AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesTechnology, Industry, AgricultureNamed GroupsHealth CareGeographicals
BronchiolitisBronchiolitis, ViralBronchiolitis ObliteransCryptogenic Organizing PneumoniaLung TransplantationRespiratory Syncytial Virus InfectionsRacepinephrineRespiratory Syncytial VirusesRespiratory Syncytial Virus, HumanBronchopneumoniaRespiratory SoundsRespirovirus InfectionsLungFlavoring AgentsCollagen Type VInfant, NewbornAcute DiseaseTransplantation, HeterotopicBronchodilator AgentsRespiratory Function TestsHeart-Lung TransplantationMetapneumovirusBronchoalveolar Lavage FluidNebulizers and VaporizersHospitalizationCroupGraft RejectionPneumonia, ViralRespiratory AspirationOxygen Inhalation TherapyParamyxoviridae InfectionsBronchitisHeliumRespiratory Tract InfectionsBronchiTracheaLung DiseasesNasopharynxSaline Solution, HypertonicGuadeloupeAirway ObstructionAdministration, InhalationBiopsyBronchiolesLung Diseases, InterstitialAlbuterolBronchoalveolar LavageRespiratory RateNasal Lavage FluidMediastinal EmphysemaSeverity of Illness IndexAzithromycinAdenoviridae InfectionsAsthmaTransplantation, HomologousRespiratory TherapyIntensive Care Units, PediatricPneumoniaFollow-Up StudiesHospitals, PediatricFood-Processing IndustryPrednisoloneRetrospective StudiesRadiography, ThoracicLength of StayMurine pneumonia virusChild, HospitalizedGlucocorticoidsRespiration, ArtificialPulmonary FibrosisEosinophil Cationic ProteinProspective StudiesForced Expiratory Volume
Bronchiolitis
Inflammation of the BRONCHIOLES.
Bronchiolitis, Viral
An acute inflammatory disease of the lower RESPIRATORY TRACT, caused by paramyxoviruses, occurring primarily in infants and young children; the viruses most commonly implicated are PARAINFLUENZA VIRUS TYPE 3; RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS, HUMAN; and METAPNEUMOVIRUS.
Bronchiolitis Obliterans
Inflammation of the BRONCHIOLES leading to an obstructive lung disease. Bronchioles are characterized by fibrous granulation tissue with bronchial exudates in the lumens. Clinical features include a nonproductive cough and DYSPNEA.
Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia
An interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology, occurring between 21-80 years of age. It is characterized by a dramatic onset of a "pneumonia-like" illness with cough, fever, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. Pathological features include prominent interstitial inflammation without collagen fibrosis, diffuse fibroblastic foci, and no microscopic honeycomb change. There is excessive proliferation of granulation tissue within small airways and alveolar ducts.
Lung Transplantation
The transference of either one or both of the lungs from one human or animal to another.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections
Pneumovirus infections caused by the RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUSES. Humans and cattle are most affected but infections in goats and sheep have been reported.
Racepinephrine
A racemic mixture of d-epinephrine and l-epinephrine.
Respiratory Syncytial Viruses
A group of viruses in the PNEUMOVIRUS genus causing respiratory infections in various mammals. Humans and cattle are most affected but infections in goats and sheep have also been reported.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human
The type species of PNEUMOVIRUS and an important cause of lower respiratory disease in infants and young children. It frequently presents with bronchitis and bronchopneumonia and is further characterized by fever, cough, dyspnea, wheezing, and pallor.
Bronchopneumonia
Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is associated with BRONCHITIS, usually involving lobular areas from TERMINAL BRONCHIOLES to the PULMONARY ALVEOLI. The affected areas become filled with exudate that forms consolidated patches.
Respiratory Sounds
Noises, normal and abnormal, heard on auscultation over any part of the RESPIRATORY TRACT.
Respirovirus Infections
Infections with viruses of the genus RESPIROVIRUS, family PARAMYXOVIRIDAE. Host cell infection occurs by adsorption, via HEMAGGLUTININ, to the cell surface.
Lung
Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.
Flavoring Agents
Substances added to foods and medicine to improve the quality of taste.
Collagen Type V
A fibrillar collagen found widely distributed as a minor component in tissues that contain COLLAGEN TYPE I and COLLAGEN TYPE III. It is a heterotrimeric molecule composed of alpha1(V), alpha2(V) and alpha3(V) subunits. Several forms of collagen type V exist depending upon the composition of the subunits that form the trimer.
Infant, Newborn
An infant during the first month after birth.
Acute Disease
Disease having a short and relatively severe course.
Transplantation, Heterotopic
Transplantation of tissue typical of one area to a different recipient site. The tissue may be autologous, heterologous, or homologous.
Bronchodilator Agents
Agents that cause an increase in the expansion of a bronchus or bronchial tubes.
Respiratory Function Tests
Measurement of the various processes involved in the act of respiration: inspiration, expiration, oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange, lung volume and compliance, etc.
Heart-Lung Transplantation
The simultaneous, or near simultaneous, transference of heart and lungs from one human or animal to another.
Metapneumovirus
A genus of the subfamily PNEUMOVIRINAE, containing two members: Turkey rhinotracheitis virus and a human Metapneumovirus. Virions lack HEMAGGLUTININ and NEURAMINIDASE.
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid
Washing liquid obtained from irrigation of the lung, including the BRONCHI and the PULMONARY ALVEOLI. It is generally used to assess biochemical, inflammatory, or infection status of the lung.
Nebulizers and Vaporizers
Devices that cause a liquid or solid to be converted into an aerosol (spray) or a vapor. It is used in drug administration by inhalation, humidification of ambient air, and in certain analytical instruments.
Hospitalization
The confinement of a patient in a hospital.
Croup
Inflammation involving the GLOTTIS or VOCAL CORDS and the subglottic larynx. Croup is characterized by a barking cough, HOARSENESS, and persistent inspiratory STRIDOR (a high-pitched breathing sound). It occurs chiefly in infants and children.
Graft Rejection
An immune response with both cellular and humoral components, directed against an allogeneic transplant, whose tissue antigens are not compatible with those of the recipient.
Pneumonia, Viral
Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a viral infection.
Respiratory Aspiration
Inhaling liquid or solids, such as stomach contents, into the RESPIRATORY TRACT. When this causes severe lung damage, it is called ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA.
Oxygen Inhalation Therapy
Inhalation of oxygen aimed at restoring toward normal any pathophysiologic alterations of gas exchange in the cardiopulmonary system, as by the use of a respirator, nasal catheter, tent, chamber, or mask. (From Dorland, 27th ed & Stedman, 25th ed)
Paramyxoviridae Infections
Infections with viruses of the family PARAMYXOVIRIDAE. This includes MORBILLIVIRUS INFECTIONS; RESPIROVIRUS INFECTIONS; PNEUMOVIRUS INFECTIONS; HENIPAVIRUS INFECTIONS; AVULAVIRUS INFECTIONS; and RUBULAVIRUS INFECTIONS.
Bronchitis
Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI.
Helium
Helium. A noble gas with the atomic symbol He, atomic number 2, and atomic weight 4.003. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is not combustible and does not support combustion. It was first detected in the sun and is now obtained from natural gas. Medically it is used as a diluent for other gases, being especially useful with oxygen in the treatment of certain cases of respiratory obstruction, and as a vehicle for general anesthetics. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Respiratory Tract Infections
Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.
Bronchi
The larger air passages of the lungs arising from the terminal bifurcation of the TRACHEA. They include the largest two primary bronchi which branch out into secondary bronchi, and tertiary bronchi which extend into BRONCHIOLES and PULMONARY ALVEOLI.
Trachea
The cartilaginous and membranous tube descending from the larynx and branching into the right and left main bronchi.
Lung Diseases
Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.
Nasopharynx
The top portion of the pharynx situated posterior to the nose and superior to the SOFT PALATE. The nasopharynx is the posterior extension of the nasal cavities and has a respiratory function.
Saline Solution, Hypertonic
Hypertonic sodium chloride solution. A solution having an osmotic pressure greater than that of physiologic salt solution (0.9 g NaCl in 100 ml purified water).
Guadeloupe
The name of two islands of the West Indies, separated by a narrow channel. Their capital is Basse-Terre. They were discovered by Columbus in 1493, occupied by the French in 1635, held by the British at various times between 1759 and 1813, transferred to Sweden in 1813, and restored to France in 1816. Its status was changed from colony to a French overseas department in 1946. Columbus named it in honor of the monastery of Santa Maria de Guadalupe in Spain. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p470 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p221)
Airway Obstruction
Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs.
Administration, Inhalation
The administration of drugs by the respiratory route. It includes insufflation into the respiratory tract.
Biopsy
Removal and pathologic examination of specimens in the form of small pieces of tissue from the living body.
Bronchioles
The small airways branching off the TERTIARY BRONCHI. Terminal bronchioles lead into several orders of respiratory bronchioles which in turn lead into alveolar ducts and then into PULMONARY ALVEOLI.
Lung Diseases, Interstitial
A diverse group of lung diseases that affect the lung parenchyma. They are characterized by an initial inflammation of PULMONARY ALVEOLI that extends to the interstitium and beyond leading to diffuse PULMONARY FIBROSIS. Interstitial lung diseases are classified by their etiology (known or unknown causes), and radiological-pathological features.
Albuterol
A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.
Bronchoalveolar Lavage
Washing out of the lungs with saline or mucolytic agents for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. It is very useful in the diagnosis of diffuse pulmonary infiltrates in immunosuppressed patients.
Respiratory Rate
The number of times an organism breathes with the lungs (RESPIRATION) per unit time, usually per minute.
Nasal Lavage Fluid
Fluid obtained by THERAPEUTIC IRRIGATION or washout of the nasal cavity and NASAL MUCOSA. The resulting fluid is used in cytologic and immunologic assays of the nasal mucosa such as with the NASAL PROVOCATION TEST in the diagnosis of nasal hypersensitivity.
Mediastinal Emphysema
Presence of air in the mediastinal tissues due to leakage of air from the tracheobronchial tree, usually as a result of trauma.
Severity of Illness Index
Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder.
Azithromycin
A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.
Adenoviridae Infections
Virus diseases caused by the ADENOVIRIDAE.
Asthma
A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).
Transplantation, Homologous
Transplantation between individuals of the same species. Usually refers to genetically disparate individuals in contradistinction to isogeneic transplantation for genetically identical individuals.
Respiratory Therapy
Care of patients with deficiencies and abnormalities associated with the cardiopulmonary system. It includes the therapeutic use of medical gases and their administrative apparatus, environmental control systems, humidification, aerosols, ventilatory support, bronchopulmonary drainage and exercise, respiratory rehabilitation, assistance with cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and maintenance of natural, artificial, and mechanical airways.
Intensive Care Units, Pediatric
Hospital units providing continuous surveillance and care to acutely ill infants and children. Neonates are excluded since INTENSIVE CARE UNITS, NEONATAL is available.
Pneumonia
Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.
Follow-Up Studies
Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.
Hospitals, Pediatric
Special hospitals which provide care for ill children.
Food-Processing Industry
The productive enterprises concerned with food processing.
Prednisolone
A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.
Retrospective Studies
Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.
Radiography, Thoracic
X-ray visualization of the chest and organs of the thoracic cavity. It is not restricted to visualization of the lungs.
Length of Stay
The period of confinement of a patient to a hospital or other health facility.
Murine pneumonia virus
A species of the genus PNEUMOVIRUS causing pneumonia in mice.
Child, Hospitalized
Child hospitalized for short term care.
Glucocorticoids
A group of CORTICOSTEROIDS that affect carbohydrate metabolism (GLUCONEOGENESIS, liver glycogen deposition, elevation of BLOOD SUGAR), inhibit ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE secretion, and possess pronounced anti-inflammatory activity. They also play a role in fat and protein metabolism, maintenance of arterial blood pressure, alteration of the connective tissue response to injury, reduction in the number of circulating lymphocytes, and functioning of the central nervous system.
Respiration, Artificial
Any method of artificial breathing that employs mechanical or non-mechanical means to force the air into and out of the lungs. Artificial respiration or ventilation is used in individuals who have stopped breathing or have RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY to increase their intake of oxygen (O2) and excretion of carbon dioxide (CO2).
Pulmonary Fibrosis
A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.
Eosinophil Cationic Protein
One of several basic proteins released from EOSINOPHIL cytoplasmic granules. Eosinophil cationic protein is a 21-kDa cytotoxic peptide with a pI of 10.9. Although eosinophil cationic protein is considered a member of the RNAse A superfamily of proteins, it has only limited RNAse activity.
Prospective Studies
Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.
Forced Expiratory Volume
Measure of the maximum amount of air that can be expelled in a given number of seconds during a FORCED VITAL CAPACITY determination . It is usually given as FEV followed by a subscript indicating the number of seconds over which the measurement is made, although it is sometimes given as a percentage of forced vital capacity.

Randomised controlled trial of budesonide for the prevention of post-bronchiolitis wheezing. (1/187)

BACKGROUND: Previous studies suggest that recurrent episodes of coughing and wheezing occur in up to 75% of infants after acute viral bronchiolitis. AIM: To assess the efficacy of budesonide given by means of a metered dose inhaler, spacer, and face mask in reducing the incidence of coughing and wheezing episodes up to 12 months after acute viral bronchiolitis. METHODS: Children under the age of 12 months admitted to hospital with acute viral bronchiolitis were randomised to receive either budesonide or placebo (200 microg or one puff twice daily) for the next eight weeks. Parents kept a diary card record of all episodes of coughing and wheezing over the next 12 months. RESULTS: Full follow up data were collected for 49 infants. There were no significant differences between the two study groups for the number of infants with symptom episodes up to six months after hospital discharge. At 12 months, 21 infants in the budesonide group had symptom episodes compared with 12 of 24 in the placebo group. The median number of symptom episodes was 2 (range, 0-13) in those who received budesonide and 1 (range, 0-11) in those who received placebo. Because there is no pharmacological explanation for these results, they are likely to be caused by a type 1 error, possibly exacerbated by there being more boys in the treatment group. CONCLUSION: Routine administration of budesonide by means of a metered dose inhaler, spacer, and face mask system immediately after acute viral bronchiolitis cannot be recommended.  (+info)

Association of fever and severe clinical course in bronchiolitis. (2/187)

Little attention has been given to the relation between fever and the severity of bronchiolitis. Therefore, the relation between fever and the clinical course of 90 infants (59 boys, 31 girls) hospitalised during one season with bronchiolitis was studied prospectively. Fever (defined as a single recording > 38.0 degrees C or two successive recording > 37.8 degrees C) was present in 28 infants. These infants were older (mean age, 5.3 v 4.0 months), had a longer mean hospital stay (4.2 v 2.7 days), and a more severe clinical course (71.0% v 29.0%) than those infants without fever. Radiological abnormalities (collapse/consolidation) were found in 60. 7% of the febrile group compared with 14.8% of the afebrile infants. These results suggest that monitoring of body temperature is important in bronchiolitis and that fever is likely to be associated with a more severe clinical course and radiological abnormalities.  (+info)

IL-8 and neutrophil elastase levels in the respiratory tract of infants with RSV bronchiolitis. (3/187)

The aim of this study was to determine whether interleukin (IL)-8 is released within the upper respiratory tract of infants during respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis and whether the large number of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) present in the respiratory tract of these infants are contributing to the inflammation through release of inflammatory mediators. Twenty-seven infants with acute bronchiolitis were recruited during one winter epidemic and 20 infant control subjects were recruited from a cohort participating in a community-based vaccine study. Samples of airways fluid were obtained using nasal lavage. The lavage fluid was spun to remove the cells, and the supernatant was stored at -70 degrees C. The supernatants were subsequently assayed for the presence of IL-8, total human neutrophil elastase (HNE) and neutrophil elastase activity. In the children with bronchiolitis compared with control infants, elevated levels of IL-8 (median (range) 1.53 (0-153) versus 0 (0-5.6) ng x mL(-1)) HNE (136 (32-694) versus 14 (0-516) ng x mL(-1)) and elastase activity (4 (1-220) versus 1 (0-339) mU x mL(-1)) were found. These results indicate that interleukin-8 is released in the upper respiratory tract in response to respiratory syncytial virus infection and suggest that polymorphonuclear neutrophil products are playing an important role in the inflammatory response to respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants with acute bronchiolitis. This contrasts with the predominantly eosinophilic response evident in atopic upper and lower respiratory tract disease.  (+info)

Peripheral blood cytokine responses and disease severity in respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. (4/187)

The role of cellular immunity in disease severity in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis is largely unknown. This study investigated the association between disease severity and systemic cytokine responses in hospitalized ventilated and nonventilated RSV bronchiolitis patients. In whole blood cultures stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), lymphoproliferative responses and interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-4 production during acute illness were measured. In addition, plasma cytokines were measured. Measurements were repeated in the convalescent phase, 3-4 weeks after admission. Fifty patients were included. The median age in ventilaled patients was significantly lower than in nonventilated patients (1 versus 4 months, p<0.05). In comparison with nonventilated patients, the ventilated patients had significantly lower lymphoproliferative responses and a lower production of IFN-gamma and IL-4. In fact, IFN-gamma and IL-4 production in ventilated patients was almost completely undetectable. Plasma IL-8 levels in ventilated patients were significantly higher than in nonventilated patients. In the convalescent phase, lymphoproliferative and cytokine responses as well as plasma IL-8 levels were normal in both patient groups. Since RSV bronchiolitis is associated with the subsequent development of asthma, the possible skewing of the T-helper (Th1/Th2) cytokine balance was investigated. This was found neither in the acute nor in the convalescent phase. In conclusion, the data indicate that depressed lymphocyte function and elevated plasma interleukin-8 levels are markers of severe disease. It is suggested that age and maturation related immune mechanisms could explain the occurrence of severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis requiring mechanical ventilation in young infants.  (+info)

Effects of respiratory syncytial virus persistence on airway responsiveness and inflammation in guinea-pigs. (5/187)

Recurrent wheezing and asthma often develop after acute respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis, but the mechanisms of these sequelae are poorly understood. Using a guinea-pig model of human RSV lung infection, the effects of long-term viral persistence on three hallmarks of asthma: nonspecific airway responsiveness, airway inflammation and airway remodelling were examined. Guinea-pigs were studied 100 days after intranasal instillation of either human RSV or uninfected vehicle, using: 1) acetylcholine challenge to test for airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR); 2) lung histology to quantify the numbers of airway eosinophils and metachromatic cells (mast cells/basophils); 3) airway morphometry of the areas of the airway subepithelial connective tissue, smooth muscle and adventitia, to test for airway remodelling; and 4) immunohistochemistry to identify lung cells containing RSV antigens. The RSV-inoculated group had significantly elevated AHR and airway eosinophils compared to uninfected control animals (p<0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of numbers of airway metachromatic cells, or the areas of subepithelial connective tissue, smooth muscle or adventitia. Viral proteins were identified by immunohistochemistry within several types of lung cells. In conclusion, long-term persistence of respiratory syncytial virus in the guinea-pig lung is associated with airway hyperresponsiveness and airway eosinophilia, and these changes may be pertinent to the pathogenesis of postbronchiolitis wheezing and asthma in children.  (+info)

Randomised placebo controlled trial of nebulised corticosteroids in acute respiratory syncytial viral bronchiolitis. (6/187)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate short and long term effects of giving nebulised budesonide early in respiratory syncytial viral (RSV) bronchiolitis. DESIGN: A multicentre randomised double blind placebo controlled trial. SUBJECTS: Infants admitted to hospital with their first episode of RSV positive bronchiolitis. INTERVENTION: Randomisation to receive either 1 mg of nebulised budesonide (Bud) or placebo (Pla) twice daily from admission until 2 weeks after discharge. Follow up was for 12 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Duration of hospital admission, time taken to become symptom free, re-admission rates, general practitioner consultation rates, and use of anti-wheeze medication during follow up. RESULTS: 161 infants were studied. Both arms were similar with respect to initial clinical severity, age, sex, socioeconomic class, and tobacco exposure. Median time from first nebulisation to discharge: Bud and Pla, 2 days. Median number of days for 50% of infants to be symptom free for 48 hours: Bud, 10 days; Pla, 12 days. Respiratory re-admission rates in the 12 month follow up: Bud, 16%; Pla, 18%; median difference (95% confidence interval (CI)), -2 (-14 to 10). Median respiratory related general practitioner attendances: Bud, 4.0; Pla, 4.5; median difference (95% CI), -1 (-2 to 0). Percentage of infants receiving at least one prescription for anti-wheeze medication during follow up, corticosteroids: Bud, 50%; Pla, 60%; difference (95% CI), -10 (-26 to 6); bronchodilators: Bud, 60%; Pla, 67%; difference (95% CI), -7 (-22 to 8). CONCLUSIONS: There are no short or long term clinical benefits from the administration of nebulised corticosteroids in the acute phase of RSV bronchiolitis.  (+info)

No objective benefit from steroids inhaled via a spacer in infants recovering from bronchiolitis. (7/187)

A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial was conducted to investigate the efficacy of 3 months' inhaled steroids delivered via a spacer device with face mask attachment to infants recovering from bronchiolitis. Forty-eight previously healthy infants recovering from their first documented episode of acute bronchiolitis were randomized to receive 150 microg fluticasone propionate (FP) b.i.d. or placebo delivered via the Babyhaler spacer. Longitudinal assessments were performed on seven occasions over 1 yr based on symptom diaries and health records, clinical examinations, overnight cough recordings and oxygen saturation readings. Lung function was measured 6 months after hospital discharge. Forty-three infants completed the trial (FP 21, placebo 22). There were no significant differences in the three objective end-points measured, recorded night cough, oxygen saturation and lung function test results. Symptom scores were low in both the FP and placebo groups with the absence of (0) or mild (1) symptoms > or =90% of the trial days. No statistical differences in symptom frequency, use of rescue respiratory medications or hospital admissions between treatment groups were found throughout the trial or follow-up periods. In conclusion, the use of inhaled fluticasone propionate in infants recovering from acute bronchiolitis cannot be recommended.  (+info)

The diagnostic and therapeutic approach to acute bronchiolitis in hospitalized children in Israel: a nationwide survey. (8/187)

BACKGROUND: Bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus is one of the major causes of hospitalization in young children, especially during the winter. Recent evidence has shown that pharmacological treatment, especially nebulized epinephrine, in addition to the traditional supportive treatment, can alleviate symptoms and shorten hospitalization, but this approach is not yet widespread. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the management of bronchiolitis in Israel is moving toward a stronger emphasis on pharmacological care. METHODS: A questionnaire on the diagnosis and management of bronchiolitis was completed by 27 heads of pediatric departments throughout Israel. The questionnaire dealt with the frequency of usage of diagnostic and selected therapeutic procedures. RESULTS: Chest X-ray and arterial blood gases are commonly used as a diagnostic aid in more than 75% of the departments, and antibiotics are prescribed routinely in 24%. Corticosteroids are still in use: 48% use systemic steroids, and 19% nebulized steroids. Nebulized epinephrine is used in 22% of the departments, while nebulized beta-agonists are used frequently in two-thirds of the departments. CONCLUSIONS: Despite convincing data that beta-agonists and steroids have no positive effect on the outcome of bronchiolitis on the one hand, and that nebulized epinephrine has advantages in children on the other, we found significant use of the former two agents and sparse use of the latter. Greater awareness is needed among pediatricians, and measures should be introduced to incorporate the new recommendations, with further study of the effect of the old and new drugs on bronchiolitis.  (+info)

Figure - Human Metapneumovirus in Severe Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis - Volume 9, Number 3-March 2003 - Emerging...
Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to detect segments of the M (matrix), N (nucleoprotein), and F (fusion) genes of human metapneumovirus in bronchoalveolar fluid from 30 infants with severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. Seventy percent of them were coinfected with metapneumovirus. Such coinfection might be a factor influencing the severity of bronchiolitis.
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/9/3/02-0289-f1
Impact Of A Health Care Protocol For Patients Suffering Symptoms Of Mild Acute Viral Bronchiolitis On Early Release In The...Impact Of A Health Care Protocol For Patients Suffering Symptoms Of Mild Acute Viral Bronchiolitis On Early Release In The...
Acute viral bronchiolitis constitutes the principal cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections in infants and children in Nord America. Every year 11% of infants younger than 1 year and 6% of those between 1 and 2 years are affected. Acute viral bronchiolitis is characterized by a first episode of respiratory distress associated to rhinorrhea, cough and fever, other symptoms such as vomiting, use of accessory intercostal muscles and irritability can be present. Mild symptoms presentation in bronchiolitis is very common, these patients do not require treatment or testing, only appropriate information on how to ameliorate respiratory symptoms and a well list of alarm signs for parents are frequently enough to send the patient home.. Increasing workload in the ED is a national worry after the last 20 years. Between October and April, this phenomena is seen each year due to cold and influenza season. From an economic perspective along with a lack in human resources, new strategies have to be ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01091064
HYPERTONIC SALINE IN ACUTE VIRAL BRONCHIOLITIS: A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govHYPERTONIC SALINE IN ACUTE VIRAL BRONCHIOLITIS: A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Acute viral bronchiolitis is the principal lower respiratory tract infection in infants worldwide, 10% of canadian infants are affected each year. It is characterized by a first episode of difficulty to breathe, preceded by symptoms of fever, rhinorrhea and cough. The only accepted treatment for bronchiolitis is nasal cleaning, hydration and oxygen administration. Multiple studies have documented variation in diagnostic testing, clinical scores used and different treatment modalities. This suggests a lack of consensus on the diagnosis, on criteria for hospitalization and on treatment. Nebulized 3% hypertonic saline solution has been proposed as a potential treatment for the reduction in the severity of respiratory symptoms and the rate of admission in bronchiolitis, it has never been studied alone and the effect on the rate of admission has been little studied.. We propose a randomized double blind multicenter clinical trial on infants 6 weeks to 12 months old with moderate or severe ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00729274?term=Bronchiolitis%3A+Clinical+Trials&rank=3
Glucocorticoids for acute viral bronchiolitis in infants and young children New search for studies and content updated (no...Glucocorticoids for acute viral bronchiolitis in infants and young children New search for studies and content updated (no...
Glucocorticoids for acute viral bronchiolitis in infants and young children New search for studies and content updated (no change to conclusions) answers are found in the Cochrane Abstracts powered by Unbound Medicine. Available for iPhone, iPad, Android, and Web.
https://evidence.unboundmedicine.com/evidence/view/Cochrane/433820/all/Glucocorticoids_for_acute_viral_bronchiolitis_in_infants_and_young_children_New_search_for_studies_and_content_updated__no_change_to_conclusions_
Severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in infancy and asthma and allergy at age 13Severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in infancy and asthma and allergy at age 13
We have prospectively studied wheezing disorder and allergy in 47 children hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis in infancy and 93 matched control subjects. Subjects with at least three episodes of wheezing were defined as recurrent wheezers and as having asthma if the ep …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15516534/?dopt=Abstract
Whole blood gene expression in infants with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis
Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of viral bronchiolitis in infants worldwide, and environmental, viral and host factors are all of importance for disease susceptibility and severity. To study the systemic host response to this disease we used the microarray technology to measure mRNA gene expression levels in whole blood of five male infants hospitalised with acute RSV, subtype B, bronchiolitis versus five one year old male controls exposed to RSV during infancy without bronchiolitis. The gene expression levels were further evaluated in a new experiment using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) both in the five infants selected for microarray and in 13 other infants hospitalised with the same disease. Results Among the 30 genes most differentially expressed by microarray nearly 50% were involved in immunological processes. We found the highly upregulated interferon, alpha-inducible protein 27 (IFI27) and the highly downregulated gene ...
https://www.duo.uio.no/handle/10852/46858
Management of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis: 2015 Survey of Members of the European Society for Paediatric...
|jats:p|In 1995, the European Society for Paediatric Infectious Diseases (ESPID) carried out a survey of its members to assess the variation in management of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis. The aim of the current study was to carry out a similar survey 20 years later to assess how the management had changed. An electronic, structured, English language survey, based on the United Kingdom National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) bronchiolitis draft guideline, was sent to ESPID members in March 2015. Questions asked included information on treatment practices of infants with bronchiolitis and doctor demographics. We received responses from 135 doctors (14% of the ESPID members) who worked in 115 hospitals. 56% of the doctors used a written guideline to manage bronchiolitic infants. All doctors stated that they isolated individually or in cohorts all hospitalised bronchiolitis infants. The level of oxygen saturation suggested as an indication to administer supplemental
https://www.jenner.ac.uk/publications/656867
Immunopathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitisImmunopathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis
The robust inflammatory response associated with RSV infection does not contribute to the severity of RSV bronchiolitis any more than it contributes to the severity of non-RSV bronchiolitis. Elevated levels of proinflammatory mediators IL-6, IL-8, IFN-gamma, and MIP-1beta, as well as of the regulato …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17436234/?dopt=Abstract
Sabinet | Acute viral bronchiolitis in South Africa : viral aetiology and clinical epidemiology : CMESabinet | Acute viral bronchiolitis in South Africa : viral aetiology and clinical epidemiology : CME
Bronchiolitis is a viral-induced lower respiratory tract infection that occurs predominantly in children < 2 years of age, particularly infants. Many viruses have been proven or attributed to cause bronchiolitis, including and most commonly the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and rhinovirus. RSV is responsible for more severe disease and complications (including hospitalisation) in bronchiolitis patients. Whereas bronchiolitis is exclusively due to respiratory viral infections, with little evidence of bacterial co-infection, the former could nevertheless predispose to superimposed bacterial infections. Although data support an interaction between RSV and pneumococcal superimposed infections, it should be noted that this specifically refers to children who are hospitalised with RSV-associated pneumonia, and not to children with bronchiolitis or milder outpatient RSV-associated illness. As such, empiric antibiotic treatment against pneumococcus in children with RSV-associated pneumonia is only
http://journals.co.za/content/m_samj/106/5/EJC188170
A polymorphism in the catalase gene promoter confers protection against severe RSV bronchiolitis<...A polymorphism in the catalase gene promoter confers protection against severe RSV bronchiolitis<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - A polymorphism in the catalase gene promoter confers protection against severe RSV bronchiolitis. AU - Chambliss, Jeffrey M.. AU - Ansar, Maria. AU - Kelley, John P.. AU - Spratt, Heidi. AU - Garofalo, Roberto P.. AU - Casola, Antonella. PY - 2020/1/3. Y1 - 2020/1/3. N2 - Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is associated with oxidative lung injury, decreased levels of antioxidant enzymes (AOEs), and the degradation of the transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2), a master regulator of AOE expression. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in AOE and NRF2 genes have been associated with various lung disorders. To test whether specific NRF2 and/or AOE gene SNPs in children with RSV lower respiratory tract infection were associated with disease severity, one hundred and forty one children ,24 month of age with bronchiolitis were assessed for seven AOE and two NRF2 SNPs, and data were correlated with disease severity, which was determined by need of oxygen ...
https://researchexperts.utmb.edu/en/publications/a-polymorphism-in-the-catalase-gene-promoter-confers-protection-a
Cord blood vitamin D deficiency is associated with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis.Cord blood vitamin D deficiency is associated with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis.
BACKGROUND: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most important pathogen causing severe lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in infants. Epidemiologic and basic studies suggest that vitamin D may protect against RSV LRTI. OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between plasma vitamin D concentrations at birth and the subsequent risk of RSV LRTI. DESIGN: A prospective birth cohort study was performed in healthy term neonates. Concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) in cord blood plasma were related to RSV LRTI in the first year of life, defined as parent-reported LRTI symptoms in a daily log and simultaneous presence of RSV RNA in a nose-throat specimen. RESULTS: The study population included 156 neonates. Eighteen (12%) developed RSV LRTI. The mean plasma 25-OHD concentration was 82 nmol/L. Overall, 27% of neonates had 25-OHD concentrations < 50 nmol/L, 27% had 50-74 nmol/L and only 46% had 25-OHD 75 nmol/L. Cord blood 25-OHD concentrations were strongly associated with ...
http://repository.ubn.ru.nl/handle/2066/96768
Glucocorticoids for acute viral bronchiolitis in infants and young children under two years of age | CochraneGlucocorticoids for acute viral bronchiolitis in infants and young children under two years of age | Cochrane
Bronchiolitis is the most common acute infection of the airways and lungs during the first years of life. It is caused by viruses, the most common being respiratory syncytial virus. The illness starts similar to a cold, with symptoms such as a runny nose, mild fever and cough. It later leads to fast, troubled and often noisy breathing (for example, wheezing). While the disease is often mild for most healthy babies and young children, it is a major cause of clinical illness and financial health burden worldwide. Hospitalisations have risen in high-income countries, there is substantial healthcare use and bronchiolitis may be linked with preschool wheezing disorders and the child later developing asthma.. There is variation in how physicians manage bronchiolitis, reflecting the absence of clear scientific evidence for any treatment approach. Anti-inflammatory drugs like glucocorticoids (for example, prednisolone or dexamethasone) have been used based on apparent similarities between bronchiolitis ...
https://www.cochrane.org/CD004878/ARI_glucocorticoids-for-acute-viral-bronchiolitis-in-infants-and-young-children-under-two-years-of-age
Epinephrine for acute viral bronchiolitis in children less than two years of age | CochraneEpinephrine for acute viral bronchiolitis in children less than two years of age | Cochrane
Bronchiolitis is the most common acute infection of the airways and lungs during the first years of life. It is caused by viruses, the most common being respiratory syncytial virus. The illness starts similarly to a cold, with symptoms such as a runny nose, mild fever and cough. It later leads to fast, troubled and often noisy breathing (for example, wheezing). While the disease is often mild for most healthy babies and young children, it is a major cause of clinical illness and financial health burden worldwide. Hospitalizations have risen in high-income countries, there is substantial healthcare use, and bronchiolitis may be linked with preschool wheezing disorders and the child later developing asthma.. There is variation in how physicians manage bronchiolitis, reflecting the absence of clear scientific evidence for any treatment approach. Bronchodilators are drugs that are often used for asthma attacks to relax the muscles in the airways so that breathing is easier. Epinephrine is one type ...
http://www.cochrane.org/CD003123/ARI_epinephrine-for-acute-viral-bronchiolitis-in-children-less-than-two-years-of-age
South African guideline for the diagnosis, management and prevention of acute viral bronchiolitis in childrenSouth African guideline for the diagnosis, management and prevention of acute viral bronchiolitis in children
Humidified low-flow oxygen (0.5 - 3 litres/minute) applied by nasal prongs is effective for hypoxic children. Nasal prongs give a maximum inspired oxygen of 28 - 35% except in small infants, when higher oxygen concentrations may be obtained. Headbox oxygen is an alternative that is well tolerated by young infants. It requires no humidification, but high flow and a mixing device are needed to ensure that the correct oxygen concentration is delivered. However, there is wastage of oxygen and the delivered oxygen concentration (FiO2) is unpredictable. Facemask oxygen delivers between 28% and 65% oxygen at a flow rate of 6 - 10 l/min. In severely hypoxic infants who are not ventilated, oxygen should be administered using a polymask, which enables FiO2 concentrations of 60 - 80% to be achieved. Oxygen should be weaned when the child improves clinically and with resolution of hypoxia. Rapid short-acting bronchodilator therapy has shown modest benefits in the treatment of bronchiolitis.20 ...
http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0256-95742010000500023&lng=en&nrm=iso
Acute viral bronchiolitis and risk of asthma in schoolchildren: analysis of a Brazilian newborn cohort,Acute viral bronchiolitis and risk of asthma in schoolchildren: analysis of a Brazilian newborn cohort,
Discussion. The present study shows that AVB in the 1st year of life was a risk factor for asthma in children and significantly increases when associated with a parental history of asthma. Exposure to AVB and other multiple environmental factors is important for the development of the disease, especially in predisposed children.17 Respiratory infections by viruses and AVB are more common in infants, and have been associated with risk of asthma, as they are related to its pathogenesis and the triggering of exacerbations.17,18 Although some infections caused by influenza and parainfluenza viruses can inhibit the development of asthma, despite repeated upper airway respiratory infections in the first two years of the childs life, other infections by RSV and rhinovirus may favor the onset of asthma and atopy.7,19,20 There are several hypotheses to explain the mechanisms involved in the association between viral infection, persistent dyspnea, and asthma: (i) induction of inflammation typical of ...
https://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0021-75572017000300223
Neutrophil TLR4 expression is reduced in the airways of infants with severe bronchiolitis | ThoraxNeutrophil TLR4 expression is reduced in the airways of infants with severe bronchiolitis | Thorax
In RSV bronchiolitis, neutrophils, account for ,80% of cells recovered from airways in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. We investigated neutrophil activation and toll-like receptor (TLR) expression in the blood and lungs of infants with severe RSV bronchiolitis.. Methods: BAL and (blood) samples were collected from 24 (16) preterm and 23 (15) term infants, ventilated with RSV bronchiolitis, and 12 (8) control infants. We measured protein and mRNA expression of CD11b, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and TLR 2,4,7,8,9 in neutrophils.. Results: Blood neutrophils had more CD11b in preterm and term bronchiolitic infants, than control infants (P,0.025) but similar amounts of MPO. BAL neutrophils from bronchiolitic infants had increased amounts of CD11b and MPO than blood neutrophils and BAL neutrophils from controls (P,0.01). Blood neutrophils from term RSV infants had less total TLR4 protein than preterm RSV infants (P=0.005) and both had less than controls (P,0.04). Total TLR4 for each group was greater in ...
http://thorax.bmj.com/content/early/2009/06/03/thx.2008.107821
Plus itPlus it
We demonstrate, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, an association between disease severity in children hospitalised with viral bronchiolitis and 1) IL-15 mRNA expression in PBMCs and 2) IL-15 concentration in serum. We identified the source of IL-15 in PBMCs as a subpopulation of DCs that are expanded in viral bronchiolitis, and also report a correlation between IL-15 levels and intracellular expression of antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL in lymphocytes of children with bronchiolitis. We identified a distinct pattern of NK cell miRNA expression in bronchiolitis and differential expression of a selection of their putative mRNA targets, among them genes for signalling molecules in the IL-15 pathway.. Children with viral bronchiolitis in our cohort demonstrated upregulation of IL-15 mRNA expression in PBMCs and increased serum levels of IL-15. This is consistent with an appropriate innate immune response to a viral infection, as it promotes activation and recruitment of NK ...
https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/47/1/212
Randomised placebo controlled trial of nebulised corticosteroids in acute respiratory syncytial viral bronchiolitis | Archives...Randomised placebo controlled trial of nebulised corticosteroids in acute respiratory syncytial viral bronchiolitis | Archives...
Recurrent cough and wheeze after bronchiolitis is reported in up to 70% of infants after the acute illness.2-7 Underlying airway abnormalities23 24 and/or a genetic predisposition have been implicated. The cause and effect of RSV infection on this chronic respiratory morbidity is not clear, but alteration of the IgE immune response to environmental allergens after bronchiolitis has been demonstrated.25 The acute inflammatory abnormalities within the airways of infants with acute bronchiolitis are similar to those seen in children with acute exacerbations of asthma.8 Therefore, it is possible that the administration of corticosteroids in the acute phase of the illness might have an effect on the natural history. A number of studies giving corticosteroids as a nebulised solution,10 11 13-15intramuscularly,16-18 and orally,12 19 20have examined this issue. Others have looked at the effects of steroid administration on the post-bronchiolitic symptoms.26 27Unfortunately, because of differing design, ...
https://adc.bmj.com/content/82/2/126?ijkey=6dd2ffc47b2519dbe633b9012e934c7a75f430c5&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Shen-Ying Zhang.Shen-Ying Zhang.
Affected person 1, a boy born to consanguineous Lebanese parents, presented at three months old with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis, followed by recurrent episodes of pneumonia. At 5 months old, severe T-cell lymphopenia and markedly reduced in vitro T-cell proliferation were observed . He was well and had not been getting intravenous immune globulin replacement therapy 13 several weeks after undergoing HSCT. In the first 24 months of life, Patient 2, a girl born to nonconsanguineous Finnish parents, had recurrent otitis press, pneumonia, diarrhea, and three episodes of thrombocytopenia that resolved spontaneously. At 2. Several months afterwards, computed tomography of the chest showed a fresh pulmonary infiltrate . A lung biopsy revealed granulomatous irritation with acid-fast bacilli.announced today that it provides initiated a study to verify the efficacy of AEOL 10150 as a countermeasure to nuclear and radiological exposure in non-human primates. AEOL 10150 has previously ...
http://healthmattersnh.net/shen-ying-zhang/
Plus itPlus it
Aim: To investigate the relationship between the polymorphism of CA microsatellite(rs3138557) in IFNgamma gene and theseverity to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection.. Methods: The IFNgamma CA microsatellite was tested in 218 RSV bronchiolitis inpatients and 303 healthy children as control. The severity of RSV bronchiolitis was evaluated by standardized respiratory scoring system. Results: (1) The frequencies of CA12+/CA12+, CA12+/CA12- and CA12-/CA12- in the RSV bronchiolitis group were11%, 55.05% and35.95% respectively. The frequencies in the control group were19.47%, 52.81% and 27.72% respectively. The gene polymorphism of IFN gamma CA repeats between both groups was statistically different (P = 0.024).. (2) The clinical respiratory scores of RSV bronchiolitis cases with CA12+/CA12+, CA12+/CA12- were 2.84 plusmn 0.41; 2.95plusmn0.44 respectively. These scores were lower than those with CA12-/CA12- (3.10plusmn0.36).(P=0.004; P=0.027).. Conclusion: The polymorphism of IFN gamma CA ...
http://erj.ersjournals.com/content/44/Suppl_58/P3452
Intensive Care Medicine: AbstractIntensive Care Medicine: Abstract
Patients baseline characteristics were similar between the two periods. P2 is associated with a significant decrease in the length of ventilation (LOV) (4.1 ± 3.5 versus 6.9 ± 4.6 days, p , 0.001), PICU length of stay (LOS) (6.2 ± 4.6 versus 9.7 ± 5.5 days, p , 0.001) and hospital LOS. nCPAP was independently associated with a shorter duration of ventilatory support than MV (hazard ratio 1.8, 95 % CI 1.5-2.2, p , 0.001). nCPAP was also associated with a significant decrease in ventilation-associated complications, and less invasive management. The mean cost of acute viral bronchiolitis-related PICU hospitalizations was significantly decreased, from 17,451 to 11,205 € (p , 0.001). Implementation of nCPAP led to a reduction of the total annual cost of acute viral bronchiolitis hospitalizations of 715,000 €.. ...
http://icmjournal.esicm.org/Journals/abstract.html?doi=10.1007/s00134-013-3129-z
respiratory distress and rsv bronchiolitisrespiratory distress and rsv bronchiolitis
Any Pediatric Coders/CDI want to help me with this one. It is RSV Bronchiolitis season at our hospital and we have a question about the kids who come
https://www.aapc.com/memberarea/forums/51891-respiratory-distress-rsv-bronchiolitis.html
Randomised double blind placebo controlled trial of prednisolone in children admitted to hospital with respiratory syncytial...Randomised double blind placebo controlled trial of prednisolone in children admitted to hospital with respiratory syncytial...
BACKGROUND: Experimental and clinical evidence suggests that respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis is an immune mediated disease. Corticosteroids might therefore be effective in the treatment of RSV bronchiolitis. METHODS: A randomised double blind trial was conducted in children up to two years of age admitted to hospital with RSV bronchiolitis to compare prednisolone (1 mg/ kg/day orally for seven days) with placebo. Variables used for the efficacy analysis were a daily symptom score and the length of time in hospital in the non-ventilated patients, and the duration of mechanical ventilation and the length of time in hospital in the ventilated patients. RESULTS: Fifty four patients were included in the trial, 40 of whom were non-ventilated (20 in each group) and 14 were ventilated (seven in each group). During the first three days of treatment the symptom score decreased significantly faster in the prednisolone group than in the placebo group (mean (SE) decrease -1.2 (0.2) points/day ...
https://thorax.bmj.com/content/52/7/634?ijkey=d0725def27eadff49b3da7b3f37fe4282253081b&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Diaphragm Ultrasography to Predict Respiratory Failure in Infants with Severe Bronchiolitis - AuthoreaDiaphragm Ultrasography to Predict Respiratory Failure in Infants with Severe Bronchiolitis - Authorea
Objetive: To evaluate the ultrasonographic contractile activity indices of the diaphragm in infants with moderate and severe bronchiolitis supported with high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) or non-invasive ventilation (NIV) to predict the need of invasive
https://authorea.com/doi/full/10.22541/au.161783187.70104032/v1
Dr. Carleen Hanson: Enteroviruses flourish in summer | Herpes Advice
A product containing a specific antibody to RSV has been approved for monthly administration to help prevent RSV infection in these high-risk children. A product containing a specific antibody to RSV has been approved for monthly administration to help prevent RSV infection in these high-risk children. If your infant was born premature (under 32 weeks) or has cardiac or lung conditions, your child is at a greater risk of complications from RSV bronchiolitis. 2007;120:e244-52. If your infant was born premature (under 32 weeks) or has cardiac or lung conditions, your child is at a greater risk of complications from RSV bronchiolitis. This spring we are seeing cases of viral gastroenteritis, which is an inflammation of the stomach and small and large intestines that results in vomiting or diarrhea. How to make a wolf costume for adults Exclude any child or adult with diarrhea until the diarrhea has ceased or as directed by the Division of Public Health.. Conjunctivae clear-no lesions, discharge, or ...
http://www.wdmac.com/dr-carleen-hanson-enteroviruses-flourish-in-summer/
JCI - Palivizumab epitope-displaying virus-like particles protect rodents from RSV challengeJCI - Palivizumab epitope-displaying virus-like particles protect rodents from RSV challenge
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of serious viral bronchiolitis in infants, young children, and the elderly. Currently, there is not an FDA-approved vaccine available for RSV, though the mAb palivizumab is licensed to reduce the incidence of RSV disease in premature or at-risk infants. The palivizumab epitope is a well-characterized, approximately 24-aa helix-loop-helix structure on the RSV fusion (F) protein (F254-277). Here, we genetically inserted this epitope and multiple site variants of this epitope within a versatile woodchuck hepadnavirus core-based virus-like particle (WHcAg-VLP) to generate hybrid VLPs that each bears 240 copies of the RSV epitope in a highly immunogenic arrayed format. A challenge of such an epitope-focused approach is that to be effective, the conformational F254-277 epitope must elicit antibodies that recognize the intact virus. A number of hybrid VLPs containing RSV F254-277 were recognized by palivizumab in vitro and elicited high-titer ...
https://www.jci.org/articles/view/78450/figure/7
Blog ArchivesBlog Archives
During RSV bronchiolitis neutrophils are the most abundant immune cells in the lung. Neutrophils are known to produce neutrophil extra cellular traps (NETs) which can induce injury to epithelial cells and hence contribute to disease severity. Neutrophils express several inhibitory receptors including LAIR-1. Whether targeting this receptor could diminish NET release is the question Geerdink and colleagues answer in their article. Their study demonstrates that sputum neutrophils from the lungs of RSV infected patients are highly activated and show increased LAIR-1 expression compared to blood derived neutrophils. More strikingly; targeting LAIR-1 with antibodies inhibited NET formation by 50%. This finding offers an innovative strategy that, together with newly developed antiviral, could contribute to the treatment of RSV bronchiolitis ...
http://www.resvinet.org/news/archives/03-2018
Professor Jürgen Schwarze | The University of Edinburgh
Jürgen Schwarzes group studies immune mechanisms of viral bronchiolitis and the role of virus induced immune modulation in allergy and asthma focusing on the innate/adaptive immune interface in the lung.
https://www.ed.ac.uk/inflammation-research/people/principal-investigators/professor-jurgen-schwarze
The Larsen FamilyThe Larsen Family
Boy we have gone through a rough few months! I dont want to go into too much detail, but it has been hard. So just when I get healed up from my c-section, I had to get my gallbladder removed a few weeks ago. That was brutal! Thank goodness my Grandma came up and stayed with us. She is amazing! She took care of the kiddos for me and made dinner and cleaned and everything! I dont know what I would have done if she hadnt been there. Then Quincy came down with a really high fever and with her history we have to get her treated right away. Two instacare visits and a night spent in the ER, a fever of 104.9 at one point, and two medication changes, they finally got her better. The worst part was that Deacon ended up getting very sick and had to be put in the hospital. He had viral bronchiolitis and had to be hooked up to all these monitors and machines and IVs and get his lungs suctioned out and be given medications so that he could breathe. It was so sad! They even had to take blood from out of his ...
http://mandblarsen.blogspot.com
Its been awhile... - BabyCenterIts been awhile... - BabyCenter
Since Ive been on here... My little chunk is a solid 14pounds :-) and she was born a tiny 5.12! But on a more serious note she has bronchiolitis and does breathing treatment every four hours. Now my question is, for you ladies who have/had kids who had rsv/bronchiolitis, how long did it take baby to get over it?! Lo sounds terrible!
https://community.babycenter.com/post/a40065985/its_been_awhile..
Church Farm Close Medical Practice - Library - Health A-ZChurch Farm Close Medical Practice - Library - Health A-Z
It may be possible for a child with a high risk of developing severe bronchiolitis to have monthly antibody injections during the winter (November to March). The injections may help to limit the severity of the condition if the child becomes infected. Children who may be considered to be at high risk include those:. ...
http://www.lofthousesurgery.co.uk/Library/Conditions/Articles/bronchiolitis/prevention
MEDLINE - Resultado p gina 1
BACKGROUND: Airway oedema (swelling) and mucus plugging are the principal pathological features in infants with acute viral bronchiolitis. Nebulised hypertonic saline solution (≥ 3%) may reduce these pathological changes and decrease airway obstruction. This is an update of a review first published in 2008, and previously updated in 2010 and 2013. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of nebulised hypertonic (≥ 3%) saline solution in infants with acute bronchiolitis. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, MEDLINE Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE Daily, Embase, CINAHL, LILACS, and Web of Science on 11 August 2017. We also searched the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (WHO ICTRP) and ClinicalTrials.gov on 8 April 2017. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomised controlled trials and quasi-randomised controlled trials using nebulised hypertonic saline alone ...
http://bases.bireme.br/cgi-bin/wxislind.exe/iah/online/?IsisScript=iah/iah.xis&nextAction=lnk&base=MEDLINE&lang=p&format=detailed.pft&indexSearch=EX&exprSearch=C08.618.846.185
Use of continuous positive airway pressure during stabilisation and retrieval of infants with suspected bronchiolitis - Fleming...Use of continuous positive airway pressure during stabilisation and retrieval of infants with suspected bronchiolitis - Fleming...
Aim: Infants with viral bronchiolitis are often hospitalised with a proportion requiring respiratory support. The aim of this review was to examine the use of nasal prong continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) as a management strategy for infants with a diagnosis of bronchiolitis, who required stabilisation and transport to a tertiary centre.. Method: A retrospective audit of infants with bronchiolitis requiring CPAP during transport between January 2003 and June 2007.. Results: Nasal CPAP was initiated in 54 infants with 51 of these (34 ex-preterm, 17 term) subsequently continuing on CPAP during retrieval. Mean CPAP pressure was 7 cmH2O. Oxygenation improved between stabilisation and the end of retrieval (P , 0.01). During retrieval, there was no significant increase in transcutaneous CO2, no infant required endotracheal ventilation and no adverse events were noted. Five infants were intubated within the first 24 h of admission at the receiving hospital.. Conclusion: This review ...
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1440-1754.2012.02468.x/abstract
Clinical predictors of admission in infants with acute bronchiolitis | Archives of Disease in ChildhoodClinical predictors of admission in infants with acute bronchiolitis | Archives of Disease in Childhood
In our study we found eight clinical predictors of admission in infants with acute bronchiolitis. We also developed a clinical risk scoring system which can be used in the emergency department to aid clinical decision making. This scoring system is simple and easy to use, making it applicable to a busy clinical setting. It was developed in a large number of children who were consecutively recruited using a retrospective sample which eliminated any potential observer bias. It employs only objective clinical parameters, limiting the potential for variability when used by different clinicians. The scoring system was developed with clinical applicability as a priority rather than the maximisation of statistical accuracy.. While other studies have looked at predictors of admission in children with bronchiolitis, no other studies have only included infants in their study population. Although in some countries bronchiolitis is diagnosed up to the age of five, a large majority of those admitted to ...
https://adc.bmj.com/content/96/7/648?ijkey=001da558b589189f99e03a85c10941722250ab1a&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Bronchiolitis | American Academy of PediatricsBronchiolitis | American Academy of Pediatrics
Acute bronchiolitis refers to airway inflammation and obstruction of the lower respiratory tract and is caused almost exclusively by viral infection in children younger than 2 years. Commonly, symptoms of bronchiolitis begin with rhinitis or congestion and cough and may develop into symptoms of increasing respiratory distress (tachypnea, wheezing, and accessory muscle use). (1) Severity of bronchiolitis can vary from mild symptoms that can be managed at home to acute respiratory failure requiring invasive ventilation. There is wide variation in care for infants admitted to the hospital with bronchiolitis, which persists despite the existence of guidelines. (2)(3)(4) In 2014, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) published the Clinical Practice Guideline: The Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Bronchiolitis (1) (summarized in Table 1), an updated, revised version of a previous 2006 AAP guideline. (5) The strength of these recommendations are explained in Table 2. (1 … ...
https://pedsinreview.aappublications.org/content/40/11/568
Non-RSV Bronchiolitis, Round 3 - Deconstructing Jen
I dont remember exactly when I started speaking in medical terms, it just sort of happened. I used to define Evey and Bens illnesses in normal every day terms. Fast heart beat. Barky cough. Old man cough - I really did say that once when Ben was wheezing really bad because I didnt know how else to describe it. Now terms like sinus rhythm, tachycardia, bronchiolitis, chronic lung disease are part of my every day vocabulary and I am frequently asked by health care professionals if Im a nurse. Nope. Just a mom.. So Im digressing. Bens chest x-ray was negative yesterday. AWESOME. Ben has non-RSV bronchiolitis. Again. Not awesome. Non RSV bronchiolitis - what is it? Its essentially RSV without the actual RSV virus. So what is that? Its swelling of the teeny tiny airways in his lungs and is caused by a virus that infects the lower part of his lungs. It causes a nasty cough, shortness of breath, a runny nose, and wheezing, really bad wheezing. Most kids dont get this unless they fall into a ...
https://deconstructingjen.com/non-rsv-bronchiolitis-round-3/
Mothers Post About Daughters Hospitalization for Sepsis, Bronchiolitis Goes Viral | sepsis | bronchiolitis | Surrey | The...Mothers Post About Daughters Hospitalization for Sepsis, Bronchiolitis Goes Viral | sepsis | bronchiolitis | Surrey | The...
If like me, I never even knew that Bronchiolitis could kill a child? she wrote.. You here[sic] about meningitis, measles, mumps and rubella all being serious childhood illnesses but no body tells you about Bronchiolitis and after speaking with other parents and doctors it is more common than I ever realised especially at this time of year.. Bronchiolitis is an infection of the lungs that causes an inflammation in the bronchioles, the smallest airways that carry oxygen to the lungs.. The ailment is often the result of a virus, and usually develops during the winter months. Symptoms can include:. -Runny nose. -Stuffy nose. -Cough. -Slight fever (but not always). -Wheezing. -Difficulty breathing. -An ear infection in some infants. There is no cure for bronchiolitis, but it usually goes away of its own accord within a few weeks, according to the Mayo Clinic.. Its not clear why sepsis occurs, but it happens when the immune system stops fighting an infection and starts attacking the body instead. ...
https://m.theepochtimes.com/mothers-post-about-daughters-hospitalization-for-sepsis-bronchiolitis-goes-viral_2412550.html
Inpatient Bronchiolitis Guideline Implementation and Resource Utilization | Quality Report | PediatricsInpatient Bronchiolitis Guideline Implementation and Resource Utilization | Quality Report | Pediatrics
Bronchiolitis is a common cause of pediatric hospitalization. Variation in the use of tests and treatments for management of bronchiolitis exists, some of which may contribute to increased health care costs that are estimated to be $545 million annual total direct expenditure nationally.1 In 2006, the American Academy of Pediatrics published a national clinical practice guideline (CPG) for management of children with bronchiolitis.2 The CPG does not recommend routine tests and treatments, emphasizing a diagnosis of bronchiolitis based on history and physical examination, and supportive management. Nevertheless, nationally, there is a wide variation in use of tests and treatments in the management of bronchiolitis.2-4. CPGs can be a powerful resource to reduce variation and help providers deliver disease-specific best practice.5,6 Therefore, many national organizations support development of CPGs.7-9 Integrating a CPG into practice requires changes in physician behaviors and remains a significant ...
http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/133/3/e730
CPS Statement: Bronchiolitis in children one to 24 months of age | PedsCasesCPS Statement: Bronchiolitis in children one to 24 months of age | PedsCases
The following was adapted from the Canadian Pediatric Societys statement on Bronchiolitis: Recommendations for diagnosis, monitoring and management of children one to 24 months of age. Please see the full statement for the full recommendations from the Canadian Pediatric Society.. Background:. Bronchiolitis is a viral lower respiratory tract infection that leads to obstruction of the small airways. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is responsible for most cases, however other viruses can cause a similar clinical picture. In Canada, RSV season usually begins between November and January and persists for four to five months. Bronchiolitis affects more than one third of children in the first two years of life and is the most common cause of admission to hospital in the first year. Despite being so common, there is great variation in standards for diagnosis and management of bronchiolitis, which you may see in clinical practice. These guidelines incorporate the most recent evidence to provide ...
https://www.pedscases.com/cps-statement-bronchiolitis-children-one-24-months-age
Antibiotics for bronchiolitis in children by Geoffrey K.P. Spurling, Jenny Doust et al.Antibiotics for bronchiolitis in children by Geoffrey K.P. Spurling, Jenny Doust et al.
Background: Bronchiolitis is a serious, potentially life-threatening respiratory illness commonly affecting babies. It is often caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Antibiotics are not recommended for bronchiolitis unless there is concern about complications such as secondary bacterial pneumonia or respiratory failure. Nevertheless, they are used at rates of 34% to 99% in uncomplicated cases. Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of antibiotics for bronchiolitis. Search methods: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL 2010, issue 4), which includes the Cochrane Acute Respiratory Infection Groups Specialised Register, and the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, MEDLINE (January 1966 to November 2010), EMBASE (1990 to December 2010) and Current Contents (2001 to December 2010). Selection criteria: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing antibiotics to placebo in children under two years diagnosed with bronchiolitis, using clinical criteria
http://epublications.bond.edu.au/hsm_pubs/500/
Clinical update: Bronchiolitis | RCNiClinical update: Bronchiolitis | RCNi
In England last year, nearly 40,000 babies and young children with bronchiolitis were admitted to hospital. This infection is usually caused by the respiratory syncytial virus, and in most cases symptoms are mild and last only a few days.. However, a quality standard published in the summer by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) states that admissions for bronchiolitis are rising. NICE quality standards describe high-priority areas for improvement in a defined field of care.. Bronchiolitis is now the third most common reason why babies and young children are admitted to hospital, the quality standard states. But the treatment given is not always in line with recommendations.. Antibiotics. The standard quotes from studies undertaken in UK hospitals that show children with bronchiolitis are being given antibiotics even though these are often ineffective and have side effects. Reducing unnecessary antibiotics will prevent the development of bacterial resistance and will ...
https://rcni.com/nursing-children-and-young-people/newsroom/clinical-update/clinical-update-bronchiolitis-65786
Development of a questionnaire to assess the impact on parents of their infants bronchiolitis hospitalization | BMC Health...Development of a questionnaire to assess the impact on parents of their infants bronchiolitis hospitalization | BMC Health...
Bronchiolitis is a distressing respiratory condition and the most common cause of hospitalization during the first year of life. The hospitalization of an infant is a stressful event for parents and deserves careful consideration. The objective of this work was to develop and validate a self-administered instrument that comprehensively assesses the impact on parents of the hospitalization of their infant for bronchiolitis. The Impact of Bronchiolitis Hospitalization Questionnaire (IBHQ©) was developed using a literature review and pre-study interviews with both parents and clinicians. For finalization and psychometric validation, it was included in a multicenter, longitudinal, observational study conducted in France. Parents of infants under the age of 1 year and hospitalized for bronchiolitis were asked to complete the questionnaire at hospital discharge, and 3 months after. Seven hundred and seven questionnaires were completed by the parents of the 463 eligible infants. After finalization, based on
https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6963-13-272/tables/2
Appropriateness of Testing for Serious Bacterial Infection in Children Hospitalized With Bronchiolitis | American Academy of...Appropriateness of Testing for Serious Bacterial Infection in Children Hospitalized With Bronchiolitis | American Academy of...
The results of the current study reveal a low incidence of SBI in children hospitalized with bronchiolitis. The only SBI we identified was UTI (2.3% of patients). There were no cases of bacteremia or meningitis. Due to the fact our study was designed to evaluate provider practices and excluded patients admitted to the PICU, the incidence of SBI reported in this article may not be a true reflection of the overall incidence of SBI in patients with bronchiolitis. Nevertheless, our findings are similar to previous studies that have shown a low incidence of concurrent SBI in patients with bronchiolitis.3-14 A recent literature review reported on occult SBI in young infants with bronchiolitis.11 In the review of 11 included studies, the weighted rate of UTI was 3.3% (95% confidence interval: 1.9-5.7). There were no cases of bacteremia in 8 of the 11 studies and no cases of meningitis in any of the studies. This evidence further supports our findings of the potential low yield of SBI testing in ...
https://hosppeds.aappublications.org/content/4/1/33.full
A Health Care Management Companys Experience with Palivizumab | Managed Care magazineA Health Care Management Companys Experience with Palivizumab | Managed Care magazine
During the 2000-2001 RSV season, we approved 212 requests for palivizumab. 12 of these members, 5.7 percent, required hospitalization for proven RSV lower respiratory tract disease, either RSV bronchiolitis (ICD-9 code 466.11) or RSV pneumonia (ICD-9 code 480.1). The average length of stay was 4.6 days. These results are consistent with the results of the original randomized clinical trial of palivizumab. In that study, known as the Impact-RSV trial, there was a 55-percent overall reduction in RSV-related hospitalizations (11 percent compared to 5 percent in placebo vs. palivizumab recipients).2. Nevertheless, the big question is: What about the requests that were denied? What about the patients who were between 32 and 35 weeks gestation whose only risk factors were the additional risk factors listed in the accompanying table? In the American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Infectious Diseases and Committee on Fetus and the Newborn article on RSV infections and indications for the use of ...
http://www.managedcaremag.com/archives/2002/1/health-care-management-companys-experience-%C2%A0palivizumab?page=5
Bronchiolitis | Bainbridge, Broadview, Garfield & Mayfield Hts, Twinsburg, OH | Pediatricenter
Since these respiratory viruses, especially RSV, produce so much illness in young children and are a major cause of medical visits and costs, much research currently is underway. This research is focused on developing effective vaccines to prevent RSV and to prevent infection with some of the other respiratory viruses, such as the parainfluenza and influenza viruses. Although a number of vaccines for the prevention of RSV have been tested in clinical trials, they have yet to be approved for general use. A number of vaccines, which contain live, but weakened, or inactive parts of the virus, appear promising and are being tested further. In addition, a number of antiviral drugs are being developed and tested for both preventing and treating the viruses that cause bronchiolitis.. top. References. Gruber WC: Bronchiolitis: In Long SS, Pickering LK, Prober CG, eds. Principles and Practices of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 2nd edition, 1997: 246.. * Hall CB, Hall WJ: Bronchiolitis. In: Mandell GL, ...
http://pediatricenter.rainbowbabies.org/Parent-Resources/Medical-Conditions/Bronchiolitis.aspx
Preschool Asthma After Bronchiolitis in Infancy | Asthma, Pathophysiology | PediatricsPreschool Asthma After Bronchiolitis in Infancy | Asthma, Pathophysiology | Pediatrics
The findings of this prospective study contribute to the debate that is ongoing about RSV/non-RSV bronchiolitis at infancy as an asthma predictive factor. This study contributes new data to the debate on bronchiolitis admissions at age ,6 months. However, the reported rate of asthma in the follow-up group was notably lower than what has been reported in previous research. Future research should focus on investigating further the mechanisms of viral etiology in bronchiolitis and whether it can contribute to early-life risk factors for developing asthma. ...
http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/130/Supplement_1/S30.2
bronchiolitis - ercast.org
It is bronchiolitis season my friends. Even I have a bit of the URI. When were talking bronchiolitis, the conversation is almost always about: do steroids or bronchodilators work, what to do with a touch of hypoxia. Important conversations to be sure, but the highest yield pearl I have ever received about bronchiolitis (or any …. ...
http://blog.ercast.org/tag/bronchiolitis/
Effectiveness of Chest Physiotherapy in Infants Hospitalized with Acute Bronchiolitis: A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled...Effectiveness of Chest Physiotherapy in Infants Hospitalized with Acute Bronchiolitis: A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled...
This study provides an evaluation of chest physiotherapy with IET + AC in a large population of infants hospitalized for a first episode of bronchiolitis with time to recovery as the primary endpoint. In this seven-center trial, no evidence of any difference in time to recovery between the IET + AC group and the NS group was found, with no interaction with age group. The CIs around estimates of effect excluded a clinically meaningful difference in time to recovery between groups in the whole population.. Otherwise, there was no evidence of any difference in secondary outcomes between children with and without IET + AC except for vomiting and transient respiratory destabilization during the procedure. This significant difference of vomiting and respiratory destabilization frequency was expected and in accordance with our physiotherapistsexperiences. However, it is worth noting that these side effects of IET + AC were transient and resolved as soon as the procedure was interrupted. Although not ...
https://www.prolekare.cz/casopisy/plos-medicine/2010-9/effectiveness-of-chest-physiotherapy-in-infants-hospitalized-with-acute-bronchiolitis-a-multicenter-randomized-controlled-trial-44609
The therapeutic value of hypertonic saline in acute bronchiolitis remains unclear | BMJ Evidence-Based MedicineThe therapeutic value of hypertonic saline in acute bronchiolitis remains unclear | BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine
These RCTs were well designed, with low overall risk of bias, albeit with some imperfections. Wu and colleagues study was underpowered to detect a planned difference of 30% in admission rate or 24 h in LOS. There was no objective severity of illness criteria for inclusion, admission or discharge readiness, making clinician bias a potential issue. Florin and colleagues included a wide severity-of-illness range (Respiratory Distress Assessment Index (RDAI)4-15) and utilised the RACS (calculated using change in RDAI and respiratory rate), as short-term proxy outcome for need for hospitalisation. Their study was not powered for detection of a change in admission rate.. The RDAI has poor discriminative and construct validity in predicting hospitalisation and LOS in bronchiolitis, in part because it does not include respiratory rate or O2 saturation, both important variables for a clinician to determine disposition.3 Wu and colleagues reaffirm this limitation-although they reported no significant ...
https://ebm.bmj.com/content/20/1/24
BronchiolitisBronchiolitis
This episode covers the management of a child severe bronchiolitis needing intensive care support. This podcast is part of the Waiting for the Paediatric Retrieval Team series and the accompanying book chapter can be viewed by clicking on the link. ...
http://paediatricemergencies.podbean.com/e/bronchiolitis/
Haemophilus is overrepresented in the nasopharynx of infants hospitalized with RSV infection and associated with increased...Haemophilus is overrepresented in the nasopharynx of infants hospitalized with RSV infection and associated with increased...
Understanding why some children develop severe bronchiolitis while most children experience an upper respiratory tract infection upon RSV infection remains essential and needs to be answered to improve the care of RSV-infected children in the future. Where several previous studies focused on the microbial content involved in bronchiolitis, most notably by Hasegawa and coworkers, our study exclusively focused on RSV-implicated bronchiolitis [29, 30]. RSV disease severity is a multifactorial problem, in which the viral load and the inflammatory response are important drivers of disease, although this is mainly true in previously healthy children whose airways are normal [6, 7, 12]. An important question this study tried to answer is whether nasopharyngeal microbiome composition relates to local viral load and exerts an influence on mucosal immune responses. Viral load and mucosal immune responses are thought to directly impact disease severity, and therefore, it is difficult to disentangle these ...
https://microbiomejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40168-017-0395-y
Acute Bronchitis Archives | Journal of Urgent Care MedicineAcute Bronchitis Archives | Journal of Urgent Care Medicine
Evaluation of the Utility of Radiography in Acute Bronchiolitis Key point: Infants with typical bronchiolitis (clinically O2sat,92% and mild/moderate distress) do not need imaging. Citation: Schuh S, Lalani A, Allen U, et al. J Pediatr. 2007;150: 429-433. URL: http://sitemaker.umich.edu/emjournalclub/article_database/ da.data/1619753/PDF/bronchiolitis_xray_j_pediatrics.pdf The purpose of this study was to determine the proportion of radiographs inconsistent with bronchiolitis in children with typical presentation of bronchiolitis and to compare rates of intended antibiotic therapy before radiography versus those given …. Read More ...
https://www.jucm.com/tag/acute-bronchitis/
Bronchiolitis : kortademigheid bij zuigelingen = niet gelijk aan astma | Hjbuenodemesquita.jouwweb.nlBronchiolitis : kortademigheid bij zuigelingen = niet gelijk aan astma | Hjbuenodemesquita.jouwweb.nl
Bronchiolitis is a condition that can make infants alarmingly ill and breathless, and it tends to recur each time a child gets an upper respiratory virus in the first two years of life. When faced with a wheezy sounding baby or toddler breathing 60 times a minute, many doctors cannot resist the temptation to try a β adrenergic inhaler. But resist they should. The latest Cochrane review of bronchodilators for bronchiolitis concludes: Bronchodilators such as albuterol or salbutamol do not improve oxygen saturation, do not reduce hospital admission after outpatient treatment, do not shorten the duration of hospitalization and do not reduce the time to resolution of illness at home. (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2014;6:CD001266.)​ ...
http://hjbuenodemesquita.jouwweb.nl/bronchiolitis-kortademigheid-bij-zuigelingen-niet-gelijk-aan-astma
New AAP guidelines for bronchiolitis in infantsNew AAP guidelines for bronchiolitis in infants
The American Academy of Pediatrics Subcommittee on Bronchiolitis has published a new clinical practice guideline on diagnosing and managing bronchiolitis in infants aged 1 to 23 months.
https://www.contemporarypediatrics.com/view/new-aap-guidelines-bronchiolitis-infants
Bronchiolitis (for Parents) - The Barbara Bush Childrens HospitalBronchiolitis (for Parents) - The Barbara Bush Childrens Hospital
Bronchiolitis is a common illness of the respiratory tract caused by an infection that affects tiny airways. The best treatment for most kids with bronchiolitis is time to recover and plenty of fluids.
https://kidshealth.org/BarbaraBushChildrens/en/parents/bronchiolitis.html?WT.ac=ctg
Bronchiolitis And Asthma - Circle of MomsBronchiolitis And Asthma - Circle of Moms
Bronchiolitis and Asthma - My 4 mth old daughter has just spent 2 days in hospital with bronchiolitis and Ive been made aware that children... -...
http://www.circleofmoms.com/welcome-circle-moms/bronchiolitis-and-asthma-308271
Top Bronchiolitis Hospitals in Bangalore | CredihealthTop Bronchiolitis Hospitals in Bangalore | Credihealth
View details of top bronchiolitis hospitals in Bangalore. Get guidance from medical experts to select best bronchiolitis hospital in Bangalore
https://www.credihealth.com/hospitals/bangalore/bronchiolitis
Bronchiolitis causing childhood wheezing - RightDiagnosis.comBronchiolitis causing childhood wheezing - RightDiagnosis.com
List of disease causes of Bronchiolitis causing childhood wheezing, patient stories, diagnostic guides. Diagnostic checklist, medical tests, doctor questions, and related signs or symptoms for Bronchiolitis causing childhood wheezing.
http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/sym/bronchiolitis_causing_childhood_wheezing.htm
Bronchiolitis smokers in household - Tips and Tricks From DoctorsBronchiolitis smokers in household - Tips and Tricks From Doctors
Doctor answers on Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and More: Dr. Poinsett on bronchiolitis smokers in household: Cig smoking causes copd, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Asthma is one type of such disease, emphysema is another. Both components can be caused by smoking. Once you quit smoking, asthma component may get better. Emphysema is incurable. The sooner you quit, the more lung will be saved. Look up allen carrs book the easy way to stop smoking: great inexpensive method, works for many. for topic: Bronchiolitis Smokers In Household
https://www.healthtap.com/topics/bronchiolitis-smokers-in-household
Bronchiolitis Symptoms and Treatment | ParentsBronchiolitis Symptoms and Treatment | Parents
Bronchiolitis is caused when a virus infects small tubes in the lungs. Learn how to spot the symptoms of bronchiolitis, which are similar to those of common colds, to prevent and treat it.
https://www.parents.com/health/cough/bronchiolitis-symptoms-and-treatment/
What is Bronchiolitis?What is Bronchiolitis?
Bronchiolitis is defined as an acute inflammation of bronchioles in the lower respiratory tract that results in airway obstruction with accompanying progressive dyspnea and poor feeding. This condition is most commonly observed in children under 2 years of age, with a peak age between 2 and 6 months.
https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Bronchiolitis.aspx
Helium Proves Better Than Oxygen for Opening Airways of Infants With Bronchiolitis: Presented at AAP
Helium Proves Better Than Oxygen for Opening Airways of Infants With Bronchiolitis: Presented at AAP By Martha Kerr, BSN BOSTON, Mass -- October 16, 2008 -- D
http://aljuraisy.topgoo.net/t406-topic
Outcomes of Follow-up Visits After Bronchiolitis Hospitalizations | Pediatrics | JAMA Pediatrics | JAMA NetworkOutcomes of Follow-up Visits After Bronchiolitis Hospitalizations | Pediatrics | JAMA Pediatrics | JAMA Network
This survey study of families of children younger than 2 years discharged after hospitalization for bronchiolitis assesses the usefulness of routine outpatient
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2668644
Bronchiolitis: Diagnosis, Treatment and PreventionBronchiolitis: Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention
Bronchitis is inflammation of the large airways. Pneumonia is inflammation of the lung tissue. Bronchiolitis is inflammation of the smaller airways connecting the two.
https://www.drgreene.com/articles/bronchiolitis/?tid=72
DisGeNET - a database of gene-disease associations
When compared to children with each CC of TLR4 polymorphism or TT of CD14 polymorphism or GG of IL13 polymorphism and no past history of bronchiolitis, children with CT or TT of TLR4 polymorphism and past history of bronchiolitis had 4.23 and 5.34 times higher risk to develop asthma, respectively; children with TT of CD14 polymorphism and past history of bronchiolitis had 3.57 and 7.22 times higher risk for asthma, respectively; children with GA or AA of IL-13 polymorphism and past history of bronchiolitis had 3.21 and 4.13 times higher risk for asthma, respectively. ...
https://www.disgenet.org/browser/0/1/1/C0004096/source__ALL/_b./
Kirkby Malzeard & Masham Surgeries - Library - Health A-ZKirkby Malzeard & Masham Surgeries - Library - Health A-Z
There may be a link between bronchiolitis and developing respiratory conditions such as asthma in later life. However, the link isnt fully understood. Its not clear whether having bronchiolitis as an infant increases your risk of developing asthma later in life, or whether there are environmental or genetic (inherited) factors that cause both bronchiolitis and asthma. If your child has repeated bouts of bronchiolitis, their risk of developing asthma later in life may be increased. ...
http://www.kirkbyandmashamsurgeries.co.uk/Library/Conditions/Articles/bronchiolitis/complications
NHS website
There may be a link between bronchiolitis and developing respiratory conditions such as asthma in later life. But the link is not fully understood. Its not clear whether having bronchiolitis as an infant increases your risk of developing asthma later in life, or whether there are environmental or genetic (inherited) factors that cause both bronchiolitis and asthma. If your child has repeated bouts of bronchiolitis, their risk of developing asthma later in life may be increased.. ...
https://api-bridge.azurewebsites.net/conditions/?uid=bWlrZUB3ZWJhZG9yZS5jb20=&category=O&p=bronchiolitis&p=bronchiolitis/treatment&p=bronchiolitis/causes&p=bronchiolitis/complications
Bronchiolitis: Practice Essentials, Background, PathophysiologyBronchiolitis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
Bronchiolitis is an acute inflammatory injury of the bronchioles that is usually caused by a viral infection. Although it may occur in persons of any age, severe symptoms are usually only evident in young infants; the larger airways of older children and adults better accommodate mucosal edema.
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/961963-overview
Bronchiolitis - PhysiopediaBronchiolitis - Physiopedia
Bronchiolitis typically affects infants and children under 2 years old[1] but it can also affect people of any age. It also has a seasonal predilection, with more infections during the winter.[1]
https://www.physio-pedia.com/Bronchiolitis
Bronchiolitis - Welcome to our website Dr.S.BoopathiWelcome to our website Dr.S.BoopathiBronchiolitis - Welcome to our website Dr.S.BoopathiWelcome to our website Dr.S.Boopathi
Early symptoms are similar to that of a viral infection with runny nose, cough and fever. Nearly half of them get better and the rest get worse with cough, breathing difficulties, poor feeding, Cyanosis(blue around the lips due to lack of oxygen), and very rarely apneas(stopping of breathing).. Please contact your doctor if symptoms arent improving and worsens with any of the above. In a typical child Bronchiolitis gets worse by day 3-4 before they get better.. ...
https://drboopathi.com/medical-problems/bronchiolitis/
Diagnosis and management of bronchiolitis | BJFM
Following publication earlier this year of NICE guidance on the diagnosis and management of bronchiolitis, the authors consider the implications, treatment
https://www.bjfm.co.uk/diagnosis-and-management-of-bronchiolitis
Bronchiolitis Page 1Bronchiolitis Page 1
Hep-2 cells (ATCC CCL-23) may be used to propagate the human respiratory syncitial virus (ATCC VR-1540) that causes bronchiolitis
https://atcc.org/en/Products/Cells_and_Microorganisms/By_Disease__Model/Respiratory/Bronchiolitis.aspx
Bronchiolitis in babies | NCTBronchiolitis in babies | NCT
Bronchiolitis is a common type of chest infection so its best to know about it. Here we talk about its symptoms, treatment and how to prevent it.
https://www.nct.org.uk/baby-toddler/your-babys-health/common-illnesses/bronchiolitis-babies
Wheezing-Infant | Shaker Heights, Solon, OH | Suburban PediatricsWheezing-Infant | Shaker Heights, Solon, OH | Suburban Pediatrics
Since these respiratory viruses, especially RSV, produce so much illness in young children and are a major cause of medical visits and costs, much research currently is underway. This research is focused on developing effective vaccines to prevent RSV and to prevent infection with some of the other respiratory viruses, such as the parainfluenza and influenza viruses. Although a number of vaccines for the prevention of RSV have been tested in clinical trials, they have yet to be approved for general use. A number of vaccines, which contain live, but weakened, or inactive parts of the virus, appear promising and are being tested further. In addition, a number of antiviral drugs are being developed and tested for both preventing and treating the viruses that cause bronchiolitis. top. References Gruber WC: Bronchiolitis: In Long SS, Pickering LK, Prober CG, eds. Principles and Practices of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 2nd edition, 1997: 246. * Hall CB, Hall WJ: Bronchiolitis. In: Mandell GL, ...
http://suburbanpeds.rainbowbabies.org/Parent-Resources/Medical-Conditions/Wheezing-Infant.aspx
Medical Conditions | Berkeley Pediatrics
Since these respiratory viruses, especially RSV, produce so much illness in young children and are a major cause of medical visits and costs, much research currently is underway. This research is focused on developing effective vaccines to prevent RSV and to prevent infection with some of the other respiratory viruses, such as the parainfluenza and influenza viruses. Although a number of vaccines for the prevention of RSV have been tested in clinical trials, they have yet to be approved for general use. A number of vaccines, which contain live, but weakened, or inactive parts of the virus, appear promising and are being tested further. In addition, a number of antiviral drugs are being developed and tested for both preventing and treating the viruses that cause bronchiolitis.. top. References. Gruber WC: Bronchiolitis: In Long SS, Pickering LK, Prober CG, eds. Principles and Practices of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 2nd edition, 1997: 246.. * Hall CB, Hall WJ: Bronchiolitis. In: Mandell GL, ...
http://berkeleypediatrics.com/health-information/pediatric-web/MedicalConditions?tArticleId=104
Medical Conditions | Berkeley Pediatrics
Since these respiratory viruses, especially RSV, produce so much illness in young children and are a major cause of medical visits and costs, much research currently is underway. This research is focused on developing effective vaccines to prevent RSV and to prevent infection with some of the other respiratory viruses, such as the parainfluenza and influenza viruses. Although a number of vaccines for the prevention of RSV have been tested in clinical trials, they have yet to be approved for general use. A number of vaccines, which contain live, but weakened, or inactive parts of the virus, appear promising and are being tested further. In addition, a number of antiviral drugs are being developed and tested for both preventing and treating the viruses that cause bronchiolitis. top. References Gruber WC: Bronchiolitis: In Long SS, Pickering LK, Prober CG, eds. Principles and Practices of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 2nd edition, 1997: 246. * Hall CB, Hall WJ: Bronchiolitis. In: Mandell GL, ...
http://berkeleypediatrics.com/health-information/pediatric-web/MedicalConditions?tArticleId=141
dehydration - ercast.org
It is bronchiolitis season my friends. Even I have a bit of the URI. When were talking bronchiolitis, the conversation is almost always about: do steroids or bronchodilators work, what to do with a touch of hypoxia. Important conversations to be sure, but the highest yield pearl I have ever received about bronchiolitis (or any …. ...
http://blog.ercast.org/tag/dehydration/
BronchiolitisBronchiolitis
... is inflammation of the small airways in the lungs. Acute bronchiolitis is due to a viral infection usually ... Hancock, DG; Charles-Britton, B; Dixon, DL; Forsyth, KD (September 2017). "The heterogeneity of viral bronchiolitis: A lack of ... Caballero, Mauricio T.; Polack, Fernando P.; Stein, Renato T. (1 November 2017). "Viral bronchiolitis in young infants: new ... Bronchiolitis accounts for 3% of emergency department visits for children under 2 years old. Bronchiolitis is the most frequent ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchiolitis
BronchitisBronchitis
In more than 90% of cases the cause is a viral infection. These viruses may be spread through the air when people cough or by ... Other causes of similar symptoms include asthma, pneumonia, bronchiolitis, bronchiectasis, and COPD. A chest X-ray may be ... In more than 90% of cases, the cause is a viral infection. These viruses may spread through the air when people cough or by ... The color of the sputum does not indicate if the infection is viral or bacterial. Determining the underlying organism is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchitis
Acute bronchitisAcute bronchitis
In more than 90% of cases, the cause is a viral infection. These viruses may be spread through the air when people cough or by ... Other causes of similar symptoms include asthma, pneumonia, bronchiolitis, bronchiectasis, and COPD. A chest X-ray may be ... The color of the sputum does not indicate if the infection is viral or bacterial. Determining the underlying organism is ... Calling acute bronchitis with benign-sounding labels such as chest cold or viral infections may reduce antibiotic usage by ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_bronchitis
Frank LoVecchioFrank LoVecchio
2012). Prospective multicenter study of viral etiology and hospital length of stay in children with severe bronchiolitis. ... "Prospective Multicenter Study of Viral Etiology and Hospital Length of Stay in Children With Severe Bronchiolitis". JAMA ... for acute bronchiolitis. He determined that RSV was more frequently detected virus in children hospitalized with bronchiolitis ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_LoVecchio
Fifth diseaseFifth disease
Replication of viral genome and release of virus from infected cells lead to various complex effects on host's cellular ... November 2014). "Clinical practice guideline: the diagnosis, management, and prevention of bronchiolitis". Pediatrics. 134 (5 ... Infection by parvovirus B19 can also be confirmed by isolation of viral DNA detected by PCR or direct hybridization. PCR Is ... Fifth Disease is a viral illness caused by Parvovirus B19. The illness is very common and self-limiting. The modes of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifth_disease
AdenoviridaeAdenoviridae
... viral gene expression can occur, without integrating the viral genome into host cell chromosomes, and new virus particles can ... Some children (especially the youngest) can develop adenovirus bronchiolitis or pneumonia, both of which can be severe. In ... Viral DNA is subsequently released, which can enter the nucleus via the nuclear pore. After this the DNA associates with ... The viral DNA polymerase then uses a strand displacement mechanism, as opposed to the conventional Okazaki fragments used in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenoviridae
DA2PPC vaccineDA2PPC vaccine
... viral disease kennel cough. This is an upper respiratory disease most associated with bronchitis and bronchiolitis (swelling of ... The parainfluenza virus is one of the many canine viral strains that can cause kennel cough. The disease is passed from dog-to- ... This disease is a fatal viral illness that causes neurologic dysfunction, pneumonia, nonspecific systemic symptoms such as ... is a DNA viral upper respiratory infection contracted through contact of a mucous membrane. Symptoms include: vomiting, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DA2PPC_vaccine
Post-viral coughPost-viral cough
Asthma Bronchiolitis Cough medicine Globus pharyngis Kastelik JA, Aziz I, Ojoo JC, Thompson RH, Redington AE, Morice AH ( ... A post-viral cough is a lingering cough that follows a viral respiratory tract infection, such as a common cold or flu and ... Post-viral cough can be resistant to treatment, and usually goes away on its own; however, cough suppressants containing ... Post-viral cough is a clinically recognized condition represented within the European medical literature. Patients usually ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-viral_cough
Bronchiolitis obliteransBronchiolitis obliterans
Generally occurs after a viral infection of adenovirus (types 3, 7, and 21), measles (rubeola), mycoplasma, CMV, influenza, and ... Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO), also known as obliterative bronchiolitis, constrictive bronchiolitis and popcorn lung, is a ... Bronchiolitis obliterans when it occurs following a lung transplant is known as bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS). BOS is ... There are many industrial inhalants that are known to cause various types of bronchiolitis, including bronchiolitis obliterans ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchiolitis_obliterans
Asthma-related microbesAsthma-related microbes
In contrast, VP4 is located inside the virus and its function is to anchor the RNA core to the viral capsid. While sharing ... HRV on the other hand is an important cause of bronchiolitis and is strongly associated with asthma development. In children ... These viral respiratory infections are mostly caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human rhinovirus (HRV). Although ... Furthermore, children who experience severe viral respiratory infections early in life have a high possibility of having asthma ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma-related_microbes
Interleukin 8Interleukin 8
IL-8 is believed to play a role in the pathogenesis of bronchiolitis, a common respiratory tract disease caused by viral ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_8
Respiratory syncytial virusRespiratory syncytial virus
... such as bronchiolitis, viral pneumonia, or croup. Infants are at the highest risk of disease progression. Bronchiolitis is a ... Following fusion of the viral and host cell membranes, the viral nucleocapsid (containing the viral genome) and the associated ... as well as syncytium formation between viral particles. Its sequence is highly conserved between strains. While viral ... In traditional viral culture, a sample of the virus is introduced to different cell lines and allowed to replicate so it can be ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_syncytial_virus
InfluenzaInfluenza
The viral life cycle begins by binding to a target cell. Binding is mediated by the viral HA proteins on the surface of the ... Other respiratory complications that may occur include sinusitis, bronchitis, bronchiolitis, excess fluid buildup in the lungs ... The viral genome is incorporated inside a viral envelope derived from portions of the cell membrane that have HA, NA, and M2 ... Newly synthesized viral polymerase subunits and NP proteins are imported to the nucleus to further increase the rate of viral ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza
Jack Henderson (artist)Jack Henderson (artist)
After his idea (which he titled Jack Draws Anything) and website went viral he gained a lot of attention and picture requests. ... to raise money for the Sick Kids Hospital in Edinburgh where his youngest brother Noah regularly attended with bronchiolitis. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Henderson_(artist)
Epinephrine (medication)Epinephrine (medication)
There is a lack of consensus as to whether inhaled nebulized epinephrine is beneficial in the treatment of bronchiolitis, with ... Malhotra A, Krilov LR (January 2001). "Viral croup". Pediatrics in Review. 22 (1): 5-12. doi:10.1542/pir.22-1-5. PMID 11139641 ... Everard ML (February 2009). "Acute bronchiolitis and croup". Pediatric Clinics of North America. 56 (1): 119-33, x-xi. doi: ... "A Systematic Review of Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Bronchiolitis". J. Infect. Dis. 222 ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epinephrine_(medication)
Canine distemperCanine distemper
The viral infection can be accompanied by secondary bacterial infections and can present eventual serious neurological symptoms ... and bronchiolitis in humans). The disease is highly contagious via inhalation. Morbidity and mortality may vary greatly among ... Canine distemper virus (CDV) (sometimes termed footpad disease) is a viral disease that affects a wide variety of mammal ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canine_distemper
Reactive airway diseaseReactive airway disease
Asthma and viral bronchiolitis can also be nearly identical to each other when presented in very young children, since they ... Bronchiolitis Fahy, John V.; O'Byrne, Paul M. (2001-03-15). "'Reactive Airways Disease'. A lazy term of uncertain meaning that ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactive_airway_disease
Unnecessary health careUnnecessary health care
... regions with high levels had higher death rates Antibiotic use for viral or self-limiting infections (an overmedication that ... and overdiagnosis of hypoxemia among children recovering from bronchiolitis. Hospitalizations for those with chronic conditions ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unnecessary_health_care
List of types of inflammation by locationList of types of inflammation by location
Enteritis Duodenitis Jejunitis Ileitis Colitis Pancolitis Appendicitis Cryptitis Proctitis Diverticulitis Hepatitis Viral ... Phlebitis Capillaritis Aortitis Sinusitis Rhinitis Pharyngitis Epiglottitis Laryngitis Tracheitis Bronchitis Bronchiolitis ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_types_of_inflammation_by_location
2019-2020 vaping lung illness outbreak2019-2020 vaping lung illness outbreak
He initially showed symptoms aligning with bronchiolitis (lung condition normally caused by a bacterial or viral infection), ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019–2020_vaping_lung_illness_outbreak
List of MeSH codes (C08)List of MeSH codes (C08)
... bronchiolitis MeSH C08.730.099.135.321 - bronchiolitis, viral MeSH C08.730.099.567 - bronchitis, chronic MeSH C08.730.265.320 ... bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia MeSH C08.381.495.146.135.321 - bronchiolitis, viral MeSH C08.381.495.146.567 - ... bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia MeSH C08.127.446.135.321 - bronchiolitis, viral MeSH C08.127.446.567 - bronchitis ... bronchiolitis obliterans MeSH C08.381.483.187.200 - bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia MeSH C08.381.483.250 - ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(C08)
Neonatal sepsisNeonatal sepsis
Except in the case of obvious acute viral bronchiolitis, the current practice in newborns less than 30 days old is to perform a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neonatal_sepsis
Equid alphaherpesvirus 4Equid alphaherpesvirus 4
bronchiolitis or pneumonia); Increasing the duration, severity and the mortality of the disease. EHV-4 rarely causes abortion ... The Equine Herpesvirus occupies the horse in such a way that allows post infection viral persistency over the lifetime of an ... It is the most important viral cause of respiratory infection in foals. Like other herpes viruses, EHV-4 causes a lifelong ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equid_alphaherpesvirus_4
Diffuse panbronchiolitisDiffuse panbronchiolitis
... additional forms of primary bronchiolitis include bronchiolitis obliterans, follicular bronchiolitis, respiratory bronchiolitis ... the emergence of a new viral or bacterial infection, in addition to the currently occurring infection) by P. aeruginosa. DPB ... DPB and bronchiolitis obliterans are two forms of primary bronchiolitis. Specific overlapping features of both diseases include ... DPB is classified as a form of "primary bronchiolitis", which means that the underlying cause of bronchiolitis is originating ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffuse_panbronchiolitis
Human metapneumovirusHuman metapneumovirus
"Human metapneumovirus bronchiolitis in infancy is an important risk factor for asthma at age 5". Pediatric Pulmonology. 42 (5 ... "Prevalence of viral respiratory tract infections in children with asthma". Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 119 (2 ... Viral Infectivity, and Pathogenesis". Journal of Virology. 88 (8): 4338-4352. doi:10.1128/JVI.03491-13. PMC 3993731. PMID ... then mediates fusion of the cell membrane and viral envelope in a pH-independent fashion, likely within endosomes. The ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_metapneumovirus
Human parainfluenza virusesHuman parainfluenza viruses
... forming the viral proteins from the viral mRNA. Towards the end of the process, (after the formation of the viral proteins) the ... HPIV-3 has been closely associated with bronchiolitis and pneumonia and principally targets those aged ... Viral RNA (vRNA) is initially associated with nucleoprotein (NP), phosphoprotein (P) and the large protein (L). The ... Furthermore, the fusion (F) protein is important in aiding the fusion of the host and viral cellular membranes, eventually ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_parainfluenza_viruses
Human coronavirus NL63Human coronavirus NL63
Viral culture or blood serum testing for antibodies may also be used for the confirmation of infection. The United States ... croup and bronchiolitis. The virus is found primarily in young children, the elderly, and immunocompromised patients with acute ... This type of infection is the direct result of the viral invasion of the mucosal lining of the intestines. The role of HCoV- ... Recombinant viruses can arise when two viral genomes are present in the same host cell. The first cases of the infection with ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_coronavirus_NL63
ParamyxoviridaeParamyxoviridae
Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by viral attachment to host cell. Replication and ... HPIV-3 is associated with bronchiolitis, bronchitis, and pneumonia. HPIV-4 is less common than the other types, and is known to ... demonstrating a vast host range and great viral genetic diversity. As molecular technology advances and viral surveillance ... If the viral genome follows a multiple promoter model, the level inhibition of transcription should correlate with the length ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramyxoviridae
Human bocavirusHuman bocavirus
Expression of the viral proteins alone does not cause host cell death. unlike other parvoviruses where this has been examined. ... and bronchiolitis (30%) being the most common ultimate diagnoses. HBoV1 has been generally associated with respiratory symptoms ... A viral noncoding RNA of 140 nucleotides, named as bocavirus-encoded small RNA (BocaSR), is expressed from the 3' noncoding ... Other parvoviruses replicate only when the host cell is in S phase: viral replication results in the death of the host cell. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_bocavirus
List of ICD-9 codes 460-519: diseases of the respiratory systemList of ICD-9 codes 460-519: diseases of the respiratory system
NOS 466 Acute bronchitis and bronchiolitis 466.0 Bronchitis, acute 466.11 Bronchiolitis, acute, due to RSV 470 Deviated nasal ... 478 Other diseases of upper respiratory tract 478.1 Abscess/ulcer of nose 480 Viral pneumonia 480.31 Pneumonia, SARS associated ... coronavirus 480.9 Pneumonia, viral, unspec. 481 Pneumococcal pneumonia 482 Other bacterial pneumonia 482.9 Pneumonia, bacterial ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ICD-9_codes_460–519:_diseases_of_the_respiratory_system
PneumonitisPneumonitis
Viral infection. Measles can cause severe pneumonitis, and ribavirin has been proposed as a possible treatment. CMV is another ... The presence of bronchocentric lymphohistiocytic interstitial pneumonia with chronic bronchiolitis and non-necrotising ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumonitis
Nitrogen dioxide poisoningNitrogen dioxide poisoning
Meanwhile, proliferative bronchiolitis is a secondary effect of nitrogen dioxide poisoning. The EPA have some regulations and ... The symptoms also resembles that of pneumonia or viral infection and other inhalational injuries but common symptoms includes ... In a case where gaseous exchange is impaired, mechanical ventilation and intubation may be necessary and if bronchiolitis ... Meanwhile, permanent mild dysfunction may result from bronchiolitis obliterans and could manifest as abnormal flow at 50 to 70 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen_dioxide_poisoning
TracheaTrachea
The trachea can be affected by inflammation or infection, usually as a result of a viral illness affecting other parts of the ... Tristram D (2019). "Laryngitis, Tracheitis, Epiglottitis, and Bronchiolitis". Introduction to Clinical Infectious Diseases: A ... It is usually caused by viral infections, with bacterial infections occurring almost entirely in children. Most commonly, ... although they are often associated with a recent viral infection. Viruses that cause croup are generally the parainfluenza ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trachea
Chronic coughChronic cough
Causes typically diagnosed include viral bronchitis, post-infectious cough, cough-variant asthma, upper airway cough syndrome, ... Other notable rare causes include aspiration, bronchiectasis, bronchiolitis, cystic fibrosis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, lung ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_cough
Common coldCommon cold
... and low humidity causing an increase in viral transmission rates, perhaps due to dry air allowing small viral droplets to ... "Bronchiolitis: Symptoms and Causes". Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 3 May 2022. Eccles p. 209 "Zinc - Fact Sheet for Health ... Isolation of the viral agent involved is rarely performed, and it is generally not possible to identify the virus type through ... eds.). Viral Infections and Treatment. New York: CRC Press. p. 111. ISBN 978-0-8247-4247-8. Archived from the original on 4 May ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_cold
COVID-19 pandemic in ArgentinaCOVID-19 pandemic in Argentina
It ran daily from 1-6 a.m., and was intended to reduce the viral circulation. The first case from the lineage B.1.1.7 of the ... 24,643 cases of bronchiolitis in children under 2 years (down 84% versus the same period in 2019), and 9,495 cases of severe ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Argentina
Antibiotic misuseAntibiotic misuse
Viral conjunctivitis should not be treated with antibiotics. Antibiotics should only be used with confirmation that a patient ... which cites American Academy of Pediatrics Subcommittee on Diagnosis and Management of Bronchiolitis (2006). "Diagnosis and ... Most cases of bronchitis (90-95%) are viral as well, passing after a few weeks-the use of antibiotics against bronchitis is ... If you take an antibiotic when you have a viral infection, the antibiotic attacks bacteria in your body, bacteria that are ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibiotic_misuse
CiclosporinCiclosporin
... in Lung Transplant and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients for the Treatment of Bronchiolitis Obliterans" at ... and an increased vulnerability to opportunistic fungal and viral infections. Ciclosporin causes hypertension by inducing ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciclosporin
Lung transplantationLung transplantation
Such chronic rejection presents itself as bronchiolitis obliterans, or less frequently, atherosclerosis. These statistics are ... and individuals with HIV who can be stabilized and can have a low HIV viral load may be eligible; No alcohol, smoking, or drug ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lung_transplantation
Continuing respiratory problems three and a half years after acute viral bronchiolitis. | Archives of Disease in ChildhoodContinuing respiratory problems three and a half years after acute viral bronchiolitis. | Archives of Disease in Childhood
Continuing respiratory problems three and a half years after acute viral bronchiolitis. ... Continuing respiratory problems three and a half years after acute viral bronchiolitis. ... Continuing respiratory problems three and a half years after acute viral bronchiolitis. ...
https://adc.bmj.com/content/60/11/1064.info
Bronchiolitis Workup: Approach Considerations, WBC Count and Differential, Sepsis WorkupBronchiolitis Workup: Approach Considerations, WBC Count and Differential, Sepsis Workup
Bronchiolitis is an acute inflammatory injury of the bronchioles that is usually caused by a viral infection. Although it may ... Nebulized hypertonic saline in the treatment of viral bronchiolitis in infants. J Pediatr. 2007 Sep. 151(3):266-70, 270.e1. [ ... Viral Testing. When viral testing is performed, RSV is the most commonly isolated organism (26-95%). Such testing is frequently ... Nutritional status, breastfeeding, and evolution of Infants with acute viral bronchiolitis. J Health Popul Nutr. 2007 Sep. 25(3 ...
https://www.medscape.com/answers/961963-36404/what-are-the-risk-factors-for-concurrent-bacteremia-in-bronchiolitis
IMSEAR at SEARO: Nutritional status, breastfeeding, and evolution of Infants with acute viral bronchiolitis.
Acute viral bronchiolitis is a common respiratory infectious disease of infancy. A prospective study was carried out with 175 ... Nutritional status, breastfeeding, and evolution of Infants with acute viral bronchiolitis.. Authors: Dornelles, Cristina T L. ... Nutritional status, breastfeeding, and evolution of Infants with acute viral bronchiolitis. Journal of Health, Population, and ... The nutritional status did not affect the clinical course of previously-healthy infants with acute viral brochiolitis. The ...
https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/620
Bronchiolitis: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaBronchiolitis: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
It is usually due to a viral infection. ... Bronchiolitis is swelling and mucus buildup in the smallest air ... Bronchiolitis occurs more often in the fall and winter than other times of the year. It is a very common reason for infants to ... Bronchiolitis usually affects children under the age of 2, with a peak age of 3 to 6 months. It is a common, and sometimes ... Bronchiolitis is swelling and mucus buildup in the smallest air passages in the lungs (bronchioles). It is usually due to a ...
https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000975.htm
Environmental Triggers of Asthma: Differential Diagnosis of Asthma | Environmental Medicine | ATSDREnvironmental Triggers of Asthma: Differential Diagnosis of Asthma | Environmental Medicine | ATSDR
... including viral bronchiolitis. Coughing and wheezing in bronchiolitis is difficult to distinguish from asthma. The differential ...
https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/csem/asthma/differential_diagnosis_of_asthma.html
Bronchiolitis Medication: Alpha/Beta Agonists, Monoclonal Antibodies, Antibiotics, Other, Antiviral, Other, Decongestant,...Bronchiolitis Medication: Alpha/Beta Agonists, Monoclonal Antibodies, Antibiotics, Other, Antiviral, Other, Decongestant,...
Bronchiolitis is an acute inflammatory injury of the bronchioles that is usually caused by a viral infection. Although it may ... Nebulized hypertonic saline in the treatment of viral bronchiolitis in infants. J Pediatr. 2007 Sep. 151(3):266-70, 270.e1. [ ... Nutritional status, breastfeeding, and evolution of Infants with acute viral bronchiolitis. J Health Popul Nutr. 2007 Sep. 25(3 ... Prospective multicenter study of viral etiology and hospital length of stay in children with severe bronchiolitis. Arch Pediatr ...
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/961963-medication
Advanced Search Results - Public Health Image Library(PHIL)Advanced Search Results - Public Health Image Library(PHIL)
Categories: Bronchiolitis, Viral Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, ...
https://phil.cdc.gov/AdvancedSearchResults.aspx?Search=Bronchiolitis,+Viral&parentid=27092&catid=4905
Viral Bronchiolitis Quiz | Check Symptoms, Causes, Signs & TreatmentViral Bronchiolitis Quiz | Check Symptoms, Causes, Signs & Treatment
Viral Bronchiolitis Quiz - Check Symptoms, Causes, Signs & Treatment with quiz for free, 3-min Free Symptom Checker ... Viral bronchiolitis in young infants: new perspectives for management and treatment. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2017 Nov-Dec;93 Suppl 1 ... viral bronchiolitis. This condition usually lasts two to three weeks. Supportive care and careful monitoring for breathlessness ... Viral Bronchiolitis in Children. N Engl J Med. 2016 Jan 7;374(1):62-72. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1413456. PMID: 26735994. ...
https://ubiehealth.com/diseases/viral-bronchiolitis
Viral Infections | Deccan ChronicleViral Infections | Deccan Chronicle
Rain ups acute bronchiolitis cases. The incidence is more among premature babies, with a pre-existing heart and/or lung disease ...
https://www.deccanchronicle.com/amp/content/tags/viral-infections
Respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in infancy is an important risk factor for asthma and allergy at age 7Respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in infancy is an important risk factor for asthma and allergy at age 7
... bronchiolitis in infancy compared with 93 matched control subjects recruited during infancy. The aims of the present … ... Respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in infancy is an important risk factor for asthma and allergy at age 7 Am J Respir ... bronchiolitis in infancy compared with 93 matched control subjects recruited during infancy. The aims of the present study were ... RSV bronchiolitis in infancy severe enough to cause hospitalization was highly associatied with the development of asthma and ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10806145/?dopt=Abstract
symptomviewer - HealthyChildren.orgsymptomviewer - HealthyChildren.org
Bronchiolitis. A viral infection of the smallest airways in the lungs. Wheezing during the first 2 years of life is often ... Croup. A viral infection of the voice box and windpipe. Main symptoms are a barky cough and hoarse voice. Some children with ... caused by bronchiolitis. Main symptoms are fast breathing and wheezing.. * ...
https://www.healthychildren.org/English/tips-tools/symptom-checker/Pages/symptomviewer.aspx?symptom=Trouble+Breathing
Benchmarking of Viral Bronchiolitis Management by General Practitioners in the United Kingdom - Department of Paediatrics
There was wide variation in the management of infants with viral bronchiolitis by UK GPs. Most infants with viral bronchiolitis ... to assess their management of infants with viral bronchiolitis. We measured practice before the 2015 NICE bronchiolitis ... Results: 39% of GPs did not refer to any guideline to manage infants with bronchiolitis, 33% did not routinely measure oxygen ... Up to 75% of GPs management did not conform to the newly published 2015 NICE bronchiolitis guideline prior to its publication ...
https://www.paediatrics.ox.ac.uk/publications/702514?f366f2b2-6e11-11ed-a14e-0af5363e0cfc
Portal LIS - Localizador de Informação em SaúdePortal LIS - Localizador de Informação em Saúde
Bronchiolitis, Bronchiolitis, Viral, Child Health, Respiratory Tract Diseases Saiba como prevenir transmissão de gripe em ...
https://bvsalud.org/portal-lis/en/lis-search?q=source_type%3Ablogs&filter=descriptor%3A%22Sa%C3%BAde+da+Crian%C3%A7a%22
Acute viral bronchiolitis in the setting of extensive family history of asthmaAcute viral bronchiolitis in the setting of extensive family history of asthma
... describes a previously healthy eleven-month old ex-preterm female with a severe presentation of acute viral bronchiolitis with ... Acute viral bronchiolitis in the setting of extensive family history of asthma. Wednesday, April 30th, 2014 ... The link between viral bronchiolitis and asthma has always been controversial despite extensive research. Several studies have ... In summary, this was a case of severe viral bronchiolitis warranting ICU admission for supportive management, on a background ...
http://www.amsj.org/archives/3369
Bronchiolitis Guidelines: Guidelines SummaryBronchiolitis Guidelines: Guidelines Summary
Bronchiolitis is an acute inflammatory injury of the bronchioles that is usually caused by a viral infection. Although it may ... Nebulized hypertonic saline in the treatment of viral bronchiolitis in infants. J Pediatr. 2007 Sep. 151(3):266-70, 270.e1. [ ... Nutritional status, breastfeeding, and evolution of Infants with acute viral bronchiolitis. J Health Popul Nutr. 2007 Sep. 25(3 ... Prospective multicenter study of viral etiology and hospital length of stay in children with severe bronchiolitis. Arch Pediatr ...
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/961963-guidelines
Respiratory status and allergy nine to 10 years after acute bronchiolitis | Archives of Disease in ChildhoodRespiratory status and allergy nine to 10 years after acute bronchiolitis | Archives of Disease in Childhood
1985) Continuing respiratory problems three and a half years after acute viral bronchiolitis. Arch Dis Child 60:1064-1067. ... 1989) Childhood asthma following hospitalisation with acute viral bronchiolitis in infancy. Pediatr Pulmonol 7:153-158. ... 1971) The relationship between proved viral bronchiolitis and subsequent wheezing. J Pediatr 79:744-747. ... Those who had a history of admission to hospital for bronchiolitis or an illness suggestive of bronchiolitis requiring a visit ...
https://adc.bmj.com/content/76/4/315?ijkey=556334501fea8f1f018cccd8892d1c9caeaa0619&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Are Infants Really Obligatory Nasal Breathers? | Semantic ScholarAre Infants Really Obligatory Nasal Breathers? | Semantic Scholar
Physiologic Effects of Nasal Aspiration and Nasopharyngeal Suctioning on Infants With Viral Bronchiolitis. *Coral N. Ringer, ... Infants with viral bronchiolitis appeared to tolerate both suctioning techniques without adverse short-term physiologic effects ...
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Are-Infants-Really-Obligatory-Nasal-Breathers-Bergeson-Shaw/720c30874cc69db901b9d8f1d3ca51a842af2b49
Kids coughs: How to know when to go to the doctorKids' coughs: How to know when to go to the doctor
Bronchiolitis. Sounds like rapid breathing and wheezy exhalation. This kids cough is caused by a viral infection. It sounds ...
https://www.todaysparent.com/toddler/kids-coughs-how-to-tell-when-its-serious/
viral infection | Thoraxviral infection | Thorax
Deciphering clinical phenotypes in acute viral lower respiratory tract infection: Bronchiolitis is not an island Steve ... A clustering approach to identify severe bronchiolitis profiles in children Orianne Dumas, Jonathan M Mansbach, Tuomas Jartti, ... Viral and host factors determine innate immune responses in airway epithelial cells from children with wheeze and atopy Kirsten ... Innate immunity in paediatric viral wheezers is virus specific and not interferon dependent Sejal Saglani ...
https://thorax.bmj.com/keyword/viral-infection?page=8
Asthma Differential DiagnosisAsthma Differential Diagnosis
Viral Bronchiolitis. *Bronchiolitis Obliterans. *Cystic Fibrosis. *Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. *Congenital Heart Disease. * ...
https://fpnotebook.com/mobile/Lung/Asthma/AsthmDfrntlDgns.htm
Clinical Practice Guidelines : Immigrant health - acute presentationsClinical Practice Guidelines : Immigrant health - acute presentations
Viral RTI Pneumonia, Asthma Bronchiolitis Croup *Pertussis: vaccination may not have been available in country of origin ...
https://www.rch.org.au/clinicalguide/guideline_index/Immigrant_Health_acute_presentations/
WHO EMRO | Characteristics of severe acute respiratory infectionassociated hospitalization in Yemen, 2014/15 | Volume 22, issue...
Al-Shehri MA, Sadeq A, Quli K. Bronchiolitis in Abha, Southwest Saudi Arabia: viral etiology and predictors for hospital ... The most frequent viral pathogen in patients with SARI was RSV, followed by adenovirus and influenza viruses H3N2 and H1N1, as ... In this study, infection with SARI occurred throughout the year, as in the United Arab Emirates (3), while in India, viral ... Tregoning JS, Schwarze J. Respiratory viral infections in infants: causes, clinical symptoms, virology, and immunology. Clin ...
https://www.emro.who.int/fr/emhj-volume-22-2016/volume-22-issue-7/characteristics-of-severe-acute-respiratory-infectionassociated-hospitalization-in-yemen-201415.html
Plasma proteomic profiling suggests an association between antigen driven clonal B cell expansion and ME/CFS | PLOS ONEPlasma proteomic profiling suggests an association between antigen driven clonal B cell expansion and ME/CFS | PLOS ONE
Serum LL-37 Levels Associated With Severity of Bronchiolitis and Viral Etiology. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am. ... as well as anti-viral and anti-fungal properties [57]. Serum levels are increased during both bacterial and viral infections [ ... Its expression in the gut is regulated by exposure to bacterial and viral products from both the microbiota and pathogens [92 ...
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0236148
Frontiers | Soluble Mediators Regulating Immunity in Early LifeFrontiers | Soluble Mediators Regulating Immunity in Early Life
Serum cathelicidin level is associated with viral etiology and severity of bronchiolitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol (2012) 130(4): ... Klein SL, Jedlicka A, Pekosz A. The Xs and Y of immune responses to viral vaccines. Lancet Infect Dis (2010) 10(5):338-49. doi: ... Inhibition of vaccine efficacy by MatAbs is particularly evident with live viral vaccines such as measles or respiratory ... associated with increased severity of acute respiratory infection in children aged 0-24 months presenting with bronchiolitis ( ...
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2014.00457/full
Wheezing - SmartEngage
Swelling and mucus buildup in the smallest air passages in the lungs (bronchiolitis) Bronchiolitis. Bronchiolitis is swelling ... and mucus buildup in the smallest air passages in the lungs (bronchioles). It is usually due to a viral infection.... ... Wheezing, bronchiolitis, and bronchitis. In: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson ... Sibilant rhonchi; Wheezing asthma; Wheezing - bronchiectasis; Wheezing - bronchiolitis; Wheezing - bronchitis; Wheezing - COPD ...
https://ssl.adam.com/content.aspx?productid=117&pid=1&gid=003070&site=atlantichealthssl.adam.com&login=ATLA1992
Pediatric Respiratory Emergencies For EMT! - ProProfs QuizPediatric Respiratory Emergencies For EMT! - ProProfs Quiz
Test your knowledge about respiratory issues, asthma exacerbation, epiglottitis, bronchiolitis. So, lets try out the quiz. All ...
https://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/story.php?title=pediatric-respiratory-emergencies-powerpoint-30-mins-emtp
InfectionAsthmaBronchitisInfectionsEtiologyAcute viralPatients with bronchiolitisSymptomsWheezeAirwayInfancyPediatricsDiagnosisObliterative bronchiolitisSeverityEpisode of bronchiolitisTerm bronchiolitisCause bronchiolitisPediatricCommon respiratoryHospitalizationManagement of infantsInfants with acuteMildGuidelineLower respiratory illnessClinicianObliteransWheezingIncidenceRespiratory statusBronchopneumoniaCenters for DiseasReplicationIllnessesDiseaseOccursChestIllnessClinical featuresLung
Infection28
  • [ 3 ] Tests are typically used to exclude other diagnoses (eg, bacterial pneumonia, sepsis, or congestive heart failure) or to confirm a viral etiology and determine required infection control for patients admitted to the hospital. (medscape.com)
  • Elevated WBC counts do not predict serious bacterial infection in children hospitalized with RSV bronchiolitis. (medscape.com)
  • In most patients with RSV bronchiolitis, especially those with mild disease, the risk of serious secondary bacterial infection is low. (medscape.com)
  • [ 111 ] studied infants aged 90 days or younger with bronchiolitis and noted a low risk of serious bacterial infection and wide variability in the use of diagnostic tests in this population. (medscape.com)
  • It is usually due to a viral infection. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Bronchiolitis begins as a mild upper respiratory infection. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Most cases of bronchiolitis cannot be prevented because the viruses that cause the infection are common in the environment. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Viral infection of the small airways in young children. (ubiehealth.com)
  • A viral infection of the smallest airways in the lungs. (healthychildren.org)
  • A viral infection of the voice box and windpipe. (healthychildren.org)
  • This kids' cough is caused by a viral infection. (todaysparent.com)
  • ABSTRACT This study aims to describe etiological agents, demographic details of patients, seasonality and underlying conditions among patients hospitalized due to viral severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) in Yemen. (who.int)
  • Bronchiolitis is caused by a Viral infection (RSV). (proprofs.com)
  • To describe rates of bronchiolitis-associated hospitalizations and to estimate current hospitalizations associated with RSV infection. (nih.gov)
  • Averaging bronchiolitis hospitalizations during 1994-1996 and assuming that RSV was the etiologic agent in 50% to 80% of November through April hospitalizations, an estimated 51, 240 to 81, 985 annual bronchiolitis hospitalizations among children younger than 1 year were related to RSV infection. (nih.gov)
  • Annual bronchiolitis hospitalizations associated with RSV infection among infants may be greater than previous estimates for RSV bronchiolitis and pneumonia hospitalizations combined. (nih.gov)
  • Bronchiolitis is a viral infection of lower respiratory tract. (tandurust.com)
  • American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Infectious Diseases, American Academy of Pediatrics Bronchiolitis Guidelines Committee: Updated guidance for palivizumab prophylaxis amongst infants and younger kids at increased danger of hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus infection, Pediatrics 134:415�420, 2014. (whalecenter.org)
  • Community respiratory viral infection in adult lung transplant recipients. (duke.edu)
  • Further prospective studies are warranted to clarify the relationship between respiratory viral infection and OB and to define the optimal therapy for these viral infections. (duke.edu)
  • This report demonstrated chronic EV D68 bronchiolitis and focal organizing pneumonia by open lung biopsy in one patient with persistent and progressive lung disease after acute infection. (scirp.org)
  • An ambulance was called and we went to urgent care at North Tees Hospital and later we were sent home with a suspected viral infection. (sickchildrenstrust.org)
  • Finally, the researchers said they focused on antibiotic-inappropriate respiratory diagnoses (i.e., diagnoses where antibiotics were unnecessary according to clinical practice guidelines, such as viral upper respiratory infection, bronchitis/bronchiolitis, asthma/allergy, influenza, nonsuppurative otitis media and viral pneumonia). (aafp.org)
  • Infection with multiple viruses is not associated with increased disease severity in children with bronchiolitis. (edu.pk)
  • Dual infection of infants by human metapneumovirus and human respiratory syncytial virus is strongly associated with severe bronchiolitis. (edu.pk)
  • Bronchiolitis is the most common respiratory infection in infancy still managed with conservative methods, including oxygen supplementation and feeding support," she says. (physiciansweekly.com)
  • Viral respiratory infection has been mentioned as a more rare cause of ARDS, but the role of individual viruses, such as RSV, is understudied. (resc-eu.org)
  • In EVW, the child wheezes only at the time of viral upper respiratory tract infection and is symptom free between viral colds. (prccm.org)
Asthma22
  • Coughing and wheezing in bronchiolitis is difficult to distinguish from asthma. (cdc.gov)
  • Multivariate evaluation of possible risk factors for asthma and sensitization using a stepwise logistic statistical procedure for all 140 children showed that RSV bronchiolitis had the highest independent risk ratio for asthma (OR: 12.7, 95% CI 3.4 to 47.1) and a significantly elevated independent risk ratio for allergic sensitization (OR: 2.4, 95% CI 1.1 to 5.5). (nih.gov)
  • In conclusion, RSV bronchiolitis in infancy severe enough to cause hospitalization was highly associatied with the development of asthma and allergic sensitization up to age 7(1)/ (2). (nih.gov)
  • This case report describes a previously healthy eleven-month old ex-preterm female with a severe presentation of acute viral bronchiolitis with an extensive family history of asthma. (amsj.org)
  • The link between viral bronchiolitis and asthma has always been controversial despite extensive research. (amsj.org)
  • Several studies have linked respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis to the development of persistent wheezing or asthma later in childhood, even suggesting that a dose-response relationship may exist between the two entities. (amsj.org)
  • On the other hand, it has also been studied as to whether an individual at risk of asthma has any impact on the severity of bronchiolitis. (amsj.org)
  • There was an extensive family history of asthma (Figure 1), and both the patient's siblings had bronchiolitis as infants. (amsj.org)
  • It has been claimed by some that infants requiring admission to hospital for bronchiolitis are those who are genetically predisposed to have subsequent asthma, either as a result of an atopy predisposition or a family history of recurrent wheezing attacks. (bmj.com)
  • One scientific challenge when evaluating a patient with bronchiolitis is to distinguish it from asthma or recurrent viral-induced wheezing. (whalecenter.org)
  • Severe bronchiolitis early in life is related to an elevated danger of asthma. (whalecenter.org)
  • A plethora of studies have linked bronchiolitis hospitalization to preschool wheeze and asthma development. (physiciansweekly.com)
  • More specifically, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-induced and rhinovirus (RV)-induced bronchiolitis have been associated with increased risk for preschool wheeze and asthma development. (physiciansweekly.com)
  • For a study published in Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Dr. Makrinioti and colleagues conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis that examined the associations of RSV-induced and RV-induced bronchiolitis with preschool wheeze and childhood asthma. (physiciansweekly.com)
  • The researchers included 38 studies in their analysis, eight of which examined the association between infant bronchiolitis and recurrent wheeze and nine that included data on childhood asthma development. (physiciansweekly.com)
  • An expected finding was that infants hospitalized with RSV-induced bronchiolitis have higher odds of developing recurrent wheeze and asthma when compared with healthy infants," she explains. (physiciansweekly.com)
  • These odds reflect the association between bronchiolitis and recurrent wheeze and asthma when compared with a healthy population and do not consist of a measurement of effect of RSV exposure. (physiciansweekly.com)
  • Cumulative odds of developing recurrent wheeze and asthma after RSV bronchiolitis was not different than the odds of developing recurrent wheeze and asthma following non-RSV bronchiolitis, "implying that there are other exposures beyond RSV bronchiolitis that are associated with increased odds of chronic respiratory sequela development," Dr. Makrinioti notes. (physiciansweekly.com)
  • Although RSV bronchiolitis is indeed associated with increased severity, there is no evidence showing that it is significantly associated with recurrent wheeze and/or asthma development. (physiciansweekly.com)
  • It is also likely that, in addition to respiratory viral exposures, there are other confounders in this pathway (eg, allergic sensitization), and cohort studies exploring interactions between these exposures and recurrent wheeze and asthma development are eagerly anticipated. (physiciansweekly.com)
  • Preschool wheeze in children aged 6 years or below is a heterogeneous disorder, including asthma, acute bronchitis, and acute bronchiolitis. (prccm.org)
  • Asthma and bronchiolitis are responsible, of recurrent wheezing and describe its risk factors. (bvsalud.org)
Bronchitis1
Infections16
  • Severely ill children may have dual viral infections. (medscape.com)
  • Antibiotics do not work against viral infections. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Non-allergic wheezing in children occurs during acute infections, including viral bronchiolitis. (cdc.gov)
  • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes more lower respiratory tract infections, often manifested as bronchiolitis, among young children than any other pathogen. (nih.gov)
  • STUDY OBJECTIVE: To define the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and long-term complications of respiratory viral infections in adult lung transplant recipients. (duke.edu)
  • CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest community respiratory viral infections cause significant morbidity and mortality in lung transplant recipients. (duke.edu)
  • Yet even so, overuse of these medications, especially for viral respiratory infections, remains a common problem. (aafp.org)
  • What we know about wildfire smoke and particulate pollution is that exposure increases the risk for respiratory viral infections," says Cheryl Pirozzi, MD , a pulmonologist at University of Utah Health. (yubanet.com)
  • Common respiratory infections triggered by particulate pollution include pneumonia and bronchiolitis. (yubanet.com)
  • Most wheeze in preschool children is associated with viral upper respiratory tract infections, which recur frequently in this age group. (ersjournals.com)
  • Viral respiratory infections should be considered in the differential diagnosis when growing premature infants present with recurrent apnoeic episodes and they may be severe enough to require assisted ventilatory support. (annals.edu.sg)
  • Medical and nursing staff with viral respiratory infections should avoid working in the nurseries until they are well. (annals.edu.sg)
  • Surveillance studies are identifying new causes of bronchiolitis and exploring the role of viral co-infections. (edu.pk)
  • Most viral infections last about 5 to 7 days, with symptoms peaking around day 3 or 4 (the worst, most miserable days). (keanuenuepediatrics.com)
  • Examples include lung irritants and exercise, as well as viral infections and acid reflux. (360core.io)
  • EV68 was isolated from 4 children with pneumonia and bronchiolitis in the United States in 1962 (prototype Fermon strain) (2,3) and is associated with respiratory tract infections (RTIs) (3-5). (blogspot.com)
Etiology4
  • [ 109 ] also observed an association between a viral etiology and low WBC counts and CRP levels during initial and follow-up testing. (medscape.com)
  • Fretzayas A, Moustaki M. Etiology and clinical features of viral bronchiolitis in infancy. (ubiehealth.com)
  • If findings from a thorough history and physical examination are consistent with a viral etiology and no complications are noted, an aggressive workup is rarely necessary. (medscape.com)
  • Prospective multicenter study of the viral etiology of bronchiolitis in the emergency department. (edu.pk)
Acute viral6
  • Continuing respiratory problems three and a half years after acute viral bronchiolitis. (bmj.com)
  • IMSEAR at SEARO: Nutritional status, breastfeeding, and evolution of Infants with acute viral bronchiolitis. (who.int)
  • Acute viral bronchiolitis is a common respiratory infectious disease of infancy. (who.int)
  • The nutritional status did not affect the clinical course of previously-healthy infants with acute viral brochiolitis. (who.int)
  • The presenting symptoms suggested a diagnosis of acute viral bronchiolitis. (amsj.org)
  • Unger S, Cunningham S. Effect of oxygen supplementation on length of stay for infants hospitalized with acute viral bronchiolitis. (medscape.com)
Patients with bronchiolitis3
  • [ 84 ] However, case reports have described patients with bronchiolitis who had elevated WBC counts that prompted further evaluation and eventual identification of a bacterial pathogen. (medscape.com)
  • WBC testing should not be routinely performed in patients with bronchiolitis. (medscape.com)
  • In some cases physiotherapy can be detrimental to patients, for example patients with bronchiolitis or those suffering from a viral induced wheeze. (uhbristol.nhs.uk)
Symptoms9
  • Most of the time, bronchiolitis can be diagnosed based on the symptoms and the exam. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Symptoms or signs of viral or and North America ( 4 , 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Sally was an eleven-month old ex-preterm (35 weeks) female who presented to the Emergency Department (ED) with symptoms of fever, coryzal symptoms and a wheeze, subsequently diagnosed as viral bronchiolitis. (amsj.org)
  • This study supports the claim that the excess respiratory symptoms after acute bronchiolitis are not due to familial or personal susceptibility to atopy. (bmj.com)
  • Corticosteroids have no impact on cold symptoms and may actually increase viral replication. (medscape.com)
  • Causes Of Bronchiolitis In Babies: Symptoms & How To Treat It? (tandurust.com)
  • The onset of bronchiolitis usually begins as a common cold and within two to three days the symptoms of bronchiolitis starts developing. (tandurust.com)
  • Montelukast is recommended for the treatment of episodic (viral) wheeze and can be started when symptoms of a viral cold develop. (ersjournals.com)
  • In 2008, the European Respiratory Society Task Force [1] proposed classifying wheeze by symptoms into episodic viral wheeze (EVW) and multiple triggered wheeze (MTW). (prccm.org)
Wheeze2
  • Our prospective data also showed that five and a half years after the episode of acute bronchiolitis there was no evidence of an inherited predisposition to wheeze as defined by family history of atopy or wheezing. (bmj.com)
  • The present Task Force proposes to use the terms episodic (viral) wheeze to describe children who wheeze intermittently and are well between episodes, and multiple-trigger wheeze for children who wheeze both during and outside discrete episodes. (ersjournals.com)
Airway3
  • As the viral-infected epithelium is sloughed into the lumen of the airway, obstruction of the airway occurs and results in alveolar collapse or atelectasis distal to the obstruction. (whalecenter.org)
  • It is unclear whether or not bronchiolitis early in life ends in injury that alters normal lung improvement and predisposes the kid to subsequent wheezing, or whether or not certain infants have a preexisting abnormality of the immune response or of airway operate that causes them to have both severe bronchiolitis and recurrent wheezing. (whalecenter.org)
  • Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) has been used as a mode of non-invasive respiratory support for infants with bronchiolitis-induced respiratory failure for over two decades [ 9 - 13 ], and is increasingly being used in a ward setting [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Infancy3
  • We previously reported an increased risk for bronchial obstructive disease and allergic sensitization up to age 3 in 47 children hospitalized with a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis in infancy compared with 93 matched control subjects recruited during infancy. (nih.gov)
  • In order to evaluate further the relationship between acute bronchiolitis in infancy and subsequent respiratory problems, children prospectively followed up from the time of their admission to hospital were reviewed along with a group of matched controls recruited at the previous five and a half year assessment. (bmj.com)
  • Bronchiolitis is the most common reason for hospitalization in infancy, and respiratory viruses are detected in nasal samples in more than 90% of infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis," Heidi Makrinioti, MD, PhD, MRCPCH, explains. (physiciansweekly.com)
Pediatrics4
  • The American Academy of Pediatrics has released updated guidelines on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of bronchiolitis in children aged 1 to 23 months. (medscape.com)
  • American Academy of Pediatrics Bronchiolitis Guidelines Committee. (medscape.com)
  • In 2014, the American Academy of Pediatrics printed clinical practice 1193 Diagnosis the prognosis of bronchiolitis is made clinically by history and bodily examination. (whalecenter.org)
  • American Academy of Pediatrics, Subcom-mittee on Diagnosis and Management of Bronchiolitis. (edu.pk)
Diagnosis6
  • The diagnosis of bronchiolitis is based on clinical presentation, the patient's age, seasonal occurrence, and findings from the physical examination. (medscape.com)
  • When all of these are consistent with the expected diagnosis of bronchiolitis, few laboratory studies are necessary. (medscape.com)
  • Clinical practice guideline: the diagnosis, management, and prevention of bronchiolitis. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Diagnosis and assessment of bronchiolitis severity should be based on patient history and physical examination. (medscape.com)
  • Guideline] Diagnosis and management of bronchiolitis. (medscape.com)
  • Diagnosis and Management of Bronchiolitis. (edu.pk)
Obliterative bronchiolitis1
  • Two patients died acutely and four patients subsequently had development of obliterative bronchiolitis (OB). (duke.edu)
Severity2
  • 4 Even those whose bronchiolitis is of insufficient severity to require hospital admission have an increased risk of recurrent wheezing attacks, which persists up to the age of 13 years. (bmj.com)
  • Therefore, detection of respiratory viruses is strongly associated with bronchiolitis incidence and severity. (physiciansweekly.com)
Episode of bronchiolitis2
  • Sally had a similar episode of bronchiolitis in at eight months of age but was treated then as an outpatient. (amsj.org)
  • Other possible aetiological factors previously considered include large family size, 4 11 16 parental smoking, 1 16 18 19 and breast feeding 11 21 Analysis of our five and a half year follow up data 20 using a stepwise logistic regressional model, including atopy, failed to identify any significant predictor of wheezing apart from the episode of bronchiolitis. (bmj.com)
Term bronchiolitis1
  • The virus causes inflammation of the tiny air passages in the lung called bronchioles, hence the term bronchiolitis. (tandurust.com)
Cause bronchiolitis1
  • As multiple viruses may cause bronchiolitis, testing for specific viruses is not necessary. (medscape.com)
Pediatric2
  • Pediatric bronchiolitis is an acute, highly-communicable, viral-mediated lower respiratory tract illness of early childhood. (georgetown.edu)
  • 1. Age, prematurity, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation at initial presentation, in addition to history of wheezing/bronchiolitis, were not predictors for hospital admission in pediatric patients being treated with home oxygen for bronchiolitis. (2minutemedicine.com)
Common respiratory2
  • Bronchiolitis is a common respiratory illness of early childhood. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Bronchiolitis is a common respiratory illness of young childhood caused by viruses such as Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Hospitalization5
  • Bronchiolitis-associated hospitalization rates by age and year. (nih.gov)
  • Among children younger than 1 year, annual bronchiolitis hospitalization rates increased 2.4-fold, from 12.9 per 1000 in 1980 to 31.2 per 1000 in 1996. (nih.gov)
  • 001), while hospitalization rates for lower respiratory tract diseases excluding bronchiolitis did not vary significantly (P for trend = .20). (nih.gov)
  • During 1980-1996, rates of hospitalization of infants with bronchiolitis increased substantially, as did the proportion of total and lower respiratory tract hospitalizations associated with bronchiolitis. (nih.gov)
  • Bronchiolitis is a major cause of hospitalization in infants and babies. (tandurust.com)
Management of infants3
  • Methods: An electronic, structured questionnaire was sent to 1001 geographically representative GPs in primary care centres in the UK, via the market research company MedeConnect, to assess their management of infants with viral bronchiolitis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Conclusion: There was wide variation in the management of infants with viral bronchiolitis by UK GPs. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We aimed to establish current national practice in the management of infants with acute bronchiolitis by conducting a cross-sectional survey of clinicians working in hospitals in England and Wales. (biomedcentral.com)
Infants with acute1
  • Despite lack of randomised trial evidence, nCPAP and HFNC are commonly used in British hospitals to support infants with acute bronchiolitis. (biomedcentral.com)
Mild2
  • Most cases of viral bronchiolitis are mild and often clear on its own without any treatment. (tandurust.com)
  • Though with limited results and conducted in a specific high altitude setting, results from this study support home therapy oxygen as a feasible treatment for mild bronchiolitis in patients, provided that protocols exist for solid follow-up care. (2minutemedicine.com)
Guideline3
  • We measured practice before the 2015 NICE bronchiolitis guideline against the guideline, to obtain a benchmark of practice. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Results: 39% of GPs did not refer to any guideline to manage infants with bronchiolitis, 33% did not routinely measure oxygen saturations, 48% prescribed an 'inappropriate' (evidence of no benefit) medication and 62% did not give written guidance to parents. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Up to 75% of GPs' management did not conform to the newly published 2015 NICE bronchiolitis guideline prior to its publication. (ox.ac.uk)
Lower respiratory illness1
  • Willson DF, Horn SD, Hendley JO, Smout R, Gassaway J. Effect of practice variation on resource utilization in infants hospitalized for viral lower respiratory illness. (edu.pk)
Clinician3
  • Additionally, if a affected person is receiving month-to-month palivizumab (Synagis) prophylaxis and is hospitalized with bronchiolitis, the clinician ought to get hold of viral testing. (whalecenter.org)
  • Fitzgerald D. Viral bronchiolitis for the clinician. (edu.pk)
  • We also aimed to determine clinician preferences regarding clinical triggers to initiate nCPAP and HFNC, and to ascertain if clinical equipoise existed to support a multicentre trial of non-invasive respiratory support in acute bronchiolitis. (biomedcentral.com)
Obliterans2
  • Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia. (medscape.com)
  • Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is a major complication of lung transplantation that is associated with poor survival. (bvsalud.org)
Wheezing4
  • Wheezing during the first 2 years of life is often caused by bronchiolitis. (healthychildren.org)
  • It is well documented that infants requiring admission to hospital with acute respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis in the first year of life are more likely to have recurrent episodes of coughing and wheezing subsequently. (bmj.com)
  • 18 As a result, it has been estimated that acute bronchiolitis is responsible for at least 20% of wheezing attacks in preschool children. (bmj.com)
  • No other risk factors (including age, prematurity, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, history of wheezing, history of bronchiolitis) were identified as predictors for admission in home oxygen therapy for bronchiolitis. (2minutemedicine.com)
Incidence1
  • The incidence of acute bronchiolitis is highest in the winter and spring months. (tandurust.com)
Respiratory status1
  • Two older infants who had oxygen dependent bronchopulmonary dysplasia presented with worsening of the respiratory status due to bronchiolitis at 5 and 6 months of age respectively. (annals.edu.sg)
Bronchopneumonia1
  • [ 108 ] demonstrated a correlation between an elevated WBC count and a radiographic pattern of lobar pneumonia as compared with a pattern of bronchopneumonia or bronchiolitis. (medscape.com)
Centers for Diseas1
  • 1 Respiratory and Enteric Viruses Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. (nih.gov)
Replication2
  • Inarigivir is an oral, selective immunomodulator that attaches to the cellular proteins retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 (RIG-I) to block viral replication. (clinicaltrialsarena.com)
  • New combination vaccines should induce similar or superior levels of neutralizing antibody in serum for individual protection against paralytic disease and mucosal immunity that effectively decreases viral replication in the intestine and pharynx for population protection against transmission of poliovirus. (who.int)
Illnesses1
  • His main research interests are RSV and other viral respiratory illnesses and antimicrobial stewardship. (ox.ac.uk)
Disease1
  • Although bronchiolitis is common in infants and babies, the disease can also affect adults. (tandurust.com)
Occurs2
  • Bronchiolitis occurs more often in the fall and winter than other times of the year. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Bronchiolitis usually occurs in babies below the age of 2 years. (tandurust.com)
Chest3
  • According to a survey of hospital-based pediatricians, the most common tests are rapid viral antigen testing of nasopharyngeal secretions for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) , arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis (in severely ill patients, especially those requiring mechanical ventilation), white blood cell (WBC) count with differential, C-reactive protein (CRP) level, and chest radiography. (medscape.com)
  • In previously healthy children with viral bronchiolitis, chest radiography, complete blood count (CBC), or blood culture are usually unnecessary. (medscape.com)
  • Epinephrine and chest physiotherapy should not be administered to infants and children with bronchiolitis. (medscape.com)
Illness1
  • Though bronchiolitis is a illness associated with excessive morbidity, the mortality is low. (whalecenter.org)
Clinical features1
  • Other respiratory circumstances should be thought-about when a toddler presents with clinical features of bronchiolitis. (whalecenter.org)
Lung2
  • Infants with viral bronchiolitis appeared to tolerate both suctioning techniques without adverse short-term physiologic effects, as indicated by the unchanged gas exchange and estimated lung volumes (EIT). (semanticscholar.org)
  • Undiagnosed congenital cardiac defects with heart failure can also present similarly to bronchiolitis, with tachypnea, elevated work of respiratory, and crackles heard on lung auscultation. (whalecenter.org)
Bronchiolitis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
Bronchiolitis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology (medscape.com)
Bronchiolitis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Initial Management, Admission Criteria
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The Importance of Dendritic Cells in Asthma
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Parainfluenza: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
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Brief Report: Respiratory Syncytial Virus Activity --- United States, 2004--2005
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Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Outbreak on Pig Farm, Argentina - Volume 16, Number 2-February 2010 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal...
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Bronchiolitis Obliterans Organizing Pneumonia (BOOP) Imaging: Practice Essentials, Radiography, Computed Tomography
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