Large veins on either side of the root of the neck formed by the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins. They drain blood from the head, neck, and upper extremities, and unite to form the superior vena cava.
The first and largest artery branching from the aortic arch. It distributes blood to the right side of the head and neck and to the right arm.
A condition that occurs when the obstruction of the thin-walled SUPERIOR VENA CAVA interrupts blood flow from the head, upper extremities, and thorax to the RIGHT ATRIUM. Obstruction can be caused by NEOPLASMS; THROMBOSIS; ANEURYSM; or external compression. The syndrome is characterized by swelling and/or CYANOSIS of the face, neck, and upper arms.
The venous trunk which returns blood from the head, neck, upper extremities and chest.
A vein which arises from the right ascending lumbar vein or the vena cava, enters the thorax through the aortic orifice in the diaphragm, and terminates in the superior vena cava.
Veins in the neck which drain the brain, face, and neck into the brachiocephalic or subclavian veins.
Radiographic visualization or recording of a vein after the injection of contrast medium.
Placement of an intravenous CATHETER in the subclavian, jugular, or other central vein.
The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions.
The vessels carrying blood away from the capillary beds.
Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.
Surgical shunt allowing direct passage of blood from an artery to a vein. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
Artery arising from the brachiocephalic trunk on the right side and from the arch of the aorta on the left side. It distributes to the neck, thoracic wall, spinal cord, brain, meninges, and upper limb.
The continuation of the axillary vein which follows the subclavian artery and then joins the internal jugular vein to form the brachiocephalic vein.
A double gliding joint formed by the CLAVICLE, superior and lateral parts of the manubrium sterni at the clavicular notch, and the cartilage of the first rib.

Right atrial bypass grafting for central venous obstruction associated with dialysis access: another treatment option. (1/149)

PURPOSE: Central venous obstruction is a common problem in patients with chronic renal failure who undergo maintenance hemodialysis. We studied the use of right atrial bypass grafting in nine cases of central venous obstruction associated with upper extremity venous hypertension. To better understand the options for managing this condition, we discuss the roles of surgery and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with stent placement. METHODS: All patients had previously undergone placement of bilateral temporary subclavian vein dialysis catheters. Severe arm swelling, graft thrombosis, or graft malfunction developed because of central venous stenosis or obstruction in the absence of alternative access sites. A large-diameter (10 to 16 mm) externally reinforced polytetrafluoroethylene (GoreTex) graft was used to bypass the obstructed vein and was anastomosed to the right atrial appendage. This technique was used to bypass six lesions in the subclavian vein, two lesions at the innominate vein/superior vena caval junction, and one lesion in the distal axillary vein. RESULTS: All patients except one had significant resolution of symptoms without operative mortality. Bypass grafts remained patent, allowing the arteriovenous grafts to provide functional access for 1.5 to 52 months (mean, 15.4 months) after surgery. CONCLUSION: Because no mortality directly resulted from the procedure and the morbidity rate was acceptable, this bypass grafting technique was adequate in maintaining the dialysis access needed by these patients. Because of the magnitude of the procedure, we recommend it only for the occasional patient in whom all other access sites are exhausted and in whom percutaneous dilation and/or stenting has failed.  (+info)

Volume flow measurement in hemodialysis shunts using time-domain correlation. (2/149)

Volume flow was measured in 58 hemodialysis shunts (32 grafts and 26 radial fistulas) using the color velocity imaging-quantification method. This method is based on time-domain correlation for velocity calculation and integration of time-varying velocity profiles generated by M-mode sampling. Measurements were made in the brachial artery to estimate radial fistula flow or directly in the grafts. Intraoperator reproducibility was 14.9% for fistulas and 11.6% for grafts. Flow rate was significantly lower in abnormal shunts associated with a functional disorder or a morphologic complication (808 ml/min +/- 484) than in shunts associated with no abnormalities (1401 ml/min +/- 562). Receiver operating characteristic curves showed that a flow rate of 900 ml/min for fistulas and 1300 ml/min for grafts provided 81% and 79% sensitivity and 79% and 67% specificity, respectively. A functional disorder or a morphologic complication was associated with all fistulas and grafts in which flow rates were lower than 500 ml/min and 800 ml/min, respectively.  (+info)

The snuffbox arteriovenous fistula for vascular access. (3/149)

OBJECTIVES: to determine the applicability, patency rates and factors influencing patency of snuffbox arteriovenous fistulae for haemodialysis access. DESIGN: retrospective non-randomised study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: patency was determined by reference to an ongoing database and dialysis records of 645 vascular access procedures between 1985 and 1997, including 210 snuffbox fistulae in 201 patients. RESULTS: snuffbox fistulae comprised 189/376 (50%) primary procedures. Records of 208 snuffbox fistulae were available for patency analysis by the life-table method. Twenty-two (11%) thrombosed within 24 hours of operation. After six weeks 80% were used for dialysis. Cumulative patency was 65% at 1 year and 45% at 5 years. After thrombosis of snuffbox fistulae, ipsilateral wrist fistulae could be constructed in 45%. Fistula patency was significantly better in men than women (p<0.001) and for left- than right-sided fistulae (p<0.001). Diabetes, age >70 years, and the prior commencement of haemodialysis did not significantly affect fistula survival. CONCLUSIONS: the snuffbox AV fistula gives a long segment of arterialised vein for needling and preserves proximal vessels. It is feasible in 50% of patients requiring primary access and has good long-term patency, especially in men. A more proximal fistula may be preferable in women with smaller vessels.  (+info)

Minimally invasive thymoma with extensive intravascular growth. (4/149)

A 70-year-old male with grossly non-invasive thymic tumor associated with myasthenia gravis was subjected to thymothymectomy. Microscopic examination showed extensive intravascular tumor extensions into veins of thymic tissue and surrounding muscles and a minute direct invasion of the thymic tissue. Histologically, the tumor showed mixed-type thymoma with polygonal epithelial cells. These pathological findings indicated that the tumor cells extended mainly into vessels beyond the tumor capsule via tumor drainage veins rather than invading neighboring structures. After chemotherapy and mediastinal irradiation, the patient is now in complete remission of myasthenia gravis and is recurrence-free 15 months after surgery.  (+info)

Occlusion of azygos vein via direct percutaneous puncture of innominate vein following cavopulmonary anastomosis. (5/149)

A 2-year-10-month-old boy was diagnosed with a complex congenital heart disease: right atrial isomerism, left superior vena cava (LSVC), complete atrioventricular septal defect, secundum type atrial septal defect, transposition of the great arteries with pulmonary atresia, patent ductus arteriosus, absence of a right superior vena cava (RSVC), and dextrocardia. He had received a left Blalock-Taussig (BT) shunt at the age of 3 months and a left bidirectional Glenn shunt one year after BT shunt. Progressive cyanosis was noted after the second operation and cardiac catheterization showed a functional Glenn shunt with an engorged azygos vein, which was inadvertently skipped for ligation. Because of the absence of RSVC, transcatheter occlusion of the azygos vein was performed successfully via direct puncture of the innominate vein.  (+info)

Crushed stents in benign left brachiocephalic vein stenoses. (6/149)

Two hemodialysis patients presenting with left venous arm congestion due to benign catheter-induced stenosis of the left brachiocephalic vein were treated by angioplasty and stent placement. External compression of the stents was responsible for rapid recurrence of the symptoms. No osseous or vascular malformation could be identified. Mechanical constraints induced by respiratory chest wall motion and aortic arch flow-related pulsation are proposed to explain this observation. This potential hazard should be considered when stent placement into the left brachiocephalic vein is advocated.  (+info)

Stent placement for treatment of central and peripheral venous obstruction: a long-term multi-institutional experience. (7/149)

PURPOSE: The clinical success and patency of central and peripheral venous stents in patients with symptomatic venous obstruction (SVO) were assessed. METHODS: The records of patients with SVO treated with venous stents from 1992 to 1999 were reviewed. Demographic and procedural variables were analyzed to determine their effect on clinical success, primary patency, and secondary patency. Patency was determined by means of a follow-up duplex scan or venogram. RESULTS: Forty central venous (CV) and 14 peripheral venous (PV) obstructions were treated in 49 patients. Sixty-five stents were placed (50 CV and 15 PV), 54 in previously unstented lesions and 11 in previously stented lesions. Causes of CV lesions included catheter placement (82%), tumor compression (6%), arteriovenous fistula (AVF) and no prior catheter (2%), and other (10%). All PV lesions resulted from complications of dialysis. Indications for CV stents included limb edema (46%), AVF malfunction (30%), both limb edema and AVF malfunction (14%), and other (10%). PV stent indications were AVF malfunction (86%) and limb edema (14%). Thirteen CV stents indicated to treat tumor compression (three cases), May-Thurner syndrome (one case), deep venous thrombosis (three cases), superior vena cava syndrome (one case), and lower-extremity catheter-related lesions (five cases) were excluded from the analysis of clinical outcome. Fifty-two stents (37 CV and 15 PV) were included in the analysis of clinical outcome. All CV lesions included in the analysis were complications of prolonged catheterization. Eighty-nine percent of patients had end-stage renal disease and an AVF. Complications developed in 26% of patients with PV stents and in no patients with CV stents (P <.002). The mean follow-up period was 16 months. Sixty-two percent of patients required a reintervention for recurrent SVO. Only 32% of the interventions resulted in sustained symptomatic improvement. For CV stents, the primary patency rate was 85%, 27%, and 9% at 3, 12, and 24 months, respectively; the secondary patency rate was 91%, 71%, and 39% at 3, 12, and 24 months, respectively; and the clinical success rate was 94%, 94%, and 79%, at 3, 12, and 24 months, respectively. For PV stents, the primary patency rate was 73%, 17% and 17% at 3, 12, and 24 months, respectively; the secondary patency rate was 80%, 56%, and 35% at 3, 12, and 24 months, respectively; and the clinical success rate was 92%, 75%, and 42% at 3, 12 and 24 months, respectively. CONCLUSION: Stents provide a temporary benefit in most patients with central or peripheral upper-extremity SVO. Regular follow-up and reinterventions are required to maintain patency and achieve long-term clinical success. Stents used for CV lesions have higher clinical success rates than stents used for PV lesions. Patients with a reasonable life expectancy or who are unable to return for subsequent procedures should be considered for undergoing alternative therapy.  (+info)

Arteriovenous fistulae complicating cardiac pacemaker lead extraction: recognition, evaluation, and management. (8/149)

Transvenous pacemaker lead extraction has become a commonly performed procedure that is associated with a small but significant risk. We report two cases where lead extraction was complicated by arteriovenous fistulae between branches of the aortic arch and the left brachiocephalic vein. Presenting signs and symptoms included severe chest or back pain, persistent or copious bleeding from the venous puncture site, unexplained hypotension or anemia, superior vena cava syndrome, and signs of central venous hypertension or acute heart failure. One patient whose injury was not recognized immediately and who did not undergo repair died rapidly, whereas the other patient who was diagnosed quickly underwent successful repair. Immediate diagnosis with arteriography and rapid intervention with surgery or percutaneous techniques are indicated and may prevent mortality.  (+info)

The brachiocephalic veins, also known as the innominate veins, are large veins in the human body. They are formed by the union of the subclavian vein and the internal jugular vein on each side of the body. The resulting vein then carries blood from the upper limbs, head, and neck to the superior vena cava, which is the large vein that returns blood to the heart.

Here's a more detailed medical definition:

The brachiocephalic veins are paired venous structures that result from the union of the subclavian vein and the internal jugular vein on each side of the body. These veins are located in the superior mediastinum, near the base of the neck, and are typically about 2 to 3 centimeters in length. The brachiocephalic veins receive blood from several sources, including the upper extremities, head, neck, and thoracic wall. They then transport this blood to the superior vena cava, which is a large vein that returns blood to the right atrium of the heart.

It's worth noting that the brachiocephalic veins are subject to various pathological conditions, including thrombosis (blood clots), stenosis (narrowing), and compression by nearby structures such as the first rib or the scalene muscles. These conditions can lead to a variety of symptoms, including swelling, pain, and difficulty breathing.

The brachiocephalic trunk, also known as the brachiocephalic artery or innominate artery, is a large vessel that branches off the aorta and divides into the right common carotid artery and the right subclavian artery. It supplies blood to the head, neck, and arms on the right side of the body.

Superior Vena Cava Syndrome (SVCS) is a medical condition characterized by the obstruction of the superior vena cava (SVC), which is the large vein that carries blood from the upper body to the heart. This obstruction can be caused by cancerous tumors, thrombosis (blood clots), or other compressive factors.

The obstruction results in the impaired flow of blood from the head, neck, arms, and upper chest, leading to a variety of symptoms such as swelling of the face, neck, and upper extremities; shortness of breath; cough; chest pain; and distended veins visible on the skin surface. In severe cases, SVCS can cause life-threatening complications like cerebral edema (swelling of the brain) or pulmonary edema (fluid accumulation in the lungs).

Immediate medical attention is required for individuals with suspected SVCS to prevent further complications and to manage the underlying cause. Treatment options may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, anticoagulation therapy, or surgery, depending on the etiology of the obstruction.

The superior vena cava is a large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper half of the body to the right atrium of the heart. It is formed by the union of the left and right brachiocephalic veins (also known as the internal jugular and subclavian veins) near the base of the neck. The superior vena cava runs posteriorly to the sternum and enters the upper right portion of the right atrium, just posterior to the opening of the inferior vena cava. It plays a crucial role in the circulatory system by allowing blood returning from the head, neck, upper limbs, and thorax to bypass the liver before entering the heart.

The azygos vein is a large, unpaired venous structure in the thoracic cavity of the human body. It begins as the ascending lumbar vein, which receives blood from the lower extremities and abdominal organs. As it enters the thorax through the diaphragm, it becomes the azygos vein and continues to ascend along the vertebral column.

The azygos vein receives blood from various tributaries, including the intercostal veins, esophageal veins, mediastinal veins, and bronchial veins. It then arches over the right mainstem bronchus and empties into the superior vena cava, which returns blood to the right atrium of the heart.

The azygos vein provides an important collateral pathway for venous return in cases where the inferior vena cava is obstructed or occluded. It also plays a role in the spread of certain thoracic diseases, such as tuberculosis and cancer.

The jugular veins are a pair of large, superficial veins that carry blood from the head and neck to the heart. They are located in the neck and are easily visible when looking at the side of a person's neck. The external jugular vein runs along the surface of the muscles in the neck, while the internal jugular vein runs within the carotid sheath along with the carotid artery and the vagus nerve.

The jugular veins are important in clinical examinations because they can provide information about a person's cardiovascular function and intracranial pressure. For example, distention of the jugular veins may indicate heart failure or increased intracranial pressure, while decreased venous pulsations may suggest a low blood pressure or shock.

It is important to note that medical conditions such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) can also affect the jugular veins and can lead to serious complications if not treated promptly.

Phlebography is a medical imaging technique used to visualize and assess the veins, particularly in the legs. It involves the injection of a contrast agent into the veins, followed by X-ray imaging to capture the flow of the contrast material through the veins. This allows doctors to identify any abnormalities such as blood clots, blockages, or malformations in the venous system.

There are different types of phlebography, including ascending phlebography (where the contrast agent is injected into a foot vein and travels up the leg) and descending phlebography (where the contrast agent is injected into a vein in the groin or neck and travels down the leg).

Phlebography is an invasive procedure that requires careful preparation and monitoring, and it is typically performed by radiologists or vascular specialists. It has largely been replaced by non-invasive imaging techniques such as ultrasound and CT angiography in many clinical settings.

Central venous catheterization is a medical procedure in which a flexible tube called a catheter is inserted into a large vein in the body, usually in the neck (internal jugular vein), chest (subclavian vein), or groin (femoral vein). The catheter is threaded through the vein until it reaches a central location, such as the superior vena cava or the right atrium of the heart.

Central venous catheterization may be performed for several reasons, including:

1. To administer medications, fluids, or nutritional support directly into the bloodstream.
2. To monitor central venous pressure (CVP), which can help assess a patient's volume status and cardiac function.
3. To draw blood samples for laboratory tests.
4. To deliver chemotherapy drugs or other medications that may be harmful to peripheral veins.
5. To provide access for hemodialysis or other long-term therapies.

The procedure requires careful attention to sterile technique to minimize the risk of infection, and it is usually performed under local anesthesia with sedation or general anesthesia. Complications of central venous catheterization may include bleeding, infection, pneumothorax (collapsed lung), arterial puncture, and catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI).

Pathological constriction refers to an abnormal narrowing or tightening of a body passage or organ, which can interfere with the normal flow of blood, air, or other substances through the area. This constriction can occur due to various reasons such as inflammation, scarring, or abnormal growths, and can affect different parts of the body, including blood vessels, airways, intestines, and ureters. Pathological constriction can lead to a range of symptoms and complications depending on its location and severity, and may require medical intervention to correct.

Veins are blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from the tissues back to the heart. They have a lower pressure than arteries and contain valves to prevent the backflow of blood. Veins have a thin, flexible wall with a larger lumen compared to arteries, allowing them to accommodate more blood volume. The color of veins is often blue or green due to the absorption characteristics of light and the reduced oxygen content in the blood they carry.

X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging method that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional (tomographic) images (virtual "slices") of the body. These cross-sectional images can then be used to display detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body.

The term "computed tomography" is used instead of "CT scan" or "CAT scan" because the machines take a series of X-ray measurements from different angles around the body and then use a computer to process these data to create detailed images of internal structures within the body.

CT scanning is a noninvasive, painless medical test that helps physicians diagnose and treat medical conditions. CT imaging provides detailed information about many types of tissue including lung, bone, soft tissue and blood vessels. CT examinations can be performed on every part of the body for a variety of reasons including diagnosis, surgical planning, and monitoring of therapeutic responses.

In computed tomography (CT), an X-ray source and detector rotate around the patient, measuring the X-ray attenuation at many different angles. A computer uses this data to construct a cross-sectional image by the process of reconstruction. This technique is called "tomography". The term "computed" refers to the use of a computer to reconstruct the images.

CT has become an important tool in medical imaging and diagnosis, allowing radiologists and other physicians to view detailed internal images of the body. It can help identify many different medical conditions including cancer, heart disease, lung nodules, liver tumors, and internal injuries from trauma. CT is also commonly used for guiding biopsies and other minimally invasive procedures.

In summary, X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging technique that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional images of the body. It provides detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body, allowing physicians to diagnose and treat medical conditions.

An arteriovenous shunt is a surgically created connection between an artery and a vein. This procedure is typically performed to reroute blood flow or to provide vascular access for various medical treatments. In a surgical setting, the creation of an arteriovenous shunt involves connecting an artery directly to a vein, bypassing the capillary network in between.

There are different types of arteriovenous shunts used for specific medical purposes:

1. Arteriovenous Fistula (AVF): This is a surgical connection created between an artery and a vein, usually in the arm or leg. The procedure involves dissecting both the artery and vein, then suturing them directly together. Over time, the increased blood flow to the vein causes it to dilate and thicken, making it suitable for repeated needle punctures during hemodialysis treatments for patients with kidney failure.
2. Arteriovenous Graft (AVG): An arteriovenous graft is a synthetic tube used to connect an artery and a vein when a direct AVF cannot be created due to insufficient vessel size or poor quality. The graft can be made of various materials, such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or Dacron. Grafts are more prone to infection and clotting compared to native AVFs but remain an essential option for patients requiring hemodialysis access.
3. Central Venous Catheter (CVC): A central venous catheter is a flexible tube inserted into a large vein, often in the neck or groin, and advanced towards the heart. CVCs can be used as temporary arteriovenous shunts for patients who require immediate hemodialysis access but do not have time to wait for an AVF or AVG to mature. However, they are associated with higher risks of infection and thrombosis compared to native AVFs and AVGs.

In summary, a surgical arteriovenous shunt is a connection between an artery and a vein established through a medical procedure. The primary purpose of these shunts is to provide vascular access for hemodialysis in patients with end-stage renal disease or to serve as temporary access when native AVFs or AVGs are not feasible.

The subclavian artery is a major blood vessel that supplies the upper limb and important structures in the neck and head. It arises from the brachiocephalic trunk (in the case of the right subclavian artery) or directly from the aortic arch (in the case of the left subclavian artery).

The subclavian artery has several branches, including:

1. The vertebral artery, which supplies blood to the brainstem and cerebellum.
2. The internal thoracic artery (also known as the mammary artery), which supplies blood to the chest wall, breast, and anterior mediastinum.
3. The thyrocervical trunk, which gives rise to several branches that supply the neck, including the inferior thyroid artery, the suprascapular artery, and the transverse cervical artery.
4. The costocervical trunk, which supplies blood to the neck and upper back, including the posterior chest wall and the lower neck muscles.

The subclavian artery is a critical vessel in maintaining adequate blood flow to the upper limb, and any blockage or damage to this vessel can lead to significant morbidity, including arm pain, numbness, weakness, or even loss of function.

The subclavian vein is a large venous structure that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper limb and part of the thorax back to the heart. It forms when the axillary vein passes through the narrow space between the first rib and the clavicle (collarbone), becoming the subclavian vein.

On the left side, the subclavian vein joins with the internal jugular vein to form the brachiocephalic vein, while on the right side, the subclavian vein directly merges with the internal jugular vein to create the brachiocephalic vein. These brachiocephalic veins then unite to form the superior vena cava, which drains blood into the right atrium of the heart.

The subclavian vein is an essential structure for venous access in various medical procedures and interventions, such as placing central venous catheters or performing blood tests.

The sternoclavicular joint is the joint where the clavicle (collarbone) meets the sternum (breastbone). It is the only joint that connects the upper limb to the trunk of the body. This joint allows for movement in multiple directions, including elevation and depression of the shoulder, as well as some degree of protraction and retraction. The sternoclavicular joint is supported by several ligaments, which provide stability and strength to the joint.

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... brachiocephalic, and vertebral veins; thyroid vessels), and nervous system anatomy (spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral ...
It terminates in the brachiocephalic vein. It has a width of 2-3 mm. There is either one or two internal thoracic veins ... The left internal thoracic vein may bifurcate between ribs 3-4 or remain as a single vein. The right internal thoracic vein may ... In human anatomy, the internal thoracic vein (previously known as the internal mammary vein) is the vein that drains the chest ... The internal thoracic vein drains the chest wall and the breasts. Knowledge on the course of internal thoracic vein and artery ...
It usually drains into the brachiocephalic vein. Alternatively, it drains into the superior intercostal vein, or the vertebral ... superior intercostal vein posterior intercostal vein azygos vein Instant Anatomy - Thorax - Vessels - Veins - Upper intercostal ... The supreme intercostal vein (highest intercostal vein) is a paired vein that drains the first intercostal space on its ... This vein does not have valves, this is an important point when it comes to spread of cancerous secondaries. Diagram showing ...
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It usually drains into the left brachiocephalic vein. It may also communicate with the accessory hemiazygos vein. As it passes ... The superior intercostal veins are two veins that drain the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th intercostal spaces, one vein for each side of the ... It flows into the azygos vein. The left superior intercostal vein drains the 2nd and 3rd posterior intercostal veins on the ... The right superior intercostal vein drains the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th posterior intercostal veins on the right side of the body. ...
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Axillary, subclavian and brachiocephalic vein obstruction. Surgery 1977; 82:816. Comerota, AJ; Katz, ML et al. Venous duplex ... Deep vein thrombosis: US assessment using vein compression. Radiology 1987;162:191. Cohan, RH; Leder, RA et al. Extravascular ... To strip or not to strip the long saphenous vein: a varicose veins trial. Br J Surg 1981;68:426-8. Nicolaides, AN; Zukowski, A ... Surgery for primary troncular varicose veins without stripping the saphenous vein: pre- and post-operative evaluationby duplex ...
The vein drains into the internal thoracic vein, or brachiocephalic vein. Moore, Keith L.; Dalley, Arthur F. (17 June 1999). ... pericardiacophrenic vein drain into?. v t e (Anatomy NAV infobox with use of other NAV parameters, Articles with TA98 ... Pericardiacophrenic veins are the vena comitans of the pericardiacophrenic arteries. Pericardiacophrenic vessels accompany the ... identifiers, Veins of the torso, All stub articles, Cardiovascular system stubs). ...
The anastomosis between the two anterior cardinal veins develops into the left brachiocephalic vein. Human embryo of about ... The anterior cardinal veins (precardinal veins) contribute to the formation of the internal jugular veins and together with the ... Posterior cardinal vein This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 520 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy ... common cardinal vein form the superior vena cava. ...
The veins of the thymus, the thymic veins, end in the left brachiocephalic vein, internal thoracic vein, and in the inferior ... The left brachiocephalic vein may even be embedded within the thymus. In the neck, it lies on the front and sides of the ... Lymphatic vessels travel only away from the thymus, accompanying the arteries and veins. These drain into the brachiocephalic, ... Sometimes the veins end directly in the superior vena cava. ...
The inferior thyroid veins originate in a network of veins and drain into the left and right brachiocephalic veins. Both ... The venous blood is drained via superior and middle thyroid veins, which drain to the internal jugular vein, and via the ... arteries and veins form a plexus between the two layers of the capsule of the thyroid gland. Lymphatic drainage frequently ...
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There are four variants: Supracardiac (50%): blood drains to one of the innominate veins (brachiocephalic veins) or the ... Normally, pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium where it can then be pumped to the rest of ... The four pulmonary veins are reconnected to the left atrium, and any associated heart defects such as atrial septal defect, ... of the pulmonary veins.[citation needed] It is less severe than total anomalous pulmonary venous connection which is a life- ...
Usually, a tear is in an arterial wall, but a vein wall tear has been documented. By separating a portion of the wall of the ... a rare puncture-related complication of brachiocephalic fistula. Gray-scale and color Doppler sonographic findings". J Clin ... Salgado OJ, Chacón RE, Alcalá A, Alvarez G (2005). "Vein wall dissection: ...
From this plexus, the left vein descends and joins the left brachiocephalic vein, and the right vein passes obliquely downward ... the inferior thyroid veins drain directly to the brachiocephalic veins. The inferior thyroid veins form a plexus in front of ... and inferior laryngeal veins, and are provided with valves at their terminations in the brachiocephalic veins. The arch of the ... and to the right across the brachiocephalic artery to open into the right brachiocephalic vein, just at its junction with the ...
The diaphragm drains blood into the brachiocephalic veins, azygos veins, and veins that drain into the inferior vena cava and ... Arteries and veins above and below the diaphragm supply and drain blood. From above, the diaphragm receives blood from branches ... left suprarenal vein. The sternal portion of the muscle is sometimes wanting and more rarely defects occur in the lateral part ...
A shallower groove in front of the artery and near the edge of the lung, lodges the left brachiocephalic vein. The esophagus ... and above this is a wide groove for the superior vena cava and right brachiocephalic vein; behind this, and close to the top of ... The lungs filter out small blood clots from veins and prevent them from entering arteries and causing strokes. The lungs also ... The majority of emboli arise because of deep vein thrombosis in the legs. Pulmonary emboli may be investigated using a ...
The internal jugular veins join with the subclavian veins more medially to form the brachiocephalic veins. Finally, the left ... The jugular veins are veins that take deoxygenated blood from the head back to the heart via the superior vena cava. The ... The external jugular vein runs superficially to sternocleidomastoid. There is also another minor jugular vein, the anterior ... There are two sets of jugular veins: external and internal. The left and right external jugular veins drain into the subclavian ...
... and the inferior thyroid vein drains into the brachiocephalic vein. Lymphatic vessels from the parathyroid glands drain into ... Each parathyroid vein drains into the superior, middle and inferior thyroid veins. The superior and middle thyroid veins drain ... "a small compact yellow glandular body attached to the thyroid at the point where the veins emerged". The glands were first ...
The brachiocephalic artery supplies blood to the right arm, head and neck. The left and right brachiocephalic veins merge to ... Brachiocephalic is not an alternate spelling but misspelling of brachycephalic, a grouping within the cephalic index describing ... This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Brachiocephalic. If an internal link led you here, you may ...
The thoracic duct drains lymph into the circulatory system at the left brachiocephalic vein between the left subclavian and ... A lymph duct is a great lymphatic vessel that empties lymph into one of the subclavian veins. There are two lymph ducts in the ... left internal jugular veins. Lymphatic system Right lymphatic duct Thoracic duct v t e (Lymphatic system, All stub articles, ...
... drains into the brachiocephalic vein or the vertebral vein. The 2nd and 3rd (and often 4th) posterior intercostal veins drain ... The posterior intercostal veins are veins that drain the intercostal spaces posteriorly. They run with their corresponding ... The remaining posterior intercostal veins drain into the azygos vein on the right, or the hemiazygos and accessory hemiazygos ... Their patterns are variable, but they are commonly arranged as: The 1st posterior intercostal vein, supreme intercostal vein, ...
Brachiocephalic artery (Innominate artery) Brachiocephalic vein (Innominate vein) This article incorporates text in the public ...
... this drains via the internal jugular veins. The rush of blood from these veins to the brachiocephalic vein can cause the vein ... Venous hum is a benign auscultatory phenomenon caused by the normal flow of blood through the jugular veins. At rest, 20% of ... The difference is easily detected by placing light pressure on the internal jugular vein when listening to the heart, which ... it has been suggested that the hum occurs when otherwise silent laminar flow through the internal jugular vein is disturbed by ...
... vein Oblique vein of left atrium Middle cardiac vein Small cardiac vein Pulmonary veins Superior vena cava Brachiocephalic vein ... veins Lumbar veins Ascending lumbar vein Hepatic veins Renal veins Left suprarenal vein Left ovarian vein Left testicular vein ... vein Popliteal vein Sural veins Anterior tibial veins Posterior tibial veins Fibular veins Hepatic portal vein Cystic vein Para ... veins Emissary veins Cerebral veins Superficial cerebral veins Internal cerebral veins Basal vein Great cerebral vein Veins of ...
The superior vena cava is formed by the left and right brachiocephalic veins, which receive blood from the upper limbs, head ... It is a large-diameter (24 mm) short length vein that receives venous return from the upper half of the body, above the ... Obstruction can lead to enlarged veins in the head and neck, and may also cause breathlessness, cough, chest pain, and ... As a result, the (right) atrial and (right) ventricular contractions are conducted up into the internal jugular vein and, ...
... thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct into the systemic venous system at the venous angle and into the brachiocephalic veins, ... Because of their thinner walls, veins are more frequently invaded than are arteries, and metastasis tends to follow the pattern ... For example, colorectal cancer spreads primarily through the portal vein to the liver. Some tumors, especially carcinomas may ...
... inferior thyroid veins, superior intercostal veins, the thymic veins and the pericardial veins The right brachiocephalic vein ... The left brachiocephalic vein is more than twice the length of the right brachiocephalic vein. These veins merge to form the ... The brachiocephalic veins are the major veins returning blood to the superior vena cava. The left brachiocephalic vein is about ... Right and left brachiocephalic vein The brachiocephalic veins, superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, azygos vein and their ...
... is a vein that returns oxygen-depleted blood from the upper limbs, neck, and head to the heart. There is a brachiocephalic vein ... The brachiocephalic vein, also known as an innominate vein, ... The brachiocephalic vein, also known as an innominate vein, is ... There is a brachiocephalic vein on the left side of the neck and one on the right. The brachiocephalic vein on the left side of ... The two brachiocephalic veins merge together with the azygous vein, which carries deoxygenated blood from the rib cage, to form ...
The indication of central vein cannulation in the patient was to deliver volume resuscitation, to provide emergency vein access ... Supraclavicular approach of central vein cannulation is an alternative approach to central vein cannulation due to fewer ... This case study presents an ultrasound guided central vein cannulation using supraclavicular approach in 30 year old male ... to provide nutritional support, to deliver chemically caustic agents, and central vein pressure monitoring. ...
... into the brachiocephalic vein in very small infants. These catheters also enable haemodynamic monitoring, blood sampling, and ... Retrospective evaluation of 599 brachiocephalic vein cannulations in neonates and preterm infants. ... cannulation of the brachiocephalic vein in neonates weighing ,3.5 kg and the implications of increasing experience with this ... into the brachiocephalic vein in very small infants. These catheters also enable haemodynamic monitoring, blood sampling, and ...
... the subclavian vein; the brachiocephalic vein; and the superior vena cava-an area poorly visualized on ultrasonography. ... CT scan in a patient with non-Hodgkin lymphoma shows a soft tissue mass surrounding a hyperintense right brachiocephalic vein. ... CT scan in a patient with non-Hodgkin lymphoma shows a soft tissue mass surrounding a hyperintense right brachiocephalic vein. ... Contrast-enhanced venogram shows circumferential narrowing of the right brachiocephalic vein in a patient with non-Hodgkin ...
Veins-pulmonary, superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, brachiocephalic, subclavian, axillary, internal jugular, external ... Arteries-brachiocephalic (innominate), common carotid, subclavian, axillary, vertebral, internal mammary, intercostal * ...
A= left internal jugular vein, B= left subclavian vein, C= left brachiocephalic vein, Up arrow= the tip of central venous ... Mediastinal malposition of a catheter enhanced by an unusual stenosis of the left brachiocephalic vein due to a former long- ... Therefore, two dilations of the brachiocephalic vein were possible allowing the placement of a new left jugular catheter. ... Keywords: catheter in mediastinal malposition, venous perforation, brachiocephalic vein stenosis, haem mediastinum. ...
In addition, our patient had an anomalous subaortic left brachiocephalic vein that, to our knowledge, was not previously ... Left-sided cervical aortic arch associated with pseudocoarctation, aneurysm formation, and anomalous left brachiocephalic vein ... Left-sided cervical aortic arch associated with pseudocoarctation, aneurysm formation, and anomalous left brachiocephalic vein ...
Brachiocephalic veins, right and left. *. Inferior vena cava. *. Interventricular septum: membranous part ...
... serial blood samples are collected from the brachiocephalic vein, and from other peripheral locations (fluke veins, peduncle, ... Table 2. Oxygen saturation of blood samples collected from brachiocephalic vein, peripheral vessels (fluke, dorsal fin, and ... is placed in the brachiocephalic vein using a percutaneous, ultrasound-guided, through the needle technique. We use a ... New Hyde Park, NY) to access the vein. After catheter placement is complete and patency is well established, the animal is ...
The left subclavian vein allows blood to travel along the brachiocephalic vein back to the heart. ...
... jugular vein refluxing to the external jugular vein with additional refluxing to the brachiocephalic and right subclavian vein ... portal vein, renal vein, and common femoral vein [2]. Doty, et al, have reported on their experience of SVC bypass using the ... Inspection revealed a left brachiocephalic vein that was completely obliterated and non-functioning. The SVC was normal at its ... The vein graft was left on the end of the cannulae and using a parachute technique an end-to-end anastomosis was first created ...
Meaning of internal jugular vein. What does internal jugular vein mean? Information and translations of internal jugular vein ... Definition of internal jugular vein in the Definitions.net dictionary. ... it unites with the subclavian vein to form the brachiocephalic vein (innominate vein); a little above its termination is a ... What does internal jugular vein mean?. Definitions for internal jugular vein. in·ter·nal jugu·lar vein. This dictionary ...
The apical axillary nodes drain into the thoracic duct on the left or directly into the brachiocephalic vein on the right. ... The upper intercostal nodes and right apical axillary nodes drain directly into the right brachiocephalic vein via the right ... and lymphatic drainage from the right side of the head and neck drain directly into the right brachiocephalic vein via the ... a group of nodes positioned at the internal jugular anterior brachiocephalic veins) and subsequently into the thoracic duct on ...
Central thoracic venogram showed total occlusion on the left brachiocephalic vein with retrograde reflux to the jugular vein. ... An endovascular percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty was performed for the left brachiocephalic vein stenosis, which ... Central vein stenosis: a rare cause of orbital congestion in a haemodialysis patient ... Central vein stenosis: a rare cause of orbital congestion in a haemodialysis patient ...
Prenatal Diagnosis of Fetal Retroesophageal Left Brachiocephalic Vein With HDlive-Flow Render Mode and Spatiotemporal Image ... Box Isolation of the Confluence of 3 Pulmonary Veins, a Rare Variant of the Common Pulmonary Vein ...
... the brachiocephalic veins, the left upper lobe, and the chest wall. Serum β-D-glucan was positive (306 pg/mL). A first ...
... left brachiocephalic vein (empty arrow) and superior vena cava (long arrow), as well as enlarged mediastinal collateral veins. ... A coronal contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan of the chest showed extensive thrombus in the right brachiocephalic vein ( ... head and neck vein distention, as well as (B) his superficial chest wall collateral veins. ... 3 A thrombosis that occludes the vein is referred to as deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Central venous catheters predispose ...
... brachiocephalic vein, superior vena cava, phrenic nerve, chest wall, or extrapericardial pulmonary artery or veins. ... brachiocephalic vein, superior vena cava, phrenic nerve, chest wall, or extrapericardial pulmonary artery or veins. ... T3: Denote as direct invasion of the brachiocephalic vein, superior vena cava, chest wall, or extrapericardial pulmonary ...
In all the cases, the cephalic vein opened into the external jugular vein. Also, in all of the examined specimens, there was an ... The main aim of the study was a detailed examination of the location of venous valves and perforating veins in forelimb of ... In the Anubis baboon, we observed the absence of the basilic vein. The main vessel within the forelimb, in the superficial ... The number of venous valves within the cephalic vein was greater on the forearm the same as the mean intervalvular distance. ...
How To Do Infraclavicular Subclavian Vein Cannulation, Ultrasound-Guided - Etiology, pathophysiology, symptoms, signs, ... proximal continuation of the axillary vein and extends medially from the lateral edge of the first rib to the brachiocephalic ( ... Cannulate a central vein at a site of optimal short-axis imaging (ie, large-diameter cross section of the vein, with no ... A femoral line How To Do Femoral Vein Cannulation Percutaneous cannulation of the femoral vein uses anatomic landmarks to guide ...
Structure of brachiocephalic vein. true. Inferred relationship. Some. 1. Retroaortic brachiocephalic vein (disorder). ... Congenital abnormality of vein\Congenital abnormality of systemic vein (disorder)\Retroaortic brachiocephalic vein (disorder) ... Congenital abnormality of vein\Congenital abnormality of systemic vein (disorder)\Retroaortic brachiocephalic vein (disorder) ... Congenital abnormality of vein\Congenital abnormality of systemic vein (disorder)\Retroaortic brachiocephalic vein (disorder) ...
... and left brachiocephalic veins. Extensive collateral pathways were visible in the right chest wall and neck, which shunted the ... and vertebral veins. In our case, collateral pathways over the chest wall and upper abdomen were evident, indicating ... which shunt mostly into the left main branch of the portal vein and result in visualization of the left hepatic lobe. The ... involvement of the azygous system (2). These pathways drain through either the umbilical or the paraumbilical veins, ...
coronary veins * cardiac veins which drain into the coronary sinus *great cardiac vein ... The brachiocephalic trunk (BCT) (also known as the brachiocephalic artery, and previously as the innominate artery) is the ... The brachiocephalic trunk is the first and rightmost of the three main branches of the aortic arch. It measures 4-5 cm in ... high-riding brachiocephalic artery. See also variant anatomy of the aortic arch for a more general discussion of such variants. ...
direct invasion of lung, brachiocephalic vein, superior vena cava, chest wall, phrenic nerve, and/or hilar (extrapericardial) ...
Brachiocephalic vein confluence stenosis treated by two Wallstents using "Y" technique. Maciej Wandzilak, Wojciech Bodzoń, [... ... Brachiocephalic vein confluence stenosis treated by two Wallstents using "Y" technique. Maciej Wandzilak, Wojciech Bodzoń, ... Seasonal variation in the occurrence of deep vein thrombosis Massimo Gallerani, Benedetta Boari, [...] Damiana De Toma, ... Seasonal variation in the occurrence of deep vein thrombosis Massimo Gallerani, Benedetta Boari, Damiana De Toma, Raffaella ...
Arch of the azygos vein. * Brachiocephalic veins. * Hemiazygos vein. * Trachea. Reveal Answer ... Posterior interventricular artery and the great cardiac vein. *Anterior interventricular vein and the circumflex coronary ... is the one most likely to be occluded and the vein that runs alongside it is the great cardiac vein. Lecture #42 Heart II. ... Aorta → Brachiocephalic trunk → Right Subclavian artery → Right superior thoracic artery → Anterior intercostal arteries ...
Brachiocephalic vein confluence stenosis treated by two Wallstents using "Y" technique. Maciej Wandzilak, Wojciech Bodzoń, [... ... Brachiocephalic vein confluence stenosis treated by two Wallstents using "Y" technique. Maciej Wandzilak, Wojciech Bodzoń, ...
  • The left and right brachiocephalic veins (previously called innominate veins) are major veins in the upper chest, formed by the union of the ipsilateral internal jugular vein and subclavian vein (the so-called venous angle) behind the sternoclavicular joint. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ultrasound guidance permits the placement of relatively large bore central venous catheters (2-4 French) into the brachiocephalic vein in very small infants. (neonat.org)
  • With central venous catheterization, upper extremity and brachiocephalic venous thrombosis has become a more common problem. (medscape.com)
  • We are reporting the case of a mediastinal malposition of a hemodialysis catheter with perforation of the left proximal brachiocephalic vein caused by a downstream venous obstruction. (acquaintpublications.com)
  • For central venous pressure monitoring, venous blood collection, and intravenous fluid and drug administration, a 5-French, 60 cm, polyurethane catheter (Instech Laboratories, Plymouth Meeting, PA) is placed in the brachiocephalic vein using a percutaneous, ultrasound-guided, through the needle technique. (vin.com)
  • Using a standard 2-stage venous cannulae, a spiral vein graft was constructed using running 7-0 prolene suture, exchanging suture with each completed turn (Figures 5 and 6) . (ctsnet.org)
  • The technique is widely versatile and has been used to replace a number of venous passages of varying sizes including the internal jugular vein, portal vein, renal vein, and common femoral vein [2]. (ctsnet.org)
  • An endovascular percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty was performed for the left brachiocephalic vein stenosis, which resolved the orbital, facial and neck venous congestion. (bmj.com)
  • The superficial veins of the forelimb show high variability, both in man and in other primates, regarding the number of main venous trunks, their course, as well as the origin and location of openings. (hindawi.com)
  • The main aim of the study was a detailed examination of the location of venous valves and perforating veins in forelimb of Anubis baboon. (hindawi.com)
  • The main vessel within the forelimb, in the superficial venous system, was a well-developed cephalic vein. (hindawi.com)
  • The number of venous valves within the cephalic vein was greater on the forearm the same as the mean intervalvular distance. (hindawi.com)
  • The system of superficial veins of the primates' forelimb (thoracic or upper limb) shows two basic types of arrangements dependent on the number of main venous channels present in the superficial venous network. (hindawi.com)
  • Typically, in humans and orangutans, two major venous blood vessels, i.e., the cephalic and basilic vein respectively, are observed on the lateral and medial side of the upper limb [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • However, in the case of other primates, there is a single main venous trunk within the upper limb, homologous to the cephalic vein, defined by some authors as the lateral vein. (hindawi.com)
  • Detailed knowledge on the role of perforating veins and various limb venous valves has increased significantly over the past few decades. (hindawi.com)
  • In relation to humans, research in this area is focused to a large extent on clinical issues: etiology and surgical treatment of lower extremity varicose veins, role of veins in the design of flaps based on their vascularization, upper limb replantations in reconstructive surgery, and venous grafting [ 6 , 8 - 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In the field of comparative anatomy of the forelimb veins of primates, in addition to the general anatomical descriptions, we found only a few studies on the distribution of perforating veins and venous valves in the upper limbs [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • While analyzing data from the literature, we drew attention to the fact that in the field of research on the venous system of the limbs, the data mostly concerns the veins of lower limbs of humans. (hindawi.com)
  • It is a model representing the upper limb venous pattern characterized by the presence of a single main stem-the cephalic vein [ 15 , 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Ultrasound-guided cannulation of the subclavian vein uses real-time (dynamic) ultrasound to guide venipuncture and a guidewire (Seldinger technique) to thread a central venous catheter through the subclavian vein and into the superior vena cava. (merckmanuals.com)
  • How To Do Infraclavicular Subclavian Vein Cannulation Percutaneous cannulation of the subclavian vein uses anatomic landmarks to guide venipuncture and a Seldinger technique to thread a central venous catheter through the subclavian vein and into. (merckmanuals.com)
  • The subclavian vein may be less preferred for stiff catheters (because of difficulty achieving the sharp turn into the superior van cava) or large-bore hemodialysis catheters (which can cause venous stenosis that renders the ipsilateral arm unsuitable for arteriovenous shunt placement). (merckmanuals.com)
  • Skin breakdown or ulceration caused by VARICOSE VEINS in which there is too much hydrostatic pressure in the superficial venous system of the leg. (lookformedical.com)
  • learners can practice performing full venous catheterization using ultrasound-guided or blind/landmark insertion approaches at the subclavian, supraclavicular, and internal jugular vein sites. (sandor.co.in)
  • redirection of venous flow to the vertebral veins (VVs) occurs in the upright position, with compliant reduction of the CSA of the IJV. (bmj.com)
  • In addition the left vein receives drainage from the following tributaries: The left vertebral vein, internal thoracic vein, inferior thyroid veins, superior intercostal veins, the thymic veins and the pericardial veins The right brachiocephalic vein is about 2.5cm long. (wikipedia.org)
  • Right and left brachiocephalic vein The brachiocephalic veins, superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, azygos vein and their tributaries. (wikipedia.org)
  • These pathways in superior vena cava obstruction have been well described ( 2 - 5 ) and include the azygous and hemiazygous, superior and inferior intercostal, internal mammary, lateral thoracic, epigastric, and vertebral veins. (snmjournals.org)
  • the inferior mesenteric vein empties into the splenic vein, the superior mesenteric vein joins the splenic vein to form the portal vein. (lookformedical.com)
  • A vein on either side of the body which is formed by the union of the external and internal iliac veins and passes upward to join with its fellow of the opposite side to form the inferior vena cava. (lookformedical.com)
  • Codes are assigned for CVC when the entry site is the jugular, subclavian, femoral vein, or inferior vena cava and for a PICC when the entry site is the basilic, cephalic, or saphenous vein. (aceanesthesiapain.com)
  • Hip bone (Innominate bone) Brachiocephalic artery (Innominate artery) Moore, Keith L. (2018). (wikipedia.org)
  • Variations in the anatomical relationship between the common carotid artery and the internal jugular vein. (asianinstituteofresearch.org)
  • This vein runs in the carotid sheath with the common carotid artery and vagus nerve. (definitions.net)
  • Lower down, the vein and artery lie upon the same plane, the glossopharyngeal and hypoglossal nerves passing forward between them. (definitions.net)
  • The vagus nerve descends between and behind the vein and the artery in the same sheath (the carotid sheath), and the accessory runs obliquely backward, superficial or deep to the vein. (definitions.net)
  • At the root of the neck, the right internal jugular vein is a little distance from the common carotid artery, and crosses the first part of the subclavian artery, while the left internal jugular vein usually overlaps the common carotid artery. (definitions.net)
  • The brachiocephalic trunk ( BCT ) (also known as the brachiocephalic artery , and previously as the innominate artery ) is the first branch of the aortic arch and supplies the head, neck and right arm. (radiopaedia.org)
  • The brachiocephalic artery originates from incorporation by the right fourth aortic arch and persistence of a proximal additional part of the right fourth innominate artery, leading to elongation of the artery 2 . (radiopaedia.org)
  • Like a street that changes name as it passes through an intersection, an artery or vein can change names as it passes an anatomical landmark. (cuny.edu)
  • Compression of the left common ILIAC VEIN by the right common ILIAC ARTERY against the underlying fifth LUMBAR VERTEBRA is the typical underlying malformation. (lookformedical.com)
  • Featured - the coronary arteries, circumflex artery, coronary veins and coronary sinus, segments of the esophagus and trachea, lower portion of the pericardium, diaphragm section, flexible tricuspid valve, pulmonary valve, mitral valve and aortic valve. (denoyer.com)
  • This case study presents an ultrasound guided central vein cannulation using supraclavicular approach in 30 year old male patient diagnosed with septic shock, anemia, trombcytopenia, and electrolyte imbalance post laparotomy. (asianinstituteofresearch.org)
  • This narrative review describes the main applications of de la ultrasonografía en ultrasound in anesthesia, ultrasound-guided techniques, and current trends in the perioperative anesthetic management of anestesia the surgical patient. (bvsalud.org)
  • Varicose veins are enlarged, twisted veins that are most commonly found in the legs. (lavascular.com)
  • These veins merge to form the superior vena cava, a great vessel, posterior to the junction of the first costal cartilage with the manubrium of the sternum. (wikipedia.org)
  • The brachiocephalic veins are the major veins returning blood to the superior vena cava. (wikipedia.org)
  • The two brachiocephalic veins merge together with the azygous vein , which carries deoxygenated blood from the rib cage, to form the superior vena cava . (healthline.com)
  • A thrombus has propagated peripherally from the tip of the catheter in the superior vena cava into both subclavian veins. (medscape.com)
  • An MRA was obtained which demonstrated complete obstruction of the superior vena cava below the brachiocephalic junction (Figure 1) . (ctsnet.org)
  • Prophylactic approaches to catheter-associated thrombosis are not recommended, and the use of superior vena cava filters in deep vein thrombosis of the upper extremities should be avoided. (cmaj.ca)
  • The nearly occlusive thrombus in the superior vena cava extended into the right subclavian, right internal jugular, and left brachiocephalic veins. (snmjournals.org)
  • A short thick vein formed by union of the superior mesenteric vein and the splenic vein. (lookformedical.com)
  • The contrast material in the superior vena cava (SVC) and brachiocephalic veins is diluted due to recirculation, and no longer causes streak artifacts. (siemens-healthineers.com)
  • During the stent deployment, an intraoperative venogram demonstrated normal internal jugular vein refluxing to the external jugular vein with additional refluxing to the brachiocephalic and right subclavian vein, which were both noted to be highly diseased. (ctsnet.org)
  • In all the cases, the cephalic vein opened into the external jugular vein. (hindawi.com)
  • Also, in all of the examined specimens, there was an additional anastomosis connecting the cephalic and external jugular vein, i.e., persistent jugulocephalic vein located anterior to the clavicle. (hindawi.com)
  • Hamdi K, Khelifa H, Foidart P, Bulpa P, Ali D, Michaux I (2021) Mediastinal malposition of a catheter enhanced by an unusual stenosis of the left brachiocephalic vein due to a former long-term haemodialysis catheter: A Case report. (acquaintpublications.com)
  • It receives the following tributaries: The right vertebral vein, the internal thoracic vein, and the thyroid veins, and occasionally from the first right posterior intercostal veins. (wikipedia.org)
  • All lymphatic drainage from region V and region IV on the internal jugular chain collect into the jugular trunk (ie, a group of nodes positioned at the internal jugular anterior brachiocephalic veins) and subsequently into the thoracic duct on the left or directly into the brachiocephalic vein on the right. (medscape.com)
  • Central thoracic venogram showed total occlusion on the left brachiocephalic vein with retrograde reflux to the jugular vein. (bmj.com)
  • The right vein is formed by the confluence of the right subclavian vein and the right internal jugular vein. (wikipedia.org)
  • The SVC was normal at its junction with the right atrium, but at approximately mid level it was noted to be scarred and atretic to the level of the right internal jugular and right subclavian veins (Figures 2 and 3) . (ctsnet.org)
  • The vein graft was left on the end of the cannulae and using a parachute technique an end-to-end anastomosis was first created in the distal SVC at the confluence of the right internal jugular and subclavian veins. (ctsnet.org)
  • A computed tomography (CT) chest scan with contrast showed no pulmonary embolism and confirmed thrombus within the lumen of the right internal jugular vein. (cmaj.ca)
  • The left brachiocephalic vein forms from the anastomosis formed between the left and right anterior cardinal veins when the caudal portion of the left anterior cardinal vein degenerates. (wikipedia.org)
  • This vein also has a common trunk into which drains the anterior branch of the retromandibular vein, the facial vein, and the lingual vein. (definitions.net)
  • Supraclavicular subclavian vein catheterization: Modified landmarks for needle insertion. (asianinstituteofresearch.org)
  • Supraclavicular Approach Is an Easy and Safe Method of Subclavian Vein Catheterization Even in Mechanically Ventilated Patients. (asianinstituteofresearch.org)
  • The catheterization of a central vein is a routine invasive procedure in medicine. (acquaintpublications.com)
  • Since its introduction in clinical practice in 1945, catheterization of a central vein has become a routine invasive procedure, especially in acute medicine, but not without risk. (acquaintpublications.com)
  • Peripheral Vein Catheterization A number of procedures are used to gain vascular access. (merckmanuals.com)
  • [ 1 ] Upper extremity DVT should be considered in patients with isolated unilateral upper limb swelling and primarily involves the brachial, axillary, and subclavian veins. (medscape.com)
  • Veins in the neck which drain the brain, face, and neck into the brachiocephalic or subclavian veins. (lookformedical.com)
  • This image follows a 16-hour catheter-directed thrombolytic infusion of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) into the left axillo-subclavian vein. (medscape.com)
  • That obstruction was revealed on the chest CT scan by an opacity along the left innominate vein suggesting the calcification of either a catheter cast or a thrombus due to a former long-term subclavian hemodialysis catheter removed a few days earlier. (acquaintpublications.com)
  • In 70%, sPLSVC was identified by catheter manipulation and contrast injection in the left brachiocephalic vein, and in 30% by levophase CS venography. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The proximal anastomosis was constructed below the level of the obstruction at the entry area of the azygous vein. (ctsnet.org)
  • Using ultrasound guidance to approach the subclavian vein infraclavicularly requires that the axillary vein (distal continuance of the subclavian vein) is imaged and cannulated because the clavicle blocks ultrasound imaging of the proximal vein. (merckmanuals.com)
  • and is formed by the confluence of the left subclavian and left internal jugular veins. (wikipedia.org)
  • The need of central vein cannulation has been increased since the increased case of critical patients and patients underwent high-risk patients. (asianinstituteofresearch.org)
  • Supraclavicular approach of central vein cannulation is an alternative approach to central vein cannulation due to fewer anatomical variance, good longitudinal vein view, better visualization of needle during procedure, clear demarcation of landmarks, larger target area, better patient comfort, and fewer complications. (asianinstituteofresearch.org)
  • The indication of central vein cannulation in the patient was to deliver volume resuscitation, to provide emergency vein access, to provide nutritional support, to deliver chemically caustic agents, and central vein pressure monitoring. (asianinstituteofresearch.org)
  • or a left subclavian vein cannulation typically is preferred. (merckmanuals.com)
  • This contrast-enhanced study was obtained through a Mediport placed through the chest wall through the internal jugular vein to facilitate chemotherapy. (medscape.com)
  • There were also significant collaterals through the intercostals and internal mammary veins, but no evidence of intrathoracic mass, adenopathy, or evidence of vein thrombosis. (ctsnet.org)
  • What does internal jugular vein mean? (definitions.net)
  • This dictionary definitions page includes all the possible meanings, example usage and translations of the word internal jugular vein . (definitions.net)
  • The internal jugular vein is a paired jugular vein that collects blood from the brain and the superficial parts of the face and neck. (definitions.net)
  • The internal jugular vein is a major blood vessel in the neck that drains blood from the brain, face, and neck, returning it to the heart. (definitions.net)
  • Internal jugular vein is a paired vein collecting the blood from the brain, the superficial parts of the face, and the neck. (definitions.net)
  • An internal jugular vein is a type of jugular vein. (definitions.net)
  • How to pronounce internal jugular vein? (definitions.net)
  • How to say internal jugular vein in sign language? (definitions.net)
  • Although sometimes described as such, the brachiocephalic trunk is not one of the great vessels . (radiopaedia.org)
  • The brachiocephalic trunk is the first and rightmost of the three main branches of the aortic arch . (radiopaedia.org)
  • The brachiocephalic vein , also known as an innominate vein , is a vein that returns oxygen-depleted blood from the upper limbs, neck, and head to the heart. (healthline.com)
  • These pathways drain through either the umbilical or the paraumbilical veins, which shunt mostly into the left main branch of the portal vein and result in visualization of the left hepatic lobe. (snmjournals.org)
  • Throughout the procedure, serial blood samples are collected from the brachiocephalic vein, and from other peripheral locations (fluke veins, peduncle, dorsal fin, and hemal arch) for comparison of blood gas data. (vin.com)
  • There is a brachiocephalic vein on the left side of the neck and one on the right. (healthline.com)
  • The brachiocephalic vein on the left side of the neck is approximately 6 to 8 cm in length, while the brachiocephalic vein on the right is approximately two centimeters long. (healthline.com)
  • Abnormalities in the neck, such as compression of the trachea (windpipe) by the brachiocephalic vein on either or both sides of the neck, have been associated with apnea in infants. (healthline.com)
  • He had marked cyanosis, facial and neck plethora, distended neck veins and engorged superficial chest wall vessels ( Figure 1 ). (cmaj.ca)
  • Quick Take: Symptoms: facial/neck edema, Jugular vein distention (JVD), headache. (lavascular.com)
  • Gross obesity: Because the axillary vein lies deep and the brachial plexus is nearby, cannulate the axillary vein only in thin patients. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Iliac vein. (lookformedical.com)
  • it is a continuation of the popliteal vein and becomes the external iliac vein. (lookformedical.com)
  • A compression of ILIAC VEIN that results in a decreased flow in the vein and in the left LOWER EXTREMITY due to a vascular malformation. (lookformedical.com)
  • Moreover, some superficial veins, such as the great saphenous vein in the femoral region, have no arterial counterpart. (cuny.edu)
  • As you learn about the vessels of the systemic and pulmonary circuits, notice that many arteries and veins share the same names, parallel one another throughout the body, and are very similar on the right and left sides of the body. (cuny.edu)
  • For example, you will find a pair of femoral arteries and a pair of femoral veins, with one vessel on each side of the body. (cuny.edu)
  • Anastomoses are especially common in veins, where they help maintain blood flow even when one vessel is blocked or narrowed, although there are some important ones in the arteries supplying the brain. (cuny.edu)
  • However, we will attempt to discuss the major pathways for blood and acquaint you with the major named arteries and veins in the body. (cuny.edu)
  • Neoplasms located in the vasculature system, such as ARTERIES and VEINS. (lookformedical.com)
  • This image demonstrates thrombus in the left subclavian and axillary veins. (medscape.com)
  • An ultrasonogram of the upper extremities showed extensive thrombus in the right jugular vein, with minimal residual flow seen on colour Doppler ultrasonography. (cmaj.ca)
  • The formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) within a vein. (lookformedical.com)
  • Radiographic visualization or recording of a vein after the injection of contrast medium. (lookformedical.com)
  • e inicie sesión mediante el formulario que se encuentra en la barra lateral derecha de la web de la sociedad. (archbronconeumol.org)
  • Simultaneously the left saphenous vein, from inguinal canal to the ankle, was harvested endoscopically (Figure 4) . (ctsnet.org)
  • Chiu and colleagues ingeniously devised the new method by harvesting autologous saphenous vein, opening the vessel longitudinally, wrapping it in spiral fashion around a temporary tubular stent such as a chest tube, and then running a monofilament suture to construct the tube graft. (ctsnet.org)
  • Cannulating the axillary vein may be difficult to do with or without ultrasound guidance, and ultrasound guidance, if available, is mandatory. (merckmanuals.com)
  • What is a Varicocele Varicoceles are a disease of the veins which drain the testicles resulting in swelling of the veins. (lavascular.com)
  • In the Anubis baboon, we observed the absence of the basilic vein. (hindawi.com)