Brachiocephalic Veins
Brachiocephalic Trunk
Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
Vena Cava, Superior
Azygos Vein
Jugular Veins
Phlebography
Catheterization, Central Venous
Constriction, Pathologic
Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical
Subclavian Artery
Subclavian Vein
Clavicle
Plant Leaves
Carotid Arteries
Right atrial bypass grafting for central venous obstruction associated with dialysis access: another treatment option. (1/149)
PURPOSE: Central venous obstruction is a common problem in patients with chronic renal failure who undergo maintenance hemodialysis. We studied the use of right atrial bypass grafting in nine cases of central venous obstruction associated with upper extremity venous hypertension. To better understand the options for managing this condition, we discuss the roles of surgery and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with stent placement. METHODS: All patients had previously undergone placement of bilateral temporary subclavian vein dialysis catheters. Severe arm swelling, graft thrombosis, or graft malfunction developed because of central venous stenosis or obstruction in the absence of alternative access sites. A large-diameter (10 to 16 mm) externally reinforced polytetrafluoroethylene (GoreTex) graft was used to bypass the obstructed vein and was anastomosed to the right atrial appendage. This technique was used to bypass six lesions in the subclavian vein, two lesions at the innominate vein/superior vena caval junction, and one lesion in the distal axillary vein. RESULTS: All patients except one had significant resolution of symptoms without operative mortality. Bypass grafts remained patent, allowing the arteriovenous grafts to provide functional access for 1.5 to 52 months (mean, 15.4 months) after surgery. CONCLUSION: Because no mortality directly resulted from the procedure and the morbidity rate was acceptable, this bypass grafting technique was adequate in maintaining the dialysis access needed by these patients. Because of the magnitude of the procedure, we recommend it only for the occasional patient in whom all other access sites are exhausted and in whom percutaneous dilation and/or stenting has failed. (+info)Volume flow measurement in hemodialysis shunts using time-domain correlation. (2/149)
Volume flow was measured in 58 hemodialysis shunts (32 grafts and 26 radial fistulas) using the color velocity imaging-quantification method. This method is based on time-domain correlation for velocity calculation and integration of time-varying velocity profiles generated by M-mode sampling. Measurements were made in the brachial artery to estimate radial fistula flow or directly in the grafts. Intraoperator reproducibility was 14.9% for fistulas and 11.6% for grafts. Flow rate was significantly lower in abnormal shunts associated with a functional disorder or a morphologic complication (808 ml/min +/- 484) than in shunts associated with no abnormalities (1401 ml/min +/- 562). Receiver operating characteristic curves showed that a flow rate of 900 ml/min for fistulas and 1300 ml/min for grafts provided 81% and 79% sensitivity and 79% and 67% specificity, respectively. A functional disorder or a morphologic complication was associated with all fistulas and grafts in which flow rates were lower than 500 ml/min and 800 ml/min, respectively. (+info)The snuffbox arteriovenous fistula for vascular access. (3/149)
OBJECTIVES: to determine the applicability, patency rates and factors influencing patency of snuffbox arteriovenous fistulae for haemodialysis access. DESIGN: retrospective non-randomised study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: patency was determined by reference to an ongoing database and dialysis records of 645 vascular access procedures between 1985 and 1997, including 210 snuffbox fistulae in 201 patients. RESULTS: snuffbox fistulae comprised 189/376 (50%) primary procedures. Records of 208 snuffbox fistulae were available for patency analysis by the life-table method. Twenty-two (11%) thrombosed within 24 hours of operation. After six weeks 80% were used for dialysis. Cumulative patency was 65% at 1 year and 45% at 5 years. After thrombosis of snuffbox fistulae, ipsilateral wrist fistulae could be constructed in 45%. Fistula patency was significantly better in men than women (p<0.001) and for left- than right-sided fistulae (p<0.001). Diabetes, age >70 years, and the prior commencement of haemodialysis did not significantly affect fistula survival. CONCLUSIONS: the snuffbox AV fistula gives a long segment of arterialised vein for needling and preserves proximal vessels. It is feasible in 50% of patients requiring primary access and has good long-term patency, especially in men. A more proximal fistula may be preferable in women with smaller vessels. (+info)Minimally invasive thymoma with extensive intravascular growth. (4/149)
A 70-year-old male with grossly non-invasive thymic tumor associated with myasthenia gravis was subjected to thymothymectomy. Microscopic examination showed extensive intravascular tumor extensions into veins of thymic tissue and surrounding muscles and a minute direct invasion of the thymic tissue. Histologically, the tumor showed mixed-type thymoma with polygonal epithelial cells. These pathological findings indicated that the tumor cells extended mainly into vessels beyond the tumor capsule via tumor drainage veins rather than invading neighboring structures. After chemotherapy and mediastinal irradiation, the patient is now in complete remission of myasthenia gravis and is recurrence-free 15 months after surgery. (+info)Occlusion of azygos vein via direct percutaneous puncture of innominate vein following cavopulmonary anastomosis. (5/149)
A 2-year-10-month-old boy was diagnosed with a complex congenital heart disease: right atrial isomerism, left superior vena cava (LSVC), complete atrioventricular septal defect, secundum type atrial septal defect, transposition of the great arteries with pulmonary atresia, patent ductus arteriosus, absence of a right superior vena cava (RSVC), and dextrocardia. He had received a left Blalock-Taussig (BT) shunt at the age of 3 months and a left bidirectional Glenn shunt one year after BT shunt. Progressive cyanosis was noted after the second operation and cardiac catheterization showed a functional Glenn shunt with an engorged azygos vein, which was inadvertently skipped for ligation. Because of the absence of RSVC, transcatheter occlusion of the azygos vein was performed successfully via direct puncture of the innominate vein. (+info)Crushed stents in benign left brachiocephalic vein stenoses. (6/149)
Two hemodialysis patients presenting with left venous arm congestion due to benign catheter-induced stenosis of the left brachiocephalic vein were treated by angioplasty and stent placement. External compression of the stents was responsible for rapid recurrence of the symptoms. No osseous or vascular malformation could be identified. Mechanical constraints induced by respiratory chest wall motion and aortic arch flow-related pulsation are proposed to explain this observation. This potential hazard should be considered when stent placement into the left brachiocephalic vein is advocated. (+info)Stent placement for treatment of central and peripheral venous obstruction: a long-term multi-institutional experience. (7/149)
PURPOSE: The clinical success and patency of central and peripheral venous stents in patients with symptomatic venous obstruction (SVO) were assessed. METHODS: The records of patients with SVO treated with venous stents from 1992 to 1999 were reviewed. Demographic and procedural variables were analyzed to determine their effect on clinical success, primary patency, and secondary patency. Patency was determined by means of a follow-up duplex scan or venogram. RESULTS: Forty central venous (CV) and 14 peripheral venous (PV) obstructions were treated in 49 patients. Sixty-five stents were placed (50 CV and 15 PV), 54 in previously unstented lesions and 11 in previously stented lesions. Causes of CV lesions included catheter placement (82%), tumor compression (6%), arteriovenous fistula (AVF) and no prior catheter (2%), and other (10%). All PV lesions resulted from complications of dialysis. Indications for CV stents included limb edema (46%), AVF malfunction (30%), both limb edema and AVF malfunction (14%), and other (10%). PV stent indications were AVF malfunction (86%) and limb edema (14%). Thirteen CV stents indicated to treat tumor compression (three cases), May-Thurner syndrome (one case), deep venous thrombosis (three cases), superior vena cava syndrome (one case), and lower-extremity catheter-related lesions (five cases) were excluded from the analysis of clinical outcome. Fifty-two stents (37 CV and 15 PV) were included in the analysis of clinical outcome. All CV lesions included in the analysis were complications of prolonged catheterization. Eighty-nine percent of patients had end-stage renal disease and an AVF. Complications developed in 26% of patients with PV stents and in no patients with CV stents (P <.002). The mean follow-up period was 16 months. Sixty-two percent of patients required a reintervention for recurrent SVO. Only 32% of the interventions resulted in sustained symptomatic improvement. For CV stents, the primary patency rate was 85%, 27%, and 9% at 3, 12, and 24 months, respectively; the secondary patency rate was 91%, 71%, and 39% at 3, 12, and 24 months, respectively; and the clinical success rate was 94%, 94%, and 79%, at 3, 12, and 24 months, respectively. For PV stents, the primary patency rate was 73%, 17% and 17% at 3, 12, and 24 months, respectively; the secondary patency rate was 80%, 56%, and 35% at 3, 12, and 24 months, respectively; and the clinical success rate was 92%, 75%, and 42% at 3, 12 and 24 months, respectively. CONCLUSION: Stents provide a temporary benefit in most patients with central or peripheral upper-extremity SVO. Regular follow-up and reinterventions are required to maintain patency and achieve long-term clinical success. Stents used for CV lesions have higher clinical success rates than stents used for PV lesions. Patients with a reasonable life expectancy or who are unable to return for subsequent procedures should be considered for undergoing alternative therapy. (+info)Arteriovenous fistulae complicating cardiac pacemaker lead extraction: recognition, evaluation, and management. (8/149)
Transvenous pacemaker lead extraction has become a commonly performed procedure that is associated with a small but significant risk. We report two cases where lead extraction was complicated by arteriovenous fistulae between branches of the aortic arch and the left brachiocephalic vein. Presenting signs and symptoms included severe chest or back pain, persistent or copious bleeding from the venous puncture site, unexplained hypotension or anemia, superior vena cava syndrome, and signs of central venous hypertension or acute heart failure. One patient whose injury was not recognized immediately and who did not undergo repair died rapidly, whereas the other patient who was diagnosed quickly underwent successful repair. Immediate diagnosis with arteriography and rapid intervention with surgery or percutaneous techniques are indicated and may prevent mortality. (+info)The syndrome can be caused by a variety of factors, including:
* Compression from a tumor or other mass in the chest or neck
* Injury to the vein from trauma or surgery
* Blood clots or thrombophlebitis (inflammation of the vein wall)
* Infection or inflammation of the vein
* Cardiac tamponade (fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac surrounding the heart)
Symptoms of SVC syndrome can vary depending on the location and severity of the compression. They may include:
* Swelling of the face, neck, and arms
* Shortness of breath
* Difficulty speaking or swallowing
* Pain in the head, neck, or chest
* Fatigue or weakness
* Decreased consciousness or confusion
If you suspect that you or someone else may be experiencing SVC syndrome, it is important to seek medical attention immediately. A healthcare provider will perform a physical examination and order diagnostic tests, such as imaging studies or blood tests, to determine the cause of the symptoms and develop an appropriate treatment plan.
Treatment for SVC syndrome may include:
* Anticoagulation medications to prevent blood clots from forming
* Pain management medications to relieve swelling and discomfort
* Surgery to remove a tumor or other mass compressing the vein
* Endovascular procedures, such as angioplasty or stenting, to open up the vein and restore blood flow
* Supportive care, such as oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation, in severe cases.
Early diagnosis and treatment are critical to prevent complications and improve outcomes for patients with SVC syndrome. If you suspect that you or someone else may be experiencing symptoms of this condition, do not hesitate to seek medical attention right away.
Some examples of pathologic constrictions include:
1. Stenosis: A narrowing or constriction of a blood vessel or other tubular structure, often caused by the buildup of plaque or scar tissue.
2. Asthma: A condition characterized by inflammation and constriction of the airways, which can make breathing difficult.
3. Esophageal stricture: A narrowing of the esophagus that can cause difficulty swallowing.
4. Gastric ring constriction: A narrowing of the stomach caused by a band of tissue that forms in the upper part of the stomach.
5. Anal fissure: A tear in the lining of the anus that can cause pain and difficulty passing stools.
Pathologic constrictions can be caused by a variety of factors, including inflammation, infection, injury, or genetic disorders. They can be diagnosed through imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, or endoscopies, and may require surgical treatment to relieve symptoms and improve function.
Brachiocephalic vein
Brachiocephalic artery
Gunshot wound
Internal thoracic vein
Supreme intercostal vein
Thymic veins
Superior intercostal vein
Trachea
Venous translucence
Pericardiacophrenic veins
Anterior cardinal vein
Thymus
Dissection (medical)
Thyroid
Jugular vein
Suboccipital venous plexus
Anomalous pulmonary venous connection
Thoracic diaphragm
Inferior thyroid veins
Lung
Parathyroid gland
Brachiocephalic
Lymph duct
Posterior intercostal veins
Superior deep cervical lymph nodes
Thoracic duct
Subclavian vein
Innominate
Venous hum
Stellate ganglion
List of cardiology mnemonics
Venous angle
Index of anatomy articles
Subclavian artery
Vascular access
Superior vena cava
Pancoast tumor
Superior epigastric artery
Metastasis
Arteriovenous fistula
Persistent left superior vena cava
Outline of human anatomy
Paget-Schroetter disease
Brachiocephalic vein: Revision history - wikidoc
Subjects: Brachiocephalic Veins -- surgery - Digital Collections - National Library of Medicine Search Results
Ventricular septal defect with uncommon three left brachiocephalic veins. | Eur Heart J Case Rep;7(8): ytad350, 2023 Aug. |...
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Imaging in Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT) of the Upper Extremity: Practice Essentials, Radiography, Computed Tomography
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Repair technique for a rare partial anomalous pulmonary venous return associated with retroaortic innominate vein - PubMed
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Jugular Veins | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard Catalyst
Invasive Infections with Nannizziopsis obscura Species Complex in 9 Patients from West Africa, France, 2004-2020 - Volume 26,...
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Subclavian veins8
- [ 1 ] Upper extremity DVT should be considered in patients with isolated unilateral upper limb swelling and primarily involves the brachial, axillary, and subclavian veins. (medscape.com)
- A thrombus has propagated peripherally from the tip of the catheter in the superior vena cava into both subclavian veins. (medscape.com)
- Large veins on either side of the root of the neck formed by the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins. (nih.gov)
- Veins in the neck which drain the brain, face, and neck into the brachiocephalic or subclavian veins. (harvard.edu)
- Blood returning to the heart is mostly parallel to the arteries, with subclavian veins, vertebral veins , and (parallel to the carotids) internal and external jugular veins . (factmonster.com)
- Blood returning from the head enters the torso through the left and right jugular veins while blood returning from the arms enters through the left and right subclavian veins. (innerbody.com)
- The jugular and subclavian veins on each side merge to form the left and right brachiocephalic trunks, which go on to merge into the superior vena cava. (innerbody.com)
- His prior shunts placed in the right internal jugular and subclavian veins became thrombosed repeatedly. (americanjir.com)
Innominate vein1
- Retroaortic innominate vein (RIV) is a rare vascular abnormality. (nih.gov)
Arteries6
- Later in this section I explore another parallel track-although not a complete circuit as it only goes one way-called the lymphatic system , which follows the pathway of the major arteries and veins. (factmonster.com)
- As long as the blood travels over the pancreas, there are, of course, little pancreatic arteries and pancreatic veins . (factmonster.com)
- The renal arteries and renal veins (renal means kidney) are thus kind of short, although the left and right vessels for each kidney will be slightly different, as the right kidney is closer to the vena cava than it is to aorta, and vice versa (refer to Figure 12.1). (factmonster.com)
- A capillary is an extremely small blood vessel located within the tissues of the body, that transports blood from arteries to veins. (mthelpinghand.com)
- The pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins provide vital but short distance blood flow between the heart and the lungs. (innerbody.com)
- The arch of the aorta branches off into three major arteries - the brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery. (innerbody.com)
Merge into the superior vena2
- The actual return to the superior vena cava, which is on the right side of the heart, is more symmetrical than the aorta, with both left and right brachiocephalic veins , both of which merge into the superior vena cava. (factmonster.com)
- Several smaller veins carrying blood from the organs, muscles, and skin of the upper torso also merge into the superior vena cava. (innerbody.com)
Aorta1
- Surgical therapy of ischemic coronary artery disease achieved by grafting a section of saphenous vein , internal mammary artery, or other substitute between the aorta and the obstructed coronary artery distal to the obstructive lesion. (lookformedical.com)
Splenic vein4
- Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome, etc.), heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, or a mechanical cause for DVT (e.g., arm DVT or SVC thrombosis related to a central venous catheter or transvenous pacemaker, portal and/or splenic vein thrombosis related to liver cirrhosis, IVC thrombosis related to retroperitoneal fibrosis, etc.), with hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula thrombosis, or with prior liver or bone marrow transplantation were excluded. (nih.gov)
- The spleen, which is on the left side of the upper abdomen, next to the stomach, has the splenic artery and splenic vein that travel to and from the spleen, directly over the pancreas. (factmonster.com)
- A short thick vein formed by union of the superior mesenteric vein and the splenic vein . (lookformedical.com)
- the inferior mesenteric vein empties into the splenic vein , the superior mesenteric vein joins the splenic vein to form the portal vein . (lookformedical.com)
Inferior3
- A vein on either side of the body which is formed by the union of the external and internal iliac veins and passes upward to join with its fellow of the opposite side to form the inferior vena cava. (lookformedical.com)
- Blood returning to the heart from the lower torso and legs enters the upper torso in a large vein called the inferior vena cava. (innerbody.com)
- The inferior vena cava picks up deoxygenated blood from the hepatic and phrenic veins before entering the right atrium of the heart. (innerbody.com)
Jugular Vein7
- This contrast-enhanced study was obtained through a Mediport placed through the chest wall through the internal jugular vein to facilitate chemotherapy. (medscape.com)
- Anastomosis to the Internal Jugular Vein Stump: A Highly Reliable Technique in Head and Neck Reconstruction. (harvard.edu)
- Occlusion of the internal jugular vein in differentiated thyroid carcinoma: Causes and diagnosis. (harvard.edu)
- Internal Jugular Vein Compression Collar Mitigates Histopathological Alterations after Closed Head Rotational Head Impact in Swine: A Pilot Study. (harvard.edu)
- For anatomical reasons, the internal jugular vein is usually preferred in heavier babies. (asahq.org)
- 1,000 g), percutaneous cannulation of the internal jugular vein can be difficult because of the small size of the vessel and its close proximity to the carotid artery. (asahq.org)
- Revision of the Denver shunt could therefore only be done by directly cannulating into the proximal SVC away from the thrombosed right internal jugular vein. (americanjir.com)
Artery2
- The name of the right branch, which must go to both the right arm and the right side of the head is called the brachiocephalic ( brachio = arm, cephalic = head) artery. (factmonster.com)
- The internal mammary artery is escorted by 2 venae comitantes, which unify in the level of 3rd costal cartilage to create the internal thoracic (mammary) vein, which runs upwards along the medial side of the artery to terminate into the brachiocephalic vein in the root of the neck . (earthslab.com)
Proximal2
- Proximal leg deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which includes the common iliac, internal iliac, external iliac, common femoral, superficial [now termed "femoral"] femoral, deep femoral [sometimes referred to as "profunda" femoral] and/or popliteal veins. (nih.gov)
- Note: greater and lesser saphenous veins, or other superficial or perforator veins, were not included as proximal or distal leg DVT). (nih.gov)
Thrombosis10
- With central venous catheterization, upper extremity and brachiocephalic venous thrombosis has become a more common problem. (medscape.com)
- 9. Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy in differential diagnosis of portal vein tumor thrombosis. (nih.gov)
- Cavernous transformation of the portal vein in primary portal vein thrombosis]. (nih.gov)
- VTE cases were consecutive Mayo Clinic outpatients with objectively-diagnosed deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and/or pulmonary embolism (PE) residing in the upper Midwest and referred by Mayo Clinic physician to the Mayo Clinic Special Coagulation Laboratory for clinical diagnostic testing to evaluate for an acquired or inherited thrombophilia, or to the Mayo Clinic Thrombophilia Center. (nih.gov)
- Note: gastrocnemius, soleal and/or sural [e.g., "deep muscular veins" of the calf] vein thrombosis was not included as distal leg DVT). (nih.gov)
- Note: ovarian, testicular, peri-prostatic and/or pelvic vein thrombosis was not included). (nih.gov)
- Cerebral vein thrombosis (includes cerebral or dural sinus or vein, saggital sinus or vein, and/or transverse sinus or vein thrombosis). (nih.gov)
- Lemierre Syndrome: Unusual Presentation With Superior Ophthalmic Vein Thrombosis. (harvard.edu)
- Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) most commonly occurs in the lower limbs, however, are not uncommon in the upper limb and neck deep veins . (radiopaedia.org)
- Treatment of varicose veins , hemorrhoids, gastric and esophageal varices, and peptic ulcer hemorrhage by injection or infusion of chemical agents which cause localized thrombosis and eventual fibrosis and obliteration of the vessels. (lookformedical.com)
Axillary1
- Arm DVT, which includes the axillary, subclavian and/or innominate (brachiocephalic) veins. (nih.gov)
Azygos vein1
- 20. A rare case of hemangioma arising from the azygos vein: Informative procedure with endobronchial ultrasonography. (nih.gov)
Cephalic vein1
- Ultrasound guided technique was used in 646 cases, cephalic vein cutdown in 102 patients and percutaneous blind technique in 48 patients. (medscape.com)
Peroneal veins2
- Distal leg DVT (or "isolated calf DVT"), which includes the anterior tibial, posterior tibial and/or peroneal veins. (nih.gov)
- The majority of lower extremity DVTs develop in the veins of the calf, namely the peroneal veins , posterior tibial veins and the veins of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles 10,11 . (radiopaedia.org)
Popliteal2
- it is a continuation of the popliteal vein and becomes the external iliac vein . (lookformedical.com)
- it courses through the popliteal space and becomes the femoral vein . (lookformedical.com)
Supraclavicular1
- For children, an ultrasound-guided supraclavicular approach of the brachiocephalic vein was recommended to reduce the number of attempts for cannulation and mechanical complications. (bvsalud.org)
Thrombus1
- 15. EUS-guided FNA of a portal vein thrombus in hepatocellular carcinoma. (nih.gov)
Portal vein4
- 1. A Tumor Localized in the Portal Vein. (nih.gov)
- 2. A case of unresectable ectopic acinar cell carcinoma developed in the portal vein in complete response to FOLFIRINOX therapy. (nih.gov)
- 3. Color Doppler ultrasonography in the diagnosis of portal vein invasion in patients with pancreatic cancer. (nih.gov)
- 18. Assessment of portal vein invasion in pancreatic cancer by fusion 3-dimensional ultrasonography. (nih.gov)
Great saph1
- The graft most often utilized is taken from great saphenous vein of the leg. (earthslab.com)
Preterm infants1
- Retrospective evaluation of 599 brachiocephalic vein cannulations in neonates and preterm infants. (medunigraz.at)
Occlusion1
- His left subclavian vein was resected with subsequent occlusion of the graft. (americanjir.com)
Superficial1
- On physical examination, the affected leg is often tender and warm, and there may be dilation of superficial veins. (radiopaedia.org)
Carries1
- Each pulmonary vein carries blood from a lung back to the heart where it reenters through the left atrium. (innerbody.com)
Cavernous1
- Brachiocephalic vein compression with jugular venous reflux may mimic cavernous dural arteriovenous fistula on arterial spin labeling. (harvard.edu)
Continuation1
- Retroaortic Course and Azygous Continuation of an Aberrant Left Brachiocephalic Vein. (sanko.edu.tr)
Uncommon1
- Ventricular septal defect with uncommon three left brachiocephalic veins. (bvsalud.org)
Drain1
- Veins which drain the liver. (lookformedical.com)
Descriptor1
- Jugular Veins" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (harvard.edu)
Acute1
- A patient with left brachiocephalic vein UEDVT initially diagnosed radiographically as an acute aortic syndrome and referred to a cardiothoracic unit is presented. (bvsalud.org)
Kidneys1
- Short thick veins which return blood from the kidneys to the vena cava. (lookformedical.com)
Mediastinal1
- The brachiocephalic vein was narrowed likely after his mediastinal lymph node dissection. (americanjir.com)
Upper2
- Venogram of the right upper extremity shows a hemodynamically significant, notchlike stenotic defect in the subclavian vein with the patient's arm in the neutral position. (medscape.com)
- Functioning at the end of the circulatory cycle, the veins of the upper torso carry deoxygenated blood from the tissues of the body back to the heart to be pumped through the body again. (innerbody.com)
Left and r1
- These capillaries converge into larger venules, which further converge to form the left and right pulmonary veins. (innerbody.com)
Ultrasound1
- This narrative review describes the main applications of de la ultrasonografÃa en ultrasound in anesthesia, ultrasound-guided techniques, and current trends in the perioperative anesthetic management of anestesia the surgical patient. (bvsalud.org)
Search1
- El uso de ecografÃa ha entrado en el campo de la medicina del dolor, anestesia regional y del bibliographic search, data intervencionismo analgésico durante la última década, e incluso es el estándar de la práctica, por tanto, la capacitación y analysis, writing, revision and un adecuado aprendizaje en la ecografÃa deben ser parte del plan de estudios de cualquier programa de anestesiologÃa. (bvsalud.org)