Breast
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast
Breast Neoplasms, Male
Receptors, Estrogen
Fibrocystic Breast Disease
A common and benign breast disease characterized by varying degree of fibrocystic changes in the breast tissue. There are three major patterns of morphological changes, including FIBROSIS, formation of CYSTS, and proliferation of glandular tissue (adenosis). The fibrocystic breast has a dense irregular, lumpy, bumpy consistency.
Breast Implants
Receptor, erbB-2
A cell surface protein-tyrosine kinase receptor that is overexpressed in a variety of ADENOCARCINOMAS. It has extensive homology to and heterodimerizes with the EGF RECEPTOR, the ERBB-3 RECEPTOR, and the ERBB-4 RECEPTOR. Activation of the erbB-2 receptor occurs through heterodimer formation with a ligand-bound erbB receptor family member.
Breast Self-Examination
Receptors, Progesterone
Specific proteins found in or on cells of progesterone target tissues that specifically combine with progesterone. The cytosol progesterone-receptor complex then associates with the nucleic acids to initiate protein synthesis. There are two kinds of progesterone receptors, A and B. Both are induced by estrogen and have short half-lives.
Tamoxifen
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating
Carcinoma, Lobular
A infiltrating (invasive) breast cancer, relatively uncommon, accounting for only 5%-10% of breast tumors in most series. It is often an area of ill-defined thickening in the breast, in contrast to the dominant lump characteristic of ductal carcinoma. It is typically composed of small cells in a linear arrangement with a tendency to grow around ducts and lobules. There is likelihood of axillary nodal involvement with metastasis to meningeal and serosal surfaces. (DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1205)
Prognosis
Tumor Markers, Biological
Molecular products metabolized and secreted by neoplastic tissue and characterized biochemically in cells or body fluids. They are indicators of tumor stage and grade as well as useful for monitoring responses to treatment and predicting recurrence. Many chemical groups are represented including hormones, antigens, amino and nucleic acids, enzymes, polyamines, and specific cell membrane proteins and lipids.
Ultrasonography, Mammary
Neoplasm Metastasis
Genes, BRCA1
Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal
Antineoplastic agents that are used to treat hormone-sensitive tumors. Hormone-sensitive tumors may be hormone-dependent, hormone-responsive, or both. A hormone-dependent tumor regresses on removal of the hormonal stimulus, by surgery or pharmacological block. Hormone-responsive tumors may regress when pharmacologic amounts of hormones are administered regardless of whether previous signs of hormone sensitivity were observed. The major hormone-responsive cancers include carcinomas of the breast, prostate, and endometrium; lymphomas; and certain leukemias. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1994, p2079)
Lymphatic Metastasis
Risk Factors
Neoplasm Staging
Case-Control Studies
Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.
Postmenopause
Immunohistochemistry
Mastectomy, Segmental
Tumor Cells, Cultured
Breast Cyst
Carcinoma
Neoplasm Proteins
Proteins whose abnormal expression (gain or loss) are associated with the development, growth, or progression of NEOPLASMS. Some neoplasm proteins are tumor antigens (ANTIGENS, NEOPLASM), i.e. they induce an immune reaction to their tumor. Many neoplasm proteins have been characterized and are used as tumor markers (BIOMARKERS, TUMOR) when they are detectable in cells and body fluids as monitors for the presence or growth of tumors. Abnormal expression of ONCOGENE PROTEINS is involved in neoplastic transformation, whereas the loss of expression of TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEINS is involved with the loss of growth control and progression of the neoplasm.
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
MCF-7 Cells
Mammary Glands, Human
Fibroadenoma
Estrogen Receptor alpha
Estrogens
Compounds that interact with ESTROGEN RECEPTORS in target tissues to bring about the effects similar to those of ESTRADIOL. Estrogens stimulate the female reproductive organs, and the development of secondary female SEX CHARACTERISTICS. Estrogenic chemicals include natural, synthetic, steroidal, or non-steroidal compounds.
Premenopause
Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental
Breast Implantation
BRCA2 Protein
A large, nuclear protein, encoded by the BRCA2 gene (GENE, BRCA2). Mutations in this gene predispose humans to breast and ovarian cancer. The BRCA2 protein is an essential component of DNA repair pathways, suppressing the formation of gross chromosomal rearrangements. (from Genes Dev. 2000;14(11):1400-6)
Menopause
BRCA1 Protein
The phosphoprotein encoded by the BRCA1 gene (GENE, BRCA1). In normal cells the BRCA1 protein is localized in the nucleus, whereas in the majority of breast cancer cell lines and in malignant pleural effusions from breast cancer patients, it is localized mainly in the cytoplasm. (Science 1995;270(5237):713,789-91)
Genes, BRCA2
A tumor suppressor gene (GENES, TUMOR SUPPRESSOR) located on human chromosome 13 at locus 13q12.3. Mutations in this gene predispose humans to breast and ovarian cancer. It encodes a large, nuclear protein that is an essential component of DNA repair pathways, suppressing the formation of gross chromosomal rearrangements. (from Genes Dev 2000;14(11):1400-6)
Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms
Inflammatory Breast Neoplasms
Genes, erbB-2
The erbB-2 gene is a proto-oncogene that codes for the erbB-2 receptor (RECEPTOR, ERBB-2), a protein with structural features similar to the epidermal growth factor receptor. Its name originates from the viral oncogene homolog (v-erbB) which is a truncated form of the chicken erbB gene found in the avian erythroblastosis virus. Overexpression and amplification of the gene is associated with a significant number of adenocarcinomas. The human c-erbB-2 gene is located at 17q21.2.
Carcinoma, Ductal
Aromatase Inhibitors
Estrogen Antagonists
Carcinoma in Situ
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
Disease-Free Survival
Gene Expression Profiling
Survival Analysis
A class of statistical procedures for estimating the survival function (function of time, starting with a population 100% well at a given time and providing the percentage of the population still well at later times). The survival analysis is then used for making inferences about the effects of treatments, prognostic factors, exposures, and other covariates on the function.
Mice, Nude
Mass Screening
Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
Follow-Up Studies
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols
Treatment Outcome
Incidence
Cohort Studies
Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.
Estradiol
RNA, Messenger
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
Risk
Biopsy, Needle
Age Factors
Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
Prospective Studies
Retrospective Studies
Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.
Sensitivity and Specificity
Risk Assessment
Mastectomy, Modified Radical
Signal Transduction
The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.
Survival Rate
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators
A structurally diverse group of compounds distinguished from ESTROGENS by their ability to bind and activate ESTROGEN RECEPTORS but act as either an agonist or antagonist depending on the tissue type and hormonal milieu. They are classified as either first generation because they demonstrate estrogen agonist properties in the ENDOMETRIUM or second generation based on their patterns of tissue specificity. (Horm Res 1997;48:155-63)
Neoadjuvant Therapy
Odds Ratio
The ratio of two odds. The exposure-odds ratio for case control data is the ratio of the odds in favor of exposure among cases to the odds in favor of exposure among noncases. The disease-odds ratio for a cohort or cross section is the ratio of the odds in favor of disease among the exposed to the odds in favor of disease among the unexposed. The prevalence-odds ratio refers to an odds ratio derived cross-sectionally from studies of prevalent cases.
Apoptosis
One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.
Cyclophosphamide
Precursor of an alkylating nitrogen mustard antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent that must be activated in the LIVER to form the active aldophosphamide. It has been used in the treatment of LYMPHOMA and LEUKEMIA. Its side effect, ALOPECIA, has been used for defleecing sheep. Cyclophosphamide may also cause sterility, birth defects, mutations, and cancer.
Ovarian Neoplasms
Epirubicin
Disease Progression
Survivors
Adenofibroma
Multivariate Analysis
Proportional Hazards Models
Lymph Nodes
Reproducibility of Results
The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.
Blotting, Western
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
Antibodies from non-human species whose protein sequences have been modified to make them nearly identical with human antibodies. If the constant region and part of the variable region are replaced, they are called humanized. If only the constant region is modified they are called chimeric. INN names for humanized antibodies end in -zumab.
Ki-67 Antigen
Cell Division
Germ-Line Mutation
Nitriles
Taxoids
Gene Amplification
A selective increase in the number of copies of a gene coding for a specific protein without a proportional increase in other genes. It occurs naturally via the excision of a copy of the repeating sequence from the chromosome and its extrachromosomal replication in a plasmid, or via the production of an RNA transcript of the entire repeating sequence of ribosomal RNA followed by the reverse transcription of the molecule to produce an additional copy of the original DNA sequence. Laboratory techniques have been introduced for inducing disproportional replication by unequal crossing over, uptake of DNA from lysed cells, or generation of extrachromosomal sequences from rolling circle replication.
Tissue Array Analysis
Neoplasms
Predictive Value of Tests
In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.
Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
Mutation
Radiotherapy, Adjuvant
Parity
Cell Movement
Immunoenzyme Techniques
RNA, Small Interfering
Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs (21-31 nucleotides) involved in GENE SILENCING functions, especially RNA INTERFERENCE (RNAi). Endogenously, siRNAs are generated from dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) by the same ribonuclease, Dicer, that generates miRNAs (MICRORNAS). The perfect match of the siRNAs' antisense strand to their target RNAs mediates RNAi by siRNA-guided RNA cleavage. siRNAs fall into different classes including trans-acting siRNA (tasiRNA), repeat-associated RNA (rasiRNA), small-scan RNA (scnRNA), and Piwi protein-interacting RNA (piRNA) and have different specific gene silencing functions.
Fluorouracil
Epithelial Cells
Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body by forming cellular layers (EPITHELIUM) or masses. Epithelial cells lining the SKIN; the MOUTH; the NOSE; and the ANAL CANAL derive from ectoderm; those lining the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM and the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM derive from endoderm; others (CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM and LYMPHATIC SYSTEM) derive from mesoderm. Epithelial cells can be classified mainly by cell shape and function into squamous, glandular and transitional epithelial cells.
Mucin-1
Carbohydrate antigen elevated in patients with tumors of the breast, ovary, lung, and prostate as well as other disorders. The mucin is expressed normally by most glandular epithelia but shows particularly increased expression in the breast at lactation and in malignancy. It is thus an established serum marker for breast cancer.
Neoplasm Transplantation
Antigens, CD24
Neoplasms, Second Primary
Abnormal growths of tissue that follow a previous neoplasm but are not metastases of the latter. The second neoplasm may have the same or different histological type and can occur in the same or different organs as the previous neoplasm but in all cases arises from an independent oncogenic event. The development of the second neoplasm may or may not be related to the treatment for the previous neoplasm since genetic risk or predisposing factors may actually be the cause.
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
Biopsy
Logistic Models
Statistical models which describe the relationship between a qualitative dependent variable (that is, one which can take only certain discrete values, such as the presence or absence of a disease) and an independent variable. A common application is in epidemiology for estimating an individual's risk (probability of a disease) as a function of a given risk factor.
Mastectomy, Radical
SEER Program
A cancer registry mandated under the National Cancer Act of 1971 to operate and maintain a population-based cancer reporting system, reporting periodically estimates of cancer incidence and mortality in the United States. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program is a continuing project of the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health. Among its goals, in addition to assembling and reporting cancer statistics, are the monitoring of annual cancer incident trends and the promoting of studies designed to identify factors amenable to cancer control interventions. (From National Cancer Institute, NIH Publication No. 91-3074, October 1990)
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
Gynecomastia
Questionnaires
Neoplasms, Basal Cell
Tumor Suppressor Proteins
Down-Regulation
Tumor Burden
Registries
Tumor Suppressor Protein p53
Estrogen Replacement Therapy
The use of hormonal agents with estrogen-like activity in postmenopausal or other estrogen-deficient women to alleviate effects of hormone deficiency, such as vasomotor symptoms, DYSPAREUNIA, and progressive development of OSTEOPOROSIS. This may also include the use of progestational agents in combination therapy.
Neoplasm Grading
Promoter Regions, Genetic
Genotype
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic
Kaplan-Meier Estimate
A nonparametric method of compiling LIFE TABLES or survival tables. It combines calculated probabilities of survival and estimates to allow for observations occurring beyond a measurement threshold, which are assumed to occur randomly. Time intervals are defined as ending each time an event occurs and are therefore unequal. (From Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1995)
Polymerase Chain Reaction
In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Genetic Testing
Transfection
Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor
A cell surface receptor involved in regulation of cell growth and differentiation. It is specific for EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR and EGF-related peptides including TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR ALPHA; AMPHIREGULIN; and HEPARIN-BINDING EGF-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR. The binding of ligand to the receptor causes activation of its intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity and rapid internalization of the receptor-ligand complex into the cell.
Aromatase
An enzyme that catalyzes the desaturation (aromatization) of the ring A of C19 androgens and converts them to C18 estrogens. In this process, the 19-methyl is removed. This enzyme is membrane-bound, located in the endoplasmic reticulum of estrogen-producing cells of ovaries, placenta, testes, adipose, and brain tissues. Aromatase is encoded by the CYP19 gene, and functions in complex with NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE in the cytochrome P-450 system.
Antigens, Neoplasm
Lymph Node Excision
Polymorphism, Genetic
The regular and simultaneous occurrence in a single interbreeding population of two or more discontinuous genotypes. The concept includes differences in genotypes ranging in size from a single nucleotide site (POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE) to large nucleotide sequences visible at a chromosomal level.
In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
Transcription Factors
Confidence Intervals
Gene Expression
Radiographic Image Enhancement
European Continental Ancestry Group
Up-Regulation
DNA Methylation
Neoplastic Stem Cells
Neoplasms, Ductal, Lobular, and Medullary
Mastectomy, Simple
Hyperplasia
RNA Interference
A gene silencing phenomenon whereby specific dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) trigger the degradation of homologous mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER). The specific dsRNAs are processed into SMALL INTERFERING RNA (siRNA) which serves as a guide for cleavage of the homologous mRNA in the RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEX. DNA METHYLATION may also be triggered during this process.
Neoplastic Cells, Circulating
Neoplasms, Multiple Primary
Cell Cycle
The complex series of phenomena, occurring between the end of one CELL DIVISION and the end of the next, by which cellular material is duplicated and then divided between two daughter cells. The cell cycle includes INTERPHASE, which includes G0 PHASE; G1 PHASE; S PHASE; and G2 PHASE, and CELL DIVISION PHASE.
Progestins
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Phenotype
Base Sequence
Genes, Tumor Suppressor
Mice, SCID
Mice homozygous for the mutant autosomal recessive gene "scid" which is located on the centromeric end of chromosome 16. These mice lack mature, functional lymphocytes and are thus highly susceptible to lethal opportunistic infections if not chronically treated with antibiotics. The lack of B- and T-cell immunity resembles severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) syndrome in human infants. SCID mice are useful as animal models since they are receptive to implantation of a human immune system producing SCID-human (SCID-hu) hematochimeric mice.
Heterozygote
Mammaglobin A
Neovascularization, Pathologic
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Keratin-5
Gene Silencing
Antibiotics, Antineoplastic
Increased expression of fibroblast growth factor 8 in human breast cancer. (1/3694)
Fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8) is an important developmental protein which is oncogenic and able to cooperate with wnt-1 to produce mouse mammary carcinoma. The level of expression of FGF8 mRNA was measured in 68 breast cancers and 24 non-malignant breast tissues. Elevated levels of FGF8 mRNA were found in malignant compared to non-malignant breast tissues with significantly more malignant tissues expressing FGF8 (P=0.019) at significantly higher levels (P=0.031). In situ hybridization of breast cancer tissues and analysis of purified populations of normal epithelial cells and breast cancer cell lines showed that malignant epithelial cells expressed FGF8 mRNA at high levels compared to non-malignant epithelial and myoepithelial cells and fibroblasts. Although two of the receptors which FGF8 binds to (FGFR2-IIIc, FGFR3-IIIc) are not expressed in breast cancer cells, an autocrine activation loop is possible since expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) 4 and FGFR1 are retained in malignant epithelial cells. This is the first member of the FGF family to have increased expression in breast cancer and a potential autocrine role in its progression. (+info)Mammography and 99mTc-MIBI scintimammography in suspected breast cancer. (2/3694)
The aim of this work has been to evaluate whether a diagnostic protocol based on the joint use of mammography and 99mTc-methoxyisobutyl isonitrile (MIBI) scintimammography is capable of reducing the number of biopsies required in patients with suspected breast cancer. METHODS: We performed prone scintimammography in 90 patients with suspected breast cancer, involving 97 lesions. In all patients, the diagnosis was established by way of biopsy. On mammography, we evaluated the degree of suspicion of malignancy and the size of the lesion (smaller or larger than 1 cm in diameter). RESULTS: The results of only 41 of the biopsies indicated malignancy. On mammography, 20 lesions (of which 1 was breast cancer) were considered to be of low suspicion of malignancy, 31 (of which 4 were breast cancer) as indeterminate and 46 (of which 36 were breast cancer) as high. Fourteen lesions (2 low probability, 2 indeterminate and 10 high) were smaller than 1 cm, whereas 83 (18 low probability, 29 indeterminate and 36 high) were larger. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of scintimammography were 85%, 79%, 74% and 88%, respectively. Scintimammography was positive in all cases of breast cancer that initially had a low or indeterminate suspicion of malignancy according to mammography, as well as in 30 cases of breast cancer that initially were highly suspicious. Six false-negative scintimammography studies were obtained in lesions with a high suspicion of malignancy. CONCLUSION: We propose a diagnostic protocol with a biopsy performed on lesions that have a high suspicion of malignancy as well as those with low or indeterminate suspicion that are smaller than 1 cm or with positive scintimammography results. This would have reduced the total number of biopsies performed by 34%. More importantly, there would have been a 65% reduction in number of biopsies performed in the low and indeterminate mammographic suspicion groups. All 41 cases of breast cancer would have been detected. (+info)The effect of the antiscatter grid on full-field digital mammography phantom images. (3/3694)
Computer Analysis of Mammography Phantom Images (CAMPI) is a method for making quantitative measurements of image quality. This article reports on a recent application of this method to a prototype full-field digital mammography (FFDM) machine. Images of a modified ACR phantom were acquired on the General Electric Diagnostic Molybdenum Rhodium (GE-DMR) FFDM machine at a number of x-ray techniques, both with and without the scatter reduction grid. The techniques were chosen so that one had sets of grid and non-grid images with matched doses (200 mrads) and matched gray-scale values (1500). A third set was acquired at constant 26 kVp and varying mAs for both grid conditions. Analyses of the images yielded signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR), contrast and noise corresponding to each target object, and a non-uniformity measure. The results showed that under conditions of equal gray-scale value the grid images were markedly superior, albeit at higher doses than the non-grid images. Under constant dose conditions, the non-grid images were slightly superior in SNR (7%) but markedly less uniform (60%). Overall, the grid images had substantially greater contrast and superior image uniformity. These conclusions applied to the whole kVp range studied for the Mo-Mo target filter combination and 4 cm of breast equivalent material of average composition. These results suggest that use of the non-grid technique in digital mammography with the GE-DMR-FFDM unit, is presently not warranted. With improved uniformity correction procedure, this conclusion would change and one should be able to realize a 14% reduction in patient dose at the same SNR by using a non-grid technique. (+info)Macronutrient intake and change in mammographic density at menopause: results from a randomized trial. (4/3694)
To examine the effects of dietary fat intake on breast cancer risk, we are conducting a randomized trial of dietary intervention in women with extensive areas of radiologically dense breast tissue on mammography, a risk factor for breast cancer. Early results show that after 2 years on a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet there is a significant reduction in area of density, particularly in women going through menopause. In women who went through menopause during the 2-year follow-up, the mean decreases in area of density and percentage of density in the intervention group were 11.0 cm2 and 11.0%, respectively, whereas the control group decreased 4.5 cm2 and 5.2%. The purpose of this analysis was to determine whether changes in intake of specific macronutrients could account for the observed reduction in breast density in these women. Differences between 2-year and baseline values of macronutrients (averaged over 3 nonconsecutive days of food intake) were calculated. We examined the effect of dietary variables, adjusted for changes in total calorie intake and weight and for family history of breast cancer, on changes in area of density and percentage of density using linear regression. Reduction in total or saturated fat intake or cholesterol intake was significantly associated with decreased dense area (p < or = .004). The most significant dietary variable associated with reduction in percentage of density was reduction in dietary cholesterol intake (P = 0.001), although reducing saturated fat intake was of borderline significance (P = 0.05). The effect of the membership in the intervention and control groups on change in area of density or percentage of density was reduced by models that included changes in intake of any fat, or cholesterol, or carbohydrates. The observation of an effect of diet at menopause on breast density, a marker of increased risk of breast cancer, may be an indication that exposures at this time have an enhanced effect on subsequent risk. (+info)Inhibition of aberrant proliferation and induction of apoptosis in HER-2/neu oncogene transformed human mammary epithelial cells by N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide. (5/3694)
Epithelial cells from non-cancerous mammary tissue in response to exposure to chemical carcinogens or transfection with oncogenes exhibit hyperproliferation and hyperplasia prior to the development of cancer. Aberrant proliferation may, therefore, represent a modifiable early occurring preneoplastic event that is susceptible to chemoprevention of carcinogenesis. The synthetic retinoid N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (HPR), has exhibited preventive efficacy in several in vitro and in vivo breast cancer models, and represents a promising chemopreventive compound for clinical trials. Clinically relevant biochemical and cellular mechanisms responsible for the chemopreventive effects of HPR, however, are not fully understood. Experiments were performed on preneoplastic human mammary epithelial 184-B5/HER cells derived from reduction mammoplasty and initiated for tumorigenic transformation by overexpression of HER-2/neu oncogene, to examine whether HPR inhibits aberrant proliferation of these cells and to identify the possible mechanism(s) responsible for the inhibitory effects of HPR. Continuous 7-day treatment with HPR produced a dose-dependent, reversible growth inhibition. Long-term (21 day) treatment of 184-B5/HER cells with HPR inhibited anchorage-dependent colony formation by approximately 80% (P < 0.01) relative to that observed in the solvent control. A 24 h treatment with cytostatic 400 nM HPR produced a 25% increase (P = 0.01) in G0/G1 phase, and a 36% decrease (P = 0.01) in S phase of the cell cycle. HPR treatment also induced a 10-fold increase (P = 0.02) in the sub-G0 (apoptotic) peak that was down-regulated in the presence of the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine. Treatment with HPR resulted in a 30% reduction of cellular immunoreactivity to tyrosine kinase, whereas immunoreactivity to p185HER remained essentially unaltered. HPR exposure resulted in time-dependent increase in cellular metabolism of the retinoid as evidenced by increased formation of the inert metabolite N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-retinamide (MPR) and progressive increase in apoptosis. Thus, HPR-induced inhibition of aberrant proliferation may be caused, in part, by its ability to inhibit HER-2/neu-mediated proliferative signal transduction, retard cell cycle progression and upregulate cellular apoptosis. (+info)Benzodiazepine premedication: can it improve outcome in patients undergoing breast biopsy procedures? (6/3694)
BACKGROUND: Women awaiting needle-guided breast biopsy procedures may experience high anxiety levels. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was designed to evaluate the ability of midazolam and diazepam (in a lipid emulsion [Dizac]) to improve patient comfort during needle localization and breast biopsy procedures. METHODS: Ninety women received two consecutive doses of a study medication, one before the mammographic needle localization and a second before entering the operating room. Patients were assigned randomly to receive saline, 2.0 ml intravenously, at the two time points; midazolam, 1.0 mg intravenously and 2.0 mg intravenously; or diazepam emulsion, 2.0 mg intravenously and 5.0 mg intravenously, respectively. Patients assessed their anxiety levels before the needle localization, before entering the operating room, and on arrival in the operating room. Patients completed a questionnaire evaluating their perioperative experience at the time of discharge. RESULTS: Patient satisfaction during needle localization was significantly improved in both benzodiazepine treatment groups (vs. saline). The incidence of moderate-to-severe discomfort during needle localization was lower in the midazolam (20%) and diazepam emulsion (6%) groups compared with the saline group (70%) (P<0.05). The preoperative visual analogue scale anxiety scores were similar in all three groups. In the operating room, however, anxiety scores were 55% and 68% lower after midazolam (21+/-19) and diazepam emulsion (15+/-14) compared with saline (46+/-28). Finally, there was no difference in the time to achieve home-readiness or actual discharge time among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: Premedication with midazolam or diazepam emulsion improved patients' comfort during needle localization procedures and significantly reduced intraoperative anxiety levels before breast biopsy procedures without prolonging discharge times. Use of diazepam emulsion may be an effective alternative to midazolam in this population. (+info)Double-phase 99mTc-sestamibi scintimammography and trans-scan in diagnosing breast cancer. (7/3694)
The goal of our study was to assess the value of both scintimammography with 99mTc-sestamibi (SMM) and trans-scan (T-scan) in detecting breast cancer. METHODS: A total of 121 women were evaluated by palpation, mammography, SMM and T-scan. SMM was performed in the prone, breast dependent position. Immediate and delayed views (double-phase) were obtained. T-scan is a new breast imaging method that maps noninvasively the distribution of tissue electrical impedance and capacitance. RESULTS: SMM had 88.9% sensitivity, 88.4% specificity and 88.4% accuracy in detecting breast cancer. SMM had 100% sensitivity in detecting breast tumors >1 cm and only 66% sensitivity in detecting tumors <1 cm. T-scan had 72.2% sensitivity and 67% specificity in detecting breast cancer. It detected one more breast cancer than SMM, at the expense of 27 additional false-positive results. CONCLUSION: Double-phase SMM was sensitive and specific in detecting breast cancer. This method may reduce the rate of negative breast biopsies in tumors >1 cm. T-scan was only moderately accurate in detecting breast cancer. Its addition to SMM did not improve significantly the rate of breast cancer detection. However, because of its complete noninvasiveness, large-scale applicability and low cost, T-scan deserves further refining. (+info)N-acetyltransferase 1 genetic polymorphism, cigarette smoking, well-done meat intake, and breast cancer risk. (8/3694)
N-Acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1), encoded by the polymorphic NAT1 gene, has been shown to be one of the major enzymes in human breast tissue that activates aromatic and heterocyclic amines. Humans are mainly exposed to these carcinogens through cigarette smoking and consumption of well-done meat. To test the hypothesis that variations in the NAT1 gene are related to breast cancer risk, particularly among women who smoke or consume high levels of well-done meat, a nested case-control study was conducted in a prospective cohort study of 41,837 postmenopausal Iowa women. Information on cigarette smoking and other breast cancer risk factors was obtained at the baseline survey conducted in 1986. DNA samples and information on the consumption of well-done meat were obtained, in the case-control study, from breast cancer cases diagnosed from 1992 to 1994 and a random sample of cancer-free cohort members. Genomic DNA samples obtained from 154 cases and 330 controls were assayed for 11 NAT1 alleles (NAT1*3, *4, *5, *10, *11, *14, *15, *16, *17, *19, and *22). The NAT1*4 allele was the predominant allele observed in this study population, accounting for 73.2% (72.4% in cases versus 73.8% in controls) of the total alleles analyzed. Compared to controls, breast cancer cases had a slightly higher frequency of the NAT1*10 allele (18.8% in cases versus 17.3% in controls) and a substantially higher frequency of the NAT1*11 allele (3.6% versus 1.2%). In multivariate analyses, we found a 30% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.8-1.9] elevated risk of breast cancer associated with the NAT1*10 allele and a nearly 4-fold (95% CI = 1.5-10.5) elevated risk associated with the NAT1*11 allele. The positive association of breast cancer with the NAT1*11 allele was more evident among smokers [odds ratio (OR) = 13.2, 95% CI = 1.5-116.0] and those who consumed a high level of red meat (OR = 6.1, 95% CI = 1.1-33.2) or consistently consumed their red meat well done (OR = 5.6, 95% CI = 0.5-62.7). The association of the NAT1*10 allele with breast cancer was mainly confined to former smokers (OR = 3.3, 95% CI = 1.2-9.5). These findings are consistent with a role for the NAT1 gene in the etiology of human breast cancer. (+info)
Estradiol, Tamoxifen, and Flaxseed Alter IL-1 beta and IL-1Ra Levels in Normal Human Breast Tissue in Vivo
Expression of estrogen receptors in a normal human breast epithelial cell type with luminal and stem cell characteristics and...
Tamoxifen inhibits secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor in breast cancer in vivo
The proliferation of normal human breast tissue implanted into athymic nude mice is stimulated by estrogen but not progesterone...
Cyclin gene expression and growth control in normal and neoplastic human breast epithelium | Garvan Institute of Medical...
Mammographic Density and Breast Cancer Risk: Evaluation of a Novel Method of Measuring Breast Tissue Volumes | Cancer...
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The growth response to androgen receptor signaling in ER α -negative human breast cells is dependent on p21 and mediated by...
Characterization of primary human mammary epithelial cells isolated and propagated by conditional reprogrammed cell culture -...
Gene expression patterns distinguish breast carcinomas from normal breast tissues: The Malaysian context<...
Association between expression of inflammatory markers in normal breast tissue and mammographic density among premenopausal and...
Breast Density Alone Found Not to Be a Factor for Breast Cancer Risk - Healthcanal.com : Healthcanal.com
The Difference in Presentation Level of Variant Receptors in Female Breast Tissue in Macromastia and Micromastia - Full Text...
NTNU Open: A targeted mass spectrometry immunoassay to quantify osteopontin in fresh-frozen breast tumors and adjacent normal...
Breast development - Wikipedia
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Breast cancer test tissue array, with normal breast tissues as control, including TNM, clinical stage and pathology grade, 6...
Global Breast Biopsy Market size and Key Trends in terms of volume and value 2014-2020 by SyndicateMarketResearch.Com -...
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Evaluation of the association between quantitative mammographic density and breast cancer occurred in different quadrants | BMC...
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Seprase, a membrane-bound protease, is overexpressed by invasive ductal carcinoma cells of human breast cancers
How Do Diagnosed Young Women Make Decisions About Having Opposite Healthy Breast Removed?
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n-3 and n-6 fatty acid processing and growth effects in neoplastic and non-cancerous human mammary epithelial cell lines<...
Personalized estimates of radiation dose from dedicated breast CT in a by Srinivasan Vedantham, Linxi Shi et al.
Expression of human endogenous retrovirus k envelope transcripts in human breast cancer. - Science Exchange
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Article Metrics] Study of antitumor activity in breast cell lines using silver nanopart | IJN
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List of birds of West Virginia
Yellow-breasted chat[edit]. Order: Passeriformes Family: Icteriidae This species was historically placed in the wood-warblers ( ...
Sequoiadendron giganteum
Greatest mean diameter at breast height[edit]. *General Grant - General Grant Grove - 8.8 metres (29.0 ft)[7] ... The specimen known to have the greatest diameter at breast height is the General Grant tree at 8.8 m (28.9 ft).[8] Between 2014 ...
Saturated fat
Breast cancer[edit]. Main article: Epidemiology and etiology of breast cancer § Specific dietary fatty acids ... Hanf V, Gonder U (2005-12-01). "Nutrition and primary prevention of breast cancer: foods, nutrients and breast cancer risk". ... Lof M, Weiderpass E (February 2009). "Impact of diet on breast cancer risk". Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 21 ( ... Lauric acid with 12 carbon atoms (contained in coconut oil, palm kernel oil, and breast milk) ...
Hormone replacement therapy
Breast cancer[edit]. Studies regarding the association of breast cancer with hormone replacement have been mixed and vary with ... Observational studies of systemic HRT after breast cancer are generally reassuring. If HRT is necessary after breast cancer, ... Includes metastatic and non-metastatic breast cancer with the exception of in situ breast cancer. ... "Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. 107 (1): 103-111. doi:10.1007/s10549-007-9523-x. PMC 2211383. PMID 17333341.. ...
Omeprazole
Pregnancy and breast-feeding[edit]. Epidemiological data do not show an increased risk of major birth defects after maternal ... indicating that little amount of drug is transferred to the milk duct during breast milk formation. ...
Avon Products
Beginning in the early 1990s, Avon also began donating towards breast cancer research and care, through the Avon Breast Cancer ... Crusade and the Avon Walk for Breast Cancer, a series of U.S.-based charity walks.[32] Before 2003, the Walk was a function of ... "Breast Cancer Events" Archived June 3, 2013, at the Wayback Machine., June 2013 ...
13-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid
"Melatonin and Associated Signaling Pathways that Control Normal Breast Epithelium and Breast Cancer". Journal of Mammary Gland ... Breast cancer[edit]. 13(S)-HODE stimulates the proliferation of human MCF-7 estrogen receptor positive and MBA-MD-231 estrogen ... receptor negative human breast cancer cell lines (see List of breast cancer cell lines) in culture);[72] its production appears ... Reddy, Nagi; Everhart, Angela; Eling, Thomas; Glasgow, Wayne (1997). "Characterization of a 15-Lipoxygenase in Human Breast ...
BRCA mutation
In a woman who has not developed breast cancer, removing the breasts may reduce her risk of ever being diagnosed with breast ... Male breast cancer[edit]. Men with a BRCA mutation have a dramatically elevated relative risk of developing breast cancer, but ... BRCA-related breast cancer appears at an earlier age than sporadic breast cancer.[8]:89-111 It has been asserted that BRCA- ... Women with a breast cancer associated with a BRCA mutation have up to a 40% probability of developing a new primary breast ...
Docetaxel
Breast cancer[edit]. Docetaxel and paclitaxel have comparable efficacy metastatic breast cancer but paclitaxel has less severe ... A woman being treated with docetaxel chemotherapy for breast cancer. Cold mittens and wine coolers are placed on her hands and ... Lyseng-Williamson KA, Fenton C (2005). "Docetaxel: a review of its use in metastatic breast cancer". Drugs. 65 (17): 2513-31. ... The treatment of breast cancer with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide is enhanced by adjuvant treatment with docetaxel. ...
List of cancer types
For example, the most common type of breast cancer is called ductal carcinoma of the breast. Here, the adjective ductal refers ... Nearly all cancers developing in the breast, prostate, lung, pancreas, and colon are carcinomas. ...
Women's health
Breast cancer[edit]. Main article: Breast cancer. Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in the world and the most ... All three cancers (lung, breast, uterus) are now declining in cancer death rates (Siegel et al. Figure 8),[121] but more women ... Despite this, breast cancer remains the commonest cancer in women in developed countries, and is one of the more important ... Lung cancer has overtaken all other types of cancer as the leading cause of cancer death in women, followed by breast cancer, ...
5α-Reductase inhibitor
Breast changes[edit]. 5-ARIs have a small risk of breast changes in men including breast tenderness and gynecomastia (breast ... breast tenderness, gynecomastia, depression, anxiety, self-harm, and dementia.[20][21][22] In addition, while 5-ARIs decrease ... "5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors and risk of male breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Int Braz J Urol. 44 (5): ... development/enlargement).[20] The risk of gynecomastia is about 2.8%.[20] There is no association of 5-ARIs with male breast ...
Ptosis (breasts)
"Why do breasts sag?". MedBroadcast.com. Retrieved 3 February 2012.. *^ De la Torre, J. I. (2009). "Breast Mastopexy". Retrieved ... "Anatomy of Breast Ptosis - How Breasts Sag". Retrieved 4 February 2012.. *^ Lauersen, Niels H.; Stukane, Eileen (1998). The ... "Female Intelligence Agency: What causes sagging of breasts?". 007b Breast.. *^ Cawthorn, Simon (November 2000). "Bras, the Bare ... The nipple of the breast may also tend to point downward. Post-menopausal women[edit]. In post-menopausal women, breast atrophy ...
5α-Reductase inhibitor
Breast changes[edit]. 5-ARIs have a small risk of breast changes in men including breast tenderness and gynecomastia (breast ... breast tenderness, gynecomastia, depression, anxiety, self-harm, and dementia.[20][21][22] In addition, while 5-ARIs decrease ... development/enlargement).[20] The risk of gynecomastia is about 2.8%.[20] There is no association of 5-ARIs with male breast ...
ZNF366
In the same study, it was shown that breast tumor tissue expresses lower levels of DC-SCRIPT than normal breast tissue from the ... Breast cancer[edit]. In 2010, it was shown that DC-SCRIPT can act as a coregulator of multiple nuclear receptors having ... nuclear receptor modulation and prognostic significance in primary breast cancer". J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 102 (1): 54-68. doi: ... same patient and that DC-SCRIPT mRNA expression is an independent prognostic factor for good survival of breast cancer patients ...
Aspartame
Breast feeding[edit]. In a study done in 1979, the effect of aspartame ingestion on blood and milk amino acid levels in ... with the intent to study the differences in breast milk between the two. The study resulted with the conclusion that aspartame ...
DDT
Breast cancer[edit]. The question of whether DDT or DDE are risk factors in breast cancer has not been conclusively answered. ... A 2007 case control study[82] using archived blood samples found that breast cancer risk was increased 5-fold among women who ... This study, which suggests a connection between DDT exposure and breast cancer that would not be picked up by most studies, has ... The findings "support classification of DDT as an endocrine disruptor, a predictor of breast cancer, and a marker of high risk ...
Estrogen
Breast development[edit]. See also: Breast development § Biochemistry. Estrogen, in conjunction with growth hormone (GH) and ... Haslam SZ, Osuch JR (1 January 2006). Hormones and Breast Cancer in Post-Menopausal Women. IOS Press. p. 69. ISBN 978-1-58603- ... Kleinberg DL (February 1998). "Role of IGF-I in normal mammary development". Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. 47 (3): 201- ... Estrogens are implicated in various estrogen-dependent conditions, such as ER-positive breast cancer, as well as a number of ...
Near-infrared window in biological tissue
Absorption spectrum for breast tissue[edit]. To define S. t. O. 2. {\displaystyle StO_{2}\,}. (tissue oxygen saturation) (or T ... Figure 5 shows a plot of transport scattering coefficient spectrum in breast tissue, which has a wavelength dependence of λ. − ... Figure 6 (c): Spectra for breast tissue (StO2 ≈ 70%). Absorption coefficient: λmin = 730 nm; NIR window = (656 - 916) nm. ... S. Nioka, S. Wen, J. Zhang, J. Du, X. Intes, Z. Zhao, and B. Chance, Simulation study of breast tissue hemodynamics during ...
Mastitis
Breast abscess[edit]. A breast abscess is a collection of pus that develops into the breast with different causes.[10] During ... Plugged milk duct,[3] breast engorgement,[4] breast cancer (rare)[1]. Prevention. Frequent breastfeeding with good technique[2] ... Breast abscess[edit]. An abscess (or suspected abscess) in the breast may be treated by ultrasound-guided fine-needle ... Nonpuerperal breast abscesses have a higher rate of recurrence compared to puerperal breast abscesses.[42] There is a high ...
Axilla
Lymphogenic spread of breast cancer[edit]. Breast cancer typically spreads via lymphatic vessels to the lymph nodes found in ...
Patient derived xenograft
Breast cancer[edit]. The classification of genetic breast cancer subtypes, including triple-negative and HER2-positive subtypes ... "Breast Cancer Research. 14 (1): R11. doi:10.1186/bcr3095. PMC 3496128. PMID 22247967.. ... Utilizing PDX triple negative breast cancer models, scientists found that aurora kinase inhibitors slows tumor growth rate and ... Many PDX models have been successfully established for breast, prostate, colorectal, lung, and many other cancers because there ...
List of birds of Cuba
Yellow-breasted chat[edit]. Order: Passeriformes Family: Icteriidae This species was historically placed in the New World ...
Cryoablation
Breast cancer[edit]. Cryoablation for breast cancer is typically only possible for small tumors.[3] Often surgery is used ... With improvements in breast imaging and image-guided interventions, there is interest in ablative techniques for breast cancer ... Cryoablation is also currently being used to treat fibroadenomas of the breast. Fibroadenomas are benign breast tumors that are ... Sabel, MS (July 2014). "Nonsurgical ablation of breast cancer: future options for small breast tumors". Surgical oncology ...
Breast reconstruction
"Breast Reconstruction: Immediate or Delayed".. *^ "Breast reconstruction using body tissue." Breast cancer , Lets Beat Cancer! ... Breast reconstruction is the rebuilding of a breast, usually in women. It involves using autologous tissue or prosthetic ... "Breast cancer , Breast reconstruction using body tissue , Cancer Research UK". www.cancerresearchuk.org.. ... Frequently not just breast volume, but also skin surface area needs to be restored. Many patients undergoing delayed breast ...
Projectional radiography
This has been used mostly on women to screen for breast cancer, but is also used to view male breasts, and used in conjunction ... Breast implants designed to enlarge the breasts reduce the viewing ability of mammography, and require more time for imaging as ... This is because the material used in the implant is very dense compared to breast tissue, and looks white (clear) on the film. ... Projectional radiography of the breasts is called mammography. ...
BHLHE41
Breast Cancer[edit]. BHLHE41 is thought to be a critical regulator of the metastasis of triple-negative-breast cancer (TNBC).[ ... Breast cancer tumors that show high expression of BHLHE41 and CyclinG2 are believed to have a lower metastatic risk.[37][38] ... "SHARP1 suppresses breast cancer metastasis by promoting degradation of hypoxia-inducible factors". Nature. 487 (7407): 380-4. ... "p63, Sharp1, and HIFs: master regulators of metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer". Cancer Research. 73 (16): 4978-81. ...
MythBusters (2003 season)
Silicone Breasts[edit]. Myth statement Status Notes Silicone breast implants may explode at high altitudes or low air pressure ... Will silicone breast implants explode or expand in low pressure?. Can a standard CD-ROM drive shatter a CD?. ...
Electrical impedance tomography
Breast (MF-EIT)[edit]. EIT is being investigated in the field of breast imaging as an alternative/complementary technique to ... develops a similar solution for non-invasive detection of breast cancer and offers the T-Scan 2000ED. Zilico Limited ... Further EIT applications proposed include detection/location of cancer in skin, breast, or cervix, localization of epileptic ... Jossinet, J. (1998). "The impedivity of freshly excised human breast tissue". Physiological Measurement. 19 (1): 61-76. doi: ...
Antiandrogen
In any case, common side effects of antiandrogens in men include breast tenderness, breast enlargement, feminization, hot ... including AR-expressing triple-negative breast cancer and other types of AR-expressing breast cancer.[189][190][191][192][193] ... Breast cancer[edit]. Antiandrogens such as bicalutamide, enzalutamide, and abiraterone acetate are under investigation for the ... In males, the major side effects of antiandrogens are demasculinization and feminization.[82] These side effects include breast ...
Breast Cancer Awareness Feature | CDC
Although breast cancer screening cannot prevent breast cancer, it can help find breast cancer early, when it is easier to treat ... Men also get breast cancer, but it is not very common. About 1 out of every 100 breast cancers diagnosed in the United States ... Fast Facts About Breast Cancer. *Each year in the United States, about 255,000 women get breast cancer and 42,000 women die ... Most breast cancers are found in women who are 50 years old or older, but breast cancer also affects younger women. ...
Triple-Negative Breast Cancer | CDC
Learn what this kind of breast cancer is and how its treated. ... homeBreast Cancer. *Basic Informationplus icon *What Is Breast ... What Is Triple-Negative Breast Cancer?. Triple-negative breast cancer is a kind of breast cancer that does not have any of the ... Breast Cancer in Young Womenplus icon *Bring Your Brave Campaign. *Advisory Committee on Breast Cancer in Young Womenplus icon ... that may cause breast cancers, including triple-negative breast cancer. The counselor may recommend that you get a genetic test ...
Breast cancer support charity | Breast Cancer Care
Breast Cancer Care is a UK charity providing support for people living with and beyond breast cancer. Find out how to receive ... 2019 Breast Cancer Care.. Breast Cancer Care is a working name of Breast Cancer Care and Breast Cancer Now, a company limited ... Our merger with Breast Cancer Now We have united to create one charity for everyone affected by breast cancer. ... Breast Cancer Care helped me live my life when cancer was busy trying to take it away. And, for that, Ill be forever grateful ...
Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer | American Cancer Society
For advanced breast cancer: Chemo can be used as the main treatment for women whose cancer has spread outside the breast and ... See Breast Cancer Gene Expression Tests for more information. Which chemotherapy drugs are used for breast cancer?. In most ... Chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer. Chemo drugs useful in treating women with breast cancer that has spread include:. * ... For breast cancer patients, the central line is typically placed on the opposite side of the breast that had surgery. ...
Breast Cancer | Miami Cancer Institute | Baptist Health South Florida
Miami Cancer Institute provides comprehensive breast cancer care, but also the compassionate and caring support you need - all ... Irritation, redness or thickening of the nipple or breast skin. Understanding Your Breast Cancer Risk Most breast cancers are ... Breast ultrasound uses sound waves to create images of the breast.. *Fine needle biopsy allows your physician to withdraw a ... Women with dense breast tissue may benefit from 3-D mammography. *Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) helps physicians ...
Breast Reconstruction Options | American Society of Plastic Surgeons
Get information from the American Society of Plastic Surgeons about options available for breast reconstruction. ... Immediate breast tissue expander placement. The surgical process for saline breast tissue expanders and breast expanders ... Answers to common questions about breast reconstruction Michelle De Souza, MD Breast reconstruction for breast cancer patients ... The breast implant will be placed under the ADM and your own muscle. This allows the breast implant to settle in a normal ...
COVID-19 Guidelines for Triage of Breast Cancer Patients
Encourage use of breast conserving surgery whenever possible, defer definitive mastectomy and/or reconstruction until after the ... Developed by the COVID 19 Pandemic Breast Cancer Consortium (this consortium is made up of representatives from the NAPBC, CoC ... Many women with early stage, ER positive breast cancers to not benefit substantially from chemotherapy. In general, these ... COVID-19 Guidelines for Triage of Breast Cancer Patients. Online March 24, 2020 ...
Accuracy of Mammographic Breast Density Analysis: Results of Formal Operator Training | Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &...
Women with bilateral breast cancer were not included in the study. Women without invasive breast cancer or ductal carcinoma in ... In fact, breast density is perhaps the strongest but least recognized risk factor for breast cancer. Many studies have shown ... A wax pencil was used to outline the breast area and breast densities. Films, with the wax pencil marks, were digitized on a ... 11 ). A recent tamoxifen trial measured breast density as a surrogate end point for breast cancer risk and found that the most ...
Breast development - Wikipedia
Breast size and cancer risk[edit]. Some factors of breast morphology, including their density, are clearly implicated in breast ... At menopause, breast development ceases and the breasts atrophy. Breast development results in prominent and developed ... COX-2 expression has been positively associated with breast volume and inflammation in breast tissue, as well as with breast ... Jansen LA, Backstein RM, Brown MH (2014). "Breast size and breast cancer: a systematic review". J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. ...
Breast reconstruction - Wikipedia
Breast implant Breast lift Breast reduction plasty Free flap breast reconstruction Nipple prosthesis Titoo Rabin, Roni Caryn ( ... "Breast Reconstruction: Immediate or Delayed". "Breast reconstruction using body tissue." Breast cancer , Lets Beat Cancer! ... Breast Reconstruction Following Breast Removal from the American Society of Plastic Surgeons National Cancer Institute breast ... Frequently not just breast volume, but also skin surface area needs to be restored. Many patients undergoing delayed breast ...
Breast Pathology
The information here can help you understand medical language you might find in a breast pathology report. ... After a breast biopsy, your doctor will get a report that gives a diagnosis for each sample taken. ... Breast Pathology. When your breast was biopsied, the samples taken were studied under the microscope by a specialized doctor ... Benign Breast Conditions. Benign (non-cancer) breast changes can include adenosis, sclerosing adenosis, apocrine metaplasia, ...
Survivors Breast Cancer Support
A Webtv friendly place for anyone touched by breast cancer to talk to others. We talk through guest books and message boards ... This page is for breast cancer survivors to talk to each other. I am a 14 year survivor of Breast Cancer and 7 year survivor of ... This page is a webtv friendly Breast cancer support group. We talk to each other by posting in a guest book. There are many ... excellent breast cancer support pages out there. I dont think I can do a better job. Its just that they seem to be getting ...
Reduce Male Breast Naturally
Breast Reduction in Men. The breast reduction in men has a name, is gynecomastia and ultimately is part of the most demanded by ... Male Breast Reduction. This operation, in short, removes fat and glandular tissue from the breasts. In more extreme cases it ... Diet to Reduce Male Breast Size. The men who suffer from this problem of increased breasts can follow certain dietary routines ... Like zinc, omega-3 fatty acid also helps to reduce the size of the breasts as it also helps to increase the production of ...
Breast Cancer's Evolution | HuffPost
Breast Cancer Rates Saving Our Species From Another Mass Extinction Breast Cancer Cancer Breast Cancer Evolution ... As a breast cancer doctor who has been practicing for some 25 years, I have often wondered why the breast is the favorite place ... About 29 percent of all cancers in women start in the breast, more than any other type of cancer. Only 10 percent of breast ... Director of Breast Health Outreach & Breast Radiation Oncology, Lankenau Medical Center; President and Founder of Breastcancer. ...
One Breast Cancer Survivor
One is a friend (age 32) in hospice care right now due to stage 4 breast cancer. Another is another friend (age 35) who started ... I have personal reasons for wanting everyone to see the tough new documentary about the hypethat can infest some breast-cancer- ... Funding related to breast cancer-who gets the money raised and how it is used-has been a topic on the minds of potential donors ... The issue took a dramatic turn this past winter, when the Susan G. Komen for the Cure foundation, the biggest breast cancer- ...
Breast Mass | SpringerLink
A breast mass is one of the most common presenting complaints evaluated by surgeons in their offices daily. Obviously, both ... Seltzer M. Breast complaints, biopsies, and cancer correlated with age in 10, 000 consecutive new surgical referrals. Breast J ... Page D, Simpson J. Benign, high-risk, and premalignant lesions of the breast. In: Bland K, Copeland E, editors. The breast: ... Larkin A.C. (2010) Breast Mass. In: Dirbas F., Scott-Conner C. (eds) Breast Surgical Techniques and Interdisciplinary ...
Breast or Bottle?
Whereas the phrase breast or bottle might once have implied a choice between two relative equals, human milk is now believed ... Breast or Bottle? is a kairology of breastfeeding, an analysis of the rhetorical activity that has made possible conflicting ... Breast or Bottle? is the first scholarly examination of the shift in breastfeeding recommendations occurring over the last half ...
Breast abscess - NHS
A breast abscess is a painful collection of pus that forms in the breast. Most abscesses develop just under the skin and are ... Breast abscess A breast abscess is a painful build-up of pus in the breast caused by an infection. It mainly affects women who ... Causes of breast abscesses. A breast abscess can form if you have a breast infection (called mastitis) and its not treated ... This wont harm your baby and can help your breast heal.. Try expressing milk from your breasts with your hand or a breast pump ...
Breast Imaging | SpringerLink
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 13th International Workshop on Breast Imaging, IWDM 2016, held in Malmö, ... Breast Density Assessment Using Breast Tomosynthesis Images Pontus Timberg, Andreas Fieselmann, Magnus Dustler, Hannie ... Towards Optimization of Image Quality as a Function of Breast Thickness in Mammography: An Investigation of the Breast ... Diagnostic Usefulness of Synthetic MMG (SMMG) with DBT (Digital Breast Tomosynthesis) for Clinical Setting in Breast Cancer ...
Breast problems | The BMJ
Medication causing breast enlargement
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Chicken Breast Recipes | Allrecipes
... tasty chicken breast recipes - chicken marsala, thai chicken, chicken fajitas.... try a new recipe every day. Watch our videos ... 9 Top Chicken Breast Dinners 9 Top Chicken Breast Dinners These recipes all call for 5 ingredients or fewer, and are ready ... Mexican-Style Chicken Breasts Mexican-Style Chicken Breasts Read More ... Chicken Breast Recipes. Get inspired! Easy, healthy, tasty chicken breast recipes - chicken marsala, thai chicken, chicken ...
Breast Cancer Now - JustGiving
Fundraise or donate to Breast Cancer Now with JustGiving, the worlds leading online fundraising platform, helping charities to ... About Breast Cancer Now. Were Breast Cancer Now, the charity thats steered by world-class research and powered by life- ... Breast Cancer Now. We fund breast cancer research and care to provide support for today & hope for the. ... By 2050, we believe everyone diagnosed with breast cancer will live - and be supported to live well. But we need to act now. ...
Breast Cancer Clinical Trials
Scientists look for new ways to treat advanced breast cancer in clinical trials. These studies test new drugs to see if they ... Youre probably familiar with these tests from when you were diagnosed with breast cancer. Doctors take a tiny sample of tissue ... "Its very empowering for women, to help future generations of breast cancer patients," says Rita Nanda, MD, of the University ... In phase III, the study will compare the new treatment with the standard treatments for advanced breast cancer. ...
luminal B breast carcinoma
This subtype of breast cancer is associated with a good prognosis, although not as favorable as the luminal A subtype. [ NCIT. ... This subtype of breast cancer is associated with a good prognosis, although not as favorable as the luminal A subtype. ... A biologic subset of breast carcinoma defined by low to moderate expression of genes characteristic of luminal epithelial cells ... A biologic subset of breast carcinoma defined by low to moderate expression of genes characteristic of luminal epithelial cells ...
breast cancer - Hartford Courant
Breast cancer changed everything for these women, and for dozens of others who have been a part of Livestrong at the YMCA, a ... In counseling breast cancer patients who wish to change and improve their eating habits, Malcher points to the food plan ... A diagnosis of breast cancer often leads to a treatment plan that includes surgery, chemotherapy and/or radiation and frequent ... For breast cancer patients, sometimes the best therapy is just talking about their experience with others going through the ...
Breast cancer: MedlinePlus Genetics
Breast cancer is a disease in which certain cells in the breast become abnormal and multiply uncontrollably to form a tumor. ... Breast cancer is a disease in which certain cells in the breast become abnormal and multiply uncontrollably to form a tumor. ... Male breast cancer represents less than 1 percent of all breast cancer diagnoses. Scientists estimate that about 2,600 new ... In some cases, cancerous cells can invade surrounding breast tissue. In these cases, the condition is known as invasive breast ...
Breast Cancer Growth Rate
The growth of breast cancer can be quite variable, but there is at least an estimate of what may be happening in terms of its ... Breast cancer is a disease in which cells in the breast grow uncontrollably and destroy the normal cells. When breast cancer ... Breast cancer risk may be lowered by managing controllable risk factors.. What you should know about breast cancer. *Breast ... Breast Cancer. Breast cancer is an invasive tumor that develops in the mammary gland. Breast cancer is detected via mammograms ...
breast cancer - Hartford Courant
When breast cancer landed on my doorstep, so did mail. Daily, we were flooded with boxes and envelopes from friends, family and ... The new Comprehensive Breast Center at Middlesex Hospitals cancer center in Middletown is now open, and is specifically aimed ... Married for 27 years and the mother of two sons, she says having breast cancer made her realize how strong she is and how ... Police in two central Connecticut cities are coming together to aid Julia Gallup, who is fighting breast cancer. She is a ...
Breast Cancer: Living & Managing
Get facts and tips on managing and living with breast cancer during treatment and beyond. ... Coping with breast cancer can be draining and stressful. ... Warning Signs of Breast Cancer. Article Breast Cancer: Steps to ... Coping with breast cancer can be draining and stressful. Here are some tips to help you manage life with and after breast ... Breast Reconstruction Surgery Getting breast reconstruction surgery after a mastectomy is a personal choice. Here are some ...
TissueMammographyMilkTumorMastectomyMammogramGetting breast cancerReconstructionDiagnosisTumorsLumpsWomenCystsMammogramsBiopsyUltrasoundDiagnosed with breast cancerInvasiveCarcinomaMetastatic breastOvarian cancer2016Nipple dischargeSymptomsLymphDenseLump in the breastSurgeryAbnormalChestDucts of the breastNipplesDetectPregnancyDetectionPatientsBiopsiesFibrocysticRadiationGenesRiskUnderarmImagingRadiologistsMammographic breast densityGlandsTriple-negatiTreatmentTreatmentsSpreadsChemotherapyClinicalEstrogen receptor
Tissue54
- Implant-based breast reconstruction may be possible if the mastectomy or radiation therapy have left sufficient tissue on the chest wall to cover and support a breast implant. (plasticsurgery.org)
- For patients with insufficient tissue on the chest wall, or for those who don't desire implants, breast reconstruction will require a flap technique (also known as autologous reconstruction). (plasticsurgery.org)
- The most common method of tissue reconstruction uses lower abdominal skin and fat to create a breast shape. (plasticsurgery.org)
- After that is done, the muscle and tissue below is elevated together to form the pocket for the breast expander at the base of the breast or the inframammary crease. (plasticsurgery.org)
- The mammographic appearance of the breast depends on its composition of radiolucent fatty tissue and more radiopaque epithelial or stromal tissue. (aacrjournals.org)
- [9] GH induction of IGF-1 production and secretion occurs in almost all types of tissue in the body, but especially in the liver , which is the source of approximately 80% of circulating IGF-1, [10] as well as locally in the breasts. (wikipedia.org)
- [5] [11] Although IGF-1 is responsible for most of the role of GH in mediating breast development, GH itself has been found to play a direct, augmenting role as well, as it increases estrogen receptor (ER) expression in breast stromal (connective) tissue , while IGF-1, in contrast, has been found to not do this. (wikipedia.org)
- This operation, in short, removes fat and glandular tissue from the breasts . (google.com)
- For example, exposing an adolescent girl to radiation at the critical time she's building her breast tissue can lead to permanent gene mutations that increase her risk for breast cancer later in life. (huffingtonpost.com)
- A breast phantom poses a unique set of challenges because the contents must correctly and reliably mimic distributions of fat and tissue. (nist.gov)
- In some cases, cancerous cells can invade surrounding breast tissue. (medlineplus.gov)
- So you've been told you have dense breast tissue - now what? (chicagotribune.com)
- But for some women, another breast-related issue can make it hard to do that - dense breast tissue. (chicagotribune.com)
- This new technology supports mammography by helping to detect breast cancer in women with dense breast tissue, in those who previously had breast cancer, are BRCA positive or those with inconclusive mammography results. (chicagotribune.com)
- A newborn baby has nipples, areolas, and the beginnings of breast tissue, but most of breast development occurs in two different periods of time in a woman's life: first in puberty , then during pregnancy. (encyclopedia.com)
- When the ovaries start to secrete estrogen, fat in the connective tissue begins to accumulate causing the breasts to enlarge and the duct system begins to grow. (encyclopedia.com)
- Stage Two: Buds appear, breast and nipple are raised, fat tissue begins to form and the areola (dark area of skin that surrounds the nipple) enlarges. (encyclopedia.com)
- Stage Three: Breasts are slightly larger with glandular breast tissue present. (encyclopedia.com)
- A breast biopsy is a common procedure that uses a thin needle to remove a small amount of breast tissue to determine whether cancer is present. (massgeneral.org)
- Breast cancer can have a number of symptoms, but the first noticeable symptom is usually a lump or area of thickened breast tissue. (www.nhs.uk)
- They do not stay inside the milk ducts or milk-producing glands but invade normal healthy tissue within and beyond the breast. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- You may think that only women can get breast cancer, but because all people have breast tissue, men can get breast cancer as well - but this is very rare. (kidshealth.org)
- Breast lumps that are not cancer may be scar tissue or cysts (fluid-filled lumps or sacs) or they can be due to normal breast changes associated with hormone changes or aging. (kidshealth.org)
- In a biopsy, a small amount of breast tissue is removed with a needle or during a small operation. (kidshealth.org)
- BSE should be performed monthly in order to discover changes in breast tissue, discharge from the nipple, or the onset of pain in the breast area. (encyclopedia.com)
- The final pressure level is applied deep into the breast tissue so that the rib cage can be felt and a minor amount of discomfort is experienced. (encyclopedia.com)
- Patients who perform BSE regularly know what their breast tissue normally feels like. (encyclopedia.com)
- Typically, there will not be any detectable anomalies in their breast tissue, unless they carry out the exam just prior to menstruation or during pregnancy when breasts may seem more lumpy and tender. (encyclopedia.com)
- Breast tissue: Women with dense breast tissue (as documented by mammogram ) have a higher risk of breast cancer. (medicinenet.com)
- Symptoms are similar to the symptoms in women, with the most common symptom being a lump or change in skin of the breast tissue or nipple discharge . (medicinenet.com)
- A breast biopsy is the removal of a sample of breast tissue or cells to be tested for breast cancer. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- 6. Why Breast Reconstructionwith abdominal tissue became popular? (slideshare.net)
- Breasts are predominantly made of fat and glandular tissue which you can't "train" like muscle, however, you can work the muscle underneath the breast - ie. (news24.com)
- We were among the first centers to provide free TRAM (transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous) flaps, in which muscle, fat and skin from the abdomen are used to shape the breast, and TMG (transverse myocutaneous gracilis) flap, in which tissue from the thigh is transferred to the breast. (massgeneral.org)
- Breast cancer usually originates in the milk-carrying ducts, although it may arise in the milk-producing lobules or, more rarely, in the dense connective tissue of the breast. (healthcentral.com)
- Invasive breast cancers -such as ductal or lobular carcinomas-can gain access to the stroma (supporting tissue) between the ducts, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves. (healthcentral.com)
- Breast tissue retains fluid and grows larger. (healthcentral.com)
- If you had a mastectomy and had your breast reconstructed, you may get harmless lumps caused by a build-up of scar tissue or dead fat cells in the reconstructed breast. (breastcancer.org)
- Since mastectomy and reconstruction usually removes all of the breast tissue and replaces it with other tissue and/or an implant, mammogram is not usually recommended for reconstructed breasts. (breastcancer.org)
- The cancer cells are invading nearby tissue inside the breast. (news-medical.net)
- DCIS is a type of early breast cancer inside of the ductal system that has not attacked the nearby tissue. (news-medical.net)
- Calcifications are small deposits of calcium that show up on mammograms as bright white specks or dots on the soft tissue background of the breasts. (breastcancer.org)
- Rather, they are a "marker" for some underlying process that is occurring in the breast tissue. (breastcancer.org)
- If calcifications clearly are located in the skin rather than in the breast tissue itself, no further testing is required. (breastcancer.org)
- However, the truth is that the mammary glands that secrete the milk in the breasts makes up a pretty small percentage of the overall breast tissue. (everything2.com)
- Most of the average human female breast is actually adipose tissue ( fat ) and connective tissue . (everything2.com)
- In practise, Brava's vacuum-induced bra stretches the breast tissue over a period of time and the tissue reciprocates by swelling and replicating until the cells multiply to accommodate the stretch force. (thestar.com.my)
- We took tough action against the burning of medical waste and other hazardous waste -- controlling 90% of the known sources of dioxin that accumulates in human tissue and in breast milk. (epa.gov)
- At the front of the chest, the breast tissue can extend from the clavicle (collarbone) to the middle of the sternum (breastbone). (wikipedia.org)
- At the sides of the chest, the breast tissue can extend into the axilla (armpit), and can reach as far to the back as the latissimus dorsi muscle, extending from the lower back to the humerus bone (the bone of the upper arm). (wikipedia.org)
- and glandular tissue, which affects the lactation functions of the breasts. (wikipedia.org)
- The tissue composition ratios of the breast also vary among women. (wikipedia.org)
- Some women's breasts have varying proportions of glandular tissue than of adipose or connective tissues. (wikipedia.org)
- The fat-to-connective-tissue ratio determines the density or firmness of the breast. (wikipedia.org)
Mammography12
- MRI is recommended as a complement to conventional mammography to detect breast cancer, particularly for women with the highest risk factors. (nist.gov)
- During a breast biopsy, the radiologist uses ultrasound, mammography or MRI to guide the needle to the right spot. (massgeneral.org)
- Pioneered at Mass General, breast tomosynthesis is our standard of care for screening mammography. (massgeneral.org)
- Johns Hopkins dedicated breast-imaging radiologists who specialize exclusively in mammography, breast ultrasound, breast MRI and minimally invasive biopsy techniques staff our center. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System, BI-RADS: Mammography. (jamanetwork.com)
- Comparison of the performance of screening mammography, physical examination, and breast US and evaluation of factors that influence them: an analysis of 27,825 patient evaluations. (jamanetwork.com)
- This might include breast screening (mammography) or a biopsy . (www.nhs.uk)
- Standard 2-D mammography takes two X-rays of each breast. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Tomosynthesis 3-D mammography takes multiple X-rays of each breast, and the X-rays are taken from many angles. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- During both a standard 2-D and tomosynthesis 3-D mammography, a technologist will position the breast on the plate of the mammography machine. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Breast cancer detection using automated whole breast ultrasound and mammography in radiographically dense breasts. (medscape.com)
- 3 When detected, the cancers are shockingly large, with average diameters of 30 mm. 4 , 5 What's more, these large lumps are apparently discovered accidentally, even among women actively practising breast self-examination 6 and participating in mammography screening programs. (cmaj.ca)
Milk27
- Nipple discharge other than breast milk (including blood). (cdc.gov)
- Another biological reality is that once the breast gland is formed, it is an immature and highly proliferative (active) organ, unable to perform its job of making milk until it goes through the comprehensive maturation process of a full-term pregnancy and breast-feeding. (huffingtonpost.com)
- While providing this flexibility may have had the evolutionary purpose of ensuring milk could be produced under harsh circumstances that challenged the survival of the race, it also makes the breast more vulnerable to breast cancer in our modern-day world. (huffingtonpost.com)
- Whereas the phrase 'breast or bottle' might once have implied a choice between two relative equals, human milk is now believed to possess unique health-promoting qualities. (sc.edu)
- Try expressing milk from your breasts with your hand or a breast pump if breastfeeding is too painful. (www.nhs.uk)
- 3. ENLARGED PITUITARY CONDITION -- The pituitary gland in addition to producing other hormones for glands like the adrenals (ACTH), growth hormones (GH), thryoid (TSH), follicles for hair (FSH), to name a few, also produces the prolactin hormone (PRL) for breast milk growth. (answers.com)
- 5. DUCT ECTASIA in older women can increase milk secretion in the breasts. (answers.com)
- The first stage of breast development begins at about six weeks of fetal development with a thickening called the mammary ridge or the milk line. (encyclopedia.com)
- Once ovulation and menstruation begin, the maturing of the breasts begins with the formation of secretory glands at the end of the milk ducts. (encyclopedia.com)
- Estrogen, which is produced by the ovaries in the first half of the menstrual cycle, stimulates the growth of milk ducts in the breasts. (encyclopedia.com)
- In addition, the group given encouragement was far more likely to give their children only breast milk. (reuters.com)
- Is Breast Milk Really Best? (thedailybeast.com)
- If you eschew the boob-either because you are physically incapable of breast feeding, don't produce enough milk, or merely prefer the convenience of lab-formulated baby sustenance-you are, willingly or not, staking out a position in the battle of the breast. (thedailybeast.com)
- In other words, modern moms have been oversold on the idea that breast milk is liquid gold-and slaves to Similac need not feel inadequate. (thedailybeast.com)
- Human breast milk is superior to modified cow's milk formulas, which may lack essential and beneficial components and are not absorbed as easily or as quickly by the infant. (britannica.com)
- Bromocriptine reduces prolactin release and suppresses breast milk production after pregnancy . (healthcentral.com)
- Sometimes the glandular cells of the breast can secrete calcium onto the ducts - after all, the job of the breasts is to make milk, even if you've never had children. (breastcancer.org)
- A common misconception is that women have breasts so that they can feed babies by producing milk . (everything2.com)
- Moreover, draining milk from both breasts at each feeding inhibits the slowing of milk production in an unused breast, and takes advantage of the higher fat and protein content of early-released milk from each breast. (reuters.com)
- By contrast, baby-led breast-feeding can decondition the let-down reflex through prolonged suckling at each feed, and can gradually enhance lesser milk production by using only one breast at each feeding. (reuters.com)
- A breast cup for use with a breast pump for expressing breast milk is provided. (google.co.uk)
- The breast cup sealingly separates the air flow from the breast milk, provides a barrier against impingement of the flexible insert by the user's breast and provides a massaging member for facilitating expression of the breast. (google.co.uk)
- If you've haven't already gleaned from all our coverage over the last year, breast milk is no longer just for babies. (inhabitat.com)
- either of the pair of mammae occurring on the chest in humans and having a discrete areola around the nipple, especially the mammae of the female after puberty, which are enlarged and softened by hormonally influenced mammary-gland development and fat deposition and which secrete milk after the birth of a child: the breasts of males normally remain rudimentary. (dictionary.com)
- Milk exits the breast through the nipple, which is surrounded by a pigmented area of skin called the areola. (wikipedia.org)
- The breast is an apocrine gland that produces the milk used to feed an infant. (wikipedia.org)
- The basic units of the breast are the terminal duct lobular units (TDLUs), which produce the fatty breast milk. (wikipedia.org)
Tumor11
- Miami Cancer Institute is setting the standard of care for breast cancer in the region - providing innovative and tailored treatments based on your unique tumor type, personal medical history and individual goals and objectives. (baptisthealth.net)
- Case status (i.e. risk of death time frame) determination made by a multidisciplinary team, ideally in a multi-clinician setting (breast tumor board conference). (facs.org)
- Breast cancer is a disease in which certain cells in the breast become abnormal and multiply uncontrollably to form a tumor. (medlineplus.gov)
- Breast cancer is a kind of tumor that develops in the cells of a person's breast. (kidshealth.org)
- lumpectomy (say: lum-PEK-tuh-mee), which removes the cancerous tumor from the breast. (kidshealth.org)
- Author: Cristofanilli M et al Circulating Tumor Cells, Disease Progression, and Survival in Metastatic Breast Cancer. (abc.net.au)
- Author: Braun S and Marth C Circulating Tumor Cells in Metastatic Breast Cancer - Toward Individualized Treatment? (abc.net.au)
- 5. History Vincenz CzernyOncology, gynecology In 1895 he published the first account of a breast implant which he had carried out, by transferring a benign lipoma to 'avoid asymmetry' after removing a tumor in a patients breast. (slideshare.net)
- Breast tumor that is negative for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and HER2/neu proteins. (news-medical.net)
- In breast cancer, abnormal histone modification in combination with DNA hypermethylation is frequently associated with epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes and genomic instability. (medscape.com)
- This creates a "fingerprint" of an individual tumor, detailing which of the different genes thought to be significant in breast cancer are active or quiescent. (oreilly.com)
Mastectomy18
- Often, patients first need to have the lump removed (a lumpectomy ) or the entire breast removed (a mastectomy ). (cdc.gov)
- For a mastectomy, your surgeon removes the breast and nearby lymph nodes to see if the cancer has spread. (cdc.gov)
- When Claire discovered that about 2/3 of women choose not to have reconstruction after mastectomy, she decided to set up her Intimate Tour of Breasts. (breastcancercare.org.uk)
- Breast implants may also be used for breast reconstruction after mastectomy or injury. (plasticsurgery.org)
- Breast reconstruction utilizes several plastic surgery techniques to restore a breast to near normal shape and appearance following mastectomy. (plasticsurgery.org)
- This procedure is performed in combination with the mastectomy and results in an immediate breast mound. (plasticsurgery.org)
- After the mastectomy has been performed by the breast surgeon, the plastic surgeon will place the breast implant, wrapped in a biological mesh known as acellular dermal matrix (ADM), to help the implant maintain correct anatomic position, above the pectoralis muscle. (plasticsurgery.org)
- The initial portion of this procedure entails the breast surgeon performing a standard mastectomy and possible axillary dissection. (plasticsurgery.org)
- Breast Reconstruction Surgery Getting breast reconstruction surgery after a mastectomy is a personal choice. (webmd.com)
- mastectomy (say: ma-STEK-tuh-mee), which removes the whole breast. (kidshealth.org)
- Sometimes, a woman who has a mastectomy may choose to have an operation to reconstruct (rebuild) the breast, so her shape will be more like it was before. (kidshealth.org)
- Angelina Jolie started what is now referred to as the "Angelina Effect" when she shared publicly she had undergone a double mastectomy to prevent breast cancer back in May of 2013. (webpronews.com)
- During surgery to remove an original diagnosis of breast cancer (lumpectomy or mastectomy), the surgeon removes all the cancer that can be seen and felt. (breastcancer.org)
- If you have local breast cancer recurrence (cancer that comes back in the same area it was originally diagnosed), and your original treatment was lumpectomy and radiation therapy, your doctor may recommend mastectomy. (breastcancer.org)
- More than 15,000 women a year have a mastectomy for breast cancer and most of these will have breast reconstruction. (dailymail.co.uk)
- More than 41,000 women in Britain are diagnosed with breast cancer each year, and at least a quarter of these have to face a mastectomy. (dailymail.co.uk)
- CNN anchor Zoraida Sambolin announced in May 2013 that she had breast cancer and was getting a double mastectomy. (baltimoresun.com)
- Types include: Breast reduction surgery Augmentation mammoplasty Mastectomy Lumpectomy Breast-conserving surgery, a less radical cancer surgery than mastectomy Mastopexy, or breast lift surgery Surgery for breast abscess, including incision and drainage as well as excision of lactiferous ducts Surgical breast biopsy Microdochectomy (removal of a lactiferous duct) reference,Dr. Nariman Motamed. (wikipedia.org)
Mammogram14
- Mammogram is a screening test that usually detects breast cancer when it's about one-quarter inch in size or smaller. (medicinenet.com)
- It's usually found during a mammogram and rarely shows as a breast lump. (www.nhs.uk)
- However, you should be aware that a mammogram might fail to detect some breast cancers. (www.nhs.uk)
- Tomosynthesis or digital tomosynthesis is a new type of mammogram for screening breast cancer. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- A mammogram is an X-ray image of the breast. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- In other cases, a mammogram (say: MAM-uh-gram) may find a lump in the breast that can't be felt. (kidshealth.org)
- A mammogram is a special kind of X-ray of the breast that helps doctors see what's going on inside. (kidshealth.org)
- BSE is an effective self-diagnostic procedure, but it must not take the place of having a mammogram and having a health care provider check the breasts for abnormal changes. (encyclopedia.com)
- The doctor may recommend a biopsy if the patient has an abnormal mammogram or a lump in the breast. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- If a mammogram, ultrasound or MRI reveals an area in the breast that looks suspicious, or if a lump is felt in the breast, or in a nearby lymph node, a biopsy may be recommended. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Even though you may not be able to feel a tiny lump, a screening mammogram can detect breast cancer at its earliest stages when treatments are most effective. (chicagotribune.com)
- These include mammogram , breast ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI scan). (healthcentral.com)
- During a mammogram, the breast is compressed between two plates for a few seconds and x-rays are taken. (healthcentral.com)
- The doctor will examine the breasts and sometimes recommend a mammogram, an ultrasound exam and (rarely) a needle aspiration. (healthcentral.com)
Getting breast cancer2
Reconstruction13
- Some women choose to have breast reconstruction external icon during the same surgery. (cdc.gov)
- What options are available for breast reconstruction? (plasticsurgery.org)
- If you've decided to have breast reconstruction, you'll still have many things to think about as you and your doctors talk about what type of reconstruction might be best for you. (plasticsurgery.org)
- Take the time to learn about the breast reconstruction options and consider talking to others who have had that procedure before you make a decision. (plasticsurgery.org)
- There are several techniques that can be used for implant-based breast reconstruction. (plasticsurgery.org)
- Surgeons in the Breast Reconstruction Program understand the profound impact the loss of a breast or part of a breast can have on your sense of self. (massgeneral.org)
- Our breast reconstruction experts specialize in surgically recreating natural-looking breasts to help you achieve a positive body image. (massgeneral.org)
- Our division performs more than 500 breast reconstruction surgeries each year. (massgeneral.org)
- Whether you are a candidate for a minimally invasive procedure or require breast reconstruction, we have carefully designed a step-by-step pathway for your preoperative and postoperative care. (massgeneral.org)
- If you are a breast cancer patient, the plastic surgeon will collaborate with your surgical oncologist to discuss your cancer treatment plan, including postoperative radiation therapy or chemotherapy, to ensure that the reconstruction options provided to you are aligned with your overall cancer treatment plan. (massgeneral.org)
- The plastic surgeon will work with you and a team of Mass General experts from multiple specialties, including breast surgical oncologists, radiation therapists, radiologists and radiation physicians and nurses, to develop a personalized plan that helps you achieve your breast reconstruction goals. (massgeneral.org)
- The Brava system was designed and marketed in the United States last year by Dr Roger Khouri, a plastic surgeon who devoted most of his practice to doing breast reconstruction on cancer patients. (thestar.com.my)
- In rare cases after breast reconstruction or augmentation, late seroma may occur, defined as seroma occurring more than 12 months postoperatively. (wikipedia.org)
Diagnosis24
- For any phase of your breast cancer journey, including expert diagnosis, personalized treatments, surgical oncology expertise, second opinions, access to groundbreaking clinical trials, genetic counseling services and prevention, our team is here to help. (baptisthealth.net)
- Our multidisciplinary breast cancer team works together as a group to facilitate and streamline diagnosis and determine the best treatment path. (baptisthealth.net)
- NCCN Clinical Practice guidelines in Oncologyâ„¢ Breast Cancer Screening and Diagnosis Guidelines. (springer.com)
- A diagnosis of breast cancer often leads to a treatment plan that includes surgery, chemotherapy and/or radiation and frequent check-ups. (courant.com)
- This website provides an interactive tutorial and a narrated presentation for teaching patients about the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. (merlot.org)
- In the early 1970s, half of breast cancer patients died within five years of diagnosis. (telegraph.co.uk)
- This is partially related to the often late diagnosis of male breast cancer , when the cancer has already spread. (medicinenet.com)
- From routine mammograms to breast cancer diagnosis, treatment and recovery, Silver Cross Hospital has brought together advanced technology and highly trained specialists so area residents can receive comprehensive breast care close to home. (chicagotribune.com)
- For many women, one of the more frightening aspects of a breast cancer diagnosis is the potential impact the disease can have on an area of the body often associated with femininity and motherhood. (chicagotribune.com)
- Most of the time the diagnosis of fibrocystic breast characteristics does not require extensive testing. (healthcentral.com)
- It's the first time she's hit a red carpet since announcing her breast cancer diagnosis in August. (webpronews.com)
- Jackie Collins died on Saturday of breast cancer, but her sister, actress Joan Collins, didn't know of her diagnosis until just days before she died. (webpronews.com)
- If you were already treated for breast cancer and now have a new diagnosis of recurrent breast cancer, your doctor may want to biopsy the area of metastasis to find out whether there have been any changes in hormone-receptor or HER2 status. (breastcancer.org)
- To learn more about tests used to screen for recurrence, please visit the Breast Cancer Tests: Screening, Diagnosis, and Monitoring section. (breastcancer.org)
- Our team of breast health specialists bring together a collaboration of physicians and scientists who offer expertise in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of both breast cancer and benign breast conditions. (bcm.edu)
- Overall, in the UK, more than 85% diagnosed with breast cancer live for at least 5 years after diagnosis. (news-medical.net)
- Learn about the symptoms of breast cancer and the role of early diagnosis and treatment in improving patient outcomes. (roche.com)
- Behind every breast cancer diagnosis is a personal story. (roche.com)
- This video highlights the ripple effect of a breast cancer diagnosis. (roche.com)
- Patients who have breast-cancer cells in distant sites are said to have advanced breast cancer, whether or not the cancer was detected at the distant sites at first diagnosis or later. (newsweek.com)
- The objective of the SABCS," the organizers state, "is to provide state-of-the-art information on the experimental biology, etiology, prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of breast cancer and pre-malignant breast disease to an international audience of academic and private physicians and researchers. (oreilly.com)
- Many say breast cancer is a diagnosis that no one can be truly prepare for. (npr.org)
- Has the federal government also studied the anxiety women experience when they get that dreadful diagnosis of breast cancer , and their relief from successful treatment because cancer was detected early? (newsday.com)
- Since 1944, Cancer Care has provided free support services to anyone affected by any cancer diagnosis, and indeed many of the patients and caregivers who contact us each year are coping with a breast cancer diagnosis. (cancercare.org)
Tumors7
- The study was jointly led by Professor Christina Curtis, PhD at Stanford University and examined genetic changes in breast tumors from 2,000 women, following them over 20 years to see whether or not the cancer returned. (forbes.com)
- This increase of the breasts can be due to a hormonal deficiency, to hepatic alterations, to tumors that change the hormonal equilibrium or due to excessive weight gain or as a consequence of aging, among others. (google.com)
- Hereditary breast cancers tend to develop earlier in life than noninherited (sporadic) cases, and new (primary) tumors are more likely to develop in both breasts. (medlineplus.gov)
- Stage 3 breast cancer is invasive, tumors may be larger and cancer has spread to the lymph nodes, possibly to several lymph nodes. (medicinenet.com)
- Race: White women have a higher risk of developing breast cancer, but African-American women tend to have more aggressive tumors when they do develop breast cancer. (medicinenet.com)
- Nonmalignant cysts and tumors in the breasts. (healthcentral.com)
- Each year, more presentations at the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium have focused on the potential of what has been called the "genetic fingerprinting" of breast cancer tumors. (oreilly.com)
Lumps12
- During a breast exam, a doctor or nurse practitioner will feel a woman's breasts to check any lumps and bumps and see if there are changes since the last exam. (kidshealth.org)
- As you grow and develop, you will probably notice small lumps and other changes in your breasts. (kidshealth.org)
- Infections also can cause breast lumps. (kidshealth.org)
- Most breast lumps are nothing to worry about, but it always helps to talk to a doctor or nurse about what to expect as your breasts grow. (kidshealth.org)
- Most breast lumps aren't cancerous, but it's always best to have them checked by your doctor. (www.nhs.uk)
- If women examine their breasts monthly, they can help find lumps or other changes that a doctor should examine. (kidshealth.org)
- Most breast lumps are not cancer, but all lumps should be checked out by a doctor to be sure. (kidshealth.org)
- Women should consult with their physician if they notice dimpling of the skin, any change in outline or shape of their breasts, unusual lumps, areas of thickening, or pain during the palpation of the breasts. (encyclopedia.com)
- Still, your doctor needs to know about any lumps you feel in your breast so they can be monitored for any change in size or tenderness. (breastcancer.org)
- Your doctor can monitor any new lumps on a reconstructed breast by performing a clinical breast exam. (breastcancer.org)
- Women are taught using plastic breast models to detect lumps (tumours) that are extremely small - from 5 mm to 10 mm in diameter. (cmaj.ca)
- We have already proven that we know how to teach the technique of breast self-examination and I believe we now know what to teach women to look for: not tiny lumps that are rarely cancers, but the bigger, easier-to-detect lumps more likely to be malignant. (cmaj.ca)
Women99
- Other than skin cancer, breast cancer is the most common cancer among American women. (cdc.gov)
- Each year in the United States, about 255,000 women get breast cancer and 42,000 women die from the disease. (cdc.gov)
- Treatments for breast cancer have improved dramatically in recent years, but unfortunately for some women, their breast cancer returns and spreads, becoming incurable. (forbes.com)
- Chemo can be used as the main treatment for women whose cancer has spread outside the breast and underarm area, either when it is diagnosed or after initial treatments. (cancer.org)
- There are tests available, such as Oncotype DX and Mammoprint, that can help determine which women will most likely benefit from chemo after breast surgery. (cancer.org)
- While our team has the expertise to take care of any stage of breast cancer, we work hard to teach women about cancer prevention. (baptisthealth.net)
- Many women with early stage, ER positive breast cancers to not benefit substantially from chemotherapy. (facs.org)
- Applying strict validation criteria to qualify readers to quantify mammographic breast density for research studies will enhance the chance of accurately assessing breast density and discriminating women at high and low risk of breast cancer. (aacrjournals.org)
- Despite the apparent necessity of GH/IGF-1 signaling in pubertal breast development however, women with Laron syndrome , in whom the growth hormone receptor (GHR) is defective and insensitive to GH and serum IGF-1 levels are very low, puberty, including breast development, is delayed, although full sexual maturity is always eventually reached. (wikipedia.org)
- [15] [16] The relatively large breasts in women with Laron syndrome have been suggested to be due to increased secretion of prolactin (which is known to produce breast enlargement) caused by a drift phenomenon from somatomammotrophic cells in the pituitary gland with a high GH secretion. (wikipedia.org)
- Breast atrophy commonly occurs in women during menopause when estrogen levels decrease. (wikipedia.org)
- In the treatment of gynecomastia in males and macromastia in women, and in hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for trans men , [10] breast atrophy may be a desired effect. (wikipedia.org)
- About 29 percent of all cancers in women start in the breast, more than any other type of cancer. (huffingtonpost.com)
- Morrow M, Wong S, Venta L. The evaluation of breast masses in women younger than forty years of age. (springer.com)
- Long-term risk of breast cancer in women with fibroadenoma. (springer.com)
- It's very empowering for women, to help future generations of breast cancer patients," says Rita Nanda, MD, of the University of Chicago. (webmd.com)
- Jolie carries a variant of a gene called BRCA1 that makes women highly likely to develop breast and ovarian cancer . (nationalgeographic.com)
- A number of studies have shown that bilateral risk-reducing mastectomies (the official term) do indeed reduce the risk of breast cancer in women with the BRCA1 mutation. (nationalgeographic.com)
- As a result, women who carry BRCA mutations have a 40 to 85 percent risk of developing breast cancer during their lifetime. (nationalgeographic.com)
- Breast cancer changed everything for these women, and for dozens of others who have been a part of Livestrong at the YMCA, a free 12 -week exercise, wellness and nutrition program for anyone who has had cancer. (courant.com)
- Although breast cancer is much more common in women, this form of cancer can also develop in men. (medlineplus.gov)
- Breast cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in women. (medlineplus.gov)
- About one in eight women in the United States will develop invasive breast cancer in her lifetime. (medlineplus.gov)
- Researchers estimate that more than 276,000 new cases of invasive breast cancer will be diagnosed in U.S. women in 2020. (medlineplus.gov)
- These genes are described as "high penetrance" because they are associated with a high risk of developing breast cancer and ovarian cancer and a moderate risk of developing pancreatic cancer and a type of skin cancer called melanoma in women who have mutations. (medlineplus.gov)
- The new Comprehensive Breast Center at Middlesex Hospital's cancer center in Middletown is now open, and is specifically aimed at improving care and detection for women at high risk for breast cancer. (courant.com)
- Most women, however, have non-cancerous breast health concerns as well. (answers.com)
- Some women are more prone to yeast infections during pregnancy, and sore breasts and/or nipples is a sign of pregnancy. (answers.com)
- These hormones are believed to be responsible for the cyclical changes such as the swelling, pain , and tenderness that many women experience in their breasts just before menstruation. (encyclopedia.com)
- Many women also experience changes in breast texture, with breasts feeling particularly lumpy. (encyclopedia.com)
- Researchers from the University of Buffalo have found that women who regularly consume onions and garlic could be reducing their risk of developing breast. (consumeraffairs.com)
- Breast cancer affects hundreds of thousands of women in the United States each year, and much research has been done on risk factors that influence breast. (consumeraffairs.com)
- The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that women who do not have health problems exclusively breast-feed their infants for at least the first six months, with it continuing at least through the first year as other foods are introduced. (reuters.com)
- More than a million older women will be living with breast cancer within a generation, say campaigners who warn today that the NHS is ill-prepared to take care of them. (telegraph.co.uk)
- He continued: "We can no longer tolerate the present situation where too many cancer doctors are making assumptions based on age which often result in older women receiving inadequate care for their breast cancer. (telegraph.co.uk)
- Lots of girls and women have something called fibrocystic breast changes. (kidshealth.org)
- Carolinas Breast Friends (CBF) is nonprofit organization that provides a caring and positive environment for women diagnosed with breast cancer. (idealist.org)
- Most women diagnosed with breast cancer are over 50, but younger women can also get breast cancer. (www.nhs.uk)
- About one in eight women are diagnosed with breast cancer during their lifetime. (www.nhs.uk)
- For this reason, it's vital that women check their breasts regularly for any changes and always get any changes examined by their GP. (www.nhs.uk)
- Women with a higher-than-average risk of developing breast cancer may be offered screening and genetic testing for the condition. (www.nhs.uk)
- As the risk of breast cancer increases with age, all women who are 50 to 70 years old are invited for breast cancer screening every three years. (www.nhs.uk)
- In a small proportion of women, breast cancer is discovered after it's spread to other parts of the body (metastatic breast cancer). (www.nhs.uk)
- In the United States, around 12 percent of women, which is about 1 in every 8 women, will develop breast cancer in their lifetime. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- The number of women who die from breast cancer has been decreasing since 1989, due, in part, to early detection through screening and improved treatment. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Women of all ages should be informed of the benefits, limitations, and potential harms of breast cancer screening. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- As women get older, they are more at risk for breast cancer. (kidshealth.org)
- Teens - as well as women in their twenties and thirties - are less likely to get breast cancer. (kidshealth.org)
- Women who smoke , eat high-fat diets, drink alcohol , and don't get enough exercise may be more at risk for developing breast cancer. (kidshealth.org)
- Family history: The risk of breast cancer is higher among women who have relatives with the disease. (medicinenet.com)
- Women diagnosed with certain benign breast conditions have an increased risk of breast cancer. (medicinenet.com)
- Being overweight or obese increases the risk of breast cancer both in pre- and postmenopausal women but at different rates. (medicinenet.com)
- The study was of a test which detects tumour cells in the bloodstream - in this case in women with breast cancer which had spread to distant parts of the body. (abc.net.au)
- Women with advanced breast cancer don't all take the same course. (abc.net.au)
- Where it's needed most is in women with early breast cancer to help decide who might need more aggressive therapy when they're first diagnosed. (abc.net.au)
- Most women, when first diagnosed with breast cancer, focus on becoming cancer free as quickly as possible. (chicagotribune.com)
- More women are diagnosed with breast cancer than any other cancer. (chicagotribune.com)
- That's why, within a few weeks of beginning chemotherapy treatment for breast cancer, many women report losing some or all of their hair. (chicagotribune.com)
- Breast cancer, the growth of malignant cells in the breast, is the most common cancer among women. (healthcentral.com)
- In American women, breast cancer is the most common type of cancer, after skin cancers, and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. (healthcentral.com)
- Approximately 10% of women with breast cancer have a positive family history. (healthcentral.com)
- Women who have at least 2 first degree relatives with breast cancer that was diagnosed before the age of 50, or ovarian cancer diagnosed at any age, may have inherited one of two breast cancer genes, increasing their risk of both breast and ovarian cancer. (healthcentral.com)
- Women who have no children, have their first child in their 30s, or have never breastfed may be more susceptible to breast cancer. (healthcentral.com)
- Having fibrocystic breasts does not place women at a higher or lower risk of developing breast cancer. (healthcentral.com)
- Atypical hyperplasia is associated with a fivefold increase in breast cancer risk and is found in an estimated 4 to 10 percent of women with lumpy breasts. (healthcentral.com)
- This type of breast cancer is typically found in women aged 50 and above. (news-medical.net)
- 90% of the women who experience these symptoms have an underlying breast cancer. (news-medical.net)
- A breast cancer clinic at Harris Health Smith Clinic, organized and staffed by physicians from the Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center at Baylor Medicine, has been established to improve breast care for Houston's underserved women. (bcm.edu)
- Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer in women. (bcm.edu)
- Women with small breasts can nurse a baby just as well as women with large breasts . (everything2.com)
- The real evolutionary purpose of women having breasts is to attract the male of the species . (everything2.com)
- The number of women dying from breast cancer has gone down significantly in the last 20 years in the UK mainly because of efficient and early screening and detection of the cancer. (news-medical.net)
- HER2-positive cancer usually occurs in younger women and is more quickly-growing and aggressive than other types of breast cancer. (news-medical.net)
- Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women with approximately 1.67 million new cases diagnosed worldwide each year. (roche.com)
- Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women. (newscientist.com)
- According to the National Breast Cancer Foundation, 1 in 8 women will be diagnosed with breast cancer in her lifetime. (prweb.com)
- The goal of Breast Cancer Awareness Month, founded in 1991 by breast cancer survivor Janelle Hail, is to educate women of the importance of early detection and the availability of support services. (prweb.com)
- Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world and affects more than 41,000 women in the UK every year. (dailymail.co.uk)
- Tens of thousands of women develop breast cancer every year and great strides have been taken to tackle the disease. (dailymail.co.uk)
- Breast cancer affects one in every eight women. (businessinsider.com)
- All that's set to change, however: In what must surely be the most uplifting news for small-breasted women in a long time, an American plastic surgeon has developed a suction system called Brava that can help women increase their bust size without surgery or pain. (thestar.com.my)
- The managing director of Brava Systems (M) Sdn Bhd explains: "Brava is for women who want bigger breasts without having to resort to silicone. (thestar.com.my)
- He first stumbled onto the idea of using this non-surgical method for breast enhancement almost a decade ago and began developing prototypes for women to try out. (thestar.com.my)
- Nearly 200,000 American women will be diagnosed with invasive breast cancer this year. (newsweek.com)
- Most women who get treated for breast cancer will not have a recurrence. (newsweek.com)
- We expanded research into breast cancer, ovarian cancer, osteoporosis, and other serious diseases that afflict women. (epa.gov)
- But experts say much of what women think they know about breast cancer could be wrong. (npr.org)
- But first, to health care here in the U.S. Women here know they face a threat from breast cancer, but much of what they think they know is wrong, according to a new survey commissioned by the National Breast Cancer Coalition. (npr.org)
- MARTIN: Doctor, I think you've probably heard that, apparently, a lot of people believe that most women at risk for breast cancer have a family history of the disease. (npr.org)
- Most women who have breast cancer have no relatives who have breast cancer, or no family history of breast cancer. (npr.org)
- It would be unfortunate if the women of Long Island declined screening for breast cancer based on this editorial. (newsday.com)
- It is likely that the women screened annually were considered to be at higher risk of developing breast cancer. (newsday.com)
- If the groups are comparable, which is unlikely, these results suggest that breast cancers did not grow over the extra year among women in this trial. (newsday.com)
- We have also partnered with the Triple Negative Breast Cancer Foundation to assist and support women with triple-negative breast cancer. (cancercare.org)
- Women with Medicare coverage who are coping with metastatic breast cancer may be eligible for co-payment assistance through the Cancer Care Co-Payment Assistance Foundation . (cancercare.org)
- Preventive health care, 2001 update: Should women be routinely taught breast self-examination to screen for breast cancer? (cmaj.ca)
- Effect of preoperative therapy on the outcome of women with operable breast cancer. (cmaj.ca)
- Breast cancer detection and death rates among women aged 50 to 59 years. (cmaj.ca)
- The dimensions and weight of the breast vary widely among women. (wikipedia.org)
Cysts6
- Complicated breast cysts on sonography: is aspiration necessary to exclude malignancy? (springer.com)
- Instead, they can show benign changes in the breast such as fibrous growths, cysts, calcium deposits or old scars. (massgeneral.org)
- This is when small fluid-filled cysts in the breasts change size based on where a girl is in her menstrual cycle . (kidshealth.org)
- During these times, hormone level changes often cause the breast cells to retain fluid and develop into nodules or cysts (sacs filled with fluid), which feel like a lump when touched. (healthcentral.com)
- The nodules or cysts can spread throughout the breast, may be located in one general area or simply appear as one or more large cysts. (healthcentral.com)
- Multiple small cysts and an increasing level of breast pain commonly develop when a woman hits her 30s. (healthcentral.com)
Mammograms5
- Mammograms are the best way to find breast cancer early, when it is easier to treat and before it is big enough to feel or cause symptoms. (cdc.gov)
- Regular mammograms can help an individual detect breast cancer in early stages. (medicinenet.com)
- It's no secret that breast cancer is a widespread medical issue, and one that is often best fought through regular mammograms and early detection. (chicagotribune.com)
- Diagnostic mammograms can also check for breast cancer when there are signs and symptoms, such as a lump. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- From mammograms to personal hygiene, learn the truth about these deadly breast cancer rumors. (medhelp.org)
Biopsy8
- The information here is meant to help you understand medical language you might find in the pathology report from a breast biopsy, such as a needle biopsy or an excision biopsy. (cancer.org)
- A comparison of aspiration cytology and core needle biopsy in the evaluation of breast lesions. (springer.com)
- Garg S, Mohan H, Bal A, Attri AK, Kochhar S. A comparative analysis of core needle biopsy and fine-needle aspiration cytology in the evaluation of palpable and mammographically detected suspicious breast lesions. (springer.com)
- What is a breast biopsy? (medicalnewstoday.com)
- A physician may advise a breast biopsy if there are changes in the nipple, such as any dimpling, thickening, scaling, or crusting of the skin. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- What happens in a breast biopsy? (medicalnewstoday.com)
- There are several ways of doing a breast biopsy. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- This is also known as image-guided stereotactic breast biopsy. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Ultrasound11
- You'll have an ultrasound scan of your breast to check for an abscess. (www.nhs.uk)
- One must keep in mind that the breast flattens against the chest wall during ultrasound, so an oblique needle path carries a risk of injury to underlying muscles or even the pleura and lungs . (medscape.com)
- Dempsey, P. J. The history of breast ultrasound. (medscape.com)
- Berg WA, Bandos AI, Mendelson EB, Lehrer D, Jong RA, Pisano ED. Ultrasound as the Primary Screening Test for Breast Cancer: Analysis From ACRIN 6666. (medscape.com)
- The image quality and lesion characterization of breast using automated whole-breast ultrasound: A comparison with handheld ultrasound. (medscape.com)
- The Practice of Breast Ultrasound. (medscape.com)
- Dominique A. Lobar Ultrasound of the Breast. (medscape.com)
- Rochira D, Cavalcanti P, Ottaviani A, Tambasco D. Longitudinal Ultrasound Study of Breast Implant Rupture Over a Six-Year Interval. (medscape.com)
- WFUMB guidelines and recommendations for clinical use of ultrasound elastography: Part 2: breast. (medscape.com)
- Advances in Breast Ultrasound. (medscape.com)
- Ultrasound can be used to distinguish between seroma, hematoma, and edema in the breast. (wikipedia.org)
Diagnosed with breast cancer13
- Beverley Nash was devastated when she was diagnosed with breast cancer. (breastcancercare.org.uk)
- If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with breast cancer, or has concerns about a breast-related symptom or personal risk factors, our team is here for you. (baptisthealth.net)
- You're probably familiar with these tests from when you were diagnosed with breast cancer. (webmd.com)
- Macmillan Cancer Research says the health service faces a "timebomb", with the number of over 65s who have been diagnosed with breast cancer at some point in their lives due to almost quadruple by 2040. (telegraph.co.uk)
- In rare cases, men can also be diagnosed with breast cancer. (www.nhs.uk)
- Personal history: Having been diagnosed with breast cancer in one breast increases the risk of cancer in the other breast or the chance of an additional cancer in the original breast. (medicinenet.com)
- Casey Maurer of Emmaus was diagnosed with breast cancer at 34. (orlandosentinel.com)
- Shannen Doherty, star of the original 90210, talked with Dr. Mehmet Oz earlier this week about what she has endured since she was diagnosed with breast cancer in March of 2015. (webpronews.com)
- The numbers below come from the National Cancer Data Base, and are based on people who were diagnosed with breast cancer in 2001 and 2002. (news-medical.net)
- I was diagnosed with breast cancer ten years ago and that kind of lead me to want to build something for Mount Sinai because I was being treated at Mount Sinai and they didn't have it and I thought that it was hard for me to go through this, but how about someone who didn't have the medical background who wasn't able to coordinate things? (businessinsider.com)
- Good Morning America anchor Robin Roberts, 52, made a name for herself interviewing athletes, actors, and other newsworthy personalities, but in 2007, she turned the camera on herself to announce she'd been diagnosed with breast cancer. (baltimoresun.com)
- The biggest problem I had is was when I have a patient - and this doesn't happen very often, but it happened enough - when I have patient that I diagnosed with breast cancer, and they'll look at me and say, well, doctor, what I'm going to do is change my diet and I'm going to eat right so that I don't need that chemotherapy and radiation. (npr.org)
- LBBC was founded in 1991 by a radiation oncologist who discovered there weren't many resources for those diagnosed with breast cancer, and facing treatment. (convio.net)
Invasive13
- In these cases, the condition is known as invasive breast cancer. (medlineplus.gov)
- Breast cancer at this stage is invasive, but it remains small and near the primary site. (medicinenet.com)
- Stage 2 breast cancers are invasive. (medicinenet.com)
- non-invasive breast cancer (carcinoma in situ) - found in the ducts of the breast (ductal carcinoma in situ, DCIS) and hasn't developed the ability to spread outside the breast. (www.nhs.uk)
- invasive breast cancer - usually develops in the cells that line the breast ducts (invasive ductal breast cancer) and is the most common type of breast cancer. (www.nhs.uk)
- Most breast cancers are invasive. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Roughly 95% of all breast cancers are invasive. (healthcentral.com)
- Individuals may develop one, the other, or a combination of invasive and noninvasive breast cancer. (healthcentral.com)
- This is the second most common type of breast cancer after invasive ductal carcinoma. (news-medical.net)
- This is rare type of invasive breast cancer that rarely spreads to the lymph nodes. (news-medical.net)
- They may be associated with the presence of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) , an early-stage cancer that remains inside the duct, or even invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) that has spread to the surrounding breast tissues. (breastcancer.org)
- The HER2 marker is present in about 20% of cases of invasive breast cancer. (news-medical.net)
- Many others disagree with the new guidelines, including the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn. "Every day we discover invasive breast cancer in a woman age 40-50," said Sandhya Pruthin, director of Mayo's Breast Clinic. (wsj.com)
Carcinoma5
- Carcinoma is a term used to describe a cancer that starts in the lining layer (epithelial cells) of organs like the breast. (cancer.org)
- Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) is a type of in-situ carcinoma of the breast, but it is not considered a pre-cancer. (cancer.org)
- A biologic subset of breast carcinoma defined by low to moderate expression of genes characteristic of luminal epithelial cells including estrogen receptor (ER), and high expression of GGH, LAPTM4B, and CCNE1. (ebi.ac.uk)
- Ductal carcinoma in situ is a form of stage 0 breast cancer. (medicinenet.com)
- The most common types of breast cancer are ductal carcinoma (in the lining of the breast duct) and lobular carcinoma (in the breast lobule). (bcm.edu)
Metastatic breast3
- This is called metastatic breast cancer. (bcm.edu)
- Let's start by defining metastatic breast cancer. (newsweek.com)
- EST) and Living with Metastatic Breast Cancer (October 27, 2016 at 1:30 p.m. (cancercare.org)
Ovarian cancer1
- Genetic risk factors: The most common causes are mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes (breast cancer and ovarian cancer genes). (medicinenet.com)
20161
- Register for our upcoming workshops, Coping with the Stresses of Caregiving When Your Loved One has Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (October 26, 2016 at 1:30 p.m. (cancercare.org)
Nipple discharge1
- If there is swelling or pain in the breast, or if you notice nipple discharge in one or both breasts, one should see a doctor immediately. (amazonaws.com)
Symptoms10
- There are different symptoms of breast cancer, and some people have no symptoms at all. (cdc.gov)
- Learn how to check for the signs and symptoms of breast cancer. (breastcancercare.org.uk)
- Our team helps you understand the type and complexity of your breast cancer, while managing your symptoms. (baptisthealth.net)
- These can be symptoms of a breast infection or abscess. (www.nhs.uk)
- In its early stages, breast cancer usually does not cause pain and may exhibit no noticeable symptoms. (medlineplus.gov)
- Having one or more of these symptoms does not mean that a person definitely has breast cancer. (medlineplus.gov)
- What are the initial signs and symptoms of breast cancer? (medicinenet.com)
- Read more about the symptoms of breast cancer . (www.nhs.uk)
- The cause of fibrocystic breast change is not known, but the symptoms and signs are linked to a woman's hormone patterns. (healthcentral.com)
- It's simple to use, completely free and full of helpful information about the signs and symptoms of breast cancer. (apple.com)
Lymph6
- Breast cancer has developed in other areas of the body outside the breast and lymph nodes, often in the bones, lungs , brain or liver . (medicinenet.com)
- It's possible for breast cancer to spread to other parts of the body, usually through the bloodstream or the axillary lymph nodes. (www.nhs.uk)
- The cancer leads to blockage of the lymph vessels in the skin of the breast. (news-medical.net)
- Breast cancer that has spread outside of the breast is often found in the lymph nodes under the arm. (bcm.edu)
- The most important distinction is whether the breast-cancer cells are confined to the breast and lymph nodes (this is sometimes referred to as early-stage breast cancer) or if they are in distant sites-such as the bone, liver, lungs. (newsweek.com)
- The combined effects of radiation and breast cancer surgery can in particular lead to complications such as breast fibrosis, secondary lymphoedema (which may occur in the arm, the breast or the chest, in particular after axillary lymph node dissection), breast asymmetry, and chronic/recurrent breast cellulitis, each of these having long-term effects. (wikipedia.org)
Dense2
- The odds ratios associated with breast cancer when films with mammographic breast density of 50% or greater are considered "dense" ranged from 3.1 to 3.9 or a 1.9-2.4-per-population-SD increase in percentage density. (aacrjournals.org)
- Different radiological grading schemes like the density/pattern classification by Wolfe (1) , or relative dense area assessment, show a strong association with subsequent development of breast cancer. (aacrjournals.org)
Lump in the breast2
- A new lump in the breast or underarm. (cdc.gov)
- A lump in the breast or underarms is often the first sign. (medicinenet.com)
Surgery22
- For breast cancer patients, the central line is typically placed on the opposite side of the breast that had surgery. (cancer.org)
- If your treatment plan includes surgery, you will have a team of skilled surgical breast specialists, including plastic and reconstructive surgical expertise. (baptisthealth.net)
- Tear-drop implants indicate the anatomic contour of all breast lift without surgery in chennai implants strictly than implants that are round. (google.com)
- Other studies test drugs that haven't been used together before, or check on how well radiation or surgery treat advanced breast cancer. (webmd.com)
- Surgery has long been an option to treat breast cancer, but new research suggests that it could make the disease worse in some cases.Findings published. (consumeraffairs.com)
- Studies show that older breast cancer patients are less likely to receive breast conserving surgery than those who are younger. (telegraph.co.uk)
- Radiotherapy affects the heart, for instance, while breast cancer surgery can weaken the upper arms. (telegraph.co.uk)
- It might also increase your chances of having extra tests and interventions, including surgery, even if you're not affected by breast cancer. (www.nhs.uk)
- The type of surgery and the treatment you have afterwards will depend on the type of breast cancer you have. (www.nhs.uk)
- A woman usually has this surgery when the cancer is found early and when the lump is small and in only one part of the breast. (kidshealth.org)
- This surgery is done when cancer cells have spread through the breast or into other parts of the body. (kidshealth.org)
- We also offer breast reduction and enhancement surgery, as well as other cosmetic procedures. (massgeneral.org)
- Our approach to your care centers on your personal preferences and goals for reconstructive breast surgery. (massgeneral.org)
- After breast cancer surgery and radiation, the entire breast area can be swollen and red for as long as a few months. (breastcancer.org)
- So when three sisters were told they carried the breast cancer gene, all three decided to have radical surgery and remove both their breasts. (dailymail.co.uk)
- Dr. Kenneth Davis, the CEO of Mount Sinai Medical Center, and Dr. Elisa Port, MD, FACS, the Chief of Breast Surgery and Co-Director of the Dubin Breast Center. (businessinsider.com)
- Want bigger breasts without the fuss of surgery? (thestar.com.my)
- Breast surgery is a form of surgery performed on the breast. (wikipedia.org)
- There is preliminary evidence suggesting that negative-pressure wound therapy may be useful in healing complicated breast wounds resulting from surgery. (wikipedia.org)
- Postoperative pain is common following breast surgery. (wikipedia.org)
- Regional anaesthesia is superior compared to general anaesthesia for the prevention of persistent postoperative pain three to 12 months after breast cancer surgery. (wikipedia.org)
- Essentials of Breast Surgery. (wikipedia.org)
Abnormal4
- If your family has a strong history of breast cancer, your specific DNA may include some of the genes or abnormal cells that may lead to cancer. (baptisthealth.net)
- Hyperplasia is a term used when there is an abnormal pattern of growth of cells within the ducts and/or lobules of the breast that is not cancer. (cancer.org)
- It is important that BSEs are performed routinely so that a woman knows what her breasts normally feel and look like, resulting in quicker identification of anything abnormal. (encyclopedia.com)
- These include atypical hyperplasia, a condition in which there is abnormal proliferation of breast cells but no cancer has developed. (medicinenet.com)
Chest6
- Breast development results in prominent and developed structures on the chest known as breasts in primates, which serve primarily as mammary glands . (wikipedia.org)
- So can an injury to the breast - like getting hit in the chest while playing sports. (kidshealth.org)
- This includes cells in the breasts, the two rounded areas on the front of the chest. (kidshealth.org)
- Exposure to previous chest radiation or use of diethylstilbestrol increases the risk of breast cancer. (medicinenet.com)
- A breast cancer recurrence, or "recurrent breast cancer," is cancer that has come back in the same or opposite breast or chest wall after a period of time when the cancer couldn't be detected. (breastcancer.org)
- thus, the breasts cover much of the chest area and the chest walls. (wikipedia.org)
Ducts of the breast1
- In DCIS the cancer cells are present within the ducts of the breast. (news-medical.net)
Nipples4
- If your nipples hurt or you have tender breasts it just means that your boobs are growing and you are getting ready to start your period or have your next period, in other words it is perfectly normal. (answers.com)
- First, with the arms down to the sides, look at the color, shape, outline, and direction of the breasts and nipples, taking note of anything atypical. (encyclopedia.com)
- During a clinical breast examination, the health care provider examines the breasts (including the nipples and areola) for retractions, skin changes, and discharge. (healthcentral.com)
- Breasts, especially the nipples, are an erogenous zone. (wikipedia.org)
Detect3
- How can we detect breast cancer in the early stage? (medicinenet.com)
- A new study conducted by researchers at the National Cancer Research Institute found that a routine blood test could detect breast cancer in patients up to. (consumeraffairs.com)
- Your breasts fit into a hollow depression in the table, which contains coils that detect magnetic signals. (mayoclinic.org)
Pregnancy8
- This procedure can also restore breast volume lost after weight reduction or pregnancy, achieve a more rounded breast shape or improve natural breast size asymmetry. (plasticsurgery.org)
- Breast tenderness is as a sign of pregnancy. (answers.com)
- From a mild tingling in the breasts, a gentle swelling, or an aching soreness, the breasts go through changes in response to the shifting hormones in your body that are an early sign of pregnancy. (answers.com)
- Only pregnancy brings about the fullness of breast growth and development. (encyclopedia.com)
- This, too, is related to the glands in the breast enlarging in preparation for a possible pregnancy. (encyclopedia.com)
- If pregnancy does not occur, the breasts return to normal size. (encyclopedia.com)
- Breast development in other primate females generally only occurs with pregnancy. (wikipedia.org)
- During pregnancy, the breast responds to a complex interaction of hormones, including estrogens, progesterone, and prolactin, that mediate the completion of its development, namely lobuloalveolar maturation, in preparation of lactation and breastfeeding. (wikipedia.org)
Detection5
- Early detection of breast cancer: large-section and subgross thick-section histologic correlation with mammographic appearances. (jamanetwork.com)
- Breast density as a predictor of mammographic detection: comparison of interval- and screen-detected cancers. (jamanetwork.com)
- Mammographic density and the risk and detection of breast cancer. (jamanetwork.com)
- Breast Cancer Detective is an interactive learning module that tests your knowledge of breast cancer detection. (merlot.org)
- Mahoney L, Csima A. Efficiency of palpation in clinical detection of breast cancer. (cmaj.ca)
Patients17
- It is hoped that stratifying breast cancer patients in this more detailed way could lead to better personalized medicine approaches, reducing the number of people who relapse as well as reassuring those with a very low risk of relapse. (forbes.com)
- The team is currently developing an affordable test for use in hospitals and investigating better personalized treatment options for breast cancer patients based on their findings. (forbes.com)
- Breast augmentation, sometimes referred to as a 'boob job' by patients, involves using breast implants or fat transfer to increase the size of your breasts. (plasticsurgery.org)
- In counseling breast cancer patients who wish to change and improve their eating habits, Malcher points to the food plan recommended by the American Institute for Cancer Research. (courant.com)
- For breast cancer patients, sometimes the best therapy is just talking about their experience with others going through the same thing - and that can take place either in a hospital conference room, or while fly-fishing. (courant.com)
- However, the rise in the number of breast cancer patients is expected to grow faster than most. (telegraph.co.uk)
- It is already struggling to provide adequate care for older breast cancer patients. (telegraph.co.uk)
- We need to change the way we care for older breast cancer patients now - so that we are prepared for such a dramatic increase in numbers. (telegraph.co.uk)
- Researchers at King's College London predict that the number of breast cancer patients over 65 will increase at almost double the rate as those in younger age groups between now and 2040. (telegraph.co.uk)
- Franciscan Health hospitals and clinics can help ease the anxiety associated with breast cancer concerns by offering a full range of diagnostic and treatment services that quickly can assess patients' needs and provide solutions in a timely manner. (chicagotribune.com)
- Health care practitioners often teach patients how to perform breast self-examination while doing a clinical examination. (healthcentral.com)
- Jill Conley, a breast cancer sufferer who began a non-profit in her final years to help other breast cancer patients and their families, died Tuesday morning. (webpronews.com)
- Celebrating the health care professionals across Africa providing safe, quality breast cancer care and supporting patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. (roche.com)
- Breast cancer treatment can involve many steps and different patients will have different treatment pathways. (roche.com)
- Breast Cancer Care is a charity which provides support for patients as well as ideas for fundraising and how to donate. (dailymail.co.uk)
- [ 2 , 3 ] Understanding the mechanisms of dysregulation of histone tail post-translational modifications and their contribution to breast tumorigenesis is critically important in the development of novel targeted therapy for breast cancer patients. (medscape.com)
- Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius tried to dispel concerns Wednesday that new guidelines on breast-cancer screening threaten insurance coverage for the procedure amid a growing debate about the guidelines among patients, medical professionals and legislators. (wsj.com)
Biopsies4
- Seltzer M. Breast complaints, biopsies, and cancer correlated with age in 10, 000 consecutive new surgical referrals. (springer.com)
- Most results of breast biopsies are not cancer. (massgeneral.org)
- Breast imaging navigators ensure rapid scheduling of biopsies and timely reporting of results. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- Furthermore, if a breast has already undergone irradiation (as in radiation therapy for treating breast cancer), there is a heightened risk of complications (e.g. reactive inflammation, occurrence of a chronic draining wound, etc.) for breast biopsies or other interventions to the breast, even those often considered "minor" surgeries. (wikipedia.org)
Fibrocystic4
- Fibrocystic breast changes are nothing to worry about and don't need any kind of medical treatment. (kidshealth.org)
- Also called fibrocystic condition, fibrocystic change or cystic mastitis, fibrocystic breast disease is more a characteristic of the breast than a disease. (healthcentral.com)
- Fibrocystic breast disease is usually diagnosed when a patient goes to her doctor for a checkup or seeks help for pain, tenderness or a lump that was probably discovered during breast self-examination. (healthcentral.com)
- There are no specific treatments for fibrocystic breast disease, other than those to minimize discomfort. (healthcentral.com)
Radiation1
- This is where high-energy radiation is given to your breast to kill any remaining cancer cells. (cdc.gov)
Genes9
- Only 10 percent of breast cancers are due to specific inherited high risk genes, while 90 percent are mostly triggered by environmental and lifestyle factors. (huffingtonpost.com)
- Somatic mutations in many different genes have been found in breast cancer cells. (medlineplus.gov)
- In people with germline mutations, changes in other genes, together with environmental and lifestyle factors, also influence whether a person will develop breast cancer. (medlineplus.gov)
- Some breast cancers that cluster in families are associated with inherited mutations in particular genes, such as BRCA1 or BRCA2 . (medlineplus.gov)
- Men with mutations in these genes also have an increased risk of developing several forms of cancer, including breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer , and melanoma. (medlineplus.gov)
- This apparently critical gene is the most important of only a few genes clearly associated with sporadic, rather than hereditary, breast cancer, says Masaaki Hamaguchi of the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in New York, who led the work. (newscientist.com)
- And mutations in DBC2 were more frequent in breast cancer cells than mutations in other tumour suppressor genes previously linked to the disease. (newscientist.com)
- Hamaguchi and his colleagues have worked for many years on genes involved in breast cancer. (newscientist.com)
- [ 10-14 ] Pruitt and colleagues demonstrated that inhibition of class III HDAC SIRT1 using a pharmacologic inhibitor, splitomicin, or siRNA reactivates epigenetically silenced SFRP1 , SFRP2 , E- cadherin , and CRBP1 genes in human breast cancer cells. (medscape.com)
Risk24
- A new study has identified that breast cancer can be several genetically distinct diseases, each with a different risk of coming back after treatment. (forbes.com)
- In this study, we've delved deeper into breast molecular subtypes so we can more accurately identify who might be at risk of relapsing and uncover new ways of treating them,' said Caldas. (forbes.com)
- Adjuvant chemo can lower the risk of breast cancer coming back. (cancer.org)
- Mammographic density is a major risk factor for breast cancer. (aacrjournals.org)
- In fact, breast density is perhaps the strongest but least recognized risk factor for breast cancer. (aacrjournals.org)
- Although, breast density has been shown to be a power indicator of cancer risk, there is no generalized method for training and validating individuals to perform the measure. (aacrjournals.org)
- A secondary goal of the study was to demonstrate the association of quantitative PD measurement with the risk of breast cancer. (aacrjournals.org)
- Less commonly, gene mutations present in essentially all of the body's cells increase the risk of developing breast cancer. (medlineplus.gov)
- A significantly increased risk of breast cancer is also a feature of several rare genetic syndromes. (medlineplus.gov)
- While recent studies have focused on breast cancer risk factors like diet and weight loss, a new study found that popular hair treatments could also pose a. (consumeraffairs.com)
- Quantitative assessment of mammographic breast density: relationship with breast cancer risk. (jamanetwork.com)
- However, there are certain factors known to increase the risk of breast cancer. (www.nhs.uk)
- A man's lifetime risk of breast cancer is 1 in every 1,000 men. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Some of the breast cancer risk factors can be modified (such as alcohol use) while others cannot be influenced (such as age). (medicinenet.com)
- Having no children or the first child after age 30 increases the risk of breast cancer. (medicinenet.com)
- Breastfeeding for one and a half to two years might slightly lower the risk of breast cancer. (medicinenet.com)
- Use of oral contraceptives in the last 10 years increases the risk of breast cancer slightly. (medicinenet.com)
- Using combined hormone therapy after menopause increases the risk of breast cancer. (medicinenet.com)
- Alcohol use increases the risk of breast cancer, and this seems to be proportional to the amount of alcohol used. (medicinenet.com)
- A recent study reviewing the research on alcohol use and breast cancer concluded that all levels of alcohol use are associated with an increased risk for breast cancer. (medicinenet.com)
- Exercise seems to lower the risk of breast cancer. (medicinenet.com)
- Inheriting a mutated gene from a parent means that one has a significantly higher risk of developing breast cancer. (medicinenet.com)
- In 90% of cases, only one breast is affected, although those who have had cancer in one breast are at increased risk of eventually developing it in the other. (healthcentral.com)
- The risk of breast cancer increases progressively with age. (healthcentral.com)
Underarm1
- A lump or swelling, usually painless, anywhere in the breast or underarm area (but most commonly in the upper and outer region of the breast). (healthcentral.com)
Imaging6
- Edward-Elmhurst Health is first health system in the Chicago area to acquire the latest in breast imaging technology - Molecular Breast Imaging or MBI. (chicagotribune.com)
- In this short video, Dr. Pouneh Razavi, director of breast imaging, talks about what you need to know about screening for breast cancer. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- Recognized by the American College of Radiology as a Center of Excellence for breast imaging, the Sullivan Center provides unparalleled expertise and expedient, compassionate care. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System Atlas (BI-RADS® Atlas). (medscape.com)
- Imaging in Breast Implant Rupture. (medscape.com)
- Breast Cancer Imaging: A Multidisciplinary, Multimodality Approach. (wikipedia.org)
Radiologists2
- Nine readers (three radiologists, two non-radiology physicians, and four nonphysicians) assessed breast density on 144 digitized films (60 contralateral films of breast cancer cases and 84 controls) on a computer workstation with custom software. (aacrjournals.org)
- At Mass General, only specially trained breast radiologists do these procedures. (massgeneral.org)
Mammographic breast density1
- We investigated whether individuals with and without backgrounds in radiology or medicine can achieve sufficient accuracy when compared with an expert (gold standard) reader of mammographic breast density. (aacrjournals.org)
Glands3
- The blood flow stimulates the glands of the breasts. (answers.com)
- The breasts and duct system continue to grow and mature with the development of many glands and lobules. (encyclopedia.com)
- During the examination of the lump sample, the pathologist might see excessive fibrous growth between the breast glands or cyst formation within the glands. (healthcentral.com)
Triple-negati5
- This video introduces Talk to Someone: Triple-Negative Breast Cancer, external icon an interactive conversation with the virtual triple-negative breast cancer survivor, Linda. (cdc.gov)
- Triple-negative breast cancer is a kind of breast cancer that does not have any of the receptors that are commonly found in breast cancer. (cdc.gov)
- But if you have triple-negative breast cancer, it means those three locks aren't there. (cdc.gov)
- How Is Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Treated? (cdc.gov)
- For example, triple-negative breast cancer, which has one of the worst prognoses, can actually be considered to be two different types of breast cancer. (forbes.com)
Treatment18
- New research published in the journal Nature shows that breast cancer is 11 genetically distinct diseases, and each has a different prognosis and chance of coming back after treatment. (forbes.com)
- Effective breast cancer treatment requires a personalized, targeted approach. (baptisthealth.net)
- Examples of treatment options for breast atrophy, depending on the situation/when appropriate, can include estrogens, antiandrogens , and proper nutrition or weight gain . (wikipedia.org)
- Also, there's just a reassurance understanding that as a result of the breast enlargement in chennai essence of the salt water treatment, it's simpler to find a silicone or dilemma together with implants. (google.com)
- Your GP will refer you to hospital for treatment if they think you have a breast abscess. (www.nhs.uk)
- In phase III, the study will compare the new treatment with the standard treatments for advanced breast cancer. (webmd.com)
- Follow-Up Care After breast cancer treatment, follow-up care is a must. (webmd.com)
- Nutrition and Exercise Regardless of the type of breast cancer treatment you are receiving, this is a time to take care of yourself by eating right, getting enough rest, and, if possible, exercising. (webmd.com)
- A year after ending her breast-cancer treatment, Amy Bizzarri hightails it to Weeki Wachee Springs State Park for a weekend at mermaid camp. (chicagotribune.com)
- Treatment for breast cancer usually depends on the type of cancer and whether the cancer has spread outside of the breast to other parts of the body. (kidshealth.org)
- A test that detects tumour cells in the bloodstream may one day offer a better way of assessing a woman's prognosis with breast cancer and allow better decisions to be made about her treatment. (abc.net.au)
- Recently published findings, if correct, may one day offer a better way of assessing a woman's prognosis with breast cancer and allow better decisions to be made about her treatment. (abc.net.au)
- Over years, with the development of medicines and surgical procedures for breast cancer treatment the outlook for breast cancer has continued to improve. (news-medical.net)
- Learn about the different stages of early breast cancer treatment and the roles and goals of each. (roche.com)
- So far IL-2, IFNalpha, IFNbeta and occasionally IFNgamma, IL-6, IL-12 have been the cytokines used for anti tumour treatment of advanced breast cancer either to induce or increase hormone sensitivity and/or to stimulate cellular immunity. (nih.gov)
- 1. [nternt/ionul.lournu/ of'Mtrlitina/ Mushroon:, Vol. 7, pp. 1'+1-155 (2005) Potential Role of Medicinal Mushrooms in Breast Cancer Treatment: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives Roumyana D. Petroa,a,l'2 Solomon P Wasser,l JamalA. (slideshare.net)
- We address the needs of those who are newly diagnosed, in treatment, in recovery, living with a history of breast cancer, or living with metastatic (stage IV) breast cancer, as well as caregivers and healthcare professionals. (convio.net)
- Breast abscess can occur as post-surgical complication, for example after cancer treatment or reduction mammaplasty. (wikipedia.org)
Treatments2
- Then they have chemotherapy treatments to target any cancer cells that can't be seen-cells remaining in the breast or that may have spread into other parts of the body. (cdc.gov)
- Another is another friend (age 35) who started her initial chemo treatments for breast cancer on the exact day that I started mine four years ago, at a similar stage and with a similar pathology, who's now suffering from the effects of the disease's spread to her liver. (forbes.com)
Spreads2
- Where Breast Cancer Spreads: 5 most common places. (webmd.com)
- When breast cancer spreads to other parts of the body, it is called metastasized cancer . (medicinenet.com)
Chemotherapy1
- Which chemotherapy drugs are used for breast cancer? (cancer.org)
Clinical5
- Scientists look for new ways to treat advanced breast cancer in clinical trials. (webmd.com)
- Breast phantoms from the first production run are now in use, and are employed in a large, multisite clinical trial. (nist.gov)
- Make sure to schedule an annual clinical breast examination with a licensed medical care provider to supplement the BSE. (encyclopedia.com)
- The Breast Care Center at Baylor College of Medicine provides access to National Cancer Institute-sponsored clinical trials. (bcm.edu)
- Dr Cheong, however, remains clinical amidst all this hoorah about life-long new breasts: "I'd be more comfortable using the word 'long-lasting' rather than 'permanent'," he insists. (thestar.com.my)
Estrogen receptor3
- All breast cancers these days are tested for expression, or detectable effect, of the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and HER2/neu proteins. (news-medical.net)
- About 75% of breast cancers are estrogen receptor-positive (ER-positive, or ER+). (news-medical.net)
- [ 8 , 9 ] In estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancer cells, inhibition of HDAC activity by specific HDAC inhibitors reactivates ERα and progesterone receptor (PR) gene expression, which are known to be aberrantly silenced. (medscape.com)