There are several types of radiation injuries, including:

1. Acute radiation syndrome (ARS): This occurs when a person is exposed to a high dose of ionizing radiation over a short period of time. Symptoms can include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, and damage to the bone marrow, lungs, and gastrointestinal system.
2. Chronic radiation syndrome: This occurs when a person is exposed to low levels of ionizing radiation over a longer period of time. Symptoms can include fatigue, skin changes, and an increased risk of cancer.
3. Radiation burns: These are similar to thermal burns, but are caused by the heat generated by ionizing radiation. They can cause skin damage, blistering, and scarring.
4. Ocular radiation injury: This occurs when the eyes are exposed to high levels of ionizing radiation, leading to damage to the retina and other parts of the eye.
5. Radiation-induced cancer: Exposure to high levels of ionizing radiation can increase the risk of developing cancer, particularly leukemia and other types of cancer that affect the bone marrow.

Radiation injuries are diagnosed based on a combination of physical examination, medical imaging (such as X-rays or CT scans), and laboratory tests. Treatment depends on the type and severity of the injury, but may include supportive care, medication, and radiation therapy to prevent further damage.

Preventing radiation injuries is important, especially in situations where exposure to ionizing radiation is unavoidable, such as in medical imaging or nuclear accidents. This can be achieved through the use of protective shielding, personal protective equipment, and strict safety protocols.

Malignant prostatic neoplasms are cancerous tumors that can be aggressive and spread to other parts of the body (metastasize). The most common type of malignant prostatic neoplasm is adenocarcinoma of the prostate, which accounts for approximately 95% of all prostate cancers. Other types of malignant prostatic neoplasms include sarcomas and small cell carcinomas.

Prostatic neoplasms can be diagnosed through a variety of tests such as digital rectal examination (DRE), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test, imaging studies (ultrasound, CT scan or MRI), and biopsy. Treatment options for prostatic neoplasms depend on the type, stage, and grade of the tumor, as well as the patient's age and overall health. Treatment options can include active surveillance, surgery (robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy or open prostatectomy), radiation therapy (external beam radiation therapy or brachytherapy), and hormone therapy.

In summary, Prostatic Neoplasms are tumors that occur in the prostate gland, which can be benign or malignant. The most common types of malignant prostatic neoplasms are adenocarcinoma of the prostate, and other types include sarcomas and small cell carcinomas. Diagnosis is done through a variety of tests, and treatment options depend on the type, stage, and grade of the tumor, as well as the patient's age and overall health.

Benign vaginal neoplasms include:

1. Vaginal papilloma: A small, finger-like growth on the wall of the vagina.
2. Vaginal polyps: Growths that protrude from the wall of the vagina.
3. Vaginal cysts: Fluid-filled sacs that can develop in the vaginal wall.

Malignant vaginal neoplasms include:

1. Vaginal squamous cell carcinoma: Cancer that develops in the thin, flat cells that line the vagina.
2. Adenocarcinoma of the vagina: Cancer that develops in the glandular cells that line the vagina.
3. Melanoma of the vagina: Rare cancer that develops in the pigment-producing cells of the vagina.
4. Sarcoma of the vagina: Cancer that develops in the connective tissue of the vagina.

Causes and risk factors:
The exact cause of vaginal neoplasms is not known, but certain factors can increase the risk of developing them, such as:

1. HPV (human papillomavirus) infection: A common sexually transmitted virus that can lead to cancer.
2. Smoking: Can increase the risk of developing cancer.
3. Weakened immune system: Can increase the risk of developing cancer.
4. Family history of cancer: Can increase the risk of developing cancer.

Symptoms:
The symptoms of vaginal neoplasms can vary depending on the type and location of the tumor, but may include:

1. Abnormal bleeding or discharge
2. Pain during sex
3. Itching or burning sensation in the vagina
4. A lump or mass in the vagina
5. Difficulty urinating
6. Painful urination
7. Vaginal wall thickening

Diagnosis:
A diagnosis of vaginal neoplasm is typically made through a combination of physical examination, imaging tests such as ultrasound or MRI, and a biopsy to confirm the presence of cancer cells.

Treatment:
The treatment of vaginal neoplasms depends on the type and stage of the cancer, but may include:

1. Surgery: Removal of the tumor and surrounding tissue.
2. Radiation therapy: Use of high-energy rays to kill cancer cells.
3. Chemotherapy: Use of drugs to kill cancer cells.
4. Hysterectomy: Removal of the uterus and/or vagina.
5. Pelvic exenteration: Removal of the pelvic organs, including the bladder, rectum, and reproductive organs.

Prognosis:
The prognosis for vaginal neoplasms depends on the type and stage of the cancer at the time of diagnosis. In general, the earlier the cancer is detected and treated, the better the prognosis.

Complications:
Some possible complications of vaginal neoplasms include:

1. Recurrence of the cancer
2. Infection
3. Incontinence or other urinary problems
4. Sexual dysfunction
5. Emotional distress

Prevention:
There is no sure way to prevent vaginal neoplasms, but some risk factors can be reduced by:

1. Practicing safe sex to reduce the risk of HPV infection
2. Getting regular Pap smears to detect and treat precancerous changes early
3. Avoiding tobacco and limiting alcohol consumption
4. Maintaining a healthy diet and exercising regularly
5. Getting vaccinated against HPV if you are under 26 years old

Note: This information is intended for educational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. If you have any concerns or questions about vaginal neoplasms, you should consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice and treatment.

Precancerous changes in the uterine cervix are called dysplasias, and they can be detected by a Pap smear, which is a routine screening test for women. If dysplasia is found, it can be treated with cryotherapy (freezing), laser therapy, or cone biopsy, which removes the affected cells.

Cervical cancer is rare in developed countries where Pap screening is widely available, but it remains a common cancer in developing countries where access to healthcare and screening is limited. The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has been shown to be effective in preventing cervical precancerous changes and cancer.

Cervical cancer can be treated with surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy, depending on the stage and location of the cancer. The prognosis for early-stage cervical cancer is good, but advanced-stage cancer can be difficult to treat and may have a poor prognosis.

The following are some types of uterine cervical neoplasms:

1. Adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS): This is a precancerous condition that occurs when glandular cells on the surface of the cervix become abnormal and grow out of control.
2. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN): This is a precancerous condition that occurs when abnormal cells are found on the surface of the cervix. There are several types of CIN, ranging from mild to severe.
3. Squamous cell carcinoma: This is the most common type of cervical cancer and arises from the squamous cells that line the cervix.
4. Adnexal carcinoma: This is a rare type of cervical cancer that arises from the glands or ducts near the cervix.
5. Small cell carcinoma: This is a rare and aggressive type of cervical cancer that grows rapidly and can spread quickly to other parts of the body.
6. Micropapillary uterine carcinoma: This is a rare type of cervical cancer that grows in a finger-like shape and can be difficult to diagnose.
7. Clear cell carcinoma: This is a rare type of cervical cancer that arises from clear cells and can be more aggressive than other types of cervical cancer.
8. Adenocarcinoma: This is a type of cervical cancer that arises from glandular cells and can be less aggressive than squamous cell carcinoma.
9. Sarcoma: This is a rare type of cervical cancer that arises from the connective tissue of the cervix.

The treatment options for uterine cervical neoplasms depend on the stage and location of the cancer, as well as the patient's overall health and preferences. The following are some common treatments for uterine cervical neoplasms:

1. Hysterectomy: This is a surgical procedure to remove the uterus and may be recommended for early-stage cancers or precancerous changes.
2. Cryotherapy: This is a minimally invasive procedure that uses liquid nitrogen to freeze and destroy abnormal cells in the cervix.
3. Laser therapy: This is a minimally invasive procedure that uses a laser to remove or destroy abnormal cells in the cervix.
4. Cone biopsy: This is a surgical procedure to remove a small cone-shaped sample of tissue from the cervix to diagnose and treat early-stage cancers or precancerous changes.
5. Radiation therapy: This is a non-surgical treatment that uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells and may be recommended for more advanced cancers or when the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
6. Chemotherapy: This is a non-surgical treatment that uses drugs to kill cancer cells and may be recommended for more advanced cancers or when the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
7. Immunotherapy: This is a non-surgical treatment that uses drugs to stimulate the immune system to fight cancer cells and may be recommended for more advanced cancers or when other treatments have failed.
8. Targeted therapy: This is a non-surgical treatment that uses drugs to target specific genes or proteins that contribute to cancer growth and development and may be recommended for more advanced cancers or when other treatments have failed.

It is important to note that the choice of treatment will depend on the stage and location of the cancer, as well as the patient's overall health and preferences. Patients should discuss their treatment options with their doctor and develop a personalized plan that is right for them.

1. Squamous cell carcinoma: This is the most common type of tongue cancer, accounting for about 90% of all cases. It usually starts on the front two-thirds of the tongue and can spread to other parts of the mouth and throat.
2. Verrucous carcinoma: This type of cancer is less aggressive than squamous cell carcinoma but can still invade surrounding tissues. It typically occurs on the lateral or back part of the tongue.
3. Papillary carcinoma: This type of cancer is rare and usually affects young people. It starts in the mucous glands on the surface of the tongue and tends to grow slowly.
4. Lymphoma: This type of cancer affects the immune system and can occur in various parts of the body, including the tongue. There are different subtypes of lymphoma that can affect the tongue, such as Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
5. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma: This is a rare type of cancer that usually affects children and young adults. It tends to grow slowly and can occur anywhere on the tongue, but it is most common on the front part of the tongue.

The symptoms of tongue neoplasms can vary depending on the type and location of the tumor. Common symptoms include:

* A lump or mass on the tongue that may be painful or tender to the touch
* Bleeding or discharge from the tongue
* Difficulty speaking, swallowing, or moving the tongue
* Pain in the tongue or mouth that does not go away
* A sore throat or ear pain

If you suspect you may have a tongue neoplasm, it is important to see a doctor for an evaluation. A biopsy can be performed to determine the type of tumor and develop a treatment plan. Treatment options can vary depending on the type and location of the tumor, but may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these.

Some common types of choroid neoplasms include:

1. Choroidal melanoma: A malignant tumor that arises from the pigment-producing cells of the choroid. It is the most common type of primary intraocular cancer and can spread to other parts of the body if left untreated.
2. Choroidal hemangioma: A benign tumor that arises from the blood vessels of the choroid. It can cause changes in vision and may require treatment to prevent complications.
3. Choroidal naevus: A benign growth that occurs in the choroid and can be inherited. It is usually asymptomatic but can sometimes cause changes in vision.
4. Other rare types of choroid neoplasms include choroidal lymphoma, choroidal osteochondromatosis, and choroidal metastasis (metastasis of cancer from another part of the body to the choroid).

Choroid neoplasms can be diagnosed using a variety of tests, including imaging studies such as ultrasound, CT or MRI scans, and visual field testing. Treatment options vary depending on the type and location of the neoplasm, and may include observation, laser therapy, photodynamic therapy, or surgery.

Overall, choroid neoplasms are complex and varied conditions that require careful evaluation and treatment by an ophthalmologist or other eye care professional to prevent complications and preserve vision.

The symptoms of fat necrosis can vary depending on the location and extent of the affected tissue. In some cases, there may be no symptoms at all, while in others, there may be pain, swelling, redness, and warmth in the affected area. If the condition becomes severe, it can lead to the formation of a fat necrosis mass or abscess, which can be painful and tender to the touch.

Fat necrosis is typically diagnosed through imaging studies such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI. A biopsy may also be performed to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions.

Treatment of fat necrosis depends on the severity of the condition and can range from conservative measures such as rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE) to surgical intervention in more severe cases. In some cases, antibiotics may be prescribed if there is an underlying infection.

Preventing fat necrosis is challenging, but it can be minimized by avoiding trauma or injury to the affected area, maintaining good wound care, and managing any underlying medical conditions that may contribute to the development of the condition.

Example sentences:

1) The patient was diagnosed with a rectal disease and was advised to make dietary changes to manage their symptoms.

2) The doctor performed a rectal examination to rule out any underlying rectal diseases that may be causing the patient's bleeding.

3) The patient underwent surgery to remove a rectal polyp and treat their rectal disease.

1. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): The enlargement of the prostate gland can put pressure on the urethra and bladder, making it difficult to urinate.
2. Prostatitis: Inflammation of the prostate gland can cause urinary retention.
3. Bladder Outlet Obstruction: A blockage in the muscles of the bladder neck or urethra can prevent urine from flowing freely.
4. Neurological Disorders: Conditions such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and spinal cord injuries can disrupt the nerve signals that control urination, leading to urinary retention.
5. Medications: Certain medications, such as antidepressants, antipsychotics, and anesthetics, can cause urinary retention as a side effect.
6. Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): UTIs can cause inflammation and scarring in the bladder or urethra, leading to urinary retention.
7. Impacted Stone: Kidney stones that are too large to pass can cause urinary retention if they become lodged in the ureter or bladder.
8. Bladder Cancer: Tumors in the bladder can grow and block the flow of urine, leading to urinary retention.
9. Urethral Stricture: A narrowing of the urethra can cause urinary retention by restricting the flow of urine.

Symptoms of urinary retention may include:

1. Difficulty starting to urinate
2. Weak or interrupted urine stream
3. Painful urination
4. Inability to fully empty the bladder
5. Frequent urination
6. Leaking of urine (incontinence)
7. Blood in the urine

Treatment for urinary retention depends on the underlying cause and may include medications, catheterization, or surgery. It is important to seek medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen over time, as untreated urinary retention can lead to complications such as kidney damage or sepsis.

This definition of 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local' is from the Healthcare Professionals edition of the Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary, copyright © 2007 by Merriam-Webster, Inc.

The exact cause of histiocytoma is not well understood, but it is believed to be related to an abnormal growth of histiocytes in response to an underlying genetic mutation or exposure to certain environmental factors.

Symptoms of histiocytoma may include:

1. Redness and swelling of the affected area
2. Pain or tenderness in the affected area
3. A small, firm bump on the skin that may be raised or flat
4. Skin discoloration or pigmentation in the affected area

Histiocytoma can be diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and diagnostic tests such as biopsy, imaging studies (e.g., X-rays, CT scans, MRI), or blood tests.

Treatment for histiocytoma usually involves surgical excision of the tumor, which can be performed under local anesthesia. In some cases, the tumor may recur after surgery, and radiation therapy or chemotherapy may be recommended to prevent recurrence. However, histiocytoma is generally a benign condition, and the prognosis is good if the tumor is completely removed.

It's important to note that histiocytoma should not be confused with malignant histiocytic disorders such as lymphoma or leukemia, which are cancerous conditions that can have more aggressive symptoms and a poorer prognosis if left untreated.

Uveal neoplasms can cause a variety of symptoms, including blurred vision, flashes of light, floaters, and eye pain. These tumors can also cause inflammation and swelling in the eye, which can lead to glaucoma or other complications.

Diagnosis of uveal neoplasms typically involves a combination of physical examination, imaging tests such as ultrasound and MRI, and biopsy. Treatment options for uveal neoplasms depend on the type and location of the tumor, as well as the severity of the disease. Surgery is often the first line of treatment for these tumors, and may involve removal of the affected tissue or the entire eye. Radiation therapy and chemotherapy may also be used in some cases.

Overall, uveal neoplasms are serious conditions that can have a significant impact on vision and eye health. Early diagnosis and treatment are key to improving outcomes for patients with these tumors.

Some common types of urination disorders include:

1. Urinary incontinence: The loss of bladder control, resulting in the involuntary leakage of urine.
2. Overactive bladder: A condition characterized by sudden, intense urges to urinate, often with urgency and frequency.
3. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH): An enlarged prostate that can cause urinary frequency, hesitancy, and weak stream.
4. Interstitial cystitis: A chronic bladder condition characterized by recurring discomfort or pain in the bladder area, often accompanied by urinary frequency and pelvic pain.
5. Neurogenic bladder: A condition caused by damage to the nervous system that affects the bladder's ability to store and release urine normally.

Urination disorders can have a significant impact on quality of life, causing embarrassment, anxiety, and sleep disturbances. Treatment options vary depending on the underlying cause and may include medications, lifestyle changes, or surgery. It is important to seek medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen over time.

Coronary restenosis is a common complication after coronary interventions, such as angioplasty or stenting. It is estimated that up to 20% of patients may experience restenosis within six months after treatment. If left untreated, restenosis can lead to chest pain, heart attack, or even death.

Treatment options for coronary restenosis include repeat angioplasty or stenting, medications such as beta blockers and calcium channel blockers, or bypass surgery. It is important for patients to work closely with their healthcare provider to monitor their symptoms and undergo regular follow-up appointments to prevent or diagnose restenosis early on.

Common types of genital neoplasms in females include:

1. Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN): A precancerous condition that affects the vulva, the external female genital area.
2. Cervical dysplasia: Precancerous changes in the cells of the cervix, which can progress to cancer if left untreated.
3. Endometrial hyperplasia: Abnormal growth of the uterine lining, which can sometimes develop into endometrial cancer.
4. Endometrial adenocarcinoma: Cancer that arises in the glands of the uterine lining.
5. Ovarian cancer: Cancer that originates in the ovaries.
6. Vaginal cancer: Cancer that occurs in the vagina.
7. Cervical cancer: Cancer that occurs in the cervix.
8. Uterine leiomyosarcoma: A rare type of cancer that occurs in the uterus.
9. Uterine clear cell carcinoma: A rare type of cancer that occurs in the uterus.
10. Mesothelioma: A rare type of cancer that affects the lining of the abdominal cavity, including the female reproductive organs.

Treatment for genital neoplasms in females depends on the type and stage of the disease, and may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these. Early detection and treatment are important to improve outcomes and reduce the risk of complications.