Fibrocystic Breast Disease
Breast
Fibroadenoma
Adenofibroma
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast
Hyperplasia
Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating
Breast Cyst
Menopause
Carcinoma in Situ
Precancerous Conditions
Carcinoma, Lobular
Risk Factors
Biopsy, Needle
Biopsy
Case-Control Studies
Receptors, Estrogen
Ultrasonography, Mammary
Palpation
Receptors, Progesterone
Tumor Markers, Biological
Age Factors
Risk
Postmenopause
Estrogens
Parity
Prospective Studies
Breast Neoplasms, Male
Menstruation
Carcinoma
Premenopause
Prognosis
Immunohistochemistry
Neoplasm Metastasis
Cohort Studies
Estrogen Replacement Therapy
Breast Implants
Odds Ratio
Cathepsin D
Receptor, erbB-2
Lymphatic Metastasis
Risk Assessment
Breast Self-Examination
Proportional Hazards Models
Neoplasm Staging
Sensitivity and Specificity
Neoplasm Proteins
Incidence
Tamoxifen
Progestins
Mass Screening
Confidence Intervals
Outpatient Clinics, Hospital
Measurement of prostate-specific antigen in detection of benign or malignant breast disease in women. (1/757)
Using a highly sensitive chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay, we have evaluated the measurement of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as a potential diagnostic test for differentiation between women with breast cancer and those with benign breast disease. In a controlled study consisting of 284 women with well-documented patient files and matched for age and long-term place of residence, serum samples collected from 90 women with histologically confirmed breast cancer, 94 women with benign breast disease and 100 controls were analysed. Serum total PSA levels in benign breast disease and cancer patients are not statistically different from those of healthy controls. Total PSA levels decrease with age in normal controls and breast cancer patients but not in those with benign breast disease. The total PSA concentration decreases after menopause in healthy women, though not in patients with breast cancer or benign breast disease. Total PSA bore no relation to the histological type or grade of the tumour or the disease stage of the breast cancer patients. In benign breast disease, all mastopathy patients had normal total PSA, whereas elevation of the values was observed in 7% of fibroadenoma patients. Our results show that serum total PSA cannot be used to distinguish between healthy women and/or women with breast cancer or benign breast disease. (+info)Systemic multifocal fibrosclerosis. (2/757)
We describe a case of hydronephrosis as a result of retroperitoneal fibrosis in a patient who had previous sclerosing lobulitis of the breast. To the best of our knowledge this is the first reported association between these two conditions in the english literature. We presume these conditions are linked and unify them under the general heading of systemic multifocal fibrosclerosis. (+info)Screening for breast cancer: time, travel, and out-of-pocket expenses. (3/757)
BACKGROUND: We estimated the personal costs to women found to have a breast problem (either breast cancer or benign breast disease) in terms of time spent, miles traveled, and cash payments made for detection, diagnosis, initial treatment, and follow-up. METHODS: We analyzed data from personal interviews with 465 women from four communities in Florida. These women were randomly selected from those with a recent breast biopsy (within 6-8 months) that indicated either breast cancer (208 women) or benign breast disease (257 women). One community was the site of a multifaceted intervention to promote breast screening, and the other three communities were comparison sites for evaluation of that intervention. All P values are two-sided. RESULTS: In comparison with time spent and travel distance for women with benign breast disease (13 hours away from home and 56 miles traveled), time spent and travel distance were statistically significantly higher (P<.001) for treatment and follow-up of women with breast cancer (89 hours and 369 miles). Personal financial costs for treatment of women with breast cancer were also statistically significantly higher (breast cancer = $604; benign breast disease = $76; P < .001) but were statistically significantly lower for detection and diagnosis (breast cancer = $170; benign breast disease = $310; P < .001). Among women with breast cancer, time spent for treatment was statistically significantly lower (P = .013) when their breast cancer was detected by screening (68.9 hours) than when it was detected because of symptoms (84.2 hours). Personal cash payments for detection, diagnosis, and treatment were statistically significantly lower among women whose breast problems were detected by screening than among women whose breast problems were detected because of symptoms (screening detected = $453; symptom detected = $749; P = .045). CONCLUSION: There are substantial personal costs for women who are found to have a breast problem, whether the costs are associated with problems identified through screening or because of symptoms. (+info)Centrosomal kinase AIK1 is overexpressed in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. (4/757)
A centrosomal serine/threonine kinase, AIK1(3)/breast tumor amplified kinase/aurora2, which was recently identified as an oncogene, shows high amino acid identity with chromosome segregation kinases, fly Aurora, and yeast Ipl1. Immunohistochemical analyses of invasive ductal adenocarcinomas of the breast revealed that overexpression of AIK1 was observed in 94% of the cases, irrespective of the histopathological type, whereas the protein was not detected in normal ductal and lobular cells. Benign breast lesions including fibrocystic disease and fibroadenoma (epithelial components) displayed weakly detectable AIK1 expression in part of the lesions. This is the first immunohistochemical report of AIK1 expression in primary human breast carcinomas. Although the physiological function(s) of AIK1 kinase during cell division remains to be determined, the markedly high positivity of AIK1 staining in the cancer lesions suggested a possible involvement of its overexpression in the tumorigenesis of some of breast cancer cells. (+info)Comparison of mammographically guided breast biopsy techniques. (5/757)
OBJECTIVE: To determine which mammographically guided breast biopsy technique is the most efficient in making a diagnosis in women with suspicious mammograms. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Mammographically guided biopsy techniques include stereotactic 14-gauge core-needle biopsy (SC bx), stereotactic 11-gauge suction-assisted core biopsy (Mammotome [Mbx]), stereotactic coring excisional biopsy (Advanced Breast Biopsy Instrument [ABBI]), and wire-localized biopsy (WL bx). Controversy exists over which technique is best. METHODS: All patients undergoing any one of these biopsy methods over a 15-month period were reviewed, totaling 245 SC bx, 107 Mbx, 104 ABBI, and 520 WL bx. Information obtained included technical success, pathology, discordant pathology, and need for open biopsy. RESULTS: Technical success was achieved in 94.3% of SC bx, 96.4% of Mbx, 92.5% of ABBI, and 98.7% of WL bx. The sensitivity and specificity were 87.5% and 98.6% for SC bx, 87.5% and 100% for Mbx, and 100% and 100% for ABBI. Discordant results or need for a repeat biopsy occurred in 25.7% of SC bx, 23.2% of Mbx, and 7.5% of ABBI biopsies. In 63.6% of ABBI and 50.9% of WL bx, positive margins required reexcision; of the cases with positive margins, 71.4% of ABBI and 70.4% of WL bx had residual tumor in the definitive treatment specimen. CONCLUSION: Although sensitivities and specificities of SC bx and Mbx are good, 20% to 25% of patients will require an open biopsy because a definitive diagnosis could not be reached. This does not occur with the ABBI excisional biopsy specimen. The positive margin rates and residual tumor rates are comparable between the ABBI and WL bx. The ABBI avoids operating room and reexcision costs; therefore, in appropriately selected patients, this appears to be the most efficient method of biopsy. (+info)In vitro estrogen-binding by human breast carcinomas. (6/757)
Patients whose breast carcinomas possess only low concentrations of a receptor molecule that binds estrogens with high affinity are unlikely to respond to hormonal manipulative therapy when the disease recurs. The estrogen-binding capacity of 106 breast carcinomas was measured by an in vitro method and was expressed per milligram wet weight and in some cases related to the concentration of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of the tumours. The ability of tumors to bind 3H-estradiol ranged from 0 to 1.3 fm/mg in pre- and perenopausal women, and from 0 to 16.8 fm/mg in postmenopausal women. Menopausal status or serum concentrations of endogenous estrogen, or both, should therefore be considered when tumours are classified into low and high estrogen-binding capacity. It is not necessary to carry out Scatchard analysis for every tumour, and expressing estradiol binding on the basis of DNA concentration may be preferable to expressing in on a wet-weight basis. (+info)MammoWeb continuing medical education (CME): a web-based breast imaging CME program. (7/757)
The ubiquity of the world-wide web allows unique educational opportunities for continuing medical education (CME). We have designed a comprehensive breast imaging CME curriculum to permit individual physicians in their homes or offices to use personal computers to ease the burden of this process. Category 1 CME credits can be earned off-hours without having the physician travel out of town. In addition, since the course is computer-based, the overall costs to the participant are substantially reduced. The program can be updated on an ongoing basis to include new technology or to provide additional information requested by the users. (+info)Identification of women with early breast cancer by analysis of p43-positive lymphocytes. (8/757)
Regular screening mammographies and increasing knowledge of high-risk groups have resulted in an improvement in the rate of detection of smaller malignant lesions. However, uncertain minimal mammographic features frequently require further costly and often uncomfortable investigation, including repeat radiological controls or surgical procedures, before cancerous lesions can be identified. Placental isoferritin (p43), a protein with immunosuppressive effects, has been detected on the surface of lymphocytes taken from peripheral blood in patients with breast cancer. In this study we evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of the expression of p43-positive lymphocytes as a marker in early stage breast cancer and also investigated its expression on T-cell subpopulations. The presence of p43-positive lymphocytes was investigated using the monoclonal antibody CM-H-9 and flow cytometry in 76 women with controversial, non-palpable mammographic findings who were undergoing surgical biopsy. Patients with early breast cancer (n = 48) had significantly higher p43-positive cell values (median 3.83%, range 0.98-19.4) than patients with benign lumps (n = 28, median 1.43%, range 0.17-3.7) or controls (n = 22, median 1.3%, range 0.4-1.87) (P < 0.0001). At a cut-off level of 2% p43-positive cells a sensitivity of 91.7% and a specificity of 89.3% for detection of breast cancer could be reached. While the median ratio of total CD4+/CD8+ cells was 2.6, a ratio of 1.3 was found for the p43-positive subpopulation (P < 0.001), thus indicating a significant link between p43 and CD8+ cells. The determination of p43-positive lymphocytes in peripheral blood could serve as an additional diagnostic tool in patients with controversial mammographic findings and could also reduce the need for cost-intensive and often uncomfortable management of these patients. (+info)Breast diseases refer to any medical conditions that affect the breasts, including both benign (non-cancerous) and malignant (cancerous) conditions. Some common examples of breast diseases include: 1. Breast cancer: This is the most common type of cancer in women worldwide. It occurs when abnormal cells in the breast grow and multiply uncontrollably, forming a tumor. 2. Benign breast conditions: These are non-cancerous conditions that can affect the breasts. Examples include fibrocystic breast disease, breast abscess, and breast cysts. 3. Inflammatory breast cancer: This is a rare and aggressive form of breast cancer that causes the skin of the breast to become red, swollen, and warm. 4. Paget's disease of the breast: This is a rare condition that occurs when cancer cells spread from the milk ducts to the skin of the nipple and areola. 5. Mastitis: This is an infection of the breast tissue that can occur in women who are breastfeeding or who have recently given birth. 6. Fibroadenoma: This is a benign tumor that can develop in the breast tissue. It is usually painless and can be felt as a hard, round mass. 7. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS): This is a non-invasive form of breast cancer that occurs when abnormal cells are found in the lining of the milk ducts. 8. Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS): This is a non-invasive form of breast cancer that occurs when abnormal cells are found in the lining of the milk glands. Treatment for breast diseases depends on the specific condition and its severity. It may include medications, surgery, radiation therapy, or a combination of these treatments. Early detection and treatment are key to improving outcomes for patients with breast diseases.
Fibrocystic breast disease (FBD) is a common condition that affects the breasts. It is characterized by the presence of benign (non-cancerous) lumps or cysts in the breast tissue. These lumps or cysts can cause discomfort or pain, particularly during menstruation or pregnancy. FBD is also known as fibrocystic changes or fibrocystic mastopathy. It is not a single disease, but rather a group of conditions that share similar symptoms and characteristics. Some of the most common types of FBD include: * Benign breast disease (BBD) * Fibroadenoma * Cystic breast disease * Mastalgia (breast pain) FBD is not a cancerous condition, but it can sometimes be confused with breast cancer. However, the symptoms of FBD are usually benign and do not require treatment. In some cases, FBD may be treated with medications or surgery to relieve symptoms or to remove any abnormal growths.
In the medical field, the term "breast" refers to the female reproductive gland that produces milk for nursing infants. It is located on the chest and is composed of glandular tissue, fat, and connective tissue. The breast is also home to the lactiferous ducts, which carry milk from the glands to the nipple. In men, the breast tissue is much less developed and is primarily composed of fat and connective tissue. In some cases, men may develop breast tissue due to hormonal imbalances or other medical conditions.
Fibroadenoma is a benign (non-cancerous) tumor that develops in the breast tissue. It is the most common type of benign breast tumor, accounting for about 80-90% of all breast lumps in women of childbearing age. Fibroadenomas are usually round or oval, smooth, and firm to the touch. They are usually painless and move easily under the skin. They are usually found in women between the ages of 15 and 30, but can occur at any age. Fibroadenomas are usually diagnosed through a physical examination and a mammogram. A biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment for fibroadenomas is usually not necessary, as they are not cancerous and do not increase the risk of breast cancer. However, if a fibroadenoma is causing discomfort or if it is large, a doctor may recommend surgical removal.
Breast neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the breast tissue. These growths can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign breast neoplasms are usually not life-threatening, but they can cause discomfort or cosmetic concerns. Malignant breast neoplasms, on the other hand, can spread to other parts of the body and are considered a serious health threat. Some common types of breast neoplasms include fibroadenomas, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), invasive ductal carcinoma, and invasive lobular carcinoma.
Adenofibroma is a benign (non-cancerous) tumor that arises from the smooth muscle cells of the uterus. It is also known as uterine leiomyoma or myoma. Adenofibromas are the most common type of uterine tumor, accounting for about 50-70% of all uterine tumors. They are usually found in women in their 40s and 50s, but can occur at any age. Adenofibromas are usually small and asymptomatic, but can grow large enough to cause symptoms such as heavy bleeding, pain, and pressure on the bladder or bowels. Treatment options for adenofibromas include observation, hormonal therapy, and surgery.
Carcinoma, ductal, breast is a type of cancer that starts in the milk ducts of the breast. It is the most common type of breast cancer, accounting for about 80% of all breast cancer cases. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a non-invasive form of this cancer, where cancer cells are found in the lining of the milk ducts but have not spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes. Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is a more advanced form of the cancer, where cancer cells have invaded the surrounding breast tissue. The diagnosis of ductal carcinoma is usually made through a combination of a physical examination, imaging tests such as mammography or ultrasound, and a biopsy to confirm the presence of cancer cells. Treatment options for ductal carcinoma may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, or a combination of these approaches, depending on the stage and severity of the cancer.
Hyperplasia is a medical term that refers to an increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ. It is a normal response to various stimuli, such as injury, inflammation, or hormonal changes, and can be either physiological or pathological. In a physiological sense, hyperplasia is a normal process that occurs in response to growth factors or hormones, such as estrogen or testosterone, which stimulate the growth of cells in certain tissues. For example, during puberty, the ovaries and testes undergo hyperplasia to produce more hormones. However, in a pathological sense, hyperplasia can be a sign of disease or dysfunction. For example, in the prostate gland, benign hyperplasia (also known as BPH) is a common condition that occurs when the gland becomes enlarged due to an overproduction of cells. This can cause symptoms such as difficulty urinating or frequent urination. In the breast, hyperplasia can be a precursor to breast cancer, as it involves an increase in the number of cells in the breast tissue. Similarly, in the uterus, hyperplasia can be a sign of endometrial cancer. Overall, hyperplasia is a complex process that can have both normal and pathological consequences, depending on the tissue or organ involved and the underlying cause of the increase in cell number.
Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating (CIN) is a type of cancer that originates in the lining of the milk ducts in the breast. It is also known as ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). CIN is considered a pre-cancerous condition because it has the potential to develop into invasive breast cancer if left untreated. However, it is important to note that not all cases of CIN will progress to invasive cancer. CIN is typically detected through a mammogram, which is an X-ray of the breast. If CIN is detected, a biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis and determine the extent of the disease. Treatment for CIN may include surgery, radiation therapy, or hormone therapy, depending on the specific circumstances of the case. It is important for women to be aware of the signs and symptoms of breast cancer and to have regular mammograms as part of their routine healthcare. Early detection and treatment of breast cancer can improve outcomes and increase the chances of a successful recovery.
A breast cyst is a fluid-filled sac that forms in the breast tissue. It is a common benign (non-cancerous) condition that can occur in women of all ages, but is most common in women over 40 years old. Breast cysts can be single or multiple and can range in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters in diameter. Breast cysts are usually painless and may be discovered during a routine breast exam or mammogram. They are typically diagnosed through imaging tests such as ultrasound or mammography, which can help determine the size, shape, and location of the cyst. Treatment for breast cysts is usually not necessary, as they are usually harmless and do not cause any symptoms. However, if a cyst is causing discomfort or if it is large, a doctor may recommend aspiration, which involves draining the fluid from the cyst using a needle and syringe. In rare cases, a breast cyst may be removed surgically if it is causing recurrent symptoms or if there is a concern about its potential to become cancerous.
Carcinoma in situ, also known as CIS or intraepithelial neoplasia, is a type of cancer that has not yet invaded the surrounding tissue. It is a precancerous condition where abnormal cells are present only in the lining of a tissue or organ, but have not yet spread beyond the basement membrane. CIS is often found in the early stages of cancer and can be detected through routine screening tests such as Pap smears for cervical cancer or colonoscopies for colorectal cancer. Treatment for CIS typically involves removing the affected tissue or organ, and may include surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy. CIS is considered a serious condition because it has the potential to develop into invasive cancer if left untreated. However, with early detection and treatment, the risk of progression to invasive cancer can be significantly reduced.
In the medical field, precancerous conditions refer to abnormal cells or tissues in the body that have the potential to develop into cancer if left untreated. These conditions are not yet cancerous, but they have the potential to become cancerous if they are not detected and treated early. Examples of precancerous conditions include: 1. Dysplasia: A condition in which cells in a tissue or organ do not grow or develop normally, leading to the formation of abnormal cells. 2. Papillomas: Non-cancerous growths on the skin or in the respiratory tract that can become cancerous if left untreated. 3. Leukoplakia: A white patch or plaque on the lining of the mouth or throat that can be caused by smoking, alcohol, or other irritants and can develop into cancer. 4. Barrett's Esophagus: A condition in which the lining of the esophagus is replaced by cells that are similar to those found in the lining of the stomach. This condition can increase the risk of developing esophageal cancer. 5. Atypical Hyperplasia: A condition in which cells in the cervix grow abnormally and may develop into cervical cancer if left untreated. It is important to note that not all precancerous conditions will develop into cancer, and some may spontaneously regress. However, early detection and treatment of precancerous conditions can significantly reduce the risk of developing cancer.
Carcinoma, Lobular refers to a type of cancer that originates in the lobules of the breast tissue. Lobules are the small glandular structures in the breast that produce milk. Lobular carcinoma is a type of invasive breast cancer, which means that it has the potential to spread to other parts of the body. Lobular carcinoma is typically diagnosed through a combination of mammography, ultrasound, and biopsy. It is often difficult to detect on mammography because it does not typically form a mass, but rather spreads throughout the breast tissue. Ultrasound can help identify areas of abnormal tissue that may be indicative of lobular carcinoma. Treatment for lobular carcinoma may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, or a combination of these approaches. The specific treatment plan will depend on the stage and grade of the cancer, as well as the overall health of the patient. Early detection and treatment are key to improving outcomes for patients with lobular carcinoma.
A biopsy, needle is a medical procedure in which a small sample of tissue is removed from a patient's body using a thin needle. The needle is inserted into the tissue and a small amount of tissue is removed, which is then sent to a laboratory for analysis. This procedure is often used to diagnose cancer or other diseases, as well as to monitor the effectiveness of treatment. Biopsy, needle is a minimally invasive procedure that is generally safe and well-tolerated by patients. It is typically performed in a doctor's office or an outpatient clinic, and patients are usually able to return to their normal activities soon after the procedure.
A biopsy is a medical procedure in which a small sample of tissue is removed from a person's body for examination under a microscope. The sample is usually taken from a lump, growth, or other abnormal area, and is used to help diagnose a medical condition or disease. There are several types of biopsy procedures, including: 1. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy: A sample of tissue is removed using a thin needle inserted into the abnormal area. 2. Core biopsy: A larger sample of tissue is removed using a hollow needle that takes multiple cores of tissue. 3. Excision biopsy: A larger piece of tissue is removed using a scalpel or other surgical instrument. 4. Endoscopic biopsy: A biopsy is performed using a flexible tube with a camera and light on the end, which is inserted into the body through a natural opening or a small incision. Biopsies are commonly used to diagnose cancer, but they can also be used to diagnose other medical conditions, such as infections, autoimmune diseases, and genetic disorders. The results of a biopsy can help guide treatment decisions and provide important information about a person's prognosis.
Case-control studies are a type of observational study used in the medical field to investigate the relationship between an exposure and an outcome. In a case-control study, researchers identify individuals who have experienced a particular outcome (cases) and compare their exposure history to a group of individuals who have not experienced the outcome (controls). The main goal of a case-control study is to determine whether the exposure was a risk factor for the outcome. To do this, researchers collect information about the exposure history of both the cases and the controls and compare the two groups to see if there is a statistically significant difference in the prevalence of the exposure between the two groups. Case-control studies are often used when the outcome of interest is rare, and it is difficult or unethical to conduct a prospective cohort study. However, because case-control studies rely on retrospective data collection, they are subject to recall bias, where participants may not accurately remember their exposure history. Additionally, because case-control studies only provide information about the association between an exposure and an outcome, they cannot establish causality.
Receptors, estrogen are proteins found on the surface of cells in the body that bind to and respond to the hormone estrogen. Estrogen is a sex hormone that is primarily produced by the ovaries in women and by the testes in men. It plays a key role in the development and regulation of the female reproductive system, as well as in the development of secondary sexual characteristics in both men and women. Estrogen receptors are classified into two main types: estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ). These receptors are found in a wide variety of tissues throughout the body, including the breast, uterus, bone, and brain. When estrogen binds to its receptors, it triggers a cascade of chemical reactions within the cell that can have a variety of effects, depending on the type of receptor and the tissue in which it is found. In the breast, for example, estrogen receptors play a role in the development and growth of breast tissue, as well as in the regulation of the menstrual cycle. In the uterus, estrogen receptors are involved in the thickening of the uterine lining in preparation for pregnancy. In the bone, estrogen receptors help to maintain bone density and prevent osteoporosis. In the brain, estrogen receptors are involved in a variety of functions, including mood regulation, memory, and learning. Abnormalities in estrogen receptor function or expression have been linked to a number of health conditions, including breast cancer, uterine cancer, osteoporosis, and mood disorders.
Breastfeeding is the process of nourishing an infant with breast milk produced by a woman's mammary glands. It is a natural and instinctive behavior that provides numerous benefits for both the mother and the baby. Breastfeeding is typically recommended as the optimal method of feeding infants for the first six months of life, and it can continue for up to two years or longer, depending on the mother and baby's needs and preferences. Breast milk is considered the ideal source of nutrition for infants, as it contains all the necessary nutrients, antibodies, and hormones that are essential for their growth and development. Breastfeeding also promotes bonding between the mother and baby, and it can reduce the risk of several health problems, including infections, allergies, and chronic diseases. In the medical field, healthcare providers often encourage and support breastfeeding, and they may provide guidance and resources to help mothers establish and maintain a successful breastfeeding relationship with their babies.
Mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland, usually occurring in women after childbirth or in cows and other dairy animals. It can be caused by bacterial, viral, or fungal infections, as well as by physical trauma or other factors. Symptoms of mastitis in humans may include breast pain, redness, swelling, warmth, and fever. In cows, symptoms may include fever, loss of appetite, and abnormal milk production. Treatment for mastitis depends on the underlying cause and may include antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, and other therapies. Prevention measures include proper hygiene, good nutrition, and timely treatment of any infections or injuries.
Receptors, Progesterone are proteins found on the surface of cells in the body that bind to the hormone progesterone. These receptors play a crucial role in regulating the menstrual cycle, maintaining pregnancy, and supporting the development of the fetus. When progesterone binds to its receptors, it triggers a series of chemical reactions within the cell that can have a variety of effects, depending on the type of cell and the tissue in which it is found. For example, progesterone receptors in the uterus help to thicken the lining of the uterus in preparation for a potential pregnancy, while receptors in the brain can help to regulate mood and behavior.
In the medical field, "neoplasm invasiveness" refers to the ability of a cancerous tumor to invade and spread beyond its original site of origin. This can occur through the bloodstream or lymphatic system, or by direct extension into surrounding tissues. The degree of invasiveness of a neoplasm can be an important factor in determining the prognosis and treatment options for a patient. More invasive tumors are generally considered to be more aggressive and may be more difficult to treat. However, the specific characteristics of the tumor, such as its type, stage, and location, as well as the overall health of the patient, can also play a role in determining the prognosis. Invasive neoplasms may also be referred to as malignant tumors, as they have the potential to spread and cause harm to surrounding tissues and organs. Non-invasive neoplasms, on the other hand, are generally considered to be benign and are less likely to spread.
In the medical field, "age factors" refer to the effects of aging on the body and its various systems. As people age, their bodies undergo a variety of changes that can impact their health and well-being. These changes can include: 1. Decreased immune function: As people age, their immune system becomes less effective at fighting off infections and diseases. 2. Changes in metabolism: Aging can cause changes in the way the body processes food and uses energy, which can lead to weight gain, insulin resistance, and other metabolic disorders. 3. Cardiovascular changes: Aging can lead to changes in the heart and blood vessels, including increased risk of heart disease, stroke, and high blood pressure. 4. Cognitive changes: Aging can affect memory, attention, and other cognitive functions, which can lead to conditions such as dementia and Alzheimer's disease. 5. Joint and bone changes: Aging can cause changes in the joints and bones, including decreased bone density and increased risk of osteoporosis and arthritis. 6. Skin changes: Aging can cause changes in the skin, including wrinkles, age spots, and decreased elasticity. 7. Hormonal changes: Aging can cause changes in hormone levels, including decreased estrogen in women and decreased testosterone in men, which can lead to a variety of health issues. Overall, age factors play a significant role in the development of many health conditions and can impact a person's quality of life. It is important for individuals to be aware of these changes and to take steps to maintain their health and well-being as they age.
Breast neoplasms, also known as male breast cancer, refers to the development of abnormal growths or tumors in the breast tissue of males. These tumors can be either benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Male breast cancer is a relatively rare condition, accounting for less than 1% of all breast cancers. However, it is more common in older men, with the majority of cases occurring in men over the age of 60. Symptoms of male breast cancer may include a lump or thickening in the breast tissue, changes in the size or shape of the breast, redness or swelling of the skin, and nipple discharge. Diagnosis of male breast cancer typically involves a combination of physical examination, imaging tests such as mammography or ultrasound, and biopsy to confirm the presence of cancer cells. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and hormone therapy, depending on the stage and type of cancer.
Carcinoma is a type of cancer that originates in the epithelial cells, which are the cells that line the surfaces of organs and tissues in the body. Carcinomas can develop in any part of the body, but they are most common in the skin, lungs, breast, prostate, and colon. Carcinomas are classified based on the location and type of epithelial cells from which they originate. For example, a carcinoma that develops in the skin is called a skin carcinoma, while a carcinoma that develops in the lungs is called a lung carcinoma. Carcinomas can be further classified as either non-melanoma skin cancers (such as basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma) or melanoma, which is a more aggressive type of skin cancer that can spread to other parts of the body. Treatment for carcinomas depends on the type and stage of the cancer, as well as the overall health of the patient. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy.
In the medical field, body fluids refer to the liquids that are present within the body of an organism. These fluids include blood, plasma, lymph, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), synovial fluid, pleural fluid, pericardial fluid, and amniotic fluid, among others. Body fluids play a crucial role in maintaining the homeostasis of the body, which is the state of equilibrium that allows the body to function properly. They help regulate temperature, transport nutrients and oxygen to cells, remove waste products, and protect the body from infection. In addition, body fluids are often used in medical testing and diagnosis. For example, blood tests can detect various diseases and conditions, while urine tests can help identify kidney problems or infections. Analysis of other body fluids, such as CSF or pleural fluid, can also provide valuable information for diagnosing certain conditions, such as meningitis or pneumonia.
Neoplasm metastasis refers to the spread of cancer cells from a primary tumor to other parts of the body. This occurs when cancer cells break away from the primary tumor, enter the bloodstream or lymphatic system, and travel to distant organs or tissues, where they can form new tumors. Metastasis is a major cause of cancer-related deaths, as it makes the disease more difficult to treat and increases the risk of complications. The ability of cancer cells to metastasize is a key factor in determining the prognosis for patients with cancer.
Cohort studies are a type of observational study in the medical field that involves following a group of individuals (a cohort) over time to identify the incidence of a particular disease or health outcome. The individuals in the cohort are typically selected based on a common characteristic, such as age, gender, or exposure to a particular risk factor. During the study, researchers collect data on the health and lifestyle of the cohort members, and then compare the incidence of the disease or health outcome between different subgroups within the cohort. This can help researchers identify risk factors or protective factors associated with the disease or outcome. Cohort studies are useful for studying the long-term effects of exposure to a particular risk factor, such as smoking or air pollution, on the development of a disease. They can also be used to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions or treatments for a particular disease. One of the main advantages of cohort studies is that they can provide strong evidence of causality, as the exposure and outcome are measured over a long period of time and in the same group of individuals. However, they can be expensive and time-consuming to conduct, and may be subject to biases if the cohort is not representative of the general population.
A cell line, tumor is a type of cell culture that is derived from a cancerous tumor. These cell lines are grown in a laboratory setting and are used for research purposes, such as studying the biology of cancer and testing potential new treatments. They are typically immortalized, meaning that they can continue to divide and grow indefinitely, and they often exhibit the characteristics of the original tumor from which they were derived, such as specific genetic mutations or protein expression patterns. Cell lines, tumor are an important tool in cancer research and have been used to develop many of the treatments that are currently available for cancer patients.
Breast implants are medical devices that are used to enhance the size, shape, or contour of a woman's breasts. They are typically made of silicone or saline and are inserted into the breast tissue to create a fuller, more rounded appearance. Breast implants can be used for a variety of reasons, including to increase breast size after weight loss or pregnancy, to correct a breast deformity, or to enhance breast symmetry. They are typically placed during surgery and can be removed or replaced if necessary. It is important to note that breast implants are not without risks and complications, and patients should carefully consider the potential benefits and risks before deciding to undergo breast implant surgery.
Cathepsin D is a protease enzyme that is primarily found in the lysosomes of cells. It is involved in the degradation of proteins and peptides, including those that are involved in cell signaling and the turnover of extracellular matrix components. In the medical field, cathepsin D is often studied in relation to cancer, as it is overexpressed in many types of tumors and is thought to play a role in tumor growth and progression. It is also being investigated as a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
Receptor, erbB-2, also known as HER2 or neu, is a protein that is found on the surface of certain cells in the human body. It is a type of receptor tyrosine kinase, which means that it is a protein that is activated when it binds to a specific molecule, called a ligand. In the case of erbB-2, the ligand is a protein called epidermal growth factor (EGF). ErbB-2 is involved in a number of important cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, and survival. It is also a key player in the development of certain types of cancer, particularly breast cancer. In some cases, the erbB-2 gene may be overexpressed or mutated, leading to an overabundance of the erbB-2 protein on the surface of cancer cells. This can contribute to the uncontrolled growth and spread of the cancer. There are several ways that doctors can test for erbB-2 overexpression in breast cancer patients. One common method is to use a test called immunohistochemistry (IHC), which involves staining tissue samples with an antibody that binds specifically to the erbB-2 protein. If the erbB-2 protein is present in high levels, the tissue will appear dark under the microscope. Another method is to use a test called fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), which involves using a fluorescent probe to detect the presence of the erbB-2 gene on the cancer cells. If a patient's breast cancer is found to be positive for erbB-2 overexpression, they may be eligible for treatment with drugs called trastuzumab (Herceptin) or pertuzumab (Perjeta), which are designed to target the erbB-2 protein and help to shrink or stop the growth of the cancer. These drugs are often used in combination with other treatments, such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
Lymphatic metastasis is a type of cancer spread that occurs when cancer cells from a primary tumor travel through the lymphatic system and spread to other parts of the body. The lymphatic system is a network of vessels and organs that helps to fight infection and remove waste products from the body. When cancer cells enter the lymphatic system, they can travel through the lymph nodes, which are small, bean-shaped structures that filter out harmful substances from the lymph fluid. If the cancer cells reach the lymph nodes, they can multiply and form new tumors, which can then spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system. Lymphatic metastasis is a common way for cancer to spread, and it can occur in many different types of cancer, including breast cancer, lung cancer, and colon cancer.
Breast Self-Examination (BSE) is a technique used by women to check their breasts for any changes or abnormalities that may indicate the presence of breast cancer. It involves visually inspecting and feeling the breasts and underarms for any lumps, bumps, or other changes in texture or shape. BSE is typically performed once a month, usually on the same day and at the same time each month, after the menstrual period has ended. The woman stands in front of a mirror and examines her breasts, looking for any changes in the shape, size, or color of the breasts or nipples. She then lies down on her back and uses her fingers to feel the entire breast, including the armpit area, using a circular motion. BSE is not a substitute for regular mammograms or clinical breast exams by a healthcare provider, but it can help women become more familiar with their own breasts and detect any changes early on, which can improve their chances of successful treatment. It is important to note that breast changes can be caused by a variety of factors, including hormonal changes, injury, or infection, and not all changes are indicative of cancer.
Neoplasm proteins are proteins that are produced by cancer cells. These proteins are often abnormal and can contribute to the growth and spread of cancer. They can be detected in the blood or other body fluids, and their presence can be used as a diagnostic tool for cancer. Some neoplasm proteins are also being studied as potential targets for cancer treatment.
Tamoxifen is a medication that is primarily used to treat breast cancer in women. It works by blocking the effects of estrogen, a hormone that can stimulate the growth of breast cancer cells. Tamoxifen is often used as part of a combination therapy, along with other medications or surgery, to treat breast cancer. It can also be used to prevent breast cancer in women who are at high risk of developing the disease, such as those who have a family history of breast cancer or who have certain genetic mutations that increase their risk. Tamoxifen is usually taken orally in the form of tablets, and the dosage and duration of treatment will depend on the individual patient's needs and the type and stage of their breast cancer.
In the medical field, a confidence interval is a range of values that is likely to contain a population parameter with a certain level of confidence. A population parameter is a characteristic of a population, such as the mean or proportion of a particular trait in a group of people. For example, a researcher might want to estimate the mean blood pressure of a population of adults. To do this, they might collect a sample of blood pressure measurements from a random group of adults and calculate the mean blood pressure of the sample. They could then use statistical methods to calculate a confidence interval for the mean blood pressure of the population. A 95% confidence interval means that there is a 95% chance that the true mean blood pressure of the population falls within the range of values given by the confidence interval. This is useful because it allows researchers to make statements about the population parameter with a certain level of certainty, even though they are only working with a sample of data. Confidence intervals are commonly used in medical research to estimate the effectiveness of treatments, to compare the results of different treatments, and to assess the accuracy of diagnostic tests. They are also used in other fields, such as economics and social sciences, to make inferences about population parameters.
Breast disease
Benign proliferative breast disease
Paget's disease of the breast
Breast augmentation
Breast development
Cleavage (breasts)
Breast hypertrophy
Breast milk
Breast hematoma
Cancer systems biology
Lisa A. Carey
Monoclonal antibody therapy
Ovarian disease
Cyst of Montgomery
Nodal homolog
Actinomycosis
Recurrent cancer
Breast tension
Medical uses of bicalutamide
Fibrocystic breast changes
Breast cancer
Mouse models of breast cancer metastasis
Didier Pittet
Morphogenesis
Somashekhar SP
Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor
Onapristone
Sex differences in medicine
Windber Research Institute
Pink and blue ribbon
Afimoxifene
Tuberculoma
Doxifluridine
Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer | CDC
Breast Diseases | Fibroadenoma | MedlinePlus
Breast disease - Wikipedia
GHO | By indicator | Existence of national screening program for breast cancer (Noncommunicable diseases)
American Society of Breast Disease
Chagas Disease and Breast-feeding - Volume 19, Number 10-October 2013 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
Exploring specific prognostic biomarkers in triple-negative breast cancer | Cell Death & Disease
Breast Cancer and Heart Disease | University Hospitals
Project launched to bust myth breast cancer is 'white person's disease'
Breast Cancer: Recovery | GreenMedInfo | Disease | Natural Medicine
Bird, breast, cancer, disease, fly, ribbon icon - Download on Iconfinder
Fibrocystic Breast Disease | RxMed: Diseases and Preparations' Description
Fibrocystic Breast Disease - Today's Woman, Articles, Product Reviews and Giveaways
How to check your breasts for lumps as campaigner Nicky Newman dies from disease
WHO EMRO | Association of breast artery calcification with coronary artery disease and carotid intima-media thickness in...
Periodontal disease associated with increased breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women
MD Anderson Physicians Find Increase in Rare Diseases Among Women with Breast Implants - Breast Implant Information
Hypernatraemic dehydration and breast feeding: a population study | Archives of Disease in Childhood
Male Breast Cancer Patients Face High Prevalence of CV Disease Risk Factors - American College of Cardiology
Myriad Genetics and Leading Cancer Center Collaborate to Study the Use of Minimal Residual Disease Testing in Breast Cancer
P1-64 Novel genetic risk variants for breast cancer: from discovery to disease prevention | Journal of Epidemiology & Community...
Male Breast Cancer: The Disease No One's Talking About
Pediatric Breast Disorders: Background, Embryology and Breast Development, Congenital Breast Anomalies
Pediatric Breast Disorders: Background, Embryology and Breast Development, Congenital Breast Anomalies
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WHO HQ Library catalog
Protective elements of breast milk in the prevention of gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases
Cardiovascular disease competes with breast cancer as the leading cause of death for older females diagnosed with breast cancer...
Nonadherence to Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening: What Are the Linkages to Chronic Disease Risk?
Cancers13
- If you are a woman with a family health history of breast or ovarian cancer, you may be more likely to get these cancers yourself. (cdc.gov)
- The most aggressive subtype is TNBC, lacking of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), accounting for 15-20% of all breast cancers 5 . (nature.com)
- Previous research has found links between periodontal disease and oral, esophageal, head and neck, pancreatic, and lung cancers, so the researchers wanted to see if there was any relationship with breast cancer. (medicalxpress.com)
- Male breast cancer accounts for only about 1% of all breast cancers. (jimstoppani.com)
- The wide disparity in breast cancer death rates between Black and White women likely reflects fewer cancers being diagnosed at a localized (early) stage (57% in Black women compared with 67% in White women), as well as less access to high-quality treatment. (communityvoiceks.com)
- Those more aggressive cancers include triple-negative breast cancer, which is aggressive and challenging to treat. (communityvoiceks.com)
- Welcome to "New Concepts in the Biology and Management of Aggressive Breast Cancers" 6th International Inflammatory Breast Cancer Symposium. (docpharmix.com)
- Evidence also suggests that early breastfeeding cessation is associated with an increased risk of postpartum depression, and we know that continued breastfeeding reduces mothers' risk of breast and ovarian cancers and non-communicable diseases such as type-2-diabetes," she says. (otago.ac.nz)
- In addition to lowering a mother's risk for type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure, breastfeeding can also lower a mother's risk of breast and ovarian cancers. (cdc.gov)
- A total of 3,339 incident breast cancers (2,607 invasive breast cancer , 732 DCIS ) were identified. (bvsalud.org)
- Breast cancer accounted for 32% of diagnosed cancers and 20% of cancer deaths among women (1). (cdc.gov)
- Among women, breast cancer is one of the most common cancers. (msdmanuals.com)
- In the United States, breast cancer is the second most common cancer in women (skin cancers are most common). (msdmanuals.com)
Fibrocystic9
- Also called: fibrocystic breast disease, chronic cystic mastitis, diffuse cystic mastopathy, mammary dysplasia These may be caused among others by trauma, secretory stasis/milk engorgement, hormonal stimulation, infections or autoimmune reactions. (wikipedia.org)
- Fibrocystic breast disease is a generalized term for non- malignant lumps in breasts, causing pain. (rxmed.com)
- Therefore the term benign breast disease or fibrocystic condition would be more appropriate. (rxmed.com)
- Fibrocystic breast disease is the most frequent cause of lumps in the breast. (rxmed.com)
- Very little is known about genetic aspects of fibrocystic breast disease, but family history of cysts is common. (rxmed.com)
- Some studies indicate that ingestion of methylxanthine- containing substances (e.g. coffee, tea, cola and chocolates), and smoking cigarettes are associated with a higher incidence and greater extent of fibrocystic breast disease. (rxmed.com)
- What Foods Should I Avoid With Fibrocystic Breast Disease? (todays-woman.net)
- More than half of women experience fibrocystic breast disease at some part of their lives. (todays-woman.net)
- Depending on the severity, a woman with fibrocystic breast disease may or may not notice or experience pain. (todays-woman.net)
Lumps6
- Your age, hormone levels, and medicines you take may cause lumps, bumps, and discharges (fluids that are not breast milk). (medlineplus.gov)
- Approximately 7% of breast lumps are fibroadenomas and 10% are breast cancer, the rest being other benign conditions or no disease. (wikipedia.org)
- Causes of benign breast disease are unknown, but lumps are probably sustained by estrogen and possibly also related to dietary fat and caffeine intake. (rxmed.com)
- Practice monthly breast self-examination to check breasts for lumps and changes in lumps after diagnosis. (rxmed.com)
- Painful tender breast lump, either solitary or more commonly multiple tender lumps, usually in upper outer quadrants of the breast. (rxmed.com)
- For patient education information, see Breast Lumps and Pain and Breast Self-Exam . (medscape.com)
20234
- Amy Dowden was diagnosed with breast cancer in early 2023. (yahoo.com)
- SALT LAKE CITY, Sept. 18, 2023 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Myriad Genetics, Inc. , (NASDAQ: MYGN), a leader in genetic testing and precision medicine, today announced a collaboration with Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK) to study the use of minimal residual disease (MRD) testing in breast cancer. (nwahomepage.com)
- Poland's internal security officers were searching for the source of a deadly outbreak of Legionnaires' disease which has killed seven people and infected more than 100 others in the strategic city of Rzeszow, near the border with Ukraine, authorities said Friday Aug. 25, 2023. (kxan.com)
- In 2023, in men in the United States, it is estimated there will be 2800 new cases of invasive breast cancer and 530 deaths from it. (msdmanuals.com)
Benign8
- A breast neoplasm may be benign, as in fibroadenoma, or it may be malignant, in which case it is termed breast cancer. (wikipedia.org)
- At least 50% of women have benign breast disease during their lifetime. (rxmed.com)
- Routine laboratory tests are not helpful in evaluation of benign breast disease. (rxmed.com)
- Breast disorders occurring in pediatric patients range from congenital conditions to neonatal infections and from benign disorders such as fibroadenoma in females and gynecomastia in males to breast carcinoma and rhabdomyosarcoma . (medscape.com)
- In response to a request from the director of Mainstreet Enterprises (SIC-3273), a nonprofit rehabilitation sheltered workshop in Lebanon, Indiana, an evaluation was made of the occurrence of benign breast tumors among female workers exposed to concrete dust during packaging of dry powdered concrete mortar mix (Fix-Crete). (cdc.gov)
- No significant differences in the prevalence of benign breast tumors was noted in supervisors working on the concrete powder process when compared to those who did not work in this area. (cdc.gov)
- No evidence was found to link the occurrence of benign breast tumors to chemical exposures at the facility. (cdc.gov)
- Overview of Breast Disorders Breast disorders may be noncancerous (benign) or cancerous (malignant). (msdmanuals.com)
Invasive3
- Periodontal disease may be associated with increased breast cancer risk , but studies have not considered invasive breast cancer and ductal carcinoma in situ ( DCIS ) separately in the same population . (bvsalud.org)
- Heterogeneity in risk for invasive breast cancer versus DCIS was also estimated. (bvsalud.org)
- The heterogeneity in risk associations for invasive breast cancer versus DCIS warrants further exploration. (bvsalud.org)
Prevention6
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
- The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. (cdc.gov)
- to identify the protective elements of breast milk that work in the prevention of gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases. (bvsalud.org)
- FILE - This 1978 electron microscope image made available by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention shows Legionella pneumophila bacteria which are responsible for causing the pneumonic disease Legionnaires' disease. (kxan.com)
- Div of Chronic Disease Control and Community Intervention, Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC. (cdc.gov)
- The two principal modes established for secondary prevention are clinical breast examination and mammography (13). (cdc.gov)
Tissue7
- A breast tumor is an abnormal mass of tissue in the breast as a result of neoplasia. (wikipedia.org)
- We all have breast tissue, so all genders should be checking theirs once a month, whether that's in the shower, in bed, or before getting dressed. (yahoo.com)
- One possible explanation for the link between periodontal disease and breast cancer is that those bacteria enter the body's circulation and ultimately affect breast tissue. (medicalxpress.com)
- The fact is, all men have some amount of breast tissue. (jimstoppani.com)
- Athelia (ie, absence of nipples) and amastia (ie, absence of breast tissue) may occur bilaterally or unilaterally. (medscape.com)
- Accessory or ectopic breast tissue responds to hormonal stimulation and may cause discomfort during menstrual cycles. (medscape.com)
- Mastitis neonatorum or infections of the breast tissue may also occur during the newborn period. (medscape.com)
Biopsy1
- Myriad is working together with Pedram Razavi, MD, PhD, a breast medical oncologist and Director of Liquid Biopsy & Genomics at MSK Global Biomarker Development Program. (nwahomepage.com)
Chronic obstruc1
- Fully adjusted relative hazards of the effects of comorbidities on breast cancer-specific mortality were 1.24 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.13 to 1.26) for cardiovascular disease, 1.13 (95% CI 1.13 to 1.26) for previous cancer, 1.13 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.22) for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and 1.10 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.16) for diabetes. (biomedcentral.com)
Symptoms7
- Minor and serious breast problems have similar symptoms. (medlineplus.gov)
- The most common symptoms are a breast mass, breast pain, and nipple discharge. (wikipedia.org)
- Homeopathy appears to have value for menopausal symptoms in breast cancer survivors. (greenmedinfo.com)
- To familiarise yourself further about what might not be normal, see our useful guide on breast cancer signs and symptoms . (yahoo.com)
- And because most men would never imagine that they could get breast cancer, they wait far too long to seek the medical attention they need when early symptoms arise. (jimstoppani.com)
- But many men delay seeing their doctors if they notice unusual signs or symptoms, such as a breast lump. (jimstoppani.com)
- The best thing you can do, in addition to watching yourself for any signs or symptoms, is talk about male breast cancer with your friends. (jimstoppani.com)
Milk10
- Breast cancer is cancer of the breast tissues, most commonly arising from the milk ducts. (wikipedia.org)
- We searched the literature in PubMed ( www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed ), EMBASE ( www.elsevier.com/online-tools/embase ), and Google Scholar ( http://scholar.google.com/ ) for all published articles until January 2013, using the terms "breast-feeding" and "Chagas," "breastfeeding" and " Trypanosoma cruzi ," "milk" and "Chagas," and "milk" and " Trypanosoma cruzi . (cdc.gov)
- the search was performed on Bireme, Lilacs, Medline and Scielo databases, using keywords breast milk, gastrointestinal disease and respiratory disease, with limits of languages (English, Portuguese and Spanish) and period (1996 to 2009). (bvsalud.org)
- Breast milk also contains other immunoglobulins, antibodies, oligosaccharides, lipids, bioactive peptides, among other components with unique mechanisms that besides the protection against these diseases, stimulate the development of infants' immune systems. (bvsalud.org)
- No other milk has these properties, and may even be the cause of these diseases. (bvsalud.org)
- Perceived insufficient milk supply is reported to be a leading cause of early cessation of breastfeeding, yet it is currently unknown whether the perception of insufficient milk supply is associated with actual low breast milk supply. (otago.ac.nz)
- To the best of my knowledge this research will be the first using the gold standard stable isotope method to assess breast milk volumes - actual breast milk supply - and its association with maternal perception of breast milk supply," Dr Daniels says. (otago.ac.nz)
- Put simply, to assess actual breast milk supply, the mother will drink a set quantity of deuterium oxide (D2O) - more commonly known as heavy water. (otago.ac.nz)
- Saliva samples collected from both māmā and pēpi over a 14-day period will determine the amount of D2O consumed by the baby through breast milk, and therefore the amount of milk baby is receiving. (otago.ac.nz)
- Breast cancer usually starts in the glands that produce milk (lobules) or the tubes (ducts) that carry milk from the glands to the nipple. (msdmanuals.com)
Periodontal disease13
- Postmenopausal women with periodontal disease were more likely to develop breast cancer than women who did not have the chronic inflammatory disease. (medicalxpress.com)
- Periodontal disease is a common condition that has been associated with heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. (medicalxpress.com)
- Periodontal disease was reported in 26.1 percent of the women. (medicalxpress.com)
- Because prior studies have shown that the effects of periodontal disease vary depending on whether a person smokes, researchers examined the associations stratified by smoking status. (medicalxpress.com)
- The researchers found that among all women, the risk of breast cancer was 14 percent higher in women who had periodontal disease. (medicalxpress.com)
- Among women who had quit smoking within the past 20 years, those with periodontal disease had a 36 percent higher risk of breast cancer. (medicalxpress.com)
- Women who were smoking at the time of this study had a 32 percent higher risk if they had periodontal disease, but the association was not statistically significant. (medicalxpress.com)
- Those who had never smoked and had quit more than 20 years ago had a 6 percent and 8 percent increased risk, respectively, if they had periodontal disease. (medicalxpress.com)
- Study Limitations: Women self-reported their periodontal disease status, after being asked whether a dentist had ever told them they had it. (medicalxpress.com)
- The Association Between Periodontal Disease and Breast Cancer in a Prospective Cohort Study. (bvsalud.org)
- Baseline periodontal disease was self -reported, and incident breast cancer was ascertained over a mean follow-up of 9.3 years. (bvsalud.org)
- About 22% of participants reported a history of periodontal disease at baseline. (bvsalud.org)
- We observed no clear association between periodontal disease and overall breast cancer risk . (bvsalud.org)
Diagnosis and treatment of breast2
- Surgery of the breast : diagnosis and treatment of breast diseases / edited by Jan Olof Strömbeck and Francis E. Rosato. (who.int)
- Attention to reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease should be a priority for the long-term care of women following the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
Tumor4
- The increased number of sites is particularly important in breast cancer, which tends to have low tumor fraction, so having more sites is critical to detecting low-level cancer with confidence. (nwahomepage.com)
- Ages and comorbidities at the time of diagnosis had the largest effects on mortality from other causes, while tumor stage, tumor grade, estrogen receptor status, age and comorbidities at the time of diagnosis all had effects on breast cancer-specific mortality. (biomedcentral.com)
- Overall, we demonstrate that BET protein targeting represents a promising strategy to overcome tumor-reactive T cell exhaustion and improve anti-tumor immune responses, by reducing the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in triplenegative breast cancer. (ssrn.com)
- Andrieu, Guillaume P. and Shafran, Jordan S. and Denis, Gerald V., BET Bromodomain Targeting Suppresses the PD-1/PD-L1 Pathway in Triple-negative Breast Cancer and Elicits Anti-tumor Immune Response (October 1, 2018). (ssrn.com)
Nipple2
- Signs of breast cancer may include a lump in the breast, a change in breast shape, dimpling of the skin, fluid coming from the nipple, a newly inverted nipple, or a red or scaly patch of skin. (wikipedia.org)
- An extra breast (ie, polymastia) or extra nipple (ie, polythelia) occurs in approximately 1% of the population. (medscape.com)
Cardiovascular5
- 40 years [6], when the risk of cardiovascular disease also becomes significant. (who.int)
- Male breast cancer patients may have a high prevalence of cardiovascular conditions, according to a small study of this rare patient population which will be presented as part of ACC's Advancing the Cardiovascular Care of the Oncology Patient Virtual course, taking place Feb. 5 6. (acc.org)
- According to the researchers, the high prevalence of cardiovascular conditions in male breast cancer patients requires further investigation to better understand the risk of preexisting heart disease on long-term outcomes for these patients. (acc.org)
- Due to the rarity of male breast cancer, there is no cardiovascular data from larger clinical trials or population studies," explains Michael Ibrahim , fourth year medical student at Georgetown University and one of the study authors. (acc.org)
- Similar to the pretreatment consultation with radiation oncology, breast surgery, and medical oncology, an upfront cardiovascular risk assessment provides greater comfort and further minimizes psychological surprise with cardiovascular complications going into cancer treatment. (acc.org)
Centers1
- Researchers from Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer and MedStar Washington Hospital Center in Washington, DC, conducted a retrospective chart review of 24 male breast cancer patients evaluated at the medical centers. (acc.org)
Incidence4
- As part of a population based regional review of all neonatal readmissions, the incidence of dehydration with hypernatraemia in exclusively breast fed infants was estimated. (bmj.com)
- They also have a higher incidence of inflammatory breast cancer, an aggressive but uncommon type of breast cancer. (communityvoiceks.com)
- ATSDR intends to evaluate male breast cancer in a planned cancer incidence study that will involve state cancer registries nationwide as well as federal cancer registries. (cdc.gov)
- Breast cancer incidence and mortality in the United States and worldwide have increased in cohorts of women born since 1900, for reasons not well understood (3,4). (cdc.gov)
Noncancerous1
- A majority of breast diseases are noncancerous. (wikipedia.org)
20184
- Breast cancer campaigner Nicky Newman has died , aged 35, after being diagnosed with the disease in 2018. (yahoo.com)
- A study published in September 2018 in the medical journal Annals of Surgery , entitled US FDA Breast Implant Postapproval Studies: Long-term Outcomes in 99,993 Patients , concluded that "silicone implants are associated with an increased risk of certain rare harms" and that further study is needed "to inform patient and surgeon decision-making. (breastimplantinfo.org)
- International Istanbul Breast Cancer Conference - BREASTANBUL 2018″, which will be held in Istanbul Wyndham Grand Hotel on. (docpharmix.com)
- Ukraine Eurama Breast Cancer Congress will be held in Vinnytsia, Ukraine on 6-7 September 2018. (docpharmix.com)
Outcomes4
- Outcomes for breast cancer vary depending on the cancer type, extent of disease, and person's age. (wikipedia.org)
- US FDA Breast Implant Postapproval Studies: Long-term Outcomes in 99,993 Patients. (breastimplantinfo.org)
- The current study assesses the effects of comorbidities on outcomes of breast cancer mortality and mortality from other causes among breast cancer survivors ages 66 and older. (biomedcentral.com)
- Although assigning a single cause of death is difficult and can be somewhat arbitrary, assessing outcomes for both breast cancer-specific mortality and mortality from other causes can assist healthcare providers and patients with breast cancer in assessing prognostic indicators and other decisions made in primary care. (biomedcentral.com)
Type-2-diabet1
- So many people all around me were sick with often preventable diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease. (cdc.gov)
Survival3
- If a man is diagnosed with breast cancer at an early stage, he has a very good chance for survival. (jimstoppani.com)
- For breast cancer, 5-year survival for all women was high-around 90%-but survival was more than 10% lower among black women compared with white women, which suggests that racial inequalities still exist despite great advances in breast cancer treatment options. (cdc.gov)
- and survival in women diagnosed with 'regional' or 'distant' breast cancer is substantially lower. (cdc.gov)
Preventable1
- The possibility of transmission through breast-feeding may be particularly relevant because, if breast-feeding is a route for transmission after delivery, such transmission may be preventable. (cdc.gov)
Clinical Trials2
- The NHS Race and Health Observatory launched a new campaign alongside Macmillan Cancer Support to improve diversity in breast cancer clinical trials. (yahoo.com)
- This partnership approach to build solutions to improve engagement in clinical trials in breast cancer treatment and care is very much welcomed. (yahoo.com)
Testicular1
- When discussing men's health issues, we tend to hear the same diseases brought up time and again: prostate cancer, testicular cancer, heart disease, high blood pressure, to name just a handful. (jimstoppani.com)
Search1
- Results of search for 'su:{Breast diseases. (who.int)
Detection3
- Despite important advances in early detection and research development, breast cancer remains a major health problem affecting women. (nature.com)
- Detection and Diagnosis of Breast Diseases Using the Multimodality Approach. (docpharmix.com)
- Early detection of breast cancer can be essential to successful treatment. (msdmanuals.com)
Examine1
- Examine breasts carefully each month, a few days after the onset of menstruation. (rxmed.com)
Commonly3
- Either case commonly presents as a breast lump. (wikipedia.org)
- [ 3 ] One breast commonly develops earlier than the other, though the breasts ultimately become symmetrical. (medscape.com)
- The most commonly used outcome when conducting epidemiologic research on cancer survivorship is all-cause mortality, which, among individuals with breast cancer, is the sum of breast cancer-specific mortality and mortality from other causes. (biomedcentral.com)
Prevalence1
- The prevalence of premature coronary artery disease (CAD) and its risk factors has been increasing among Iranian men and women in recent years [1,2], and finding a noninvasive test to predict CAD has become more important. (who.int)
Nipples2
- Although data from animal studies and human studies are scarce, we do not recommend that mothers with Chagas disease discontinue breast-feeding, unless they are experiencing the acute phase of the disease, reactivated disease resulting from immunosuppression, or bleeding nipples. (cdc.gov)
- Because breast cancer also affects men, men should be aware of changes in or around their nipples. (msdmanuals.com)
Illness1
- If I was going to remove my breasts to prevent illness, why would I not do everything in my control to keep from getting something else I could avoid? (cdc.gov)
Postmenopausal women1
- Freudenheim and colleagues monitored 73,737 postmenopausal women enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study, none of whom had previous breast cancer. (medicalxpress.com)
Cohorts3
- The MSK research team will investigate the use of MRD testing for patients in two breast cancer cohorts. (nwahomepage.com)
- This press release contains "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including that the MSK research team will use the company's high-definition MRD testing platform and investigate the use of MRD testing for patients in two breast cancer cohorts. (nwahomepage.com)
- Nulliparity, decade of first birth, and breast cancer in Connecticut cohorts, 1855 to 1945: an ecological study. (cdc.gov)
Mammography3
- With the increase in the number of women undergoing mammography for breast cancer screening [5], interest is growing too in the use of breast artery calcification (BAC) detected by mammography as a nonivasive indicator for CAD in women. (who.int)
- To assess the efficacy of combined mammography and physical breast examination in reducing breast cancer mortality, a large randomized clinical trial was conducted at the Health Insurance Plan in New York City in the mid-1960s (14). (cdc.gov)
- Based on this study, at least 19% of breast cancer deaths among women in the United States can be estimated to be attributable to nonuse of mammography (Table 2). (cdc.gov)
Women diagnosed3
- This study was undertaken to assess factors that are related to breast cancer mortality versus mortality from other causes and to describe the leading causes of death among older women diagnosed with breast cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
- Women diagnosed with breast cancer at age 66 or older between 1992 and 2000 were identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results-Medicare linked database and followed through the end of 2005. (biomedcentral.com)
- A total of 63,566 women diagnosed with breast cancer met the inclusion criteria and were followed for a median of approximately nine years. (biomedcentral.com)
Treatment3
- The findings also highlight the need for cardiologists and cardio-oncologists to be involved in male breast cancer treatment due to the common risk factors and potential cardiotoxic effects of breast cancer treatment. (acc.org)
- This collaboration could help to transform treatment for patients with metastatic breast cancer by better determining who will respond to a therapy and who will not," said Dr. Razavi. (nwahomepage.com)
- Myriad develops and offers genetic tests that help assess the risk of developing disease or disease progression and guide treatment decisions across medical specialties where genetic insights can significantly improve patient care and lower healthcare costs. (nwahomepage.com)
Heart disease2
- Learn more about the connection between breast cancer and heart disease, including a novel program devoted to screening, monitoring and treating any heart risk or condition - before, during or even years after cancer therapy. (uhhospitals.org)
- Black women are statistically more likely to have diabetes, heart disease, and are less likely to breastfeed after childbirth-all of which are risk factors for breast cancer. (communityvoiceks.com)
20171
- The Sister Study followed women without prior breast cancer ages 35 to 74 years from 2003 to 2017 (N = 49,968). (bvsalud.org)
Exposures2
American Cancer1
- See also American Cancer Society: Key Statistics for Breast Cancer . (msdmanuals.com)
Unsuccessful2
- The sole explanation for hypernatraemia was unsuccessful breast feeding in all cases. (bmj.com)
- Surgical drainage should be considered only when needle aspiration is unsuccessful, because an operation may damage the breast bud and result in reduction of adult breast size. (medscape.com)