Brain injuries. Medical search

Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.

Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.

Conditions characterized by persistent brain damage or dysfunction as sequelae of cranial trauma. This disorder may result from DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY; INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES; BRAIN EDEMA; and other conditions. Clinical features may include DEMENTIA; focal neurologic deficits; PERSISTENT VEGETATIVE STATE; AKINETIC MUTISM; or COMA.

Changes in the amounts of various chemicals (neurotransmitters, receptors, enzymes, and other metabolites) specific to the area of the central nervous system contained within the head. These are monitored over time, during sensory stimulation, or under different disease states.

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

Injuries incurred during participation in competitive or non-competitive sports.

A relatively common sequela of blunt head injury, characterized by a global disruption of axons throughout the brain. Associated clinical features may include NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; PERSISTENT VEGETATIVE STATE; DEMENTIA; and other disorders.

Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in ischemic tissues resulting from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION), including swelling; HEMORRHAGE; NECROSIS; and damage from FREE RADICALS. The most common instance is MYOCARDIAL REPERFUSION INJURY.

An anatomic severity scale based on the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) and developed specifically to score multiple traumatic injuries. It has been used as a predictor of mortality.

Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).

Injuries resulting when a person is struck by particles impelled with violent force from an explosion. Blast causes pulmonary concussion and hemorrhage, laceration of other thoracic and abdominal viscera, ruptured ear drums, and minor effects in the central nervous system. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)

A scale that assesses the response to stimuli in patients with craniocerebral injuries. The parameters are eye opening, motor response, and verbal response.

Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.

Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.

A disorder characterized by a reduction of oxygen in the blood combined with reduced blood flow (ISCHEMIA) to the brain from a localized obstruction of a cerebral artery or from systemic hypoperfusion. Prolonged hypoxia-ischemia is associated with ISCHEMIC ATTACK, TRANSIENT; BRAIN INFARCTION; BRAIN EDEMA; COMA; and other conditions.

Imaging techniques used to colocalize sites of brain functions or physiological activity with brain structures.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

A nonspecific term used to describe transient alterations or loss of consciousness following closed head injuries. The duration of UNCONSCIOUSNESS generally lasts a few seconds, but may persist for several hours. Concussions may be classified as mild, intermediate, and severe. Prolonged periods of unconsciousness (often defined as greater than 6 hours in duration) may be referred to as post-traumatic coma (COMA, POST-HEAD INJURY). (From Rowland, Merritt's Textbook of Neurology, 9th ed, p418)

Traumatic injuries to the cranium where the integrity of the skull is not compromised and no bone fragments or other objects penetrate the skull and dura mater. This frequently results in mechanical injury being transmitted to intracranial structures which may produce traumatic brain injuries, hemorrhage, or cranial nerve injury. (From Rowland, Merritt's Textbook of Neurology, 9th ed, p417)

Systems for assessing, classifying, and coding injuries. These systems are used in medical records, surveillance systems, and state and national registries to aid in the collection and reporting of trauma.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

Drugs intended to prevent damage to the brain or spinal cord from ischemia, stroke, convulsions, or trauma. Some must be administered before the event, but others may be effective for some time after. They act by a variety of mechanisms, but often directly or indirectly minimize the damage produced by endogenous excitatory amino acids.

Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.

Head injuries which feature compromise of the skull and dura mater. These may result from gunshot wounds (WOUNDS, GUNSHOT), stab wounds (WOUNDS, STAB), and other forms of trauma.

A partial or complete return to the normal or proper physiologic activity of an organ or part following disease or trauma.

A condition characterized by long-standing brain dysfunction or damage, usually of three months duration or longer. Potential etiologies include BRAIN INFARCTION; certain NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ANOXIA, BRAIN; ENCEPHALITIS; certain NEUROTOXICITY SYNDROMES; metabolic disorders (see BRAIN DISEASES, METABOLIC); and other conditions.

General or unspecified injuries involving the leg.

A reduction in brain oxygen supply due to ANOXEMIA (a reduced amount of oxygen being carried in the blood by HEMOGLOBIN), or to a restriction of the blood supply to the brain, or both. Severe hypoxia is referred to as anoxia, and is a relatively common cause of injury to the central nervous system. Prolonged brain anoxia may lead to BRAIN DEATH or a PERSISTENT VEGETATIVE STATE. Histologically, this condition is characterized by neuronal loss which is most prominent in the HIPPOCAMPUS; GLOBUS PALLIDUS; CEREBELLUM; and inferior olives.

Damage to any compartment of the lung caused by physical, chemical, or biological agents which characteristically elicit inflammatory reaction. These inflammatory reactions can either be acute and dominated by NEUTROPHILS, or chronic and dominated by LYMPHOCYTES and MACROPHAGES.

The thin layer of GRAY MATTER on the surface of the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES that develops from the TELENCEPHALON and folds into gyri and sulchi. It reaches its highest development in humans and is responsible for intellectual faculties and higher mental functions.

The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

The organic and psychogenic disturbances observed after closed head injuries (HEAD INJURIES, CLOSED). Post-concussion syndrome includes subjective physical complaints (i.e. headache, dizziness), cognitive, emotional, and behavioral changes. These disturbances can be chronic, permanent, or late emerging.

A scale that assesses the outcome of serious craniocerebral injuries, based on the level of regained social functioning.

Damage or trauma inflicted to the eye by external means. The concept includes both surface injuries and intraocular injuries.

General or unspecified injuries to the neck. It includes injuries to the skin, muscles, and other soft tissues of the neck.

Traumatic injuries involving the cranium and intracranial structures (i.e., BRAIN; CRANIAL NERVES; MENINGES; and other structures). Injuries may be classified by whether or not the skull is penetrated (i.e., penetrating vs. nonpenetrating) or whether there is an associated hemorrhage.

Specialized non-fenestrated tightly-joined ENDOTHELIAL CELLS with TIGHT JUNCTIONS that form a transport barrier for certain substances between the cerebral capillaries and the BRAIN tissue.

A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).

Pressure within the cranial cavity. It is influenced by brain mass, the circulatory system, CSF dynamics, and skull rigidity.

The part of the brain that connects the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES with the SPINAL CORD. It consists of the MESENCEPHALON; PONS; and MEDULLA OBLONGATA.

Tissue NECROSIS in any area of the brain, including the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Brain infarction is the result of a cascade of events initiated by inadequate blood flow through the brain that is followed by HYPOXIA and HYPOGLYCEMIA in brain tissue. Damage may be temporary, permanent, selective or pan-necrosis.

General or unspecified injuries involving organs in the abdominal cavity.

Increased pressure within the cranial vault. This may result from several conditions, including HYDROCEPHALUS; BRAIN EDEMA; intracranial masses; severe systemic HYPERTENSION; PSEUDOTUMOR CEREBRI; and other disorders.

Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.

Classification system for assessing impact injury severity developed and published by the American Association for Automotive Medicine. It is the system of choice for coding single injuries and is the foundation for methods assessing multiple injuries or for assessing cumulative effects of more than one injury. These include Maximum AIS (MAIS), Injury Severity Score (ISS), and Probability of Death Score (PODS).

The circulation of blood through the BLOOD VESSELS of the BRAIN.

General or unspecified injuries involving the arm.

Abnormally low BODY TEMPERATURE that is intentionally induced in warm-blooded animals by artificial means. In humans, mild or moderate hypothermia has been used to reduce tissue damages, particularly after cardiac or spinal cord injuries and during subsequent surgeries.

Injuries caused by impact with a blunt object where there is no penetration of the skin.

General or unspecified injuries to the chest area.

General or unspecified injuries to the hand.

A curved elevation of GRAY MATTER extending the entire length of the floor of the TEMPORAL HORN of the LATERAL VENTRICLE (see also TEMPORAL LOBE). The hippocampus proper, subiculum, and DENTATE GYRUS constitute the hippocampal formation. Sometimes authors include the ENTORHINAL CORTEX in the hippocampal formation.

Refers to animals in the period of time just after birth.

Accidents on streets, roads, and highways involving drivers, passengers, pedestrians, or vehicles. Traffic accidents refer to AUTOMOBILES (passenger cars, buses, and trucks), BICYCLING, and MOTORCYCLES but not OFF-ROAD MOTOR VEHICLES; RAILROADS nor snowmobiles.

Injuries involving the vertebral column.

Injuries to the knee or the knee joint.

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

Tests designed to assess neurological function associated with certain behaviors. They are used in diagnosing brain dysfunction or damage and central nervous system disorders or injury.

Disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system - the largest and most numerous neuroglial cells in the brain and spinal cord. Astrocytes (from "star" cells) are irregularly shaped with many long processes, including those with "end feet" which form the glial (limiting) membrane and directly and indirectly contribute to the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER. They regulate the extracellular ionic and chemical environment, and "reactive astrocytes" (along with MICROGLIA) respond to injury.

Recurrent seizures causally related to CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA. Seizure onset may be immediate but is typically delayed for several days after the injury and may not occur for up to two years. The majority of seizures have a focal onset that correlates clinically with the site of brain injury. Cerebral cortex injuries caused by a penetrating foreign object (CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA, PENETRATING) are more likely than closed head injuries (HEAD INJURIES, CLOSED) to be associated with epilepsy. Concussive convulsions are nonepileptic phenomena that occur immediately after head injury and are characterized by tonic and clonic movements. (From Rev Neurol 1998 Feb;26(150):256-261; Sports Med 1998 Feb;25(2):131-6)

General or unspecified injuries to the soft tissue or bony portions of the face.

General or unspecified injuries to the heart.

A circumscribed collection of purulent exudate in the brain, due to bacterial and other infections. The majority are caused by spread of infected material from a focus of suppuration elsewhere in the body, notably the PARANASAL SINUSES, middle ear (see EAR, MIDDLE); HEART (see also ENDOCARDITIS, BACTERIAL), and LUNG. Penetrating CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA and NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES may also be associated with this condition. Clinical manifestations include HEADACHE; SEIZURES; focal neurologic deficits; and alterations of consciousness. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp712-6)

A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.

Vegetative state refers to the neurocognitive status of individuals with severe brain damage, in whom physiologic functions (sleep-wake cycles, autonomic control, and breathing) persist, but awareness (including all cognitive function and emotion) is abolished.

NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.

Damage to the MYOCARDIUM resulting from MYOCARDIAL REPERFUSION (restoration of blood flow to ischemic areas of the HEART.) Reperfusion takes place when there is spontaneous thrombolysis, THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY, collateral flow from other coronary vascular beds, or reversal of vasospasm.

Learning the correct route through a maze to obtain reinforcement. It is used for human or animal populations. (Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 6th ed)

A calcium-binding protein that is 92 AA long, contains 2 EF-hand domains, and is concentrated mainly in GLIAL CELLS. Elevation of S100B levels in brain tissue correlates with a role in neurological disorders.

General or unspecified injuries to the posterior part of the trunk. It includes injuries to the muscles of the back.

Injuries of tissue other than bone. The concept is usually general and does not customarily refer to internal organs or viscera. It is meaningful with reference to regions or organs where soft tissue (muscle, fat, skin) should be differentiated from bones or bone tissue, as "soft tissue injuries of the hand".

The observable response an animal makes to any situation.

The termination of the cell's ability to carry out vital functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, responsiveness, and adaptability.

Multiple physical insults or injuries occurring simultaneously.

A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, and chemicals from the environment.

Injuries sustained from incidents in the course of work-related activities.

A technique of inputting two-dimensional images into a computer and then enhancing or analyzing the imagery into a form that is more useful to the human observer.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition.

Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.

Wounds caused by objects penetrating the skin.

The production of a dense fibrous network of neuroglia; includes astrocytosis, which is a proliferation of astrocytes in the area of a degenerative lesion.

The third type of glial cell, along with astrocytes and oligodendrocytes (which together form the macroglia). Microglia vary in appearance depending on developmental stage, functional state, and anatomical location; subtype terms include ramified, perivascular, ameboid, resting, and activated. Microglia clearly are capable of phagocytosis and play an important role in a wide spectrum of neuropathologies. They have also been suggested to act in several other roles including in secretion (e.g., of cytokines and neural growth factors), in immunological processing (e.g., antigen presentation), and in central nervous system development and remodeling.

Damages to the CAROTID ARTERIES caused either by blunt force or penetrating trauma, such as CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; THORACIC INJURIES; and NECK INJURIES. Damaged carotid arteries can lead to CAROTID ARTERY THROMBOSIS; CAROTID-CAVERNOUS SINUS FISTULA; pseudoaneurysm formation; and INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY DISSECTION. (From Am J Forensic Med Pathol 1997, 18:251; J Trauma 1994, 37:473)

Injuries to the PERIPHERAL NERVES.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

Harm or hurt to the ankle or ankle joint usually inflicted by an external source.

An intermediate filament protein found only in glial cells or cells of glial origin. MW 51,000.

Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Loss of the ability to maintain awareness of self and environment combined with markedly reduced responsiveness to environmental stimuli. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp344-5)

Organic mental disorders in which there is impairment of the ability to maintain awareness of self and environment and to respond to environmental stimuli. Dysfunction of the cerebral hemispheres or brain stem RETICULAR FORMATION may result in this condition.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

Injuries to blood vessels caused by laceration, contusion, puncture, or crush and other types of injuries. Symptoms vary by site and mode of injuries and may include bleeding, bruising, swelling, pain, and numbness. It does not include injuries secondary to pathologic function or diseases such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS.

Assessment of sensory and motor responses and reflexes that is used to determine impairment of the nervous system.

Unforeseen occurrences, especially injuries in the course of work-related activities.

The use of diffusion ANISOTROPY data from diffusion magnetic resonance imaging results to construct images based on the direction of the faster diffusing molecules.

An armed intervention involving multi-national forces in the country of IRAQ.

A class of nerve fibers as defined by their structure, specifically the nerve sheath arrangement. The AXONS of the myelinated nerve fibers are completely encased in a MYELIN SHEATH. They are fibers of relatively large and varied diameters. Their NEURAL CONDUCTION rates are faster than those of the unmyelinated nerve fibers (NERVE FIBERS, UNMYELINATED). Myelinated nerve fibers are present in somatic and autonomic nerves.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Excision of part of the skull. This procedure is used to treat elevated intracranial pressure that is unresponsive to conventional treatment.

Injuries resulting in hemorrhage, usually manifested in the skin.

A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused. Coma generally occurs when there is dysfunction or injury involving both cerebral hemispheres or the brain stem RETICULAR FORMATION.

Bleeding within the brain as a result of penetrating and nonpenetrating CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA. Traumatically induced hemorrhages may occur in any area of the brain, including the CEREBRUM; BRAIN STEM (see BRAIN STEM HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC); and CEREBELLUM.

An infant during the first month after birth.

Behavioral manifestations of cerebral dominance in which there is preferential use and superior functioning of either the left or the right side, as in the preferred use of the right hand or right foot.

A disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in favor of the former, leading to potential damage. Indicators of oxidative stress include damaged DNA bases, protein oxidation products, and lipid peroxidation products (Sies, Oxidative Stress, 1991, pxv-xvi).

Disruption of structural continuity of the body as a result of the discharge of firearms.

Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.

Intellectual or mental process whereby an organism obtains knowledge.

Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.

Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes.

General or unspecified injuries involving the foot.

General or unspecified injuries involving the fingers.

An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.

The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).

Persons including soldiers involved with the armed forces.

Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.

Deeply perforating or puncturing type intraocular injuries.

Recording of electric currents developed in the brain by means of electrodes applied to the scalp, to the surface of the brain, or placed within the substance of the brain.

A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)

A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

Injuries caused by electric currents. The concept excludes electric burns (BURNS, ELECTRIC), but includes accidental electrocution and electric shock.

Prolonged unconsciousness from which the individual cannot be aroused, associated with traumatic injuries to the BRAIN. This may be defined as unconsciousness persisting for 6 hours or longer. Coma results from injury to both cerebral hemispheres or the RETICULAR FORMATION of the BRAIN STEM. Contributing mechanisms include DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY and BRAIN EDEMA. (From J Neurotrauma 1997 Oct;14(10):699-713)

Nerve fibers that are capable of rapidly conducting impulses away from the neuron cell body.

Specialized hospital facilities which provide diagnostic and therapeutic services for trauma patients.

One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.

A diagnostic technique that incorporates the measurement of molecular diffusion (such as water or metabolites) for tissue assessment by MRI. The degree of molecular movement can be measured by changes of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) with time, as reflected by tissue microstructure. Diffusion MRI has been used to study BRAIN ISCHEMIA and tumor response to treatment.

Degeneration of white matter adjacent to the CEREBRAL VENTRICLES following cerebral hypoxia or BRAIN ISCHEMIA in neonates. The condition primarily affects white matter in the perfusion zone between superficial and deep branches of the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY. Clinical manifestations include VISION DISORDERS; CEREBRAL PALSY; PARAPLEGIA; SEIZURES; and cognitive disorders. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1021; Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1997, Ch4, pp30-1)

The non-neuronal cells of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu, participate in the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER and BLOOD-RETINAL BARRIER, form the myelin insulation of nervous pathways, guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons. Neuroglia have high-affinity transmitter uptake systems, voltage-dependent and transmitter-gated ion channels, and can release transmitters, but their role in signaling (as in many other functions) is unclear.

Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or "seizure disorder."

The number of CELLS of a specific kind, usually measured per unit volume or area of sample.

Personal devices for protection of heads from impact, penetration from falling and flying objects, and from limited electric shock and burn.

Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status.

Non-invasive methods of visualizing the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, especially the brain, by various imaging modalities.

Renewal or physiological repair of damaged nerve tissue.

The capacity of the NERVOUS SYSTEM to change its reactivity as the result of successive activations.

Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.

The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.

Formation of NEURONS which involves the differentiation and division of STEM CELLS in which one or both of the daughter cells become neurons.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

An in situ method for detecting areas of DNA which are nicked during APOPTOSIS. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase is used to add labeled dUTP, in a template-independent manner, to the 3 prime OH ends of either single- or double-stranded DNA. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick end labeling, or TUNEL, assay labels apoptosis on a single-cell level, making it more sensitive than agarose gel electrophoresis for analysis of DNA FRAGMENTATION.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

A process involving chance used in therapeutic trials or other research endeavor for allocating experimental subjects, human or animal, between treatment and control groups, or among treatment groups. It may also apply to experiments on inanimate objects.

Broad plate of dense myelinated fibers that reciprocally interconnect regions of the cortex in all lobes with corresponding regions of the opposite hemisphere. The corpus callosum is located deep in the longitudinal fissure.

Four CSF-filled (see CEREBROSPINAL FLUID) cavities within the cerebral hemispheres (LATERAL VENTRICLES), in the midline (THIRD VENTRICLE) and within the PONS and MEDULLA OBLONGATA (FOURTH VENTRICLE).

Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder.

Penetrating and nonpenetrating traumatic injuries to an extracranial or intracranial blood vessel that supplies the brain. This includes the CAROTID ARTERIES; VERTEBRAL ARTERIES; MENINGEAL ARTERIES; CEREBRAL ARTERIES; veins, and venous sinuses.

Respiratory failure in the newborn. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Hyperextension injury to the neck, often the result of being struck from behind by a fast-moving vehicle, in an automobile accident. (From Segen, The Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)

Act of striking a part with short, sharp blows as an aid in diagnosing the condition beneath the sound obtained.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.

Penetrating stab wounds caused by needles. They are of special concern to health care workers since such injuries put them at risk for developing infectious disease.

Pulmonary injury following the breathing in of toxic smoke from burning materials such as plastics, synthetics, building materials, etc. This injury is the most frequent cause of death in burn patients.

Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.

Penetrating wounds caused by a pointed object.

Acquired or inborn metabolic diseases that produce brain dysfunction or damage. These include primary (i.e., disorders intrinsic to the brain) and secondary (i.e., extracranial) metabolic conditions that adversely affect cerebral function.

A physical property showing different values in relation to the direction in or along which the measurement is made. The physical property may be with regard to thermal or electric conductivity or light refraction. In crystallography, it describes crystals whose index of refraction varies with the direction of the incident light. It is also called acolotropy and colotropy. The opposite of anisotropy is isotropy wherein the same values characterize the object when measured along axes in all directions.

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

Multinational coalition military operation initiated in October 2001 to counter terrorism and bring security to AFGHANISTAN in collaboration with Afghan forces.

The measure of the level of heat of a human or animal.

A competitive team sport played on a rectangular field. This is the American or Canadian version of the game and also includes the form known as rugby. It does not include non-North American football (= SOCCER).

Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duration of less than 24 hours, and usually less than one hour, caused by transient thrombotic or embolic blood vessel occlusion or stenosis. Events may be classified by arterial distribution, temporal pattern, or etiology (e.g., embolic vs. thrombotic). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp814-6)

Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios.

The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

The part of brain that lies behind the BRAIN STEM in the posterior base of skull (CRANIAL FOSSA, POSTERIOR). It is also known as the "little brain" with convolutions similar to those of CEREBRAL CORTEX, inner white matter, and deep cerebellar nuclei. Its function is to coordinate voluntary movements, maintain balance, and learn motor skills.

A family of highly acidic calcium-binding proteins found in large concentration in the brain and believed to be glial in origin. They are also found in other organs in the body. They have in common the EF-hand motif (EF HAND MOTIFS) found on a number of calcium binding proteins. The name of this family derives from the property of being soluble in a 100% saturated ammonium sulfate solution.

The coordination of a sensory or ideational (cognitive) process and a motor activity.

Derived from TELENCEPHALON, cerebrum is composed of a right and a left hemisphere. Each contains an outer cerebral cortex and a subcortical basal ganglia. The cerebrum includes all parts within the skull except the MEDULLA OBLONGATA, the PONS, and the CEREBELLUM. Cerebral functions include sensorimotor, emotional, and intellectual activities.

Neural tracts connecting one part of the nervous system with another.

The process by which chemical compounds provide protection to cells against harmful agents.

A game in which a round inflated ball is advanced by kicking or propelling with any part of the body except the hands or arms. The object of the game is to place the ball in opposite goals.

A positive regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.

Bleeding within the SKULL, including hemorrhages in the brain and the three membranes of MENINGES. The escape of blood often leads to the formation of HEMATOMA in the cranial epidural, subdural, and subarachnoid spaces.

A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)

The continuous measurement of physiological processes, blood pressure, heart rate, renal output, reflexes, respiration, etc., in a patient or experimental animal; includes pharmacologic monitoring, the measurement of administered drugs or their metabolites in the blood, tissues, or urine.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

Any operation on the cranium or incision into the cranium. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Restoration of blood supply to tissue which is ischemic due to decrease in normal blood supply. The decrease may result from any source including atherosclerotic obstruction, narrowing of the artery, or surgical clamping. It is primarily a procedure for treating infarction or other ischemia, by enabling viable ischemic tissue to recover, thus limiting further necrosis. However, it is thought that reperfusion can itself further damage the ischemic tissue, causing REPERFUSION INJURY.

A technique for measuring extracellular concentrations of substances in tissues, usually in vivo, by means of a small probe equipped with a semipermeable membrane. Substances may also be introduced into the extracellular space through the membrane.

Therapy for MOVEMENT DISORDERS, especially PARKINSON DISEASE, that applies electricity via stereotactic implantation of ELECTRODES in specific areas of the BRAIN such as the THALAMUS. The electrodes are attached to a neurostimulator placed subcutaneously.

Mechanical or anoxic trauma incurred by the infant during labor or delivery.

Techniques used mostly during brain surgery which use a system of three-dimensional coordinates to locate the site to be operated on.

Paired bodies containing mostly GRAY MATTER and forming part of the lateral wall of the THIRD VENTRICLE of the brain.

A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

A two-person sport in which the fists are skillfully used to attack and defend.

The part of the cerebral hemisphere anterior to the central sulcus, and anterior and superior to the lateral sulcus.

Complex mental function having four distinct phases: (1) memorizing or learning, (2) retention, (3) recall, and (4) recognition. Clinically, it is usually subdivided into immediate, recent, and remote memory.

Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.

The decrease in neuronal activity (related to a decrease in metabolic demand) extending from the site of cortical stimulation. It is believed to be responsible for the decrease in cerebral blood flow that accompanies the aura of MIGRAINE WITH AURA. (Campbell's Psychiatric Dictionary, 8th ed.)

Optimization of magnesium therapy after severe diffuse axonal brain injury in rats. (1/4075)

A number of studies have demonstrated that magnesium salts given after traumatic brain injury improve subsequent neurologic outcome. However, given that these earlier studies have used a number of different salts, dosages, and routes of administration, follow-up studies of the neuroprotective properties of magnesium are complicated, with comparisons to the earlier literature virtually impossible. The present study has therefore characterized the dose-response characteristics of the most commonly used sulfate and chloride salts of magnesium in a severe model of diffuse traumatic axonal injury in rats. Both magnesium salts improved neurologic outcome in rats when administered as a bolus at 30 min after injury. The i.v. and i.m. optima of each salt was 250 micromol/kg and 750 micromol/kg, respectively. The identical concentrations required for improved neurologic outcome suggest that improvement in outcome was dependent on the magnesium cation and not the associated anion. Subsequent magnetic resonance studies demonstrated that the administered magnesium penetrated the blood-brain barrier after injury and resulted in an increased brain intracellular free magnesium concentration and associated bioenergetic state as reflected in the cytosolic phosphorylation potential. Both of these metabolic parameters positively correlated with resultant neurologic outcome measured daily in the same animals immediately before the magnetic resonance determinations. (+info)

N-Methyl-D-aspartate antagonists and apoptotic cell death triggered by head trauma in developing rat brain. (2/4075)

Morbidity and mortality from head trauma is highest among children. No animal model mimicking traumatic brain injury in children has yet been established, and the mechanisms of neuronal degeneration after traumatic injury to the developing brain are not understood. In infant rats subjected to percussion head trauma, two types of brain damage could be characterized. The first type or primary damage evolved within 4 hr and occurred by an excitotoxic mechanism. The second type or secondary damage evolved within 6-24 hr and occurred by an apoptotic mechanism. Primary damage remained localized to the parietal cortex at the site of impact. Secondary damage affected distant sites such as the cingulate/retrosplenial cortex, subiculum, frontal cortex, thalamus and striatum. Secondary apoptotic damage was more severe than primary excitotoxic damage. Morphometric analysis demonstrated that the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists 3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)-propyl-1-phosphonate and dizocilpine protected against primary excitotoxic damage but increased severity of secondary apoptotic damage. 2-Sulfo-alpha-phenyl-N-tert-butyl-nitrone, a free radical scavenger, did not affect primary excitotoxic damage but mitigated apoptotic damage. These observations demonstrate that apoptosis and not excitotoxicity determine neuropathologic outcome after traumatic injury to the developing brain. Whereas free radical scavengers may prove useful in therapy of head trauma in children, N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists should be avoided because of their propensity to increase severity of apoptotic damage. (+info)

One year outcome in mild to moderate head injury: the predictive value of acute injury characteristics related to complaints and return to work. (3/4075)

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prognostic value of characteristics of acute injury and duration of post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) for long term outcome in patients with mild to moderate head injury in terms of complaints and return to work. METHODS: Patients with a Glasgow coma score (GCS) on admission of 9-14 were included. Post-traumatic amnesia was assessed prospectively. Follow up was performed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after injury. Outcome was determined by the Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) 1 year after injury and compared with a more detailed outcome scale (DOS) comprising cognitive and neurobehavioural aspects. RESULTS: Sixty seven patients were included, mean age 33.2 (SD 14.7) years and mean PTA 7.8 (SD 7.3) days. One year after injury, 73% of patients had resumed previous work although most (84%) still reported complaints. The most frequent complaints were headache (32%), irritability (34%), forgetfulness and poor concentration (42%), and fatigue (45%). According to the GOS good recovery (82%) or moderate disability (18%) was seen. Application of the DOS showed more cognitive (40%) and behavioural problems (48%), interfering with return to work. Correlation between the GOS and DOS was high (r=0.87, p<0.01). Outcome correlated with duration of PTA (r=-0.46) but not significantly with GCS on admission (r=0.19). In multiple regression analysis, PTA and the number of complaints 3 months after injury explained 49% of variance on outcome as assessed with the GOS, and 60% with the DOS. CONCLUSIONS: In mild to moderate head injury outcome is determined by duration of PTA and not by GCS on admission. Most patients return to work despite having complaints. The application of a more detailed outcome scale will increase accuracy in predicting outcome in this category of patients with head injury. (+info)

Parkinson's syndrome after closed head injury: a single case report. (4/4075)

A 36 year old man, who sustained a skull fracture in 1984, was unconscious for 24 hours, and developed signs of Parkinson's syndrome 6 weeks after the injury. When assessed in 1995, neuroimaging disclosed a cerebral infarction due to trauma involving the left caudate and lenticular nucleus. Parkinson's syndrome was predominantly right sided, slowly progressive, and unresponsive to levodopa therapy. Reaction time tests showed slowness of movement initiation and execution with both hands, particularly the right. Recording of movement related cortical potentials suggested bilateral deficits in movement preparation. Neuropsychological assessment disclosed no evidence of major deficits on tests assessing executive function or working memory, with the exception of selective impairments on the Stroop and on a test of self ordered random number sequences. There was evidence of abulia. The results are discussed in relation to previous literature on basal ganglia lesions and the effects of damage to different points of the frontostriatal circuits. (+info)

Cerebral blood flow in the monkey after focal cryogenic injury. (5/4075)

A focal cryogenic lesion was made in the left superior frontal gyrus of the anesthetized macaque brain. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was determined by the hydrogen clearance technique before and during the 4 hours following trauma. Local CBF in tissue adjacent to the lesion increased in the first half hour after the lesion was made and then decreased during the ensuing 3 1/2 hours. Local CBF in the contralateral superior frontal gyrus, as well as total CBF and oxygen consumption, were unchanged by cryogenic trauma. The spread of vasogenic edema into uninjured tissue probably accounts for the observed decrease in local CBF. This experimental model may assist in discovering therapy to alter favorably the spatial and temporal profile of pathologic CBF changes in tissue surrounding an acute lesion of the brain. (+info)

An intrathecal bolus of cyclosporin A before injury preserves mitochondrial integrity and attenuates axonal disruption in traumatic brain injury. (6/4075)

Traumatic brain injury evokes multiple axonal pathologies that contribute to the ultimate disconnection of injured axons. In severe traumatic brain injury, the axolemma is perturbed focally, presumably allowing for the influx of Ca2+ and initiation of Ca2+ -sensitive, proaxotomy processes. Mitochondria in foci of axolemmal failure may act as Ca2+ sinks that sequester Ca2+ to preserve low cytoplasmic calcium concentrations. This Ca2+ load within mitochondria, however, may cause colloid osmotic swelling and loss of function by a Ca2+ -induced opening of the permeability transition pore. Local failure of mitochondria, in turn, can decrease production of high-energy phosphates necessary to maintain membrane pumps and restore ionic balance in foci of axolemmal permeability change. The authors evaluated the ability of the permeability transition pore inhibitor cyclosporin A (CsA) to prevent mitochondrial swelling in injured axonal segments demonstrating altered axolemmal permeability after impact acceleration injury in rat. At the electron microscopic level, statistically fewer abnormal mitochondria were seen in traumatically injured axons from CsA-pretreated injured animals. Further, this mitochondrial protection translated into axonal protection in a second group of injured rats, whose brains were reacted with antibodies against amyloid precursor protein, a known marker of injured axons. Pretreatment with CsA significantly reduced the number of axons undergoing delayed axotomy, as evidenced by a decrease in the density of amyloid precursor protein-immunoreactive axons. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that CsA protects both mitochondria and the related axonal shaft, suggesting that this agent may be of therapeutic use in traumatic brain injury. (+info)

Evaluating methods for estimating premorbid intellectual ability in closed head injury. (7/4075)

OBJECTIVES: The present study examines the utility of three measures of premorbid intellectual functioning in closed head injury, the National adult reading test (NART), the Cambridge contextual reading test (CCRT), and the spot the word test (STW). METHODS: In the first experiment, a group of 25 patients with closed head injury were compared with 50 healthy controls and 20 orthopaedic trauma controls. In the second experiment, the strength of correlation between the premorbid measures and current intellectual level were assessed in 114 healthy adults. RESULTS: The head injured group performed significantly more poorly than both control groups on measures of current intellectual ability. However, no significant differences emerged between the groups on any of the premorbid measures. In the large control sample, both the NART and the CCRT accounted for about 50% of the variance in current verbal intelligence. However, by contrast, the STW only accounted for 29% of the variability in verbal intelligence. Adding demographic variables to the prediction of current intellectual level increased the amount of variance explained to 60% for the NART, 62% for the CCRT, but only 41% for the STW. CONCLUSION: The results provide supportive evidence for the use of the CCRT and NART in estimating premorbid intellectual functioning in patients who have sustained closed head injuries, but suggest caution when employing the STW. (+info)

Frozen in time: life in the face of chronic care cutbacks. (8/4075)

Kathy Cook won the $750 first prize in CMAJ's 7th Annual Amy Chouinard Memorial Essay Contest. The deadline for entries to the contest, which is designed to stimulate interest in medical writing among journalism students, is June 1. Entries should be forwarded to the news and features editor. In her winning essay, Cook explores the frustrations and quality-of-life issues that arise in a chronic care institution that is trying to operate in the midst of serious funding cuts. (+info)

... at the Wayback Machine Wikimedia Commons has media related to Traumatic brain injuries. Brain injury at Curlie The Brain Injury ... A traumatic brain injury (TBI), also known as an intracranial injury, is an injury to the brain caused by an external force. ... However, the terms head injury and brain injury are often used interchangeably. Similarly, brain injuries fall under the ... "Basic Information about Traumatic Brain Injury , Concussion , Traumatic Brain Injury , CDC Injury Center". www.cdc.gov. March 6 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traumatic_brain_injury

Brain Injury is a monthly, peer-reviewed, medical journal published by Taylor & Francis. Furthermore, it is the official ... "Editorial Board Members". Brain Injury. Taylor & Francis. Retrieved 2010-01-11. "Catalog record". Bibliographic information for ... cite web}}: Missing or empty ,url= (help) Official website International Brain Injury Association (All articles with dead ... More specifically, the range of coverage includes fundamental research, clinical studies, brain injury translational medicine, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_Injury_(journal)

"What is Acquired Brain Injury". Retrieved 5 March 2011. The ABI Handbook, Serving Students with Acquired Brain Injuries in ... 2000). "Evaluation of Attention Process Training and Brain Injury Education in Persons with Acquired Brain Injury". Journal of ... For more information on therapeutic interventions for acquired brain injury, see stroke and traumatic brain injury. Some ... World Federation of Neurorehabilitation United Kingdom Acquired Brain Injury Forum The Brain Injury Hub - information and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acquired_brain_injury

The Brain Injury Research Institute (BIRI) is a center for the study of traumatic brain injuries and their prevention that was ... Brain Injury Research Institute, BIRI Official Website. Accessed July 18, 2013. "Seau family revisiting brain decision". ESPN. ... Official website Scholia has a profile for Brain Injury Research Institute (Q4955771). Coordinates: 40°31′27″N 80°13′37″W / ... It now houses 20 brains for future research. Bennet Omalu was the first to identify chronic brain damage as a factor in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_Injury_Research_Institute

Childhood (or paediatric) acquired brain injury (ABI) is the term given to any injury to the brain that occurs during childhood ... what educators need to know about students with brain injury (3rd ed.). Washington DC: Brain Injury Association Inc. pp. 1-10. ... Key structural features of the pediatric brain make the brain tissue more susceptible to the mechanical injury during TBI than ... It encompasses both traumatic and non-traumatic (or atraumatic) injuries. Pediatric acquired brain injury (PABI) is the number ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Childhood_acquired_brain_injury

Stretch in Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells (cEND) as an In Vitro Traumatic Brain Injury Model of the Blood Brain Barrier ... Traumatic brain injury modeling replicates aspects of traumatic brain injury (TBI) as a method to better understand what ... "A review of pharmacological treatments used in experimental models of traumatic brain injury". Brain Injury. 21 (3): 259-74. ... "Injury Prevention and Control: Traumatic Brain Injury (2012)". Retrieved November 19, 2013. Shoemaker JT. "in vivo TBI Modeling ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traumatic_brain_injury_modeling

... are ways to classify the injury processes that occur in brain injury. In traumatic brain ... It occurs after a variety of brain injury including subarachnoid hemorrhage, stroke, and traumatic brain injury and involves ... The primary injury leads to the secondary injury. Secondary injury is an indirect result of the injury. It results from ... Secondary brain injury occurs gradually and may involve an array of cellular processes. Secondary injury, which is not caused ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_and_secondary_brain_injury

"Traumatic brain injury Complications - Mayo Clinic". Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 2017-01-31. "Brain Injury: Complications and ... Traumatic brain injury (TBI, physical trauma to the brain) can cause a variety of complications, health effects that are not ... A vegetative state can result from diffuse injury to the cerebral hemispheres of the brain without damage to the lower brain ... Injuries to the base of the skull can damage nerves that emerge directly from the brain (cranial nerves). Cranial nerve damage ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complications_of_traumatic_brain_injury

... are ways to classify brain injury: focal injury occurs in a specific location, while diffuse ... Ischemic brain injury resulting from an insufficient blood supply to the brain, is one of the leading causes of secondary brain ... Vascular injury usually causes death shortly after an injury. Although it is a diffuse type of brain injury itself, diffuse ... Although brain injuries are often described as diffuse or focal in nature, in reality many traumatic brain injuries have both ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focal_and_diffuse_brain_injury

In hockey, traumatic brain injuries constitute 10%-15% of all head injuries. With the high percent of injuries being traumatic ... According to the USCPSC, four of the top five sports that cause brain injuries are considered to have limited brain contact: ... Concussions are also sometimes referred to as mTBI (Mild Traumatic Brain Injury). Concussions are injuries to the head which ... which are classified as a traumatic brain injury (TBI). When a direct blow to the head occurs, there is bruising to the brain ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports-related_traumatic_brain_injury

Five days of complete sleep deprivation in rats before the traumatic brain injury, acted as protection against ischemic injury ... Sleep disorder is a common repercussion of traumatic brain injury (TBI). It occurs in 30%-70% of patients with TBI. TBI can be ... Terrio H, Brenner LA, Ivins BJ, Cho JM, Helmick K, Schwab K, Scally K, Bretthauer R, Warden D (2009). "Traumatic brain injury ... Grima N, Ponsford J, Rajaratnam SM, Mansfield D, Pase MP (March 2016). "Sleep Disturbances in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Meta- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleeping_disorders_following_traumatic_brain_injury

Traumatic brain injuries) Military acute concussion evaluation Psychological injury (Traumatic brain_injury) Veterans For ... Traumatic Brain Injury Rehabilitative Services' Improvements Act of 2011. Before that date, tramautic brain injury treatment at ... The Veterans Traumatic Brain Injury Care Improvement Act is a bill (H.R. 4276) introduced in the 113th U.S. Congress that would ... In 2011, Senator Max Baucus introduced S. 666, the Veterans Traumatic Brain Injury Care Improvement Act of 2011, which would ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veterans_Traumatic_Brain_Injury_Care_Improvement_Act

2005). "A systematic review of treatments for mild traumatic brain injury". Brain Injury. 19 (11): 863-880. doi:10.1080/ ... projects to reduce the incidence of traumatic brain injury and projects related to track and monitor traumatic brain injuries. ... projects to reduce the incidence of traumatic brain injury, and (2) traumatic brain injury surveillance systems or registries. ... Traumatic brain injury is defined as damage to the brain resulting from external mechanical force, such as rapid acceleration ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traumatic_Brain_Injury_Reauthorization_Act_of_2013

Fanelli 4 Brain Injury Awareness, with the backing of the Kitchener Rangers, in order to raise awareness of brain injury and to ... Fanelli 4 Brain Injury Awareness is an organisation formed for the purposes of increasing public awareness of brain injury and ... the Kitchener Rangers can be found around Ontario and are free to attend to raise awareness about brain injury and brain injury ... "A concussion is a brain injury now and is common in my sport, hockey," Ben states. "I want to make it known that there is a way ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HEAD_STRONG:_Fanelli_4_Brain_Injury_Awareness

The Defense Centers of Excellence for Psychological Health and Traumatic Brain Injury (DCoE) is a United States Department of ... "Defense Centers of Excellence for Psychological Health and Traumatic Brain Injury, Spring 2013" (PDF). dcoe.health.mil. ... "Defense Centers of Excellence for Psychological Health and Traumatic Brain Injury, Spring 2013" (PDF). dcoe.health.mil. ... and traumatic brain injury (TBI) issues. The organization's official mission is to "improve the lives of our nation's service ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_Centers_of_Excellence_for_Psychological_Health_and_Traumatic_Brain_Injury

... (DAI) is a brain injury in which scattered lesions occur over a widespread area in white matter tracts as ... DAI can occur across the spectrum of traumatic brain injury (TBI) severity, wherein the burden of injury increases from mild to ... Diffuse injury has more microscopic injury than macroscopic injury and is difficult to detect with CT and MRI, but its presence ... Adams JH (March 1982). "Diffuse axonal injury in non-missile head injury". Injury. 13 (5): 444-5. doi:10.1016/0020-1383(82) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffuse_axonal_injury

People with brain injuries). ... Patient DF's brain damage resulted from hypoxia due to carbon ... Brain: A Journal of Neurology. 126 (Pt 11): 2463-75. doi:10.1093/brain/awg248. PMID 14506065. Bridge H, Thomas OM, Minini L, ... The lateral occipital cortex (LOC) in her brain is severely damaged and shows no activation presented with line drawings of ... Consistent with all of this, brain imaging has shown no response to line drawings in her ventral stream. Furthermore, according ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patient_DF

Coup and contrecoup injuries are associated with cerebral contusions, a type of traumatic brain injury in which the brain is ... Coup and contrecoup injuries are considered focal brain injuries - those that occur in a particular spot in the brain - as ... Diffuse axonal injury is a key pathology in concussive brain injury. The visual system may be affected. Contrecoup contusions ... In head injury, a coup injury occurs under the site of impact with an object, and a contrecoup injury occurs on the side ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup_contrecoup_injury

... expert in traumatic brain injuries; inventor of the Ommaya reservoir, which is used to provide chemotherapy directly to brain ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Pakistanis

"Concussion injuries to the brain". Comprehensive Ophthalmology (fourth ed.). New Age International (P): 311. Hutchinson's pupil ... These can be due to concussion injury to the brain and is associated with subdural haemorrhage and unconsciousness. The ... In Stage 1, the parasympathetic fibers on the side of injury are irritated, leading to constriction of pupil on that side. In ... stage 2, the parasympathetic fibers on the side of injury are paralysed, leading to dilatation of pupil. The fibers on the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutchinson's_pupil

Hurihanganui, Te Aniwa (30 January 2020). "Culture gap exists in traumatic brain injury assessments for Māori inmates, expert ... Brain Injury. 29 (13-14): 1604-1616. doi:10.3109/02699052.2015.1075143. PMID 26382561. S2CID 45092567. Kersten, Paula; Czuba, ... "Neuropsychological outcome and its correlates in the first year after adult mild traumatic brain injury: A population-based New ... Māori people with traumatic brain injury and their experiences of neuropsychological assessments". New Zealand Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makarena_Dudley

People with a traumatic brain injury (TBI) can display impulsive, aggressive and dangerous actions. A study in the Brain Injury ... "Effectiveness of a group anger management programme after severe traumatic brain injury". Brain Injury. 24 (3): 517-24. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anger_management

Brain Injury. 26 (12): 1510-1522. doi:10.3109/02699052.2012.698362. hdl:2268/162403. PMID 22759199. S2CID 6498232. Boly M, ... 2016). "Interfacing brain with computer to improve communication and rehabilitation after brain damage". Brain-Computer ... A brain-computer interface (BCI), sometimes called a brain-machine interface (BMI), is a direct communication pathway between ... In addition to a brain-computer interface based on brain waves, as recorded from scalp EEG electrodes, Bin He and co-workers ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain–computer_interface

Brain Injury. 30 (3): 267-70. doi:10.3109/02699052.2015.1118764. PMID 26890534. Siddiqui FJ, Venketasubramanian N, Chan ES, ... MLC901 can activate KATP channels, which has a neuroprotective effect against brain ischemia. Neuroaid is not effective in ... September 2011). "MLC901, a traditional Chinese medicine protects the brain against global ischemia". Neuropharmacology. 61 (4 ... and neuroplasticity by amplifying endogenous processes of self-protection and self-repair of the brain. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NeuroAiD

"The Encephalitis Society". Brain Injury Group. Retrieved 2021-07-29. "Research Summary". The Encephalitis Society. Retrieved ... Her specialist field of research concerns the role that personal experience-based accounts of acquired brain injuries can play ... Ava Easton is a health scientist and researcher who specialises in encephalitis, acquired brain injury and narrative medicine, ... as well as a consultant for media on encephalitis and brain injuries, most recently for the UK television program Hollyoaks on ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ava_Easton

Only 14% of brain injury patients in the UK successfully remain at full-time work 30 months after their injury, even after the ... Brain Injury. 20 (11): 1119-1129. doi:10.1080/02699050600664335. PMID 17123928. S2CID 26484139. Stace, Sheila (1987). " ... "Predictors of success for state vocational rehabilitation clients with traumatic brain injury". Archives of Physical Medicine ... "Effectiveness of vocational rehabilitation following acquired brain injury: Preliminary evaluation of a UK specialist ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocational_rehabilitation

Youse, K.; Cienkowski, K.; Coelho, C. (2004). "Auditory-visual speech perception in an adult with aphasia". Brain Injury. 18 (8 ... Therefore, there is a McGurk effect exhibited in people with damage to the right hemisphere of the brain but the effect is not ... Speech is perceived by all of the senses working together (seeing, touching, and listening to a face move). The brain is often ... In people with lesions to the left hemisphere of the brain, visual features often play a critical role in speech and language ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McGurk_effect

Brain Injury. 24 (7-8): 988-94. doi:10.3109/02699052.2010.490512. PMID 20545453. S2CID 9553904. Sakka, Laurent (2020), "Anatomy ... thick mother of the brain', matrix of the brain, and is also referred to by the term "pachymeninx" (plural "pachymeninges"). ... In neuroanatomy, dura mater is a thick membrane made of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal ... The falx cerebri, which separates the two hemispheres of the brain, is located in the longitudinal cerebral fissure between the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dura_mater

A role for pupillometry in the acute assessment of patients with traumatic brain injuries. Brain Injury. 2018;32(5):675-677. ... traumatic brain injury and edema, tumoral herniation syndromes, and sports or war injuries. Automated pupillometers are used to ... A case report published in Brain Injury presented a patient who was "saved" by the use of NPi as part of his clinical ... According to the new American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines, most deaths attributable to post-cardiac arrest brain injury ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurological_pupil_index

... mood and global quality of life in persons with spinal cord injury and traumatic brain injury". Spinal Cord. 36 (4): 252-261. ... Individuals with traumatic brain injuries demonstrate greater psychological well-being and perceived quality of life if ... In a study assessing perceived quality of life in individuals with traumatic brain injury, findings indicated that the level of ... Brain Injury. 18 (2): 119-129. doi:10.1080/0269905031000149515. PMID 14660225. Perkins, D.; Raines, J.; Tschopp, M.; Warner, T ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gainful_employment

ISBN 978-81-223-1016-0. Dedhia, Sonil (5 August 2013). "Hrithik: I have a hole in my brain but my spirit is intact". Rediff. ... Kimtilal finally reveals the roots of the nexus (Sampath and Gupta), and succumbs to his injuries. The film ends with various ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kala_Bazaar

Brain. "CZWrestling.com - Online Home of Combat Zone Wrestling and Women Superstars Uncensored ~ Wrestling That's Like Nothing ... After a post match attack from Archer, former tag team partner David Finlay made his return from injury to save Robinson. ... before suffering an injury that kept him out of action for several months. Parker returned to NXT in July 2013 with a new ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juice_Robinson

Raúl Gómez Ramírez, 50, Mexican politician, MP for Guanajuato (since 2012), injuries sustained in a traffic collision. Slađa ... brain cancer. Abdullah Hussain, 94, Malaysian novelist (Interlok). Michael Kennedy, 88, British biographer, journalist and ... head injury. Colin Strang, 2nd Baron Strang, 92, British philosopher and peer. Dick Thornton, 75, American-born Canadian ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deaths_in_December_2014

Joe began suffering all the classic signs of a recurrence of his brain tumor. When Joe learned he had only a few weeks left, he ... one that left Tim with grave head injuries from which he died soon afterwards. Jenny married Tim on his deathbed. Later, Jenny ... Tragically, she died of a brain aneurysm in 1973, leaving Larry crushed. Merrie's sister Victoria Lord (originated by Gillian ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Life_to_Live_storylines_(1968–1979)

Laura S. Lorenz of the Heller School for Social Policy and Management at Brandeis University in her work with brain injury ... doi:10.1177/109019819402100204 Lorenz, LS (2010) "Brain Injury Survivors: Narratives of Rehabilitation and Healing." Disability ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoice

One Year Later, Zazzala appears in JLA #20, fully healed from her injuries, and attempting to steal a matter transportation ... Lissa Raven was the daughter of a brilliant psychologist who specialized in the working of the brain. Her father invented a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Bee_(comics)

Violent Computer games boost brain processing power. The Times. 29 May 2003. Gamespot Game of the Year 2012. 25 December 2012. ... or playing violent video games deemed to contain any visual depiction or representation of realistic injury to a human or a " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonviolent_video_game

Haemophilia leads to a severely increased risk of prolonged bleeding from common injuries, or in severe cases bleeding may be ... Joints Muscles Digestive tract Brain Muscle and joint haemorrhages - or haemarthrosis - are indicative of haemophilia, while ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haemophilia_A

"Mental diseases are not caused by actual physical injury to the brain [...] are a result of some suppression of thought in the ... subconscious mind." and that "Epilepsy not due to injured brain cells is caused by the suppression of hate in childhood". While ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Cheesman_Thompson

The end of his Yeovil career was ruined by knee injuries and was released at the end of the 2002-03 season. In November 2001, ... Tom and his girlfriend Louis lost their daughter Olivia to a brain tumour after a yearlong battle. "Yeovil lift FA Trophy". BBC ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_White_(footballer,_born_1976)

Stroke Spinal Cord Injury Cerebral palsy Parkinson's disease Brain injury Anoxic brain injury Traumatic brain injury Multiple ... In case of a serious disability, such as caused by a severe spinal injury or brain damage, the patient and their families' ... other brain or spinal cord injuries the option of training and physical therapy much sooner than might otherwise be possible, ... circumstances especially coping to a changed identity of self as a result of adaptions and changes necessitated by brain injury ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurorehabilitation

A fall on the ice in January of that year caused traumatic injuries to William's brain and a leg, resulting in extreme ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samlesbury_Hall

The birth injury allegedly occurred as a result of attending physician Dr. Gregory Drezga's actions and substandard care during ... Burke v. Lewis, 122 P.3d 533, 535 (Utah 2005) Athan Montgomery sustained serious brain damage at the time of his birth. ... Aimee Ellis sustained severe injuries (including significant head trauma) and was rushed to the hospital. In 2005, Mrs. Ellis ... so long as they do so reasonably and cause no unnecessary injury to the landowner." Durrant is married to Jaclyn Huish. They ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_B._Durrant

"Metabolic crisis without brain ischemia is common after traumatic brain injury: a combined microdialysis and positron emission ... During brain ischemia, the brain cannot perform aerobic metabolism due to the loss of oxygen and substrate. The brain is not ... Due to different susceptibility to ischemia of various brain regions, a global brain ischemia may cause focal brain infarction ... A closely related disease to brain ischemia is brain hypoxia. Brain hypoxia is the condition in which there is a decrease in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_ischemia

Staley has Traumatic Brain Injury sustained from playing in the NFL. He wears a whistle around his neck to blow to end the ... "Bengals' second pick: 'My brain is not working'". "Utah State Aggies Official Athletic Site - Utah State University". Archived ... cite journal}}: Cite journal requires ,journal= (help) "Bengals' second pick: 'My brain is not working'". (CS1 maint: archived ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Staley

Visitor to the University of Saskatchewan Visitor to the University of Regina Saskatchewan Brain Injury Association Canadians ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon_Barnhart

"Oscar Gonzalez dies of brain injury". ESPN. Retrieved 19 February 2020. Boxing record for Oscar Gonzalez from BoxRec ( ... Deaths due to injuries sustained in boxing, Sport deaths in Mexico, Super-bantamweight boxers, Featherweight boxers, Mexican ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Óscar_González_(boxer)

... to the brain. This research may eventually be able to be applied to helping people with brain injuries or who have suffered ... Hartmann currently focuses on animal whiskers and how information about touch is sent from the whisker to the brain. This is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitra_Hartmann

There were also injuries found by Chao on the vaginal area and thighs of the victim, proving that Yasin had pried open her legs ... Yip Chong claiming that she caught the Japanese encephalitis virus from Hiroshi Watanabe and thus suffered from a viral brain ... He said the extent of the injuries were such that even if the doctors were at the scene, they were unable to revive her. The ... In his testimony, Professor Chao stated that from the injuries he found on the elderly victim Chong Kin Meng, the harm caused ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chao_Tzee_Cheng

... established the Hugh and Carolyn Shelton Military Neurotrauma Foundation in 2005 to fund research into traumatic brain injury ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Shelton

Jared's injuries force him to use the cloak as a wrap for his right arm and to melt the helmet into a set of ankh-shaped darts ... the crystals that make up the orb are considered radio sensitive and react to his brain when in use. Though technological in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_Fate

Brain. 127 (Pt 12): 2657-2671. doi:10.1093/brain/awh303. PMID 15509623. Brettschneider J, Suh E, Robinson JL, Fang L, Lee EB, ... an often-fatal complication of septic shock and other severe illnesses or injuries. MSA is characterized by the following, ... Brain. 132 (Pt 1): 156-171. doi:10.1093/brain/awn291. PMC 2638696. PMID 19029129. Oertel WH, Wächter T, Quinn NP, Ulm G, ... doi:10.1093/brain/awq158. PMID 20576697. Sasaki H, Emi M, Iijima H, Ito N, Sato H, Yabe I, et al. (June 2011). "Copy number ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_system_atrophy

A variety of empirical studies have demonstrated CBT's effectiveness in cases of traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, ... Cognitive rehabilitation interventions have been used with people who have sustained brain injury, stroke, brain tumor, ... Kennedy, Mary R. T.; Coelho, Carl (2005). "Self-Regulation after Traumatic Brain Injury: A Framework for Intervention of Memory ... Diller, Leonard (2005-06-01). "Pushing the Frames of Reference in Traumatic Brain Injury Rehabilitation". Archives of Physical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rehabilitation_psychology

Dean, John (23 April 2017). "Wests Tigers snatch gritty win over Bulldogs after a Greg Eastwood brain snap". The Australian. ... Walsh, Dan (29 April 2017). "Canterbury's 'Dogs of War' DNA rings true despite James Graham, Josh Reynolds injuries in Raiders ... Dean, John (9 March 2017). "Injuries pile up as Roosters edge out Bulldogs at Allianz Stadium". Fox Sports. Newscorp. Retrieved ... Kennedy, Chris (29 April 2017). "Bulldogs defy injuries to down Raiders". NRL.com. Retrieved 17 October 2017. Kennedy, Chris ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Canterbury-Bankstown_Bulldogs_season

... in the Journal of Neurotrauma finds that rapid air evacuation of wounded personnel suffering from traumatic brain injury - ... No one is killed, but 20 of the people on board suffer injuries. Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula forces seize Riyan Airport ... Five of them are treated for injuries. One of the dead crew members is former Slovak ice hockey player Michal Česnek. 20-21 ... Twenty-four people on board suffer injuries. American film actor Harrison Ford crash-lands the vintage Ryan ST-3KR Recruit he ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_in_aviation

... leading the players to develop effects of brain injury ranging from chronic headaches to depression. Prior to the 2014 season, ... who had suffered a groin injury during the 2006 season and had hamstring injuries in the past) to accept a pay cut. He refused ... Horn and his attorneys allege that the league failed to properly treat head injuries in spite of prevailing medical evidence, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Horn

In June 1864, Bierce sustained a traumatic brain injury at the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain and spent the rest of the summer on ... most notably episodes of fainting and irritability assignable to the traumatic brain injury experienced at Kennesaw Mountain. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambrose_Bierce

Portugal's Prime Minister Salazar underwent emergency brain surgery in Lisbon, three days after striking his head on the floor ... Died: Tommy Armour, 71, Scottish-born American professional golfer who overcame World War One injuries to become a champion ... died of injuries, 2013) John A. List, American economist; in Madison, Wisconsin Censorship of plays was abolished in the United ... wherein the wearer could control the movement of the arm by the electric signals sent by the brain to electronic instruments ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_1968

Most fetal birth injuries resolve without long term harm, but brachial plexus injury may lead to Erb's palsy or Klumpke's ... Hypoxic damage can also occur to most of the infant's organs (heart, lungs, liver, gut, kidneys), but brain damage is of most ... 20 or 30 encounter injuries, infections or disabilities. Most of these deaths and injuries are preventable. In 2008, noting ... Risk factors for fetal birth injury include fetal macrosomia (big baby), maternal obesity, the need for instrumental delivery, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Childbirth

Their strapline is "Working Wonders for Children With Brain Conditions". Cerebra help children with any kind of brain related ... condition, whether it be one they were born with such as Cerebral Palsy or Autism, or a condition acquired through an injury. ... Cerebra is a UK charity dedicated to helping the parents of children with brain related neurological conditions. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebra_(British_charity)

Traumatic brain injury-related deaths by race/ethnicity, sex, intent, and mechanism of injury - United States, 2000-2017. MMWR ... Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Guideline for Adults. *CDC Pediatric mTBI Guidelineplus icon*CDC Pediatric mTBI Guideline Checklist ... Traumatic brain injury-related deaths from firearm suicide: United States, 2008-2017. AJPH. 2020(0):e1-e3. ... Iaccarino C, Carretta A, Nicolosi F, Morselli C. Epidemiology of severe traumatic brain injury. J Neurosurg Sci. 2018 Oct;62(5 ...

https://www.cdc.gov/traumaticbraininjury/severe.html

Rehabilitation for persons with traumatic brain injury World Health Organization. Disability and Rehabilitation Team; United ... of Defense; Drucker Brain Injury Center (‎World Health OrganizationWorld Health Organization, 2004)‎ ...

https://apps.who.int:80/iris/browse?authority=Brain+Injuries&type=mesh

Dr Christoph Diener discusses two negative trials in traumatic brain injury. ... My topic today is traumatic brain injury, which is the most frequent cause of death in young people under age 45. There have ... So, at the moment, I think the only thing we can do is prevent traumatic brain injury as best as we can. ... Traumatic Brain Injury in a 39-Year-Old Man: Interactive CT Case Study ...

http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/858076

Health Information on Traumatic Brain Injury: MedlinePlus Multiple Languages Collection ... Traumatic Brain Injury: MedlinePlus Health Topic - English Lesión cerebral traumática: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus - español ( ... Types of Brain Injury - 简体中文 (Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)) Bilingual PDF ...

https://medlineplus.gov/languages/traumaticbraininjury.html

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/browse?locale-attribute=en&type=mesh&authority=Brain+Injuries

Learn about the Brain Injury Center at Boston Childrens Hospital, including our unique approach to treatment. ... Specialized brain injury clinics. We offer four specialized outpatient clinics for children who have had a brain injury: two ... Our unique approach to treating brain injuries is helping to define the best practices in care for brain injuries, from early ... Because brain injuries can cause a vast array of symptoms that may not seem related to the injury, we coordinate care across ...

https://www.childrenshospital.org/programs/brain-injury-center

Brain Injury 1996;10:47-54. 5. Lantis S. Horseback riding-related traumatic brain injuries. In: Injury Prevention Service. ... Each year, traumatic brain injury * (TBI) is associated with 52,000 deaths and accounts for one third of all injury deaths in ... AIS is an anatomic injury-severity scale ranging from one for minor injury to six for maximum injury. POINT OF CONTACT FOR THIS ... Horseback-Riding-Associated Traumatic Brain Injuries -- Oklahoma, 1992-1994 MMWR 45(10);209-211 Publication date: 03/15/1996. ...

https://wonder.cdc.gov/wonder/prevguid/m0040635/m0040635.asp

... also known as acquired brain injury, head injury, or brain injury, causes substantial disability and mortality. It occurs when ... a sudden trauma damages the brain and disrupts normal brain function. ... Traumatic brain injury (TBI), also known as acquired brain injury, head injury, or brain injury, causes substantial disability ... Traumatic brain injury (TBI), also known as acquired brain injury, head injury, or brain injury, causes substantial disability ...

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/326643-overview

... you will need the assistance of an expert traumatic brain injury lawyer in Los Angeles from the ODG Law Group to prove your TBI ... If you have suffered a Traumatic Brain Injury In Los Angeles, ... Injury deaths from traumatic brain injury (TBI) account for ... Traumatic Brain Injury In Los Angeles: A Quick Overview. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is brain damage that occurs unexpectedly ... Statistics On Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). According to the Brain Injury Association of America (BIAA) report, almost 1.5 ...

https://www.odglawgroup.com/traumatic-brain-injury-in-los-angeles-make-a-move-with-experienced-workers-compensation-law-attorneys-in-los-angeles/

Traumatic brain injury, or TBI, is sometimes called concussion. An estimated 1.5 million Americans yearly sustain such a brain ... Brain-injury survivors who were depressed near or at the time of their accidents, who had suffered post-traumatic stress ... Traumatic brain injuries linked to depression By Melissa Healy, Los Angeles Times ... The 559 participants in this study had all come to a trauma center in the Seattle area with head injuries, signs of brain ...

https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-may-24-la-sci-brain-depression-20100519-story.html

... may experience mild to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) that causes cognitive, behavioral, emotional, and physical problems ... Individuals with head injuries or who suffer from exposure to explosive blasts (such as first responders, accident victims, and ... Traumatic Brain Injury. Featured. Individuals with head injuries or who suffer from exposure to explosive blasts (such as first ... Treatment of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in the Military Health System. Among service members diagnosed with a traumatic brain ...

https://www.rand.org/topics/traumatic-brain-injury.html?page=2

Confabulation after brain injury or tbi is linked to memory disorders and frontal lobe injruies. It is not lying. Author Dr Tom ... Confabulation: After brain injury, whats it mean?. Rating * Select Rating. 1 star (worst). 2 stars. 3 stars (average). 4 stars ... Confabulation is often associated with an injury to the frontal area of the brain. This area focuses attention, directs and ... caregivers and clinicians understand the causes and consequences of confabulation after brain injury. It provides strategies to ...

https://lapublishing.com/confabulation-after-brain-injury-whats-it-mean/

One of the more serious injuries that can result from a car accident is a brain injury, which can cause paralysis or the loss ... Learn About Brain Injury. * Brain Injury Symptoms and Diagnosis Symptoms of brain injury can range from mild headaches and ... Serious Brain Injuries. It can be difficult to determine whether a head injury has caused a related brain injury. A brain ... Types of Brain Injury The term "brain injury" can refer to anything from a mild concussion to serious damage to multiple areas ...

https://www.findlaw.com/injury/car-accidents/brain-injury.html

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is getting more attention than ever before. Media outlets have done a great job at highlighting ... What are The Signs of a Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI)?. Mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI) make up around 75-80% of all ... Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is getting more attention than ever before. Media outlets have done a great job at highlighting ... What are the leading causes of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)?. The typical causes of TBI stay fairly consistent year over year. ...

https://www.experts.com/articles/neuropsychological-evaluation-of%20traumatic-brain-injury-tbi-guide-by-dr-emin-gharibian

This results from the development of sophisticated methods for exploring the human living brain, especially by using positron ... The past years have seen significant advances in our understanding of recovery of function after brain lesions. ... Imaging recovery of function following brain injury Curr Opin Neurobiol. 1994 Apr;4(2):226-30. doi: 10.1016/0959-4388(94)90077- ... The past years have seen significant advances in our understanding of recovery of function after brain lesions. This results ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8038581/?dopt=Abstract

He has spent the years since he suffered a traumatic brain injury pushing against his physical limitations to build a life ...

https://www.washingtontimes.com/multimedia/image/ap_exchange_brain_injury_28423jpg/

... just dont know because of the severity of the injuries that he sustained and the fact that he had such a severe brain injury ... Morgans lawyer announced yesterday the 46-year-old actor-comedian is still suffering from a traumatic brain injury. According ... blogs.wsj.com/speakeasy/2014/11/19/tracey-morgan-brain-injury/ ...

https://www.wsj.com/articles/BL-SEB-84980

I support an education program for people with traumatic brain injury who want a better future in the work place. I ask The ...

https://www.metrowestdailynews.com/story/news/2011/12/06/edwards-support-brain-injury-services/41134296007/

Did you know that most of the clinicians who attend the Brain Injuries conference have been in this field for over 10 years? ... Two Preconferences examining key challenges in brain injury recovery:Emotions in Check and Problems Solved and Behavioral ... Integrate new developments in science and medicine into practice for brain injury rehabilitation. ... List ways to determine subtle cognitive-communication deficits after acquired brain injury (ABI). ...

http://www.allconferences.com/c/brain-injuries-2013-october-09

Music therapy can help with a variety of brain disorders like traumatic brain injury, stroke, Parkinsons and autism, and its ... Spaulding Rehab Hospital Uses Music To Treat Brain Injuries. February 24, 2016 / 6:35 PM. / CBS Boston ... Now 15 months after his brain injury, Andrew has regained much of what he lost. ... "Music aids our brains ability to heal itself, something called neuroplasticity," says Harris. "Music can actually help ...

https://www.cbsnews.com/boston/news/spaulding-rehab-hospital-music-opioid-brain-injury/

Brain Injury, Personal Injury, Premises Liability,Truck Accident, Police Misconduct and other areas of practice. Call The ... Auto AccidentTruck AccidentPersonal InjuryMedical MalpracticeWorkplace Injuries. View More Practice Areas ... If you want to file an Injury & accident claim, contact our Accident Lawyers, who have expertise in Auto Accident, Car Accident ...

https://cochranfirm.com/atlanta/jane-lamberti-interview-by-tiffany-cochran-edwards/

Katherine Helmick talked about soldier rehabilitation from traumatic brain injury. She also responded to telephone calls and ... Katherine Helmick talked about soldier rehabilitation from traumatic brain injury. She also responded to telephone calls and ... Veterans and Traumatic Brain Injury. 300 Views Program ID:. 295213-7. Category:. Call-In. Format:. Call-In. Location:. ... Katherine Helmick Senior Executive Director Defense Centers of Excellence for Psychological Health and Traumatic Brain Injury-> ...

https://www.c-span.org/video/?295213-7/veterans-traumatic-brain-injury

... allow them to prevent the harmful effects of inflammation after brain injury. ... When traumatic brain injury occurs, it triggers inflammation of the nervous system, which can further harm brain health. ... Targeting specialized brain cells may be the first step in developing better treatments for brain injury.. ... "Chronic inflammation with brain injury is harmful, and in this study we were able to eliminate that inflammatory response of ...

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323630

A 10-minute test using a handheld pupillometer and a questionnaire successfully picked up signs of mild traumatic brain injury ... However, traumatic brain injury is often only identified when moderate or severe head injuries have occurred, leaving mild ... Of the more than 340,000 cases of traumatic brain injury clinically confirmed from 2000 to 2015, mild injury accounted for 82.5 ... To see whether they could identify reliable biomarkers of mild traumatic brain injury that could be detected with an easily ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/865691

... physical assault damages the brain. It is one of the most common causes of disability and death in adults. ... Acquired brain injury hapens when a sudden, external, ... What is traumatic brain injury?. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) ... Brain injury may happen in one of two ways:. * Closed brain injury. Closed brain injuries happen when there is a nonpenetrating ... What is primary and secondary brain injury?. Primary brain injury refers to the sudden and profound injury to the brain that is ...

https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/traumatic-brain-injury

Traumatic Brain Injury A traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an injury to the brain that is caused by an external physical force ... Brain Injury Advisory Council. The purpose of the Brain Injury Advisory Council (BIAC) is to review the nature and cause of ... Traumatic Brain Injury Program Overview. Additional Resources. *North Carolina Traumatic Brain Injury State Plan (full version) ... North Carolina Traumatic Brain Injury Waiver legislation. North Carolina Traumatic Brain Injury State Funds legislation. ...

https://www.ncdhhs.gov/divisions/mental-health-developmental-disabilities-and-substance-abuse/traumatic-brain-injury

The Brain Injury Association of Michigan serves as a conduit between brain injury survivors and the nations largest network of ... brain injury providers, as well as being a primary resource for brain injury information and support. Whether youre a survivor ... Copyright © 2022 The Brain Injury Association of Michigan (BIAMI) is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) organization that serves to create ...

https://www.biami.org/category/support-groups/

... goals and priorities for investment for the Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Mission. The TBI Mission is a Medical Research Future ... MRFF - Traumatic Brain Injury Mission Roadmap. Download Medical Research Future Fund (MRFF) - Traumatic Brain Injury Mission ... Download Medical Research Future Fund (MRFF) - Traumatic Brain Injury Mission Roadmap as Word - 26.59 KB - 3 pages ... Medical Research Future Fund (MRFF) - Traumatic Brain Injury Mission Roadmap. This Roadmap outlines the aim, vision, goals and ...

https://www.health.gov.au/resources/publications/medical-research-future-fund-mrff-traumatic-brain-injury-mission-roadmap

... or is it caused by a serious brain injury? As we learn more about these injuries, theres more evidence than ever before that ... Related: Using Psychedelics and AI to Treat Brain Injuries Stem cell therapy for CTE and TBI based on advanced science. Until ... Brain injuries can be tragic. We owe it to our veterans to help all we can by making sure we provide access to more accurate ... These types of brain injuries, which can drastically alter daily living and quality of life, impact 2 million people per year. ...

https://www.entrepreneur.com/business-news/high-potency-golden-cells-offer-hope-to-those-with-severe/371026

Traumatic brain injury, or TBI, is sometimes called concussion. (latimes.com)
Bruising or concussion occurs when the brain impacts the inside of the skull. (findlaw.com)
Of these, 87 men and 21 women experienced a medically documented mild traumatic brain injury or concussion in the previous 72 hours. (medscape.com)
The severity of a brain injury can range from a mild concussion to a severe injury that results in coma or even death. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
I had never knowingly met a brain injury survivor, all-things-concussion had yet to make the national headlines, and a concussion was something simple that you got if you bumped your head. (brainline.org)
For example, a concussion that can happen from a fall falls under the traumatic brain injury definition. (ehlinelaw.com)
If you or someone you know has suffered a head injury causing a traumatic brain injury, a concussion, or other brain injury, an experienced brain injury lawyer can help. (findlaw.com)
Brain injuries can include everything from concussion/mild traumatic brain injury and traumatic brain injury to non-traumatic brain injury and stroke. (chiroeco.com)
This hypothesis was based on the 4th International Consensus Statement on Concussion in Sport which recommends rest after injury as "a corner stone for acute concussion treatment" and outcomes. (braininjurylawblog.com)
Almost half a million kids are treated in an emergency department each year for traumatic brain injury, including concussion. (cdc.gov)
Note that Mild Traumatic Brain Injury was added as an Entry Term to Brain Concussion. (bvsalud.org)

Cite this: Early Nutrition Improves Outcome in Pediatric Brain Injury - Medscape - Feb 29, 2016. (medscape.com)
The network was formed in April 2016 after discussions between people involved in the research project 'How or why do some brain injured people become homeless in Sheffield' and others setting up a NeuroTriage project in Liverpool. (jiscmail.ac.uk)

deadly car accident , and despite initial reports of 'fair' condition , Morgan's lawyer announced yesterday the 46-year-old actor-comedian is still suffering from a traumatic brain injury. (wsj.com)

If you have a head injury or other trauma that may have caused a TBI, you need to get medical care as soon as possible. (medlineplus.gov)
Because brain injuries can cause a vast array of symptoms that may not seem related to the injury, we coordinate care across several specialties - including the Trauma Center , Neurology , Neurosurgery , Sports Medicine , and Neuropsychology . (childrenshospital.org)
And those whose head trauma was followed by depression reported significantly more pain, greater mobility problems and more difficulty carrying out their usual responsibilities than those who were not plagued by post-injury depression. (latimes.com)
The 559 participants in this study had all come to a trauma center in the Seattle area with head injuries, signs of brain trauma that could be detected by a CT scan and at least a few complications - including loss of consciousness or disorientation. (latimes.com)
Among those distinctions are whether repeated concussions, like those suffered by some U.S. troops and athletes, might make depression more likely than with a single, severe brain trauma. (latimes.com)
Further research will also explore whether certain nerve cells play primarily helpful roles while others facilitate further injury following trauma to the brain. (medicalnewstoday.com)
A traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an injury to the brain that is caused by an external physical force such as hitting your head or other types of blunt force trauma. (ncdhhs.gov)
As we learn more about these injuries, there's more evidence than ever before that many patients diagnosed with PTSD based on reported symptoms have actually sustained physical trauma to the brain. (entrepreneur.com)
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs when head trauma causes damage to the brain. (medpagetoday.com)
The leading causes of head trauma are motor vehicle-related injuries, falls, and assaults. (medpagetoday.com)
Head trauma is classified as blunt (the most common classification), penetrating (most fatal injuries), and blast. (medpagetoday.com)
Blunt force trauma makes up around 15% of head injuries. (experts.com)
When the brain is damaged by trauma or ischemia (restriction in blood supply), immune cells such as macrophages and lymphocytes dispose of the damaged neurons with an inflammatory response. (lifeboat.com)
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the main cause of death in patients 25 years of age and under, responsible for one-third of trauma fatalities. (ehlinelaw.com)
These brain injuries are not hereditary or induced by birth trauma. (ehlinelaw.com)
The brain trauma bill, passed 392-1 by the House, closely mirrors legislation already approved by the Senate, and the Senate is expected to act soon to send it to President Bush for his signature. (veteransforcommonsense.org)
The brain trauma bill is S. 793. (veteransforcommonsense.org)
Acquired brain injuries occur when something internal causes brain trauma, like a blood clot or a stroke. (integratedlistening.com)
The trial is conducted at two leading TBI clinical sites in Finland and it is expected to enroll up to 160 study subjects, most of them trauma patients with head injury or with bone fractures, but also healthy control subjects. (businesswire.com)
Dr. Charles Cox, the co-director of the Red Duke Memorial Hermann Trauma Institute, has received a $6.8 million grant from the Department of Defense to study the use of adult stem cells in adults with traumatic brain injury. (righttoliferoch.org)
Dr. David Prentice, stem cell expert, comments, "The hope, based on previous studies, is that the adult stem cells will help stabilize the brain after trauma as well as decrease any inflammation or secondary effects that could lead to brain damage. (righttoliferoch.org)
Moderate and severe brain injuries are among the most disabling conditions resulting from physical trauma, since the operations of the brain underlie all of our behaviors, emotions and experiences, and thus - any issues in the brain function can adversely affect or completely impair just about any of our physical, mental, or cognitive abilities and skills. (arkadylaw.com)
In some cases, the complex behavioral difficulties that can arise from brain trauma are treatable by psychiatrists, specializing in organic brain impairments - the doctors known as neuropsychiatrists. (arkadylaw.com)
Contusions occur somewhat regularly when a person suffers from a head trauma that causes the brain to knock against the skull and break blood vessels.Contusions can be accompanied by a loss of consciousness, but do not necessarily have to be. (jeffsampsonlaw.com)
Patients who had sustained trauma but suffered no brain injury had a lower rate of having a stroke, compared with individuals who had sustained a traumatic brain injury. (needleellenberg.com)
Ultimately, the study concluded that patients who had sustained a traumatic brain injury were 30 percent more likely to sustain a stroke, compared with individuals who had trauma but did not have a brain injury. (needleellenberg.com)
A study conducted at Tel Aviv University showed cannabinoids administered one to three days after the trauma helped preserve brain cells and long-term cognitive functions. (missourigreendoctors.com)
At the end of part 1, he highlighted the long-term results of neonatal brain injury including epilepsy and psychomotor retardation and emphasizes the existence of "normally developing" children despite a history of birth trauma and/or asphyxia. (jicna.org)
Of a total of 8500 patients with trauma injuries, 1332 were motorcyclists, with a male to female ratio of 15:1. (who.int)
The purpose of this study therefore was to describe the epidemiology of motorcycle rider injuries during 13 months trauma registration in Tehran. (who.int)
Data were obtained from the trauma registry which is a registry of all patients who sustained injury within 1 week prior to presentation to ERs and were hospitalized for more than 24 hours. (who.int)
Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. (bvsalud.org)

However, many people with mild TBI remain conscious after the injury. (medlineplus.gov)
At Boston Children's, our clinicians are international leaders in treating brain injuries, from mild concussions to the most severe traumatic brain injuries. (childrenshospital.org)
The grievously injured had slightly higher rates of depression, yet those thought to have had relatively mild or moderate injuries were nearly as likely as those with the most serious brain traumas to suffer subsequent depression. (latimes.com)
Individuals with head injuries or who suffer from exposure to explosive blasts (such as first responders, accident victims, and combat troops) may experience mild to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) that causes cognitive, behavioral, emotional, and physical problems. (rand.org)
The term "brain injury" encompasses a wide variety of conditions, from mild concussions to damaged brain tissue from an object penetrating the skull. (findlaw.com)
Symptoms of brain injury can range from mild headaches and nausea to short-term memory loss, confusion, or difficulty with impulse control and personality changes. (findlaw.com)
BOSTON - A simple, quick test performed with a pupillometer appears to be an effective screening tool for acute mild traumatic brain injury, US Army investigators report. (medscape.com)
Of the more than 340,000 cases of traumatic brain injury clinically confirmed from 2000 to 2015, mild injury accounted for 82.5%, according to US Department of Defense statistics. (medscape.com)
However, traumatic brain injury is often only identified when moderate or severe head injuries have occurred, leaving mild cases undiagnosed, Dr Capó-Aponte and his colleagues explain in their scientific poster. (medscape.com)
To see whether they could identify reliable biomarkers of mild traumatic brain injury that could be detected with an easily reproducible screening test, he and his colleagues looked for subtle visual changes that could be measured in the office or in the field. (medscape.com)
Some brain injuries are mild, with symptoms disappearing over time with proper attention. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
The symptoms of a TBI depend upon the extent of the damage to the brain and can range from mild to severe. (medpagetoday.com)
What are The Signs of a Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI)? (experts.com)
Mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI) make up around 75-80% of all TBI cases. (experts.com)
While all injuries to the head do not result in TBI, those that do cause an alteration of consciousness can be classified as either mild, moderate, or severe according to the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), loss of consciousness (LOC) time, and posttraumatic amnesia (PTA) time ( TABLE 1 ). (uspharmacist.com)
some which lead to more mild temporary memory loss, and some which can lead to permanent brain damage accompanied by memory loss. (articlesfactory.com)
A study by doctors at Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine provides additional support that use of Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) may be clinically helpful to patients with mild Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI) because it shows possible evidence of brain repair in post-injury patients. (braininjurylawblog.com)
In almost every case in which I represent a client who has sustained a mild traumatic brain injury (TBI), the defense courtroom doctors write that my clients have not, in fact, suffered permanent injuries as everyone who suffers a mild traumatic brain injury goes on to eventually and uneventfully recover. (braininjurylawblog.com)
Despite study after study demonstrating long term effects from mild traumatic brain injury (concussions), it is astounding that defense courtroom doctors still maintain that there are no permanent residuals from mild traumatic brain injury. (braininjurylawblog.com)
Most brain injuries that doctors and lawyers see are classified as "mild. (arkadylaw.com)
Mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) accounts for more than 80 percent of closed head injuries. (arkadylaw.com)
The prevalence of mild traumatic brain injuries with the risk of permanent brain injury is one of the most hotly contested conditions in personal injury claims and injury litigation. (arkadylaw.com)
According to their research, mild to moderate brain injuries doubled the incidence of attention problems in children. (farmerclinecampbell.com)
Injured children within low-income or unstable households suffered from ongoing symptoms even if their head injuries had been mild. (farmerclinecampbell.com)

According to the Brain Injury Association of America, ABI head injuries are fostered by an internal occurrence and is not a result of a congenital, degenerative, or induced through a congenital disability. (ehlinelaw.com)
The Brain Injury Association of America (BIAA) leads the nation in observing Brain Injury Awareness Month annually in March. (chiroeco.com)
National Brain Injury Association Of America from Kingman, AZ. (mohavelocal.com)

He has spent the years since he suffered a traumatic brain injury pushing against his physical limitations to build a life resembling the one he had imagined as a teenager. (washingtontimes.com)
In February 2003 author Louise Mathewson emerged from a two-week coma following an auto accident in which she had suffered a traumatic brain injury. (barnesandnoble.com)
Hence, individuals who suffered a traumatic brain injury may be at risk of central auditory processing disorders , which can be identified with behavioral tests that assess central auditory function. (bvsalud.org)

We offer four specialized outpatient clinics for children who have had a brain injury: two for children who have had recent concussions and two for more specialized follow-up care after a brain injury. (childrenshospital.org)
While TBI can usually be identified based on a specific injury to the head, CTE is a condition caused by ongoing multiple traumas, such as concussions. (entrepreneur.com)
He specializes in providing comprehensive psychological and neuropsychological evaluations for a variety of conditions including dementia, Alzheimer.s disease, complications from a stroke, traumatic brain injury, concussions, learning disabilities, ADHD, and PTSD in clinical, civil, and criminal cases. (experts.com)
The admission-which has been compared with Big Tobacco's 1997 disclosure that smoking causes cancer-comes at a time when the dangers of less severe traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), including concussions, have also been making headlines. (scientificamerican.com)
The lawsuit brought against the NFL by former players will determine how much the NFL knew about the risk of traumatic brain injury and the cumulative effects of TBI in players who have sustained multiple concussions. (traumaticbraininjury.net)
In persons who have pre-existing brain injuries such as prior concussions, a new brain injury can compound the prior injuries, creating new issues including depression, anger, and worsening memory loss. (kramerlaw.com)

You will be surprised to know that you are entitled to receive compensation no matter the severity of the injury. (odglawgroup.com)
Treatment may range from rest and over-the-counter pain medication to anti-seizure drugs and surgery, depending on the severity of the injury. (findlaw.com)
The severity of the injury goes a long way toward determining how the brain responds. (sdbif.org)
A contusion needs to be diagnosed by a medical professional and may require ongoing medical care, depending upon the severity of the injury. (jeffsampsonlaw.com)

Among the 106 survivors of riding-associated TBIs, 84 (79%) had one or more indicators of brain injury severity: 67 (63%) had loss of consciousness, 49 (46%) had posttraumatic amnesia, and 14 (13%) had persistent neurologic sequelae on discharge from the hospital (e.g., seizures or cognitive, hearing, vision, speech, and/or motor impairment). (cdc.gov)
List ways to determine subtle cognitive-communication deficits after acquired brain injury (ABI). (allconferences.com)
Memory loss or some type of amnesia is the most commonplace cognitive side effect of a traumatic brain injury. (articlesfactory.com)
The studies showed how cognitive rehabilitation helped to modify damaged neural connections and various brain functions. (sdbif.org)
Objectives The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in participants suffering from chronic neurological deficits due to traumatic brain injury (TBI) of all severities in the largest cohort evaluated so far with objective cognitive function tests and metabolic brain imaging. (bmj.com)
Johns Hopkins researchers claim to have found significant evidence to link specific memory deficits found in former NFL players with accumulated brain damage using an assortment of imaging and cognitive tests. (traumaticbraininjury.net)
The dispute is usually around whether a person who has significant symptoms of cognitive and/or emotional dysfunction after the brain injury is suffering from permanent brain damage or is likely to recover. (arkadylaw.com)
A neuropsychologist can evaluate changes in a person's cognitive or mental abilities and in behavior caused by the brain injury. (arkadylaw.com)
the psychoactive ingredient of marijuana) protected the brain from pentylenentetrazole (PTZ)-induced cognitive deficits when applied 1-7 days before or 1-3 days after the insult. (missourigreendoctors.com)

To further characterize horseback-riding-associated TBIs, the Oklahoma State Department of Health (OSDH) and CDC analyzed these injuries for 1992-1994. (cdc.gov)
TBIs are often classified as primary or secondary injuries. (medpagetoday.com)
Previous research has shown that TBIs cause axonal damage as well as the buildup of neurotoxic molecular waste products that result from injury. (scientificamerican.com)
The Advisory Council on Brain Injuries (ACBI) wants to decrease the number of TBIs caused by falls off of bicycles by promoting helmet use in all populations, especially among children. (iowa.gov)
The reason for this is not well understood, but an October 2006 study by researchers at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia found that TBIs reduce the levels of a protein in the brain that helps it balance its activity. (articlesfactory.com)
In the decade leading up to 2009, an estimated 173,285 children and adolescents 19 and younger were treated during emergency department visits for sports and recreation-related traumatic brain injuries (TBIs). (braininjurylawblog.com)

Because brain injuries often require long-term rehabilitation, sometimes in a dedicated brain-injury facility, treatment can be very expensive. (findlaw.com)
Integrate new developments in science and medicine into practice for brain injury rehabilitation. (allconferences.com)
2010-08-27T09:17:52-04:00 https://ximage.c-spanvideo.org/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJwaWN0dXJlcy5jLXNwYW52aWRlby5vcmciLCJrZXkiOiJGaWxlc1wvNzQzXC8yOTUyMTMtMDctbS5qcGciLCJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsiZml0IjoiY292ZXIiLCJoZWlnaHQiOjUwNn19fQ== Katherine Helmick talked about soldier rehabilitation from traumatic brain injury. (c-span.org)
Katherine Helmick talked about soldier rehabilitation from traumatic brain injury. (c-span.org)
The long-term or permanent results of brain injury may need post-injury and possibly lifelong rehabilitation. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
You may be able to claim compensation for damages including medical expenses, lost income, hospitalization, cost of rehabilitation, lost future income, permanent injuries, disabilities, pain and suffering and emotional distress. (bestattorney.com)
We recognize that many brain injury (BI) patients continue their recovery after discharge from an inpatient brain injury rehabilitation program. (craighospital.org)
What are the goals of brain injury outpatient rehabilitation? (craighospital.org)
Reintegration into the community is the most commonly accepted outcome factor for successful rehabilitation after brain injury. (craighospital.org)
Neurologic music therapy improves executive function and emotional adjustment in traumatic brain injury rehabilitation. (greenmedinfo.com)
But it's often possible to boost brain plasticity with interventions and rehabilitation during the healing process. (sdbif.org)
Acute Inpatient rehabilitation for veterans and active duty service members on the Polytrauma unit with a brain injury team and an interdisciplinary approach that includes Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation physician, neuropsychological services, substance abuse, medical supervision and physical, occupational and speech therapies and other medical services as needed. (biav.net)
Compensation may be available to pay for the long-term costs associated with these types of injuries, medical expenses, rehabilitation expenses and pain and suffering. (needleellenberg.com)
This form of rehabilitation is aimed at helping patients who suffer from vision problems resulting from a traumatic brain injury (such as a car accident or stroke). (amplifyeyecarechatt.com)

This may cause an acute disruption of brain function. (psychologytoday.com)
Typically, such evaluations are considered for persons who require evaluations by all members of the interdisciplinary team and have a diagnosis of severe acute brain injury. (craighospital.org)
Acute stabilization, preventing secondary injury, and restoring neuronal function are the goal for medical and pharmacologic interventions in an attempt to improve outcomes in this patient population. (uspharmacist.com)
Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM , and BRAIN STEM . (bvsalud.org)
In the setting of acute head injury, give priority to the immediate assessment and stabilization of the airway and circulation. (medscape.com)
Although acute hypothermic treatment has been found to worsen outcomes in patients with diffuse head injuries, it may improve outcomes in patients with surgically-evacuated hematomas. (medscape.com)

There are a lot of high-tech and physiology-focused treatments for traumatic brain injury, and I think that sometimes we forget about feeding these kids because we're so worried about their brains," she told Medscape Medical News . (medscape.com)

A brain injury may occur anytime a blow or jolt to the head takes place. (findlaw.com)
A brain injury can occur even without a high speed or a hard object striking the injured party. (findlaw.com)
Secondary injuries occur as a result of primary injuries and can include hypoxia, a systemic drop in blood pressure, or an increase in intracranial pressure, often caused by alterations of cerebral blood flow or changes in brain tissue or cerebrospinal fluid volume. (medpagetoday.com)
Traumatic brain injuries occur when an external force is in play, like a car accident or falling and hitting your head. (integratedlistening.com)
When spontaneous brain plasticity doesn't occur, it's sometimes possible to boost neuroplasticity artificially. (sdbif.org)
If you are involved in a motor vehicle accident, remember than an open wound need not be noticeable for a TBI to occur and many times injuries are not apparent immediately following an accident. (pasadenalaw.com)
But brain injuries can also occur if the person's body is sufficiently moved, causing the brain to shift within the person's skull. (kramerlaw.com)
Brain injuries can occur in a variety of accidents, including car crashes, slip or trip and falls (such as falling down a staircase or falling backwards), bicycle accidents (especially if the victim is not wearing a helmet). (kramerlaw.com)
Challenges in the form of changes may also occur due to changes resulting from the injury. (newstrendtv.com)
Often, these brain injuries occur due to the carelessness of someone else. (jeffsampsonlaw.com)

Traumatic brain injury-related deaths from firearm suicide: United States, 2008-2017. (cdc.gov)
A new study in CDC's Mobidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) 'Deaths from fall-related traumatic brain injury - United States, 2088-2017' found that in most states the rate of fall-related TBI deaths has increased significantly and the country as a whole saw a 17% increase in fall-related TBI deaths. (iowa.gov)

When traumatic brain injury occurs, it triggers inflammation of the nervous system, which can further harm brain health. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Traumatic brain injury occurs anytime there is an abrupt, forceful movement of the brain. (psychologytoday.com)
Traumatic brain injury usually occurs due to an external force to the cribriform plate behind the nose area and often happens after accidents or blows to the head. (ehlinelaw.com)
When brain injury occurs, the potential for brain damage and brain death ensues. (uspharmacist.com)
The extent to which neuroplasticity occurs depends on an individual's age, the location of the injury, and other factors. (sdbif.org)
The app teaches children about the different ways the brain can get hurt during sports activities and how important it is to tell a coach, parent, or other adult when an injury occurs. (cdc.gov)
Brain injury also occurs through degenerative brain disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. (synapse.org.au)
Swelling generally occurs 48 to 72 hours after the head injury. (jeffsampsonlaw.com)

This is a closed head injury. (medlineplus.gov)
It can be difficult to determine whether a head injury has caused a related brain injury. (findlaw.com)
Someone who has suffered a head injury should be observed for symptoms that may indicate serious brain injury such as confusion and memory difficulties, unusual tiredness, nausea and dizziness, severe headache, and weakness or numbness on one side of the body. (findlaw.com)
What causes a head injury? (hopkinsmedicine.org)
There are many causes of head injury in children and adults. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Here is what PTA looks like following a closed head injury. (experts.com)
Traumatic brain injury's (TBI) after-effects can show up months and years after a long-forgotten head injury from a car accident, a fall, sport-related head injury, etc. (psychologytoday.com)
In a study on rats published this week in The Journal of Neuroscience a team of researchers at University Hospital Zurich (UHZ) found that enhancing the slow-wave cycle of sleep after a traumatic head injury preserves brain function and minimizes damage to axons, the long projections from neurons that send signals to other cells in the brain. (scientificamerican.com)
Our partners will work with medical professionals who have the ability to identify, ascertain and explain critical information to get your thinking right after a difficult head injury from an internal or outside force. (ehlinelaw.com)
Still, if there is a fracture, doctors define it as an open head injury. (ehlinelaw.com)
These types of brain injuries can include brain penetration due to a sharp or piercing object at the injury site (also an open head injury. (ehlinelaw.com)
She added: "There were all these awful stories about Michael after he died, so for Helena not to tell us about the head injury was wrong. (nme.com)
Our multi-sensory programs can be specialized to each user to help improve brain function after a traumatic head injury. (integratedlistening.com)
Does Brain Plasticity Increase After a Head Injury? (sdbif.org)
Brain plasticity, also called neuroplasticity, refers to the brain's ability to adapt its structure and function in response to changes, such as a head injury or aging. (sdbif.org)
Unexpected changes include things like stroke and head injury. (sdbif.org)
A penetrating head injury that disrupts the normal function of the brain. (cdc.gov)
Our successful track record of recovering millions in compensation for clients includes $2,000,000 for a victim who suffered a TBI in a car accident, and also a $698,000 recovery on behalf of a worker who suffered a closed head injury while cutting trees. (jtrucks.com)
If you have suffered a contusion caused by a traumatic head injury, the Louisville contusion attorneys at Sampson Law Firm could help you pursue compensation from the parties responsible. (jeffsampsonlaw.com)
If your head injury was the result of another party's negligence or wrongdoing, you have the right to pursue an injury claim against them. (jeffsampsonlaw.com)
Youth sporting events offer exercise and excitement to families in West Virginia, but if a young player gets a head injury, a study suggests that the person could experience long-term effects. (farmerclinecampbell.com)
Only 2.7% of helmeted riders sustained a head injury, compared with 11.2% of riders without a helmet. (who.int)
In addition, head injury or brain tumors can cause damage to the area of the brain responsible for hypocretin production , leading to secondary narcolepsy. (medscape.com)
Road Traffic Accident represents a significant risk for morbidity and mortality in Ethiopia, of which head injury and multiple sites injury increase injury severity. (who.int)
In addition, a post-hoc analysis found that the rewarming of patients with head injury who arrived in the emergency department already hypothermic was likely detrimental. (medscape.com)
Head injury induces a hypermetabolic state and early nutritional interventions may be as critical as cerebral perfusion pressure. (medscape.com)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a sudden injury that causes damage to the brain. (medlineplus.gov)
The symptoms of TBI depend on the type of injury and how serious the brain damage is. (medlineplus.gov)
Tearing is when an impact causes tissue damage throughout significant areas of the brain. (findlaw.com)
Music can actually help strengthen the connections we have in our brain and build new connections around where the damage might be. (cbsnews.com)
The damage can be focal (confined to one area of the brain) or diffuse (happens in more than one area of the brain). (hopkinsmedicine.org)
What causes bruising and internal damage to the brain? (hopkinsmedicine.org)
When there is a direct blow to the head, the bruising of the brain and the damage to the internal tissue and blood vessels is due to a mechanism called coup-contrecoup. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Unless there is damage to the larger structures of the brain, traumatic brain injury will not show up on an MRI or CT scan. (psychologytoday.com)
Most traumatic brain injuries do not cause gross injury to the brain, but rather result in damage at the level of the cells and axons. (psychologytoday.com)
The team then tested for brain damage in the cortex and hippocampus by staining the rats' brains for amyloid precursor protein, a biomarker used to detect axonal injury. (scientificamerican.com)
The team concluded that immediate treatment with slow-wave sleep-using both a physiological and pharmacological method-had helped preserve brain function and prevent axonal damage in rats suffering from a TBI. (scientificamerican.com)
Shaken baby syndrome (blood clots, internal bleeding, or brain damage from violent shaking of children over a prolonged period, etc. (ehlinelaw.com)
ABI can be from any post-birth damage to the brain. (ehlinelaw.com)
Michael Hutchence 's sister has discussed being "angry" after learning of the INXS singer's brain damage injury from his ex-girlfriend, Helena Christensen. (nme.com)
After his death, it emerged that Hutchence suffered brain damage after being assaulted by a taxi driver in Denmark in 1995. (nme.com)
Damage to the nervous system that results in cerebral palsy may have occurred before birth, during delivery, or in rare cases, as a consequence of accident, injury, or severe illness during infancy or childhood. (faqs.org)
Synapse: Human Performance Centers recognizes that every brain injury is unique, and effects differ from person to person depending on the cause of damage, its severity, and the location in the brain that is affected. (chiroeco.com)
Another type of brain damage is when the actual nerves are damaged, which causes permanent memory loss. (articlesfactory.com)
These result from damage to the nerves and axons (connections between nerves) of the brain itself. (articlesfactory.com)
Acquired brain injuries are those caused by internal factors, such as a stroke, which can damage brain tissue and affect muscle control, speech, cognition, and other functions. (sdbif.org)
When a negligent party, such as a reckless driver, caused the accident that inflicted the brain damage , the injured victim may want to have the advice and counsel of an attorney when seeking appropriate compensation for the losses caused by the at-fault party. (farmerclinecampbell.com)
Damage or pressure to the vagus nerve after a brain injury can contribute to inflammation and symptoms similar to other post brain injury conditions. (hopeafterbraininjury.org)
Traumatic brain injury can be caused by any damage that disrupts normal brain function. (missourigreendoctors.com)
By reducing inflammation and swelling, cannabinoids can prevent secondary damage to the brain and reduce neurological impairment. (missourigreendoctors.com)
Aim: To study the role and possible mechanism of He-Ne laser acupoint irradiation treatment on hypoxia ischemia brain damage (HIBD). (edu.au)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. (cdc.gov)
Medical records of persons with TBI are reviewed by state injury-prevention service personnel at all 125 hospitals in the state either one, two, or four times per year (frequency depends on the size of the hospital). (cdc.gov)
Our team members are actively involved in the community, providing education and injury prevention programs, with the long-term goal of reducing brain injuries and improving outcomes for children who have been injured. (childrenshospital.org)
The Brain Injury Service Program, along with the Advisory Council on Brain Injuries, partners with the Iowa Falls Prevention Coalition to raise awareness about falls prevention activities in Iowa. (iowa.gov)
The Child Passenger Safety Fact Sheet - This fact sheet provides information on child passenger injuries and injury prevention strategies. (iowa.gov)
The study calls for prevention efforts to prevent brain injuries in these groups that are more vulnerable. (bestattorney.com)
The legislation authorizes National Institutes of Health programs through fiscal year 2011 and directs the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to conduct a study into national traumatic brain injury trends and identify treatments. (veteransforcommonsense.org)
Title : Brain injury in kids Corporate Authors(s) : National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (U.S.). Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention. (cdc.gov)
Public health approaches to injury prevention can reduce the rate of TBI and its long-term consequences. (cdc.gov)
Following stabilization, direct attention to prevention of secondary injury. (medscape.com)

Five-year outcomes of persons with (Traumatic Brain Injury) TBI: 22% died, 30% became worse, 22% stayed same, and 26% improved. (cdc.gov)
ORLANDO, Florida - For children who have experienced traumatic brain injury, early nutritional support is associated with better outcomes and less mortality, according to a secondary analysis. (medscape.com)
There is evidence that melatonin treatment after traumatic brain injury significantly improves both behavioural outcomes and pathological outcomes. (greenmedinfo.com)
Lower extremity injuries, which affect 32% to 80% of injured riders, are the most common outcomes of nonfatal motorcycle crashes [3,9]. (who.int)
Although hypothermic therapy initially appeared promising, and despite the fact that hypothermia decreases intracranial pressure, a large randomized study of 392 patients with head injuries recently demonstrated that hypothermic therapy does not improve outcomes. (medscape.com)

A moderate or severe TBI is caused by a bump, blow, or jolt to the head or by a penetrating injury (such as from a gunshot ) to the head. (cdc.gov)
For moderate to severe TBI , the first thing health care providers will do is stabilize you to prevent further injury. (medlineplus.gov)
Among those hospitalized, the Abbreviated Injury Severity (AIS) scores ** for the head region ranged from two (moderate) (64% of cases) to five (critical) (5% of cases). (cdc.gov)
Risk of death from unintentional injury doubles following a moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. (cdc.gov)
The sample comprised 8- to 18-year-old individuals of both sexes who suffered moderate or severe closed traumatic brain injury 3 to 24 months before their participation in the study and whose hearing thresholds were normal. (bvsalud.org)

If you want to file an Injury & accident claim, contact our Accident Lawyers, who have expertise in Auto Accident , Car Accident , Brain Injury , Personal Injury , Premises Liability , Truck Accident , Police Misconduct and other areas of practice . (cochranfirm.com)
Please select a city to find local Arizona Brain Injury lawyers. (findlaw.com)
The Indianapolis brain injury lawyers at Stewart & Stewart Attorneys point out that as many as 60 percent of TBI patients are diagnosed with a condition known as alexithymia, which can be identified by the patient displaying difficulties recognizing his or her own emotional state, as well as that of others. (getstewart.com)
Our Indianapolis personal injury lawyers are anxious to see how TBI treatment continues to evolve. (getstewart.com)
Representing clients in need of personal injury lawyers, vehicle accident attorneys , bicycle accident lawyers , wrongful death and catastrophic injury attorneys , defective product liability lawyers , unsafe conditions and negligence attorneys , medical malpractics lawyers , and dog bite and injury attorneys . (aclawyers.com)
Contact our Flint traumatic brain injury lawyers to schedule a free consultation. (jtrucks.com)
Our experienced Flint traumatic brain injury lawyers are prepared to help you pursue maximum compensation for your damages. (jtrucks.com)
The lawyers at Sampson Law Firm are dedicated to personal injury cases, so they know how to handle these and other cases in order to earn you the largest possible financial award. (jeffsampsonlaw.com)
Miami personal injury lawyers help individuals who have sustained traumatic brain injuries seek compensation from the negligent party that caused the injury. (needleellenberg.com)

Over the next six months, and then again at eight, 10 and 12 months after each participant's injury, researchers conducted a detailed telephone interview to gauge his or her mood and ability to function. (latimes.com)
A new standard of care proposed by RAND researchers aims to redefine high-quality care for veterans with a traumatic brain injury or posttraumatic stress disorder. (rand.org)
However, researchers are looking into preventing that inflammatory response by targeting one type of brain cell. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Researchers from Ohio State University in Columbus have recently conducted a study in mice, investigating a new cellular target with the potential to prevent inflammation following traumatic brain injury . (medicalnewstoday.com)
Another aspect that the researchers are investigating is what the inflammatory response looks like at different times following brain injury. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Recently, researchers have been focusing on the origins of PTSD: Is it strictly psychological, or is it caused by a serious brain injury? (entrepreneur.com)
During this stage, the brain clears out protein buildup, leading the researchers to question whether it could help treat rats that had suffered a brain injury. (scientificamerican.com)
The researchers used electroencephalography, a method for recording electrical activity in the brain, to confirm that they had successfully enhanced slow-wave sleep in the rats in the first two groups. (scientificamerican.com)
The researchers added that caffeic acid and tyrosol may help to regulate the cells' response to injury with their anti-inflammatory properties. (winespectator.com)
Without enough of that protein, the brain can "overload," the researchers said, interfering with memory formation, particularly the ability to learn new things. (articlesfactory.com)
To get a better understanding of the impacts on employees, employers, and how to support staff as they return to work, listen to this CCOHS podcast with researchers from the University of Toronto's Acquired Brain Injury & Society Team. (libsyn.com)

These types of brain injuries, which can drastically alter daily living and quality of life, impact 2 million people per year. (entrepreneur.com)

Victims of traumatic brain injuries in Glendale would typically dismiss the idea of hiring a lawyer. (odglawgroup.com)
An experienced California brain injury lawyer will be able to help victims and their families evaluate their legal rights and options. (bestattorney.com)
An experienced brain injury lawyer may be able to help. (findlaw.com)
Use FindLaw to hire a local brain injury lawyer who can help you recover money and other damages for injuries, economic losses (lost wages), emotional distress, and loss of companionship. (findlaw.com)
Our accident and personal injury practice serves as many as 2,000 clients per year, and every case is supervised by a certified trial lawyer. (braininjurylawblog.com)
Is it too late to hire a personal injury lawyer for your claim? (getstewart.com)
Do I Need To Hire a Lawyer for My Indiana Personal Injury Case? (getstewart.com)
However, if the recovering person can better comprehend what caused the injury and may need the services of a lawyer. (newstrendtv.com)
When considering a lawyer to manage your TBI, it is important to find one who specifically understands the nuances of a serious brain injury. (jtrucks.com)

Last week a senior National Football League official acknowledged for the first time the link between head injuries in professional football and a degenerative brain disease called chronic traumatic encephalopathy. (scientificamerican.com)
A recent autopsy of a former NFL lineman from Pennsylvania who killed himself at the age of 25 shows the athlete had chronic traumatic encephalopathy, a neurodegenerative brain disease related to repeated brain injuries. (traumaticbraininjury.net)

Unlike some therapies, which focus on specific brain centers, music therapy hits them all. (cbsnews.com)
Synapse: Human Performance Centers, located on the Parker University campus, is dedicated to enhancing the quality of life of those suffering from any type of brain injury. (chiroeco.com)
The Synapse: Human Performance Centers team shares, "Brain injury awareness is important because society's perception on brain injuries is skewed. (chiroeco.com)

What are the symptoms of traumatic brain injury (TBI)? (medlineplus.gov)
After a motorcycle accident, Master Sergeant Stalnaker started having symptoms of traumatic brain injury, or TBI. (health.mil)

What is primary and secondary brain injury? (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Secondary brain injury refers to the changes that evolve over a period of hours to days after the primary brain injury. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

Cerebral palsy is the general term for a group of abnormal conditions commonly associated with a brain disorder that causes the loss or impairment of muscle control. (faqs.org)
Brain injury includes a number of conditions and disorders that result in impairment to the brain and its functions. (synapse.org.au)

While previously they may have been athletic and vibrant, a traumatic brain injury (TBI) might have altered their physical abilities and emotional state. (pasadenalaw.com)
The person who is recovering or has already recovered from brain injury may exhibit behavioral and emotional changes. (newstrendtv.com)
Pain and suffering - Compensation provided for the physical pain and emotional suffering resulting from a brain injury. (jtrucks.com)

Brain-injury survivors who were depressed near or at the time of their accidents, who had suffered post-traumatic stress disorder or had any other past psychiatric diagnosis, and those who were intoxicated on cocaine or methamphetamine had far higher rates of post-injury depression. (latimes.com)
Brain injuries are among the most serious consequences of major accidents such as automobile or motorcycle crashes, sports injuries, or industrial or workplace mishaps. (findlaw.com)
Closed brain injuries are usually caused by car accidents, falls, and increasingly, in sports. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
The most common injuries are from motor vehicle accidents (where the person is either riding in the car or is struck as a pedestrian), violence, falls, or as a result of shaking a child (as seen in cases of child abuse). (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Motor vehicle accidents make up around 14% of all head injuries. (experts.com)
Studies show that every year 1.5 million people in the United States sustain a traumatic brain injury from traffic and sports accidents, falls or violence, resulting in 50,000 deaths and 235,000 hospitalizations. (veteransforcommonsense.org)

David Hovda, a neurobiologist at the UCLA Brain Injury Research Center, said the study made clear what clinicians had long suspected: "Major depressive disorder can have severe consequences for recovery from TBI. (latimes.com)
Did you know that most of the clinicians who attend the Brain Injuries conference have been in this field for over 10 years? (allconferences.com)
This tip card is an excellent tool to help families, caregivers and clinicians understand the causes and consequences of confabulation after brain injury. (lapublishing.com)
2 Prompt identification and appropriate early management of traumatic brain injury is essential to optimise outcome, however, few guidelines are available for clinicians on management in the challenging prehospital environment. (bmj.com)
Ford was among the first clinicians who put together a concise review of clinical and pathological aspects of cerebral birth injuries in his first book Cerebral Birth Injuries and Their Results, which was published in 1927 [ 100 ]. (jicna.org)

A 2020 review of neuroplasticity therapies to treat stroke survivors suggests that approaches such as brain stimulation therapy and virtual reality might help enhance brain plasticity. (sdbif.org)

What is diffuse axonal injury (DAI)? (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Diffuse axonal injury is the shearing (tearing) of the brain's long connecting nerve fibers (axons) that happens when the brain is injured as it shifts and rotates inside the bony skull. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Contact phenomenon", typically result in what is called a "focal" brain injury as opposed to a "diffuse" brain injury. (tbilaw.com)
The term "diffuse" is used to describe the situation where the pathology is spread throughout the brain. (tbilaw.com)
Focal injuries are typically large enough that they can be identified "macroscopically" (meaning without the use of a microscope) and diffuse injuries are typically microscopic. (tbilaw.com)
Le CCHST diffuse chaque mois de nouveaux balados pour vous permettre de rester informés et au fait des questions de santé, de sécurité et de mieux-être en milieu de travail au Canada. (libsyn.com)

Music therapy can help with a variety of brain disorders like traumatic brain injury, stroke, Parkinson's and autism, and it's used for patients of all ages, including children. (cbsnews.com)
According to research published in the April 18 issue of Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry , Champagne may help protect the brain against injuries incurred during a stroke and other ailments, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. (winespectator.com)
Once the nerve cells were observed to be firing, the scientists simulated a stroke by exposing the cells to a compound called peroxynitrite, a reactive compound formed in the brain during inflammatory conditions. (winespectator.com)
July 28, 2011 - Adults who sustain a traumatic brain injury (TBI) are at increased risk of having a stroke, particularly in the first 3 months after injury, a population-based study from Taiwan indicates. (medscape.com)
After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and selected comorbidities, TBI was independently associated with a greater than 10-fold increased risk for stroke in the first 3 months after injury and a greater than 4-fold increased risk up to 1 year after the injury. (medscape.com)
According to a large new study, individuals who sustain a traumatic brain injury may have an increased risk of developing a stroke. (needleellenberg.com)
Within 28 months after they sustained a traumatic brain injury, more than 11,000 patients had sustained a stroke. (needleellenberg.com)

If you are struck by an object and affected your head, then you might suffer from a type of traumatic brain injury. (odglawgroup.com)
But the measures that physicians use to diagnose the severity of brain injury were not very good predictors of whether a survivor would go on to suffer depression. (latimes.com)
They're also more likley to suffer from severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), chronic tramautic encephalopathy (CTE) and depression. (entrepreneur.com)
Each year, according to CDC estimates, 2.5 million individuals suffer a traumatic brain injury (TBI). (psychologytoday.com)
Patients who suffer from traumatic brain injuries often also suffer from memory loss. (articlesfactory.com)
If you suffer from traumatic brain injury-related memory problems, you may wish to contact an experienced TBI attorney to discuss your options, which may include filing a brain injury lawsuit in order to gain compensation for your medical costs. (articlesfactory.com)

What are the treatments for traumatic brain injury (TBI)? (medlineplus.gov)
The treatments for TBI depend on many factors, including the size, severity, and location of the brain injury. (medlineplus.gov)
By boosting immunity and reducing inflammation throughout the body and brain, these treatments amplify the body's own natural ability to heal itself and regenerate damaged tissue. (entrepreneur.com)

If you sustained your injuries at work, then you are eligible to receive workers' compensation benefits. (odglawgroup.com)
Our attorneys at ODG Law Group are committed to helping you win your workers' compensation claim after an accident that led to your traumatic brain injuries. (odglawgroup.com)
They have helped workers who suffered from traumatic brain injuries in Glendale to receive the compensation that they truly deserved. (odglawgroup.com)
No matter what the cause of your traumatic brain injuries in Glendale , make sure to contact our workers' compensation attorneys to help you out with your claim. (odglawgroup.com)
If you or a loved one suffers from a brain injury caused by another's carelessness or negligence, you may be able to get financial compensation for your medical costs or pain and suffering. (findlaw.com)
This section provides several resources to help you determine whether you've suffered a brain injury, whether you have a legal claim, and how much compensation you could receive. (findlaw.com)
People with brain injuries that resulted from the negligent conduct of another could receive financial compensation for their injuries. (findlaw.com)
If you have suffered a brain injury as a result of a car accident, slip-and-fall accident or any other form of negligence or wrongdoing, you may be able to file a personal injury lawsuit against the at-fault parties seeking compensation. (bestattorney.com)
As such, the brain injury Odjaghian Law firm may come in handy in helping the injured understand their rights representing the injured in a court of law for compensation. (newstrendtv.com)
Getting monetary compensation for your injuries means that you can seek the medical attention you need and take some time to heal. (jeffsampsonlaw.com)
If you were hurt in an accident that caused a serious contusion, an injury attorney is likely your best resource for getting the financial compensation that you are owed. (jeffsampsonlaw.com)
Damages may also be available to provide compensation for the lifestyle change that is associated with significant brain injuries. (needleellenberg.com)

It's important to remember that nutrition is another treatment for the brain, basically," Dr Meinert said here at the Society of Critical Care Medicine's 45th Critical Care Congress. (medscape.com)
2013;12:546-553 ), which evaluated therapeutic hypothermia as a treatment for traumatic brain injury in children. (medscape.com)
It's important to remember that nutrition is another treatment for the brain. (medscape.com)
Our clinics offer comprehensive evaluation, treatment, and ongoing management of brain injuries by a team of various specialists, based on each child's specific symptoms and needs. (childrenshospital.org)
Knowing the symptoms can help you determine the extent of a brain injury and the appropriate treatment. (findlaw.com)
Since attempts at treating brain injury simply with anti-inflammatory drugs have not succeeded, she notes, learning more about the mechanisms of the inflammatory response in the brain is crucial to designing an appropriate treatment. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Or more specifically, getting treatment based on a diagnosis that's either incorrect or doesn't completely reveal the true nature of an underlying disease or injury. (entrepreneur.com)
If patients can receive life-improving treatment for physical brain injuries, why aren't more patients - especially our nation's veterans - getting screened for them? (entrepreneur.com)
Another reason that patients don't get appropriate treatment is that until recently, access to more accurate tests for physical brain injuries hasn't been available. (entrepreneur.com)
Together the patient, family and clinician establish an outpatient treatment plan with appropriate goals for the patient with brain injury. (craighospital.org)
A treatment plan is built on an understanding of the patient's neurological diagnosis and prognosis, as well as the relationships between the injury and behavior. (craighospital.org)
Medicortex Finland Oy is a biotechnology company dedicated to improving the diagnostics and treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). (businesswire.com)
At Stewart & Stewart Attorneys, we are hopeful that technology can be used to help provide faster and more efficient treatment for brain injury victims. (getstewart.com)
It can also be challenging to link your injuries to the accident if you did not immediately go to a doctor for treatment. (jtrucks.com)
The neurologist can also evaluate and treat the complications of brain injury, such as post-traumatic seizures and provide medical treatment for headaches and dizziness. (arkadylaw.com)
Like with most other serious injuries, getting evaluation and treatment promptly can significantly affect the recovery of the person diagnosed with a traumatic brain injury. (arkadylaw.com)
Furthermore, a single treatment with the low dose of THC elevated the level of pCREB (phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein) in the hippocampus and the level of BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) in the frontal cortex. (missourigreendoctors.com)
These long-lasting effects indicate that a single treatment with an ultra-low dose of THC can modify brain plasticity and induce long-term behavioral and developmental effects in the brain. (missourigreendoctors.com)
At Berea Hospital in the north of the country, nurse and midwife Sello Ramakanate noted the improvements a new intensive care unit will bring for treatment of traumatic brain injuries, which are common in the area. (who.int)
INTRODUCTION: Thanks to the technological evolution of the different imaging techniques, which are now increasingly precise, the surgical or, more specifically, neurosurgical treatment of certain brain lesions has made tremendous strides. (bvsalud.org)

Our unique approach to treating brain injuries is helping to define the best practices in care for brain injuries, from early response through inpatient care and long-term follow-up. (childrenshospital.org)

The effect of music therapy on physiological parameters of patients with traumatic brain injury. (greenmedinfo.com)
Dueling conditions can cause significant suffering and confusion for patients with traumatic brain injuries. (hopeafterbraininjury.org)

The Incidence and Economic Burden of Injuries in the United States. (cdc.gov)
There are no data and previous studies on the incidence and pattern of motorcycle injuries in our country. (who.int)
Because of the mountainous terrain, and the use of donkeys and horses as modes of transport, the incidence of traumatic brain injuries is high. (who.int)

In the year after a traumatic brain injury, roughly half of survivors will likely experience a bout of clinical depression - a rate almost eight times higher than that found in the general population, a study published Tuesday in the Journal of the American Medical Assn. has found. (latimes.com)
1 Patients with severe traumatic brain injury have a high mortality rate (30-50%) and many survivors will have persistent severe neurological disability. (bmj.com)
The Brain Injury Association of Michigan serves as a conduit between brain injury survivors and the nation's largest network of brain injury providers, as well as being a primary resource for brain injury information and support. (biami.org)
Love Your Brain provides yoga and other physical and mental activities for survivors of brain injuries. (barneykaramanis.com)

Music aids our brains ability to heal itself, something called neuroplasticity," says Harris. (cbsnews.com)
Functional plasticity refers to the brain's ability to heal itself after injury. (sdbif.org)

But Morelli seemed to be warning the public to prepare for a worst-case scenario as he went on: 'But we just don't know because of the severity of the injuries that he sustained and the fact that he had such a severe brain injury. (wsj.com)

A medical doctor can assess brain injury using imaging tests, employing the Glasgow Coma Scale Test, and by asking after symptoms experienced or observed at the time of and immediately after the injury occurred. (findlaw.com)
Inclusion criteria were a loss of consciousness of not more than 30 minutes, post-traumatic amnesia and/or altered mental state lasting no more than 24 hours, a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 13 to 15, and normal structural brain imaging. (medscape.com)
Unfortunately, due to her accident, Anne suffered a severe anoxic brain injury and remains in a coma, in critical condition," the rep said in a statement. (yahoo.com)

The impacts of brain injury are also experienced by family and friends, particularly when the injury has resulted in personality or behaviour change. (synapse.org.au)

A closed brain injury is caused by a rapid forward or backward movement and shaking of the brain inside the bony skull that results in bruising and tearing of brain tissue and blood vessels. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
It includes an entire series of steps or stages of cellular, chemical, tissue, or blood vessel changes in the brain that contribute to further destruction of brain tissue. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
A research team led by Associate Professor Mitsuharu ENDO and Professor Yasuhiro MINAMI (both from the Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University) has pinpointed the mechanism underlying astrocyte-mediated restoration of brain tissue after an injury. (lifeboat.com)
Results: He-Ne laser acupoint irradiation was effective in inhibiting the loss of Nissl bodies in brain tissue and promoting the expression of ChAT and BDNF in brain tissue after hypoxia-ischemia. (edu.au)

in addition, approximately 80,000 persons who survive TBI incur some loss of function, residual disability, and increased medical-care needs because of these injuries (3). (cdc.gov)
With more than 5.3 million children and adults in the U.S. living with a permanent brain injury-related disability, it is crucial to recognize the need for brain injury awareness and associated education. (chiroeco.com)
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of disability and death in the United States. (uspharmacist.com)
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of disability, death, and high healthcare costs in the United States that affects not only the injured persons but also their families and society. (uspharmacist.com)
TBI is a major cause of death and disability in the United States, contributing to about 30% of all injury deaths. (cdc.gov)
Brain injuries are often called the 'hidden disability' because, although people can experience significant changes in how they think, feel and relate to others, there may be no outward physical signs of injury. (synapse.org.au)
Injuries are the most common cause of death among people 1 to 34 years of age, a leading cause of disability and years of life lost, and a major contributor to health care costs [1]. (who.int)
One study reported that 80% of patients with severe head injuries experienced recoveries with no or little disability after volume expansion, mannitol, CSF drainage, and vasopressors were used to maintain a cerebral perfusion pressure of at least 70 mm Hg. (medscape.com)

Common brain injuries typically result from bruising, tearing, or swelling. (findlaw.com)
Brain injuries are typically either open or closed. (findlaw.com)
For example, while degenerative disorders typically impact the body's ability to control movement, other brain injuries may have an impact on cognition, personality and behaviour. (synapse.org.au)

Neuro-optometrists are trained to diagnose and treat vision problems caused by traumatic brain injury and neurological conditions. (amplifyeyecarechatt.com)
This early appreciation for categorizing disorders by etiology created a paradigm shift in the pursuit of deciphering the pathogenesis of neurological disorders of the developing brain. (jicna.org)

Post-Traumatic Amnesia (PTA) is a state of confusion and memory loss right after a traumatic brain injury. (experts.com)

Programs to support caregivers and families of veterans with traumatic brain injuries will benefit from further research on the specific economic and health needs of these caregivers. (rand.org)
In her new documentary Quiet Explosions: Healing the Brain, Jerri Sher presents the stories of veterans who were told they had PTSD, but found later that their symptoms were actually caused by previously undetected TBI or CTE. (entrepreneur.com)

The 2021-2023 campaign theme is "More Than My Brain Injury," and it helps educate people about what it is actually like to live with a brain injury. (chiroeco.com)

To characterize and compare the performance of children and adolescents with and without a history of traumatic brain injury in behavioral tests that assess central auditory processing . (bvsalud.org)
These individuals were matched for sex and age with other subjects without a history of traumatic brain injury and submitted to behavioral assessment of the central auditory processing with special tests to assess hearing skills (namely, auditory closure, figure-ground, and temporal processing ), selected according to their chronological age and response- ability . (bvsalud.org)

While PTSD can result from exposure to stress, we're finding that in more and more patients, physical brain injuries may actually cause symptoms of PTSD. (entrepreneur.com)
One explanation may be that symptoms of PTSD and brain injuries can be very similar. (entrepreneur.com)
But while experts acknowledge an association among these disorders, recent research reveals that physical brain injuries can actually cause PTSD. (entrepreneur.com)

A traumatic brain injury (TBI) happens after a bump, blow, or jolt to the head. (medlineplus.gov)

The Seventh Department of Defense State-of-the-Science Meeting examined the risk posed to military personnel by low-level blast exposure, the current evidence base, and potentially promising approaches to prevent and detect blast injuries. (rand.org)
Such a diagnostic tool is truly awaited and it will considerably improve the possibilities to detect a traumatic brain injury in patients who are suffering from symptoms caused by a hit to the head. (businesswire.com)
But it also can detect brain injury. (subtlebraininjury.com)
Brain injuries can be difficult to detect, especially since symptoms may not present themselves for days or weeks after an accident happens. (jtrucks.com)

Neuroplasticity plays a role as the brain tries to resume regular functions, like speaking and controlling the movement of limbs. (sdbif.org)
Does a brain injury increase neuroplasticity? (sdbif.org)
Just as exercise and learning can enhance brain structure and function, the body's natural healing and recovery process after an injury can also increase neuroplasticity. (sdbif.org)

Traumatic brain injury is a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality in the UK. (bmj.com)
Traffic accident injuries represent an important proportion of injury-related morbidity and mortality among young people [2]. (who.int)

Traumatic brain injuries will impair your ability to function well. (odglawgroup.com)
Traumatic brain injury can impair the central auditory pathways and auditory cortex . (bvsalud.org)

Anatomy28

Organisms8

Diseases101

Chemicals and Drugs14

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment51

Psychiatry and Psychology13

Phenomena and Processes28

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Humanities2

Information Science7

Named Groups2

Health Care28

Optimization of magnesium therapy after severe diffuse axonal brain injury in rats. (1/4075)

N-Methyl-D-aspartate antagonists and apoptotic cell death triggered by head trauma in developing rat brain. (2/4075)

One year outcome in mild to moderate head injury: the predictive value of acute injury characteristics related to complaints and return to work. (3/4075)

Parkinson's syndrome after closed head injury: a single case report. (4/4075)

Cerebral blood flow in the monkey after focal cryogenic injury. (5/4075)

An intrathecal bolus of cyclosporin A before injury preserves mitochondrial integrity and attenuates axonal disruption in traumatic brain injury. (6/4075)

Evaluating methods for estimating premorbid intellectual ability in closed head injury. (7/4075)

Frozen in time: life in the face of chronic care cutbacks. (8/4075)

Brain Injuries

Wounds and Injuries

Brain Injury, Chronic

Brain Chemistry

Brain

Athletic Injuries

Diffuse Axonal Injury

Reperfusion Injury

Injury Severity Score

Spinal Cord Injuries

Blast Injuries

Brain Edema

Glasgow Coma Scale

Brain Neoplasms

Brain Ischemia

Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain

Brain Mapping

Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Brain Concussion

Head Injuries, Closed

Trauma Severity Indices

Disease Models, Animal

Neuroprotective Agents

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Head Injuries, Penetrating

Recovery of Function

Brain Damage, Chronic

Leg Injuries

Hypoxia, Brain

Lung Injury

Cerebral Cortex

Neurons

Time Factors

Post-Concussion Syndrome

Glasgow Outcome Scale

Eye Injuries

Neck Injuries

Craniocerebral Trauma

Blood-Brain Barrier

Acute Lung Injury

Intracranial Pressure

Brain Stem

Mice, Inbred C57BL

Brain Infarction

Abdominal Injuries

Intracranial Hypertension

Acute Kidney Injury

Abbreviated Injury Scale

Cerebrovascular Circulation

Arm Injuries

Hypothermia, Induced

Wounds, Nonpenetrating

Thoracic Injuries

Hand Injuries

Hippocampus

Animals, Newborn

Accidents, Traffic

Spinal Injuries

Knee Injuries

Rats, Wistar

Neuropsychological Tests

Cognition Disorders

Immunohistochemistry

Astrocytes

Epilepsy, Post-Traumatic

Facial Injuries

Heart Injuries

Brain Abscess

Analysis of Variance

Persistent Vegetative State

Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery

Myocardial Reperfusion Injury

Maze Learning

S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit

Back Injuries

Soft Tissue Injuries

Behavior, Animal

Cell Death

Multiple Trauma

Drug-Induced Liver Injury