Bovine respiratory disease complex. Medical search

A multifactorial disease of CATTLE resulting from complex interactions between environmental factors, host factors, and pathogens. The environmental factors act as stressors adversely affecting the IMMUNE SYSTEM and other host defenses and enhancing transmission of infecting agents.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria normally commensal in the flora of CATTLE and SHEEP. But under conditions of physical or PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS, it can cause MASTITIS in sheep and SHIPPING FEVER or ENZOOTIC CALF PNEUMONIA in cattle. Its former name was Pasteurella haemolytica.

A species of gram-negative bacteria that causes MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIA OF SWINE. The organism damages the CILIA in the airways of the pig, and thus compromises one of the most effective mechanical barriers against invading pathogens. The resulting weakening of the IMMUNE SYSTEM can encourage secondary infections, leading to porcine respiratory disease complex.

A sulfanilamide that is used as an anti-infective agent.

A chronic, clinically mild, infectious pneumonia of PIGS caused by MYCOPLASMA HYOPNEUMONIAE. Ninety percent of swine herds worldwide are infected with this economically costly disease that primarily affects animals aged two to six months old. The disease can be associated with porcine respiratory disease complex. PASTEURELLA MULTOCIDA is often found as a secondary infection.

Infections with bacteria of the family PASTEURELLACEAE.

Diseases of domestic cattle of the genus Bos. It includes diseases of cows, yaks, and zebus.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

A species of gram-negative bacteria causing MASTITIS; ARTHRITIS; and RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASES in CATTLE.

Chronic endemic respiratory disease of dairy calves and an important component of bovine respiratory disease complex. It primarily affects calves up to six months of age and the etiology is multifactorial. Stress plus a primary viral infection is followed by a secondary bacterial infection. The latter is most commonly associated with PASTEURELLA MULTOCIDA producing a purulent BRONCHOPNEUMONIA. Sometimes present are MANNHEIMIA HAEMOLYTICA; HAEMOPHILUS SOMNUS and mycoplasma species.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria normally found in the flora of the mouth and respiratory tract of animals and birds. It causes shipping fever (see PASTEURELLOSIS, PNEUMONIC); HEMORRHAGIC BACTEREMIA; and intestinal disease in animals. In humans, disease usually arises from a wound infection following a bite or scratch from domesticated animals.

A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a systemic insecticide, an acaricide, and nematocide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

Macrolide antibiotic obtained from cultures of Streptomyces fradiae. The drug is effective against many microorganisms in animals but not in humans.

A methylsulfonyl analog of CHLORAMPHENICOL. It is an antibiotic and immunosuppressive agent.

The reduction or regulation of the population of noxious, destructive, or dangerous plants, insects, or other animals. This includes control of plants that serve as habitats or food sources for animal pests.

Infections with bacteria of the genus PASTEURELLA.

A species of RESPIROVIRUS, subfamily PARAMYXOVIRINAE, most often seen in conjunction with a secondary infection of MANNHEIMIA HAEMOLYTICA resulting in pneumonic pasteurellosis (PASTEURELLOSIS, PNEUMONIC).

A species of CORONAVIRUS infecting neonatal calves, presenting as acute diarrhea, and frequently leading to death.

A species of PNEUMOVIRUS causing an important respiratory infection in cattle. Symptoms include fever, conjunctivitis, and respiratory distress.

Permanent deprivation of breast milk and commencement of nourishment with other food. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Observation and acquisition of physical data from a distance by viewing and making measurements from a distance or receiving transmitted data from observations made at distant location.

Foodstuff used especially for domestic and laboratory animals, or livestock.

A large family of narrow-leaved herbaceous grasses of the order Cyperales, subclass Commelinidae, class Liliopsida (monocotyledons). Food grains (EDIBLE GRAIN) come from members of this family. RHINITIS, ALLERGIC, SEASONAL can be induced by POLLEN of many of the grasses.

Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.

Nutritional physiology of animals.

A process involving chance used in therapeutic trials or other research endeavor for allocating experimental subjects, human or animal, between treatment and control groups, or among treatment groups. It may also apply to experiments on inanimate objects.

The science of breeding, feeding and care of domestic animals; includes housing and nutrition.

A disease of the horny parts and of the adjacent soft structures of the feet of cattle, swine, and sheep. It is usually caused by Corynebacterium pyogenes or Bacteroides nodosus (see DICHELOBACTER NODOSUS). It is also known as interdigital necrobacillosis. (From Black's Veterinary Dictionary, 18th ed)

The group in which legal authority is vested for the control of health-related institutions and organizations.

The faculty of expressing the amusing, clever, or comical or the keen perception and cleverly apt expression of connections between ideas that awaken amusement and pleasure. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

Examination of the mouth and teeth toward the identification and diagnosis of intraoral disease or manifestation of non-oral conditions.

Images used to comment on such things as contemporary events, social habits, or political trends; usually executed in a broad or abbreviated manner.

The distal extremity of the leg in vertebrates, consisting of the tarsus (ANKLE); METATARSUS; phalanges; and the soft tissues surrounding these bones.

Javelin diagrams: applications in veterinary medical decision analysis. (1/41)

This paper introduces javelin diagrams as an innovative way for depicting the results of medical decision analyses. The methods were used to determine whether, and at which values, blood lactate in Belgian White and Blue or maximum tidal volumes in Holstein calves should be measured before deciding to treat or not a calf suffering from the bovine respiratory disease complex. The different alternatives depended upon the probabilities of survival with and without treatment and upon the costs associated with a possible death, the test and the treatment. The chosen alternative was the one with the lowest expected costs. From data collected on the treated calves, the expected costs of measuring lactate (198.01 euro) and tidal volumes (27.38 euro) before deciding to treat or not were lower than the expected costs of directly treating sick Belgian Blue (215.39 euro) and Holstein (51.55 euro) calves, respectively. The treatment should be applied to sick Belgian Blue calves with blood lactate < or = 7.8 mmol/L and to Holstein calves with a maximum tidal volume > or = 1.81 L. At such test values, the treatment expected costs were lower than the expected costs associated with no treatment of calves with other test values. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses showing benefits in treating animals with a positive test (over not treating the animals with a negative test) were mostly invariant to changes in any cost value but were sensitive to uncertainties in probabilities of survival with or without treatment. The javelin diagrams provided a clear visual indication of such results. They depicted how and by how much the benefits were affected by uncertainties in probabilities, they proposed different information values associated with the chosen alternative, and identified directions for further research. (+info)

Influence of breed, heterozygosity, and disease incidence on estimates of variance components of respiratory disease in preweaned beef calves. (2/41)

The objective of this study was to characterize genetic and environmental factors influencing bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in beef cattle. Records from nine purebred and three composite breeds and a variety of F1 and three-way crosses, including the progeny of 12 additional different sire breeds produced over a 20-yr period (1983 to 2002), were evaluated for breed and heterozygosity effects on the observed incidence of BRD. Heterozygosity fractions for calves and dams were defined by generalized breed origins: British, Continental, and tropically adapted. Variance components were estimated for each pure and composite breed, and across all breeds and crossbreeds. The effect of incidence of observed BRD was determined by comparing groups of low and high years of incidence. Respiratory disease in this herd followed a standard epidemiological pattern of initial introduction, reaching an epidemic stage at 70 to 170 d of age, followed by a period of rapid decrease to weaning. Estimates of heritability of incidence of BRD were low, ranging from 0.00 to 0.26, with overall estimates of 0.07 and 0.19 depending on the data set analyzed. The highest incidence of BRD in preweaned calves occurred in the Braunvieh breed (18.8%). The genetic correlation between the direct and maternal genetic effects was generally large and negative, suggesting dams genetically superior for resisting BRD raise calves that are more susceptible. Perhaps maternally superior dams provide passive immunity to their calves, which delays the development of the calves' direct immune system, making them more prone to BRD during the preweaning period. Heterozygosity of calves decreased the incidence of BRD compared with purebred cattle. Calves that were Continental x British or tropically adapted x British breeds had a lower incidence of BRD than did calves of British x British breeds. As the annual incidence of BRD increased, there was an associated increase in the heritability estimate. The estimated heritability based on an underlying continuous scale was large (h2 = 0.48), inferring response to selection for BRD resistance could be large if the phenotype for BRD resistance was known. (+info)

Diseases and pathogens associated with mortality in Ontario beef feedlots. (3/41)

This study determined the prevalence of diseases and pathogens associated with mortality or severe morbidity in 72 Ontario beef feedlots in calves that died or were euthanized within 60 days after arrival. Routine pathologic and microbiologic investigations, as well as immunohistochemical staining for detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) antigen, were performed on 99 calves that died or were euthanized within 60 days after arrival. Major disease conditions identified included fibrinosuppurative bronchopneumonia (49%), caseonecrotic bronchopneumonia or arthritis (or both) caused by Mycoplasma bovis (36%), viral respiratory disease (19%), BVDV-related diseases (21%), Histophilus somni myocarditis (8%), ruminal bloat (2%), and miscellaneous diseases (8%). Viral infections identified were BVDV (35%), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (9%), bovine herpesvirus-1 (6%), parainfluenza-3 virus (3%), and bovine coronavirus (2%). Bacteria isolated from the lungs included M. bovis (82%), Mycoplasma arginini (72%), Ureaplasma diversum (25%), Mannheimia haemolytica (27%), Pasteurella multocida (19%), H. somni (14%), and Arcanobacterium pyogenes (19%). Pneumonia was the most frequent cause of mortality of beef calves during the first 2 months after arrival in feedlots, representing 69% of total deaths. The prevalence of caseonecrotic bronchopneumonia caused by M. bovis was similar to that of fibrinosuppurative bronchopneumonia, and together, these diseases were the most common causes of pneumonia and death. M. bovis pneumonia and polyarthritis has emerged as an important cause of mortality in Ontario beef feedlots. (+info)

Bovine respiratory disease in feedlot cattle: phenotypic, environmental, and genetic correlations with growth, carcass, and longissimus muscle palatability traits. (4/41)

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the most costly feedlot disease in the United States. Selection for disease resistance is one of several possible interventions to prevent or reduce the economic loss associated with animal disease and to improve animal welfare. Undesirable genetic relationships, however, may exist between production and disease resistance traits. The objectives of this study were to estimate the phenotypic, environmental, and genetic correlations of BRD with growth, carcass, and LM palatability traits. Health records on 18,112 feedlot cattle over a 15-yr period and slaughter data on 1,627 steers over a 4-yr period were analyzed with bivariate animal models. Traits included ADG, adjusted carcass fat thickness at the 12th rib, marbling score, LM area, weight of retail cuts, weight of fat trim, bone weight, Warner-Bratzler shear force, tenderness score, and juiciness score. The estimated heritability of BRD incidence was 0.08 +/- 0.01. Phenotypic, environmental, and genetic correlations of the observed traits with BRD ranged from -0.35 to 0.40, -0.36 to 0.55, and -0.42 to 0.20, respectively. Most correlations were low or negligible. The percentage of carcass bone had moderate genetic, phenotypic, and environmental correlations with BRD (-0.42, -0.35, and -0.36, respectively). Hot carcass weight and weight of retail cuts had moderate, undesirable phenotypic correlations with BRD (0.37 and 0.40, respectively). Correlations of BRD with LM palatability and ADG were not detected. Low or near zero estimates of genetic correlations infer that selection to reduce BRD in feedlot cattle would have negligible correlated responses on growth, carcass, and meat palatability traits or that selection for those traits will have little effect on BRD susceptibility or resistance. (+info)

Source of dietary lipid may modify the immune response in stressed feeder cattle. (5/41)

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A comparison of 2 vaccination programs in feedlot calves at ultra-high risk of developing undifferentiated fever/bovine respiratory disease. (6/41)

The aim of this study was to compare 2 vaccination programs in feedlot calves at ultra-high risk of developing undifferentiated fever (UF)/bovine respiratory disease (BRD). At feedlot arrival, 3882 calves were enrolled in the study and randomly allocated to 2 groups, which were housed by group in 12 pens. At the time of allocation, 1 group (MLV3-BT2) received a multivalent, modified-live viral vaccine containing infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV) and types I and II bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), as well as a Mannheimia haemolytica (MH) and Pasteurella multocida bacterin-toxoid. The other group (MLV4-BT1) received a vaccine containing IIBRV, type I BVDV, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, and parainfluenza-3 virus, as well as a MH bacterin-toxoid. At an average of 69 days post arrival, the groups received their respective viral vaccines. The initial UF treatment, overall chronicity, overall wastage, overall mortality, and BRD mortality rates were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the MLV3-BT2 group than in the MLV4-BT1 group. Average daily gain and the proportions of yield grade Canada 3 and quality grade E carcasses were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the MLV3-BT2 group than in the MLV4-BT1 group. No significant (P > or = 0.05) difference in the dry matter intake to gain ratio was detected between the 2 groups. In economic terms, there was a net advantage of $20.86 CDN/animal in the MLV3-BT2 group. This study demonstrates that it is more cost effective to use an MLV3-BT2 vaccination program than a MLV4-BT1 vaccination program in feedlot calves at ultra-high risk of developing UF/BRD. (+info)

Microbiological and histopathological findings in cases of fatal bovine respiratory disease of feedlot cattle in Western Canada. (7/41)

The aim of this study was to describe the microbiologic agents and pathologic processes in fatal bovine respiratory disease (BRD) of feedlot cattle and to investigate associations between agents and pathologic processes. Ninety feedlot calves diagnosed at necropsy with BRD and 9 control calves without BRD were examined, using immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and histopathologic studies. Mannheimia haemolytica (MH) (peracute, acute, and subacute cases) and Mycoplasma bovis (MB) (subacute, bronchiolar, and chronic cases) were the most common agents identified in fatal BRD cases. Significant associations (P < 0.10) were detected between microbiologic agents and between agents and pathologic processes. When IHC staining was used, 25/26 (96%) of animals that were positive for bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) were also positive for MH; 12/15 (80 %) of animals that were positive for Histophilus somni (HS) were also positive for MB; and all of the animals that were positive for HS were negative for MH and BVDV. This quantitative pathological study demonstrates that several etiologic agents and pathologic processes are involved in fatal BRD of feedlot cattle. (+info)

Effects of commingling beef calves from different sources and weaning protocols during a forty-two-day receiving period on performance and bovine respiratory disease. (8/41)

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... is also a known causative agent that is a part of the Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) complex, which ... Histophilosis may be present as a component of the Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex which has a higher incidence in feedlot ... "Structured Literature Review of Responses of Cattle to Viral and Bacterial Pathogens Causing Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex ... "Structured Literature Review of Responses of Cattle to Viral and Bacterial Pathogens Causing Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histophilus_somni

Respiratory signs such as coughing can be seen if the infection is part of a multifactorial respiratory disease complex. ... Adenoviridae Bovine adenovirus Veterinary Medicine : A Textbook of the Diseases of Cattle, Horses, Sheep, Pigs and Goats ( ... mild gastrointestinal diseases in pigs and is thought to contribute to multifactorial porcine respiratory diseases complexes. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porcine_adenovirus

... or it may be part of a bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex with other pathogens during co-infection. BRD is a concern for ... Influenza in pigs is a respiratory disease similar to influenza in humans and is found worldwide. Asymptomatic infections are ... It may cause respiratory disease resembling human influenza on its own, ... Its use in the disease sense is first attested in 1504, when it meant a "visitation" or "outbreak" of any disease affecting ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza

... a group of bacteria involved in bovine respiratory disease (BRD) . It is pathogenic. Angen, O.; Mutters, R.; Caugant, D. A.; ... "Pasteurella haemolytica complex of Pasteurella sensu stricto as new genus Mannheimia: changes in taxonomy."VETERINARNI MEDICINA ... Mannheimia glucosida and Mannheimia varigena from bovine and swine respiratory disease: intergeneric spread of the tet(H) ... Olsen, J. E.; Bisgaard, M. (1999). "Taxonomic relationships of the [Pasteurella] haemolytica complex as evaluated by DNA-DNA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mannheimia_varigena

... coli Treating cattle for bovine respiratory disease complex ("shipping fever complex"), necrotic pododermatitis (foot rot), ... It is used to treat many infections, including respiratory, urinary tract, enteric, and soft tissue infections and can be given ... Bauman RW (2015). Microbiology: With Diseases by Body System (4th ed.). Boston: Pearson. p. 296. ISBN 9780321918550. " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfadimethoxine

... bovine respiratory disease complex MeSH C22.196.090.600 - pasteurellosis, pneumonic MeSH C22.196.090.660 - pneumonia, atypical ... bovine MeSH C22.735.050 - ape diseases MeSH C22.735.500 - monkey diseases MeSH C22.735.500.500 - marburg virus disease MeSH ... bovine virus diarrhea-mucosal disease MeSH C22.196.148 - brucellosis, bovine MeSH C22.196.250 - encephalopathy, bovine ... bovine MeSH C22.196.429 - infectious bovine rhinotracheitis MeSH C22.196.497 - lumpy skin disease MeSH C22.196.540 - malignant ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(C22)

... (BRD) is the most common and costly disease affecting beef cattle in the world. It is a complex, ... Lillie, L. E. (1974). "The bovine respiratory disease complex". The Canadian Veterinary Journal. 15 (9): 233-42. PMC 1696627. ... Viral agents include Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Bovine respiratory syncytial virus ( ... 2010 Recognition and Treatment of Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex, John F. Currin and W. Dee Whittier / Virginia Cooperative ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bovine_respiratory_disease

"Bovine complex I is a complex of 45 different subunits". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 281 (43): 32724-7. doi:10.1074/ ... There is some evidence that complex I defects may play a role in the etiology of Parkinson's disease, perhaps because of ... Type I NADH dehydrogenase and mitochondrial complex I) is the first large protein complex of the respiratory chains of many ... complex III), and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV). Complex I is the largest and most complicated enzyme of the electron ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_complex_I

A complex disease caused by bovine pestivirus, also known as BVDV (bovine viral diarrhoea virus). The disease results in ... increased occurrence of calf scours as well as an increase in the occurrence in diarrhoea and respiratory disease. Abortions ... Cattle are very susceptible to diseases as they are a bovine livestock, the prevalence and frequency of these diseases ( ... Cattle are bovine livestock and are thus very susceptible to diseases. Vaccinations for cattle are widely used in the livestock ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beef_cattle_vaccination_in_Australia

The bovine EClC protein has 903 amino acids and four putative transmembrane segments. The purified complex, when reconstituted ... Thomsen disease is associated with dominant mutations and Becker disease with recessive mutations in CLCN1. CLCA1, CLCA2, CLCA3 ... The first member of this family to be characterized was a respiratory epithelium, Ca2+-regulated, chloride channel protein ... Another inherited disease that affects the kidney organs is Dent's Disease, characterised by low molecular weight proteinuria ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride_channel

The development of disease can occur rapidly, and symptoms in cats include skin ulceration, chronic respiratory infection, and ... Not limited to strains within the United States, instances of bovine mastitis due to S. canis have been reported in other areas ... However, it has been reported to form complexes with human albumin through the formation of binding sites. This ability to bind ... Additional horizontal disease transfer to other cows in the herd was facilitated due to poor udder health management procedures ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptococcus_canis

... as alarm antiproteinases in inflammatory lung disease". Respiratory Research. 1 (2): 87-92. doi:10.1186/rr18. PMC 59548. PMID ... crystal structure of the acid-stable proteinase inhibitor from human mucous secretions analysed in its complex with bovine ... Several diseases, including those listed, are actually the result of SLPI and α1-antitrypsin defenses being overwhelmed by ... Many diseases, such as emphysema, cystic fibrosis, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, are characterized by increased levels of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLPI

... is a subunit of the enzyme NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), the largest of the respiratory complexes. The structure is L ... Smeitink J, van den Heuvel L (Jun 1999). "Human mitochondrial complex I in health and disease". American Journal of Human ... Earley FG, Ragan CI (Nov 1980). "Identification of the subunits of bovine heart mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase that are ... complex, located in the mitochondrial inner membrane. It is also known as Complex I and is the largest of the five complexes of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NDUFB6

Carroll J, Fearnley IM, Skehel JM, Shannon RJ, Hirst J, Walker JE (October 2006). "Bovine complex I is a complex of 45 ... There is some evidence that complex I defects may play a role in the etiology of Parkinson's disease, perhaps because of ... Type I NADH dehydrogenase and mitochondrial complex I) is the first large protein complex of the respiratory chains of myriad ... Conserved subunits of Complex I[30] # Human/Bovine subunit Human protein Protein description (UniProt) Pfam family with Human ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NADH_dehydrogenase_

Mitochondrial complex I deficiency is a disorder of the mitochondrial respiratory chain that causes a wide range of clinical ... "Definition of the nuclear encoded protein composition of bovine heart mitochondrial complex I. Identification of two new ... manifestations from lethal neonatal disease to adult-onset neurodegenerative disorders. In cases of pathogenic NDUFB11 ... complex, located in the mitochondrial inner membrane. It is also known as Complex I and is the largest of the five complexes of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NDUFB11

As is known these ROS may cause many diseases such as atherosclerosis and some neurodegenerative diseases. Classical examples ... In eukaryotes, the respiratory chain is separated from oxidative folding since cellular respiration takes place in the ... There, the reduction of molecular oxygen to water is carried out by a complex series of proteins, which catalyse this reaction ... Cell 98, 217-227 Lawrence K. Low, Hang-Cheol Shin and Harold A. Sheraga.(2002). Oxidative Folding of Bovine Pancreatic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidative_folding

Work with Oryzias latices could also indicate an evolutionary conserved role for the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes ... It is found in all tissues and has been shown to be highly similar to bovine COX VIIb protein. COX7B is believed to be ... The COX7B mutations associated with disease include c.196delC, a heterozygous mutation leading to a frameshift in exon 3, c.41- ... COX7B is a nuclear-encoded subunit of cytochrome c oxidase (COX). Cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV) is a multi-subunit enzyme ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COX7B

... frequently lead to complex neurodegenerative diseases such as Leigh's syndrome that result from mitochondrial complex I ... The human NDUFA12 gene codes for a subunit of Complex I of the respiratory chain, which transfers electrons from NADH to ... Skehel JM, Fearnley IM, Walker JE (Nov 1998). "NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase from bovine heart mitochondria: sequence of a ... NDUFA12 is a subunit of the enzyme NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), the largest of the respiratory complexes. The structure is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NDUFA12

The NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex (complex I) of the mitochondrial respiratory chain catalyzes the transfer of ... of mitochondrial complex I and susceptibility to Parkinson disease". Genomics. 49 (1): 52-8. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.5192. PMID ... complementary DNA sequences of import precursors of the bovine and human 24-kDa subunit". Biochemistry. 28 (8): 3257-64. doi: ... The encoded protein, NDUFV2, is a subunit of complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, which is located on the inner ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NDUFV2

... forms reddish complex with iron; its affinity for iron is 300 times higher than that of transferrin. The affinity ... Bovine lactoferrin has more activity against H. pylori than human lactoferrin. Lactoferrin acts, mostly in vitro, on a wide ... Lactoferrin levels in tear fluid have been shown to decrease in dry eye diseases such as Sjögren's syndrome. A rapid, portable ... Respiratory tract antimicrobial defense system GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000012223 - Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38: Ensembl ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactoferrin

Wen JJ, Garg N (December 2004). "Oxidative modification of mitochondrial respiratory complexes in response to the stress of ... Schägger H, Brandt U, Gencic S, von Jagow G (1995). "Ubiquinol-cytochrome-c reductase from human and bovine mitochondria". ... have been linked to this disease. In an inbred Israeli Bedouin family, the mutations, inherited in an autosomal recessive ... which is part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Variants of UQCRQ have been associated with complex III deficiency. One ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UQCRQ

The human NDUFA2 gene codes for a subunit of Complex I of the respiratory chain, which transfers electrons from NADH to ... "NDUFA2 complex I mutation leads to Leigh disease". American Journal of Human Genetics. 82 (6): 1306-1315. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg. ... ubiquinone oxidoreductase from bovine heart mitochondria. Application of a novel strategy for sequencing proteins using the ... NDUFA2 is a subunit of the enzyme NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), the largest of the respiratory complexes. The structure is L ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NDUFA2

... bovine ephemeral fever (C. osystoma and C. nipponesis), Akabane virus, Queensland itch and epizootic hemorrhagic disease. A ... Species belonging to the Culicoides obsoletus complex and the Culicoides pulicaris complex have been found capable of ... Pupae consist of a fused cephalothorax with slender respiratory trumpets and a segmented abdomen. Adults emerge through a ... Several species are known to be vectors of various diseases and parasites which can affect animals. Like Leptoconops, the genus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culicoides

A study of the steroidogenic capacity of the adrenal cortex in infants with acute respiratory disease demonstrated that indeed ... These results demonstrated that the formation of a functional ternary complex is not possible. From these studies, it was ... Topological studies of cytochromes P-450scc and P-45011 beta in bovine adrenocortical inner mitochondrial membranes. Effects of ... "Selective increases in adrenal steroidogenic capacity during acute respiratory disease in infants". European Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholesterol_side-chain_cleavage_enzyme

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as mad-cow disease 1998: Doñana disaster, also known as the Aznalcollar ... A health crisis or public health crisis is a difficult situation or complex health system that affects humans in one or more ... Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) 2004: Avian influenza (H5N1), sometimes avian flu, and commonly bird flu 2006: Côte ... Its severity is often measured by the number of people affected by its geographical extent, or the disease or death of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_crisis

1L0L In vertebrates the bc1 complex, or Complex III, contains 11 subunits: 3 respiratory subunits, 2 core proteins and 6 low- ... "Complete structure of the 11-subunit bovine mitochondrial cytochrome bc1 complex". Science. 281 (5373): 64-71. doi:10.1126/ ... Fisher N, Castleden CK, Bourges I, Brasseur G, Dujardin G, Meunier B (March 2004). "Human disease-related mutations in ... The bc1 complex contains 11 subunits, 3 respiratory subunits (cytochrome B, cytochrome C1, Rieske protein), 2 core proteins and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coenzyme_Q_–_cytochrome_c_reductase

"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. February 11, 2020. Centers for Disease ... A complex Sri Lankan herbal drink was said to remedy all virus infections which can affect humans, including COVID-19, with ... "Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) - Saudi Arabia". World Health Organization. May 5, 2020. Retrieved May ... For example, giardiasis, E. coli, salmonellosis and tuberculosis can all be transmitted via bovine fecal matter. Drinking camel ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unproven_methods_against_COVID-19

"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 175 (2): 174-83. doi:10.1164/rccm.200607-1029OC. PMC 2720149. PMID ... "Archives of Disease in Childhood. 67 (5): 657-61. doi:10.1136/adc.67.5.657. PMC 1793702. PMID 1599309.. ... protein complex. • extracellular region. • cell surface. • specific granule. • phagocytic vesicle lumen. • extracellular ... Occurrence of iron-containing red protein in bovine milk was reported as early as in 1939;[8] however, the protein could not be ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactoferrin

... border disease MeSH C02.782.350.675.106 - bovine virus diarrhea-mucosal disease MeSH C02.782.350.675.200 - classical swine ... aids dementia complex MeSH C02.782.815.616.400.080 - aids-related complex MeSH C02.782.815.616.400.100 - aids-related ... severe acute respiratory syndrome MeSH C02.782.600.550.800 - torovirus infections MeSH C02.782.620.365 - influenza, human MeSH ... infectious bovine rhinotracheitis MeSH C02.256.466.606 - malignant catarrh MeSH C02.256.466.650 - marek disease MeSH C02.256. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(C02)

Mosaic or complex DI genome, in which the various regions may come from the same helper virus genome but in the wrong order; ... Easton AJ, Scott PD, Edworthy NL, Meng B, Marriott AC, Dimmock NJ (2011). "A novel broad-spectrum treatment for respiratory ... Huang AS, Baltimore D (1970). "Defective viral particles and viral disease processes". Nature. 226 (5243): 325-7. doi:10.1038/ ... is a higher-order genomic structure implicated in the mediation of DIP production in bovine coronavirus, with apparent homologs ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defective_interfering_particle

This made him realise that the vector of the disease were lice that were discarded with the patient's own clothes.[3] Nicolle ... That's how Michel Weinberg, Metchnikoff's scholar, disclosed the complex etiology of gas gangrene and created a vaccine for ... Having finally lost completely its virulence, the bovine tuberculosis germ grown with their method was the principal ... like the paralysis of the respiratory muscles.[1]:73 It is this last consequence of the diphtheria that provided the two ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasteur_Institute

... it is also effective in the treatment of urinary tract inflammatory disease in man.[47] For a time, bovine liver SOD even had ... Diminished SOD3 activity has been linked to lung diseases such as Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) or Chronic ... Crystal structure of the human SOD1 enzyme (rainbow-color N-terminus = blue, C-terminus = red) complexed with copper (orange ... Cu-Zn-SOD available commercially is normally purified from bovine red blood cells. The bovine Cu-Zn enzyme is a homodimer of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orgotein

"Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. svezak 45 (broj 4): str. ... The European respiratory journal: official journal of the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology. svezak 37 (broj ... White, PC; Böhm, M, Marion, G, Hutchings, MR (2008). "Control of bovine tuberculosis in British livestock: there is no 'silver ... 1997). "A novel pathogenic taxon of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, Canetti: characterization of an exceptional isolate ...

https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberkuloza

Diagnosis and treatment of disease caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care ... M. tuberculosis Complex Pathogen , CDC EID [online]. Cdc.gov, 2010-07-29 [cit. 2010-11-07]. Dostupné online.. ... Bovine Tuberculosis [online]. The Center for Food Security and Public Health, 2007, rev. 2009-07-20. Dostupné online.. ... Fact Sheets: The Difference Between Latent TB Infection and Active TB Disease [online]. Centers for Disease Control, 2010-07-01 ...

https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberkulóza

"Smallpox Disease and Its Clinical Management" (PDF). From the training course titled "Smallpox: Disease, Prevention, and ... Circulating immune complexes, overwhelming viremia, or an uncontrolled immune response may be contributing factors.[23] In ... Respiratory complications tend to develop on about the eighth day of the illness and can be either viral or bacterial in origin ... He himself died of the disease in 1774. William III lost his mother to the disease when he was only ten years old in 1660, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smallpox

Griffith D, Kerr C (1996). "Tuberculosis: disease of the past, disease of the present". J Perianesth Nurs 11 (4): 240-5. doi: ... American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, (Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.). Diagnostic standards and ... Gutiérrez García JM (2006 May). "Meat as a vector of transmission of bovine tuberculosis to humans in Spain: a historical ... M.tuberculosis complex ஆனது, காசநோயை உருவாக்கவல்ல, வேறு மூன்று மைக்கோபக்டீரியாக்களை உள்ளடக்கியுள்ளது. அவையாவன M. bovis, M. ...

https://ta.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/காச_நோய்

An arbitrarily chosen DNA fragment derived from the mRNA transcript of bovine serum albumin was evolved through random point ... DNA complex catalysed a Diels-Alder reaction in water between cyclopentadiene and an aza chalcone. The reaction products (endo ... Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV),[32] human rhinovirus 14[33] and HCV[34] ... UC is an idiopathic inflammatory bowel diseases defined by chronically relapsing inflammations of the gastrointestinal tract, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deoxyribozyme

The ratio of oxidative phosphorylation complexes I-V in bovine heart mitochondria and the composition of respiratory chain ... Raha S, Robinson B. Mitochondria, oxygen free radicals, disease and ageing. „Trends Biochem Sci". 25 (10), s. 502-8, 2000. DOI ... a b Hirst J. Energy transduction by respiratory complex I-an evaluation of current knowledge. „Biochem. Soc. Trans.". 33 (Pt 3 ... a b Sazanov L.A., Hinchliffe P. (2006) Structure of the hydrophilic domain of respiratory complex I from Thermus thermophilus. ...

https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosforylacja_oksydacyjna

... complexes. IgA. 2. Found in mucosal areas, such as the gut, respiratory tract and urogenital tract, and prevents ... Disease therapy[edit]. Targeted monoclonal antibody therapy is employed to treat diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis,[59] ... in biochemical assays for disease diagnosis,[55] a titer of antibodies directed against Epstein-Barr virus or Lyme disease is ... several immunodiagnostic methods based on detection of complex antigen-antibody are used to diagnose infectious diseases, for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody

Rosenbloom J (Dec 1984). "Elastin: relation of protein and gene structure to disease". Laboratory Investigation. 51 (6): 605-23 ... durable complex. The unlinked tropoelastin molecules are not normally available in the cell, since they become crosslinked into ... Stretched elastin isolated from bovine aorta. In the body, elastin is usually associated with other proteins in connective ... leading to diseases such as SVAS. The expression of tropoelastin mRNA is highly regulated under at least eight different ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastin

Fact Sheets: The Difference Between Latent TB Infection and Active TB Disease. Centers for Disease Control. 20. juni 2011. ... The European respiratory journal : official journal of the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology 35 (1): 27-33. ... August 2001). "Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex DNA from an extinct bison dated 17,000 years before the present". Clin. ... White, PC; Böhm, M, Marion, G, Hutchings, MR (2008 Sep). "Control of bovine tuberculosis in British livestock: there is no ' ...

https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberkulose

"Archives of Disease in Childhood. 89 (4): 386-389. doi:10.1136/adc.2002.017186. PMC 1719883. PMID 15033856.. ... Organ transplants are not regulated by the FDA.[138] It is essential that the HLA complexes of both the donor and recipient be ... "The circulatory-respiratory determination of death in organ donation*". Critical Care Medicine. 38 (3): 963-970. doi:10.1097/ ... Heart Valve (deceased-donor, living-donor and xenograft [porcine/bovine]). *Bone (deceased-donor and living-donor) ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ_transplants

"The ratio of oxidative phosphorylation complexes I-V in bovine heart mitochondria and the composition of respiratory chain ... Raha S, Robinson BH (2000). "Mitochondria, oxygen free radicals, disease and ageing". Trends Biochem. Sci. 25 (10): 502-8. doi: ... Organization of complexesEdit. The original model for how the respiratory chain complexes are organized was that they diffuse ... Complex II Competitive inhibitors of succinate dehydrogenase (complex II).[91]. Antimycin A Piscicide Complex III Binds to the ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidative_phosphorylation

"The ratio of oxidative phosphorylation complexes I-V in bovine heart mitochondria and the composition of respiratory chain ... Raha S; Robinson BH (2000). "Mitochondria, oxygen free radicals, disease and ageing". 《Trends Biochem. Sci.》 25 (10): 502-8. ... Cecchini G (2003). "Function and structure of complex II of the respiratory chain". 《Annu. Rev. Biochem.》 72: 77-109. doi: ... Hirst J (January 2010). "Towards the molecular mechanism of respiratory complex I". 《Biochem. J.》 425 (2): 327-39. doi:10.1042/ ...

https://ko.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/산화적_인산화

"Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 45 (4): 436-8. doi: ... The European respiratory journal : official journal of the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology. 35 (1): 27-33 ... White, PC (2008 Sep). "Control of bovine tuberculosis in British livestock: there is no 'silver bullet'". Trends in ... Namun, gen "Micobacterium tuberculosis" complex (MTbC) pada manusia telah dibandingkan dengan MTbC pada binatang, dan teori ...

https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberkulosis

Due to the strength of the ATP-Mg2+ interaction, ATP exists in the cell mostly as a complex with Mg2+. bonded to the phosphate ... It involves substrate-level phosphorylation in the absence of a respiratory electron transport chain. The equation for the ... Abrahams, J.; Leslie, A.; Lutter, R.; Walker, J. (1994). "Structure at 2.8 Å resolution of F1-ATPase from bovine heart ... "Mammalian ABC transporters in health and disease" (PDF). Annual Review of Biochemistry. 71: 537-592. doi:10.1146/annurev. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine_triphosphate

... bovine virus diarrhoea (BVD Type 1 and BVD Type 2), parainfluenza Type 3 (PI3), and bovine respiratory syncytial (BRSV) viruses ... Parkinson's disease. Tasigna (nilotinib). Chronic myelogenous leukemia (first-line treatment[89]). 998. 2012[83]. 39%. NICE ... An ongoing Basel Campus Project has the aim to transform Novartis headquarters in Basel "from an industrial complex to a place ... 28 April 2011 Cheaper Drug to Treat Eye Disease Is Effective *^ a b Jeffreys, Branwen (2012-05-06). "Using Avastin for eye ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciba-Geigy

... they are subject to a number of diseases. Among the conditions affecting goats are respiratory diseases including pneumonia, ... Handbook of Milk of Non-Bovine Mammals. Blackwell Publishing.. *^ "Milk analysis". North Wales Buffalo. Archived from the ... This is the same type of complex communication observed by animals bred as domestic pets, such as dogs. Researchers believe ... Diseases. Main article: List of infectious sheep and goat diseases. While goats are generally considered hardy animals and in ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goat_milk

Similarly, dry cement powder in contact with mucous membranes can cause severe eye or respiratory irritation.[18][19][20][21] ... Cement sets when mixed with water by way of a complex series of chemical reactions still only partly understood. The different ... Epidemiologic Notes and Reports Sulfur Dioxide Exposure in Portland Cement Plants, from the Centers for Disease Control, states ... Meat and bone meal - slaughterhouse waste due to bovine spongiform encephalopathy contamination concerns ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland_cement

Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus Melioidosis (Whitmore's disease) ... Prion diseases. in other animals. *Bovine spongiform encephalopathy. *Camel spongiform encephalopathy. *Scrapie ... Intestinal disease by Capillaria philippinensis, hepatic disease by Capillaria hepatica and pulmonary disease by Capillaria ... Erythema infectiosum (Fifth disease) Parvovirus B19 Exanthem subitum (Sixth disease) Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and Human ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_infectious_diseases

"The ratio of oxidative phosphorylation complexes I-V in bovine heart mitochondria and the composition of respiratory chain ... Raha S, Robinson B (2000). "Mitochondria, oxygen free radicals, disease and ageing". Trends Biochem Sci. 25 (10): 502-8. doi: ... "Towards the molecular mechanism of respiratory complex I". Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit; Hirst J. ... Cecchini G (2003). "Function and structure of complex II of the respiratory chain". Annu Rev Biochem. 72: 77-109. doi:10.1146/ ...

https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosforilasi_oksidatif

Infectious diseases - Parasitic disease: protozoan infection: Excavata (A06-A07, B55-B57, 007, 085-086) ... Respiratory system/. acute viral nasopharyngitis/. viral pneumonia. DNA virus. *Epstein-Barr virus *EBV infection/Infectious ... ingestion of oocyst (sporulated), some species are zoonotic (e.g. bovine fecal contamination) ... M. avium complex/Mycobacterium avium/Mycobacterium intracellulare/MAP *MAI infection. *M. ulcerans *Buruli ulcer ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_parasites_of_humans

This disease used to kill thousands of children every year: an associated condition was commonly called croup, which created ... That's how Michel Weinberg, Metchnikoff's scholar, disclosed the complex etiology of gas gangrene and created a vaccine for ... Having finally lost completely its virulence, the bovine tuberculosis germ grown with their method was the principal ... like the paralysis of the respiratory muscles. It is this last consequence of the diphtheria that provided the two researchers ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasteur_Institute

Drugs that inhibit LTB4 production or binding to BLT1 are in use or development for the latter diseases.[24][25][26] In ... Fourteen years after the first publication on its detection in 1973, 12-HHT was reported to stimulate fetal bovine aortic and ... Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine. 8 (4): 381-3. doi:10.1586/17476348.2014.908715. PMID 24742066.. ... Fourie, A. M. (2009). "Modulation of inflammatory disease by inhibitors of leukotriene A4 hydrolase". Current Opinion in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12-Hydroxyheptadecatrienoic_acid

... immunity can be created against diseases that have complex infection processes. An example is the RVSV-ZEBOV vaccine licensed ... "Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses. 10 (1): 2-8. doi:10.1111/irv.12351. ISSN 1750-2640. PMC 4687503. PMID 26439108.. ... Bovine herpesvirus 1 DIVA vaccines are also widely used in practice.[citation needed] Considerable efforts are ongoing to apply ... United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2011). A CDC framework for preventing infectious diseases. Archived ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_platform

"Diagnostic assays for respiratory syncytial virus disease". The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 26 (11 Suppl): S36-40. ... Most notable of these is bovine RSV (bRSV), which shares approximately 80% of its genome with hRSV. It also shares hRSV's ... they tend to be more expensive and require more complex equipment than other testing methods, making them less practical in ... Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), also called human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) and human orthopneumovirus, is a very ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_syncytial_virus

Immune evasion by pathogens of bovine respiratory disease complex - Volume 8 Issue 2 - Subramaniam Srikumaran, Clayton L. ... Viruses that play prominent roles in causing the bovine respiratory disease complex include bovine herpesvirus-1, bovine ... Bovine respiratory tract disease is a multi-factorial disease complex involving several viruses and bacteria. ... Immune evasion by pathogens of bovine respiratory disease complex. * Subramaniam Srikumaran (a1), Clayton L. Kelling (a2) and ...

https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/animal-health-research-reviews/article/immune-evasion-by-pathogens-of-bovine-respiratory-disease-complex/927F29BB207D24D834BD9207CF904102

... diagnosis and prevention of bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC), a common pre-weaning and post-weaning beef calf disease ... Epidemiology, diagnosis, and prevention of bovine respiratory disease complex. K-REx Repository. Search K-REx. This Collection ... Epidemiology, diagnosis, and prevention of bovine respiratory disease complex. Hanzlicek, Gregg Alan ... Keywords: Epidemiology; Bovine respiratory disease. Graduation Month: December. Degree: Doctor of Philosophy. Department: ...

http://krex.k-state.edu/dspace/handle/2097/6685

Bovine kidney cells were cultured in duplicate in 96-well plates and exposed to 0 or 50 μg/mL of total histones for 18 h with 1 ... Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in feedlot cattle. Significant ... Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in feedlot cattle. Significant ... Cattle with increased severity of bovine respiratory disease complex exhibit decreased capacity to protect against histone ...

https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/animalscifacpub/968/

Selection for cattle with reduced susceptibility to respiratory disease would provide a permanent tool for reducing the ... is an infectious disease of cattle that is caused by a combination of viral and/or bacterial pathogens. ... From: Susceptibility loci revealed for bovine respiratory disease complex in pre-weaned holstein calves ... Bovine respiratory syncytial virus 20.8 (7.7) 4.9 (2.5) 16.3 (6.3) 2.9 2.2-3.8 ,0.0001 ...

https://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2164-15-1164/tables/1

Learn about the veterinary topic of Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex. Find specific details on this topic and related topics ... Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex By John Campbell , DVM, DVSc, Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary ... Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) has a multifactorial etiology and develops as a result of complex interactions between ... Respiratory Diseases of Cattle. The clinical signs of frontal sinusitis include fever, anorexia, nasal discharge, changes in ...

https://www.msdvetmanual.com/respiratory-system/respiratory-diseases-of-cattle/bovine-respiratory-disease-complex

... of a pentavalent MLV respiratory vaccine to immunocompromised cattle does not mitigate clinical bovine respiratory disease (BRD ... delayed respiratory vaccination and exposure to persistently infected bovine viral diarrhea virus challenge on health, gain ... or improve animal performance because the majority of clinical respiratory disease for both studies occurred during the first ... bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) challenge on health, performance, bovine viral diarrhea virus titers, peripheral blood ...

https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/64/

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the most common and costly disease affecting beef cattle in the world. It is a complex, ... Lillie, L. E. (1974). "The bovine respiratory disease complex". The Canadian Veterinary Journal. 15 (9): 233-42. PMC 1696627. ... Viral agents include Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Bovine respiratory syncytial virus ( ... 2010 Recognition and Treatment of Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex, John F. Currin and W. Dee Whittier / Virginia Cooperative ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bovine_respiratory_disease

Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) is considered the most significant illness associated with feedlot cattle in North ... Multiplex real-time RT-PCR detection of three viruses associated with the bovine respiratory disease complex ... Multiplex real-time RT-PCR detection of three viruses associated with the bovine respiratory disease complex. Journal of ... Bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine viral diarrhoea virus and bovine parainfluenza virus 3 are three of the major viruses associated ...

https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/47635/

The 21st century epidemics of severe acute respiratory CoV (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory CoV and the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 ... The 21st century epidemics of severe acute respiratory CoV (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory CoV and the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 ... Bovine CoVs (BCoVs) are betacoronaviruses associated with neonatal calf diarrhea, and with winter dysentery and shipping fever ... Bovine CoVs (BCoVs) are betacoronaviruses associated with neonatal calf diarrhea, and with winter dysentery and shipping fever ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2021.643220/full

Bovine abortion, diarrhea, and respiratory disease complexes, caused by infectious agents, result in high and significant ... We collected 117 samples and screened them for 44 bovine abortive, diarrheal, and respiratory disease complex pathogens by ... Dembo polymerase chain reaction technique for detection of bovine abortion, diarrhea, and respiratory disease complex ... Animals , Birds , Cattle , Cockroaches , Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral , Diarrhea , Diptera , Disease Reservoirs , Disease ...

https://search.bvsalud.org/gim/resource/en/wprim-758819

Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex. Cattle Llamas Animal model. Immunization for phage antibody libraries. Llamas. ...

https://www.wur.nl/en/Research-Results/Research-Institutes/Bioveterinary-Research/CRO/Animal-models-3/Animal-models-for-animal-health.htm

Calculation of genomic predicted transmitting abilities for bovine respiratory disease complex in Holsteins - (Abstract Only) ... Calculation of genomic predicted transmitting abilities for bovine respiratory disease complex in Holsteins. Journal of Dairy ... Applied Bovine Genomics: Chipping away at the genetics underlying disease traits. - (Abstract Only) ... BOVINE GENOMICS UPDATE: MAKING A COW JUMP OVER THE MOON () Sonstegard, T.S., Van Tassell, C.P. 2004. Bovine genomics update: ...

https://www.ars.usda.gov/people-locations/person/?person-id=5783

Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex. Enzootic Pneumonia of Calves and Shipping Fever Pneumonia ... Respiratory Diseases of Horses. Pleuropneumonia is most common in young athletic horses and is associated with several ... Proposed causes include respiratory viruses and bacteria, trauma to the trachea from feed bunks, passive congestion and edema ... The disease is usually very sporadic, with small numbers of animals in the population affected. ...

https://www.merckvetmanual.com/respiratory-system/respiratory-diseases-of-cattle/tracheal-edema-syndrome-of-feeder-cattle

Immune evasion by pathogens of bovine respiratory disease complex. Animal Health Research Reviews, 8, 215-229. ... Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) - a re-emerging concern in livestock: a revisit to its biology, epidemiology, diagnosis, and ... Immunology of bovine viral diarrhea virus. The Veterinary clinics of North America. Food animal practice, 11, 501-520. ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11250-019-02083-x?error=cookies_not_supported&error=cookies_not_supported&error=cookies_not_supported&code=376c8744-d5d3-43d0-80bc-8a575c888e98&code=b1790660-64f3-408f-b856-a800b99fdefb&code=91ac8d57-0c36-4c08-9511-fad84202a217

... drug substances and disease conditions. VetCAST will adopt EUCAST approaches: the initial step will be data assessment; then ... drug substances and disease conditions. VetCAST will adopt EUCAST approaches: the initial step will be data assessment; then ... examples are bovine respiratory disease complex, swine respiratory disease etc. When several causative agents are involved, ... Apley, M. D. (2003). Susceptibility testing for bovine respiratory and enteric disease. Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract. ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02344/full

Vaccination programs for beef cattle herds protect the animals from diseases caused by infectious organisms such as viruses, ... acute respiratory disease, especially in young cattle.. BVD (Bovine Virus Diarrhea). A disease caused by bovine viral diarrhea ... The disease is sometimes called red nose and often initiates the shipping fever complex. Many IBR vaccines include additional ... IBR (Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis). A disease caused by a herpes virus, resulting in respiratory signs, reproductive ...

https://www.aces.edu/blog/topics/livestock/vaccinations-for-the-beef-cattle-herd/

... is a serious disease caused when bacteria attack the respiratory system. There are three types of TB - human, avian, and bovine ... Bovine TB is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) which is part of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex.. ... Bovine TB is a chronic disease and it can take years to develop. M. Bovis grows very slowly and only replicates every 12-20 ... Although bovine TB was once relatively common in cattle in the U.S., it has historically been a very rare disease in wild deer ...

http://www.michigan.gov/dnr/0,1607,7-153-10319-99064--,00.html

... are respiratory pathogens of cattle that cause disease singly but are often associated with bovine respiratory disease complex ... Bovine vaccines currently contain BPI3V to provide protection against the virus, but there is no current information regarding ... differences between viruses from these genotypes and the BPI3Va viruses that are included in currently marketed bovine vaccines ... are respiratory pathogens of cattle that cause disease singly but are often associated with bovine respiratory disease complex ...

https://bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12917-015-0431-8

... can potentially cause respiratory diseases in livestock. We isolated a new IDV strain from diseased cattle in Japan; this ... Influenza D virus (IDV; family Orthomyxoviridae) is one of the possible bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) causative ... bovine parainfluenza virus 3, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine coronavirus, bovine rhinitis A virus, Mycobacterium ... Dane H, Duffy C, Guelbenzu M, Hause B, Fee S, Forster F, et al. Detection of influenza D virus in bovine respiratory disease ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/26/1/19-1092

Tissue Tropism in Host Transcriptional Response to Members of the Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex *Susanta K. Behura ... permissionsfor article Tissue Tropism in Host Transcriptional Response to Members of the Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex . ... A comprehensive manually-curated compendium of bovine transcription factors *Marcela M. de Souza ... Rights & permissionsfor article A comprehensive manually-curated compendium of bovine transcription factors . Opens in a new ...

http://www.nature.com/search?author=%22Luciana%20C.%20A.%20Regitano%22&error=cookies_not_supported&code=ca6d6d01-9bff-4ccf-ad1a-580f7e2a6584

Recognition and Treatment of Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex. * Recognition and Treatment of Bovine Respiratory Disease ... Improperly managed, animal carcasses have the potential to spread disease and contaminate surface and groundwater supplies. ... assist Virginias farmers in understanding their mortality disposal options during natural disasters and non-infectious disease ...

http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/tags.resource.html?tag=pubs_ext_vt_edu:beef-cattle

Theres an innovative solution to fight cattle respiratory challenges when weaning calves and the answers is in cattle ... An evaluation of bovine respiratory disease complex in feedlot cattle: impact on performance and carcass traits using treatment ... Bacterial pathogens of the bovine respiratory disease complex. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract. 2010;26(2):381-394. ... Economic effects of bovine respiratory disease on feedlot cattle during backgrounding and finishing phases. Stillwater (OK): ...

https://www.purinamills.com/cattle-feed/education/detail/feeding-weaned-calves-to-tackle-respiratory-challenges

Genomics of bovine respiratory disease complex at USMARC - (Abstract Only) Kuehn, L.A., Casas, E., Bennett, G.L., Chitko Mckown ... Genomics of bovine respiratory disease complex at USMARC [Invited abstract]. Journal of Animal Science. 89(E-Suppl. 2):61-62. ... Effect of Bovine Respiratory Disease and Overall Pathogenic Disease Incidence on Carcass Traits - (Peer Reviewed Journal) ... Markers on bovine chromosome 20 associated with fat related traits and incidence of contracting bovine respiratory disease - ( ...

https://www.ars.usda.gov/people-locations/person?person-id=46962

Bovine coronavirus Synonym(s): coronaviridae, BCV, bovine respiratory disease complex. Contributor(s): Veronica Fowler , Tammy ... Saif L J (2010) Bovine Respiratory Coronavirus. The Veterinary clinics of North America Food animal practice 26 (2), 349-364 ... Kapil S & Basaraba R J (1997) Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, parainfluenza-3, and respiratory coronavirus. Vet Clin North ... Respiratory BCV infections can be fatal if the animal is also exposed to stress factors (eg transportation, corticosteroids, ...

https://www.vetstream.com/treat/bovis/bug/bovine-coronavirus

The association between transportation and the occurrence of the bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) has long been ... Invited review: Relationship between cattle transport, immunity and respiratory disease * B. Earley, K. Buckham Sporer, S. ... Evidence also supports the role of upper and lower airway dysfunction in the development of upper respiratory tract infection ... Journal: Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease / Volume 6 / Issue 5 / October 2015 ...

https://www.cambridge.org/core/search?filters%5Bkeywords%5D=physiology

Infection of differentiated airway epithelial cells from caprine lungs by viruses of the bovine respiratory disease complex. ... Three viruses of the bovine respiratory disease complex apply different strategies to initiate infection. ... Mutations during the Adaptation of H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus to the Respiratory Epithelium of Pigs Enhance Sialic Acid Binding ... Comparative analysis of the sialic acid binding activity and the tropism for the respiratory epithelium of four different ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?cmd=search&term=Herrler+G%5Bau%5D&dispmax=50

Bacterial Pneumonia and Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex (Shipping Fever Complex) (Pasteurella spp.), Colibacillosis ( ... Foot rot is just one of the diseases Sustain can treat. I like them because my girls are hand-feeders and I can easily treat ... Boluses are indicated for the treatment of the following diseases when caused by one or more of the following pathogenic ...

http://cattletoday.com/forum/viewtopic.php?p=1423099

Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex: A Critical Review. Neelima Patel; Raj Kumar Patel; Jitendra Singh Rajoriya; Manoj Kumar ... Pattern of macrovascular disease phenotypes amongst newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients in a rural institute in Uttar ... A Statistical Analysis of Trends in Mortality from Major Infectious Diseases of Global burden, 1990-2015. M. N. Megeri; H. H. ... Effectiveness of self-instructional module on knowledge of self-care management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among ...

http://www.scopemed.org/?term=Manoj%20Kumar&sarea=author&b1=Search+ScopeMed

BRSV infection may be indistinguishable from other viral infections associated with the bovine respiratory disease complex. ... and respiratory disease caused by IBR, BVD (Types 1 and 2), parainfluenza-3 (PI-3), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus ( ... DISEASE DESCRIPTION: IBR and BVD are commonly associated with reproductive and respiratory disease while BRSV and PI-3 are ... BRSV is the etiologic agent of a specific viral respiratory disease of cattle of all ages, including nursing calves. Infection ...

https://www.drugs.com/vet/cattlemaster-gold-fp-5-can.html

Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) of calves and growing cattle. Pathogens, clinical forms, risk factors, control and ... Porcine respiratory disease complex II. (Methods of diagnosis at herd level (prevalence/severity of the disease, related micro- ... Porcine respiratory disease complex I. An exemplary multifactorial disease. (germ load, environmental factors that affect the ... The periparturient diseases of the sow I. (forms of the disease complex, an exemplary management related disease, the role of ...

https://univet.hu/en/education/courses/animal-hygiene-and-herd-health-2/

Viruses that play prominent roles in causing the bovine respiratory disease complex include bovine herpesvirus-1, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus and parinfluenza-3 virus. (cambridge.org)
Viral agents include Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), and Parainfluenza type-3 virus (PI-3). (wikipedia.org)
MLVs are mainly available for diseases caused by viruses, such as bovine herpes virus 1, the causative agent of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), and parainfluenza-3 virus (Pl3). (aces.edu)
Development of nested PCR assays for detection of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in clinical samples. (semanticscholar.org)
Two nested PCR assays were developed for the detection of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV). (semanticscholar.org)
Comparison of four RT-PCR assays for detection of bovine respiratory syncytial virus. (semanticscholar.org)
Use of rapid human respiratory syncytial virus strip tests for detection of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in experimentally vaccinated calves. (semanticscholar.org)
Serological titers to bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine viral diarrhea virus, parainfluenza 3 virus, bovine respiratory syncytial virus and Pasteurella haemolytica in feedlot calves with respiratory disease: associations with bacteriological and pulmonary cytological variables. (medigraphic.com)
In the UK, these bacteria are frequently identified in clinical cases of bovine respiratory disease (BRD), along with Mycoplasma bovis and viruses including bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), parainfluenza virus-3 (BPI3-V), bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) and bovine diarrhoea virus (BVDV) 5 . (nature.com)
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common viral cause of childhood acute lower respiratory tract infections. (mdpi.com)
The viruses include parainfluenza-3 (PI-3), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), an adenovirus, a reovirus, bovine herpesvirus 1 and bovine rhinovirus. (thefreedictionary.com)
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is an etiological component of the bovine respiratory tract disease complex. (unl.edu)
Cholesterol-rich lipid rafts are required for release of infectious human respiratory syncytial virus particles. (semanticscholar.org)
The viruses included in most MLV-BRD vaccines are infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), parainfluenza-3 virus (PI3), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV). (nmsu.edu)
The aims of this study were to evaluate the presence of antibodies against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine herpes virus type 1 (BoHV-1), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) in healthy and BRD calves from family farming in relation to clinical signs of BRD. (bireme.br)

Frequently, severe respiratory tract disease in cattle is associated with concurrent infections of these pathogens. (cambridge.org)
Cattle with increased severity of bovine respiratory disease complex e" by J. A. Matera, B. K. Krehbiel et al. (unl.edu)
Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in feedlot cattle. (unl.edu)
A series of experiments were conducted to determine the effects of on-arrival vs. delayed respiratory vaccination and exposure to persistently infected bovine viral diarrhea virus challenge on health, gain performance, and physiological and immunological measurements in newly received stocker cattle. (uark.edu)
Both studies provided evidence that on-arrival administration of a pentavalent MLV respiratory vaccine to immunocompromised cattle does not mitigate clinical bovine respiratory disease (BRD) or improve animal performance because the majority of clinical respiratory disease for both studies occurred during the first 14-d and morbidity rate was not different when calves were vaccinated on d 0 vs. 14. (uark.edu)
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the most common and costly disease affecting beef cattle in the world. (wikipedia.org)
The diseases that make up BRD can persist in a cattle herd for a long period of time before becoming symptomatic, but immune systems weakened by stress can stop controlling the disease. (wikipedia.org)
Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) is considered the most significant illness associated with feedlot cattle in North America and possibly worldwide. (edu.au)
Bovine abortion, diarrhea, and respiratory disease complexes, caused by infectious agents, result in high and significant economic losses for the cattle industry. (bvsalud.org)
Bovine CoVs (BCoVs) are betacoronaviruses associated with neonatal calf diarrhea, and with winter dysentery and shipping fever in older cattle. (frontiersin.org)
Comprehensive analyses of 723 transcriptomes enhance biological interpretation and genomic prediction for complex traits in cattle. (usda.gov)
Vaccination programs for beef cattle herds are designed to protect the animals from diseases caused by infectious organisms such as viruses, bacteria, and protozoans. (aces.edu)
We isolated a new IDV strain from cattle in Japan with respiratory disease, whose hemagglutinin-esterase-fusion (HEF) gene did not belong to the known phylogenetical lineages. (cdc.gov)
At a herd in Yamagata Prefecture in northern Japan, 15 Holsteins (37.5% of bred cattle in the herd) had respiratory signs develop during January 6-10, 2019 ( Appendix Table 1). (cdc.gov)
Human TB is rarely transmitted to non-humans, avian TB is typically restricted to birds (pigs and occasionally other animals have been found to be susceptible), and bovine TB - or cattle TB - is the most infectious, capable of infecting most mammals. (michigan.gov)
Although bovine TB was once relatively common in cattle in the U.S., it has historically been a very rare disease in wild deer. (michigan.gov)
Bovine parainfluenza 3 viruses (BPI3V) are respiratory pathogens of cattle that cause disease singly but are often associated with bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) in conjunction with other viral and bacterial agents. (biomedcentral.com)
These viruses are respiratory pathogens of cattle. (biomedcentral.com)
Cattle never diagnosed with respiratory challenges have heavier carcasses and more muscle on the rail, meaning a more valuable carcass. (purinamills.com)
Economic effects of bovine respiratory disease on feedlot cattle during backgrounding and finishing phases. (purinamills.com)
CattleMaster GOLD FP 5 is for vaccination of healthy cattle, including pregnant cows, as an aid in preventing abortion caused by infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR, bovine herpesvirus Type 1), persistently infected calves caused by bovine virus diarrhea (BVD) virus Types 1 and 2, and respiratory disease caused by IBR, BVD (Types 1 and 2), parainfluenza-3 (PI-3), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV). (drugs.com)
BRSV is the etiologic agent of a specific viral respiratory disease of cattle of all ages, including nursing calves. (drugs.com)
Blood dendritic cells in cattle infected with bovine leukemia virus (BLV): isolation and phenotyping. (semanticscholar.org)
Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC), or shipping fever, remains the most important health issue facing stocker-cattle producers. (vt.edu)
Next generation sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA gene PCR amplicons (NGS 16S amplicon analysis) is a powerful culture-independent open reference method that has recently been used to increase understanding of BRD-associated bacteria in the upper respiratory tract of BRD cattle. (biomedcentral.com)
US Department of Agriculture authorizes first cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) motif-based immunostimulant shown to effectively reduce Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) associated mortality and lung lesions in cattle / Zelnate® jumpstarts animals' innate immunity, offering an innovative non-antibiotic approach to help mitigate BRD, potentially reducing the need for therapeuticsLeverkusen, Germany, September 3, 2015 - Bayer launched Zelnate®, an innovative immunostimulant for animal health in the United States. (fiercepharma.com)
It is the first cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) motif-based immunostimulant authorized by the US Department of Agriculture that has demonstrated effectiveness in reducing bovine respiratory disease (BRD) associated mortality and lung lesions in cattle. (fiercepharma.com)
1) Indicated to aid in the treatment of BRD due to Mannheimia haemolytica bacteria, Zelnate offers veterinarians and farmers a novel non-vaccine, non-antibiotic approach to help mitigate BRD, a complex infectious disease that has long impacted the cattle industry. (fiercepharma.com)
Administered to cattle at risk of respiratory disease, Zelnate was shown to effectively mitigate BRD by reducing mortality by 88% (1) and lung lesions by 50%(1), potentially reducing the need for therapeutics. (fiercepharma.com)
Cattle - For the treatment of bovine respiratory disease complex (shipping fever complex) and bacterial pneumonia associated with Pasteurella spp. (drugs.com)
SulfaMed™ (sulfadimethoxine) Injection 40% is a low-dosage, rapidly absorbed, long-acting sulfonamide, effective for the treatment of shipping fever complex, bacterial pneumonia, calf diphtheria, and foot rot in cattle. (drugs.com)
We investigated three bovine respiratory pathobionts in healthy cattle using qPCR optimised and validated to quantify Histophilus somni , Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida over a wide dynamic range. (nature.com)
Respiratory disease can affect cattle of any age, but is most commonly seen in calves aged under 6 months, typically while housed or shortly after transportation, hence the clinical terminology 'enzootic pneumonia' or 'shipping fever' 12 . (nature.com)
Furthermore, bovine RSV plays a significant role in bovine respiratory disease complex, the most prevalent cause of morbidity and mortality among feedlot cattle. (mdpi.com)
Publication date: Available online 21 February 2020Source: Research in Veterinary ScienceAuthor(s): Aysun Yilmaz, Sajid Umar, Nuri Turan, Ozge Aydin, H. Emre Tali, Tuba C. Oguzoglu, Huseyin Yilmaz, Juergen A. Richt, Mariette F. DucatezAbstractBovine respiratory infections are the most economically important diseases affecting the cattle industry worldwide including Turkey. (medworm.com)
With the goal of reducing BRD morbidity and mortality in operations, BRD Solutions offers a comprehensive range of BRD management programs from disease prevention to control and treatment of sick cattle when needed. (oklahomafarmreport.com)
Haemorrhagic Septicaemia (HS) is a seasonally occurring acute killer disease of cattle, water buffaloes and pigs and is also suspected to affect camels. (infonet-biovision.org)
In areas where the disease is prevalent, small numbers of healthy animals, cattle and water buffalo carry the bacteria inside the nose and act as reservoir s of infection. (infonet-biovision.org)
In Africa where the disease does not occur every year, all age groups of cattle are affected. (infonet-biovision.org)
Use in cattle for treatment of bacterial pneumonia (shipping fever) and upper respiratory infections. (valleyvet.com)
There are many kinds of viral diseases that cause diarrhea in cattle. (fujipress.jp)
Among them, bovine coronavirus infection and bovine rotavirus infection are known as diseases that frequently occur throughout the world, and whose incidence and numbers of infected cattle are particularly large. (fujipress.jp)
Both viruses cause diarrhea in newborn calves, but bovine coronavirus (BCoV), lead to more economic damage because they also cause a type of diarrhea in adult cattle called winter dysentery (WD) and respiratory disease. (fujipress.jp)
14] M. Hasoksuz, S. L. Lathrop, K. L. Gadfield, and L. J. Saif, "Isolation of bovine respiratory coronaviruses from feedlot cattle and comparison of their biological and antigenic properties with bovine enteric coronaviruses," Am. J. Vet. (fujipress.jp)
There are diseases cattle get where in the past we might have said, 'Well, let's just give an antibiotic, just in case,'" Woolums says. (bovinevetonline.com)
Histophilus somni is a commensal bacteria of mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract and reproductive tract with a global prevalence and is found in cattle and other small ruminants. (wikipedia.org)
Gene set enrichment analysis of SNP data in dairy and beef cattle with bovine respiratory disease. (animalgenome.org)
BHV-1 initiates bovine respiratory disease complex in cattle, manifesting in a wide variety of symptoms resembling a bad cold 8,9 . (jove.com)
Infectious respiratory diseases of cattle are common and major causes of economic and welfare concern globally. (nc3rs.org.uk)
Fresh bovine respiratory tissues obtained from healthy cattle will be used to establish nasal and tracheal organ culture infection models. (nc3rs.org.uk)
Bovine Viral Diarrhea caused by BVD virus, a pestivirus, is an important respiratory, gastrointestinal, ocular, and reproductive tract disease complex of dairy cattle. (omicsonline.org)
Such PI animals are a small percentage of the dairy cattle population, often clinically normal, may survive to adulthood, shed large amounts of BVD virus from bodily secretions throughout their lives, and are the major source of infections in herdmates resulting in clinical disease, abortions, and production losses. (omicsonline.org)
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the most significant complex infectious disease impacting the cattle industry. (thecattlesite.com)
This helps to promote disease resolution, contribute to responsible antibiotic use and promote cattle health and well-being. (thecattlesite.com)
The Department of Agriculture and Fisheries and MLA have developed an innovative cattle vaccine platform targeted at reducing the incidence of bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC). (mla.com.au)
Evaluation of three classification models to predict risk class of cattle cohorts developing bovine respiratory disease within the first 14 days on feed using on-arrival and/or pre-arrival information. (k-state.edu)
Campylobacter prevalence and quinolone susceptibility in feces of preharvest feedlot cattle exposed to enrofloxacin for the treatment of bovine respiratory disease. (k-state.edu)
Mannheimia (formerly Pasteurella ) haemolytica is a Gram-negative coccobacillus that is readily isolated from nasal swabs of domestic ruminants such as cattle, sheep, and goats, where it constitutes the normal flora of the upper respiratory tract ( 2 ). (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) is the most common, and costly, disease in feed yard cattle. (k-state.edu)
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is one of the most significant causes of mortality, ill health, and production losses in young cattle ( 12 , 17 , 18 , 26 ). (asm.org)
It remains common, despite recent advances in chemotherapy, vaccination, and animal management, because of the complexity of infectious agents that can invade the lower respiratory tract ( 2 ) and because of the ubiquity of the stressors that can precipitate disease in cattle production ( 5 , 12 , 13 , 15 , 29 ). (asm.org)
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a challenge to all cattle producers. (marketdataforecast.com)
IBR, which stands for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, is a viral disease primarily of cattle that can affect the respiratory, reproductive, ophthalmic and other body systems. (thefencepost.com)
Nose to nose contact, coughing and sneezing associated with short distance aerosol, and contamination of instruments, equipment, and hands of people treating or handling cattle can all be potential disease transmission events. (thefencepost.com)
When cattle are stressed, the virus can then be released and cause clinical disease. (thefencepost.com)
Bovine Viral Diarrhea is one of the most economically significant diseases in both beef and dairy cattle. (neogen.com)
Diagnosis and management of bovine respiratory disease (BRD), the most significant disease complex in post-weaned beef cattle, relies predominantly upon nonspecific clinical signs. (aabp.org)
Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) is a multi-factorial disease in which numerous factors, such as animal management, pathogen exposure and environmental conditions, contribute to the development of acute respiratory illness in feedlot cattle. (omicsonline.org)
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is responsible for economic losses in cattle production. (bireme.br)
Mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin (LKT) is a known cause of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) which results in severe economic losses in the cattle industry (up to USD 1 billion per year in the USA). (bireme.br)
Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex (BRD) is a multivalent disease of cattle, one segment of which is known as "shipping disease. (freepatentsonline.com)
Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRD) consists of a largely single clinical entity of bronchopneumonia that is usually associated with the assembly of large numbers of especially weaner cattle into a feedlot environment. (up.ac.za)
Although the number of samples from healthy animals was relatively small in this study, it was possible to show that there was a statistically significant association between Mycoplasma isolation and respiratory disease, p = 0,001 and with an odds ratio (OR) of 3,75 in cattle from those feedlots included in the study and thereby proving the hypothesis put forward. (up.ac.za)
Respiratory tract infections caused by Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica, Histophilus somni & Mycoplasma bovis Mixed bacterial infections caused by penicillin and streptomycin sensitive organisms Mixed bacterial infections caused by penicillin and streptomycin sensitive organisms Mycoplasmosis, RTI, UTI, acute & chronic masititis, calf scour, salmonellosis Cattle & Buffalo 8 / kg b.w. ie 4 ml/50kg b.w administered as single dose deep I/M injection. (petsdocbox.com)
Two lineages of influenza D virus (IDV) have been found to infect cattle and promote bovine respiratory disease complex, one of the most commonly diagnosed causes of morbidity and mortality within the cattle industry. (cdc.gov)
Diseases that have plagued cattle ranchers, hog farmers and other livestock and poultry producers for decades, such as Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome - the most economically significant disease to affect U.S. swine production - suddenly would be gone. (agri-pulse.com)
For cattle and swine, it seems all infectious causes of respiratory disease are conveniently lumped into a catch-all category that's fairly easy to remember: BRD (bovine respiratory disease) or SRD (swine respiratory disease). (hobbyfarms.com)
Small ruminants don't suffer from such a large array of respiratory pathogens like cattle and swine, but they have their own handful of causes of some pretty severe pneumonia. (hobbyfarms.com)

Secondly, in a study of Mannheimia haemolytica inoculated calves, I found that no parameter included in physical examinations, or common blood component evaluations could discern health from disease. (k-state.edu)
Two experiments evaluated timing (d 0 vs. 14) of respiratory, clostridial, or both vaccinations in newly received stocker calves during stress-induced immunosuppression. (uark.edu)
It is a complex, bacterial infection that causes pneumonia in calves which can be fatal. (wikipedia.org)
In the absence of vaccination (often because calves are bought unvaccinated), antibiotics can help to stop the bacterial factors of the disease. (wikipedia.org)
Respiratory challenges come with a hefty price tag, but there's an innovative solution to help tackle those calf health challenges head on when weaning calves. (purinamills.com)
Keeping calves healthy means less time and money invested in reacting to respiratory challenges, putting more potential dollars back in producers' pockets. (purinamills.com)
Exposure of those calves to certain virulent BVD virus strains may precipitate BVD-mucosal disease. (drugs.com)
Relationship between serum immunoglobulin values and incidence of respiratory disease in calves. (medigraphic.com)
The frequency, distribution and effects of antibodies to seven putative respiratory pathogens, on respiratory disease and weight gain in feedlot calves in Ontario. (medigraphic.com)
The association between serological evidence of Mycoplasma infection and respiratory disease in feedlot calves. (medigraphic.com)
At this level of disease and with the value of today's stocker calves being $500 to $700, metaphylaxis makes economic sense in most stocker operations to help reduce losses associated with BRDC. (vt.edu)
Calves treated early in the course of the disease will have a much greater chance of responding to treatment than those that are pulled and treated too late. (vt.edu)
However, the most important thing is to evaluate whether sick calves are being identified early in the course of the disease. (vt.edu)
Bovine RSV is a cause of enzootic pneumonia in young dairy calves and summer pneumonia in nursing beef calves. (mdpi.com)
Infection of calves with bovine RSV shares features in common with RSV infection in children, such as an age-dependent susceptibility. (mdpi.com)
This review will summarize available data that provide parallels between bovine RSV infection in neonatal calves and human RSV in infants. (mdpi.com)
a group of diseases of calves caused primarily by viruses, often complicated by secondary bacterial invasion. (thefreedictionary.com)
Calves infected with BVD in utero may be aborted, born malformed or born apparently normal, and like calves infected as neonates, may contract diarrhea, respiratory disease, or neurologic signs. (omicsonline.org)
However, additional "booster" vaccinations should be administered at or near weaning so the immune systems of the calves become even better prepared to fend off actual disease challenges. (nmsu.edu)
With this approach, calves are more capable of handling the stress from weaning and shipping combined with the stress and disease challenge inherent to commingling. (nmsu.edu)
The profile of antibodies against respiratory viruses in calves from Brazilian family farming was firstly described. (bireme.br)
M. bovis has been isolated from bovine pneumonias, arthritis, mastitis, tendosynovitis, genitalia, keratoconjunctivitis and is considered to be the primary pathogen in endemic pneumonia in younger calves. (up.ac.za)
Another way to help prevent these diseases: If you're shipping calves, wean and vaccinate a few weeks prior to shipping so they're not experiencing compounded stressors on the day of shipment. (hobbyfarms.com)

The objective of my research was to generate novel information concerning the epidemiology, diagnosis and prevention of bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC), a common pre-weaning and post-weaning beef calf disease. (k-state.edu)
BRDC is a multi-factorial disease with environmental conditions interacting with multiple viral and bacterial pathogens to produce severe respiratory illness. (edu.au)
Bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine viral diarrhoea virus and bovine parainfluenza virus 3 are three of the major viruses associated with BRDC. (edu.au)
The assay was optimised and validated using cell-culture infected material and bovine clinical samples from BRDC cases. (edu.au)
family Orthomyxoviridae ) is one of the possible bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) causative agents. (cdc.gov)
Factors involved in a Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex (BRDC) diagnosis By Guy Sheppard, DVM The Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory (TVMDL) frequently works on Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) cases. (tamu.edu)
A review of the literature shows a correlation between the diagnosis of BRDC ante-mortem and respiratory lesions at slaughter. (k-state.edu)
The role of specific pathogens in the development of BRDC has been difficult to define because of the complex nature of the disease and the presence of implicated bacterial pathogens in the upper respiratory tract of healthy animals. (omicsonline.org)

Like other pathogens, the viral and bacterial pathogens of this disease complex have co-evolved with their hosts over millions of years. (cambridge.org)
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) has a multifactorial etiology and develops as a result of complex interactions between environmental factors, host factors, and pathogens. (msdvetmanual.com)
We collected 117 samples and screened them for 44 bovine abortive, diarrheal, and respiratory disease complex pathogens by using Dembo polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which is based on TaqMan real-time PCR. (bvsalud.org)
Bovine viral diarrhea virus and bovine enterovirus were the most frequently detected pathogens, especially in flies, suggesting an important role of flies in the transmission of these viruses. (bvsalud.org)
Bacterial pathogens of the bovine respiratory disease complex. (purinamills.com)
BRSV infection, like PI-3, facilitates invasion and replication of other respiratory pathogens. (drugs.com)
Histophilus somni is also a known causative agent that is a part of the Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) complex, which typically involves multiple pathogens residing together in biofilm environments. (wikipedia.org)
Bacterial pathogens that are frequently isolated from clinical cases include Mannheimia haemolytica , Pasteurella multocida , and Histophilus somni , and these species appear to be able to act as primary pathogens insofar as prior invasion by viruses and/or coinfection is not a prerequisite for disease ( 6 , 8 , 22 , 24 ). (asm.org)
Most of the pathogens (harmful agents or germs, such as bacteria and viruses) affecting the bovine respiratory system have envelopes or capsules that make them susceptible to desiccation and ultraviolet light. (thefencepost.com)
BRD is caused by both viral and bacterial pathogens, and more than 20 different viruses and approximately six common bacterial pathogens are associated with the disease. (freepatentsonline.com)
Illustrative viral pathogens include Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD), Parainfluenza 3 (PI-3), and Bovine Respiratory Syncitial Virus (BRSV). (freepatentsonline.com)
It has a multifactorial aetiology and develops as a result of complex interactions between environmental factors, host or animal factors and pathogens. (up.ac.za)
It is often difficult to determine the exact role played by the various pathogens involved in an individual outbreak of disease. (up.ac.za)

Our data suggest that insects (particularly flies), birds, and rodents are potential vectors and reservoirs of abortion, diarrhea, and respiratory infectious agents, and that they may transmit more than one pathogen at the same time. (bvsalud.org)
Vaccines cannot prevent exposure to infectious organisms, but they do increase an animal's ability to fight off an infection or lessen the severity of the disease if it occurs. (aces.edu)
The innate immune system is a natural and potent defense mechanism against infectious diseases. (fiercepharma.com)
Zelnate complements current approaches for BRD and offers an attractive non-antibiotic option that can help address current challenges in the management of this infectious disease. (fiercepharma.com)
It is not a single organism infectious disease. (cattletoday.com)
The Asia-Pacific bovine respiratory disease treatment market has been segmented on the basis of type of treatment into anti-infectious agents, anti-parasiticides, bronchodilators, oral rehydration fluids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatories, and mucolytic. (marketdataforecast.com)
Asmare, Kassahun 2018-02-01 00:00:00 Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) causes infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), and infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IPV) in cows and infectious pustular balanopostitis (IPB) in bulls worldwide. (deepdyve.com)

An initial pathogen (eg, a virus) may alter the animal's defense mechanisms, allowing colonization of the lower respiratory tract by bacteria. (msdvetmanual.com)
However, it has not yet been used to examine the microbiome of the bovine lower respiratory tract. (biomedcentral.com)
Under these conditions, M. haemolytica can be inhaled into the lower respiratory tract and cause severe, and often fatal, pneumonia ( 1 ). (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
The various stresses associated with the feedlot causes a breakdown of the defense mechanisms that normally hold the nasal infections in check, resulting in a rapid proliferation of virulent Mannheimia haemolytica serotype A1 in particular and the spread to the lower respiratory tract. (up.ac.za)

Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) - a re-emerging concern in livestock: a revisit to its biology, epidemiology, diagnosis, and prophylaxis. (springer.com)
Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) is a member of the Herpesviridae family, and Alphaherpesviridae subfamily. (jove.com)
2009). Critical assessment of an in vitro bovine respiratory organ culture system: a model of bovine herpesvirus-1 infection. (nc3rs.org.uk)
Immunity to Bovine Herpesvirus 1: II. (iastate.edu)
Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) infection is widespread and causes a variety of diseases. (iastate.edu)
Although similar in many respects to the human immune response to human herpesvirus 1, the differences in the bovine virus proteins, immune system components and strategies, physiology, and lifestyle mean the bovine immune response to BHV-1 is unique. (iastate.edu)

A third experiment was performed to determine the effects of weaning management and subsequent exposure to persistently infected (PI) bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) challenge on health, performance, bovine viral diarrhea virus titers, peripheral blood leukocytes, and inflammatory cytokines. (uark.edu)
Fifty-seven samples were positive for at least one pathogen, including bovine viral diarrhea virus, bovine enterovirus, Salmonella enterica ser. (bvsalud.org)
Frequency of bovine viral diarrhea virus detected in subpopulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in persistently infected animals and health outcome. (usda.gov)
Bovine diarrhea is one of the major diseases that cause major economic damage to farmers. (fujipress.jp)
Chapter Four presents implications of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) in cell cultures and bioproducts for human and animal health. (novapublishers.com)

And despite improving vaccinations, management practices and genetics, USDA feedlot data shows respiratory challenges aren't decreasing. (purinamills.com)
Additionally, producers who retain ownership could miss out on profit for every respiratory-challenged calf they send to the feedlot. (purinamills.com)
A randomized trial to compare the efficacy of tildipirosin and tulathromycin for initial treatment of bovine respiratory disease in naturally exposed commercial feedlot heifers. (k-state.edu)

IBR and BVD are commonly associated with reproductive and respiratory disease while BRSV and PI-3 are predominantly associated with respiratory disease. (drugs.com)
Clinically, BRSV infection may be indistinguishable from other viral infections associated with the bovine respiratory disease complex. (drugs.com)

More than 10 species of Mycoplasma have been isolated from the bovine respiratory tract, but not all are pathogenic. (up.ac.za)
Respiratory tract infections caused by Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica, Histophilus somni & Mycoplasma bovis Mastitis caused by E.Coli, Staphylococcus spp. (petsdocbox.com)

Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is a pneumoenteric virus that belongs to the species Betacoronavirus 1 (subgenus Embecovirus ) of the Betacoronavirus genus along with wild ruminant CoVs, porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus, equine coronavirus, HCoV-OC43, HECoV-44, and canine respiratory coronavirus ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
This paper will outline bovine coronavirus infection and describe BCoV characteristics that have been reported so far. (fujipress.jp)
7] B. Schultze, H. J. Gross, R. Brossmer, and G. Herrler, "The S protein of bovine coronavirus is a hemagglutinin recognizing 9-Oacetylated sialic acid as a receptor determinant," J. Virol. (fujipress.jp)
9] D. Yoo and D. Deregt, "A single amino acid change within antigenic domain II of the spike protein of bovine coronavirus confers resistance to virus neutralization," Clin. (fujipress.jp)
As the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) global pandemic rages across the globe, the race to prevent and treat this deadly disease has led to the "off-label" repurposing of drugs such as hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir, which have the potential for unwanted QT-interval prolongation and a risk of drug-induced sudden cardiac death. (bvsalud.org)

It has long been recognised that Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is an important pathogen causing chronic pulmonary infection in immunocompetent individuals 1 and that the incidence of the disease has increased recently in Japan 2 and other countries 1 , 3 . (ersjournals.com)
Human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV-3) is an airborne pathogen that infects the epithelial cells of the respiratory tract. (semanticscholar.org)
M. haemolytica is the principal bacterial pathogen in the bovine respiratory disease complex ( 19 , 58 ). (asm.org)
However, the bacterial pathogen that is most commonly associated with the acute, severe form of the disease, and that is readily isolated from lung lesions, is M. haemolytica ( 1 ). (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
When involved with the respiratory system, this viral pathogen is part of the bovine shipping fever complex, targeting the upper respiratory system. (thefencepost.com)
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is often attributed to complex interactions between the host, pathogen, and the environment. (bvsalud.org)
in BRD complex as a primary or secondary pathogen remains controversial. (up.ac.za)

Bovine respiratory tract disease is a multi-factorial disease complex involving several viruses and bacteria. (cambridge.org)
Because of the number of possible viral/bacterial precursors to BRD, there are a number of treatment options circling around the three main aggravators of the disease: Viruses, Bacteria, and Stress. (wikipedia.org)
Proposed causes include respiratory viruses and bacteria, trauma to the trachea from feed bunks, passive congestion and edema from excessive fat accumulation in the thoracic inlet, hypersensitivity reactions, and mycotoxins. (merckvetmanual.com)
Modified live vaccines (MLV) contain a small amount of virus or bacteria that has been altered so that it does not cause clinical disease when used according to product label directions. (aces.edu)
Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious disease caused when bacteria attack the respiratory system. (michigan.gov)
Bacteria released into the air through coughing and sneezing can spread the disease to uninfected animals. (michigan.gov)
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is caused by growth of single or multiple species of pathogenic bacteria in lung tissue following stress and/or viral infection. (biomedcentral.com)
Histophilus somni is a normal part of mucosal microflora in the upper respiratory and genital tract of bovine and ovine animals, yet, under the right conditions is one of multiple bacteria responsible for causing bovine respiratory disease. (wikipedia.org)
Under normal conditions BRD complex bacteria symbiotically reside together in biofilm environments. (wikipedia.org)
This will be compared to tissue infected with respiratory bacteria or viruses to determine any changes caused by the infection. (nc3rs.org.uk)
Several bacteria, including Mannheimia haemolytica and numerous viruses, contribute to what is commonly referred to as bovine respiratory disease complex. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
The problem comes when the number of viruses and bacteria contaminating this area overwhelms the animal's ability to remove them from the upper respiratory tract. (thefencepost.com)
Inhalation is thought to be the most common form of transmission, but one cannot ignore the potential of oral contamination with the viruses and bacteria potentially affecting the bovine respiratory system. (thefencepost.com)

While most uncomplicated acute infections are subclinical, they can cause respiratory disease characterized by cough, fever and nasal discharge. (biomedcentral.com)
Respiratory BCV infections can be fatal if the animal is also exposed to stress factors (eg transportation, corticosteroids, infection with other viruses). (vetstream.com)
Aqueous Suspension 300,000 u) Contains 300,000 units procaine penicillin G per ml for treatment of diseases sensitive to penicillin, such as foot rot, pneumonia, wound infections, etc. (valleyvet.com)
Bovine respiratory disease is complex arising from the interaction of a number of contributing factors including physical stresses and bacterial and viral infections. (nc3rs.org.uk)
This Project Grant aims to develop an in vitro culture system to replace live animals used in the study of bovine respiratory infections. (nc3rs.org.uk)
Immune suppression caused by the virus potentiates secondary infections and contributes to the costly bovine respiratory disease complex. (iastate.edu)
Erosions and ulcers in the upper respiratory tract, notably the trachea, are the pathological hallmark of BHV-1 infections. (thefencepost.com)

Use to treat bovine respiratory disease complex, bacterial pneumonia, foot rot, and calf diphtheria. (valleyvet.com)
This invention also relates to the novel use of interferon in low dosages to prevent and treat bovine respiratory disease complex. (google.com)

Chapter Five reviews the different mechanisms associated with BVDV infection, by which BVDV triggers an impairment of the immune response, with special emphasis on its implication in the development of bovine respiratory disease complex (BRD). (novapublishers.com)
While those animals generally recover, they do present significant economic losses to the producer, particularly since BVDV has been shown to be a part of the 'shipping fever' respiratory disease complex. (neogen.com)

However, disease recognition was aided by the measurement of the number of steps taken by a calf in a 24 hour period. (k-state.edu)
Start by monitoring calf health and the impact of respiratory challenges on your operation. (purinamills.com)
Add an extra $30 for time and money to doctor the calf, 4 and each respiratory-challenged calf can cost approximately $90. (purinamills.com)
Even the best calf health management can be infiltrated by respiratory challenges. (purinamills.com)
Epidemiological studies of calf respiratory disease in a large commercial veal unit. (medigraphic.com)
This includes shipping fever syndrome, mucosal disease, enzootic calf pneumonia , acute respiratory distress syndrome, hemorrhagic syndrome and atypical interstitial pneumonia (Apley, 2006). (thefreedictionary.com)
The National Animal Disease Information Service says calf pneumonia is a complex disease which affects many Welsh livestock farms at this time of the year. (thefreedictionary.com)
14. The method of claim 13 wherein the bovine is a calf. (freepatentsonline.com)

Pneumonia (non-human) Pasteurellosis The name "shipping fever" is also sometimes used for related diseases affecting livestock including sheep, goats, and horses. (wikipedia.org)
Bacterial Pneumonia and Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex (Shipping Fever Complex) (Pasteurella spp. (cattletoday.com)
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD, pneumonia, shipping fever) due to Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida and Haemophilus somnus. (cattletoday.com)

Entry of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus into porcine alveolar macrophages via receptor-mediated endocytosis. (semanticscholar.org)

M. haemolytica serovar A1 is known as a particularly common bacterial cause of the disease. (wikipedia.org)
Likewise, we have reported that Mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin (LKT) causes gross morphological changes in mitochondria of bovine lymphoblastoid cells (BL-3 cells), consistent with mitochondrial dysfunction ( 4 ). (asm.org)
Live animals are required to research both mechanisms by which M. haemolytica causes disease and how to counter the infection by either vaccination or by antimicrobials. (nc3rs.org.uk)
The three groups of animals treated with gamithromycin before challenge had significantly lower lung M. haemolytica counts and fewer clinical signs of respiratory disease than did the saline-treated group. (asm.org)
The administration of gamithromycin 1, 5, and 10 days prior to M. haemolytica A1 challenge resulted in a reduction in bacterial isolation from the lungs and a reduction in the severity of clinical disease. (asm.org)

Bovine TB is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) which is part of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. (michigan.gov)

Influenza D virus (IDV) can potentially cause respiratory diseases in livestock. (cdc.gov)
Phylogenetic trees for the 7 nucleotide genomic segments of D/bovine/Yamagata/1/2019 (arrow), an influenza D virus of a new phylogenetic lineage, Japan. (cdc.gov)
Bovine vaccines currently contain BPI3V to provide protection against the virus, but there is no current information regarding the BPI3V strains that are circulating in the U.S. (biomedcentral.com)
Based on virus neutralization using polyclonal antisera, there were antigenic differences between viruses from these genotypes and the BPI3Va viruses that are included in currently marketed bovine vaccines. (biomedcentral.com)
Bovine parainfluenza type 3 virus (BPI3V) is a member of the Paramyxoviridae , genus Respirovirus . (biomedcentral.com)
Mutations during the Adaptation of H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus to the Respiratory Epithelium of Pigs Enhance Sialic Acid Binding Activity and Virulence in Mice. (nih.gov)
Expression of viral microRNAs in serum and white blood cells of cows exposed to bovine leukemia virus. (usda.gov)
PI-3 virus usually localizes in the upper respiratory tract, causing elevated temperature and moderate nasal and ocular discharge. (drugs.com)
Influenza D virus (IDV) could play an important role to trigger bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex. (medworm.com)
There has also been a lot of discussion about Swine and avian flu - virus diseases that have become epidemics, but for which descriptions may come in later issues of this file. (infonet-biovision.org)
IBR is a herpes virus, more specifically now known as BHV-1 (bovine herpes virus, class 1). (thefencepost.com)
Unlike many other virus species, the BVD virus can infect a bovine fetus in utero by crossing the placental barrier. (neogen.com)
Horses are the third major mammalian species, along with humans and swine, long known to be subject to acute upper respiratory disease from influenza A virus infection. (flu.org.cn)
Influenza A virus nucleoprotein (NP) is a structural component that encapsulates the viral genome into the form of ribonucleoprotein complexes (vRNPs). (flu.org.cn)
The foundation for each vaccination approach discussed below is the administration a 7- or 8-way clostridial vaccine at 2 to 3 months of age (branding), plus a modified-live virus (MLV) vaccine given at the same time for viruses commonly associated with bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex. (nmsu.edu)

The diagnosis of the disease is complex since there are multiple possible causes. (wikipedia.org)
Laboratory test descriptions for bovine respiratory disease diagnosis and their strengths and weaknesses: Gold standards for diagnosis, do they exist? (wikipedia.org)
The diagnosis and management of MAC lung disease is therefore becoming a matter of increasing concern among respiratory physicians. (ersjournals.com)
The present authors previously reported the usefulness of a serological test for diagnosis of MAC lung disease with a glycopeptidolipid (GPL) core antigen that was used for enzyme immunoassay 4 . (ersjournals.com)
The sensitivity and specificity of the test for diagnosing MAC lung disease were 92.5 and 95.1%, respectively, for immunoglobulin (Ig)A. Combining this serodiagnostic test with the criteria advocated by the American Thoracic Society (ATS) for nontuberculous mycobacterial respiratory disease in 1997 7 facilitated easier and more rapid definitive diagnosis of MAC lung disease. (ersjournals.com)
To confirm the diagnosis, a veterinary surgeon will take samples of tissue from blood, lung, liver and spleen and send these to a laboratory to determine the organism that has caused the disease. (infonet-biovision.org)
Veritas DVM offers a comprehensive course on Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex for Veterinary Professionals that focuses on diagnosis, treatment and management of BRD Complex. (socialbookmarkssite.com)

LA-200 is effective in the treatment of a wide range of diseases, including pinkeye, footrot and pneumonia. (valleyvet.com)
Sheep and goats with this type of pneumonia are very sick animals and can quickly succumb to the disease, even if provided treatment in the form of IV fluids and antibiotics. (hobbyfarms.com)
Again, like with many of these serious respiratory diseases in farm animals, the key is prevention, and there are vaccinations against these types of pneumonia in small ruminants. (hobbyfarms.com)

One in five head 1 is affected by respiratory challenges costing the beef industry about $1 billion annually 2,3 . (purinamills.com)
My recent research is primarily focused on applying epidemiologic approaches to generate industry-relevant knowledge that is used to address complex and contemporary problems in the beef industry. (k-state.edu)

Immunostimulants offer game-changing potential in the livestock industry, as they enable an animal to help itself, potentially reducing the incidence of disease and the need for antibiotics. (fiercepharma.com)

Coronaviruses are known to infect a wide range of mammalian and avian species causing remarkably diverse disease syndromes. (frontiersin.org)
Coronaviruses infect a wide diversity of mammalian and avian species causing respiratory, enteric, neurologic and hepatic disorders ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
This position paper outlines the procedures and reviews scientific options to solve challenges for the determination of specific CBPs for animal species, drug substances and disease conditions. (frontiersin.org)
To better understand the changing landscape of risk of human exposure to disease agents transmitted by I. scapularis and I. pacificus, and to document changes in their recorded distribution over the past two decades, we updated the distribution of these species from a map published in 1998. (cdc.gov)

The clinical syndrome is the same with any of the viruses: fever, increased respiratory rate, hacking cough, overloud breath sounds on auscultation of the lungs. (thefreedictionary.com)

Contagious and rife with complications, these diseases are fortunately easily prevented with a good vaccination program. (hobbyfarms.com)
But, have no fear-this disease is easily preventable by vaccination as well. (hobbyfarms.com)

Severity of disease is influenced by a number of factors including dose, age of animal, type of husbandry. (vetstream.com)
Observations from research studies and clinical experience have indicated that the presence of mycoplasmas increases the severity of respiratory disease. (up.ac.za)

So what is the upper respiratory tract? (thefencepost.com)

Coronaviruses (CoVs) possess the largest and most complex RNA genome (up to 32 kb) that encodes for 16 non-structural proteins regulating RNA synthesis and modification. (frontiersin.org)
A marker was selected as a proxy for each gene within the bovine genome. (animalgenome.org)

The blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say, is the primary vector to humans in the eastern United States of the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, as well as causative agents of anaplasmosis and babesiosis. (cdc.gov)

Influenza and other respiratory viruses 4(1):7-15. (nc3rs.org.uk)
Influenza and rhinopneumonitis (usually referred to as "rhino") are two common respiratory viral diseases in horses. (hobbyfarms.com)

The present authors have previously reported the usefulness of a serodiagnostic test to detect serum glycopeptidolipid (GPL) core antibody in diagnosing Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) lung disease in immunocompetent patients. (ersjournals.com)
The present results document that the levels of immunoglobulin A antibody against glycopeptidolipid core correlate with the chest computed tomography findings of Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease. (ersjournals.com)

The aim of the present study was to investigate correlations between the levels of antibody against GPL core and chest computed tomography (CCT) findings in patients with MAC lung disease. (ersjournals.com)
The present authors examined the usefulness of the GPL serodiagnostic test in immunocompetent patients with lung disease and found that MAC lung disease could be clearly differentiated from colonisation with MAC and from lung diseases caused by either M. tuberculosis or M. kansasii . (ersjournals.com)
and 3) no predisposing lung disease. (ersjournals.com)

Non-cervid animals on the other hand do not develop the disease as extensively and lesions are usually not found in lungs or other tissues. (michigan.gov)
Although clinical signs typically are mild, PI-3 infection weakens respiratory tissues. (drugs.com)
In contrast, animals that received a sham DNA vaccine (n = 12) had no detectable neutralizing antibodies against IDV, and viral RNA was readily detectable in respiratory tract tissues after intranasal challenge [3 x 10(5) TCID50] with IDV D/OK (n = 6) or D/660 (n = 6). (cdc.gov)

however, the label will always specify which diseases and microorganisms the vaccine provides protection against. (aces.edu)
If a vaccine is used correctly, whether it is modified live, killed, or chemically altered, it will increase an animal's resistance to disease, but each type of vaccine does have its limitations as well. (aces.edu)

The 21st century epidemics of severe acute respiratory CoV (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory CoV and the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic further highlight these characteristics and emphasize the relevance of CoVs to the global public health. (frontiersin.org)

In North America, vaccines are used to prevent or reduce clinical signs, whereas in some European Union countries marker vaccines have been employed in the eradication of BHV-1 disease. (iastate.edu)

There are three types of TB - human, avian, and bovine. (michigan.gov)

This is anecdotal but I used the Inforce 3 to provide respiratory protection and so far (knock on wood), I have only had some mild cases of snotty nose and just slight rattle in nasal cavity. (cattletoday.com)
An extremely contagious bacterial infection, this disease classically presents as copious thick nasal discharge and massively swollen lymph nodes around the throat. (hobbyfarms.com)
High fevers in excess of 104 degrees F are very indicative of this disease complex but, curiously, cough and nasal discharge are frequently absent. (hobbyfarms.com)

Anatomy1

Organisms10

Diseases9

Chemicals and Drugs5

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment5

Phenomena and Processes3

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Humanities2

Health Care3

Geographicals1

Javelin diagrams: applications in veterinary medical decision analysis. (1/41)

Influence of breed, heterozygosity, and disease incidence on estimates of variance components of respiratory disease in preweaned beef calves. (2/41)

Diseases and pathogens associated with mortality in Ontario beef feedlots. (3/41)

Bovine respiratory disease in feedlot cattle: phenotypic, environmental, and genetic correlations with growth, carcass, and longissimus muscle palatability traits. (4/41)

Source of dietary lipid may modify the immune response in stressed feeder cattle. (5/41)

A comparison of 2 vaccination programs in feedlot calves at ultra-high risk of developing undifferentiated fever/bovine respiratory disease. (6/41)

Microbiological and histopathological findings in cases of fatal bovine respiratory disease of feedlot cattle in Western Canada. (7/41)

Effects of commingling beef calves from different sources and weaning protocols during a forty-two-day receiving period on performance and bovine respiratory disease. (8/41)

Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex

Mannheimia haemolytica

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

Sulfadimethoxine

Pneumonia of Swine, Mycoplasmal

Pasteurellaceae Infections

Cattle Diseases

Cattle

Mycoplasma bovis

Respiratory Tract Diseases

Pneumonia of Calves, Enzootic

Pasteurella multocida

Carbofuran

Tylosin

Thiamphenicol

Pest Control

Pasteurella Infections

Parainfluenza Virus 3, Bovine

Coronavirus, Bovine

Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Bovine

Weaning

Remote Sensing Technology

Animal Feed

Poaceae

Weight Gain

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena

Random Allocation

Animal Husbandry

Foot Rot

Governing Board

Wit and Humor as Topic

Diagnosis, Oral

Cartoons as Topic

Foot

Javelin diagrams: applications in veterinary medical decision analysis. (1/41)

Influence of breed, heterozygosity, and disease incidence on estimates of variance components of respiratory disease in preweaned beef calves. (2/41)

Diseases and pathogens associated with mortality in Ontario beef feedlots. (3/41)

Bovine respiratory disease in feedlot cattle: phenotypic, environmental, and genetic correlations with growth, carcass, and longissimus muscle palatability traits. (4/41)

Source of dietary lipid may modify the immune response in stressed feeder cattle. (5/41)

A comparison of 2 vaccination programs in feedlot calves at ultra-high risk of developing undifferentiated fever/bovine respiratory disease. (6/41)

Microbiological and histopathological findings in cases of fatal bovine respiratory disease of feedlot cattle in Western Canada. (7/41)

Effects of commingling beef calves from different sources and weaning protocols during a forty-two-day receiving period on performance and bovine respiratory disease. (8/41)

Epidemiology, diagnosis, and prevention of bovine respiratory disease complex

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Project : USDA ARS