Arteries: The vessels carrying blood away from the heart.Pulmonary Artery: The short wide vessel arising from the conus arteriosus of the right ventricle and conveying unaerated blood to the lungs.Carotid Arteries: Either of the two principal arteries on both sides of the neck that supply blood to the head and neck; each divides into two branches, the internal carotid artery and the external carotid artery.Cerebral Arteries: The arterial blood vessels supplying the CEREBRUM.Renal Artery: A branch of the abdominal aorta which supplies the kidneys, adrenal glands and ureters.Femoral Artery: The main artery of the thigh, a continuation of the external iliac artery.Mesenteric Arteries: Arteries which arise from the abdominal aorta and distribute to most of the intestines.Basilar Artery: The artery formed by the union of the right and left vertebral arteries; it runs from the lower to the upper border of the pons, where it bifurcates into the two posterior cerebral arteries.Iliac Artery: Either of two large arteries originating from the abdominal aorta; they supply blood to the pelvis, abdominal wall and legs.Vertebral Artery: The first branch of the SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY with distribution to muscles of the NECK; VERTEBRAE; SPINAL CORD; CEREBELLUM; and interior of the CEREBRUM.Coronary Artery Bypass: Surgical therapy of ischemic coronary artery disease achieved by grafting a section of saphenous vein, internal mammary artery, or other substitute between the aorta and the obstructed coronary artery distal to the obstructive lesion.Mammary Arteries: Arteries originating from the subclavian or axillary arteries and distributing to the anterior thoracic wall, mediastinal structures, diaphragm, pectoral muscles and mammary gland.Radial Artery: The direct continuation of the brachial trunk, originating at the bifurcation of the brachial artery opposite the neck of the radius. Its branches may be divided into three groups corresponding to the three regions in which the vessel is situated, the forearm, wrist, and hand.Carotid Artery, Internal: Branch of the common carotid artery which supplies the anterior part of the brain, the eye and its appendages, the forehead and nose.Subclavian Artery: Artery arising from the brachiocephalic trunk on the right side and from the arch of the aorta on the left side. It distributes to the neck, thoracic wall, spinal cord, brain, meninges, and upper limb.Carotid Artery Diseases: Pathological conditions involving the CAROTID ARTERIES, including the common, internal, and external carotid arteries. ATHEROSCLEROSIS and TRAUMA are relatively frequent causes of carotid artery pathology.Splenic Artery: The largest branch of the celiac trunk with distribution to the spleen, pancreas, stomach and greater omentum.Brachial Artery: The continuation of the axillary artery; it branches into the radial and ulnar arteries.Hepatic Artery: A branch of the celiac artery that distributes to the stomach, pancreas, duodenum, liver, gallbladder, and greater omentum.Coronary Vessels: The veins and arteries of the HEART.Carotid Artery, Common: The two principal arteries supplying the structures of the head and neck. They ascend in the neck, one on each side, and at the level of the upper border of the thyroid cartilage, each divides into two branches, the external (CAROTID ARTERY, EXTERNAL) and internal (CAROTID ARTERY, INTERNAL) carotid arteries.Mesenteric Artery, Superior: A large vessel supplying the whole length of the small intestine except the superior part of the duodenum. It also supplies the cecum and the ascending part of the colon and about half the transverse part of the colon. It arises from the anterior surface of the aorta below the celiac artery at the level of the first lumbar vertebra.Ophthalmic Artery: Artery originating from the internal carotid artery and distributing to the eye, orbit and adjacent facial structures.Celiac Artery: The arterial trunk that arises from the abdominal aorta and after a short course divides into the left gastric, common hepatic and splenic arteries.Middle Cerebral Artery: The largest of the cerebral arteries. It trifurcates into temporal, frontal, and parietal branches supplying blood to most of the parenchyma of these lobes in the CEREBRAL CORTEX. These are the areas involved in motor, sensory, and speech activities.Thoracic Arteries: Arteries originating from the subclavian or axillary arteries and distributing to the anterior thoracic wall, mediastinal structures, diaphragm, pectoral muscles, mammary gland and the axillary aspect of the chest wall.Renal Artery Obstruction: Narrowing or occlusion of the RENAL ARTERY or arteries. It is due usually to ATHEROSCLEROSIS; FIBROMUSCULAR DYSPLASIA; THROMBOSIS; EMBOLISM, or external pressure. The reduced renal perfusion can lead to renovascular hypertension (HYPERTENSION, RENOVASCULAR).Umbilical Arteries: Specialized arterial vessels in the umbilical cord. They carry waste and deoxygenated blood from the FETUS to the mother via the PLACENTA. In humans, there are usually two umbilical arteries but sometimes one.Temporal Arteries: Arteries arising from the external carotid or the maxillary artery and distributing to the temporal region.Bronchial Arteries: Left bronchial arteries arise from the thoracic aorta, the right from the first aortic intercostal or the upper left bronchial artery; they supply the bronchi and the lower trachea.Ulnar Artery: The larger of the two terminal branches of the brachial artery, beginning about one centimeter distal to the bend of the elbow. Like the RADIAL ARTERY, its branches may be divided into three groups corresponding to their locations in the forearm, wrist, and hand.Coronary Angiography: Radiography of the vascular system of the heart muscle after injection of a contrast medium.Popliteal Artery: The continuation of the femoral artery coursing through the popliteal fossa; it divides into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries.Carotid Artery, External: Branch of the common carotid artery which supplies the exterior of the head, the face, and the greater part of the neck.Uterine Artery: A branch arising from the internal iliac artery in females, that supplies blood to the uterus.Angiography: Radiography of blood vessels after injection of a contrast medium.Vasodilation: The physiological widening of BLOOD VESSELS by relaxing the underlying VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE.Arterial Occlusive Diseases: Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency.Retinal Artery Occlusion: Sudden ISCHEMIA in the RETINA due to blocked blood flow through the CENTRAL RETINAL ARTERY or its branches leading to sudden complete or partial loss of vision, respectively, in the eye.Muscle, Smooth, Vascular: The nonstriated involuntary muscle tissue of blood vessels.Vasoconstriction: The physiological narrowing of BLOOD VESSELS by contraction of the VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE.Carotid Artery Injuries: Damages to the CAROTID ARTERIES caused either by blunt force or penetrating trauma, such as CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; THORACIC INJURIES; and NECK INJURIES. Damaged carotid arteries can lead to CAROTID ARTERY THROMBOSIS; CAROTID-CAVERNOUS SINUS FISTULA; pseudoaneurysm formation; and INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY DISSECTION. (From Am J Forensic Med Pathol 1997, 18:251; J Trauma 1994, 37:473)Treatment Outcome: Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.Tomography, X-Ray Computed: Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.Coronary Disease: An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.Stents: Devices that provide support for tubular structures that are being anastomosed or for body cavities during skin grafting.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Axillary Artery: The continuation of the subclavian artery; it distributes over the upper limb, axilla, chest and shoulder.Endothelium, Vascular: Single pavement layer of cells which line the luminal surface of the entire vascular system and regulate the transport of macromolecules and blood components.Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery: NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.Meningeal Arteries: Arteries which supply the dura mater.Aneurysm: Pathological outpouching or sac-like dilatation in the wall of any blood vessel (ARTERIES or VEINS) or the heart (HEART ANEURYSM). It indicates a thin and weakened area in the wall which may later rupture. Aneurysms are classified by location, etiology, or other characteristics.Vasodilator Agents: Drugs used to cause dilation of the blood vessels.Carotid Artery Thrombosis: Blood clot formation in any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES. This may produce CAROTID STENOSIS or occlusion of the vessel, leading to TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; CEREBRAL INFARCTION; or AMAUROSIS FUGAX.Cerebral Angiography: Radiography of the vascular system of the brain after injection of a contrast medium.Regional Blood Flow: The flow of BLOOD through or around an organ or region of the body.Carotid Stenosis: Narrowing or stricture of any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES, most often due to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Ulcerations may form in atherosclerotic plaques and induce THROMBUS formation. Platelet or cholesterol emboli may arise from stenotic carotid lesions and induce a TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; or temporary blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp 822-3)Magnetic Resonance Angiography: Non-invasive method of vascular imaging and determination of internal anatomy without injection of contrast media or radiation exposure. The technique is used especially in CEREBRAL ANGIOGRAPHY as well as for studies of other vascular structures.Maxillary Artery: A branch of the external carotid artery which distributes to the deep structures of the face (internal maxillary) and to the side of the face and nose (external maxillary).Embolization, Therapeutic: A method of hemostasis utilizing various agents such as Gelfoam, silastic, metal, glass, or plastic pellets, autologous clot, fat, and muscle as emboli. It has been used in the treatment of spinal cord and INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS, renal arteriovenous fistulas, gastrointestinal bleeding, epistaxis, hypersplenism, certain highly vascular tumors, traumatic rupture of blood vessels, and control of operative hemorrhage.Blood Pressure: PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.Dogs: The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)Coronary Circulation: The circulation of blood through the CORONARY VESSELS of the HEART.Follow-Up Studies: Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.Constriction, Pathologic: The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions.Coronary Stenosis: Narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery.Bundle-Branch Block: A form of heart block in which the electrical stimulation of HEART VENTRICLES is interrupted at either one of the branches of BUNDLE OF HIS thus preventing the simultaneous depolarization of the two ventricles.Vasoconstrictor Agents: Drugs used to cause constriction of the blood vessels.Hemodynamics: The movement and the forces involved in the movement of the blood through the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.Angioplasty, Balloon: Use of a balloon catheter for dilation of an occluded artery. It is used in treatment of arterial occlusive diseases, including renal artery stenosis and arterial occlusions in the leg. For the specific technique of BALLOON DILATION in coronary arteries, ANGIOPLASTY, BALLOON, CORONARY is available.Vascular Patency: The degree to which BLOOD VESSELS are not blocked or obstructed.Myocardial Infarction: NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).Internal Mammary-Coronary Artery Anastomosis: Direct myocardial revascularization in which the internal mammary artery is anastomosed to the right coronary artery, circumflex artery, or anterior descending coronary artery. The internal mammary artery is the most frequent choice, especially for a single graft, for coronary artery bypass surgery.Prospective Studies: Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.Carotid Artery, Internal, Dissection: The splitting of the vessel wall in one or both (left and right) internal carotid arteries (CAROTID ARTERY, INTERNAL). Interstitial hemorrhage into the media of the vessel wall can lead to occlusion of the internal carotid artery and aneurysm formation.Retrospective Studies: Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.Coronary Artery Bypass, Off-Pump: Coronary artery bypass surgery on a beating HEART without a CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS (diverting the flow of blood from the heart and lungs through an oxygenator).Ultrasonography, Doppler: Ultrasonography applying the Doppler effect, with frequency-shifted ultrasound reflections produced by moving targets (usually red blood cells) in the bloodstream along the ultrasound axis in direct proportion to the velocity of movement of the targets, to determine both direction and velocity of blood flow. (Stedman, 25th ed)Angiography, Digital Subtraction: A method of delineating blood vessels by subtracting a tissue background image from an image of tissue plus intravascular contrast material that attenuates the X-ray photons. The background image is determined from a digitized image taken a few moments before injection of the contrast material. The resulting angiogram is a high-contrast image of the vessel. This subtraction technique allows extraction of a high-intensity signal from the superimposed background information. The image is thus the result of the differential absorption of X-rays by different tissues.Electrocardiography: Recording of the moment-to-moment electromotive forces of the HEART as projected onto various sites on the body's surface, delineated as a scalar function of time. The recording is monitored by a tracing on slow moving chart paper or by observing it on a cardioscope, which is a CATHODE RAY TUBE DISPLAY.Mesenteric Artery, Inferior: The artery supplying nearly all the left half of the transverse colon, the whole of the descending colon, the sigmoid colon, and the greater part of the rectum. It is smaller than the superior mesenteric artery (MESENTERIC ARTERY, SUPERIOR) and arises from the aorta above its bifurcation into the common iliac arteries.Risk Factors: An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.Ligation: Application of a ligature to tie a vessel or strangulate a part.Vertebral Artery Dissection: Splitting of the vessel wall in the VERTEBRAL ARTERY. Interstitial hemorrhage into the media of the vessel wall can lead to occlusion of the vertebral artery, aneurysm formation, or THROMBOEMBOLISM. Vertebral artery dissection is often associated with TRAUMA and injuries to the head-neck region but can occur spontaneously.Swine: Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).Intracranial Aneurysm: Abnormal outpouching in the wall of intracranial blood vessels. Most common are the saccular (berry) aneurysms located at branch points in CIRCLE OF WILLIS at the base of the brain. Vessel rupture results in SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Giant aneurysms (>2.5 cm in diameter) may compress adjacent structures, including the OCULOMOTOR NERVE. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p841)Cerebrovascular Circulation: The circulation of blood through the BLOOD VESSELS of the BRAIN.Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation: Surgical insertion of BLOOD VESSEL PROSTHESES to repair injured or diseased blood vessels.Arteriosclerosis: Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color: Ultrasonography applying the Doppler effect, with the superposition of flow information as colors on a gray scale in a real-time image. This type of ultrasonography is well-suited to identifying the location of high-velocity flow (such as in a stenosis) or of mapping the extent of flow in a certain region.Aneurysm, False: Not an aneurysm but a well-defined collection of blood and CONNECTIVE TISSUE outside the wall of a blood vessel or the heart. It is the containment of a ruptured blood vessel or heart, such as sealing a rupture of the left ventricle. False aneurysm is formed by organized THROMBUS and HEMATOMA in surrounding tissue.Catheterization: Use or insertion of a tubular device into a duct, blood vessel, hollow organ, or body cavity for injecting or withdrawing fluids for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. It differs from INTUBATION in that the tube here is used to restore or maintain patency in obstructions.Postoperative Complications: Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary: Dilation of an occluded coronary artery (or arteries) by means of a balloon catheter to restore myocardial blood supply.Predictive Value of Tests: In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.Acetylcholine: A neurotransmitter found at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system.Aneurysm, Ruptured: The tearing or bursting of the weakened wall of the aneurysmal sac, usually heralded by sudden worsening pain. The great danger of a ruptured aneurysm is the large amount of blood spilling into the surrounding tissues and cavities, causing HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK.Aorta, Thoracic: The portion of the descending aorta proceeding from the arch of the aorta and extending to the DIAPHRAGM, eventually connecting to the ABDOMINAL AORTA.Calcinosis: Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues.Rabbits: The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.Rats, Sprague-Dawley: A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.Pulsatile Flow: Rhythmic, intermittent propagation of a fluid through a BLOOD VESSEL or piping system, in contrast to constant, smooth propagation, which produces laminar flow.Nitric Oxide: A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP.Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency: Localized or diffuse reduction in blood flow through the vertebrobasilar arterial system, which supplies the BRAIN STEM; CEREBELLUM; OCCIPITAL LOBE; medial TEMPORAL LOBE; and THALAMUS. Characteristic clinical features include SYNCOPE; lightheadedness; visual disturbances; and VERTIGO. BRAIN STEM INFARCTIONS or other BRAIN INFARCTION may be associated.Cardiac Catheterization: Procedures in which placement of CARDIAC CATHETERS is performed for therapeutic or diagnostic procedures.Saphenous Vein: The vein which drains the foot and leg.Vascular Surgical Procedures: Operative procedures for the treatment of vascular disorders.Disease Models, Animal: Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.Aorta: The main trunk of the systemic arteries.Brachiocephalic Trunk: The first and largest artery branching from the aortic arch. It distributes blood to the right side of the head and neck and to the right arm.Norepinephrine: Precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers and of the diffuse projection system in the brain arising from the locus ceruleus. It is also found in plants and is used pharmacologically as a sympathomimetic.Circle of Willis: A polygonal anastomosis at the base of the brain formed by the internal carotid (CAROTID ARTERY, INTERNAL), proximal parts of the anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries (ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY; MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY; POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), the anterior communicating artery and the posterior communicating arteries.Blood Vessel Prosthesis: Device constructed of either synthetic or biological material that is used for the repair of injured or diseased blood vessels.Transposition of Great Vessels: A congenital cardiovascular malformation in which the AORTA arises entirely from the RIGHT VENTRICLE, and the PULMONARY ARTERY arises from the LEFT VENTRICLE. Consequently, the pulmonary and the systemic circulations are parallel and not sequential, so that the venous return from the peripheral circulation is re-circulated by the right ventricle via aorta to the systemic circulation without being oxygenated in the lungs. This is a potentially lethal form of heart disease in newborns and infants.Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.Cerebral Infarction: The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).Dose-Response Relationship, Drug: The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.Angioplasty: Reconstruction or repair of a blood vessel, which includes the widening of a pathological narrowing of an artery or vein by the removal of atheromatous plaque material and/or the endothelial lining as well, or by dilatation (BALLOON ANGIOPLASTY) to compress an ATHEROMA. Except for ENDARTERECTOMY, usually these procedures are performed via catheterization as minimally invasive ENDOVASCULAR PROCEDURES.Aorta, Abdominal: The aorta from the DIAPHRAGM to the bifurcation into the right and left common iliac arteries.Angina Pectoris: The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is thought to be provoked by a transient stressful situation during which the oxygen requirements of the MYOCARDIUM exceed that supplied by the CORONARY CIRCULATION.Brain Ischemia: Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.Cadaver: A dead body, usually a human body.Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex: Ultrasonography applying the Doppler effect combined with real-time imaging. The real-time image is created by rapid movement of the ultrasound beam. A powerful advantage of this technique is the ability to estimate the velocity of flow from the Doppler shift frequency.Phylogeny: The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.Rats, Wistar: A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.Dissection: The separation and isolation of tissues for surgical purposes, or for the analysis or study of their structures.Ultrasonography, Interventional: The use of ultrasound to guide minimally invasive surgical procedures such as needle ASPIRATION BIOPSY; DRAINAGE; etc. Its widest application is intravascular ultrasound imaging but it is useful also in urology and intra-abdominal conditions.Veins: The vessels carrying blood away from the capillary beds.Sensitivity and Specificity: Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)Anastomosis, Surgical: Surgical union or shunt between ducts, tubes or vessels. It may be end-to-end, end-to-side, side-to-end, or side-to-side.Hypertension, Pulmonary: Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES.Myocardial Ischemia: A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).Muscle Contraction: A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.Injections, Intra-Arterial: Delivery of drugs into an artery.Aneurysm, Dissecting: Aneurysm caused by a tear in the TUNICA INTIMA of a blood vessel leading to interstitial HEMORRHAGE, and splitting (dissecting) of the vessel wall, often involving the AORTA. Dissection between the intima and media causes luminal occlusion. Dissection at the media, or between the media and the outer adventitia causes aneurismal dilation.Severity of Illness Index: Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder.Cerebral Arterial Diseases: Pathological conditions of intracranial ARTERIES supplying the CEREBRUM. These diseases often are due to abnormalities or pathological processes in the ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY; MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY; and POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY.Vasomotor System: The neural systems which act on VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE to control blood vessel diameter. The major neural control is through the sympathetic nervous system.Muscle Relaxation: That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.Corrosion Casting: A tissue preparation technique that involves the injecting of plastic (acrylates) into blood vessels or other hollow viscera and treating the tissue with a caustic substance. This results in a negative copy or a solid replica of the enclosed space of the tissue that is ready for viewing under a scanning electron microscope.Ischemic Attack, Transient: Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duration of less than 24 hours, and usually less than one hour, caused by transient thrombotic or embolic blood vessel occlusion or stenosis. Events may be classified by arterial distribution, temporal pattern, or etiology (e.g., embolic vs. thrombotic). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp814-6)Risk Assessment: The qualitative or quantitative estimation of the likelihood of adverse effects that may result from exposure to specified health hazards or from the absence of beneficial influences. (Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1988)Biological Factors: Endogenously-synthesized compounds that influence biological processes not otherwise classified under ENZYMES; HORMONES or HORMONE ANTAGONISTS.Echocardiography: Ultrasonic recording of the size, motion, and composition of the heart and surrounding tissues. The standard approach is transthoracic.Gastroepiploic Artery: Abdominal artery that follows the curvature of the stomach. The right gastroepiploic artery is frequently used in CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING; MYOCARDIAL REVASCULARIZATION, and other vascular reconstruction.Aortography: Radiographic visualization of the aorta and its branches by injection of contrast media, using percutaneous puncture or catheterization procedures.Coronary Vasospasm: Spasm of the large- or medium-sized coronary arteries.Nitroprusside: A powerful vasodilator used in emergencies to lower blood pressure or to improve cardiac function. It is also an indicator for free sulfhydryl groups in proteins.15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid: A stable prostaglandin endoperoxide analog which serves as a thromboxane mimetic. Its actions include mimicking the hydro-osmotic effect of VASOPRESSIN and activation of TYPE C PHOSPHOLIPASES. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1983;224(1): 108-117; Biochem J 1984;222(1):103-110)Hypertension: Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.Constriction: The act of constricting.Atherosclerosis: A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.Retinal Vein Occlusion: Blockage of the RETINAL VEIN. Those at high risk for this condition include patients with HYPERTENSION; DIABETES MELLITUS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; and other CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES.Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.Graft Occlusion, Vascular: Obstruction of flow in biological or prosthetic vascular grafts.Endarterectomy, Carotid: The excision of the thickened, atheromatous tunica intima of a carotid artery.Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.Reproducibility of Results: The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial: A non-invasive technique using ultrasound for the measurement of cerebrovascular hemodynamics, particularly cerebral blood flow velocity and cerebral collateral flow. With a high-intensity, low-frequency pulse probe, the intracranial arteries may be studied transtemporally, transorbitally, or from below the foramen magnum.Heart: The hollow, muscular organ that maintains the circulation of the blood.Muscle Tonus: The state of activity or tension of a muscle beyond that related to its physical properties, that is, its active resistance to stretch. In skeletal muscle, tonus is dependent upon efferent innervation. (Stedman, 25th ed)Myography: The recording of muscular movements. The apparatus is called a myograph, the record or tracing, a myogram. (From Stedman, 25th ed)Stroke: A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)Feasibility Studies: Studies to determine the advantages or disadvantages, practicability, or capability of accomplishing a projected plan, study, or project.Models, Cardiovascular: Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of the cardiovascular system, processes, or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers and other electronic equipment.Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status.Nitric Oxide Synthase: An NADPH-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-ARGININE and OXYGEN to produce CITRULLINE and NITRIC OXIDE.Fibromuscular Dysplasia: An idiopathic, segmental, nonatheromatous disease of the musculature of arterial walls, leading to STENOSIS of small and medium-sized arteries. There is true proliferation of SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS and fibrous tissue. Fibromuscular dysplasia lesions are smooth stenosis and occur most often in the renal and carotid arteries. They may also occur in other peripheral arteries of the extremity.Molecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.Coronary Occlusion: Complete blockage of blood flow through one of the CORONARY ARTERIES, usually from CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS.Uterus: The hollow thick-walled muscular organ in the female PELVIS. It consists of the fundus (the body) which is the site of EMBRYO IMPLANTATION and FETAL DEVELOPMENT. Beyond the isthmus at the perineal end of fundus, is CERVIX UTERI (the neck) opening into VAGINA. Beyond the isthmi at the upper abdominal end of fundus, are the FALLOPIAN TUBES.Pulmonary Circulation: The circulation of the BLOOD through the LUNGS.Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.Heart Rate: The number of times the HEART VENTRICLES contract per unit of time, usually per minute.Subclavian Steal Syndrome: A clinically significant reduction in blood supply to the BRAIN STEM and CEREBELLUM (i.e., VERTEBROBASILAR INSUFFICIENCY) resulting from reversal of blood flow through the VERTEBRAL ARTERY from occlusion or stenosis of the proximal subclavian or brachiocephalic artery. Common symptoms include VERTIGO; SYNCOPE; and INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION of the involved upper extremity. Subclavian steal may also occur in asymptomatic individuals. (From J Cardiovasc Surg 1994;35(1):11-4; Acta Neurol Scand 1994;90(3):174-8)Iliac Aneurysm: Abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of any one of the iliac arteries including the common, the internal, or the external ILIAC ARTERY.Exercise Test: Controlled physical activity which is performed in order to allow assessment of physiological functions, particularly cardiovascular and pulmonary, but also aerobic capacity. Maximal (most intense) exercise is usually required but submaximal exercise is also used.Dilatation, Pathologic: The condition of an anatomical structure's being dilated beyond normal dimensions.Imaging, Three-Dimensional: The process of generating three-dimensional images by electronic, photographic, or other methods. For example, three-dimensional images can be generated by assembling multiple tomographic images with the aid of a computer, while photographic 3-D images (HOLOGRAPHY) can be made by exposing film to the interference pattern created when two laser light sources shine on an object.Endarterectomy: Surgical excision, performed under general anesthesia, of the atheromatous tunica intima of an artery. When reconstruction of an artery is performed as an endovascular procedure through a catheter, it is called ATHERECTOMY.Enzyme Inhibitors: Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.Catheterization, Peripheral: Insertion of a catheter into a peripheral artery, vein, or airway for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.Cerebrovascular Disorders: A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others.Arterio-Arterial Fistula: Abnormal communication between two ARTERIES that may result from injury or occur as a congenital abnormality.Pregnancy: The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.Contrast Media: Substances used to allow enhanced visualization of tissues.Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis: Embolism or thrombosis involving blood vessels which supply intracranial structures. Emboli may originate from extracranial or intracranial sources. Thrombosis may occur in arterial or venous structures.Arteriovenous Fistula: An abnormal direct communication between an artery and a vein without passing through the CAPILLARIES. An A-V fistula usually leads to the formation of a dilated sac-like connection, arteriovenous aneurysm. The locations and size of the shunts determine the degree of effects on the cardiovascular functions such as BLOOD PRESSURE and HEART RATE.Intracranial Arteriosclerosis: Vascular diseases characterized by thickening and hardening of the walls of ARTERIES inside the SKULL. There are three subtypes: (1) atherosclerosis with fatty deposits in the ARTERIAL INTIMA; (2) Monckeberg's sclerosis with calcium deposits in the media and (3) arteriolosclerosis involving the small caliber arteries. Clinical signs include HEADACHE; CONFUSION; transient blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX); speech impairment; and HEMIPARESIS.Prosthesis Design: The plan and delineation of prostheses in general or a specific prosthesis.Serotonin: A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and blood platelets. Serotonin mediates several important physiological functions including neurotransmission, gastrointestinal motility, hemostasis, and cardiovascular integrity. Multiple receptor families (RECEPTORS, SEROTONIN) explain the broad physiological actions and distribution of this biochemical mediator.Recurrence: The return of a sign, symptom, or disease after a remission.TailHypertension, Renovascular: Hypertension due to RENAL ARTERY OBSTRUCTION or compression.Myocytes, Smooth Muscle: Non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cells found lining the digestive tract, uterus, and blood vessels. They are derived from specialized myoblasts (MYOBLASTS, SMOOTH MUSCLE).Thrombosis: Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.Analysis of Variance: A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.Rupture, Spontaneous: Tear or break of an organ, vessel or other soft part of the body, occurring in the absence of external force.Infusions, Intra-Arterial: Regional infusion of drugs via an arterial catheter. Often a pump is used to impel the drug through the catheter. Used in therapy of cancer, upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, infection, and peripheral vascular disease.Arteritis: INFLAMMATION of any ARTERIES.
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ArterialAngiographyVascularPosterior communLateralInferiorAortic archVertebral arteriesVesselInternal iliac arBifurcationPulmonary arteriesCarotid arteryOriginateHepatic arteryExternal carotidMain arteryLargest arteryAnterior and posteriorCorticalFemoralAxillary arteryThird part of the subclavianEtiology of cervical artery disAnomaliesUterineNeckCalled the left main cBrachialDorsalArterial branchesCommon carotidSuperficial temporArteriolesRenal arteryOccipitalOriginatesSmall arteryAnastomosesCeliac artery
Arterial1
- A pseudoaneurysm is a dilation of an artery that includes a defect in one or more layers of arterial wall ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
Angiography2
- The suspected diagnosis of pseudoaneurysm arising from superficial temporal artery was confirmed on angiography. (frontiersin.org)
- With the suspicion of pseudoaneurysm, carotid angiography was performed which revealed a large pseudoaneurysm arising from branch of the superficial temporal artery. (frontiersin.org)
Vascular1
- Pseudoaneurysms of the superficial temporal artery are an uncommon vascular lesion of the external carotid system and most often the result of blunt head trauma. (frontiersin.org)
Posterior commun4
- This gives rise to the superior hypophyseal perforators to the anterior pituitary and stalk, posterior communicating artery (PCoA), and anterior choroidal artery (AChA) before bifurcating into the ACA and MCA (see the image below). (medscape.com)
- The MCAs were injected with Congo red dye after adequately ligating the distal one-third of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and the proximal one-third of the posterior communicating artery. (thefreelibrary.com)
- The anterior choroidal artery (AChA) is a small, thin artery that commonly originates 2-5 mm distal to the posterior communicating artery [ 1 , 2 ]. (medsci.org)
- The long-course AChA has anastomoses with the lateral posterior choroidal artery, the posterior cerebral artery and the posterior communicating artery [ 10 , 11 ]. (medsci.org)
Lateral21
- Generally, the artery divides into an anterior division and a posterior division, with the posterior division giving rise to the superior gluteal, iliolumbar, and lateral sacral arteries. (wikipedia.org)
- Together with the internal laryngeal nerve, it pierces the lateral thyrohyoid membrane, and supplies blood to the muscles, mucous membrane, and glands of the larynx, connecting with the branch from the opposite side. (wikipedia.org)
- Lateral projection of a left common carotid artery injection that displays the order of branching in the intracranial carotid, including 1: ophthalmic, 2: posterior communicating, 3: anterior choroidal, and 4: anterior cerebral arteries. (medscape.com)
- Of 21 tumors in segment 3, 13 (61.9%) were supplied by the lateral inferior subsegmental artery (A3), three (14.3%) by the medial subsegmental artery (A4), three (14.3%) by both A4 and A3, one (4.8%) by a branch arising from the left lateral hepatic artery, and one (4.8%) by a branch of the right gastric artery. (springer.com)
- The costocervical trunk may give rise to a lateral internal thoracic artery, which lies about midway between the sternum and vertebral bodies or the mid-axillary line. (anatomyatlases.org)
- 3-circumflex artery, which circles around to the lateral left wall of the heart. (slideserve.com)
- The branches from the posterior division are all parietal, namely, iliolumbar artery (IL), lateral sacral artery (LS), and superior gluteal artery (SG) [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
- lateral cutaneous branch) supplies the skin on the posterior and lateral surfaces of the leg. (bionity.com)
- The left subclavian artery is posterior and slightly lateral to it. (bionity.com)
- The common carotid artery is contained in a sheath known as the carotid sheath, which is derived from the deep cervical fascia and encloses also the internal jugular vein and vagus nerve , the vein lying lateral to the artery, and the nerve between the artery and vein, on a plane posterior to both. (bionity.com)
- In about 43% of cases, the maxillary artery runs deeper than the lateral pterygoid muscle rather than vice-versa. (verywellhealth.com)
- The location of the tibial nerve (superficial to popliteal artery) and the common peroneal nerve (lateral edge of sonogram) can be seen by changing the tilt of the transducer. (asra.com)
- The needle is advanced till the needle tip is positioned 2 cm beyond the lateral border of the popliteal artery. (asra.com)
- We recommend that the needle should be inserted in a medial to lateral direction and the needle tip not be pushed 2 cm beyond the lateral edge of the popliteal artery to avoid anesthetizing the common peroneal nerve and causing a foot-drop. (asra.com)
- Facial branches include the lateral nasal, angular, and inferior labial. (wisegeek.com)
- The deep brachial artery courses through the radial groove close to the radial nerve , first between the long and medial heads of the triceps brachii, then deep to the lateral head in the spiral groove, before dividing into its terminal branches 1,2 . (radiopaedia.org)
- The diagonal arteries supply the antero-lateral wall of the left ventricle . (wikidoc.org)
- The profunda femoris artery is a large and important branch that arises from the lateral side of the femoral artery about 1.5 in. (wikipedia.org)
- At its origin, it gives off the medial and lateral femoral circumflex arteries, and during its course it gives off three perforating arteries. (wikipedia.org)
- The direction of the needle in the femoral artery can be against blood flow (retro-grade), for intervention and diagnostic towards the heart and opposite leg, or with the flow (ante-grade or ipsi-lateral) for diagnostics and intervention on the same leg. (wikipedia.org)
- Posterior bleeding is most frequently from branches of the sphenopalantine artery or from the artery itself and will thus emanate from the lateral nasal wall posterior to the middle turbinate. (clinicaladvisor.com)
Inferior27
- Right (distal from spectator) internal iliac artery and branches, except for iliolumbar artery , umbilical artery , uterine artery / deferential artery and vaginal artery / inferior vesical artery . (wikipedia.org)
- To its medial side are the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle and the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve. (wikipedia.org)
- It distributes twigs to the adjacent muscles, and numerous branches to the thyroid gland, connecting with its fellow of the opposite side, and with the inferior thyroid arteries. (wikipedia.org)
- A second branch descends on the posterior surface of the gland and anastomoses with the inferior thyroid artery. (wikipedia.org)
- Inferior thyroid artery Diagram showing the origins of the main branches of the carotid arteries. (wikipedia.org)
- The cavernous segment averages 39 mm in length and gives rise to far more branches, including the meningohypophyseal trunk, the anterior meningeal artery, the artery to the inferior portion of the cavernous sinus, and the ophthalmic artery. (medscape.com)
- Perforating arteries from the posterior cerebral arteries supply the midbrain, hypothalamus and inferior thalami. (psyweb.com)
- The right side of the heart is supplied by the right coronary artery, which progresses around to the bottom or inferior wall of the heart. (slideserve.com)
- A variant obturator artery originating from the inferior epigastric branch of the external iliac artery is commonly referred to as the corona mortis. (hindawi.com)
- A right external iliac arteriogram showed active extravasation off the corona mortis branch of the right inferior epigastric artery (Figures 2(a) and 2(b) ). (hindawi.com)
- A selective left inferior epigastric arteriogram confirmed the absence of corona mortis or pubic branches (Figure 4 ). (hindawi.com)
- The larger branches, namely, the inferior gluteal artery, the superior gluteal artery, and the internal pudendal artery, show sufficient regularity in their patterns of origin to allow typing. (hindawi.com)
- The last two branches are present in females, wherein the vaginal artery replaces the inferior vesical artery. (hindawi.com)
- The parietal branches of the anterior division are obturator artery (OB), inferior gluteal artery (IG), and internal pudendal artery (IP). (hindawi.com)
- He described the following types: type I: the superior gluteal artery arises separately from the IIA, and the inferior gluteal and internal pudendal vessels are given off by a common trunk. (hindawi.com)
- type II: the superior and inferior gluteal arteries arise by a common trunk and the internal pudendal vessel separately. (hindawi.com)
- The basilar artery extends distally to form the posterior inferior and anterior inferior cerebellar arteries, the internal auditory artery, the superior cerebellar artery, the posterior cerebral artery, and numerous medullary and pontine branches. (chiro.org)
- The posterior inferior cerebellar artery frequently develops differently, however, emerging as a branch of the VA before the formation of the basilar artery. (chiro.org)
- In some cases, there's a common origin for the middle and accessory meningeal arteries, while in others the same trunk for the inferior alveolar and deep temporal arteries is seen. (verywellhealth.com)
- In other cases, the inferior alveolar artery emerges directly from the external carotid artery. (verywellhealth.com)
- This branch runs downwards and towards the front through the inferior alveolar nerve before reaching the mandibular nerve and parts of the mandible, supplying them with blood. (verywellhealth.com)
- Arteries branching off of the mandibular portion include the anterior tympanic, deep auricular, and inferior alveolar arteries. (wisegeek.com)
- The bladder pillars contain branches of the inferior vesical arteries, which may require separate ligation. (glowm.com)
- Although the pSCA territories likely overlap with the posterior cerebral artery, BA, and anterior inferior cerebellar artery, the pSCA segment cannot be surgically manipulated with impunity. (ovid.com)
- The left anterior descending artery terminus on the inferior wall is referred to as L4. (wikidoc.org)
- Inferior thyroid artery (ITA) rupture is rare and may progress to life-threatening conditions. (hindawi.com)
- Aneurysm and rupture of the inferior thyroid artery (ITA) are rare and less than 25 cases have been reported in the literature, the first reported in 1959 [ 1 - 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
Aortic arch6
- The infrahyoid branch is a derivative of the second aortic arch. (wikipedia.org)
- The internal carotid artery (ICA) embryologically develops from the third primitive aortic arch. (medscape.com)
- The left arises from the aortic arch in the thoracic region. (bionity.com)
- Among the various types of anatomic variations associated with the aortic arch, an aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA) is the most frequently encountered. (springer.com)
- This artery arises from the aortic arch and branches into smaller arteries to supply blood to the head, neck, and arms. (thoughtco.com)
- Aortic arch - the curved part which then turns the artery downwards. (healthhype.com)
Vertebral arteries4
- The internal carotid and vertebral arteries. (wikipedia.org)
- The first branch of the subclavian artery on each side are the vertebral arteries, which ascend posterior to the carotids. (vesalius.com)
- A pair of vertebral arteries (VAs) and a pair of internal carotid arteries (ICAs) pass through the cervical region to supply the brain with blood. (chiro.org)
- Vertebral arteries bilaterally passing through stellate (cervicothoracic) ganglion. (medworm.com)
Vessel11
- It is a short, thick vessel, smaller than the external iliac artery , and about 3 to 4 cm in length. (wikipedia.org)
- the remainder of the vessel is converted into a solid fibrous cord, the medial umbilical ligament (otherwise known as the obliterated hypogastric artery) which extends from the pelvis to the umbilicus. (wikipedia.org)
- The left common carotid usually arises as the second arch vessel. (vesalius.com)
- On either side of its origin is the auricula of the corresponding atrium and a coronary artery, the left coronary artery passing, in the first part of its course, behind the vessel. (theodora.com)
- The ac-MCA is generally defined as a vessel arising from the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and then passing into the Sylvian fissure along with the MCA. (frontiersin.org)
- Each vessel passes obliquely upward, from behind the sternoclavicular joint to the level of the upper border of the thyroid cartilage , where it divides into the external and internal carotid arteries. (wikidoc.org)
- A thin tube called a catheter is inserted into a blood vessel (vein or artery) and threaded into the heart and into the coronary arteries. (heart.org)
- The LAD passes at first behind the pulmonary artery and then comes forward between that vessel and the left auricula to reach the anterior interventricular sulcus , along which it descends to the incisura apicis cordis . (wikidoc.org)
- The tunica intima is the innermost layer of the artery that makes up the vessel lining. (chirotexas.org)
- In addition, both chronic and non-chronic branch vessel occlusions in the AChA are clinically silent and should not deter aneurysm treatment with flow diversion. (medsci.org)
- Two years priorly the patient had two-vessel coronary artery bypass surgery. (hindawi.com)
Internal iliac ar7
- The lengths of the common iliac and internal iliac arteries bear an inverse proportion to each other, the internal iliac artery being long when the common iliac is short, and vice versa. (wikipedia.org)
- Hypogastric vessels Internal iliac arteries Lumbar and sacral plexus. (wikipedia.org)
- We present a case of blunt pelvic trauma in which a patient demonstrated extravasation in the anterior distributions of both internal iliac arteries. (hindawi.com)
- Following embolization of bilateral internal iliac arteries, identification and embolization of bilateral corona mortis branches was crucial to achieving hemodynamic stability in this patient. (hindawi.com)
- We present an unusual case of embolization of the anterior divisions of both internal iliac arteries as well as bilateral corona mortis artery branches. (hindawi.com)
- A Computed Tomography Angiogram of the abdomen and pelvis revealed areas of extravasation in the anterior distributions of both internal iliac arteries as well as the posterior division of the left internal iliac artery (not shown). (hindawi.com)
- Both right and left anterior divisions of the internal iliac arteries were embolized to stasis with gelfoam slurry (not shown). (hindawi.com)
Bifurcation5
- This artery branches from the superior thyroid artery near its bifurcation from the external carotid artery. (wikipedia.org)
- This artery arises from the common carotid artery in the neck, entering the head at skull base via the carotid canal, and terminates at the bifurcation into the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA). (medscape.com)
- Internal iliac artery (IIA) also called as hypogastric artery according to the older terminology is given off by the common iliac artery (CIA) at its bifurcation anterior to the pelvic brim at the level of the sacroiliac joint. (hindawi.com)
- Microanatomical examination revealed presence of atherosclerosis of varying thickness at the bends and bifurcation in the right carotid arteries, as predicted. (scielo.br)
- It extends from the bifurcation of the left main coronary artery to the origin of the first septal artery. (wikidoc.org)
Pulmonary arteries5
- Patient presented with shortness of breath and underwent CT angiography of the pulmonary arteries to rule out pulmonary thromboembolism. (radiopaedia.org)
- The pulmonary arteries are well opacified without intraluminal defects to suggest pulmonary thromboembolism. (radiopaedia.org)
- The main pulmonary trunk, right and left pulmonary arteries are within normal calibers. (radiopaedia.org)
- This artery branches into left and right pulmonary arteries. (thoughtco.com)
- TA is classified using the Van Praagh and Collette and Edwards classification systems, depending on the origins of the pulmonary arteries [ 2 , 3 ]. (alliedacademies.org)
Carotid artery27
- it most commonly manifests as hypertension caused by RAS or as strokes caused by carotid artery disease. (medscape.com)
- the left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery. (news-medical.net)
- The superior thyroid artery arises from the external carotid artery just below the level of the greater cornu of the hyoid bone and ends in the thyroid gland. (wikipedia.org)
- it frequently arises as a separate branch from the external carotid artery. (wikipedia.org)
- In order to gain control of the bleeding, the surgeon may need to extend the original incision laterally to ligate the artery at its origin at the external carotid artery. (wikipedia.org)
- The right common carotid artery arises from the brachiocephalic. (vesalius.com)
- The authors report a novel technique of balloon-assisted embolization of a skull base meningioma supplied by a branch of the cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery using liquid embolic agent. (thejns.org)
- The common carotid artery is a paired structure, meaning that there are two in the body, one for each half. (bionity.com)
- The left common carotid artery can be thought of as having two parts: a thoracic (chest) part and a cervical (neck) part. (bionity.com)
- Only the left common carotid artery has a substantial presence in the thoracic region. (bionity.com)
- At approximately the level of the fourth cervical vertebra , the common carotid artery bifurcates into an internal carotid artery (ICA) and an external carotid artery (ECA). (bionity.com)
- The external carotid artery travels more closely to the surface, and sends off numerous branches that supply the neck and face. (bionity.com)
- The ICA arises from the common carotid artery at the level it bifurcates into external and internal branches. (chiro.org)
- The larger of the two terminal arteries arising from the external carotid artery in the upper-rear portion (called the "neck") of the mandible (lower jaw bone), the maxillary artery is a primary source of blood for deep structures in the face and mouth. (verywellhealth.com)
- A terminal branch of the external carotid artery, the maxillary artery at its origin is embedded in the parotid gland. (verywellhealth.com)
- Middle cerebral artery (MCA) is the largest and most important branch of the internal carotid artery. (frontiersin.org)
- Arising from the external carotid artery , the maxillary artery helps to supply various facial structures with blood and oxygen. (wisegeek.com)
- Transporting blood, oxygen, and various other nutrients from the main carotid artery is among the functions of the external carotid artery . (wisegeek.com)
- In addition to giving rise to the maxillary artery, the main carotid artery also branches into several other arteries. (wisegeek.com)
- Also commonly referred to as the internal maxillary artery in text books, the maxillary artery originates from the external carotid artery, and then passes through both the parotid gland and mandible. (wisegeek.com)
- In addition to giving rise to the internal maxillary artery, or maxillary artery, the external carotid artery also gives rise to the external maxillary artery. (wisegeek.com)
- The septum is supplied by branches of the internal and external carotid artery. (proceduresconsult.com)
- During its course in the neck, the common carotid artery travels inside a sheath of fascia known as the carotid sheath . (wikidoc.org)
- Atherosclerosis was also detected in the straight part of the wider common carotid artery. (scielo.br)
- The cervical segment ascends vertically through the neck, situated posterior to the external carotid artery. (chirotexas.org)
- The cervical portion of the ICA lies below the sternocleidomastoid muscles and is separated from the external carotid artery by the styloglossus and stylopharyngeal muscles. (chirotexas.org)
- An artery arising from the external carotid artery that branches into the auricular, arteria princeps cervicis, meningeal, muscular, and sterno-mastoid arteries. (bioontology.org)
Originate5
- Where does the Suprascapular Artery originate in? (brainscape.com)
- These blood vessels are one group of extension vessels that originate from the internal pudendal artery. (healthline.com)
- It may originate from the renal artery or as a branch from a suprarenal or lumbar artery. (pulsus.com)
- This pain is mediated by articular branches that originate primarily from the tibial component of the sciatic nerve with contributions from the obturator nerve (Figure 1) , . (asra.com)
- The accessory MCA (brown branch) can originate from the A1 segment ( A , Type 1), A1-A2 junction ( B , Type 2), and A2 segment ( C , Type 3) of the anterior cerebral artery. (frontiersin.org)
Hepatic artery10
- stent Summary Hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm after liver transplantation is an uncommon but potentially lethal complication. (slideshare.net)
- We herein report the case of three patients who developed hepatic artery pseudoaneurysms after living donor liver transplantation. (slideshare.net)
- Two pa- tients presented with massive duodenal bleeding secondary to erosion of the hepatic artery into the bile duct, and one patient presented with intra-abdominal bleeding. (slideshare.net)
- This technique can be considered as an effective treatment option for hepatic artery pseudoaneurysms instead of a difficult surgical intervention. (slideshare.net)
- 1. Introduction Hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm is a rare complication after orthotopic liver transplantation with a reported incidence of 0.5e2.0%.1,2 This usually occurs within the first few months following a transplantation and are commonly re- ported to be associated with massive bleeding and localized infection.3,4 Conflicts of interest: All contributing authors declare no con- flicts of interest. (slideshare.net)
- 2. Pseudoaneurysms of the hepatic artery may be asymp- tomatic and detected during imaging evaluation for other reasons. (slideshare.net)
- Yamada R, Sato M, Kawabata M et al (1983) Hepatic artery embolization in 120 patients with unresectable hepatoma. (springer.com)
- Anatomy Common hepatic artery arises from the celiac artery and becomes the proper hepatic artery after the GD branches. (coursehero.com)
- Routes of infection are portal, ascending biliary tree, bacteremia via hepatic artery, direct extension (appendicitis), primary infection post trauma. (coursehero.com)
- The right gastric artery arises from the hepatic artery which is a branch of the celiac artery . (healthhype.com)
External carotid3
- A branch of the external carotid, the occipital artery begins in the neck and runs to the back of the head. (healthline.com)
- It may arise as an independent branch of the external carotid, in which case it may be (unofficially) referred to as the sternomastoid artery . (drugs.com)
- Pseudoaneurysms of the superficial temporal artery are an uncommon vascular lesion of the external carotid system and most often the result of blunt head trauma. (frontiersin.org)
Main artery1
- The internal iliac artery (formerly known as the hypogastric artery ) is the main artery of the pelvis . (wikipedia.org)
Largest artery1
- In human anatomy, the greater pancreatic artery (great pancreatic artery or arteria pancreatica magna), is the largest artery that supplies the pancreas. (wikipedia.org)
Anterior and posterior2
- The PCoA extends posteriorly to connect with the primary segment of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA), allowing collateral flow to pass between the anterior and posterior circulations. (medscape.com)
- The anterior and posterior divisions of each renal artery, mentioned earlier, divide into lobar arteries, each of which enters the kidney substance through or near a renal papilla. (britannica.com)
Cortical6
- The MCA was dissected from its origin to the termination of each cortical branch. (thefreelibrary.com)
- The arterioles branch from a small connecting artery (unlabeled), which arises from a cortical radial artery (CRA). (nih.gov)
- First, the cisternal segment of the artery was untethered from arachnoid adhesions and small branches feeding the anterior temporal lobe and insular cortex, to evaluate its capacity for a side-to-side bypass to insular, opercular, and cortical segments of the MCA. (stanford.edu)
- The anterior insular zone and the frontal parasylvian cortical arteries were the best targets (in terms of mobility and caliber match) for a side-to-side bypass. (stanford.edu)
- End-to-side bypass was feasible for most recipient cortical arteries along the opercula, except for posterior temporal and parietal regions. (stanford.edu)
- The cortical branches of this artery descend to provide blood to the centrum ovale. (wikipedia.org)
Femoral19
- In 24 specimens the descending genicular artery arose from the femoral artery and divided into osteoarticular and saphenous branches, while in eight specimens it was absent. (biomedsearch.com)
- The osteoarticular and saphenous branches arose independently from the femoral artery. (biomedsearch.com)
- The probe is placed transversely at or just above the popliteal crease to visualize the femoral condyles and the popliteal artery in cross-section (Figure 3). (asra.com)
- From this point, the probe is moved cephalad, keeping the popliteal artery in view, till the discontinuous, interrupted hyperechoic line of the condyles changes to a continuous, hyper-echoic silhouette of the femoral shaft just cranial to the condyles. (asra.com)
- The femoral artery is a large artery in the thigh and the main arterial supply to the leg. (wikipedia.org)
- It enters the thigh from behind the inguinal ligament as the common femoral artery , a continuation of the external iliac artery . (wikipedia.org)
- Injuries to the femoral artery can require reattachment surgery. (wikipedia.org)
- Femoral artery labeled at upper right. (wikipedia.org)
- Schema of femoral artery (labeled as #20) and its major branches - right thigh, anterior view. (wikipedia.org)
- The common femoral artery gives off the profunda femoris artery and becomes the superficial femoral artery to descend along the anteromedial part of the thigh in the femoral triangle . (wikipedia.org)
- The femoral vein intervenes between the artery and the adductor longus. (wikipedia.org)
- The femoral nerve and its branches. (wikipedia.org)
- The descending genicular artery is a small branch that arises from the femoral artery near its termination within the adductor canal. (wikipedia.org)
- As the femoral artery can often be palpated through the skin, it is often used as a catheter access artery. (wikipedia.org)
- Access in either the left or right femoral artery is possible and depends on the type of intervention or diagnostic. (wikipedia.org)
- The femoral artery can be used to draw arterial blood when the blood pressure is so low that the radial or brachial arteries cannot be located. (wikipedia.org)
- The femoral artery is susceptible to peripheral arterial disease . (wikipedia.org)
- Endarterectomy , a surgical cut down and removal of the plaque of the femoral artery is also common. (wikipedia.org)
- However, if flow in the femoral artery of a normal leg is suddenly disrupted, blood flow distally is rarely sufficient. (wikipedia.org)
Axillary artery1
- Huelke, D.F. (1959) Variations in the origin of the branches of the axillary artery. (anatomyatlases.org)
Third part of the subclavian2
- The most important contents of the posterior triangle are the accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI), brachial plexus, third part of the subclavian artery, and lymph nodes. (dartmouth.edu)
- The dorsal scapular artery may be an additional branch when it arises from the third part of the subclavian (34% of individuals). (anatomyatlases.org)
Etiology of cervical artery dis1
- The etiology of cervical artery dissection (CAD) is unclear, although a number of risk factors have been reported to be associated with the condition. (chiro.org)
Anomalies6
- Poynter, C.W.M. (1916) Arterial anomalies pertaining to the aortic arches and the branches arising from them. (anatomyatlases.org)
- Poynter, C.W.M. (1922) Congenital anomalies of the arteries and veins of the human body with bibliography. (anatomyatlases.org)
- Arteries have an essential duty in the human body-to deliver oxygenated blood to the heart constantly, which is why it's vital to understand its anatomical makeup and potential anomalies. (verywellhealth.com)
- Certain vascular and developmental anomalies of kidneys can be associated with variations in the course of the gonadal arteries. (pulsus.com)
- Anatomical anomalies such as bends and branching in the carotid arteries alter the irrigation pattern and generate biomechanical forces that cause turbulent flow and reduce shear stress/blood flow velocity. (scielo.br)
- In this article we describe the anatomy of the coronary arteries of the heart and some of the anomalies with illustrations and CT-images. (radiologyassistant.nl)
Uterine10
- The uterine arteries are also tortuous, to accommodate themselves to the increase of size which the uterus undergoes during pregnancy. (theodora.com)
- New arterial vascularization from the ascending branches of uterine arteries or other arteries occurred, and these new vessels seemed to supply blood to the remaining cervix. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- Various factors such as lack of a protective effect against vaginal infection or the lack of mechanical support of the residual cervix due to the dissection of the uterine cervix and the division of supplying arteries might induce such complications. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- Uterine Artery" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (harvard.edu)
- This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Uterine Artery" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Uterine Artery" was a major or minor topic of these publication. (harvard.edu)
- Below are the most recent publications written about "Uterine Artery" by people in Profiles. (harvard.edu)
- Transverse technique: complementary approach to measurement of first-trimester uterine artery Doppler. (harvard.edu)
- Afrakhteh M, Moeini A, Taheri MS, Haghighatkhah HR, Fakhri M, Masoom N. Uterine Doppler velocimetry of the uterine arteries in the second and third trimesters for the prediction of gestational outcome. (harvard.edu)
- Adaptive mechanisms controlling uterine spiral artery remodeling during the establishment of pregnancy. (harvard.edu)
- Embolization of angiographically visible type I and II utero-ovarian anastomoses during uterine artery embolization for fibroid tumors: impact on symptom recurrence and permanent amenorrhea. (harvard.edu)
Neck7
- Superior thyroid artery Muscles, arteries and nerves of neck.Newborn dissection. (wikipedia.org)
- Muscles, nerves and arteries of neck.Deep dissection. (wikipedia.org)
- the arteries that supply blood to the head, neck, and arms arise from this arch and travel upward. (britannica.com)
- Two sternocleidomastoid branches occur near the carotid triangle, an area in the upper neck. (healthline.com)
- Arteries of the neck. (bionity.com)
- The artery begins in the neck just behind the mandible , commonly referred to as the jaw. (wisegeek.com)
- The regulated, uniform, continuous and streamlined blood flow carried through regular-shaped carotid arteries perfuses the structures of the head and neck. (scielo.br)
Called the left main c1
- 1-the artery from the point of origin to the first major branch is called the left main coronary artery. (slideserve.com)
Brachial5
- The deep brachial artery or profunda brachii artery is a large branch of the brachial artery , located in the arm . (radiopaedia.org)
- The main branches of the deep brachial artery are its two terminal branches, the middle collateral and radial collateral arteries 1,2 . (radiopaedia.org)
- The deep brachial artery primarily supplies the triceps brachii . (radiopaedia.org)
- The origin of the deep brachial artery may vary. (radiopaedia.org)
- 3. Chakravarthi KK, Ks S, Venumadhav N, Sharma A, Kumar N. Anatomical variations of brachial artery - its morphology, embryogenesis and clinical implications. (radiopaedia.org)
Dorsal2
- Huelke, D.F. (1958) A study of the transverse cervical and dorsal scapular arteries. (anatomyatlases.org)
- peroneal nerve ), about one-half the size of the tibial nerve , is derived from the dorsal branches of the fourth and fifth lumbar and the first and second sacral nerves. (bionity.com)
Arterial branches3
- Throughout the body generally the larger arterial branches pursue a fairly straight course, but in certain situations they are tortuous. (theodora.com)
- At the major arteries, the arterial branches are listed separately following the designation branches . (thefreedictionary.com)
- The divided arterial branches and ligament of Treitz are shown schematically. (vesalius.com)
Common carotid2
- The internal carotid arteries arise from the common carotid arteries - labeled Common caroti on the figure. (bionity.com)
- The left and right common carotid arteries follow the same course with the exception of their origin. (bionity.com)
Superficial tempor10
- When the posterior auricular is larger than usual it may be compensating for a deficiency in the occipital or the superficial temporal artery. (anatomyatlases.org)
- The frequency of pseudoaneurysms of the superficial temporal artery developing after craniotomy is exceedingly low and only a few cases have been reported. (frontiersin.org)
- The suspected diagnosis of pseudoaneurysm arising from superficial temporal artery was confirmed on angiography. (frontiersin.org)
- Pseudoaneurysm of the superficial temporal artery is a rare ( 2 , 3 ) clinical entity that typically occurs after a blunt trauma ( 1 , 4 - 6 ) to the frontotemporal region ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
- There are reports of such traumatic pseudoaneurysms of superficial temporal artery ( 1 , 2 , 6 - 9 ), but within the context of craniotomy as a cause of pseudoaneurysm only few cases ( 2 ) have been described throughout the world. (frontiersin.org)
- We present a case of pseudoaneurysm of the superficial temporal artery emerging after craniotomy for excision of meningioma. (frontiersin.org)
- To our knowledge, this is the first case of superficial temporal artery pseudoaneurysm developing after craniotomy (for meningioma excision) from Pakistan. (frontiersin.org)
- With the suspicion of pseudoaneurysm, carotid angiography was performed which revealed a large pseudoaneurysm arising from branch of the superficial temporal artery. (frontiersin.org)
- At the base of pseudoaneurysm, there was free end of superficial temporal artery, which was coagulated and ligated. (frontiersin.org)
- The first case of superficial temporal artery pseudoaneurysm was described by Thomas Bartholin ( 1 , 2 , 4 , 6 ) in 1740 and was the result of blunt trauma ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
Arterioles1
- Arteries become smaller in size eventually becoming arterioles and capillaries which then become venules and veins. (healthhype.com)
Renal artery4
- Renal artery stenosis (RAS) is a major cause of RVHT and accounts for 1-10% of the 50 million cases of hypertension in the United States. (medscape.com)
- Apart from the casual relationship of occlusive renal artery disease and hypertension , RAS is also being increasingly recognized as an important cause of chronic renal failure . (medscape.com)
- The youngest patient with MFP of the renal artery was reportedly 6 months of age. (medscape.com)
- It may vary at the origin and arise from renal artery, suprarenal artery or lumbar artery. (pulsus.com)
Occipital5
- The trapezius muscle (see fig. 8-4 ) arises from the superior nuchal line, the external occipital protuberance, the ligamentum nuchae, and the spinous processes of the last cervical and all the thoracic vertebrae. (dartmouth.edu)
- Major branches course around the midbrain and above the tentorium to supply the occipital lobe as well as the posteroinferior temporal lobe. (psyweb.com)
- Infarctions of the posterior cerebral arteries most commonly affect vision ( occipital lobes ) but also may affect memory ( temporal lobes ), smell ( hippocampus ), emotion ( splenium ) and other midbrain and thalamic function. (psyweb.com)
- One branch runs with the accessory nerve and the other arises near the occipital artery's origination point. (healthline.com)
- branches of occipital artery to sternocleidomastoid muscle. (drugs.com)
Originates1
- When bleeding comes from the back of the nose, it generally originates from branches of what are called the sphenopalatine arteries in the posterior nasal cavity . (wisegeek.com)
Small artery2
- Besides the arteries distributed to the muscles and to the thyroid gland, the branches of the superior thyroid are: The infrahyoid branch (or hyoid artery): a small artery that runs along the lower border of the hyoid bone beneath the thyrohyoid muscle. (wikipedia.org)
- A small artery that accompanies the lingual nerve in the tongue, this artery supplies essential muscles there. (verywellhealth.com)
Anastomoses5
- [ 3 ] The vidian artery anastomoses with the internal maxillary artery. (medscape.com)
- The arteries, in their distribution, communicate with one another, forming what are called anastomoses, and these communications are very free between the large as well as between the smaller branches. (theodora.com)
- it is also found in the abdomen, where the intestinal arteries have very ample anastomoses between their larger branches. (theodora.com)
- In the limbs the anastomoses are most numerous and of largest size around the joints, the branches of an artery above uniting with branches from the vessels below. (theodora.com)
- These anastomoses are of considerable interest to the surgeon, as it is by their enlargement that a collateral circulation is established after the application of a ligature to an artery. (theodora.com)
Celiac artery1
- Branching from the celiac artery, this artery supplies blood to the spleen , stomach, and pancreas . (thoughtco.com)