Brassinosteroids
Steroids, Heterocyclic
Cholestanols
Plant Growth Regulators
Arabidopsis Proteins
Arabidopsis
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
Gibberellins
Indoleacetic Acids
Steroids
A group of polycyclic compounds closely related biochemically to TERPENES. They include cholesterol, numerous hormones, precursors of certain vitamins, bile acids, alcohols (STEROLS), and certain natural drugs and poisons. Steroids have a common nucleus, a fused, reduced 17-carbon atom ring system, cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene. Most steroids also have two methyl groups and an aliphatic side-chain attached to the nucleus. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)
Hypocotyl
The region of the stem beneath the stalks of the seed leaves (cotyledons) and directly above the young root of the embryo plant. It grows rapidly in seedlings showing epigeal germination and lifts the cotyledons above the soil surface. In this region (the transition zone) the arrangement of vascular bundles in the root changes to that of the stem. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)
Plants, Genetically Modified
Cucumis sativus
Oryza sativa
Plant Roots
Plant Immunity
Plant Proteins
Biosynthetic Pathways
Abscisic Acid
Meristem
Signal Transduction
The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.
Germination
The initial stages of the growth of SEEDS into a SEEDLINGS. The embryonic shoot (plumule) and embryonic PLANT ROOTS (radicle) emerge and grow upwards and downwards respectively. Food reserves for germination come from endosperm tissue within the seed and/or from the seed leaves (COTYLEDON). (Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)
Mutation
Protein Kinases
Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System
A superfamily of hundreds of closely related HEMEPROTEINS found throughout the phylogenetic spectrum, from animals, plants, fungi, to bacteria. They include numerous complex monooxygenases (MIXED FUNCTION OXYGENASES). In animals, these P-450 enzymes serve two major functions: (1) biosynthesis of steroids, fatty acids, and bile acids; (2) metabolism of endogenous and a wide variety of exogenous substrates, such as toxins and drugs (BIOTRANSFORMATION). They are classified, according to their sequence similarities rather than functions, into CYP gene families (>40% homology) and subfamilies (>59% homology). For example, enzymes from the CYP1, CYP2, and CYP3 gene families are responsible for most drug metabolism.
Plant Development
Phenotype
Ethylenes
Plant Leaves
RNA, Plant
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Plants
Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of kingdom Plantae (sensu lato), comprising the VIRIDIPLANTAE; RHODOPHYTA; and GLAUCOPHYTA; all of which acquired chloroplasts by direct endosymbiosis of CYANOBACTERIA. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (MERISTEMS); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absence of nervous and sensory systems; and an alternation of haploid and diploid generations.
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Amino Acid Sequence
Nuclear Proteins
The Arabidopsis dwarf1 mutant is defective in the conversion of 24-methylenecholesterol to campesterol in brassinosteroid biosynthesis. (1/215)
Since the isolation and characterization of dwarf1-1 (dwf1-1) from a T-DNA insertion mutant population, phenotypically similar mutants, including deetiolated2 (det2), constitutive photomorphogenesis and dwarfism (cpd), brassinosteroid insensitive1 (bri1), and dwf4, have been reported to be defective in either the biosynthesis or the perception of brassinosteroids. We present further characterization of dwf1-1 and additional dwf1 alleles. Feeding tests with brassinosteroid-biosynthetic intermediates revealed that dwf1 can be rescued by 22alpha-hydroxycampesterol and downstream intermediates in the brassinosteroid pathway. Analysis of the endogenous levels of brassinosteroid intermediates showed that 24-methylenecholesterol in dwf1 accumulates to 12 times the level of the wild type, whereas the level of campesterol is greatly diminished, indicating that the defective step is in C-24 reduction. Furthermore, the deduced amino acid sequence of DWF1 shows significant similarity to a flavin adenine dinucleotide-binding domain conserved in various oxidoreductases, suggesting an enzymatic role for DWF1. In support of this, 7 of 10 dwf1 mutations directly affected the flavin adenine dinucleotide-binding domain. Our molecular characterization of dwf1 alleles, together with our biochemical data, suggest that the biosynthetic defect in dwf1 results in reduced synthesis of bioactive brassinosteroids, causing dwarfism. (+info)BAS1: A gene regulating brassinosteroid levels and light responsiveness in Arabidopsis. (2/215)
The Arabidopsis bas1-D mutation suppresses the long hypocotyl phenotype caused by mutations in the photoreceptor phytochrome B (phyB). The adult phenotype of bas1-D phyB-4 double mutants mimics that of brassinosteroid biosynthetic and response mutants. bas1-D phyB-4 has reduced levels of brassinosteroids and accumulates 26-hydroxybrassinolide in feeding experiments. The basis for the mutant phenotype is the enhanced expression of a cytochrome P450 (CYP72B1). bas1-D suppresses a phyB-null allele, but not a phyA-null mutation, and partially suppresses a cryptochrome-null mutation. Seedlings with reduced BAS1 expression are hyperresponsive to brassinosteroids in a light-dependent manner and display reduced sensitivity to light under a variety of conditions. Thus, BAS1 represents one of the control points between multiple photoreceptor systems and brassinosteroid signal transduction. (+info)Auxin regulates the initiation and radial position of plant lateral organs. (3/215)
Leaves originate from the shoot apical meristem, a small mound of undifferentiated tissue at the tip of the stem. Leaf formation begins with the selection of a group of founder cells in the so-called peripheral zone at the flank of the meristem, followed by the initiation of local growth and finally morphogenesis of the resulting bulge into a differentiated leaf. Whereas the mechanisms controlling the switch between meristem propagation and leaf initiation are being identified by genetic and molecular analyses, the radial positioning of leaves, known as phyllotaxis, remains poorly understood. Hormones, especially auxin and gibberellin, are known to influence phyllotaxis, but their specific role in the determination of organ position is not clear. We show that inhibition of polar auxin transport blocks leaf formation at the vegetative tomato meristem, resulting in pinlike naked stems with an intact meristem at the tip. Microapplication of the natural auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) to the apex of such pins restores leaf formation. Similarly, exogenous IAA induces flower formation on Arabidopsis pin-formed1-1 inflorescence apices, which are blocked in flower formation because of a mutation in a putative auxin transport protein. Our results show that auxin is required for and sufficient to induce organogenesis both in the vegetative tomato meristem and in the Arabidopsis inflorescence meristem. In this study, organogenesis always strictly coincided with the site of IAA application in the radial dimension, whereas in the apical-basal dimension, organ formation always occurred at a fixed distance from the summit of the meristem. We propose that auxin determines the radial position and the size of lateral organs but not the apical-basal position or the identity of the induced structures. (+info)Perception of brassinosteroids by the extracellular domain of the receptor kinase BRI1. (4/215)
An assay was developed to study plant receptor kinase activation and signaling mechanisms. The extracellular leucine-rich repeat (LRR) and transmembrane domains of the Arabidopsis receptor kinase BRI1, which is implicated in brassinosteroid signaling, were fused to the serine/threonine kinase domain of XA21, the rice disease resistance receptor. The chimeric receptor initiates plant defense responses in rice cells upon treatment with brassinosteroids. These results, which indicate that the extracellular domain of BRI1 perceives brassinosteroids, suggest a general signaling mechanism for the LRR receptor kinases of plants. This system should allow the discovery of ligands for the LRR kinases, the largest group of plant receptor kinases. (+info)Involvement of brassinosteroids in the gravitropic response of primary root of maize. (5/215)
Exogenously applied brassinolide (BL, 10(-9)-10(-5) M) increased gravitropic curvature in maize (Zea mays) primary roots. The BL-enhanced gravitropic curvature was clearly promoted in the presence of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA, 10(-10)-10(-8) M), indicating that BL is interactive with IAA during the gravitropic response. The interactive effect between BL and IAA was completely diminished by treatment of p-chlorophenoxy isobutric acid, an auxin action antagonist. The activation of the gravitropic response by BL in the absence and in the presence of IAA was nullified by application of 2, 3,5-triiodobenzoic acid, a polar auxin transport inhibitor. The data indicate that brassinosteroids (BRs) might be involved in auxin-mediated processes for the gravitropic response. Gas chromotography-selected ion-monitoring analysis revealed that maize primary roots contained approximately 0.3 ng g(-1) fresh weight castasterone as an endogenous BR. Exogenously applied castasterone also increased the gravitropic response of maize roots in an IAA-dependent manner. This study provides the first evidence, to our knowledge, for occurrence and gravitropic activity of BRs in plant roots. (+info)Biosynthetic pathways of brassinolide in Arabidopsis. (6/215)
Our previous studies on the endogenous brassinosteroids (BRs) in Arabidopsis have provided suggestive evidence for the operation of the early C6-oxidation and the late C6-oxidation pathways, leading to brassinolide (BL) in Arabidopsis. However, to date the in vivo operation of these pathways has not been fully confirmed in this species. This paper describes metabolic studies using deuterium-labeled BRs in wild-type and BR-insensitive mutant (bri1) seedlings to establish the intermediates of the biosynthetic pathway of BL in Arabidopsis. The first evidence for the conversion of campestanol to 6-deoxocathasterone and the conversion of 6-deoxocathasterone to 6-deoxoteasterone is provided. The later biosynthetic steps (6-deoxoteasterone --> 3-dehydro-6-deoxoteasterone --> 6-deoxotyphasterol --> 6-deoxocastasterone --> 6alpha-hydroxycastasterone --> castasterone --> BL) were demonstrated by stepwise metabolic experiments. Therefore, these studies complete the documentation of the late C6-oxidation pathway. The biosynthetic sequence involved in the early C6-oxidation pathway (teasterone --> 3-dehydroteasterone --> typhasterol --> castasterone --> BL) was also demonstrated. These results show that both the early and late C6-oxidation pathways are functional in Arabidopsis. In addition we report two new observations: the presence of a new branch in the pathway, C6 oxidation of 6-deoxotyphasterol to typhasterol, and increased metabolic flow in BR-insensitive mutants. (+info)Loss of function of a rice brassinosteroid insensitive1 homolog prevents internode elongation and bending of the lamina joint. (7/215)
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are plant growth-promoting natural products required for plant growth and development. Physiological studies have demonstrated that exogenous BR, alone or in combination with auxin, enhance bending of the lamina joint of rice. However, little is known about the function of endogenous BR in rice or other grass species. We report here the phenotypical and molecular characterization of a rice dwarf mutant, d61, that is less sensitive to BR compared to the wild type. We cloned a rice gene, OsBRI1, with extensive sequence similarity to that of the Arabidopsis BRI gene, which encodes a putative BR receptor kinase. Linkage analysis showed that the OsBRI1 gene is closely linked to the d61 locus. Single nucleotide substitutions found at different sites of the d61 alleles would give rise to amino acid changes in the corresponding polypeptides. Furthermore, introduction of the entire OsBRI1 coding region, including the 5' and 3' flanking sequences, into d61 plants complemented the mutation to display the wild-type phenotype. Transgenic plants carrying the antisense strand of the OsBRI1 transcript showed similar or even more severe phenotypes than those of the d61 mutants. Our results show that OsBRI1 functions in various growth and developmental processes in rice, including (1) internode elongation, by inducing the formation of the intercalary meristem and the longitudinal elongation of internode cells; (2) bending of the lamina joint; and (3) skotomorphogenesis. (+info)Brassinosteroid levels increase drastically prior to morphogenesis of tracheary elements. (8/215)
As the first step toward understanding the involvement of endogenous brassinosteroids (BRs) in cytodifferentiation, we analyzed biosynthetic activities of BRs in zinnia (Zinnia elegans L. cv Canary Bird) cells differentiating into tracheary elements. The results of feeding experiments suggested that both the early and late C6-oxidation pathways occur during tracheary element differentiation. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed that five BRs, castasterone, typhasterol, 6-deoxocastasterone, 6-deoxotyphasterol, and 6-deoxoteasterone, actually existed in cultured zinnia cells and culture medium. Quantification of endogenous BRs in each stage of tracheary element differentiation by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry exhibited that they increased dramatically prior to the morphogenesis, which was consistent with the idea that BRs are necessary for the initiation of the final stage of tracheary element differentiation. Moreover, the proportion of each BR in culture medium was quite different from that in cells, suggesting that specific BRs are selectively secreted into medium and may function outside the cells. (+info)
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Brassinosteroids | REACH
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Methylation of a Phosphatase Specifies Dephosphorylation and Degradation of Activated Brassinosteroid Receptors | Science...
An Interaction Between BZR1 and DELLAs Mediates Direct Signaling Crosstalk Between Brassinosteroids and Gibberellins in...
https://lib.ugent.be/catalog/pug01:1954389
Determination of brassinosteroids in the sub-femtomolar range using dansyl-3-aminophenylboronate derivatization and...
Brassinosteroids cause cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of human breas…
shk1-D, a dwarf Arabidopsis mutant caused by activation of the CYP72C1 gene, has altered brassinosteroid levels
Arabidopsis BKI1 protein
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BAK1, an Arabidopsis LRR receptor-like protein kinase, interacts with BRI1 and modulates brassinosteroid signaling<...
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Brassinosteroid
Kang YY, Guo SR (2011). "Role of Brassinosteroids on Horticultural Crops". In Hayat S, Ahmad A (eds.). Brassinosteroids: A ... The yield of brassinosteroids from 230 kg of Brassica napus pollen was only 10 mg. Since their discovery, over 70 BR compounds ... Brassinosteroids (BRs or less commonly BS) are a class of polyhydroxysteroids that have been recognized as a sixth class of ... These brassinosteroids were first explored during the 70s, when Mitchell et al. reported promotion in stem elongation and cell ...
Brassinosteroid insensitive-1
Brassinosteroid insensitive 1 (BRI1) is the major receptor of the plant hormone brassinosteroid. It plays very important roles ... Ye Q, Zhu W, Li L, Zhang S, Yin Y, Ma H, Wang X (March 2010). "Brassinosteroids control male fertility by regulating the ... An atypical LRR within this domain acts as the brassinosteroid binding site. Next to the LRR domain there is a single-pass ... Both BRL1 and BRL3 are able to bind brassinosteroids and act as receptors. A fourth BRI1-family protein, BRL2 cannot bind ...
24-Epibrassinolide
... is a type of brassinosteroid, a natural occurring plant hormone. It was first discovered 1979 as a growth ... Kim, Seong-Ki (1991-11-04). "Natural Occurrences of Brassinosteroids". ACS Symposium Series. Vol. 474. Washington, DC: American ... Staswick, Paul E.; Raskin, Ilya; Arteca, Richard N. (1995). "Jasmonates, Salicylic acid and Brassinosteroids". Plant Hormones. ... Clouse, Steven D.; Sasse, Jenneth M. (1998). "BRASSINOSTEROIDS: Essential Regulators of Plant Growth and Development". Annual ...
Dihydroxylation
Brassinosteroids are a class of steroids shown to regulate plant growth and has been shown to have agricultural activity as an ... Bishop, G.; Koncz, Csaba (2002). "Brassinosteroids and Plant Steroid Hormone Signaling". The Plant Cell. 14: S97-110. doi: ... Brosa, C.; Nusimovich, S; Peracaula, R (1994). "Synthesis of new brassinosteroids with potential activity as antiecdysteroids ...
Plant hormone
Brassinosteroids receptor- brassinosteroid insensitive 1 (BRI1) is the main receptor for this signaling pathway. This BRI1 ... These findings mean that plants properly expressing brassinosteroids grow more than their mutant counterparts. Brassinosteroids ... Brassinosteroids are a class of steroidal phytohormones in plants that regulate numerous physiological processes. This plant ... Tang, Jiao; Han, Zhifu; Chai, Jijie (22 December 2016). "Q&A: what are brassinosteroids and how do they act in plants?". BMC ...
Triazole
Brassinazole inhibits brassinosteroid biosynthesis. The azide alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition is a mild and selective reaction ...
Brassicaceae
Brassinosteroids are growing in agricultural and gardening importance. Pringlea antiscorbutica, commonly known as Kerguelen ...
ATP citrate synthase
... brassinosteroids); malonyl and acyl-derivatives (d-amino acids, malonylated flavonoids, acylated, prenylated and malonated ...
BRI1-associated receptor kinase 1
BAK1 binds to the brassinosteroid receptor BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1) and this then triggers a phosphorylation ... Brassinosteroid is a major plant hormone that has many roles and is often associated with cell elongation. ... Belkhadir Y, Jaillais Y (April 2015). "The molecular circuitry of brassinosteroid signaling". The New Phytologist. 206 (2): 522 ... interacts with BRI1 and modulates brassinosteroid signaling". Cell. 110 (2): 213-22. doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(02)00812-7. PMID ...
Acetyl-CoA
In plants, these include sesquiterpenes, brassinosteroids (hormones), and membrane sterols. Steroid synthesis: Acetyl-CoA ...
Distyly
CYPT is likely producing these phenotypes via inactivation of brassinosteroids. Inactivation of brassinosteroids in the S-morph ... BAHD is likely an acyltransferase involved in inactivation of brassinosteroids; it is both the female morphology and female ... "Pistil Mating Type and Morphology Are Mediated by the Brassinosteroid Inactivating Activity of the S-Locus Gene BAHD in ... "The Turnera Style S-Locus Gene TsBAHD Possesses Brassinosteroid-Inactivating Activity When Expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana". ...
Jennifer Nemhauser
Nemhauser, Jennifer L.; Mockler, Todd C.; Chory, Joanne (2004-08-24). "Interdependency of Brassinosteroid and Auxin Signaling ...
Expansin
August 2005). "Brassinosteroid regulates fiber development on cultured cotton ovules". Plant Cell Physiol. 46 (8): 1384-91. doi ... ethylene and brassinosteroids. A subset of the β-expansins are also the major group-1 allergens of grass pollens. So far, two ...
Diazirine
The discovery of a brassinosteroid receptor for brassinosteroid plant hormones by Kinoshita et al. Researchers used a plant ... "Binding of brassinosteroids to the extracellular domain of plant receptor kinase BRI1". Nature. 433 (7022): 167-171. Bibcode: ...
Trichome
Some other phytohormones that promote growth of trichomes include brassinosteroids, ethylene, and salicylic acid. This was ...
Phytosterol
De Bruyne, L; Höfte, M; De Vleesschauwer, D (2014). "Connecting growth and defense: The emerging roles of brassinosteroids and ...
5-Dehydroepisterol
... is a sterol and an intermediate in steroid biosynthesis, particularly synthesis of brassinosteroids. It is ...
Li Jiayang
Hu, Y; Bao, F; Li, J (2000). "Promotive effect of brassinosteroids on cell division involves a distinct CycD3-induction pathway ...
Joanne Chory
Li, Jianming; Chory, Joanne (1997-09-05). "A Putative Leucine-Rich Repeat Receptor Kinase Involved in Brassinosteroid Signal ...
12-oxophytodienoate reductase
OPR3 is shown to be induced by touch, wind, UV light, application of detergent, wounding, and brassinosteroids. In wound ...
FLS2
BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1) is another important RLK with a lot of similarities to FLS2. Despite share many of the ...
3-Epi-6-deoxocathasterone 23-monooxygenase
"C-23 hydroxylation by Arabidopsis CYP90C1 and CYP90D1 reveals a novel shortcut in brassinosteroid biosynthesis". The Plant Cell ... H2O 3-Epi-6-deoxocathasterone 23-monooxygenase takes part in brassinosteroid biosynthesis. Ohnishi T, Szatmari AM, Watanabe B, ...
Srinivas Aluru
"A brassinosteroid transcriptional network revealed by genome-wide identification of BESI target genes in Arabidopsis thaliana ...
Secondary metabolite
... brassinosteroids, and strigolactones. Examples of terpenoids built from hemiterpene oligomerization are: Azadirachtin, present ...
ERG3
"The Arabidopsis dwf7/ste1 mutant is defective in the delta7 sterol C-5 desaturation step leading to brassinosteroid ...
Calmodulin
In Arabidopsis, the protein DWF1 plays an enzymatic role in the biosynthesis of brassinosteroids, steroid hormones in plants ...
Theseus1
Additionally, both THE1 and HERK1 function in coordination with the brassinosteroid pathway with a slight regulatory overlap ... the brassinosteroid pathway. In addition, Theseus1 has the ability to detect changes in cell wall integrity and could possibly ...
Sweet potato leaf curl virus
A C4 protein related to the SPLCV interacts with brassinosteroid-intensive 2 (ABtBIN2) in the plasma membrane of host cells. ... Bi, Huiping; Fan, Weijuan; Zhang, Peng (2017-09-27). "C4 Protein of Sweet Potato Leaf Curl Virus Regulates Brassinosteroid ...
Systemin
Holton N, Caño-Delgado A, Harrison K, Montoya T, Chory J, Bishop GJ (May 2007). "Tomato Brassinosteroid Insensitive1 is ... July 2009). "The tomato brassinosteroid receptor BRI1 increases binding of systemin to tobacco plasma membranes, but is not ...
C-5 sterol desaturase
1999). "The Arabidopsis dwf7/ste1 mutant is defective in the delta 7 sterol C-5 desaturation step leading to brassinosteroid ... in a pathway thought to lead to a variety of membrane components as well as a class of hormones called brassinosteroids. Based ...
KEGG PATHWAY: Brassinosteroid biosynthesis - Reference pathway
Brassinosteroid biosynthesis - Reference pathway [ Pathway menu , Organism menu , Pathway entry , Show description , Image file ... Brassinosteroids are a group of plant steroid hormones that regulate growth and development. More than fifty naturally ... The most abundant and widely occurring brassinosteroids are C28 steroids, and among them brassinolide (BL) is the most ... Another branching pathway, the early-C22 oxidation pathway, was demonstrated using a brassinosteroid-deficient mutant of ...
PLAZA 3.0 Dicots MapMan : 17.3.1 (hormone metabolism.brassinosteroid.synthesis-degradation)
Genetic Background Influences Brassinosteroid-Related Mutant Phenotypes in Rice
Keywords: Brassinosteroid; Brassinosteroid Receptor; Brassinosteroid Sensitivity; miniature Ping (mPing); Mutant; Nipponbare; ... Characterization of New Brassinosteroid-Related Mutants. To obtain brassinosteroid-related mutants, we performed large-scale ... Among the previously identified brassinosteroid-related rice mutants, only the brassinosteroid-deficient d11 mutants showed the ... Genetic Background Influenced the Expression of Brassinosteroid-Related Genes. To compare the brassinosteroid response between ...
Brassinosteroid signaling in plant development and adaptation to stress | Development | The Company of Biologists
BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE2 interacts with ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE5 to mediate the antagonism of brassinosteroids to ... Nuclear-localized BZR1 mediates brassinosteroid-induced growth and feedback suppression of brassinosteroid biosynthesis ... Brassinosteroid signaling in plant development and adaptation to stress Ainoa Planas-Riverola, Ainoa Planas-Riverola * ... The role of brassinosteroid signaling in stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. The root stem cell niche comprises a small ...
Q&A: what are brassinosteroids and how do they act in plants? | BMC Biology | Full Text
Brassinosteroid signalling and its integration with other signalling pathways have been investigated thoroughly at the ... Brassinosteroids regulate a wide range of physiological processes including plant growth, development and immunity. ... Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a class of polyhydroxylated steroidal phytohormones in plants with similar structures to animals ... The brassinosteroid signal transduction pathway in the absence (a) and presence (b) of brassinosteroid (BR) in Arabidopsis. ...
Overexpression of a brassinosteroid biosynthetic gene Dwarf enhances photosynthetic capacity through activation of Calvin cycle...
Profiling of potential brassinosteroids in different tissues of rape
Brassinosteroids (BRs) play crucial roles in a variety of physiological processes in plants. The full elucidation of the ... Brassinosteroids (BRs) play crucial roles in a variety of physiological processes in plants. The full elucidation of the ... Profiling of potential brassinosteroids in different tissues of rape flower by stable isotope labeling - liquid chromatography/ ...
A receptor-like protein mediates the response to pectin modification by activating brassinosteroid signaling
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eCite - Brassinosteroids Do Not Undergo Long-Distance Transport in Pea. Implications for the Regulation of Endogenous...
Brassinosteroids Do Not Undergo Long-Distance Transport in Pea. Implications for the Regulation of Endogenous Brassinosteriod ... Brassinosteroids Do Not Undergo Long-Distance Transport in Pea. Implications for the Regulation of Endogenous Brassinosteriod ... Symons, GM and Reid, JB, Brassinosteroids Do Not Undergo Long-Distance Transport in Pea. Implications for the Regulation of ... It is widely accepted that brassinosteroids (BRs) are important regulators of plant growth and development. However, in ...
Plantae | Root Foraging under Low Nitrogen Depends on Brassinosteroids | Plantae
SPEECHLESS integrates brassinosteroid and stomata signalling pathways
... Gudesblat G;C. Betti;Schneider-Pizon J;Mayerhofer J; ... Here, we show that in addition to MAPKs, SPCH activity is also modulated by brassinosteroid (BR) signalling. The GSK3/SHAGGY- ... SPEECHLESS integrates brassinosteroid and stomata signalling pathways / G. Gudesblat, C. Betti, J. Schneider-Pizon, J. ... Here, we show that in addition to MAPKs, SPCH activity is also modulated by brassinosteroid (BR) signalling. The GSK3/SHAGGY- ...
ERF49 mediates brassinosteroid regulation of heat stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana-Institute Of Botany,The Chinese...
Issue: Plant Communications
dr. Qing Lu
Design, synthesis and biological activities of new brassinosteroid analogues with a phenyl group in the side chain M Kvasnica, ... Proteome-wide cellular thermal shift assay reveals unexpected cross-talk between brassinosteroid and auxin signaling Qing Lu ( ... brassinosteroids, bri1, cell biology, chemical inhibition, clathrin ...
RCSB PDB - 3RJ0: Plant steroid receptor BRI1 ectodomain in complex with brassinolide
Protein BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1. A. 772. Arabidopsis thaliana. Mutation(s): 0 Gene Names: At4g39400, BRI1, F23K16.30. EC ... Plants, however, perceive steroids at membranes, using the membrane-integral receptor kinase BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1 ( ... Plants, however, perceive steroids at membranes, using the membrane-integral receptor kinase BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1 ( ...
[email protected] Women's University: Constitutive activation of stress-inducible genes in a brassinosteroid-insensitive 1...
Constitutive activation of stress-inducible genes in a brassinosteroid-insensitive 1 (bri1) mutant results in higher tolerance ... Brassinosteroids (BRs), plant-specific steroid hormones, affect many aspects of plant growth and development over a plant' ... Constitutive activation of stress-inducible genes in a brassinosteroid-insensitive 1 (bri1) mutant results in higher tolerance ... and the brassinosteroid-insensitive 1 (bri1) mutation, which results in defective BR signaling and subsequent dwarfism, ...
Genome-wide identification and expression analysis reveals spinach brassinosteroid-signaling kinase (BSK) gene family functions...
Brassinosteroid (BR)- signaling kinase (BSK) is a critical family of receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase for BR signal ... BRASSINOSTEROID-SIGNALING KINASE 3, a plasma membrane-associated scaffold protein involved in early brassinosteroid signaling. ... A brassinosteroid-signaling kinase interacts with multiple receptor-like kinases in Arabidopsis. Mol Plant. 2014;7:441-4. https ... Brassinosteroid (BR)- signaling kinase (BSK) is a critical family of receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase for BR signal ...
Determining best timing for Brassinosteroid (Brs) application to achieve maximum beneficial effects on citrus tree health and...
Frontiers | Molecular locks and keys: the role of small molecules in phytohormone research
2002). Nuclear-localized BZR1 mediates brassinosteroid-induced growth and feedback suppression of brassinosteroid biosynthesis ... Chung, Y., and Choe, S. (2013). The Regulation of Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. CRC. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 32, ... Brassinosteroid biosynthesis is regulated by a complex network of three redundant pathways that convert the common precursor ... Bikinin also stimulates BR responses in bin2-1, a gain of function mutation in BIN2 (BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE2). BIN2 is a ...
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Amelioration of Aluminium Toxicity in Pigeon Pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] Plant by 24-Epibrassinolide
Brassinosteroids are new group of phytohormones with significant growth promoting activity [9] [10] . Brassinosteroids are ... Vardhini, B.V., Anuradha, S. and Rao, S.S.R. (2006) Brassinosteroids-New Class of Plant Hormone with Potential to Improve Crop ... Anuradha, S. and Rao, S.S.R. (2003) Application of Brassinosteroids to Rice Seeds (Oryza sativa) Reduced the Impact of Salt ... Brassinosteroids could prevent loss of photosynthetic pigments, either by activating specific genes responsible for chlorophyll ...
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Cells | Free Full-Text | Overexpression of the Selective Autophagy Cargo Receptor NBR1 Modifies Plant Response to Sulfur Deficit
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Kolbe, A.; Schneider, B.; Porzel, A.; Adam, G.: Investigations on the metabolism of 3-H labelled brassinosteroids in cell ... Schneider, B.; Kolbe, A.; Winter, J.; Porzel, A.; Schmidt, J.; Strack, D.; Adam, G.: Pathways and enzymology of brassinosteroid ... Schneider, B.; Kolbe, A.; Hai, T.; Porzel, A.; Adam, G.: Metabolism of brassinosteroids in plant cell cultures. In: Proceedings ... Porzel, A.; Hai, T.; Kolbe, A.; Schneider, B.; Adam, G.: Structure elucidation of brassinosteroid metabolites by NMR ...
ArabidopsisKinaseSteroid hormonesPhytohormonesBRI1Regulators of plant growth and developmentBiosynthesis geneGenesMolecularMutantAbscisic acidCytochrome P450 monooxygenasesPathwaysReceptor kinasesRegulatePhysiological processesInsensitivePathwaySteroidsSteroidalToleranceRolesTissuesMetabolismIdentificationGeneticEnzymesGene expressionNaturallyAnalysisPlantsProteinIntegrationFruit qualityCellActivityEffectsActionResearchComponents
Arabidopsis14
- Another branching pathway, the early-C22 oxidation pathway, was demonstrated using a brassinosteroid-deficient mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana. (genome.jp)
- The major pathway for brassinosteroid biosynthesis was elucidated in Arabidopsis, and a number of dwarf mutants have been identified as brassinosteroid deficient [4,5]. (scirp.org)
- Because the most biologically active brassinosteroid, brassinolide, has been detected in Arabidopsis and some other dicot plants but not in rice, the precursor of brassinolide, castasterone, is believed to act as the bioactive brassinosteroid in rice [11]. (scirp.org)
- The BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1-LIKE3 signalosome complex regulates Arabidopsis root development. (ncsu.edu)
- Deactivation of the Arabidopsis BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1) receptor kinase by autophosphorylation within the glycine-rich loop. (ncsu.edu)
- Enhancing arabidopsis leaf growth by engineering the BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1 receptor kinase. (ncsu.edu)
- Tyrosine phosphorylation of the BRI1 receptor kinase emerges as a component of brassinosteroid signaling in Arabidopsis. (ncsu.edu)
- The molecular intersection of brassinosteroid-regulated growth and flowering in Arabidopsis. (ncsu.edu)
- Identification and functional analysis of in vivo phosphorylation sites of the Arabidopsis brassinosteroid-insensitive1 receptor kinase. (ncsu.edu)
- Interaction of Arabidopsis BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE 1 receptor kinase with a homolog of mammalian TGF-beta receptor interacting protein. (ncsu.edu)
- A brassinosteroid-insensitive mutant in Arabidopsis thaliana exhibits multiple defects in growth and development. (ncsu.edu)
- Brassinosteroids (BRs) are phytohormones that regulate various aspects of plant development, which have been implicated also in plant responses to heat stress, and resistance to heat in Arabidopsis thaliana is enhanced by adding exogenous BR. (cas.cn)
- Brassinosteroids promote root growth in Arabidopsis. (mpg.de)
- Brassinosteroids influence arabidopsis hypocotyl graviresponses through changes in mannans and cellulose. (mpg.de)
Kinase5
- Autophosphorylation of Tyr-610 in the receptor kinase BAK1 plays a role in brassinosteroid signaling and basal defense gene expression. (ncsu.edu)
- Sequential transphosphorylation of the BRI1/BAK1 receptor kinase complex impacts early events in brassinosteroid signaling. (ncsu.edu)
- Recombinant brassinosteroid insensitive 1 receptor-like kinase autophosphorylates on serine and threonine residues and phosphorylates a conserved peptide motif in vitro. (ncsu.edu)
- Brassinosteroid (BR)- signaling kinase (BSK) is a critical family of receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase for BR signal transduction, which plays important roles in plant development, immunity, and abiotic stress responses. (biomedcentral.com)
- brassinosteroid LRR receptor kinase precur. (cornell.edu)
Steroid hormones6
- Brassinosteroids are a group of plant steroid hormones that regulate growth and development. (genome.jp)
- Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a class of polyhydroxylated steroidal phytohormones in plants with similar structures to animals' steroid hormones. (biomedcentral.com)
- What are the plant steroid hormones brassinosteroids? (biomedcentral.com)
- Brassinosteroids - Plant counterparts to animal steroid hormones? (ncsu.edu)
- Brassinosteroids (BRs), plant-specific steroid hormones, affect many aspects of plant growth and development over a plant's lifetime. (sookmyung.ac.kr)
- Brassinosteroids are plant steroid hormones known for their anti-stress properties. (who.int)
Phytohormones1
- Brassinosteroids are essential phytohormones for various growth and developmental processes in higher plants such as cell and stem elongation, dark-adapted morphogenesis (skotomorphogenesis), responses to environmental stress, and tracheary element differentiation [1-3]. (scirp.org)
BRI12
- The tomato brassinosteroid receptor BRI1 increases binding of systemin to tobacco plasma membranes, but is not involved in systemin signaling. (ncsu.edu)
- In this study we determined that exogenous treatment of BR helped the plant overcome the cold condition only when pretreated with less than 1 nM, and the brassinosteroid-insensitive 1 (bri1) mutation, which results in defective BR signaling and subsequent dwarfism, generates an increased tolerance to cold. (sookmyung.ac.kr)
Regulators of plant growth and development2
Biosynthesis gene1
- Similar trends were seen for phenotypes caused by mutants of d2, a brassinosteroid biosynthesis gene. (scirp.org)
Genes5
- In two cases, mutations in the same brassinosteroid-related genes caused different phenotypes in japonica varieties Nipponbare and Taichung 65. (scirp.org)
- Consistent with these phenotypes, the expression of brassinosteroid-responsive genes was lower in the Nipponbare-derived mutants. (scirp.org)
- A putative role for the tomato genes DUMPY and CURL-3 in brassinosteroid biosynthesis and response. (ncsu.edu)
- Identification of brassinosteroid-related genes by means of transcript co-response analyses. (mpg.de)
- EXORDIUM regulates brassinosteroid-responsive genes. (mpg.de)
Molecular5
- Brassinosteroid signalling and its integration with other signalling pathways have been investigated thoroughly at the molecular level. (biomedcentral.com)
- Recent advances in brassinosteroid research: From molecular mechanisms to practical applications. (ncsu.edu)
- Molecular genetic analysis of brassinosteroid action. (ncsu.edu)
- Molecular analysis of brassinosteroid action. (mpg.de)
- In the past few years, both the brassinosteroid biosynthetic pathway and the molecular signalling route from the brassinosteroid receptor to intracellular gene-transcription factors have been elucidated 1 , 2 . (nature.com)
Mutant3
- Three newly isolated brassinosteroid-insensitive mutants (d61-1N, d61-11, and d61-12) derived from a Nipponbare mutant library were found to be alleles of d61, which represent defects in the OsBRI1 gene. (scirp.org)
- Although Nipponbare is a model rice genotype, it can be categorized as an OsBRI1 mutant that has reduced sensitivity to brassinosteroid. (scirp.org)
- A maize mutant that can't produce brassinosteroids-a plant hormone-develops female kernels where male tassel flowers would normally occur. (the-scientist.com)
Abscisic acid1
- Brassinosteroid/abscisic acid antagonism in balancing growth and stress. (ncsu.edu)
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases2
- Recently, a new shortcut pathway from campesterol to 6-deoxotyphasterol was demonstrated by a functional analysis of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases responsible for brassinosteroid biosynthesis. (genome.jp)
- Among the six major enzymes involved in brassinosteroid biosynthesis in plants, four are cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. (scirp.org)
Pathways1
- Pathways and enzymology of brassinosteroid metabolism. (mpg.de)
Receptor kinases1
- Genetic evidence for an indispensable role of somatic embryogenesis receptor kinases in brassinosteroid signaling. (ncsu.edu)
Regulate1
- Brassinosteroids regulate a wide range of physiological processes including plant growth, development and immunity. (biomedcentral.com)
Physiological processes1
- Brassinosteroids (BRs) play crucial roles in a variety of physiological processes in plants. (researcher-app.com)
Insensitive1
- Two other brassinosteroid-insensitive rice mutants, dwarf and low-tillering (dlt) and leaf and tiller angle increased controller (lic), have recently been identified [17,18]. (scirp.org)
Pathway1
- Brassinosteroid signal transduction: Clarifying the pathway from ligand perception to gene expression. (ncsu.edu)
Steroids2
- The most abundant and widely occurring brassinosteroids are C28 steroids, and among them brassinolide (BL) is the most biologically active. (genome.jp)
- Steroids shop in gurgaon, brassinosteroids for sale There are products that are either used for medical purpose or to enhance performance and then there are products that can do both. (inpsyt.app)
Steroidal1
- Brassinosteroids: Steroidal plant hormones. (ncsu.edu)
Tolerance1
- Brassinosteroid Signaling Network: Implications on Grain Yield and Stress Tolerance. (iastate.edu)
Roles1
- Roles of cis regions and brassinosteroids. (ncsu.edu)
Tissues1
- Soybean BRU1 encodes a functional xyloglucan endotransglycosylase that is highly expressed in inner epicotyl tissues during brassinosteroid-promoted elongation. (ncsu.edu)
Metabolism3
- Brassinosteroids are also involved in regulating the metabolism of plant oxidation radicals, ethylene synthesis and root gravitropic response, and have a role in mediating plant responses to stress, such as freezing, drought, salinity, disease, heat and nutrient deficiency [ 5 - 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Investigations on the metabolism of 3-H labelled brassinosteroids in cell suspension cultures of Ornithopus sativus. (mpg.de)
- Metabolism of brassinosteroids in plant cell cultures. (mpg.de)
Identification1
- Evolutionary Analysis and Functional Identification of Ancient Brassinosteroid Receptors in Ceratopteris richardii . (bvsalud.org)
Genetic1
- Based on these results, we conclude that the expression of OsBRI1, especially its feed-forward up-regulation, is misregulated in wild-type Nipponbare and in brassinosteroid-related mutants in a Nipponbare genetic background. (scirp.org)
Enzymes1
- Brassinosteroid biosynthesis starts with the plant sterol campesterol, and the bioactive brassinosteroids, castasterone and brassinolide, are synthesized by sequential reactions catalyzed mainly by six enzymes. (scirp.org)
Gene expression1
- subsequent biochemical studies have revealed many details about signaling events from brassinosteroid perception at the cell surface to gene expression in the nucleus [13,14]. (scirp.org)
Naturally2
- More than fifty naturally occurring brassinosteroids have been identified in a wide range of plant species. (genome.jp)
- These plant hormones, known as brassinosteroids, are 'bioidentical,' meaning they mimic naturally occurring male hormones. (canadianpinepollen.com)
Analysis1
- Shooting control by brassinosteroids: metabolomic analysis and effect of brassinazole on Malus prunifolia, the Marubakaido apple rootstock. (ncsu.edu)
Plants4
- Q&A: what are brassinosteroids and how do they act in plants? (biomedcentral.com)
- What parts of plants are brassinosteroids usually found in? (biomedcentral.com)
- Brassinosteroids have been found in various species of plants, including monoplast freshwater algae and brown algae, indicating that BRs are a widespread ancient plant hormone [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Brassinosteroids are growth-promoting plant hormones, and their absence, or the absence of their main transmembrane receptor protein, creates dwarfed plants. (nature.com)
Protein1
- Expression of a plant gene with sequence similarity to animal TGF-beta receptor interacting protein is regulated by brassinosteroids and required for normal plant development. (ncsu.edu)
Integration1
- Integration of light and brassinosteroid signals in etiolated seedling growth. (ncsu.edu)
Fruit quality1
- Brassinosteroids and fruit quality. (citrusrdf.org)
Cell1
- It seems that the epidermis is the cell layer through which growth-promoting plant hormones called brassinosteroids exert their effect on cell expansion - a finding that puts a new perspective on classical views of plant growth. (nature.com)
Activity1
- Here, we show that in addition to MAPKs, SPCH activity is also modulated by brassinosteroid (BR) signalling. (unimi.it)
Effects2
Action1
- Brassinosteroids: Modes of BR action and signal transduction. (ncsu.edu)
Research1
- New developments in brassinosteroid research. (mpg.de)
Components1
- Brassinosteroid signaling: Novel downstream components emerge. (ncsu.edu)