Brain injury chronic. Medical search

Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.

Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.

Conditions characterized by persistent brain damage or dysfunction as sequelae of cranial trauma. This disorder may result from DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY; INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES; BRAIN EDEMA; and other conditions. Clinical features may include DEMENTIA; focal neurologic deficits; PERSISTENT VEGETATIVE STATE; AKINETIC MUTISM; or COMA.

Changes in the amounts of various chemicals (neurotransmitters, receptors, enzymes, and other metabolites) specific to the area of the central nervous system contained within the head. These are monitored over time, during sensory stimulation, or under different disease states.

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

Injuries incurred during participation in competitive or non-competitive sports.

A relatively common sequela of blunt head injury, characterized by a global disruption of axons throughout the brain. Associated clinical features may include NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; PERSISTENT VEGETATIVE STATE; DEMENTIA; and other disorders.

Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in ischemic tissues resulting from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION), including swelling; HEMORRHAGE; NECROSIS; and damage from FREE RADICALS. The most common instance is MYOCARDIAL REPERFUSION INJURY.

An anatomic severity scale based on the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) and developed specifically to score multiple traumatic injuries. It has been used as a predictor of mortality.

Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).

Injuries resulting when a person is struck by particles impelled with violent force from an explosion. Blast causes pulmonary concussion and hemorrhage, laceration of other thoracic and abdominal viscera, ruptured ear drums, and minor effects in the central nervous system. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)

A scale that assesses the response to stimuli in patients with craniocerebral injuries. The parameters are eye opening, motor response, and verbal response.

Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.

Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.

A disorder characterized by a reduction of oxygen in the blood combined with reduced blood flow (ISCHEMIA) to the brain from a localized obstruction of a cerebral artery or from systemic hypoperfusion. Prolonged hypoxia-ischemia is associated with ISCHEMIC ATTACK, TRANSIENT; BRAIN INFARCTION; BRAIN EDEMA; COMA; and other conditions.

Imaging techniques used to colocalize sites of brain functions or physiological activity with brain structures.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

A nonspecific term used to describe transient alterations or loss of consciousness following closed head injuries. The duration of UNCONSCIOUSNESS generally lasts a few seconds, but may persist for several hours. Concussions may be classified as mild, intermediate, and severe. Prolonged periods of unconsciousness (often defined as greater than 6 hours in duration) may be referred to as post-traumatic coma (COMA, POST-HEAD INJURY). (From Rowland, Merritt's Textbook of Neurology, 9th ed, p418)

Traumatic injuries to the cranium where the integrity of the skull is not compromised and no bone fragments or other objects penetrate the skull and dura mater. This frequently results in mechanical injury being transmitted to intracranial structures which may produce traumatic brain injuries, hemorrhage, or cranial nerve injury. (From Rowland, Merritt's Textbook of Neurology, 9th ed, p417)

Systems for assessing, classifying, and coding injuries. These systems are used in medical records, surveillance systems, and state and national registries to aid in the collection and reporting of trauma.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

Drugs intended to prevent damage to the brain or spinal cord from ischemia, stroke, convulsions, or trauma. Some must be administered before the event, but others may be effective for some time after. They act by a variety of mechanisms, but often directly or indirectly minimize the damage produced by endogenous excitatory amino acids.

Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.

Head injuries which feature compromise of the skull and dura mater. These may result from gunshot wounds (WOUNDS, GUNSHOT), stab wounds (WOUNDS, STAB), and other forms of trauma.

A partial or complete return to the normal or proper physiologic activity of an organ or part following disease or trauma.

A condition characterized by long-standing brain dysfunction or damage, usually of three months duration or longer. Potential etiologies include BRAIN INFARCTION; certain NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ANOXIA, BRAIN; ENCEPHALITIS; certain NEUROTOXICITY SYNDROMES; metabolic disorders (see BRAIN DISEASES, METABOLIC); and other conditions.

General or unspecified injuries involving the leg.

A reduction in brain oxygen supply due to ANOXEMIA (a reduced amount of oxygen being carried in the blood by HEMOGLOBIN), or to a restriction of the blood supply to the brain, or both. Severe hypoxia is referred to as anoxia, and is a relatively common cause of injury to the central nervous system. Prolonged brain anoxia may lead to BRAIN DEATH or a PERSISTENT VEGETATIVE STATE. Histologically, this condition is characterized by neuronal loss which is most prominent in the HIPPOCAMPUS; GLOBUS PALLIDUS; CEREBELLUM; and inferior olives.

Damage to any compartment of the lung caused by physical, chemical, or biological agents which characteristically elicit inflammatory reaction. These inflammatory reactions can either be acute and dominated by NEUTROPHILS, or chronic and dominated by LYMPHOCYTES and MACROPHAGES.

The thin layer of GRAY MATTER on the surface of the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES that develops from the TELENCEPHALON and folds into gyri and sulchi. It reaches its highest development in humans and is responsible for intellectual faculties and higher mental functions.

The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

The organic and psychogenic disturbances observed after closed head injuries (HEAD INJURIES, CLOSED). Post-concussion syndrome includes subjective physical complaints (i.e. headache, dizziness), cognitive, emotional, and behavioral changes. These disturbances can be chronic, permanent, or late emerging.

A scale that assesses the outcome of serious craniocerebral injuries, based on the level of regained social functioning.

Damage or trauma inflicted to the eye by external means. The concept includes both surface injuries and intraocular injuries.

General or unspecified injuries to the neck. It includes injuries to the skin, muscles, and other soft tissues of the neck.

Traumatic injuries involving the cranium and intracranial structures (i.e., BRAIN; CRANIAL NERVES; MENINGES; and other structures). Injuries may be classified by whether or not the skull is penetrated (i.e., penetrating vs. nonpenetrating) or whether there is an associated hemorrhage.

Specialized non-fenestrated tightly-joined ENDOTHELIAL CELLS with TIGHT JUNCTIONS that form a transport barrier for certain substances between the cerebral capillaries and the BRAIN tissue.

A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).

Pressure within the cranial cavity. It is influenced by brain mass, the circulatory system, CSF dynamics, and skull rigidity.

The part of the brain that connects the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES with the SPINAL CORD. It consists of the MESENCEPHALON; PONS; and MEDULLA OBLONGATA.

Tissue NECROSIS in any area of the brain, including the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Brain infarction is the result of a cascade of events initiated by inadequate blood flow through the brain that is followed by HYPOXIA and HYPOGLYCEMIA in brain tissue. Damage may be temporary, permanent, selective or pan-necrosis.

General or unspecified injuries involving organs in the abdominal cavity.

Increased pressure within the cranial vault. This may result from several conditions, including HYDROCEPHALUS; BRAIN EDEMA; intracranial masses; severe systemic HYPERTENSION; PSEUDOTUMOR CEREBRI; and other disorders.

Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.

Classification system for assessing impact injury severity developed and published by the American Association for Automotive Medicine. It is the system of choice for coding single injuries and is the foundation for methods assessing multiple injuries or for assessing cumulative effects of more than one injury. These include Maximum AIS (MAIS), Injury Severity Score (ISS), and Probability of Death Score (PODS).

The circulation of blood through the BLOOD VESSELS of the BRAIN.

General or unspecified injuries involving the arm.

Abnormally low BODY TEMPERATURE that is intentionally induced in warm-blooded animals by artificial means. In humans, mild or moderate hypothermia has been used to reduce tissue damages, particularly after cardiac or spinal cord injuries and during subsequent surgeries.

Injuries caused by impact with a blunt object where there is no penetration of the skin.

General or unspecified injuries to the chest area.

General or unspecified injuries to the hand.

A curved elevation of GRAY MATTER extending the entire length of the floor of the TEMPORAL HORN of the LATERAL VENTRICLE (see also TEMPORAL LOBE). The hippocampus proper, subiculum, and DENTATE GYRUS constitute the hippocampal formation. Sometimes authors include the ENTORHINAL CORTEX in the hippocampal formation.

Refers to animals in the period of time just after birth.

Accidents on streets, roads, and highways involving drivers, passengers, pedestrians, or vehicles. Traffic accidents refer to AUTOMOBILES (passenger cars, buses, and trucks), BICYCLING, and MOTORCYCLES but not OFF-ROAD MOTOR VEHICLES; RAILROADS nor snowmobiles.

Injuries involving the vertebral column.

Injuries to the knee or the knee joint.

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

Tests designed to assess neurological function associated with certain behaviors. They are used in diagnosing brain dysfunction or damage and central nervous system disorders or injury.

Disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system - the largest and most numerous neuroglial cells in the brain and spinal cord. Astrocytes (from "star" cells) are irregularly shaped with many long processes, including those with "end feet" which form the glial (limiting) membrane and directly and indirectly contribute to the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER. They regulate the extracellular ionic and chemical environment, and "reactive astrocytes" (along with MICROGLIA) respond to injury.

Recurrent seizures causally related to CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA. Seizure onset may be immediate but is typically delayed for several days after the injury and may not occur for up to two years. The majority of seizures have a focal onset that correlates clinically with the site of brain injury. Cerebral cortex injuries caused by a penetrating foreign object (CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA, PENETRATING) are more likely than closed head injuries (HEAD INJURIES, CLOSED) to be associated with epilepsy. Concussive convulsions are nonepileptic phenomena that occur immediately after head injury and are characterized by tonic and clonic movements. (From Rev Neurol 1998 Feb;26(150):256-261; Sports Med 1998 Feb;25(2):131-6)

General or unspecified injuries to the soft tissue or bony portions of the face.

General or unspecified injuries to the heart.

A circumscribed collection of purulent exudate in the brain, due to bacterial and other infections. The majority are caused by spread of infected material from a focus of suppuration elsewhere in the body, notably the PARANASAL SINUSES, middle ear (see EAR, MIDDLE); HEART (see also ENDOCARDITIS, BACTERIAL), and LUNG. Penetrating CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA and NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES may also be associated with this condition. Clinical manifestations include HEADACHE; SEIZURES; focal neurologic deficits; and alterations of consciousness. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp712-6)

A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.

Vegetative state refers to the neurocognitive status of individuals with severe brain damage, in whom physiologic functions (sleep-wake cycles, autonomic control, and breathing) persist, but awareness (including all cognitive function and emotion) is abolished.

NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.

Damage to the MYOCARDIUM resulting from MYOCARDIAL REPERFUSION (restoration of blood flow to ischemic areas of the HEART.) Reperfusion takes place when there is spontaneous thrombolysis, THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY, collateral flow from other coronary vascular beds, or reversal of vasospasm.

Learning the correct route through a maze to obtain reinforcement. It is used for human or animal populations. (Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 6th ed)

A calcium-binding protein that is 92 AA long, contains 2 EF-hand domains, and is concentrated mainly in GLIAL CELLS. Elevation of S100B levels in brain tissue correlates with a role in neurological disorders.

General or unspecified injuries to the posterior part of the trunk. It includes injuries to the muscles of the back.

Injuries of tissue other than bone. The concept is usually general and does not customarily refer to internal organs or viscera. It is meaningful with reference to regions or organs where soft tissue (muscle, fat, skin) should be differentiated from bones or bone tissue, as "soft tissue injuries of the hand".

The observable response an animal makes to any situation.

The termination of the cell's ability to carry out vital functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, responsiveness, and adaptability.

Multiple physical insults or injuries occurring simultaneously.

A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, and chemicals from the environment.

Injuries sustained from incidents in the course of work-related activities.

A technique of inputting two-dimensional images into a computer and then enhancing or analyzing the imagery into a form that is more useful to the human observer.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition.

Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.

Wounds caused by objects penetrating the skin.

The production of a dense fibrous network of neuroglia; includes astrocytosis, which is a proliferation of astrocytes in the area of a degenerative lesion.

The third type of glial cell, along with astrocytes and oligodendrocytes (which together form the macroglia). Microglia vary in appearance depending on developmental stage, functional state, and anatomical location; subtype terms include ramified, perivascular, ameboid, resting, and activated. Microglia clearly are capable of phagocytosis and play an important role in a wide spectrum of neuropathologies. They have also been suggested to act in several other roles including in secretion (e.g., of cytokines and neural growth factors), in immunological processing (e.g., antigen presentation), and in central nervous system development and remodeling.

Damages to the CAROTID ARTERIES caused either by blunt force or penetrating trauma, such as CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; THORACIC INJURIES; and NECK INJURIES. Damaged carotid arteries can lead to CAROTID ARTERY THROMBOSIS; CAROTID-CAVERNOUS SINUS FISTULA; pseudoaneurysm formation; and INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY DISSECTION. (From Am J Forensic Med Pathol 1997, 18:251; J Trauma 1994, 37:473)

Injuries to the PERIPHERAL NERVES.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

Harm or hurt to the ankle or ankle joint usually inflicted by an external source.

An intermediate filament protein found only in glial cells or cells of glial origin. MW 51,000.

Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Loss of the ability to maintain awareness of self and environment combined with markedly reduced responsiveness to environmental stimuli. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp344-5)

Organic mental disorders in which there is impairment of the ability to maintain awareness of self and environment and to respond to environmental stimuli. Dysfunction of the cerebral hemispheres or brain stem RETICULAR FORMATION may result in this condition.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

Injuries to blood vessels caused by laceration, contusion, puncture, or crush and other types of injuries. Symptoms vary by site and mode of injuries and may include bleeding, bruising, swelling, pain, and numbness. It does not include injuries secondary to pathologic function or diseases such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS.

Assessment of sensory and motor responses and reflexes that is used to determine impairment of the nervous system.

Unforeseen occurrences, especially injuries in the course of work-related activities.

The use of diffusion ANISOTROPY data from diffusion magnetic resonance imaging results to construct images based on the direction of the faster diffusing molecules.

An armed intervention involving multi-national forces in the country of IRAQ.

A class of nerve fibers as defined by their structure, specifically the nerve sheath arrangement. The AXONS of the myelinated nerve fibers are completely encased in a MYELIN SHEATH. They are fibers of relatively large and varied diameters. Their NEURAL CONDUCTION rates are faster than those of the unmyelinated nerve fibers (NERVE FIBERS, UNMYELINATED). Myelinated nerve fibers are present in somatic and autonomic nerves.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Excision of part of the skull. This procedure is used to treat elevated intracranial pressure that is unresponsive to conventional treatment.

Injuries resulting in hemorrhage, usually manifested in the skin.

A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused. Coma generally occurs when there is dysfunction or injury involving both cerebral hemispheres or the brain stem RETICULAR FORMATION.

Bleeding within the brain as a result of penetrating and nonpenetrating CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA. Traumatically induced hemorrhages may occur in any area of the brain, including the CEREBRUM; BRAIN STEM (see BRAIN STEM HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC); and CEREBELLUM.

An infant during the first month after birth.

Behavioral manifestations of cerebral dominance in which there is preferential use and superior functioning of either the left or the right side, as in the preferred use of the right hand or right foot.

A disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in favor of the former, leading to potential damage. Indicators of oxidative stress include damaged DNA bases, protein oxidation products, and lipid peroxidation products (Sies, Oxidative Stress, 1991, pxv-xvi).

Disruption of structural continuity of the body as a result of the discharge of firearms.

Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.

Intellectual or mental process whereby an organism obtains knowledge.

Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.

Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes.

General or unspecified injuries involving the foot.

General or unspecified injuries involving the fingers.

An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.

The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).

Persons including soldiers involved with the armed forces.

Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.

Deeply perforating or puncturing type intraocular injuries.

Recording of electric currents developed in the brain by means of electrodes applied to the scalp, to the surface of the brain, or placed within the substance of the brain.

A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)

A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

Injuries caused by electric currents. The concept excludes electric burns (BURNS, ELECTRIC), but includes accidental electrocution and electric shock.

Prolonged unconsciousness from which the individual cannot be aroused, associated with traumatic injuries to the BRAIN. This may be defined as unconsciousness persisting for 6 hours or longer. Coma results from injury to both cerebral hemispheres or the RETICULAR FORMATION of the BRAIN STEM. Contributing mechanisms include DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY and BRAIN EDEMA. (From J Neurotrauma 1997 Oct;14(10):699-713)

Nerve fibers that are capable of rapidly conducting impulses away from the neuron cell body.

Specialized hospital facilities which provide diagnostic and therapeutic services for trauma patients.

One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.

A diagnostic technique that incorporates the measurement of molecular diffusion (such as water or metabolites) for tissue assessment by MRI. The degree of molecular movement can be measured by changes of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) with time, as reflected by tissue microstructure. Diffusion MRI has been used to study BRAIN ISCHEMIA and tumor response to treatment.

Degeneration of white matter adjacent to the CEREBRAL VENTRICLES following cerebral hypoxia or BRAIN ISCHEMIA in neonates. The condition primarily affects white matter in the perfusion zone between superficial and deep branches of the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY. Clinical manifestations include VISION DISORDERS; CEREBRAL PALSY; PARAPLEGIA; SEIZURES; and cognitive disorders. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1021; Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1997, Ch4, pp30-1)

The non-neuronal cells of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu, participate in the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER and BLOOD-RETINAL BARRIER, form the myelin insulation of nervous pathways, guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons. Neuroglia have high-affinity transmitter uptake systems, voltage-dependent and transmitter-gated ion channels, and can release transmitters, but their role in signaling (as in many other functions) is unclear.

Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or "seizure disorder."

The number of CELLS of a specific kind, usually measured per unit volume or area of sample.

Personal devices for protection of heads from impact, penetration from falling and flying objects, and from limited electric shock and burn.

Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status.

Non-invasive methods of visualizing the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, especially the brain, by various imaging modalities.

Renewal or physiological repair of damaged nerve tissue.

The capacity of the NERVOUS SYSTEM to change its reactivity as the result of successive activations.

Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.

The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.

Formation of NEURONS which involves the differentiation and division of STEM CELLS in which one or both of the daughter cells become neurons.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

An in situ method for detecting areas of DNA which are nicked during APOPTOSIS. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase is used to add labeled dUTP, in a template-independent manner, to the 3 prime OH ends of either single- or double-stranded DNA. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick end labeling, or TUNEL, assay labels apoptosis on a single-cell level, making it more sensitive than agarose gel electrophoresis for analysis of DNA FRAGMENTATION.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

A process involving chance used in therapeutic trials or other research endeavor for allocating experimental subjects, human or animal, between treatment and control groups, or among treatment groups. It may also apply to experiments on inanimate objects.

Broad plate of dense myelinated fibers that reciprocally interconnect regions of the cortex in all lobes with corresponding regions of the opposite hemisphere. The corpus callosum is located deep in the longitudinal fissure.

Four CSF-filled (see CEREBROSPINAL FLUID) cavities within the cerebral hemispheres (LATERAL VENTRICLES), in the midline (THIRD VENTRICLE) and within the PONS and MEDULLA OBLONGATA (FOURTH VENTRICLE).

Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder.

Penetrating and nonpenetrating traumatic injuries to an extracranial or intracranial blood vessel that supplies the brain. This includes the CAROTID ARTERIES; VERTEBRAL ARTERIES; MENINGEAL ARTERIES; CEREBRAL ARTERIES; veins, and venous sinuses.

Respiratory failure in the newborn. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Hyperextension injury to the neck, often the result of being struck from behind by a fast-moving vehicle, in an automobile accident. (From Segen, The Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)

Act of striking a part with short, sharp blows as an aid in diagnosing the condition beneath the sound obtained.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.

Penetrating stab wounds caused by needles. They are of special concern to health care workers since such injuries put them at risk for developing infectious disease.

Pulmonary injury following the breathing in of toxic smoke from burning materials such as plastics, synthetics, building materials, etc. This injury is the most frequent cause of death in burn patients.

Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.

Penetrating wounds caused by a pointed object.

Acquired or inborn metabolic diseases that produce brain dysfunction or damage. These include primary (i.e., disorders intrinsic to the brain) and secondary (i.e., extracranial) metabolic conditions that adversely affect cerebral function.

A physical property showing different values in relation to the direction in or along which the measurement is made. The physical property may be with regard to thermal or electric conductivity or light refraction. In crystallography, it describes crystals whose index of refraction varies with the direction of the incident light. It is also called acolotropy and colotropy. The opposite of anisotropy is isotropy wherein the same values characterize the object when measured along axes in all directions.

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

Multinational coalition military operation initiated in October 2001 to counter terrorism and bring security to AFGHANISTAN in collaboration with Afghan forces.

The measure of the level of heat of a human or animal.

A competitive team sport played on a rectangular field. This is the American or Canadian version of the game and also includes the form known as rugby. It does not include non-North American football (= SOCCER).

Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duration of less than 24 hours, and usually less than one hour, caused by transient thrombotic or embolic blood vessel occlusion or stenosis. Events may be classified by arterial distribution, temporal pattern, or etiology (e.g., embolic vs. thrombotic). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp814-6)

Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios.

The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

The part of brain that lies behind the BRAIN STEM in the posterior base of skull (CRANIAL FOSSA, POSTERIOR). It is also known as the "little brain" with convolutions similar to those of CEREBRAL CORTEX, inner white matter, and deep cerebellar nuclei. Its function is to coordinate voluntary movements, maintain balance, and learn motor skills.

A family of highly acidic calcium-binding proteins found in large concentration in the brain and believed to be glial in origin. They are also found in other organs in the body. They have in common the EF-hand motif (EF HAND MOTIFS) found on a number of calcium binding proteins. The name of this family derives from the property of being soluble in a 100% saturated ammonium sulfate solution.

The coordination of a sensory or ideational (cognitive) process and a motor activity.

Derived from TELENCEPHALON, cerebrum is composed of a right and a left hemisphere. Each contains an outer cerebral cortex and a subcortical basal ganglia. The cerebrum includes all parts within the skull except the MEDULLA OBLONGATA, the PONS, and the CEREBELLUM. Cerebral functions include sensorimotor, emotional, and intellectual activities.

Neural tracts connecting one part of the nervous system with another.

The process by which chemical compounds provide protection to cells against harmful agents.

A game in which a round inflated ball is advanced by kicking or propelling with any part of the body except the hands or arms. The object of the game is to place the ball in opposite goals.

A positive regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.

Bleeding within the SKULL, including hemorrhages in the brain and the three membranes of MENINGES. The escape of blood often leads to the formation of HEMATOMA in the cranial epidural, subdural, and subarachnoid spaces.

A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)

The continuous measurement of physiological processes, blood pressure, heart rate, renal output, reflexes, respiration, etc., in a patient or experimental animal; includes pharmacologic monitoring, the measurement of administered drugs or their metabolites in the blood, tissues, or urine.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

Any operation on the cranium or incision into the cranium. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Restoration of blood supply to tissue which is ischemic due to decrease in normal blood supply. The decrease may result from any source including atherosclerotic obstruction, narrowing of the artery, or surgical clamping. It is primarily a procedure for treating infarction or other ischemia, by enabling viable ischemic tissue to recover, thus limiting further necrosis. However, it is thought that reperfusion can itself further damage the ischemic tissue, causing REPERFUSION INJURY.

A technique for measuring extracellular concentrations of substances in tissues, usually in vivo, by means of a small probe equipped with a semipermeable membrane. Substances may also be introduced into the extracellular space through the membrane.

Therapy for MOVEMENT DISORDERS, especially PARKINSON DISEASE, that applies electricity via stereotactic implantation of ELECTRODES in specific areas of the BRAIN such as the THALAMUS. The electrodes are attached to a neurostimulator placed subcutaneously.

Mechanical or anoxic trauma incurred by the infant during labor or delivery.

Techniques used mostly during brain surgery which use a system of three-dimensional coordinates to locate the site to be operated on.

Paired bodies containing mostly GRAY MATTER and forming part of the lateral wall of the THIRD VENTRICLE of the brain.

A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

A two-person sport in which the fists are skillfully used to attack and defend.

The part of the cerebral hemisphere anterior to the central sulcus, and anterior and superior to the lateral sulcus.

Complex mental function having four distinct phases: (1) memorizing or learning, (2) retention, (3) recall, and (4) recognition. Clinically, it is usually subdivided into immediate, recent, and remote memory.

Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.

The decrease in neuronal activity (related to a decrease in metabolic demand) extending from the site of cortical stimulation. It is believed to be responsible for the decrease in cerebral blood flow that accompanies the aura of MIGRAINE WITH AURA. (Campbell's Psychiatric Dictionary, 8th ed.)

A(2A) adenosine receptor deficiency attenuates brain injury induced by transient focal ischemia in mice. (1/72)

Extracellular adenosine critically modulates ischemic brain injury, at least in part through activation of the A(1) adenosine receptor. However, the role played by the A(2A) receptor has been obscured by intrinsic limitations of A(2A) adenosinergic agents. To overcome these pharmacological limitations, we explored the consequences of deleting the A(2A) adenosine receptor on brain damage after transient focal ischemia. Cerebral morphology, as well as vascular and physiological measures (before, during, and after ischemia) did not differ between A(2A) receptor knock-out and wild-type littermates. The volume of cerebral infarction, as well as the associated neurological deficit induced by transient filament occlusion of the middle cerebral artery, were significantly attenuated in A(2A) receptor knock-out mice. This neuroprotective phenotype of A(2A) receptor-deficient mice was observed in different genetic backgrounds, confirming A(2A) receptor disruption as its cause. Together with complimentary pharmacological studies, these data suggest that A(2A) receptors play a prominent role in the development of ischemic injury within brain and demonstrate the potential for anatomical and functional neuroprotection against stroke by A(2A) receptor antagonists. (+info)

Reversible neuropsychological deficits after mild traumatic brain injury. (2/72)

OBJECTIVES: To determine the influence of motivation on performance in a divided attention test of patients after mild traumatic brain injury (MBI). METHODS: Comparison of the performance of 12 patients with MBI with 10 patients with severe brain injury (SBI) and 11 healthy controls in a computer supported divided attention task before (T1) and after (T2) verbal motivation. RESULTS: At T1, the MBI group performed the same as the SBI group but significantly worse than the controls in all variables. At T2, the MBI group performed worse than the controls at T2 but the results were equal to the results of the controls at T1 and significantly better than the SBI group at T1 or T2. At T2 the MBI group performed at the level of published norms for the rest. CONCLUSION: Before verbal motivation the MBI group's results in the divided attention task were comparable with those from patients with severe brain injury. They failed to exploit their performance potential when it depended on self motivation but were able to perform at the level of the control group when external motivation was applied. (+info)

Visual search and visual working memory in patients with chronic focal cortical lesions. (3/72)

Visually guided behavior is known to involve temporo-parietal, inferotemporal, and prefrontal cortex and each of these areas appears to contribute to visual working memory. We explored the extent to which chronic lesions in one of these cortical areas affect visually guided oculomotor performance. We also explore whether possible impairments become more pronounced with increasing memory load. With this aim we recorded saccadic eye movements in 19 patients with a chronic focal postsurgical lesion in either temporo-parietal, inferior temporal or prefrontal cortex. Their results are compared to those of 19 age-matched volunteers. The subjects performed three different visual search tasks with increasing memory load: Instructed search, cue-guided search and memory-guided search. In addition, the latter task was performed with a short (1 s) and a long (6 s) delay. All tasks required the subjects to make a saccade to a single target presented together with one or three distractors. The results indicate that patients with inferotemporal lesions make the most task-related errors. Saccadic reaction times (SRTs) were significantly prolonged in patients with temporo-parietal and prefrontal lesions, but were unaffected in the patients with lesions in the inferotemporal cortex. The spatial accuracy of saccades was lowest in patients with temporo-parietal lesions. An increase in memory load led to more errors, to longer reaction times and to lower saccadic precision. However, the effect was similar across the three patient groups and the controls. An error analysis indicated that both patients and controls tended to weight global (luminance contrast and form) features higher than local features (line-segment orientation) when making difficult perceptual decisions. (+info)

The structural basis of moderate disability after traumatic brain damage. (4/72)

The objective was to discover the nature of brain damage in survivors of head injury who are left with moderate disability. Macroscopic and microscopic examination was carried out on the brains of 20 persons who had died long after a head injury that had been treated in a neurosurgical unit. All had become independent but had various disabilities (moderate disability on the Glasgow outcome scale) Most deaths had been sudden, which had led to their referral from forensic pathologists. Post-traumatic epilepsy was a feature in 75%. An intracranial haematoma had been evacuated in 75%, and in 11 of the 15 with epilepsy. Diffuse axonal injury was found in six patients, five of the mildest type (grade 1) and one of grade 2. No patient had diffuse thalamic damage but one had a small focal ischaemic lesion in the thalamus. No patient had severe ischaemic brain damage, but three had moderate lesions which were bilateral in only one. No patient had severe cortical contusions. In conclusion, the dominant lesion was focal damage from an evacuated intracranial haematoma. Severe diffuse damage was not found, with diffuse axonal injury only mild and thalamic damage in only one patient. (+info)

Effectiveness of bed rest after mild traumatic brain injury: a randomised trial of no versus six days of bed rest. (5/72)

BACKGROUND: Outcome after mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) is determined largely by the appearance of post-traumatic complaints (PTC). The prevalence of PTC after six months is estimated to be between 20 and 80%. Bed rest has been advocated to prevent PTC but its effectiveness has never been established. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of bed rest on the severity of PTC after MTBI. METHODS: Patients presenting with MTBI to the emergency room were randomly assigned to two intervention strategies. One group was advised not to take bed rest (NO) and the other to take full bed rest (FULL) for six days after the trauma. The primary outcome measures were severity of PTC on a visual analogue scale and physical and mental health on the medical outcomes study 36 item short form health survey (SF-36) at two weeks and three and six months after the trauma. RESULTS: Between October 1996 and July 1999, 107 (54 NO, 53 FULL) patients were enrolled. Outcome variables in both groups clearly improved between two weeks and six months. After adjustment for differences in baseline variables, most PTC tended to be somewhat more severe in the FULL group six months after the trauma, but no significant differences were found. Neither were there any significant differences in the outcome parameters between the two groups after three months. Two weeks after the trauma, most PTC in the FULL group were slightly less severe than those in the NO group, and physical subscores of the SF-36 in the FULL group were slightly better. These differences were not significant. Patients in the FULL group reported significantly less dizziness during the intervention period. CONCLUSIONS: As a means of speeding up recovery of patients with PTC after MTBI, bed rest is no more effective than no bed rest at all. Bed rest probably has some palliative effect within the first two weeks after the trauma. (+info)

Increased diffusion in the brain of professional boxers: a preclinical sign of traumatic brain injury? (6/72)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Professional boxing is associated with chronic, repetitive head blows that may cause brain injuries. Diffusion-weighted imaging is sensitive to microscopic changes and may be a useful tool to quantify the microstructural integrity of the brain. In this study, we sought to quantify microscopic alterations associated with chronic traumatic brain injury in professional boxers. METHODS: MR and diffusion-weighted imaging were performed in 24 boxers and in 14 age- and sex-matched control subjects with no history of head trauma. Using distribution analysis, the average diffusion constant of the entire brain (BD(av)) and diffusion distribution width (sigma) were calculated for each subject; findings in professional boxers were compared with those of control subjects. In the boxer group, correlations between diffusion changes and boxing history and diffusion changes and MR imaging findings were assessed. RESULTS: The measured diffusion values in the boxer group were significantly higher than those measured in the control group (BD(av), P <.0001; sigma, P <.01). In the boxer group, a robust correlation was found between increased BD(av) and frequency of hospitalization for boxing injuries (r = 0.654, P <.05). The most common MR finding in the boxer group was volume loss inappropriate to age followed by cavum septum pellucidum, subcortical white matter disease, and periventricular white matter disease. CONCLUSION: Boxers had higher diffusion constants than those in control subjects. Our data suggest that microstructural damage of the brain associated with chronic traumatic brain injury may elevate whole-brain diffusion. This global elevation can exist even when routine MR findings are normal. (+info)

Diffuse axonal injury associated with chronic traumatic brain injury: evidence from T2*-weighted gradient-echo imaging at 3 T. (7/72)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Diffuse axonal injury is frequently accompanied by tissue tear hemorrhages. We examined whether high field strength T2*-weighted gradient-echo imaging performed during the chronic stage of traumatic brain injury may have advantages in the evaluation of diffuse axonal injury as compared with T1- and T2-weighted MR imaging. METHODS: Prospective MR imaging of 66 patients (age range, 17-57 years) was performed using a 3-T system 3 to 292 months (median, 23.5 months) after traumatic brain injury. T1-, T2-, T2*-hypointense and T2-hyperintense foci of 1- to 15-mm diameter were registered in 10 brain regions by two readers separately. Foci that appeared hypointense both on the T1- and T2- and/or on the T2*-weighted images were defined as traumatic microbleeds. RESULTS: For 46 (69.7%) of the patients, T2*-weighted gradient-echo imaging revealed traumatic microbleeds. Hyperintense foci were observed on the T2-weighted images of only 15 (22.7%) patients. T2*-weighted imaging showed significantly more traumatic microbleeds (P =.000) than did T1- and T2-weighted imaging. Interobserver agreement was strong (kappa = 0.79, tau = 0.749, P =.000). For 14 (21.2%) of the patients, T2*-weighted gradient-echo imaging revealed traumatic microbleeds in the corpus callosum, whereas for only two (3%), hyperintense callosal lesions were seen on the T2-weighted images. Although a significant correlation existed between the total amount and callosal appearance of traumatic microbleeds and Glasgow Coma Scale scores (P =.000), no correlation existed with extended Glasgow Outcome Scale scores. CONCLUSION: T2*-weighted gradient-echo imaging at high field strength is a useful tool for the evaluation of diffuse axonal injury during the chronic stage of traumatic brain injury. Diffuse axonal injury-related brain lesions are mainly hemorrhagic. The relevance of diffuse axonal injury for long-term clinical outcome is uncertain. (+info)

Diffusion-weighted imaging of acute corticospinal tract injury preceding Wallerian degeneration in the maturing human brain. (8/72)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Wallerian degeneration, the secondary degeneration of axons from cortical and subcortical injury, is associated with poor neurologic outcome. Since diffusion-weighted (DW) imaging is sensitive to early changes of cytotoxic edema, DW imaging may depict the acute injury to descending white matter tracts that precedes Wallerian degeneration; this injury is not visible on conventional CT or MR images in the maturing human brain. METHODS: Two neuroradiologists retrospectively analyzed clinical MR images in six children (aged 3 days to 5 months) with DW findings consistent with acute injury of the descending white matter tract due to territorial anterior or middle cerebral artery infarction. In five patients, images were obtained as a part of routine clinical evaluation. The remaining patient was a part of a prospective study of brain injury. Imaging findings were correlated with clinical outcomes. RESULTS: In all six patients, DW imaging performed 2-8 days after the onset of ischemia depicted injury to the descending white matter tract ipsilateral to the territorial infarct. Conventional MR images of the ipsilateral descending white matter tracts were abnormal in three patients. In all five patients for which follow-up results were available, the presence of DW changes was correlated with persistent neurologic disability. CONCLUSION: As shown in this retrospective analysis, DW imaging can depict acute injury to the descending white matter tract in neonates and infants, when conventional MR imaging may show normal findings. These DW findings likely precede the development of Wallerian degeneration, and they may portend a poor clinical outcome. (+info)

Acquired Brain Injury (ABI). Chronic pain. Turning Point provides a comprehensive program to the local general public, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turning_Point_Alcohol_and_Drug_Centre

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI); Orthopedics and Prosthetics; Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD); Amyotrophic Lateral ... sustaining three injuries and mitigating further loss of life in combat. Wahlen re-enlisted in the U.S. Army where he served in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_E._Wahlen_VA_Medical_Center

Jordan BD (2000). "Chronic traumatic brain injury associated with boxing". Seminars in Neurology. 20 (2): 179-85. doi:10.1055/s ... "Traumatic brain injury Complications - Mayo Clinic". Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 2017-01-31. "Brain Injury: Complications and ... About one in five career boxers is affected by chronic traumatic brain injury (CTBI), which causes cognitive, behavioral, and ... Traumatic brain injury (TBI, physical trauma to the brain) can cause a variety of complications, health effects that are not ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complications_of_traumatic_brain_injury

"White matter integrity and cognition in chronic traumatic brain injury: a diffusion tensor imaging study". Brain. 130 (Pt 10): ... at the Wayback Machine Wikimedia Commons has media related to Traumatic brain injuries. Brain injury at Curlie The Brain Injury ... A traumatic brain injury (TBI), also known as an intracranial injury, is an injury to the brain caused by an external force. ... However, the terms head injury and brain injury are often used interchangeably. Similarly, brain injuries fall under the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traumatic_brain_injury

PMID 17846639 Traumatic brain injury research since the 1998 NIH Consensus Conference: accomplishments and unmet goals. ... PMID 12454359 Rehabilitation of the patient with chronic critical illness. Thomas DC, Kreizman IJ, Melchiorre P, Ragnarsson KT ... PMID 12454362 Results of the NIH consensus conference on "rehabilitation of persons with traumatic brain injury". Ragnarsson KT ... PMID 12140920 Diagnosis and Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury. Ragnarsson KT. JAMA. 10 May 2000;283(18):2392. PMID 10815080 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristjan_T._Ragnarsson

"Prevalence of Chronic Pain After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review". scholar.google.com. Retrieved 2022-11-18. "A ... Nampiaparampil, D. E. (2008). "Prevalence of Chronic Pain After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review". JAMA. 300 (6): ... Doctor Devi began working for the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs in 2008 and started the Brain Injury Clinic at the VA ... Oz Show when she demonstrated botox injections for chronic migraine pain in front of a live audience. Mehmet Oz nicknamed her ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devi_Nampiaparampil

Baulkman, Jaleesa (April 10, 2014). "Brain Injuries Can Make Children Loners". UniversityHerald. Retrieved June 25, 2016. ... V.S. Ramachandran: A Radical Theory of Autism Harris, R. A. (2014). Chronic pain, social withdrawal, and depression. Journal of ... Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) can also lead to asociality and social withdrawal. Social skills training (SST) is an effective ... Research indicates the social and analytical functions of the brain function in a mutually exclusive way. With this in mind, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asociality

PMID 1633388 Elliott, T.R. & Wegener, S.T. (Eds.). (1992). Chronic pain and spinal cord injury (Special section). The Clinical ... Their relationship to coping and depression in traumatic brain injury. Rehabilitation Psychology, 48, 131-136. Haythornthwaite ... Topics in Spinal Cord Injury, 7, 73-83. Benrud-Larsen LM, Wegener ST (2000). Psychosocial aspects of chronic pain in ... including occupational injuries, rheumatic disease, spinal cord injury or limb loss. He also develops cognitive-behavioral ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_T._Wegener

"Huntington's Disease: Discovery Of Mechanism In Brain Cell Injury Offers New Treatment Approaches". Medicalnewstoday.com. ... "Early-Life Experience Linked to Chronic Diseases Later in Life: UBC Research". publicaffairs.ubc.ca. Archived from the original ... Daniel Goldowitz is the Scientific Director of the Kids Brain Health network (formerly NeuroDevNet), which is a Canada Networks ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Molecular_Medicine_and_Therapeutics

"Chronic neuropathological and neurobehavioral changes in a repetitive mild traumatic brain injury model". Ann. Neurol. 75 (2): ... traumatic brain injury is associated with ongoing white matter degeneration with survival > 1 year post-injury. Bielschowsky ... "Inflammation and white matter degeneration persist for years after a single traumatic brain injury". Brain. 136 (1): 28-42. doi ... 10.1093/brain/aws322. PMC 3562078. PMID 23365092. Mouzon, B; Bachmeier, C (February 2014). " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxol_fast_blue_stain

"Chronic neuropathological and neurobehavioral changes in a repetitive mild traumatic brain injury model". Ann. Neurol. 75 (2): ... Genes Brain Behav. 6:54-65 (2007). Mouzon, B; Chaytow, H (December 2012). "Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in a Mouse ... Effect of traumatic brain injury on mouse spatial and nonspatial learning in the Barnes circular maze. J Neurotrauma 15:1037- ... It is also used by neuroscientists to determine whether there is a causative effect after mild traumatic brain injury on ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnes_maze

It covers findings that chronic traumatic brain injury is occurring in female sports. Also covered is physiological evidence of ... Brain Injuries Mount, Safety of Football Questioned, from NFL to Youth Leagues (Democracy Now!) (Articles with short ... brain injury in adolescent athletes. Head Games is directed by Steve James, director of the highly acclaimed documentary, Hoop ... Ann McKee, and Robert Stern, who are experts on chronic traumatic encephalopathy). In addition to other medical experts, it ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_Games_(film)

Advancing age is a strong risk factor, as is traumatic brain injury. In the aging brain, multiple proteopathies can overlap. ... McKee AC, Stein TD, Kiernan PT, Alvarez VE (May 2015). "The neuropathology of chronic traumatic encephalopathy". Brain ... DeKosky ST, Ikonomovic MD, Gandy S (September 2010). "Traumatic brain injury--football, warfare, and long-term effects". The ... doi:10.1093/brain/awn216. PMID 18790819. Sipe JD, Benson MD, Buxbaum JN, Ikeda SI, Merlini G, Saraiva MJ, Westermark P ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteinopathy

"Incidence of traumatic brain injury in New Zealand: a population-based study." The Lancet Neurology 12, no. 1 (2013): 53-64. ... "The effectiveness of an acceptance and commitment therapy self-help intervention for chronic pain." The Clinical Journal of ... Starkey's research includes traumatic brain injury, strokes and driver behaviour. Feigin, Valery L., Alice Theadom, Suzanne ... "Epidemiology of ischaemic stroke and traumatic brain injury." Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology 24, no. 4 (2010 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicola_Starkey

... this phenomenon occurs in patients with advanced brain tumor or severe head injury. In the case of severe head injury, a clot ... Chronic subdural hematomas have been known to be a familiar cause of Kernohan's notch. MRIs have shown evidence of Kernohan's ... Intracranial pressure Traumatic brain injury Duret haemorrhage This is an interesting story in that Kernohan and Woltman's ... Because a Kernohan's notch is caused by an injury creating pressure on the opposite hemisphere of the brain, it is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernohan's_notch

These contributions have helped to prevent chronic lung disease and brain injury harming infants. Hospitals that Dr. Ballard is ... Ballard studies ways to treat and prevent chronic lung disease in premature infants. Some of her research includes the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberta_A._Ballard

... they are typically described following the cessation of exposure to chronic brain injury. Some of the subjective symptoms ... In hockey, traumatic brain injuries constitute 10%-15% of all head injuries. With the high percent of injuries being traumatic ... According to the USCPSC, four of the top five sports that cause brain injuries are considered to have limited brain contact: ... Concussions are also sometimes referred to as mTBI (Mild Traumatic Brain Injury). Concussions are injuries to the head which ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports-related_traumatic_brain_injury

"Right Frontal Pole Cortical Thickness and Social Competence in Children With Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury". Journal of Head ... Those who have experienced traumatic brain injury may be also at risk of developing features reflective of SzPD. Other ... Being a personality disorder, which are usually chronic and long-lasting mental conditions, SzPD is not expected to improve ... Brigham Young University (2014): Head injuries can make children loners. For original study, see Levan, Ashley; Baxter, Leslie ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schizoid_personality_disorder

The first domain is motor control and behavioral science in brain injury. He seeks to understand how eye control intersects ... "Eye-hand re-coordination: A pilot investigation of gaze and reach biofeedback in chronic stroke." Progress in brain research. ... "The intersection between ocular and manual motor control: eye-hand coordination in acquired brain injury." Frontiers in ... "Disrupted saccade control in chronic cerebral injury: upper motor neuron-like disinhibition in the ocular motor system." ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John-Ross_Rizzo

December 2015). "Multi-disciplinary rehabilitation for acquired brain injury in adults of working age". The Cochrane Database ... Chronic pain is very common and harder to treat as its most common cause is dysesthesias. Acute pain due to trigeminal ... Hyland HJ (3 May 2013). "The drugs do work: my life on brain enhancers". The Guardian. London. Rammohan KW, Rosenberg JH, Lynn ... December 2010). "Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency and the doubtful promise of an endovascular treatment for multiple ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Management_of_multiple_sclerosis

These include fatigue, post-traumatic stress symptoms or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and chronic pain. Animal studies ... Five days of complete sleep deprivation in rats before the traumatic brain injury, acted as protection against ischemic injury ... Sleep disorder is a common repercussion of traumatic brain injury (TBI). It occurs in 30%-70% of patients with TBI. TBI can be ... Terrio H, Brenner LA, Ivins BJ, Cho JM, Helmick K, Schwab K, Scally K, Bretthauer R, Warden D (2009). "Traumatic brain injury ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleeping_disorders_following_traumatic_brain_injury

Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, and the Development of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy". Medical Sciences. 6 (3): E78. doi: ... Fitzsimmons to fund the Brain Injury Research Institute which established a brain and tissue bank. In November 2006, Omalu ... Bennet Omalu on CTE and Brain Injuries - YouTube "CV: Bennet Omalu", UC Davis Medical Center "Bennet Omalu, M.D., M.B.A., MPH, ... Chronic traumatic encephalopathy in boxers. J Assoc Physicians India. 1987 Aug;35(8):571-3. Laskas, Jeanne Marie. "Game Brain: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bennet_Omalu

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy in athletes: progressive tauopathy after repetitive head injury. McKee AC, Cantu RC, Nowinski ... CSP has been loosely associated with schizophrenia, post-traumatic stress disorder, traumatic brain injury, as well as with ... a preclinical sign of traumatic brain injury?". AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology. 24 (1): 52-7. PMC 8148951. PMID ... A brain scan reveals that he has cavum septi pellucidi brought on by head trauma, especially after his last fight with Ivan ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cave_of_septum_pellucidum

"Neuropsychiatric diagnosis and management of chronic sequelae of war-related mild to moderate traumatic brain injury" (PDF). ... He also serves as a Director of the War Related Illness and Injury Study Center in the VA Palo Alto Health Care System, as well ... at the UCLA Brain Research Institute.[citation needed] Halbauer, Joshua; et al. (November 2009). " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wesson_Ashford

"Effect of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Chronic Neurocognitive Deficits of Post-Traumatic Brain Injury Patients: Retrospective ... "Can hyperbaric treatment heal brain injuries?". The Johns Hopkins News-Letter. Retrieved 2019-07-22. "Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy ... Traumatic Brain Injury, Alzheimer's disease as well with a special focus on age-related functional decline. In his studies, it ... "Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Can Induce Angiogenesis and Regeneration of Nerve Fibers in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shai_Efrati

"Pain, agony and 'years of duress': How hockey wives are fighting back over players' chronic brain injuries". Biographical ... Belak had an injury plagued 2003-04 season, as he suffered an abdominal injury on November 20, 2003 against the Edmonton Oilers ... Belak had an injury plagued season, appearing in eight games with Colorado, getting two points and 27 PIM, while in 11 games ... He suffered a shoulder injury on February 10, 2000 against the Colorado Avalanche that caused him to miss six weeks of action. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade_Belak

After severe traumatic brain injury, high levels of tau protein in extracellular fluid in the brain are linked to poor outcomes ... January 2013). "The spectrum of disease in chronic traumatic encephalopathy". Brain. 136 (Pt 1): 43-64. doi:10.1093/brain/ ... Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a central component of contact sports, especially American football, and the ... Julia Evangelou Strait (December 13, 2011). "High levels of tau protein linked to poor recovery after brain injury". Washington ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_protein

"Patients with chronic mild or moderate traumatic brain injury have abnormal brain enlargement". Brain Injury. 34 (1): 11-19. ... Ideally you'd like to test your models not in anesthetized animals and brain slices, but by measuring brain activity in humans ... "Multi Dimensional Brain Measurements Can Assess Child's Age". UCSD News. Archived from the original on 2012-11-05. "Company ... He pioneered methods of combining EEG, MEG, and MRI tests to localize brain activity. He also did important work in surface- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders_Dale

Apr 2009). "Mechanisms of chronic central neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury". Brain Res Rev. 60 (1): 202-13. doi: ... This pathologic phenomenon can also occur after brain injury and spinal cord injury. Within minutes after spinal cord injury, ... Excitotoxicity may be involved in cancers, spinal cord injury, stroke, traumatic brain injury, hearing loss (through noise ... a deep chemical coma may be induced in patients with brain injury to reduce the metabolic rate of the brain (its need for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excitotoxicity

Ridler, Charlotte (April 24, 2017). "New insights into the long-term effects of mild brain injury". Nature Reviews Neurology. ... Also, contact sports, especially combat sports, are directly related to a brain disease called chronic traumatic encephalopathy ... In a 2014 meta-analysis of the available injury data in MMA, the injury incidence rate was estimated to be 228.7 injuries per ... of reported injuries), fracture (7.4% to 43.3% of reported injuries), and concussion (3.8% to 20.4% of reported injuries). The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixed_martial_arts

Raúl Gómez Ramírez, 50, Mexican politician, MP for Guanajuato (since 2012), injuries sustained in a traffic collision. Slađa ... Takao Saito, 85, Japanese cinematographer, chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Adnan Gulshair el Shukrijumah, 39, Saudi Arabian-born ... brain cancer. Abdullah Hussain, 94, Malaysian novelist (Interlok). Michael Kennedy, 88, British biographer, journalist and ... head injury. Colin Strang, 2nd Baron Strang, 92, British philosopher and peer. Dick Thornton, 75, American-born Canadian ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deaths_in_December_2014

Haemophilia leads to a severely increased risk of prolonged bleeding from common injuries, or in severe cases bleeding may be ... Repeated bleeds into a joint capsule can cause permanent joint damage and disfigurement resulting in chronic arthritis and ... Joints Muscles Digestive tract Brain Muscle and joint haemorrhages - or haemarthrosis - are indicative of haemophilia, while ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haemophilia_A

Staley has Traumatic Brain Injury sustained from playing in the NFL. He wears a whistle around his neck to blow to end the ... Staley lives on a farm in California with his wife with chronic headaches, a crippled body, and the beginning of dementia. ... "Bengals' second pick: 'My brain is not working'". "Utah State Aggies Official Athletic Site - Utah State University". Archived ... cite journal}}: Cite journal requires ,journal= (help) "Bengals' second pick: 'My brain is not working'". (CS1 maint: archived ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Staley

Common populations treated include individuals with: AIDS Acquired brain injury Cancer Chronic pain Concussion Limb loss ... A variety of empirical studies have demonstrated CBT's effectiveness in cases of traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, ... Multiple sclerosis Neuromuscular disorders Spinal cord injury Stroke Traumatic brain injury When addressing these chronic ... Cognitive rehabilitation interventions have been used with people who have sustained brain injury, stroke, brain tumor, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rehabilitation_psychology

... leading the players to develop effects of brain injury ranging from chronic headaches to depression. Prior to the 2014 season, ... who had suffered a groin injury during the 2006 season and had hamstring injuries in the past) to accept a pay cut. He refused ... Horn and his attorneys allege that the league failed to properly treat head injuries in spite of prevailing medical evidence, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Horn

Most fetal birth injuries resolve without long term harm, but brachial plexus injury may lead to Erb's palsy or Klumpke's ... Hypoxic damage can also occur to most of the infant's organs (heart, lungs, liver, gut, kidneys), but brain damage is of most ... Causes for early birth may be unknown or may be related to certain chronic conditions such as diabetes, infections, and other ... 20 or 30 encounter injuries, infections or disabilities. Most of these deaths and injuries are preventable. In 2008, noting ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Childbirth

Attachment injury has been indicated as an additional component of BTT in romantic contexts, characterized by abandonment or ... This substance use may be episodic binge drinking or chronic substance use that can meet diagnostic criteria for substance use ... Schore, Allan N. (2002-02-01). "Dysregulation of the right brain: a fundamental mechanism of traumatic attachment and the ... BTT indicates that childhood sexual abuse and other interpersonal injuries create the dissociative reaction. Dissociative ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betrayal_trauma

... 's work showing how a dysregulation of chloride ion transport is involved in chronic pain and other brain ... Restoring KCC2 function in experimental models with nerve injury conversely restored the threshold. Guillaume Lavertu, first ... Brain. 2014 Mar;137(Pt 3):724-38. doi:10.1093/brain/awt334. "Enhancing K-Cl co-transport restores normal spinothalamic sensory ... Marc Bergeron received a CIHR Brain Star Award for this publication. Another study, published in the journal Brain in 2013 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yves_De_Koninck

The virus can cause acute myocardial injury and chronic damage to the cardiovascular system. An acute cardiac injury was found ... of brain tissue lost in regions of the brain connected to the sense of smell compared with uninfected individuals, and the ... However, SARS-CoV-2 has been detected at low levels in the brains of those who have died from COVID‑19, but these results need ... The virus may also enter the bloodstream from the lungs and cross the blood-brain barrier to gain access to the CNS, possibly ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19

... or seizures occurring because of a known injury to the brain. Once the infection is stopped the seizures will stop. Another ... possibly caused by chronic viral infections, edema, or autoimmune processes. They are very medication and therapy-resistant, ... Problems with brain development can also be a factor. The brain undergoes a complicated process during development in which ... Throughout the brain, the placement of these neurons is normally quite precise. If this system doesn't work exactly right, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epilepsia_partialis_continua

... chronic pain, and the role of glia after stroke or spinal cord injury. Nedergaard's discovery of the glymphatic system was ... In 2013, Nedergaard discovered the glymphatic system, a network of channels in the brain whose purpose is to eliminate toxins ... Dysfunction of the glymphatic system has been shown to impair healing after traumatic injury and to accelerate the accumulation ... water channel protein plays a crucial role in modulating the flow of CSF between the perivascular space and the brain ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maiken_Nedergaard

Seddon HJ (1943). "Three Types of Nerve Injury". Brain. 66 (4): 238-288. doi:10.1093/brain/66.4.237. Savastano (2014). "Sciatic ... "A systematic review of therapeutic facet joint interventions in chronic spinal pain". Pain Physician. 10 (1): 229-53. doi: ... Brain. 74 (4): 491-516. doi:10.1093/brain/74.4.491. PMID 14895767. Burnett (2004). "Pathophysiology of peripheral nerve injury ... as the coolant fall in the range of an axonotmesis injury, or 2nd degree injury, according to the Sunderland classification ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryoneurolysis

Cheon MS, Kim SH, Fountoulakis M, Lubec G (2004). Heart type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) is decreased in brains of ... H-FABP is more effective than Troponin T in risk stratifying Chronic Heart Failure patients. H-FABP is beginning to create ... The diagnostic potential of the biomarker H-FABP for heart injury was discovered in 1988 by Professor Jan Glatz (Maastricht, ... Pelsers MM, Hermens WT, Glatz JF (Feb 2005). "Fatty acid-binding proteins as plasma markers of tissue injury". Clinica Chimica ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart-type_fatty_acid_binding_protein

Trojanowski died in Philadelphia from complications of chronic spinal cord injuries on February 8, 2022, at the age of 75. ... "Taking the Steps to Healthy Brain Aging", on Alzheimer's disease and healthy brain aging funded by a grant from the ... Kolata, Gina (2022-03-01). "John Q. Trojanowski Dies at 75; Changed Understanding of Brain Diseases". The New York Times. ISSN ... now known as the Brain & Behavior Research Foundation) (1994) Metlife Foundation Award for Medical Research in Alzheimer's ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Q._Trojanowski

... receptor activation attenuates traumatic neuronal injury and improves neurological recovery after traumatic brain injury" ( ... The same drug has been shown to interfere in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, with chronic oral administration of this ... Brain Research. Molecular Brain Research. 109 (1-2): 18-33. doi:10.1016/S0169-328X(02)00458-8. PMID 12531512. MRC (Medical ... Brain Research Reviews. 31 (2-3): 302-12. doi:10.1016/S0165-0173(99)00046-6. PMID 10719157. S2CID 13040014. Patil ST, Zhang L, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabotropic_glutamate_receptor

Sam has a chronic drug and alcohol addiction that has led to one divorce and multiple affairs with other women; his habits ... The injury sidelines her for eight weeks, resulting in a heated argument between her and Debbie over past issues with each ... an English genius inspired by the real GLOW wrestlers Zelda the Brain and Godiva. Prior to joining GLOW, she was homeless, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_GLOW_characters

People with a traumatic brain injury (TBI) can display impulsive, aggressive and dangerous actions. A study in the Brain Injury ... Anger management style and overall level of anger has been associated with both acute and chronic pain sensitivity. Blood ... "Effectiveness of a group anger management programme after severe traumatic brain injury". Brain Injury. 24 (3): 517-24. doi: ... and chronic migraine AF. The tendency for a participant to inhibit his anger and not lash out was found more in children with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anger_management

Often, the goal of the anticonvulsants are to bring certain areas of the brain to equilibrium and control outbursts and ... Specifically, DBT has been found to significantly reduce self-injury, suicidal behavior, impulsivity, self-rated anger and the ... No promising results were available for the core BPD symptoms of chronic feelings of emptiness, identity disturbance and ... the Dana Forum on Brain Science. 2 (4). Grootens KP, Verkes RJ (January 2005). "Emerging evidence for the use of atypical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Management_of_borderline_personality_disorder

Both men were suspected of having chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a disorder linked to repeated brain trauma. According ... would have their brains examined by researchers at Boston University, who were studying head injuries in sports. ... In November 1955, while on the sick list for the 49ers due to a shoulder injury, Johnson carried two women to safety out of a ... However, Johnson missed several games due to injuries, and the Lions finished with a 4-7-1 record and one of the league's worst ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Henry_Johnson

DeLisi LE (March 2008). "The effect of cannabis on the brain: can it cause brain anomalies that lead to increased risk for ... Combining alcohol with cannabis greatly increases the level of impairment and the risk of injury or death from accidents". The ... Falvo, D R (2005). Medical and psychosocial aspects of chronic illness and disability (Third ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning. p ... The research team, headed by Dr Igor Grant, found that cannabis use did affect perception, but did not cause permanent brain ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_of_cannabis

... including one of California's only accredited programs in spinal cord injury, brain injury, and comprehensive stroke ... Jude Knott Family Endoscopy Center Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Cardiac Services Sleep Center Chronic Pain Program Synergy ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Jude_Medical_Center

On June 13, 2017, he died after falling and undergoing surgery to repair an hematoma injury on his brain. "Foresthill Raised ... He was released before the start of the 1962 season, because he suffered chronic knee problems. After football, he was a music ... During his college career he suffered injuries in both of his knees. He also practiced track. In 2013, he was inducted into the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Murchison

... chronic pain and Parkinson's disease. In 2012, MTMC opened the area's first Epilepsy Monitoring Unit. The Saint Thomas Brain & ... Sanders, Cindy (October 2007). "Predicting Athletic Injury". Nashville Medical News. Archived from the original on 2009-03-22. ... Among the ailments and diseases treated through the Neurosciences Institute are epilepsy, stroke, brain tumors, ALS, sleep ... focusing on chronic pain and incontinence. The center touts the use of unique treatments, such as non-surgical interventions ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Thomas_-_Rutherford_Hospital

Pieces of fat can wind up in the lungs, or even the brain. Fat emboli may cause permanent disability or, in some cases, be ... Some side effects and complications include, but are not limited to, the following: Pain, which may be temporary or chronic ... great care is used to not injure lymphatic which are already abnormal and increased risk of injury. Only the longitudinal ... Reconstructive uses include treatment of lipedema, to remove excess fat in the chronic medical condition lymphedema, and to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liposuction

Simka M (May 2009). "Blood brain barrier compromise with endothelial inflammation may lead to autoimmune loss of myelin during ... stating that MS patients undergoing angioplasty and/or stenting to treat CCSVI risk serious injuries or death. Furthermore, it ... A chronic state of impaired venous drainage from the central nervous system, termed chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency ... Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI or CCVI) is a term invented by Italian researcher Paolo Zamboni in 2008 to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_cerebrospinal_venous_insufficiency_controversy

... because they pass through the brain stem on one side of its central core. Prolonged pain, on the other hand, such as chronic ... and some people with traumatic injuries experienced little or no pain until a later time. In 1965 at MIT, Melzack and Wall ... Melzack R (Dec 2001). "Pain and the Neuromatrix in the Brain". J Dent Educ. 65 (12): 1378-82. doi:10.1002/j.0022-0337.2001. ... in which he asserted that pain is subjective and multidimensional because several parts of the brain contribute to it at the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Melzack

Traumatic brain injuries contribute to a third of all deaths in the United States with over 1.5 million brain injuries ... This program has also been accredited for treating motion disorders, arthritis, chronic pain syndromes, cardiac disorders, and ... NRH has received a three-year accreditation from CARF, and its Spinal Cord Injury, Stroke and Brain Injury programs are the ... CARF Accredited Medstar NRH with Specialty Programs in Stroke Recovery, Spinal Cord Injury and Brain Injury. Being a non-profit ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MedStar_National_Rehabilitation_Hospital

The inference of these findings is that there is indeed a propensity for muscle injury secondary to the atrophic process that ... studies performed on rodents during chronic HS indicate that only a transient reduction occurs in electrical activity of the ... Experimental Brain Research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Experimentation Cerebrale. 113 (1): 104-16. doi:10.1007/bf02454146. ... injury, etc.) An indication of the importance of individual baseline performance is obtained from an illustrative example from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physiological_effects_in_space

Brain functioning and information processing may also be affected by neglect. This may lead to difficulty in understanding ... Neglect can carry on in a child's life falling into many long-term side effects, including physical injuries, developmental ... Neglect can affect the body physically by affecting a child's development and health, sometimes leading to chronic medical ... Neglected children or adults can have physical injuries like fractures or severe burns that go untreated, or infections, lice ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neglect

Causes of neuritis include: Physical injury Infection Diphtheria Herpes zoster (shingles) Leprosy Lyme disease Chemical injury ... Cooper TE, Fisher E, Gray AL, Krane E, Sethna N, van Tilburg MA, Zernikow B, Wiffen PJ (July 2017). "Opioids for chronic non- ... They have connections with the spinal cord and ultimately the brain, however. Most commonly autonomic neuropathy is seen in ... sports injury, sports pinching, cutting, projectile injuries (for example, gunshot wound), strokes including prolonged ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_neuropathy

Presence of post-concussion syndrome symptoms in patients with chronic pain vs mild traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 2003;17: ... Hyperbaric oxygen in chronic traumatic brain injury: oxygen, pressure, and gene therapy. Med Gas Res 2015;5:9.doi:10.1186/ ... Resting cerebral blood flow alterations in chronic traumatic brain injury: an arterial spin labeling perfusion FMRI study. J ... Effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on chronic neurocognitive deficits of post-traumatic brain injury patients: retrospective ...

https://bmjopen.bmj.com/CONTENT/8/9/E023387

chronic traumatic brain injury - English → Magyar. traumatic brain injury - English → Magyar. traumatic brain injury (TBI) - ... brain injury - English → Magyar. Focal brain injury - English → Magyar. anoxic brain injury - English → Magyar. Acquired Brain ... brain - English → Magyar. to brain - English → Magyar. dry brain - English → Magyar. brain-fag - English → Magyar. MRI BRAIN - ... Unspecified brain damage due to birth injury - English → Magyar. Other specified brain damage due to birth injury - English → ...

https://super55.com/index.php?s=1&q=chronic+traumatic+brain+injury

... of an injury. If CTE is a latent disease, it would be a separate injury or illness compared with a brain injury, such as a ... If CTE is the latent effect of a disease, it would be the continuation and increased severity of a brain injury that worsens ... The Schmitzes claim Notre Dame and the NCAA knew or should have known the risks of brain injuries college football players ... The parties argue the distinction between characterizing CTE, a certain type of brain injury associated with football and other ...

https://www.courtnewsohio.gov/cases/2018/SCO/previews/0410-11/0410-11.asp

The search terms used included boxing or boxing and injury or injuries and boxing and head injury or head injuries. The ... Jordan BD, Relkin NR, Ravdin LD, et al. Apoliprotein E e4 associated with chronic traumatic brain injury in boxing. JAMA 1997; ... The risk of chronic traumatic brain injury in professional boxing: change in exposure variables over the past century ... The risk of chronic traumatic brain injury in professional boxing: change in exposure variables over the past century ...

https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/39/9/661

The Brain Injury Association of America estimates 1 in 60 Americans are living with brain injury. Brain injuries range in ... Chronic Measurement of Physiologic Endpoints Produces Translatable Results for Traumatic Brain Injury Countermeasures Mar 8, ... common causes of brain injury include falls, vehicle accidents, violence, playing sports, and combat-related injuries. ... Many brain injury patients experience acute seizures that often lead to epilepsy and cognitive impairment. This study aimed to ...

https://www.datasci.com/resources/blogs/blog-article/publication-reviews/2021/03/08/chronic-measurement-of-physiologic-endpoints-produces-translatable-results-for-traumatic-brain-injury-countermeasures

The therapeutic effect of controlled reoxygenation on chronic hypoxia-associated brain injury Zhenzhen Tu, Zhenzhen Tu ... postoperative brain injury has been demonstrated to be signiﬁcantly associated with preoperative chronic hypoxia and model CPB ... The therapeutic effect of controlled reoxygenation on chronic hypoxia-associated brain injury. Biol Open 15 December 2019; 8 ( ... including liver injury, renal damage, brain injury as well as lung infection (Suk, 2016). In our experiments, the expression of ...

https://journals.biologists.com/bio/article/8/12/bio039370/222907/The-therapeutic-effect-of-controlled-reoxygenation

... also known as acquired brain injury, head injury, or brain injury, causes substantial disability and mortality. It occurs when ... a sudden trauma damages the brain and disrupts normal brain function. ... How is chronic posttraumatic headache in traumatic brain injury (TBI) treated?. How is depression treated in traumatic brain ... Traumatic brain injury (TBI), also known as acquired brain injury, head injury, or brain injury, causes substantial disability ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/326643-121861/what-are-the-possible-complications-of-traumatic-brain-injury-tbi

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/326643-overview

Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) is a brain disease. CTE is a brain disease that can only be diagnosed after death. It ... Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Guideline for Adults. *CDC Pediatric mTBI Guidelineplus icon*CDC Pediatric mTBI Guideline Checklist ... Report to Congress on traumatic brain injury in the United States: Epidemiology and rehabilitationpdf icon. Atlanta (GA): ... There is growing concern about the long-term effects on the brain of people who experience multiple or repeated head impacts. ...

https://www.cdc.gov/traumaticbraininjury/concussion/repeated-head-impacts.html

... has been tested as a new technique to optimize recovery of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). The aim of this study is ... Transcranial, red/near-infrared light-emitting diode therapy to improve cognition in chronic traumatic brain injury. Photomed ... Photobiomodulation using low-level laser therapy (LLLT) for patients with chronic traumatic brain injury: a randomized ... Photobiomodulation using low-level laser therapy (LLLT) for patients with chronic traumatic brain injury: a randomized ...

https://trialsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13063-017-2414-5

"Hypoaminoacidemia Characterizes Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury",. abstract = "Individuals with a history of traumatic brain ... Hypoaminoacidemia Characterizes Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury. In: Journal of Neurotrauma. 2017 ; Vol. 34, No. 2. pp. 385-390. ... Hypoaminoacidemia Characterizes Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury. Journal of Neurotrauma. 2017 Jan 15;34(2):385-390. doi: 10.1089 ... Hypoaminoacidemia Characterizes Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury. William J. Durham, Jack P. Foreman, Kathleen M. Randolph, ...

https://researchexperts.utmb.edu/en/publications/hypoaminoacidemia-characterizes-chronic-traumatic-brain-injury

... a head injury; a brain tumor; any condition that increases the amount of pressure in your brain; adrenal problems such as ... chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; a group of diseases that affect the lungs and airways); other lung diseases; ...

https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a618015.html

Long-Term Impact of Military-Relevant Brain Injury Consortium Chronic Effects of Neurotrauma Consortium. ... Long-Term Impact of Military-Relevant Brain Injury Consortium Chronic Effects of Neurotrauma Consortium. Log In ... through the Psychological Health/Traumatic Brain Injury Research Program Long-Term Impact of Military-Relevant Brain Injury ... Brain Injury Awareness Day on Capitol Hill. On Wednesday, March 4, 2020 LIMBIC-CENC Principal Investigator Dr. David Cifu was ...

https://www.limbic-cenc.org/index.php/news/

... aimed at minimizing major injuries in the sport. However, head injuries are still a significant concern in boxing. The American ... Chronic traumatic brain injury associated with boxing. 04/29/2015. 04/30/2015. Read more ... of boxers will have sustained a brain injury by the end of their careers. Couple that with eye injuries and dementia, which are ... aimed at minimizing major injuries in the sport. However, head injuries are still a significant concern in boxing. The American ...

https://painkills2.wordpress.com/2015/04/29/chronic-traumatic-brain-injury-associated-with-boxing/

Brain Injury Image-Guided Surgery. Information about image-guided surgery systems for cranial, spinal and ENT (ear, nose and ... Chronic Pain Spinal Cord Stimulation. Information about Medtronic spinal cord stimulation and AdaptiveStim™ Technology. ... Spinal cord injury Image-Guided Surgery. Information about image-guided surgery systems for cranial, spinal and ENT (ear, nose ... System used for the management of short-term external cerebrospinal fluid drainage from either the ventricles of the brain or ...

https://www.medtronic.com/se-sv/about/news/media-resources/media-kits.html

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder , Traumatic Brain Injury Center of Excellence Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) ... Brain Injury Awareness To Improve Readiness , Traumatic Brain Injury Center of Excellence , Traumatic Brain Injury Center of ... Traumatic Brain Injury Center of Excellence , Brain Injury Awareness To Improve Readiness , A Head for the Future , ... Traumatic Brain Injury Center of Excellence Traumatic Brain Injury/Psychological Health Congressional Testimony ...

https://health.mil/News/Articles/2021/03/02/March-is-Brain-Injury-Awareness-Month-TBICoEs-mission-lasts-all-year?type=Congressional+Testimonies

11 chronic traumatic brain injury patients were treated with 633 nm and 870 nm infrared three times per week for six weeks. ... Categories Light Dose Database, Brain, Brain Injury, Psychological, Sleep Tags Anxiety, Brain, Concussion, Depression, Light ... Traumatic Brain Injury Post navigation Red and Infrared LED Treatment for Traumatic Brain Injury, Depression and PTSD Case ... Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury, Depression, PTSD, Social Anxiety Transcranial LED Treatment. April 23, 2022. June 11, 2021. by ...

https://emfchannel.com/chronic-traumatic-brain-injury-depression-ptsd-social-anxiety-transcranial-led-treatment/

spinal cord injury. en_US. dc.title. Delayed microglial depletion after spinal cord injury reduces chronic inflammation and ... Delayed microglial depletion after spinal cord injury reduces chronic inflammation and neurodegeneration in the brain and ... and decreased reactive oxygen species production in these cells from injured spinal cord at 2-days post-injury. Post-injury ... antagonist PLX5622 administered starting either 3 weeks before injury or one day post-injury and continuing through 6 weeks ...

https://archive.hshsl.umaryland.edu/handle/10713/13918?show=full

What we know about the potential long-term outcomes of brain injury. ... Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy. There is growing attention and research on the potential effects and risks for Chronic ... What Are the Potential Long-Term Outcomes of Concussion and Other Brain Injury?. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ... The severity of a traumatic brain injury (TBI) may range from "mild" (i.e., a brief change in mental status or consciousness) ...

https://www.brainline.org/article/what-are-potential-long-term-outcomes-concussion-and-other-brain-injury

The pathophysiology underlying repetitive mild traumatic brain injury in a novel mouse model of chronic traumatic ... The pathophysiology underlying repetitive mild traumatic brain injury in a novel mouse model of chronic traumatic ...

https://ohsu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/the-pathophysiology-underlying-repetitive-mild-traumatic-brain-in-2/fingerprints/?sortBy=alphabetically

Its still, uh, you know, not all brain injuries are alike. Not all migraines are alike, not all chronic pain is a like, and ... Episode 206: Chronic Pain, Migraines, Brain Injuries - Acupuncture & Functional Neurology. with Dr. Ayla Wolf ... The idea of, you know, what does say dampness in the brain look like or damp heat in the brain, or what is phlegm in the brain ... Cause I had chronic back pain for a good, like, I dunno, 15 years or so that wasnt, I dont believe like led by my brain, but ...

https://brodiewelch.com/episode-206-chronic-pain-migraines-brain-injuries-acupuncture-functional-neurology/

Concussions and Brain Injuries in Children: United States, 2020 - Featured Topics from the National Center for Health ... Concussions and Brain Injuries in Children: United States, 2020. Posted on December 1, 2021. by NCHS ... The percentage of children aged 17 years and under who had ever had a diagnosis of a concussion or brain injury by a health ... In 2020, 6.8% of children aged 17 years and under had ever had symptoms of a concussion or brain injury. ...

https://blogs.cdc.gov/nchs/?p=6230

BRAIN INJURY, CHRONIC TRAUMATISMO CEREBRAL CRÔNICO LESÕES DAS ARTÉRIAS CARÓTIDAS CAROTID ARTERY INJURIES TRAUMATISMOS DE LA ... FACIAL NERVE INJURIES TRAUMATISMOS DEL NERVIO FACIAL TRAUMATISMOS DO NERVO ÓPTICO OPTIC NERVE INJURIES TRAUMATISMOS DEL NERVIO ... ABDUCENS NERVE INJURY TRAUMATISMO DEL NERVIO ABDUCENTE TRAUMATISMOS CRANIANOS PENETRANTES HEAD INJURIES, PENETRATING ... BRAIN STEM HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC HEMORRAGIA TRAUMATICA DEL TRONCO CEREBRAL HEMORRAGIA DOS GÂNGLIOS DA BASE BASAL GANGLIA ...

https://decs.bvs.br/P/news2000pie.htm

bc injury law, chronic pain, mild traumatic brain injury, Mr. Justice Mayer, Ranahan v. Oceguera ... Advocacy in the Guise of Opinion (56) bc injury claims (37) bc injury law (1630) bc personal injury lawyer (39) chronic pain ( ... Ranahan has sustained mild traumatic brain injury and soft tissue injuries to her spine, which has developed into chronic neck ... 160,000 Non-Pecuniary Assessment for Brain Injury and Chronic Pain. Written by admin on February 25, 2019. . Posted in ICBC ...

https://bc-injury-law.com/160000-nonpecuniary-assessment-brain-injury-chronic-pain/

Pharmacotherapy for chronic cognitive impairment in traumatic brain injury: Cochrane systematic review answers are found in the ... injury:_Cochrane_systematic_review. Pharmacotherapy for Chronic Cognitive Impairment in Traumatic Brain Injury: Cochrane ... "Pharmacotherapy for Chronic Cognitive Impairment in Traumatic Brain Injury: Cochrane Systematic Review." Cochrane Abstracts, ... Pharmacotherapy for chronic cognitive impairment in traumatic brain injury: Cochrane systematic review. In Cochrane Abstracts ...

https://evidence.unboundmedicine.com/evidence/view/Cochrane/432386/all/Pharmacotherapy_for_chronic_cognitive_impairment_in_traumatic_brain_injury:_Cochrane_systematic_review

Categories: Brain Injury, Chronic Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, ...

https://phil.cdc.gov/AdvancedSearchResults.aspx?Search=Brain+Injury,+Chronic&parentid=4791&catid=36569

This type of brain degeneration is likely caused by recurrent concussions, but what causes the damage isnt well understood. ... The current recommendation to prevent CTE is to reduce mild traumatic brain injuries and prevent additional injury after a ... www.ninds.nih.gov/Current-Research/Focus-Research/Traumatic-Brain-Injury/NIH-Chronic-Traumatic-Encephalopathy. Accessed March 2 ... Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is the term used to describe brain degeneration likely caused by repeated head traumas. ...

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-traumatic-encephalopathy/symptoms-causes/syc-20370921

With chronic migraine, episodes occur on at least 15 days of the month for 3 months. Learn more here. ... a decrease in CSF volume due to brain injury. *acute or chronic meningitis ... Chronic migraine definition. According to a 2021 review. , chronic migraine is when a person experiences headaches at least 15 ... Chronic migraine is the medical term for headaches that occur on at least 15 days of the month for 3 consecutive months, with ...

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/why-do-i-get-migraines-every-day

If CTE is a latent disease, it would be a separate injury or illness compared with a brain injury, such as a concussion. (courtnewsohio.gov)
See Pediatric Concussion and Other Traumatic Brain Injuries , a Critical Images slideshow, to help identify the signs and symptoms of TBI, determine the type and severity of injury, and initiate appropriate treatment. (medscape.com)
What Are the Potential Long-Term Outcomes of Concussion and Other Brain Injury? (brainline.org)
If you suffer from chronic pain, migraines, ongoing concussion symptoms, or really anything related to neurology, you'll definitely want to check out this conversation with Dr. Ayla Wolf. (brodiewelch.com)
If you suffer from chronic pain migraines, if you've had a concussion, if you've got anything really related to neurology going on. (brodiewelch.com)
In 2020, 6.8% of children aged 17 years and under had ever had symptoms of a concussion or brain injury. (cdc.gov)
Non-Hispanic White children were more likely than children of other race and Hispanic-origin groups to have ever had symptoms of a concussion or brain injury. (cdc.gov)
Compared with their peers, boys (4.7%) and non-Hispanic White children (5.2%) were more likely to have ever had a diagnosis of a concussion or brain injury. (cdc.gov)
A concussion occurs when a blow to the head or a sudden jolt shakes the head and causes movement of the brain inside the bony and rigid skull. (mayoclinic.org)
This hypothesis was based on the 4th International Consensus Statement on Concussion in Sport which recommends rest after injury as "a corner stone for acute concussion treatment" and outcomes. (braininjurylawblog.com)
This truth led to the Wil Smith Movie Concussion, detailing how grant money to the NIH was able to buy traumatic brain injury science ! (ehlinelaw.com)
You can call or fill out the web form on this page on the bottom of this page, and I'd be happy to send them out to you so you can have some peace of mind if you or a loved one as a brain injury or concussion case. (desalvolaw.com)
Even if you don't have a cracked skull or bleeding in the brain, you can have a concussion. (desalvolaw.com)
A concussion is a brain injury which happens after a hit to the head causes the brain to move back and forth inside the skull. (cnn.com)
She pointed out it can typically take 10 to 14 days after a concussion for the brain to get back to its baseline condition. (cnn.com)
In September 2013 Mark Wilson crashed on Porcupine Rim, taking a sharp rock a few inches below the rim of his helmet, sustaining a facial skull fracture, and developing a concussion that would evolve into Traumatic Brain Injury, or TBI. (singletracks.com)
Neuroinflammatory responses from PTSD , chronic pain, syncope , chronic fatigue syndrome , and IBS are a few conditions signaling a vagus nerve problem linked with a concussion may exist. (hopeafterbraininjury.org)
Alternative physical therapy exercises, functional neurology, and integrative functional health physicians have seen a tremendous increase in patients within the past few years who continue to suffer from post-concussion syndrome, vagus nerve dysfunction, chronic illness, autoimmune and other health conditions. (hopeafterbraininjury.org)

Objectives The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in participants suffering from chronic neurological deficits due to traumatic brain injury (TBI) of all severities in the largest cohort evaluated so far with objective cognitive function tests and metabolic brain imaging. (bmj.com)
Professional boxing is associated with a risk of chronic neurological injury. (bmj.com)
The development of chronic neurological symptoms in this setting was originally referred to as the punch drunk syndrome. (bmj.com)
There are few prospective studies of this condition that enable an epidemiological estimate of the prevalence of chronic boxing related neurological injury in either amateur or professional boxing. (bmj.com)
Harvard Bioscience (HBIO) is proud to serve researchers looking to understand and treat traumatic brain injury (TBI), offering products for behavioral, neurological, and respiratory assessment. (datasci.com)
The American Association of Neurological Surgeons says that 90% of boxers will have sustained a brain injury by the end of their careers. (wordpress.com)
Delayed microglial depletion after spinal cord injury reduces chronic inflammation and neurodegeneration in the brain and improves neurological recovery in male mice. (umaryland.edu)
These alterations were associated with improved neuronal survival in the brain and neurological recovery. (umaryland.edu)
Dr. Ayla Wolf is a Doctor of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine specializing in neurological disorders, concussions and traumatic brain injuries. (brodiewelch.com)
Despite the increased public awareness of traumatic brain injury (TBI), the complexities of the neuropsychiatric, neuropsychological, neurological, and other physical consequences of TBI of all severities across the lifespan remain incompletely understood by patients, their families, healthcare providers, and the media. (appi.org)
The following review indicated that such intentional and repeated blows to the head have resulted in irreversible acute and chronic brain damage, neurological impairments, serious eye damage, and premature death. (cdc.gov)
In my general practice I work with a wide spectrum of physical dysfunctions, neurological and musculoskeletal problems, chronic pain syndromes, chronic illnesses, traumas, as well as general health and well-being. (lizhartshorn.com)
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a life-threatening disease with high mortality characterized by an abrupt decrease of the kidney glomerular filtration rate, extra-kidney consequences (cardiovascular diseases, lung injury, neurological impairment) and high risk of secondary chronic kidney disease (CKD). (hrb.ie)

Brain injuries range in severity and symptoms based on how it occurs and which part of the brain is affected. (datasci.com)
Studies are ongoing external icon to learn if getting multiple head impacts that do not cause a person to feel symptoms affect the brain over time. (cdc.gov)
CTE symptoms don't develop right after a head injury, but experts believe that they might develop over years or decades after repeated head trauma. (mayoclinic.org)
Traumatic brain injury symptoms may manifest themselves as fatigue or a chronic loss of energy. (dianalegal.com)
If you are experiencing fatigue or a chronic loss of energy following a car accident these may be symptoms of a traumatic brain injury and it is necessary that these symptoms be discussed with a medical provider. (dianalegal.com)
Learn visual symptoms and conditions associated with acquired brain injury, including visual/vision perceptual dysfunctions. (lynnhellerstein.com)
Those brain trauma symptoms are unstoppable as these traumatic brain injuries tend to progress. (ehlinelaw.com)
But some medical treatments exist to help alleviate the symptoms of these brain injuries. (ehlinelaw.com)
The investigators will evaluate the improvement of chronic TBI symptoms after interventions. (clinicaltrials.gov)
The investigators will evaluate the improvement of chronic mTBI symptoms using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)-based injury markers, cognitive functions, and real-world functioning questionnaires. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Although amateur boxing is less dangerous, significant trends in brain injury symptoms correlate with the number of bouts fought. (cdc.gov)
87 percent of those examined have symptoms of chronic brain damage. (cdc.gov)
A considerable chronic symptoms that children were suf- number of children work in these workshops fering from. (who.int)
17.5%), chronic backache (16.5%), breath- lessness (13.5%) and no symptoms in 23.0% cases. (who.int)
Postconcussive" symptoms in persons with chronic pain. (bvsalud.org)
Neuroscientists ID'd three brain circuits in the thalamus that influence the development of motor and nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson's. (ptproductsonline.com)
Damage or pressure to the vagus nerve after a brain injury can contribute to inflammation and symptoms similar to other post brain injury conditions. (hopeafterbraininjury.org)
We briefly review the definition and classification issues related to TBI, as well as common acute and chronic health symptoms after TBI. (va.gov)

I think the biggest difference is in the area of concussions or mild traumatic brain injury, and this has been pushed out to our line leaders, clinicians, patients, service members, and veterans to be aware of the effects of mild traumatic brain injury," Pyne said. (health.mil)
The severity of a traumatic brain injury (TBI) may range from "mild" (i.e., a brief change in mental status or consciousness) to "severe" (i.e., an extended period of unconsciousness or amnesia after the injury). (brainline.org)
Reasons for judgement were published today by the BC Supreme Court, Vancouver Registry, assessing damages for a mild traumatic brain injury and chronic pain sustained in a BC vehicle collision. (bc-injury-law.com)
CTE is thought to develop over many years after repeated brain injuries that may be mild or severe. (mayoclinic.org)
The purpose of this study is to teach us more about why some people often experience headaches after having a mild traumatic brain injury. (allinforhealth.info)
We want to determine whether certain factors place individuals more at risk for experiencing headaches after a mild traumatic brain injury including pain sensitivity, how the body adapts to pain, levels of inflammation in our blood, and changes in brain structure and function. (allinforhealth.info)
A study by doctors at Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine provides additional support that use of Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) may be clinically helpful to patients with mild Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI) because it shows possible evidence of brain repair in post-injury patients. (braininjurylawblog.com)
In almost every case in which I represent a client who has sustained a mild traumatic brain injury (TBI), the defense courtroom doctors write that my clients have not, in fact, suffered permanent injuries as everyone who suffers a mild traumatic brain injury goes on to eventually and uneventfully recover. (braininjurylawblog.com)
Despite study after study demonstrating long term effects from mild traumatic brain injury (concussions), it is astounding that defense courtroom doctors still maintain that there are no permanent residuals from mild traumatic brain injury. (braininjurylawblog.com)
The investigators will recruit military veterans with mild-to-moderate chronic TBI (at least 3 months post injury). (clinicaltrials.gov)
An entirely new section is devoted to the evaluation and treatment of mild TBI, including injuries in athletes, military service members and veterans, and children and adolescents. (appi.org)
Mild traumatic brain injury (mild TBI) is associated with dysfunctional brain network and accumulating evidence is pointing to the caudate as a vulnerable hub region. (frontiersin.org)
In the current study, 50 patients with mild TBI received resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging as well as neuropsychological assessments within 7 days post-injury (acute phase) and 1 month later (subacute phase). (frontiersin.org)
Furthermore, patients with mild TBI presented the reduced functional connectivity between the left dorsal caudate and the ventral lateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) compared with healthy controls at acute phase while this difference became no significance and return to the normal level following 1 month post-injury subacute phase. (frontiersin.org)
Along the same line, patients with mild TBI presented the impaired performance on the information processing speed and more complaints on the pain impact index at acute phase compared with healthy controls but showed no significant difference at the follow-up 1 month post-injury subacute phase. (frontiersin.org)
Mild traumatic brain injury (mild TBI) is a vital public health care problem ( 1 ), accounting for almost 80% of traumatic brain injuries ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
These cognitive and emotion deficits have been suggested to be caused by damages to brain functional connectivity ( 10 - 14 ), particularly due to disconnections of vital network hubs ( 15 , 16 ) following mild TBI. (frontiersin.org)
What are The Signs of a Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI)? (experts.com)
Mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI) make up around 75-80% of all TBI cases. (experts.com)
Antisaccades and remembered saccades in mild traumatic brain injury. (medscape.com)
Voelker R. Taking a Closer Look at the Biomarker Test for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. (medscape.com)
Topography of axonal injury as defined by amyloid precursor protein and the sector scoring method in mild and severe closed head injury. (medscape.com)
They can range from mild concussions to brain contusions, a shattered piece of skull, and more. (rafilawfirm.com)
In his clinic, he helps people with insomnia, traumatic brain injury, post-traumatic stress, chronic fatigue, mild autism and epilepsy - often without medication. (capitaldistrictneurofeedback.com)

Individuals with a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) are at increased risk for a number of disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. (utmb.edu)
A TBI can also cause epilepsy and increase the risk for conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and other brain disorders. (brainline.org)
Brain injuries are also well-known to cause life-altering mental health disorders such as depression, as seen extensively in veteran populations. (singletracks.com)
Dementia is a chronic or persistent disorder of the mental processes caused by brain disease or injury and marked by memory disorders, personality changes, and impaired reasoning. (pokernews.com)
Brain injury includes a number of conditions and disorders that result in impairment to the brain and its functions. (synapse.org.au)
When we use the term 'brain injury' it is intended to cover both acquired brain injuries and degenerative brain disorders. (synapse.org.au)
Brain injury also occurs through degenerative brain disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. (synapse.org.au)
For example, while degenerative disorders typically impact the body's ability to control movement, other brain injuries may have an impact on cognition, personality and behaviour. (synapse.org.au)
Musk's Neuralink is one of many groups working on linking brains to computers, efforts aimed at helping treat brain disorders, overcoming brain injuries and other applications. (fox10tv.com)

Many older adults suffer from health conditions, such as Alzheimer's, dementia, and chronic diseases. (pintas.com)
A broad range of chronic neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's chorea, stroke (multi-infarct) dementia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and AIDS dementia are now believed to be caused, at least in part, by the excitotoxic action of GLU/ASP (1-3, 7-10). (antiaging-nutrition.com)
Something that could change the landscape of how brain injuries of all varieties-from chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's-will eventually be treated. (kannalife.com)
Cortical degeneration in chronic traumatic encephalopathy and Alzheimer's disease neuropathologic change. (aston.ac.uk)

It used to be, if you were able to play through them (brain injuries or concussions), you played through them. (health.mil)
A new NCHS report presents national estimates of lifetime symptomatology and health care professional diagnoses of concussions or brain injuries as reported by a knowledgeable adult, usually a parent, in children aged 0-17 years using data from the 2020 National Health Interview Survey. (cdc.gov)
Did you know there was a time the NFL, with help from the NIH, was able to argue that contact sports made players less likely to suffer concussions or traumatic brain injury ? (ehlinelaw.com)
He specializes in providing comprehensive psychological and neuropsychological evaluations for a variety of conditions including dementia, Alzheimer.s disease, complications from a stroke, traumatic brain injury, concussions, learning disabilities, ADHD, and PTSD in clinical, civil, and criminal cases. (experts.com)
The lawsuit brought against the NFL by former players will determine how much the NFL knew about the risk of traumatic brain injury and the cumulative effects of TBI in players who have sustained multiple concussions. (traumaticbraininjury.net)

If CTE is the latent effect of a disease, it would be the continuation and increased severity of a brain injury that worsens over time. (courtnewsohio.gov)
Experts are still trying to understand how repeated head traumas - including how many head injuries and the severity of those injuries - and other factors might contribute to the changes in the brain that result in CTE . (mayoclinic.org)
Depending on the severity of the collision, a traumatic blow or jolt of the brain may result in long-term and permanent injuries. (dianalegal.com)
Is Traumatic Brain Injury Severity in Service Members and Ve. (lww.com)
Is Traumatic Brain Injury Severity in Service Members and Veterans Related to Health-Related Quality of Life in Their Caregivers? (lww.com)
To examine the relationship between service member/veteran (SM/V) traumatic brain injury (TBI) severity with caregiver health-related quality of life (HRQOL). (lww.com)
8 Clinical research has demonstrated that TBI seriously hinders all health domains regardless of the initial injury severity. (nursingcenter.com)
Factors that determine your claim's value can include evidence of fault, the severity of injuries suffered, and the need for future medical care. (pintas.com)

In the decade leading up to 2009, an estimated 173,285 children and adolescents 19 and younger were treated during emergency department visits for sports and recreation-related traumatic brain injuries (TBIs). (braininjurylawblog.com)
There are two forms of TBIs - an open head injury and a closed head injury. (phillipslaw.com)
One area of concern is the incidence and prevalence of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) in older adults. (nursingcenter.com)

An Ohioan who played football for the University of Notre Dame in the 1970s sue d the school for failing to protect him from head injuries that turned into a chronic disease decades later. (courtnewsohio.gov)
The parties argue the distinction between characterizing CTE, a certain type of brain injury associated with football and other contact sports, as a "latent disease" or a "latent effect" of an injury. (courtnewsohio.gov)
CTE is a brain disease that can only be diagnosed after death. (cdc.gov)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. (cdc.gov)
This pattern is consistent with TBI, inducing a chronic disease state in patients. (utmb.edu)
Understanding the mechanisms causing the chronic disease state could lead to new treatments for its prevention. (utmb.edu)
According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, about 1.7 million people sustain a TBI each year in the U.S. and of those, 52,000 die due to their injuries. (phillipslaw.com)
A recent autopsy of a former NFL lineman from Pennsylvania who killed himself at the age of 25 shows the athlete had chronic traumatic encephalopathy, a neurodegenerative brain disease related to repeated brain injuries. (traumaticbraininjury.net)
In fact, falls account for over one million injuries every year in the United States, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . (hsinjurylaw.com)
You may have experienced acute pain from an injury such as a cut or a broken limb or from disease or inflammation in the body. (medlineplus.gov)
Chronic conditions resulting from some of these pregnancy complications are chronic pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, ectopic pregnancy and obstetric fistula. (who.int)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of death and disability in the general population. (bmj.com)

While these certainly include a number of common orthopedic complaints such as neck, back, knee and shoulder pain and dysfunction, Dr. Nuzzi has also worked successfully with chronic health problems such as digestive, allergic, and immune system issues. (biacolorado.org)
Early recognition of vagus nerve dysfunction after a traumatic brain injury could improve patients' risk of long-term health complications. (hopeafterbraininjury.org)
The pain may be due to an injury, or it may be caused by a brain dysfunction that fails to process signals associated with pain. (cravetexas.com)
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to lasting brain dysfunction with chronic neuroinflammation typified by nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation in microglia. (bvsalud.org)
Thus, an optimal IN dose of hMSC-EVs naturally enriched with activated microglia-modulating miRNAs can inhibit the chronic activation of NLRP3-p38/MAPK signaling after TBI and prevent lasting brain dysfunction. (bvsalud.org)
Chronic pain sometimes has a clear cause, such as an acute injury, a long illness, or damage to and dysfunction of your nervous system. (medlineplus.gov)

There is evidence that melatonin treatment after traumatic brain injury significantly improves both behavioural outcomes and pathological outcomes. (greenmedinfo.com)
Outcomes from this study will include educational materials on chronic pain and pain treatment to benefit patients, family members, clinicians, and policymakers. (hhs.gov)
Now, MU health psychology researchers have found that religious and spiritual support improves health outcomes for both men and women who face chronic health conditions. (medicalxpress.com)
This study probed whether a single intranasal (IN) administration of human mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (hMSC-EVs) naturally enriched with activated microglia-modulating miRNAs can avert chronic adverse outcomes of TBI. (bvsalud.org)

Navy Capt. (Dr.) Scott Pyne sees March's Brain Injury Awareness Month as an opportunity to highlight what the Traumatic Brain Injury Center of Excellence does all year long. (health.mil)
This work is supported by funding from the Traumatic Brain Injury Center of Excellence (TBICoE). (lww.com)

On the combat side, Pyne said that post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and brain injuries often go hand-in-hand. (health.mil)
You can have PTSD without having a traumatic brain injury, and you can have a traumatic brain injury without PTSD, but sometimes they come together. (health.mil)
We're finding that people who have an isolated traumatic brain injury do a lot better than those that have a traumatic brain injury and PTSD," Pyne said. (health.mil)
Victims may experience chronic anxiety, depression, loss of enjoyment of life, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). (rafilawfirm.com)

Evidence is showing that the more complexly your brain is wired, it makes it more likely that if you do develop dementia, it will develop more slowly,' Eisenberg says. (pokernews.com)

Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted of 154 patients suffering from chronic neurocognitive damage due to TBI, who had undergone computerised cognitive evaluations pre-HBOT and post-HBOT treatment. (bmj.com)
Brain damage was diagnosed in 87 percent of donated brains of 202 football players, including all but one of 111 brains of National Football League athletes. (theverge.com)
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, or CTE, is the term for brain damage that occurs after repeated blunt impact, like head tackles in football. (theverge.com)
An open head injury occurs when an object pierces the skull, entering the brain and causing damage. (phillipslaw.com)
Release of biochemical markers of damage to neuronal and glial brain tissue is associated with short and long term neuropsychological outcome after traumatic brain injury. (medscape.com)
We investigated the effects of preconditioning exercise on brain damage and sensorimotor function after SAH. (bvsalud.org)
Johns Hopkins researchers claim to have found significant evidence to link specific memory deficits found in former NFL players with accumulated brain damage using an assortment of imaging and cognitive tests. (traumaticbraininjury.net)
However, sometimes ear wax buildup causes permanent damage, resulting in chronic tinnitus. (banishtinnitus.net)
Experimental NMDA - GLU receptor blockers such as MK-801 (dizocilpine) have also demonstrated the ability to reduce or eliminate brain damage from acute conditions such as stroke, ischaemia/hypoxia/anoxia, severe hypoglycaemia, spinal cord injury and head trauma (1-3). (antiaging-nutrition.com)

Dueling conditions can cause significant suffering and confusion for patients with traumatic brain injuries. (hopeafterbraininjury.org)
If the results in mice can be reproduced in people, patients with traumatic brain injuries could receive the BCAAs in a drink. (pursuitofresearch.org)

Posted in ICBC Brain Injury Cases , ICBC Chronic Pain Cases . (bc-injury-law.com)
After a traumatic brain injury (TBI), a large number of individuals experience chronic pain (i.e., pain that lasts at least three months) that may or may not be directly related to the TBI. (hhs.gov)
Over 70% of non-military individuals and 80% of active military and veterans have reported chronic pain after TBI. (hhs.gov)
Living with chronic pain impacts almost all aspects of a person's life: physical function, concentration and memory, sleep, and feelings of depression, anxiety and irritability. (hhs.gov)
It has been difficult to identify effective treatments because large studies of individuals with TBI and chronic pain have not been conducted. (hhs.gov)
and 3) Identify treatment practices by clinicians who treat comorbid TBI and chronic pain to determine gaps in availability/accessibility of guideline level treatment, highlighting underserved populations where applicable. (hhs.gov)
Results from this study will provide a more detailed picture of the problem of chronic pain after TBI by examining the types of pain that occur after TBI, which may be multiple types of pain for a subset of individuals, as well as the frequency of comorbid conditions. (hhs.gov)
Identifying extreme phenotypes, such as demographic, individual, and treatment factors associated with those who have chronic pain but have minimal interference compared to those who are significantly impacted by pain, will allow us to identify treatment targets (behavioral, cognitive, biological, and molecular) to advance a personalized medicine approach to treatment unlike any approach in TBI and chronic pain to date. (hhs.gov)
The chronic pain you may endure could last for months, or even years. (hsinjurylaw.com)
Later, for reasons nobody really gets, the pain tends to turn chronic. (carrollslaws.com)
Chronic pain is not an easy thing to treat. (carrollslaws.com)
Where there is brain injury and chronic pain, there is depression. (carrollslaws.com)
You aren't going to find a single one with people with SCD (around 0.03% of the population), two strokes, bone infarction, bad kidneys, iron overload from multiple transfusions, chronic pain, and depression. (carrollslaws.com)
UVA Health researchers are pioneering a new way to treat chronic pain that does not respond to medication. (ptproductsonline.com)
For control of chronic pain, administer oxycodone hydrochloride tablets on a regularly scheduled basis, at the lowest dosage level to achieve adequate analgesia. (nih.gov)
From broken or fractured bones to spinal injuries, internal bleeding, and more, some common truck accident injuries can wreak havoc on a person's life and cause an enormous amount of pain, suffering, and expenses. (rafilawfirm.com)
Chronic back pain and mobility issues can spur the need for a lawsuit after a truck accident. (rafilawfirm.com)
Near-infrared light therapy has been consistently shown in clinical trials to be effective for treating sports injuries, overuse injuries, osteoarthritis, chronic low back pain, neuropathic pain, and even broken bones. (juvawave.com)
A 2012 study by Chinese researchers observed the effects of NIR light on chronic pain , when used with nerve block (NB) or local block (LB). (juvawave.com)
Chronic pain is a common affliction and is a challenge to deal with. (cravetexas.com)
Pain begins in the nerve cells and travels to the spinal cord, where a message is sent to the brain. (cravetexas.com)
While acute pain may be temporary, chronic pain is ongoing. (cravetexas.com)
In addition to physical injury, the presence of depression and stress may increase the pain. (cravetexas.com)
Although it is difficult to control chronic pain, it is possible to treat it. (cravetexas.com)
Chronic pain can be difficult to deal with, and is a common problem for people of all ages. (cravetexas.com)
According to U.S. national survey data, military veterans are twice as likely as non-veterans to suffer from chronic pain. (cravetexas.com)
It may feel like the pain is happening in your foot, your eye, or your head, but your brain shapes how you experience pain and how you respond to it. (medlineplus.gov)
Chronic pain is pain that lasts much longer―usually months and sometimes even years. (medlineplus.gov)
You can experience neuropathic pain from injuries or illness that affect the spinal cord and brain (for example, a slipped disc in your spine) or the peripheral nervous system (the nerves throughout the rest of your body). (medlineplus.gov)
Inflammatory pain is pain that happens when your immune system activates in response to injury or infection. (medlineplus.gov)
You don't become aware of pain until your brain processes it. (medlineplus.gov)
When a part of your body is injured, special pain receptors from that area release chemicals called neurotransmitters, which send messages to your brain. (medlineplus.gov)
When pain continues for a long time―such as during a long illness or after a serious injury―it can cause changes to your nervous system, which make you more sensitive to pain. (medlineplus.gov)

Conclusions In the largest published cohort of patients suffering from chronic deficits post-TBI of all severities, HBOT was associated with significant cognitive improvements. (bmj.com)
Neuropsychological deficits, including impairments in learning and memory, occur after spinal cord injury (SCI). (umaryland.edu)

Many other health problems, such as viral infections, diabetes, and chronic illness, could contribute to a poorly functioning vagus nerve. (hopeafterbraininjury.org)
No other illness that may impact day-to-day functioning and engagement with activities (e.g. chronic fatigue syndrome). (edu.au)
It can be due to a variety of causes, including injury, illness, or an ongoing condition. (cravetexas.com)

Factors affecting oral feeding with severe traumatic brain injury. (medscape.com)

While some individuals recover function within months after injury, others continue to suffer from cognitive problems months to years later and may not become evident immediately, particularly for the recently transitioned veteran. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Phillips Law Group's traumatic brain injury lawyers in Phoenix understand the difficulties brain injury victims suffer. (phillipslaw.com)
If you are on someone else's property and suffer one of these injuries, the landowner or business proprietor (i.e. company) may be held liable for your injury. (hsinjurylaw.com)
What if you suffer a low back injury? (hsinjurylaw.com)
Unfortunately, some injuries that older adults suffer in nursing homes are preventable. (pintas.com)
The Institute of Neural Regeneration and Tissue Engineering was founded with the goal of improving the lives of people who suffer from strokes, spinal cord injuries, traumatic brain injuries, neurodegenerative diseases, and other acute and chronic conditions. (neuralregeneration.org)

The Incompass Human Rights Committee promotes and protects the human and civil rights of people with acquired or chronic disabilities, including Autism, brain injuries, and intellectual and developmental disabilities. (incompasshs.org)

For our newest edition of 2022 WSOP Featured Females , we interviewed bracelet winner Lara Eisenberg, a radiologist who shared some insight into poker's effect on the brain long-term and if Daniel Negreanu was correct when he insinuated that women aren't wired to be interested in poker . (pokernews.com)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI), also known as acquired brain injury, head injury, or brain injury, causes substantial disability and mortality. (medscape.com)
We conducted a multi-site, prospective trial in chronic TBI patients (∼18 years post-TBI) living in long-term 24-h care environments and local controls without a history of head injury. (utmb.edu)
See your doctor if you've had a head injury, even if you didn't need emergency care. (mayoclinic.org)
If your child has received a head injury that concerns you, call your child's doctor immediately. (mayoclinic.org)
Following a car accident there are two instances in which a closed head injury can result. (dianalegal.com)
If you sustained a head injury in accident or have been struggling with Fatigue and Chronic Loss of Energy following a car accident, we invite you to call us today at 619-432-5145 for a free consultation with one of our experienced San Diego Traumatic Brain Injury attorneys. (dianalegal.com)
We aren't afraid to fight against them to further your head injury claim. (ehlinelaw.com)
A closed head injury occurs from blunt force trauma to the head. (phillipslaw.com)
Also tell your doctor if you have or have ever had a head injury, brain tumor, or any condition that increases the amount of pressure in your brain. (medlineplus.gov)
Here is what PTA looks like following a closed head injury. (experts.com)
Munjal SK, Panda NK, Pathak A. Dynamics of Hearing Status in Closed Head Injury. (medscape.com)
Ellenberg JH, Levin HS, Saydjari C. Posttraumatic Amnesia as a predictor of outcome after severe closed head injury. (medscape.com)
Minor head injury: 13 is an unlucky number. (medscape.com)
Initial CT findings in 753 patients with severe head injury. (medscape.com)
Thalamic nuclei after human blunt head injury. (medscape.com)
Neuropathology in vegetative and severely disabled patients after head injury. (medscape.com)
CSF neurotransmitter metabolites and short-term outcome of patients in coma after head injury. (medscape.com)
Factors affecting excitatory amino acid release following severe human head injury. (medscape.com)

CTE is a degenerative condition linked to repeated head injuries. (brainline.org)

Evaluations of cognition (neuropsychological testing), brain (MRI), real life functional ability (survey data), and real life performance data (multiple errands tasks) will be gathered pre- and post-intervention to evaluate cognitive, brain-based, and real life functional improvements. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Neuropsychological assessment, psychotherapy, and rehabilitation management for brain injured patients. (biacolorado.org)
Neuropsychological evaluations for traumatic brain injury are one of the more common types of evaluations that we complete. (experts.com)
The goal of this blog post is to talk about the leading causes of TBI, how a TBI is diagnosed, how a TBI impacts your brain, and how a neuropsychological evaluation for a traumatic brain injury can help you. (experts.com)

A 2018 review in Surgical Neurology International indicates that CBD may reduce inflammation in the brain by indirectly interacting with CB2 receptors. (medicalnewstoday.com)
In a 2018 study in the journal PLOS ONE, three participants with paralysis below the neck affecting all of their limbs used an experimental brain-computer interface being tested by the consortium BrainGate. (fox10tv.com)

Neuroinflammation in the injured spinal cord and brain was assessed using flow cytometry and NanoString technology. (umaryland.edu)
Results: Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that PLX5622 pre-treatment significantly reduced the number of microglia, as well as infiltrating monocytes and neutrophils, and decreased reactive oxygen species production in these cells from injured spinal cord at 2-days post-injury. (umaryland.edu)
Following six weeks of PLX5622 treatment, there were substantial changes in the spinal cord and brain transcriptomes, including those involved in neuroinflammation. (umaryland.edu)
Conclusion: These findings indicate that pharmacological microglia-deletion reduces neuroinflammation in the injured spinal cord and brain, improving recovery of cognition, depressive-like behavior, and motor function. (umaryland.edu)
The study examined the role of gender in using spirituality/religiosity to cope with chronic health conditions and disabilities, including spinal cord injury, brain injury, stroke and cancer. (medicalxpress.com)
He said he also envisions that in someone with a broken neck, signals from the brain could be bridged to Neuralink devices in the spinal cord. (fox10tv.com)
A recent study in the journal Nature, by scientists at the Swiss research center NeuroRestore, identified a type of neuron activated by electrical stimulation of the spinal cord, allowing nine patients with chronic spinal cord injury to walk again. (fox10tv.com)
Excitotoxins are biochemical substances (usually amino acids, amino acid analogs, or amino acid derivatives) that can react with specialized neuronal receptors - GLU receptors - in the brain or spinal cord in such a way as to cause injury or death to a wide variety of neurons (1-3, 8-10). (antiaging-nutrition.com)
The messages travel along nerves to the spinal cord and eventually to the brain, telling it, "Something might be wrong here, pay attention! (medlineplus.gov)

He's also got a grinding chronic depression, and partly due to all the dirt SCD does to your insides, our options for medications are limited and we're already pretty deep into that bag of tricks. (carrollslaws.com)

Researchers at the University of South Florida set out to assess the impact of nutrient intake on recovery from chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) in a mouse model. (datasci.com)
In brains with CTE , researchers have found that there is a buildup of a protein called tau around the blood vessels. (mayoclinic.org)
Researchers have also been working on brain and machine interfaces for restoring vision. (fox10tv.com)

In his book, titled "Why Isn't My Brain Working," author and Harvard Medical School trained researcher Dr. Datis Kharrazian Ph.D., DHSc, DC, MS, MMSc, FACN, explains the overwhelming impact neuroinflammation has on the gut-brain axis. (hopeafterbraininjury.org)

Effects of robotic therapy on motor impairment and recovery in chronic stroke[J]. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2003, 84(4): 477-482. (sia.cn)

Inhibition of the chronic activation of NLRP3-p38/MAPK signaling after TBI also prevented long-term cognitive and mood impairments. (bvsalud.org)

It occurs when a sudden trauma damages the brain and disrupts normal brain function. (medscape.com)
After a truck accident occurs, injuries are one of the first things to address. (rafilawfirm.com)

Oxidative stress, inflammation, and neuronal apoptosis are important in the pathogenesis of early brain injury (EBI) following SAH. (bvsalud.org)

The Textbook of Traumatic Brain Injury is a must-read for all of those working in any of the multitude of disciplines that contribute to the care and rehabilitation of persons with brain injury. (appi.org)
Neurologic music therapy improves executive function and emotional adjustment in traumatic brain injury rehabilitation. (greenmedinfo.com)
With head and brain injuries, long-term therapy is often needed, and rehabilitation can be expensive and challenging. (rafilawfirm.com)
Mental injuries can be sued for just as physical injuries are, so the at-fault party can pay for treatment, rehabilitation, and more. (rafilawfirm.com)

These degenerative, traumatic brain injuries are also rare diseases that progressively deteriorate your brain. (ehlinelaw.com)
Brain tumours, infections or brain diseases like Meningitis and Encephalitis can also result in brain injury. (synapse.org.au)

Biodynamic Cranial Therapy-In 28 years of practice, Dr. Nuzzi has developed an eclectic method of working with patients to address and resolve a number of acute and chronic health issues. (biacolorado.org)

In the present study, we examined the effect of pharmacological depletion of microglia on posttraumatic cognition, depressive-like behavior, and brain pathology after SCI in mice. (umaryland.edu)
Chronic TBI cases may include persistent difficulties in cognition that negatively impact employment and personal relationships. (clinicaltrials.gov)

The efficacy of the active compared to control intervention will be evaluated in 100 chronic TBI veterans. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Acknowledging the Risk for Traumatic Brain Injury in Women Veterans. (va.gov)
Blast-mediated traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of injury for Veterans. (grantome.com)

In 2014, he and his wife, Yvette, file d a personal-injury lawsuit against Notre Dame and the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). (courtnewsohio.gov)
While the common pleas court found the lawsuit was filed after the statute of limitations for a personal injury lawsuit passed, the Eighth District Court of Appeals disagreed and indicated the suit could move forward. (courtnewsohio.gov)
This blog is authored by personal injury and ICBC Claims lawyer Erik Magraken. (bc-injury-law.com)
Our accident and personal injury practice serves as many as 2,000 clients per year, and every case is supervised by a certified trial lawyer. (braininjurylawblog.com)
Ultimately, I'll be glad to discuss personal injury settlements and the success lawyers have had in this burgeoning field of tort law. (ehlinelaw.com)
Below, our very best Los Angeles personal injury lawyer discusses the brain condition that exposed the NIH and NFL as corrupt, money-driven organizations with politically campaign donation-funded U.S. government licenses to deceive U.S. taxpayers under the guise of public health. (ehlinelaw.com)
talk to someone who does a lot of personal injury work for injured people -- not the local real estate lawyer, and not some guy who usually works for insurance companies. (desalvolaw.com)
She assists legal teams with navigating medical records and understanding terminology for legal cases such as medical malpractice, personal injury, insurance fraud, and worker's compensation. (experts.com)
We have helped obtain adequate compensation for many personal injury victims, including more than $7 million in damages for a client who suffered a brain injury after a motorcycle accident . (phillipslaw.com)
If any of these injuries happened to your loved one as a result of negligence, you may be considering filing a personal injury claim against the nursing home. (pintas.com)
There are circumstances where you can file a medical malpractice or personal injury lawsuit against the nursing home. (pintas.com)

The study's results establish a translatable model for assessing and treating brain injuries post-trauma. (datasci.com)
In both instances the brain experiences trauma as a result of a sudden violent motion causing the brain to knock against the skull. (dianalegal.com)
A traumatic brain injury (TBI) is any type of disruption to normal brain function, typically caused by a bump, blow, jolt, or other trauma to the head. (phillipslaw.com)
Blunt force trauma makes up around 15% of head injuries. (experts.com)
The military recipe for "burning the candle at both ends" includes high-intensity physical fitness training, the high stress of operations and being away from home, the trauma of witnessing death, war or injury. (militarywellness.org)

Many brain injury patients experience acute seizures that often lead to epilepsy and cognitive impairment. (datasci.com)
Cochrane Abstracts , Evidence Central , evidence.unboundmedicine.com/evidence/view/Cochrane/432386/all/Pharmacotherapy_for_chronic_cognitive_impairment_in_traumatic_brain_injury:_Cochrane_systematic_review. (unboundmedicine.com)

Modernly, it is accepted that professional athletes are at greater risk because repeated blows to the body and head can carry a high risk of receiving an insidious type of traumatic brain injury called Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE). (ehlinelaw.com)

The need to separate Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy neuropathology from clinical features. (cdc.gov)

Post-Traumatic Amnesia (PTA) is a state of confusion and memory loss right after a traumatic brain injury. (experts.com)

For that reason the vast majority of brain injuries resulting from car accidents are not diagnosed at the initial signs of TBI. (dianalegal.com)
The dedicated attorneys at our firm are prepared to help with brain injury cases caused by auto accidents, motorcycle collisions, bus or train accidents, truck accidents, construction accidents, medical malpractice, and more. (phillipslaw.com)
Motor vehicle accidents make up around 14% of all head injuries. (experts.com)
Falls are one of the leading accidents which result in injury. (hsinjurylaw.com)
Truck accidents cause a wide range of back and neck injuries. (rafilawfirm.com)
Truck accidents often result in head and brain injuries. (rafilawfirm.com)

Chronic TBI patients had significantly lower circulating concentrations of numerous individual amino acids, as well as essential amino acids (p = 0.03) and large neutral amino acids (p = 0.003) considered as groups, and displayed fundamentally altered cytokine-amino acid relationships. (utmb.edu)
In addition, her injuries have significantly impacted her recreational and social pursuits but she has not been completely unable to participate in some of these activities. (bc-injury-law.com)
While not as obvious as a physical injury, emotional distress and other psychological injuries can impact a victim's life just as significantly. (rafilawfirm.com)

There are many ways to cope with chronic discomfort. (cravetexas.com)

Katherine Perlberg, a physical therapist at Landstuhl Regional Medical Center's Traumatic Brain Injury Clinic, performs a balancing test on Navy Petty Officer 2nd Class John Toomer, a hospital corpsman from Naval Hospital Naples, during Landstuhl Regional Medical Center's Virtual Health Presenters Course, Sept. 3. (health.mil)
Football and ice hockey players, as well as military personnel serving in war zones, have been the focus of most CTE studies, though other sports and factors such as physical abuse also can lead to repetitive head injuries. (mayoclinic.org)
Additionally, 53 percent of today's youth believe service members leave service with some physical injury. (army.mil)
a permanent physical disability and injury and being sent by parents (26.5%) (Table that caused anatomical distortion. (who.int)
Brain injuries are often called the 'hidden disability' because, although people can experience significant changes in how they think, feel and relate to others, there may be no outward physical signs of injury. (synapse.org.au)
Allostatic load" is the cost on your body of chronic stress and physical demands of a career with the military special forces, according to Science Direct . (militarywellness.org)

The prevalence of injuries and chronic health conditions in this aging cohort has significant implications for the health care system. (nursingcenter.com)

You will also be directed to a link to receive a free consultation with one of my highly talented brain injury lawyers in Los Angeles . (ehlinelaw.com)
Our Phoenix traumatic brain injury lawyers can help obtain the compensation you need and the justice you deserve. (phillipslaw.com)
A team of lawyers on your side can investigate your family member's injuries and analyze what transpired. (pintas.com)

Anatomy28

Organisms8

Diseases101

Chemicals and Drugs14

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment51

Psychiatry and Psychology13

Phenomena and Processes28

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Humanities2

Information Science7

Named Groups2

Health Care28

A(2A) adenosine receptor deficiency attenuates brain injury induced by transient focal ischemia in mice. (1/72)

Reversible neuropsychological deficits after mild traumatic brain injury. (2/72)

Visual search and visual working memory in patients with chronic focal cortical lesions. (3/72)

The structural basis of moderate disability after traumatic brain damage. (4/72)

Effectiveness of bed rest after mild traumatic brain injury: a randomised trial of no versus six days of bed rest. (5/72)

Increased diffusion in the brain of professional boxers: a preclinical sign of traumatic brain injury? (6/72)

Diffuse axonal injury associated with chronic traumatic brain injury: evidence from T2*-weighted gradient-echo imaging at 3 T. (7/72)

Diffusion-weighted imaging of acute corticospinal tract injury preceding Wallerian degeneration in the maturing human brain. (8/72)

Brain Injuries

Wounds and Injuries

Brain Injury, Chronic

Brain Chemistry

Brain

Athletic Injuries

Diffuse Axonal Injury

Reperfusion Injury

Injury Severity Score

Spinal Cord Injuries

Blast Injuries

Brain Edema

Glasgow Coma Scale

Brain Neoplasms

Brain Ischemia

Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain

Brain Mapping

Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Brain Concussion

Head Injuries, Closed

Trauma Severity Indices

Disease Models, Animal

Neuroprotective Agents

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Head Injuries, Penetrating

Recovery of Function

Brain Damage, Chronic

Leg Injuries

Hypoxia, Brain

Lung Injury

Cerebral Cortex

Neurons

Time Factors

Post-Concussion Syndrome

Glasgow Outcome Scale

Eye Injuries

Neck Injuries

Craniocerebral Trauma

Blood-Brain Barrier

Acute Lung Injury

Intracranial Pressure

Brain Stem

Mice, Inbred C57BL

Brain Infarction

Abdominal Injuries

Intracranial Hypertension

Acute Kidney Injury

Abbreviated Injury Scale

Cerebrovascular Circulation

Arm Injuries

Hypothermia, Induced

Wounds, Nonpenetrating

Thoracic Injuries

Hand Injuries

Hippocampus

Animals, Newborn

Accidents, Traffic

Spinal Injuries

Knee Injuries

Rats, Wistar

Neuropsychological Tests

Cognition Disorders

Immunohistochemistry

Astrocytes

Epilepsy, Post-Traumatic

Facial Injuries

Heart Injuries

Brain Abscess

Analysis of Variance

Persistent Vegetative State

Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery

Myocardial Reperfusion Injury

Maze Learning

S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit

Back Injuries

Soft Tissue Injuries

Behavior, Animal

Cell Death

Multiple Trauma

Drug-Induced Liver Injury