Spatial view cells

DUF1220

Transmembrane protein 53

NBPF10

Long-term memory

List of PET radiotracers

China Brain Project

Primate basal ganglia system

Ann Graybiel

Fluoro-Jade stain

California National Primate Research Center

Posterior cingulate

Pseudogene

Brain/MINDS

Huntington's disease

Striosome

Outline of brain mapping

Gene therapy in Parkinson's disease

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

MGAT2

Oregon National Primate Research Center

Posterior cingulate cortex

Management of Parkinson's disease

Internal globus pallidus

Cortical implant

Allen Brain Atlas

Hippocampus

Before the Dawn (book)

Serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor

Humans32

• Similarities in the central motor pathways between monkeys and humans have led to the development of safe and effective interventions to slow the progress of Parkinson's disease. (ucdavis.edu)
• The researchers compared long-term birth rates and death rates from seven different wild primate species with the !Kung, a population of hunter-gatherer humans in southern Africa who were selected for the study because of their limited access to modern birth control and medicine. (healthcanal.com)
• The study was the first to compare humans with multiple primate species living in the wild. (healthcanal.com)
• Testing how the presence of a living grandparent affects grandchild survival in non-human primates would be the next step in understanding why menopause has evolved in humans - and why not in other primates, she said. (healthcanal.com)
• A revised view of the primate visual system may serve as a future reference for understanding how vision works in humans. (cshl.edu)
• It is no coincidence that we humans are so good at using our hands and using tools, our large brains made it possible," Heldstab said. (bigthink.com)
• It seems inefficient that primates, like chimps and humans, undergo such a long period of learning and dependency. (bigthink.com)
• William Klunk on PIB binding in aged primate brain: enrichment of high-affinity sites in humans with Alzheimer's disease. (alzforum.org)
• Adapiforms, which are not directly related to humans, evolved after the earliest primate ancestors, called plesiadapiforms, which lived about 65 million years ago. (phys.org)
• While it's true humans and other modern primates have very large brains, that story started down at the base of our group," Bloch said. (phys.org)
• More than 2 billion people - nearly one out of every three humans on earth, including about 60 million people in the United States - have a lifelong infection with the brain-dwelling parasite Toxoplasma gondii . (eurekalert.org)
• Alcohol's effects on the brain: Neuroimaging results in humans and animal models. (thefreelibrary.com)
• There is perhaps more uncertainty for Alzheimer's than most other age-related conditions when it comes to the degree to which the models are a useful representation of the disease state in humans - which might go some way towards explaining the promising failures that litter the field. (fightaging.org)
• Here, we demonstrate that tES, as typically applied to humans, affects the firing patterns of individual neurons in alert nonhuman primates, which are the best available animal model for the human brain. (pnas.org)
• These results call into question "the social brain hypothesis," which has posited that humans and other primates are big-brained due to factors pertaining to sociality. (nyu.edu)
• Are humans and other primates big-brained because of social pressures and the need to think about and track our social relationships, as some have argued? (nyu.edu)
• In addition, when the scientists compared cell types from humans and mice, they found that the majority of human brain cells have counterparts in mouse brains but that there are also remarkable differences. (scientificamerican.com)
• Dopamine depletion in the brains of humans and animals leads to a number of changes possibly relevant to bradykinesia in neuronal , electromyographic ( EMG ) and movement parameters. (scholarpedia.org)
• The infant macaques show that targeted genome editing is feasible in primates-a potential boon for scientists studying complex diseases, including neurological ones, and an advance that suggests that the method could one day work in humans. (technologyreview.com)
• For example, he says, lots of drugs that work in mice to treat disease don't work in humans. (technologyreview.com)
• The hope is that disease and drug research in monkeys will more likely lead to therapies in humans because the primates share complex behaviors and social structures. (technologyreview.com)
• We believe the success of this strategy in nonhuman primates gives lots of potential for its application in humans, but we think due to the safety issue, it will take a long way for expanding this strategy to human embryos," says Ji. (technologyreview.com)
• Their brains also took longer to develop, similar to that what occurs in humans. (theepochtimes.com)
• While many of the connections in non-human primates may be present in humans, they are less well documented. (wikipedia.org)
• Unlike Mad Cow Disease, it does not appear humans can get the disease by eating contaminated meat and no such cases have been reported. (mirror.co.uk)
• Macaques develop age-associated cognitive/memory impairments as well as brain abnormalities (particularly senile plaques) similar to those occurring in the brains of older humans and individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD). (springer.com)
• The hippocampus (named after its resemblance to the seahorse , from the Greek ἱππόκαμπος, "seahorse" from ἵππος hippos , "horse" and κάμπος kampos , "sea monster") is a major component of the brains of humans and other vertebrates . (google.com)
• Humans and other mammals have two hippocampi, one in each side of the brain. (google.com)
• There are also important anatomic differences between the brains of humans and rodents that become especially relevant when studying HD, including the lack of a gyrencephalic (convoluted) cortex and differences in the structure and cellular characteristics of the basal ganglia compared to humans. (medicalnewstoday.com)
• While similar work has been done in other primates, this is the first to involve humans, he said. (eurekalert.org)
• A number of research reports show how large differences in gene expression are commonly observed between humans and chimps for many genes that both species share, particularly in those associated with brain activity. (icr.org)
• An even more recent study in 2012 used a new, highly accurate method of studying methylation profiles of DNA surrounding genes in brain genes shared by both humans and chimps. (icr.org)

Biomedical Research2

• Researchers at Nanjing Medical University and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research in Kunming, China, have created genetically modified monkeys using a new method of DNA engineering known as Crispr. (technologyreview.com)
• The team modified three genes in the monkeys: one that regulates metabolism, another that regulates immune cell development and a third that regulates stem cells and sex determination, says study coauthor Wezhi Ji, a researcher at the Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research. (technologyreview.com)

Neuroscience12

• Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. (nih.gov)
• Neurogenesis in the adult brain has emerged as one of the most dynamic and rapidly moving fields in modern neuroscience research. (schweitzer-online.de)
• 2020) Opportunities and limitations of genetically modified nonhuman primate models for neuroscience research . (broadinstitute.org)
• This new breakthrough brings great anticipation for further human study of caloric restriction, for AD investigators and for those physicians who treat millions of people suffering with this disease" says Giulio Maria Pasinetti, M.D., Ph.D., Professor of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Director of the Neuroinflammation Research Center at Mount Sinai School of Medicine and lead author of the study. (innovations-report.com)
• Desimone says he's hoping that some success in monkeys will interest drug companies in neuroscience-alluding to a recent trend of large drug companies abandoning research on brain diseases because the work often proved unsuccessful. (technologyreview.com)
• This 1-day public workshop will bring together experts and key stakeholders from academia, government, industry, and nonprofit organizations to examine the scientific opportunities and challenges, as well as bioethical considerations, of genetically engineered nonhuman primate models for neuroscience research. (nap.edu)
• In China, there are 40 breeding companies which together have 250,000 cynomolgus monkeys and 40,000 rhesus macaques that could be used for scientific research, says Mu-Ming Poo of the Chinese Academy of Sciences's Institute of Neuroscience, and leader of a government-funded plan for a 15-year national brain project also involving genetically modified monkeys. (newscientist.com)
• It's getting more and more difficult for neuroscience labs in the West to do research on non-human primates," says Terrence Sejnowski of the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in La Jolla, California, and co-organiser of the State of the Brain meeting. (newscientist.com)
• In the upcoming five-week course for adults Sackler Brain Bench - Neuroscience of Sports: Your Brain in Action , which starts Monday, September 16, experts including Columbia University Medical Center neurosurgeon and neuroscientist Sameer Sheth will explain more about the neuroscience of athletics. (amnh.org)
• What will you be discussing in your lecture at the Sackler Brain Bench - Neuroscience of Sports: Your Brain in Action course on Monday, September 30? (amnh.org)
• Don't miss Dr. Sheth and other experts explain the intricate details of the workings of the brain in this fall's Sackler Brain Bench - Neuroscience of Sports: Your Brain in Action course . (amnh.org)
• Importantly, the brains of large animals can be studied using sensitive measures that should be highly translatable to the human condition, including MRI and PET imaging, EEG, and electrophysiology, as well as behavioral tests looking at motor and cognitive function," says Professor Jenny Morton, PhD, of the Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience at the University of Cambridge. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Species22

• With the development of new genome engineering technologies such as CRISPR, it is becoming increasingly feasible to apply these molecular tools in a wider range of species, including nonhuman primates. (nih.gov)
• The study, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, found that female representatives of other primate species remain fertile throughout their lifespan, while human women typically experience declining fertility and reproductive cessation during their 40s or 50s. (healthcanal.com)
• Because it is nearly impossible to recreate a natural environment for nonhuman primates in a laboratory setting, the psychological well-being of laboratory primates has become an important topic, and many articles discuss the alternatives for allowing stimulation that will keep the animal dynamic, as well as allowing species-specific behaviors to flourish (Markowitz, 1982). (brown.edu)
• A recent study examined the relationship between brain size and the development of motor skills across 36 primate species. (bigthink.com)
• A new study explores the progression of manipulative skills across 36 primate species. (bigthink.com)
• Our results show that the neural development follows extremely rigid patterns -- even in primate species that differ greatly in other respects," Sandra Heldstab, an evolutionary biologist in the Department of Anthropology at the University of Zurich, said in a press release . (bigthink.com)
• We decided to examine the timing and extent of NCD of the midbrain dopamine system in a primate species, as dopamine deficiency or excess has been implicated in several disorders. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
• In order to understand intrinsic and extrinsic factors that may alter the extent of NCD in DA neurons in man, it is important to determine the timing and magnitude of this event in a primate species. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
• Also, the relative sizes of various subdivisions of the brain in different animal species (and even in individual human beings) are sometimes taken as indicating different attitudes or different proficiencies in various performances. (frontiersin.org)
• These data demonstrate that CR slows aging in a primate species. (sciencemag.org)
• A study provides the most extensive evidence of Alzheimer's disease brain pathology in a primate species to date. (nih.gov)
• However, if the question is: 'Which factor, diet or sociality, is more important when it comes to determining the brain size of primate species? (nyu.edu)
• In the Nature Ecology and Evolution study, the researchers, who also included Scott Williams, an assistant professor of anthropology at NYU, examined more than 140 primate species-or more than three times as many as previous studies-and incorporated more recent evolutionary trees, or phylogenies. (nyu.edu)
• The researchers combined transcriptome (genetic) and histological analyses to determine how the human brain may be unique from nonhuman primate species. (kent.edu)
• The upregulation of dopamine-related gene expression prompted the researchers to quantify and compare tyrosine hydroxylase (TH+) interneurons in 45 adult brains of nine primate species. (kent.edu)
• This research furthers our understanding of how human brains are different from those of other species and shows that the neurotransmitter dopamine is critical in defining what it means to be human. (kent.edu)
• But, he adds, "data from this species should be very useful for curing human disease and improving human health. (technologyreview.com)
• And the PRC exists because zoos and other exhibitors eagerly cast off their "surplus" primates when they run out of cage space or deem that the public would prefer to see other species. (primaterescue.org)
• For example, in over 40 primate species with mostly equal birth sex ratios, the sex ratios in social groups vary from roughly equal to over 90% female (Clutton-Brock et al. (deepdyve.com)
• Wild primate species help characterize emerging infectious diseases. (wisc.edu)
• We also found extensive species-level divergence in patterns of DNA methylation and that hundreds of genes exhibit significantly lower levels of promoter methylation in the human brain than in the chimpanzee brain. (icr.org)
• Obviously, brain gene methylation patterns are finely tuned and species specific. (icr.org)

Monkeys19

• The nonhuman primate data came from observations of monkeys, baboons, chimpanzees, gorillas and lemurs. (healthcanal.com)
• The new study's findings are consistent with previous endocast studies of Australopithecus afarensis, the oldest hominid known, and Victoriapithecus macinnesi, an early Old World monkey, which showed brain size increase followed brain specialization in early hominids and monkeys. (phys.org)
• Periodic bursts of jumping gene activity correlate with major divergence points in primate evolution, including splits between the higher primates and prosimians, the Old and New World monkeys and the apes and Old World monkeys. (australasianscience.com.au)
• DUF1220 copy number is reduced in African great apes (estimated 125 copies in chimpanzees), further reduced in orangutan (92) and Old World monkeys (35), single- or low-copy in non-primate mammals and absent in non-mammals. (wikipedia.org)
• In one study 2 , monkeys who ate more calories than they needed had significant shrinkage in the important decision-making areas of the brain. (additudemag.com)
• How different are human brains compared to the brains of other primates such as chimpanzees, gorillas and monkeys? (kent.edu)
• To find out, DeLong inserted microelectrodes into monkeys' brains and measured the activity of specific neurons in the basal ganglia while the animals performed trained actions. (laskerfoundation.org)
• The study entitled "Calorie Restriction Attenuates Alzheimer's Disease Type Brain Amyloidosis in Squirrel Monkeys" which has been accepted for publication and will be published in the November 2006 issue of the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, demonstrates the potential beneficial role of calorie restriction in AD type brain neuropathology in non-human primates. (innovations-report.com)
• Researchers have previously created a handful of transgenic monkeys, such as a rhesus macaque that produces the disease-causing version of the Huntington's gene . (technologyreview.com)
• Robert Desimone , director of MIT's McGovern Brain Institute for Brain Research, says he and colleagues are planning on using genome editing to create modified monkeys. (technologyreview.com)
• Chinese scientists have implanted human brain genes into monkeys, taking another step into what has been described as the "ethical nightmare" realm of gene -editing. (theepochtimes.com)
• In a study published last month in Beijing's National Science Review, the journal of the state-sponsored Chinese Academy of Science, scientists inserted the human gene, MCPH1, which has been linked to brain development, into 11 monkey embryos via a virus which carried the gene into the monkeys' brains. (theepochtimes.com)
• The use of transgenic monkeys to study human genes linked to brain evolution is a very risky road to take," James Sikela, a geneticist who works with primates at the University of Colorado, told the MIT Technology Review . (theepochtimes.com)
• In January, Chinese scientists intentionally cloned monkeys with genes that gave them debilitating congenital diseases. (theepochtimes.com)
• The stated intention of these modifications was to use these monkeys as models to create different gene-based diseases. (theepochtimes.com)
• Other monkeys created as part of the same project mimic Alzheimer's disease and motor neurone disease. (newscientist.com)
• However, the CDC says it could pose a risk to non-human primates, like monkeys, that eat meat from CWD-infected animals. (mirror.co.uk)
• Near the end of January, newborn monkeys Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua made their debut as the first primate clones made using a technique called somatic cell nuclear transfer -- the same process which created Dolly the sheep more than 20 years ago. (viralnova.com)
• Gene that boosts dopamine production and strengthens brain cells used to successfully treat monkeys showing symptoms of Parkinson's Disease, a neurodegenerative disorder. (wisc.edu)

Transgenic7

• Opportunities and challenges in modeling human brain disorders in transgenic primates. (nih.gov)
• Corrigendum: Opportunities and challenges in modeling human brain disorders in transgenic primates. (nih.gov)
• We aimed to explore the potential therapeutic effect of PGC-1α by generating a lentiviral vector to express human PGC-1α and target it to hippocampus and cortex of APP23 transgenic mice at the preclinical stage of the disease. (fightaging.org)
• Discuss the state of the science of transgenic and chimeric nonhuman primate models for nervous system disorders and explore the potential usefulness of such models to enhance understanding of behavior and higher cortical function and in translational science to advance therapeutic development. (nap.edu)
• These transgenic mice exhibit increasing expression of human amyloid beta precursor protein in the cortex, hippocampus, brain stem, and cerebellum with age. (jax.org)
• Mice hemizygous for the transgenic insert exhibit expression of human amyloid beta precursor protein in the cortex, hippocampus and brain stem with lower expression detected in the cerebellum. (jax.org)
• Human amyloid beta precursor protein expression is detected in the brains of transgenic mice. (jax.org)

Researchers46

• The center works with researchers at UC Davis and other institutions that conduct their studies in a nonhuman primate model. (ucdavis.edu)
• The researchers found that for nonhuman primates, reproductive decline and overall health decline occur at the same rate. (healthcanal.com)
• US researchers have cloned stem cells from the unfertilized eggs of primates - our closest animal relatives. (innovations-report.com)
• The researchers observed more than 120 captive primates in 13 zoos for over seven years. (bigthink.com)
• For the study, the researchers observed 128 primates in 13 European zoos over seven years, recording more than 10,000 observations from the time the animals were born until they reached adult-level dexterity. (bigthink.com)
• But the researchers suggest this represents a fitness tradeoff: primate parents and children spend more time on development, but it leads to complex skills that help them get more food, and survive longer. (bigthink.com)
• Researchers at the University of Maryland School of Medicine have discovered a mechanism for how androgens-male sex steroids-sculpt brain development. (medicalxpress.com)
• Researchers have created a 3D reconstruction of a marmoset brain that could help offer insights into human neural connectivity. (neurosciencenews.com)
• This is bad for researchers, because practically every square millimeter of the brain contains a mess of different kinds of neurons, each specialized for a particular task. (wired.com)
• Researchers identify a new cell mechanism that connects Alzheimer's disease and cancers. (neurosciencenews.com)
• Stanford researchers made a groundbreaking discovery about brain tumors. (neurosciencenews.com)
• Researchers found little evidence to suggest the rate of brain cancer incidents has risen in any age group as a result of cell phone usage. (neurosciencenews.com)
• In the September 13, 2017, issue of Scientific Reports , 32 researchers from 16 institutions describe efforts to learn how infection with this parasite may alter, and in some cases amplify, several brain disorders, including epilepsy, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases as well as some cancers. (eurekalert.org)
• Using what they called a "reconstruction and deconvolution," approach, the researchers identified perturbed pathways associated with neurodegenerative diseases as well as connections between toxoplasmosis, human brain disorders and some cancers. (eurekalert.org)
• Brain imaging technology has allowed researchers to conduct rigorous studies of the dynamic course of alcoholism through periods of drinking, sobriety, and relapse and to gain insights into the effects of chronic alcoholism on the human brain. (thefreelibrary.com)
• To evaluate alcohol's central nervous system effects, researchers distinguish "uncomplicated alcoholism" (i.e., alcohol use disorder [AUD]) from the various clinically diagnosable consequences of chronic alcohol consumption, including Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE), Korsakoff's syndrome (KS), hepatic encephalopathy (HE), central pontine myelinolysis (CPM), alcoholic cerebellar degeneration (ACD), alcohol-related dementia (ARD), and Marchiafava-Bignami disease (MBD). (thefreelibrary.com)
• To investigate how pathogen exposure may affect an ant queen's choice to co-found colonies and how ant queens might limit disease transmission from infected co-founders, the researchers performed two experiments. (phys.org)
• Researchers probe key processes potentially underlying a variety of neurological diseases. (nih.gov)
• Researchers led by Salvatore Oddo at the University of Texas in San Antonio found that plying Alzheimer's disease model mice with CREB binding protein (CBP) rescued learning in these mice without altering Aβ or tau levels. (alzforum.org)
• A new study by researchers at the Allen Institute for Brain Science and their colleagues, published on August 21 in Nature , did just that. (scientificamerican.com)
• In the new paper, the researchers investigated human brain cells from the middle temporal gyrus (MTG), an area associated with memory and the integration of information. (scientificamerican.com)
• This book is the ideal resource for researchers and advanced graduates seeking focused knowledge on the role of adult neurogenesis in brain health and disease. (schweitzer-online.de)
• Researchers at Emory University in Atlanta created this avatar of human disease by injecting a virus into macaque eggs. (technologyreview.com)
• He says it's possible the success of the Chinese researchers will encourage other groups to use primates in their work. (technologyreview.com)
• THE world's first monkey genetically engineered to have Parkinson's disease has been created by researchers in Japan, New Scientist can reveal. (newscientist.com)
• He hopes that researchers can produce a global brain programme that will bring together the respective strengths of teams from around the world. (newscientist.com)
• Researchers at Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, are the first to systematically record neural activity in the human striatum, a deep brain structure that plays a major role in cognitive and motor function. (eurekalert.org)
• In this study, the Yerkes researchers compared striatal recordings across people who have PD and other neurological disorders (dystonia and essential tremor) with correlative findings in nonhuman primates. (eurekalert.org)
• The researchers undertook a rigorous, several-year selection process to find the right patients undergoing surgical deep brain stimulation treatment in order to obtain sufficient recordings. (eurekalert.org)
• The study was further supported by the researchers comparing data obtained in nonhuman primates, which provided critical animal controls and disease models. (eurekalert.org)
• Using autopsied brain tissue, researchers found that healthy older adults had the same capacity to create new cells in the brain's hippocampus region as young adults did. (medicinenet.com)
• The new findings give a snapshot of the healthy aging brain -- and it's a "positive" one, the researchers said. (medicinenet.com)
• That's partly because researchers weren't always able to account for any brain diseases people might have had before death, Boldrini explained. (medicinenet.com)
• By comparing healthy older brains and dementia-affected brains, she said, researchers could gain a better understanding of why some people stay sharp well into old age, while others decline. (medicinenet.com)
• Inside the nucleus of inhibitory cells in areas of the brain that control learning and memory, the researchers found erbin interacts with TARP gamma-2, enabling it to survive. (bio-medicine.org)
• While researchers had previously developed other ways to culture cells to form brain organoids - minute clumps of tissue enriched for brain cells - these organoids also contained stray cells from other parts of the body, and they lacked the structural organization that characterizes components of a real brain. (stanford.edu)
• The spheroids enable researchers to zero in on the pathological mechanisms that disrupt fetal brain development in autism, epilepsy and other neurodevelopmental disorders. (stanford.edu)
• But as researchers learn to create more complex brain organoids and consider transplanting them into animals, ethical quandaries will multiply. (stanford.edu)
• Also, the researchers electrically stimulated the brain region to be removed--using electrodes already in place to monitor epileptic activity. (bio-medicine.org)
• In work showing the potential to use a brain-computer interface and virtual avatar to treat people with gait disabilities, researchers collected data from eight healthy subjects, all of whom participated. (eurekalert.org)
• Researchers from the University of Houston have shown for the first time that the use of a brain-computer interface augmented with a virtual walking avatar can control gait, suggesting the protocol may help patients recover the ability to walk after stroke, some spinal cord injuries and certain other gait disabilities. (eurekalert.org)
• Researchers said the work, done at the University's Noninvasive Brain-Machine Interface System Laboratory, is the first to demonstrate that a brain-computer interface can promote and enhance cortical involvement during walking. (eurekalert.org)
• Contreras-Vidal and researchers with his lab use non-invasive brain monitoring to determine what parts of the brain are involved in an activity, using that information to create an algorithm, or a brain-machine interface, which can translate the subject's intentions into action. (eurekalert.org)
• Researchers already knew electroencephalogram (EEG) readings of brain activity can distinguish whether a subject is standing still or walking. (eurekalert.org)
• Researchers testing the potential of cell therapy for treating Parkinson's disease (PD) has found that grafting human parthenogenetic stem cell-derived neural stem cells (hpNSCs) into non-human primates modeled with PD promoted behavioral recovery, increased dopamine concentrations in the brain, and induced the expression of beneficial genes and pathways when compared to control animals not transplanted with stem cells. (fightaging.org)
• In fact, researchers found that abnormal human brain gene methylation patterns are associated with a wide variety of severe human neurological diseases. (icr.org)

National Primate Research Center4

• The California National Primate Research Center at UC Davis is one of seven primate research centers supported by the National Institutes of Health. (ucdavis.edu)
• In a population of rhesus macaques maintained at the Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, moderate CR lowered the incidence of aging-related deaths. (sciencemag.org)
• Funding for this research was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Grants NS045962 and NS073994, the NIH Office of Research Infrastructure Programs (Yerkes National Primate Research Center - P51OD011132), SAF2012-40216 and SAF2015-67239-P Plan Nacional, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad and the American Parkinson's Disease Association Advanced Center for Research. (eurekalert.org)
• Established in 1930, the Yerkes National Primate Research Center paved the way for what has become the National Institutes of Health-funded National Primate Research Center (NPRC) program. (eurekalert.org)

Dopamine11

• Thus, marked apoptotic NCD occurs in the primate midbrain dopamine system half-way through gestation, and appears to be associated with the rapid developmental increase in striatal dopamine innervation. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
• The role of dopamine as a neurotransmitter in the brain reward circuitry is highlighted in this chapter, because it relates to the four classes of drugs discussed in this report-nicotine, alcohol, stimulants, and opioids. (nap.edu)
• Scientists established that the malady arises from insufficient quantities of the neurotransmitter dopamine in an area of the brain that controls movement, the basal ganglia. (laskerfoundation.org)
• When this gene is faulty, a protein called alpha-synuclein builds up in the brain, disrupting and then killing the brain cells that make dopamine, a signalling chemical vital for movement. (newscientist.com)
• In the brain , this phenethylamine functions as a neurotransmitter , activating the five types of dopamine receptors - D 1 , D 2 , D 3 , D 4 , and D 5 -and their variants. (wikidoc.org)
• Dopamine is produced in several areas of the brain, including the substantia nigra and the ventral tegmental area . (wikidoc.org)
• However, because dopamine cannot cross the blood-brain barrier , dopamine given as a drug does not directly affect the central nervous system . (wikidoc.org)
• To increase the amount of dopamine in the brains of patients with diseases such as Parkinson's disease and dopa-responsive dystonia , L-DOPA , which is the precursor of dopamine, can be given because it can cross the blood-brain barrier . (wikidoc.org)
• In most areas of the brain, including the striatum and basal ganglia , dopamine is inactivated by reuptake via the dopamine transporter (DAT1), then enzymatic breakdown by monoamine oxidase ( MAOA and MAOB ) into 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid . (wikidoc.org)
• Here is an example of ongoing work on stem cell transplants for the treatment of Parkinson's disease , in which the proximate cause of the condition is an accelerated age-related loss of a small but vital population of dopamine-generating neurons in the brain. (fightaging.org)
• A gene therapy approach aimed at restoring dopamine synthesis in the brain has proven efficacious in a nonhuman primate model of Parkinson's disease. (sciencemag.org)

Striatum3

• AAV2-neurturin (CERE-120) is designed to deliver the neurotrophic-factor, neurturin, to the striatum to restore and protect degenerating nigrostriatal neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD). (wustl.edu)
• Typical neuropathological features of Parkinson's disease (PD) include degeneration of dopaminergic neurons located in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra that project to the striatum (nigro-striatal pathway) and depositions of cytoplasmic fibrillary inclusions (Lewy bodies) which contain ubiquitin and α-synuclein. (mdpi.com)
• Protection and regeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurons by neurturin or GDNF in a partial lesion model of Parkinson's disease after administration into the striatum or the lateral ventricle. (semanticscholar.org)

Chimpanzees1

• The team found that smaller-brained primates, like lemurs, start learning simple motor skills at an earlier age than larger-brained primates, like chimpanzees. (bigthink.com)

RODENTS5

• Consistent self-administration of alcohol can be established in primates, rodents, and other animals. (nap.edu)
• Although rodents and small animals have been used widely to model PD and investigate its pathology, their short life span makes it difficult to assess the aging-related pathology that is likely to occur in PD patient brains. (jneurosci.org)
• Lab research has found that in aging rodents and non-human primates, the hippocampus loses its ability to churn out new cells. (medicinenet.com)
• In rodents, the hippocampus has been studied extensively as part of a brain system responsible for spatial memory and navigation. (google.com)
• Having shown that glucocorticoids can damage the hippocampus in both rodents and primates, Sapolsky is investigating the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. (macfound.org)

Parkinson's Disease22

• Human equivalents could replace the brain cells destroyed by Parkinson's disease. (innovations-report.com)
• Here we investigate the effect of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the STN on reward-based decision-learning in patients diagnosed with Parkinson's disease (PD). (frontiersin.org)
• The purpose of the present investigation was to determine how STN modulation affects reward-based learning in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) who have been treated with STN deep brain stimulation (DBS). (frontiersin.org)
• Small regulatory biomarkers - bits of microRNA or proteins found in children with severe toxoplasmosis - matched those found in patients with neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease. (eurekalert.org)
• Bradykinesia, one of the main symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD), refers to slowness of movement. (scholarpedia.org)
• The 2014 Lasker~DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award honors two scientists who developed deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus, a surgical technique that reduces tremors and restores motor function in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease. (laskerfoundation.org)
• Parkinson's disease (PD), perhaps best known for its tremor, slows and stiffens movements. (laskerfoundation.org)
• We investigated the glucose metabolism in an adeno-associated viral vector based alpha-synuclein rat model for Parkinson's disease (PD) using longitudinal 18 F-FDG PET imaging, which resulted in an improved characterization of this animal model. (nature.com)
• Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder that typically occurs in elderly people and affects about one percent of persons older than 60 years 1 . (nature.com)
• Transplantation of human primary fetal tissue is now well established for cellular repair in Parkinson's disease (PD), with good evidence of clinical benefit. (bmj.com)
• The team modified marmosets to have mutated copies of a human gene called SNCA , which is linked to Parkinson's disease. (newscientist.com)
• Parkinson's disease (PD) is an age-dependent neurodegenerative disease that often occurs in those over age 60. (jneurosci.org)
• Amelioration of the nigrostriatal pathway facilitated by ultrasound-mediated neurotrophic delivery in early Parkinson's disease. (mbfbioscience.com)
• These two functions are compromised in Parkinson's disease (PD), which makes the neuron-firing abnormalities the study results revealed key to better understanding the pathophysiology of PD and, ultimately, developing better treatments and preventions. (eurekalert.org)
• Parkinson's disease (PD) is a frequent neurodegenerative process in old age. (biologists.org)
• Dr. Montine is the founding Director of the Pacific Udall Center, one of 9 NINDS-funded Morris K. Udall Centers of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research. (stanford.edu)
• Our center performs basic, translational, and clinical research focused on cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease. (stanford.edu)
• He was the 2015 President of the American Association of Neuropathologists, and led or co-led recent NIH initiatives to revise diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease (NIA), develop research priorities for the National Alzheimer's Plan (NINDS and NIA), and develop research priorities for Parkinson's Disease (NINDS). (stanford.edu)
• Deniz Kirik, MD, PhD, has over 25 years of experience in development of cell and gene therapy for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, with special emphasis on Parkinson's disease. (michaeljfox.org)
• I deal with disorders of brain function, like Parkinson's disease and epilepsy. (amnh.org)
• Long-Term Safety of Patients with Parkinson's Disease Receiving rAAV2-Neurturin (CERE-120) Gene Transfer. (semanticscholar.org)
• First animal model for research on Parkinson's disease, enabling doctors to more accurately research human Parkinson's disease. (wisc.edu)

Nonhuman primate research2

• Consider bioethical principles and issues related to genetic engineering of animal models for nervous system disorders, and discuss potential metrics for determining the models' readiness for nonhuman primate research. (nap.edu)
• Scientist Qiang Sun, director of the Nonhuman Primate Research Facility, says "there was much failure before we found a way to successfully clone a monkey" by removing the nucleus from an egg cell and replacing it with that of donor cells from an aborted fetus. (viralnova.com)

Hippocampus9

• Downregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus occurs early in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). (jneurosci.org)
• Neurostimulation is a common therapy for a variety of neurological disorders, but the most effective stimulation approaches are often highly invasive, requiring electrodes to be implanted deep within brain structures like the hippocampus and basal ganglia. (pnas.org)
• The neurons associated with remembering the location and object are often found in the primate hippocampus. (wikipedia.org)
• Diseases and illnesses that harm the brain and the hippocampus can also damage spatial view cells, which are located in the hippocampus. (wikipedia.org)
• The hippocampus is involved in regulating memory and emotions, and it typically shrinks in people with Alzheimer's disease , according to the Alzheimer's Association. (medicinenet.com)
• In general, old and young brains were capable of making the same number of new neurons from more primitive "progenitor" cells in the hippocampus. (medicinenet.com)
• Besides having less angiogenesis, the older brains also had a smaller pool of progenitor cells in one area of the hippocampus. (medicinenet.com)
• His work focuses on the ability of glucocorticoids, a class of hormones secreted during stress, to damage neurons of the hippocampus, an area of the brain critical to learning and memory. (macfound.org)
• His studies examine whether or not the same occurs in the hippocampus of the human brain, with potential implications for neurogerontology and Alzheimer's disease. (macfound.org)

Disorders9

• Our main focus is on the creation of new primate disease models for understanding the pathological mechanisms of brain disorders and for developing new approaches to effective treatment. (nih.gov)
• The database they have generated is not just an incredibly useful research tool but also a harbinger of the sort of data sets we will soon be able to develop and use to probe brain disorders. (scientificamerican.com)
• The translational disconnect from preclinical studies with predominantly rodent animal models to human clinical trials remains a key challenge associated with lagging development of therapies for brain disorders. (nap.edu)
• Human amyloidosis, Alzheimer disease and related disorders. (springer.com)
• The company has built a unique capability to enable a safe and effective delivery of gene therapies to the CNS to treat lysosomal diseases and other genetic disorders of the CNS. (pharmiweb.com)
• T he gestational environment can impact fetal brain structure and function and increase long-term susceptibility to neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders (see Figure 1). (dana.org)
• Sun says "This will generate real models not just for genetically based brain diseases, but also cancer, immune, or metabolic disorders and allow us to test the efficacy of the drugs for these conditions before clinical use. (viralnova.com)
• Primate embryonic stem cells studied extensively for the first time, advancing efforts to better understand reproduction and genetic disorders. (wisc.edu)
• Naturally regenerative mechanism discovered in the mature primate brain, spurring new research toward curing Alzheimer's, other degenerative brain disorders. (wisc.edu)

Pathology3

• William Klunk on Positron emission tomography imaging and clinical progression in relation to molecular pathology in the first Pittsburgh Compound B positron emission tomography patient with Alzheimer's disease. (alzforum.org)
• Current therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) are symptomatic and do not target the underlying amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology and other important hallmarks including neuronal loss. (fightaging.org)
• Collectively, the study suggests that the investigation of calorie restriction in non-human primates may be a valuable approach towards understanding the role of calorie restriction in human AD pathology. (innovations-report.com)

Embryonic stem1

• And Provision (H) would apparently ban experiments like the ones in which human embryonic stem cells are injected into the brains of embryonic mice where they develop into functioning human neurons . (reason.com)

Differences7

• Genetic or environmental differences may alter the extent of NCD and predispose individuals to neurological or psychiatric diseases. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
• One of the main differences between the early plesiadapiforms and adapiforms is the region of the brain responsible for the sense of smell, the olfactory bulb, is smaller, while there appears to be an expansion in the area of the brains responsible for vision, Harrington said. (phys.org)
• The findings, which appear in the journal Nature Ecology and Evolution , reinforce the notion that both human and non-human primate brain evolution may be driven by differences in feeding rather than in socialization. (nyu.edu)
• Those differences are likely to influence brain circuitry and may explain why the great majority of clinical trials for therapeutic drugs that were conducted in mice have not succeeded when moved into human patients, making it clear how essential it is to study human brains directly. (scientificamerican.com)
• Although there are some important differences among them, these drugs share common reward pathways in the brain. (nap.edu)
• There were significant differences in prevalence of Alzheimer disease neuropathologic change, small vessel vascular brain injury, and Lewy body disease between these 2 studies, suggesting that sex, ethnicity, and lifestyle factors may significantly influence resistance to developing brain injury with age. (stanford.edu)
• Application of cDNA microarrays to examine gene expression differences in schizophrenia," Brain Research Bulletin , vol. 55, no. 5, pp. 641-650, 2001. (hindawi.com)

Centers4

• Collectively, the national primate research centers are a unique resource for investigators studying human health and disease, offering the opportunity to study potential cures, treatments, and preventive measures in nonhuman primate models that most closely resemble human responses. (ucdavis.edu)
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
• He was Director of the University of Washington Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, one of the original 10 Centers in the US, and passed that responsibility to able colleagues. (stanford.edu)
• The National Primate Research Centers are dedicated to conducting humane research with nonhuman primates to continue to advance knowledge in primate biology and address human health concerns. (wisc.edu)

Mechanisms8

• 2012). Mechanisms of these indirect effects of alcohol on the brain are likely mediated via soluble factors, such as ceramides (e.g., de la Monte et al. (thefreelibrary.com)
• There has been a considerable amount of effort over the past decade to understand the genetic and molecular mechanisms responsible for the degenerative process in the hope that it will eventually be possible to interfere with this process to effect a slowing or reversal of the disease. (bmj.com)
• That might lead to new treatments for dementia, Boldrini said -- if research can uncover some of the molecular mechanisms that support neuron production and survival in older brains. (medicinenet.com)
• LTP is widely believed to be one of the main neural mechanisms by which memory is stored in the brain. (google.com)
• Robert Sapolsky is a neuroendocrinologist who examines the mechanisms by which stress can damage the brain. (macfound.org)
• He is the author of Stress, the Aging Brain, and the Mechanisms of Neuron Death (1992), Why Zebras Don't Get Ulcers: A Guide to Stress, Stress-Related Diseases, and Coping (3rd ed., 2004), and The Trouble with Testosterone: And Other Essays on the Biology of the Human Predicament (1997). (macfound.org)
• The Montine Laboratory addresses these prevalent, unmet medical needs through a combination of neuropathology, biomarker development and application early in the course of disease, and experimental studies that test hypotheses concerning specific mechanisms of neuron injury and approaches to neuroprotection. (stanford.edu)
• The human brain-especially the pre-frontal region-has developed special mechanisms that allow it to efficiently make rapid decisions by controlling the way it receives and processes cues from the environment. (amnh.org)

Research on non-human pr1

• Although clinical evidence from patients with lesions and research on non-human primates have enriched the anatomy of visuospatial pathways, the detailed neural circuits are still under investigation. (springer.com)

Circuitry1

• In essence, the scientists from Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center used an electronic prosthetic system to tap into existing circuitry in the brain at the cellular level and record the firing patterns of multiple neurons in the prefrontal cortex, the part of the brain involved in decision-making. (medindia.net)

Fetal12

• Single-cell genome analyses reveal the amount of mutations a human brain cell will collect from its fetal beginnings until death. (the-scientist.com)
• In fetal monkey brains, apoptosis in midbrain DA neurons was identified histologically by chromatin clumping in tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells, and confirmed by TUNEL and active caspase-3 staining. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
• Thus, we examined histologically a series of normal fetal and neonatal monkey brains for signs of apoptosis in midbrain DA neurons, and compared frequency of apoptosis with maturation of the nigrostriatal DA system. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
• By reverse transcription PCR, tissues from 32 (62%) case-patients (brains from 8 infants with microcephaly and placental/fetal tissues from 24 women) were positive for Zika virus. (cdc.gov)
• These findings demonstrate that Zika virus replicates and persists in fetal brains and placentas, providing direct evidence of its association with microcephaly. (cdc.gov)
• Several studies that used mouse models have revealed that Zika virus infection of mice during early pregnancy results in infection of placenta and fetal brain, causing intrauterine growth restrictions, spontaneous abortions, and fetal demise ( 14 - 16 ). (cdc.gov)
• During gestation, the fetal brain develops dramatically as structures and connections form, providing the foundation for all future development. (dana.org)
• For several reasons, environmental influences during fetal development are especially potent in the brain. (dana.org)
• Second, brain development involves a cascade of interactions with the environment, so that even small deviations from the normal developmental trajectory during fetal life can become progressively magnified over time, producing long-lasting or permanent consequences. (dana.org)
• And third, the immature fetal blood-brain barrier offers limited protection against neurological insults. (dana.org)
• 9 Between the 8th and 16th weeks of gestation, migrating neurons form the subplate zone, an area of the fetal brain that disappears after about 34 weeks, and await connections. (dana.org)
• 10 Once neurons reach their final destination at about the 16th fetal week, they branch out to establish connections among brain regions before migrating to their target locations. (dana.org)

Mice12

• Infectious protein aggregates from the skin of human patients can cause disease in mice. (the-scientist.com)
• The dodge - called parthenogenesis - is done routinely with laboratory mice but ACT is the first to pull it off in primates. (innovations-report.com)
• Manipulating gut bacteria in mice before chemotherapy reduces the mental fog of "chemo brain. (neurosciencenews.com)
• In aging mice, chronic inflammatory processes lead lymphoma cells which entered the brain to be retained, rather than released directly back into the blood. (neurosciencenews.com)
• In mice, injected fragments of a naturally occurring protein boost memory in young and old animals and improve cognition and mobility in a model of neurodegenerative disease. (the-scientist.com)
• Of course mice seem to be pretty rubbish models for human brain diseases. (fightaging.org)
• A single intracardiac administration of the vector carrying neprilysin gene in a mice model of Alzheimer disease reduced Abeta oligomers, with concurrent alleviation of abnormal learning and memory function. (nii.ac.jp)
• Journal Article] Global brain delivery of neprilysin gene by intravascular administration of AAV vector in mice. (nii.ac.jp)
• She trained the mice four times per day for either three or five days in the Morris water maze, then sacrificed them within 30 minutes of the last training session and snap-froze the brains to capture the immediate transcriptional changes due to learning. (alzforum.org)
• Although mice are giving us tremendous insight into basic brain biology and the biology of the disease, there's still a big gap in between the mouse brain and the monkey brain," says Desimone. (technologyreview.com)
• Thanks to our close evolutionary history, the brains of primates are far more similar to ours than those of the mice, flies and worms that currently dominate brain research. (newscientist.com)
• For example, hundreds of compounds that showed promise in mice with a version of Alzheimer's have failed completely when they are given to people with the disease. (newscientist.com)

Scientists11

• Dr Mitra initiated the idea of brain-wide mesoscale circuit mapping, and his laboratory is involved in carrying out such mapping in the Mouse ( http://mouse.brainarchitecture.org ) and the Marmoset (in collaboration with Japanese and Australian scientists at the RIKEN Brain Science Institute and Monash University). (cshl.edu)
• The ability to comprehensively map the architecture of connections between neurons in primate brains has long proven elusive for scientists. (medicalxpress.com)
• Scientists have long debated whether primates have always had big brains compared to body size, or if this was a trait that appeared later. (phys.org)
• Thanks to the new virtual endocasts, scientists were able to take a closer look at anatomical features which revealed that, while adapiforms placed relatively less emphasis on smell more similar to modern primate brains, the relative brain size was not so different from that of plesiadapiforms, said study co-author Jonathan Bloch, curator of vertebrate paleontology at the Florida Museum. (phys.org)
• Scientists have hypothesized that vision may have helped early primates forage in complex arboreal forest systems. (phys.org)
• Working with the J Craig Venter Institute and the Institute of Systems Biology Scientists, they looked at the effect of infections of primary neuronal stem cells from the human brain in tissue culture, focusing on gene expression and proteins perturbed. (eurekalert.org)
• Columbia scientists have identified a gene that allows neurons that release serotonin - a neurotransmitter that regulates mood and emotions - to evenly spread their branches throughout the brain. (nih.gov)
• Scientists are exploring the origins of chronic wasting disease before it becomes truly catastrophic. (hcn.org)
• Scientists have called this neurodegenerative disease, which attacks deer, elk and moose, a " nightmare " and a " state of emergency. (hcn.org)
• Scientists learn more about how inhibitory brain cells g. (bio-medicine.org)
• Scientists are far from being able to grow a brain in a bottle. (stanford.edu)

Neural5

• From the 1940s through the 1960s, surgeons battled the ailment by destroying regions of the brain, chosen more by trial and error than by a clear understanding of neural misbehavior. (laskerfoundation.org)
• They then "played" that recording back to the same brain area to electrically stimulate decision-based neural activity. (medindia.net)
• Neural transplantation is effective in animal models of HD and offers a potential strategy for brain repair in patients. (bmj.com)
• H) a non-human life form engineered such that it contains a human brain or a brain derived wholly or predominantly from human neural tissues. (reason.com)
• 2 Brain Repair and Imaging in Neural Systems (B.R.A.I.N.S), Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. (sciencemag.org)

Neurons in the brain2

• The study reports high-grade gliomas form synapses which hijack electrical signals from healthy neurons in the brain, promoting tumor growth. (neurosciencenews.com)
• At the heart of our current understanding of addiction is the idea that in vulnerable individuals, the disease of addiction is produced by the interaction of the drugs themselves with genetic, environmental, psychosocial, behavioral, and other factors, which causes long-lived alterations in the biochemical and functional properties of selected groups of neurons in the brain. (nap.edu)

Biology3

• The results, published in Science Advances: Evolutionary Biology , suggest that primates tend to develop increasingly complex manipulative skills in a specific order, and that primates with more sophisticated brains develop more sophisticated skills. (bigthink.com)
• Part of the team, including Huan Ngo from Northwestern University, Hernan Lorenzi at the J Craig Venter Institute, Kai Wang and Taek-Kyun Kim at the Institute for Systems Biology and McLeod, integrated host genetics, proteomics, transcriptomics and circulating microRNA datasets to build a model of these effects on the human brain. (eurekalert.org)
• Castano EM, Frangione B (1988) Biology of disease. (springer.com)

Neurotrophic-factors to treat neurodegenerative diseases2

• Thus, future efforts using neurotrophic-factors to treat neurodegenerative diseases will need to target both the terminal fields and the cell bodies of degenerating neurons to assure maximal benefit is achieved. (wustl.edu)
• Substantial interest persists for developing neurotrophic factors to treat neurodegenerative diseases. (semanticscholar.org)

Rodent3

• Examine current tools and technologies used in rodent models (e.g., transgenesis, chimera, adeno-associated viruses [AAVs], gene therapy, etc.) and explore how they would need to be modified for use in other animal models, such as nonhuman primates. (nap.edu)
• His work involved development of AAV vectors in rodent and non-human primate models. (michaeljfox.org)
• Large animal models, such as domesticated farm animals, offer some distinct advantages over rodent models, including a larger brain that is amenable to imaging and intracerebral therapy, longer lifespan, and a more human-like neuro-architecture. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Neonatal1

• Quantitative ultrasound and apoptotic death in the neonatal primate brain. (mbfbioscience.com)

Infectious8

• Many serious diseases still threaten our well-being: AIDS, Alzheimer's disease, cancer, and infectious diseases (such as Zika virus , Dengue Fever and Chikungunya) to name a few. (ucdavis.edu)
• Among other things, the higher primates have undergone significant advancements in brain function, reproduction and defence against infectious diseases. (australasianscience.com.au)
• Which infectious diseases should be included in the differential diagnoses of schizophrenia? (medscape.com)
• If you think there are more dangerous infectious diseases than ever, you're right. (npr.org)
• The world is now in uncharted territory when it comes to infectious diseases. (npr.org)
• Over the past century, the number of new infectious diseases cropping up each year has nearly quadrupled . (npr.org)
• Chronic wasting disease is not your garden-variety infectious disease. (hcn.org)
• 2007). Taken together, groups with a certain set of characteristics (e.g., a female biased sex ratio) may experience greater aggregation and mating potential with a concomitant increase in the risk of infectious diseases (Thrall et al. (deepdyve.com)

Tyrosine hydroxylase1

• Mary Ann Raghanti , Ph.D., associate professor and chair of the Department of Anthropology at Kent State, and two of her graduate students, Alexa Stephenson and Melissa Edler , contributed to this massive analysis by quantifying the tyrosine hydroxylase interneurons in the human and nonhuman primate brain. (kent.edu)

Cognitive9

• In a subset of relatively younger patients with relatively shorter disease duration, the effects of DBS appeared to spread to more cognitive regions of the STN, benefiting loops that connect the caudate to various prefrontal areas importantfor outcome evaluation. (frontiersin.org)
• Complex foraging strategies, social structures, and cognitive abilities, are likely to have co-evolved throughout primate evolution," adds Alex DeCasien, an NYU doctoral candidate and lead author of the study. (nyu.edu)
• The social brain hypothesis sees social complexity as the primary driver of primate cognitive complexity, suggesting that social pressures ultimately led to the evolution of the large human brain. (nyu.edu)
• The work was undertaken by the University of Edinburgh in the Brain Research Imaging Centre ( http://www.bric.ed.ac.uk -part of the SINAPSE collaboration) and the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology ( http://www.ccace.ed.ac.uk -part of the cross council Lifelong Health and Wellbeing Initiative, G0700704/84698). (springer.com)
• In the next phase of the study, a drug known to disrupt cognitive activity, cocaine, was administered to the animals to simulate brain injury. (medindia.net)
• Based on the findings of this study, we hope in the future to develop an implantable neuroprosthesis that could help people recover from cognitive deficiencies due to brain injuries," Hampson added. (medindia.net)
• The posterior cingulate cortex is highly connected and one of the most metabolically active regions in the brain, but there is no consensus as to its cognitive role. (wikipedia.org)
• Resistance to Alzheimer Disease Neuropathologic Changes and Apparent Cognitive Resilience in the Nun and Honolulu-Asia Aging Studies. (stanford.edu)
• In contrast, hippocampal sclerosis prevalence was very similar, but skewed to poorer cognitive performance, suggesting that hippocampal sclerosis could act sequentially with other diseases to impair cognitive function. (stanford.edu)

Models8

• However, we also emphasize that primate genetic models have great potential to address many fundamental questions about brain function, providing an essential foundation for future progress in disease research. (nih.gov)
• It is always a good idea to look closely at the biochemistry involved in any potential Alzheimer's disease therapy that shows promise in mouse models . (fightaging.org)
• Are there any good non human primate models? (fightaging.org)
• Using these AAV vectors, we have shown beneficial effects in mouse models of neurodegenerative diseases. (nii.ac.jp)
• The idea is not to produce Stuart Littles but develop animal models to study human brain diseases. (reason.com)
• They'd provide more accurate models for research surrounding human diseases. (viralnova.com)
• Scientific progress in Huntington's disease (HD) relies upon the availability of appropriate animal models that enable insights into the disease's genetics and/or pathophysiology. (medicalnewstoday.com)
• Three articles in the latest issue of the Journal of Huntington's Disease discuss the potential benefits of using large animal models in HD research and the implications for the development of gene therapy. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Patterns4

• The results suggest that primates follow rigid patterns in terms of which manipulative skills they learn first, and that the ultimate complexity of these skills depends on brain size. (bigthink.com)
• The idea is that any patterns we find in primate brain evolution could lead to a better understanding of the early evolution that led to the human brain. (phys.org)
• His findings suggest that personality is a more important correlate of disease patterns than social rank. (macfound.org)
• Thus, the sex ratio can determine the contact network of individuals within a group (i.e., who interacts with whom) and thereby determine disease transmission patterns. (deepdyve.com)

Tissues4

• Sequences encoding DUF1220 domains show rhythmicity, resonance and signs of positive selection, especially in primates, and are expressed in several human tissues including brain, where their expression is restricted to neurons. (wikipedia.org)
• Using monkey brain tissues, we found that A53T interacts with neurofascin, an adhesion molecule involved in axon subcellular targeting and neurite outgrowth. (jneurosci.org)
• Aged monkey brain tissues show an increased interaction of neurofascin with A53T. (jneurosci.org)
• Brain tissues from animals (ranging in age from 4-35 years) were examined by RNA blotting techniques, in situ hybridization, immunoblotting, and immunocytochemistry. (springer.com)

Tissue11

• Primate parthenotes are, if anything, easier to grow into different tissue types than ES cells, says West: "It's all there: skin with hair follicles, developing eye tissue. (innovations-report.com)
• The brain, like any living tissue, is constantly changing in response to genetic and environmental cues and their interaction, leading to changes in brain function and structure, many of which are now in reach of neuroimaging techniques. (frontiersin.org)
• The long-requested collaborative brain/tissue bank is up and running as well. (mad-cow.org)
• Investigator dissects slices of human brain tissue for medical research. (scientificamerican.com)
• Because of the difficulty of studying living human brain tissue, most of what we know about human brains so far comes from either postmortem brain tissue or from brain- scanning techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging. (scientificamerican.com)
• It was chosen because some of the human brain tissue the Allen Institute uses comes, with permission, from surgeries performed on epilepsy patients. (scientificamerican.com)
• In adult human brain tissue, whole cells are often large and interconnected, so they are frequently damaged when separated for profiling. (scientificamerican.com)
• Cyst of Balamuthia mandrillaris in brain tissue. (cdc.gov)
• Her team examined autopsied brain tissue from 28 people between the ages of 14 and 79 who'd died suddenly, but had previously been healthy. (medicinenet.com)
• At age three months hemizygotes show a progressive accumulation of insoluble amyloid beta 40 and 42 peptides in brain tissue. (jax.org)
• The levels of accumulation of amyloid beta peptides is 12 to 14 fold higher in brain microvessels than in whole forebrain tissue homogenates. (jax.org)

Neurobiology1

• Neurobiology of Disease. (mbfbioscience.com)

Substantia nigra2

• endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced unfolded proteins, neuroinflammation and eventual loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of mid brain in PD. (mdpi.com)
• Gene delivery of neurturin to putamen and substantia nigra in Parkinson disease: A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. (semanticscholar.org)

Monkey3

• We found that α-synuclein is increased in the older monkey brains, whereas Parkin and PINK1 are decreased or remain unchanged. (jneurosci.org)
• A53T also causes more extensive reactive astrocytes and axonal degeneration in monkey brain than in mouse brain. (jneurosci.org)
• Abraham CR, Selkoe DJ, Potter H, Price DL, Cork LC (1989) α l -Antichymotrypsin is present together with the β -protein in monkey brain amyloid deposits. (springer.com)

Pathological1

• These findings from nonhuman primate brains reveal age-dependent pathological and molecular changes that could contribute to the age-dependent neuropathology in PD. (jneurosci.org)

Found11

• University of Florida paleontologists found clues in the remarkably preserved skulls of adapiforms, lemur-like primates that scurried around the tropical forests of Wyoming about 50 million years ago. (phys.org)
• A more recent study found a similar connection involving primates. (eurekalert.org)
• Not only is it extremely abundant, but it is only found in primates and cannot "jump" of its own accord. (australasianscience.com.au)
• Targeted 1q21 array CGH investigation of the potential association between DUF1220 and brain size found that DUF1220 copy number decrease is associated with microcephaly in individuals with 1q21 CNVs. (wikipedia.org)
• A new study suggests that chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a progressive, degenerative brain disease found in people with a history of repeated head trauma, may be more common among football players than previously thought. (nih.gov)
• The ameba was found in the brain of a dead mandrill (a type of primate). (cdc.gov)
• For example, the investigators found that older adults' brains had less "angiogenesis" -- or new blood vessel growth. (medicinenet.com)
• Overall, the study found, older and younger brains had similar numbers of "intermediate" progenitor cells and "immature" neurons -- signaling that older people had a similar capacity for generating new cells as young people. (medicinenet.com)
• A team led by Sergiu Pasca , MD, assistant professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences, has found one - a technique that reliably and selectively produces pinhead-sized replicas of specific, different human brain parts in laboratory dishware. (stanford.edu)
• The constructs are, at present, devoid of some important cell types found in a real human brain. (stanford.edu)
• Previous studies of the capabilities of brain-damaged patients had found only that both their location and motion processing abilities were impaired, and animal and human neuroimaging studies had not been able to conclusively tease apart the two abilities. (bio-medicine.org)

Neurodegenerative disease1

• Parkinsonism is a progressive motor disease that affects 1.5 million Americans and is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's. (mdpi.com)

20161

• 2016). The dynamics of many directly transmitted diseases are dependent on social encounters among conspecifics, and the frequency of encounters is contingent on factors of social context, like group size (Nunn et al. (deepdyve.com)

Evolutionary history1

• The evolutionary history of primates is a case in point. (australasianscience.com.au)

Findings3

• The findings offer a glimmer of hope that there may someday be a way to prevent and stop this devastating disease in its tracks. (innovations-report.com)
• Harmonization of their neuropathologic data allows cross comparison, with findings common to both studies likely generalizable, while distinct observations may point to aging brain changes that are dependent on sex, ethnicity, environment, or lifestyle factors. (stanford.edu)
• These findings show how methylation changes in brain genes are not well-tolerated, thus negating ideas of epigenetic evolution in primates. (icr.org)

Behavior3

• Optogenetic and chemogenetic tools illuminate brain and behavior connections in nonhuman primates. (the-scientist.com)
• Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. (mbfbioscience.com)
• Social context alters host behavior and infection risk Keiser, Carl N;Rudolf, Volker H W;Sartain, Elizabeth;Every, Emma R;Saltz, Julia B 2018-04-18 00:00:00 Abstract Variation in infection risk and transmission potential are widespread in human and wildlife diseases and play a central role in host-pathogen dynamics. (deepdyve.com)

Neurological diseases1

• We believe that many of the psychological and neurological diseases are diseases of specific cell types. (scientificamerican.com)

Large brains3

• For one, it allows our comparatively large brains time to develop, enabling us to eventually learn complex skills, like the ability to manipulate objects with our hands. (bigthink.com)
• Virtual brains reconstructed from ancient, kiwi-sized primate skulls could help resolve one of the most intriguing evolutionary mysteries: how modern primates developed large brains. (phys.org)
• So they didn't start out with large brains and maintain them. (phys.org)

Study25

• AMES, Iowa - A new study from an Iowa State University biologist shows that menopause in mid-life is a uniquely human phenomenon among primates. (healthcanal.com)
• Gene co-expression study is based on data in the Allen Mouse Brain Atlas. (cshl.edu)
• Our study shows once again that in the course of evolution, only mammals that live a long time and have enough time to learn were able to develop a large brain and complex fine motor skills including the ability to use tools," Heldstab said. (bigthink.com)
• A new study raises questions about the link between cell phone use and an increased risk of developing brain cancer. (neurosciencenews.com)
• The eight virtually reconstructed and dissected brains-the most ever created for a single study-show an evolutionary burst including improved vision and more complex neurological function preceded an increase in brain size , said Harrington, now a Duke University doctoral student. (phys.org)
• As our study shows, the earliest primates actually had relatively small brains. (phys.org)
• This can be done with a number of different brains (a so-called cross-sectional study) or with one brain at several points in time (a longitudinal study). (frontiersin.org)
• 7 , 8 Capitalizing on this perspective, this study tested the contribution of adverse psychosocial experiences in childhood to 3 adult conditions that are known to predict age-related diseases: depression, inflammation, and the clustering of metabolic risk markers, hereinafter referred to as age-related-disease risks. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
• In this study, we sought to test whether elevated levels of Arc interfere with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) TrkB receptor signaling, which is known to be essential for both the induction and maintenance of LTP. (plos.org)
• In this study, we show that increased levels of Arc disrupt brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling through the TrkB receptor (which is important for both the induction and maintenance of LTP). (plos.org)
• A new study directed by Mount Sinai School of Medicine extends and strengthens the research that experimental dietary regimens might halt or even reverse symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). (innovations-report.com)
• The new study shows for the first time that Crispr can create viable primates with genomes modified at specific targeted genes. (technologyreview.com)
• The aim of this study was to use longitudinal small animal 18 F-FDG PET imaging to determine a PD specific glucose metabolic brain pattern for a PD rat model. (nature.com)
• Barrasso's bipartisan bill, the Chronic Wasting Disease Transmission in Cervidae Study Act, was cosponsored by senators from across the country, including Idaho, Wyoming and Colorado. (hcn.org)
• THURSDAY, April 5, 2018 (HealthDay News) -- Contrary to popular thought, older adults' brains can churn out just as many new cells as younger brains do, a new study suggests. (medicinenet.com)
• Two population-based studies key to advancing knowledge of brain aging are the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study (HAAS) and the Nun Study. (stanford.edu)
• Sergiu Pasca uses this imaging system to observe the 3-D brain cultures he and his team create to study brain development. (stanford.edu)
• They allow me to study aspects of the brain that differentiate us from our nearest evolutionary neighbors, non-human primates. (amnh.org)
• Specifically, I study how the human brain has developed to optimize rapid decision-making based on changing cues in the environment. (amnh.org)
• How are you able to study the brain and learn about these systems in such great detail? (amnh.org)
• There is a particular type of MRI, called functional MRI (fMRI), that allows us to study brain function-not just what the brain looks like, but what parts of the brain are engaged during a specific activity. (amnh.org)
• In these cases, if the patient consents, we have the opportunity to study those parts of the brain. (amnh.org)
• These types of procedures allow us to study the human brain with a level of precision that is unparalleled. (amnh.org)
• The study, funded by the National Institute of Neurological Disease and Stroke, was published this week in Scientific Reports . (eurekalert.org)
• This study reported that these types of brain genes could tolerate very little epigenetic modification outside the normal profile for the human brain. (icr.org)

Genomes2

• Jumping gene activity is presently much reduced in primates, although higher primate genomes remain well-suited for passive transposon thrust, with just two types of jumping gene, the so-called Alu and L1 repeats, predominating. (australasianscience.com.au)
• Macaques in China are the first primates born with genomes engineered by precision gene-targeting methods. (technologyreview.com)

Genetic1

• A pivotal clinical trial in MPS IIIA and a phase 1-2 clinical trial in GM1 Gangliosidosis are in preparation, while we are currently collaborating with a major partner to define the strategy of development for the treatment of Fragile X syndrome, a genetic disease related to autism. (pharmiweb.com)

Individual brains2

• Brain morphometry (also known as computational neuroanatomy or, particularly in the earlier literature, neuromorphometry) is concerned with the quantification of anatomical features, and changes thereof, in individual brains or brain populations. (frontiersin.org)
• Unique features of individual brains captured. (nih.gov)

Populations2

• On the other hand, the growing availability of MR images of more and more diverse brain populations also allows more detailed inferences about brain changes that occur over larger time scales, way beyond the duration of an average research project. (frontiersin.org)
• Of all 1q21 sequences tested, DUF1220 sequences were the only ones to show consistent correlation between copy number and brain size in both disease (micro/macrocephaly) and non-disease populations. (wikipedia.org)

Genes2

• At the core is alignment of characteristics of the parasite itself, the genes it expresses in the infected brain, susceptibility genes that could limit the host's ability to prevent infection, and genes that control susceptibility to other diseases present in the human host. (eurekalert.org)
• Jumping genes have been important in the evolution of higher primates, leading to faster brain function, improved foetal nourishment, useful red-green colour discrimination and greater resistance to disease-causing microbes - and even the loss of fat storage genes in gibbons. (australasianscience.com.au)

20182

• CAMBRIDGE, Mass. and PARIS, Aug. 01, 2018 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Lysogene (FR0013233475 - LYS), a pioneering biopharmaceutical company specializing in gene therapy targeting central nervous system (CNS) diseases, today announced upcoming oral and poster presentations at the 2018 International MPS Symposium being held August 2-5, 2018, in San Diego. (pharmiweb.com)
• The 15th International MPS and related diseases Symposium 2018 is hosted in San Diego, CA, US. (pharmiweb.com)

Amyloid10

• William Klunk on Dynamic changes in PET amyloid and FDG imaging at different stages of Alzheimer's disease. (alzforum.org)
• William Klunk on Longitudinal, quantitative assessment of amyloid, neuroinflammation, and anti-amyloid treatment in a living mouse model of Alzheimer's disease enabled by positron emission tomography. (alzforum.org)
• In the research here, the authors are aiming to suppress a step in the generation of amyloid-β , one of the proteins that aggregates in growing amounts and is associated with brain cell death in Alzheimer's disease. (fightaging.org)
• Allsop D, Wong CW, Ikeda S-I, Landon M, Kidd M, Glenner GG (1988) Immunohistochemical evidence for the derivation of a peptide ligand from the amyloid β -protein precursor of Alzheimer disease. (springer.com)
• Bahmanyar S, Higgins GA, Goldgaber D, Lewis DA, Morrison JH, Wilson MC, Shankar SK, Gajdusek DC (1987) Localization of amyloid β-protein messenger RNA in brains from patients with Alzheimer's disease. (springer.com)
• Cohen ML, Go1de TE, Usiak MF, Younkin LH, Younkin SG (1988) In situ hybridization of nucleus basalis neurons shows increased β -amyloid mRNA in Alzheimer disease. (springer.com)
• Goedert M (1987) Neuronal localization of amyloid beta protein precursor mRNA in normal human brain and in Alzheimer's disease. (springer.com)
• Goldgaber D, Lerman MI, McBride OW, Saffiotti U, Gajdusek DC (1987) Characterization and chromosomal localization of a cDNA encoding brain amyloid of Alzheimer's disease. (springer.com)
• This mutant mouse strain may be useful in studies of Alzheimer's disease and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. (jax.org)
• Two other lines, A anc C were also generated, with line A having similar levels of transgene expression and amyloid beta accumulation to line B while line C has 2-fold higher expression of human Amyloid beta-precursor protein and shows 4-fold higher accumulations of soluble and insoluble AB peptides in the brain. (jax.org)