OrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsInformation Science
Botulinum AntitoxinBotulismAntitoxinsDrugs, InvestigationalBotulinum ToxinsBotulinum Toxins, Type AClostridium botulinumTetanus AntitoxinDiphtheria AntitoxinNeuromuscular AgentsEncyclopedias as TopicClostridiumClostridium botulinum type E
Botulinum Antitoxin
Antiserum given therapeutically in BOTULISM.
Botulism
A disease caused by potent protein NEUROTOXINS produced by CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM which interfere with the presynaptic release of ACETYLCHOLINE at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION. Clinical features include abdominal pain, vomiting, acute PARALYSIS (including respiratory paralysis), blurred vision, and DIPLOPIA. Botulism may be classified into several subtypes (e.g., food-borne, infant, wound, and others). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1208)
Antitoxins
Antisera from immunized animals that is purified and used as a passive immunizing agent against specific BACTERIAL TOXINS.
Drugs, Investigational
Drugs which have received FDA approval for human testing but have yet to be approved for commercial marketing. This includes drugs used for treatment while they still are undergoing clinical trials (Treatment IND). The main heading includes drugs under investigation in foreign countries.
Botulinum Toxins
Toxic proteins produced from the species CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM. The toxins are synthesized as a single peptide chain which is processed into a mature protein consisting of a heavy chain and light chain joined via a disulfide bond. The botulinum toxin light chain is a zinc-dependent protease which is released from the heavy chain upon ENDOCYTOSIS into PRESYNAPTIC NERVE ENDINGS. Once inside the cell the botulinum toxin light chain cleaves specific SNARE proteins which are essential for secretion of ACETYLCHOLINE by SYNAPTIC VESICLES. This inhibition of acetylcholine release results in muscular PARALYSIS.
Botulinum Toxins, Type A
A serotype of botulinum toxins that has specificity for cleavage of SYNAPTOSOMAL-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 25.
Clostridium botulinum
A species of anaerobic, gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae that produces proteins with characteristic neurotoxicity. It is the etiologic agent of BOTULISM in humans, wild fowl, HORSES; and CATTLE. Seven subtypes (sometimes called antigenic types, or strains) exist, each producing a different botulinum toxin (BOTULINUM TOXINS). The organism and its spores are widely distributed in nature.
Tetanus Antitoxin
An antitoxin used for the treatment of TETANUS.
Diphtheria Antitoxin
An antitoxin produced against the toxin of CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIAE that is used for the treatment of DIPHTHERIA.
Neuromuscular Agents
Drugs used for their actions on skeletal muscle. Included are agents that act directly on skeletal muscle, those that alter neuromuscular transmission (NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKING AGENTS), and drugs that act centrally as skeletal muscle relaxants (MUSCLE RELAXANTS, CENTRAL). Drugs used in the treatment of movement disorders are ANTI-DYSKINESIA AGENTS.
Encyclopedias as Topic
Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)
Clostridium
A genus of motile or nonmotile gram-positive bacteria of the family Clostridiaceae. Many species have been identified with some being pathogenic. They occur in water, soil, and in the intestinal tract of humans and lower animals.
Clostridium botulinum type E
Subtype of CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM that produces botulinum toxin type E which is neurotoxic to humans and animals.

Detection of Clostridium botulinum toxin by local paralysis elicited with intramuscular challenge. (1/45)

Clostridium botulinum toxin can be identified by a characteristic, acute local paralysis that follows its injection into the gastrocnemius ("calf" muscle) of mice. The local botulism can be elicited with slightly less than one-tenth the toxin amount that is needed to kill mice by the intraperitoneal (i.p.) challenge route. The practical sensitivities of the intramuscular (i.m.) versus i.p. tests are about equal, however, because maximum sample volume injectable i.m. is 0.1 ml as compared to the 0.5-ml range that can be given i.p. i.m. injection of 10 or more mouse i.p. mean lethal doses causes paralysis in about 1 h, and an i.m. injection of about 0.5 i.p. mean lethal doses causes paralysis in 3 to 4 h. Toxin neutralization by homologous type of antitoxin only can be demonstrated with an incubated mixture of toxin and antitoxin. Although not as convenient as the i.p. method for routine use to detect botulinum toxin, the i.m. method has characteristics which could make it a useful supplement to the presently accepted i.p. procedure.  (+info)

Infant botulism. (2/45)

Although the worldwide incidence of infant botulism is rare, the majority of cases are diagnosed in the United States. An infant can acquire botulism by ingesting Clostridium botulinum spores, which are found in soil or honey products. The spores germinate into bacteria that colonize the bowel and synthesize toxin. As the toxin is absorbed, it irreversibly binds to acetylcholine receptors on motor nerve terminals at neuromuscular junctions. The infant with botulism becomes progressively weak, hypotonic and hyporeflexic, showing bulbar and spinal nerve abnormalities. Presenting symptoms include constipation, lethargy, a weak cry, poor feeding and dehydration. A high index of suspicion is important for the diagnosis and prompt treatment of infant botulism, because this disease can quickly progress to respiratory failure. Diagnosis is confirmed by isolating the organism or toxin in the stool and finding a classic electromyogram pattern. Treatment consists of nutritional and respiratory support until new motor endplates are regenerated, which results in spontaneous recovery. Neurologic sequelae are seldom seen. Some children require outpatient tube feeding and may have persistent hypotonia.  (+info)

Botulism. (3/45)

Botulism is a rare disease with 4 naturally occurring syndromes: foodborne botulism is caused by ingestion of foods contaminated with botulinum toxin, wound botulism is caused by Clostridium botulinum colonization of a wound and in situ toxin production, infant botulism is caused by intestinal colonization and toxin production, and adult intestinal toxemia botulism is an even rarer form of intestinal colonization and toxin production in adults. Inhalational botulism could result from aerosolization of botulinum toxin, and iatrogenic botulism can result from injection of toxin. All forms of botulism produce the same distinct clinical syndrome of symmetrical cranial nerve palsies followed by descending, symmetric flaccid paralysis of voluntary muscles, which may progress to respiratory compromise and death. The mainstays of therapy are meticulous intensive care (including mechanical ventilation, when necessary) and timely treatment with antitoxin.  (+info)

Wound botulism acquired in the Amazonian rain forest of Ecuador. (4/45)

Wound botulism results from colonization of a contaminated wound by Clostridium botulinum and the anaerobic in situ production of a potent neurotoxin. Between 1943, when wound botulism was first recognized, and 1990, 47 laboratory-confirmed cases, mostly trauma-associated, were reported in the United States. Since 1990, wound botulism associated with injection drug use emerged as the leading cause of wound botulism in the United States; 210 of 217 cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention between 1990 and 2002 were associated with drug injection. Despite the worldwide distribution of Clostridium botulinum spores, wound botulism has been reported only twice outside the United States, Europe, and Australia. However, wound botulism may go undiagnosed and untreated in many countries. We report two cases, both with type A toxin, from the Ecuadorian rain forest. Prompt clinical recognition, supportive care, and administration of trivalent equine botulinum antitoxin were life-saving.  (+info)

Project BioShield: what it is, why it is needed, and its accomplishments so far. (5/45)

Project BioShield is a comprehensive effort involving the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), its component agencies, and other partner federal agencies to speed the research, development, acquisition, and availability of medical countermeasures to improve the government's preparedness for and ability to counter chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear threat agents. The legislation authorizes use of the Special Reserve Fund, which makes available $5.6 billion over 10 years for the advanced development and purchase of medical countermeasures. This appropriation is intended to provide an economic incentive to the pharmaceutical industry to develop medical countermeasures for which the government is the only significant market. Acquisitions under Project BioShield are restricted to products in development that are potentially licensable within 8 years from the time of contract award. In exercising the procurement authorities under Project BioShield, HHS has launched acquisition programs to address each of the 4 threat agents, including Bacillus anthracis (anthrax), smallpox virus, botulinum toxins, and radiological/nuclear agents, originally deemed by the Department of Homeland Security to be threats to the US population sufficient to affect national security. At the time of writing, 7 contracts have been awarded: (1) recombinant protective antigen anthrax vaccine, the next-generation anthrax vaccine (contract terminated in December 2006 for default); (2) anthrax vaccine adsorbed, the currently licensed anthrax vaccine; (3) anthrax therapeutics (monoclonal); (4) anthrax therapeutics (human immune globulin); (5) the pediatric formulation of potassium iodide; (6) Ca- and Zn-diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (DTPA), chelating agents to treat ingestion of certain radiological particles; and (7) botulinum antitoxins. Additional acquisition contracts are expected to be awarded in 2007.  (+info)

Characterization of new formalin-detoxified botulinum neurotoxin toxoids. (6/45)

 (+info)

Neutralization of botulinum neurotoxin by a human monoclonal antibody specific for the catalytic light chain. (7/45)

 (+info)

Bowel loops and eyelid droops. (8/45)

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Application of spectroscopy of organic chemisttry by Brand, Eglinton - MARiNA KOLLER Book Archive
The patient was treated with mechanical ventilation and trivalent (A,B,E) equine botulinum antitoxin. Type A toxin was detected in the beans and so was presumably responsible for the symptoms. He made a slow recovery over the next three months. Botulism in the arctic For many years, epidemics of illness have been described in which fish or meat products are responsible. This is relatively common in the Arctic, where over 200 outbreaks have been reported since the early 1900s, with an overall fatality rate of about 20%. Recently, hepatitis B virus sequences have been found to be integrated into the liver cell genome in some, but not all, patients with chronic hepatitis or primary hepatocellular carcinoma. This evidence has identified hepatitis B virus as a major etiological factor for primary hepatocellular carcinoma in certain populations, particularly in Taiwan and the Peoples Republic of China. Some epidemiological studies have suggested that aflatoxin poses no detectable independent ...
http://www.marina-koller.com/epub/application-of-spectroscopy-of-organic-chemisttry
Search | European Centre for Disease Prevention and ControlSearch | European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
This report analyses the availability and effectiveness of different types of antitoxins to neutralise type F botulism. A literature review was performed in consultation with the European Medicines Agency. ...
https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/search?f%5B0%5D=diseases%3A95&f%5B1%5D=geo%3A485&f%5B2%5D=output_types%3A1298&%3Bf%5B1%5D=output_types%3A2845
The Unspoken Horror Of Adult Acne ~ Good Health InformationThe Unspoken Horror Of Adult Acne ~ Good Health Information
However, foods which are high in refined sugar, trans-fatty acid (milk products) oxidized fatty acids (fried oils) and synthetically hydrogenated vegetable oil contents may not cause acne but are definitely not very good for your health, and so an excess of these foods should be avoided. You can be infected with intestinal toxemia if your diet is low on fiber and essential vitamins and high on these contents. The result of glut of toxins may show on your skin ...
http://good-health-information.blogspot.com/2007/02/unspoken-horror-of-adult-acne.html
First Case of Infant Botulism Caused by Clostridium baratii Type F in California | Journal of Clinical MicrobiologyFirst Case of Infant Botulism Caused by Clostridium baratii Type F in California | Journal of Clinical Microbiology
The bioassay of the stool extract identified a heat-labile toxin that was neutralized only by type F monovalent botulinum antitoxin (Table 1). The directly inoculated stool culture plates revealed heavy growth of lecithinase-positive colonies in almost pure culture on egg yolk agar and slightly beta-hemolytic colonies on sheep blood agar after 24 h of incubation. No growth was observed on botulinum selective medium at 72 h. Nonproteolytic growth was evident at 24 h in both broth culture tubes. Filtrate from a pure culture of the lecithinase-positive organism, like the stool extract, tested positive for botulinum toxin type F. Test results from additional subsequent stool specimens confirmed the finding (Table 1). Biochemical characterization and 16S rRNA sequencing, together with the culture and bioassay results, identified the organism as Clostridium baratii type F. The patient received supportive care but was not treated intravenously with botulism immune globulin (human) (commercially known ...
https://jcm.asm.org/content/43/8/4280
Progress Toward the Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Chaetoglobin A Selec by Carilyn TorruellasProgress Toward the Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Chaetoglobin A Selec by Carilyn Torruellas
The chaetoglobins are a structurally unique class of azaphilone alkaloid dimers with reported anticancer activity. They are also a potential platform for the development of antibacterial and botulinum antitoxin. Notably, this class of compounds has not been synthesized to date. Chaetoglobin A (1) and B (2) were originally isolated from the endophytic fungus Chaetomium globosum.1 Chaetoglobin A has been shown to be potentially active against human colon and breast cancer. However, the bioactivity of chaetoglobin B has not been studied due lack of material, suggesting the need of further research. The main goal of this project is the design and optimization of a synthetic route for chaetoglobin natural products. Achiral phenol coupling has been studied for many years; however, the regioselective methods reported to date are substrate-dependent and limited in scope. - Previously, we developed a regio- and enantioselective method for oxidative phenol coupling applying a series of bimetallic and monomeric
https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/1474/
Wound Botulism -- California, 1995Wound Botulism -- California, 1995
During January-November 1995, a total of 19 laboratory-confirmed cases of wound botulism were reported to the California Department of Health Services (CDHS); of these, 13 had occurred since August. Since 1990, the number of wound botulism cases reported annually in California has increased steadily (one case in 1990, two in 1991, three in 1992, four in 1993, and 11 in 1994). All cases except one since 1991 have occurred in injecting-drug users, and many involved subcutaneous injection or skin popping of black tar heroin. This report summarizes the findings of the investigation of two cases. Case 1 On September 23, a 44-year-old male user of black tar heroin developed an abscess on his right arm, which was treated unsuccessfully with cephelexin and ciprofloxacin; on September 29, the abscess was incised and drained. On October 1, he was examined at a local emergency department (ED) because of slurred speech and was released. On October 3, he sought care in the ED of a community hospital in ...
https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00039732.htm
Notes from the Field: Botulism Outbreak Associated with Home-Canned Peas - New York City, 2018 | MMWRNotes from the Field: Botulism Outbreak Associated with Home-Canned Peas - New York City, 2018 | MMWR
In June 2018, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene investigated an outbreak of botulism among three related, adult women, which was traced to ingestion of home-canned peas. Botulinum antitoxin was administered and all three patients survived but required prolonged intensive care and rehabilitation.
https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/68/wr/mm6810a5.htm?s_cid=mm6810a5_w
Wound botulism in injection drug users: time to antitoxin correlates w by Steven R. Offerman MD, Melissa Schaefer MD et al.Wound botulism in injection drug users: time to antitoxin correlates w by Steven R. Offerman MD, Melissa Schaefer MD et al.
Offerman, S., Schaefer, M., Thundiyil, J., Cook, M., & Holmes, J. (2009). Wound botulism in injection drug users: time to antitoxin correlates with intensive care unit length of stay. The Western Journal Of Emergency Medicine, 10(4), 251-256.. ...
https://scholarlyworks.lvhn.org/emergency-medicine/36/
Cortical recovery of swallowing function in wound botulism | BMC Neurology | Full TextCortical recovery of swallowing function in wound botulism | BMC Neurology | Full Text
In this study we observed an increase of insula activation and involvement of the PPC conjoint with decreased activation of the somatosensory system during self-paced swallowing in a patient suffering from severe dysphagia due to botulism intoxication. A second measurement after clinical recovery showed cortical swallowing processing in the primary and secondary sensorimotor system as well as declined insula activation comparable to the results of a group of healthy control subjects.. To distinguish whether the changed swallowing behaviour is altering brain activation or whether cortical changes are driving the altered behaviour a slow swallowing task was performed by one of the control subjects. This imitation of impaired swallowing behaviour resulted in a slight increase of EMG power, while wavelet and SAM results where comparable to those in the normal swallowing task. We therefore conclude that the changed behaviour in deglutition alone cannot explain the observed changes in cortical ...
https://bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2377-8-13
SWISS-MODEL Template Library | 3n7l.1
SWISS-MODEL Template Library (SMTL) entry for 3n7l.1. Crystal structure of botulinum neurotoxin serotype D/C VPI 5993 binding domain
https://swissmodel.expasy.org/templates/3n7l
therapeutic | HBAT
Over the previous 10 years the wellness industry has made super strides in supplying shoppers with innovative wellness companies and merchandise. From wearables, sensible watches and braces, inclusion of behavioural economics and good put on; its undoubtedly imperative to notice wellness trends have grow to be more client oriented and designed in direction of assembly consumer needs. The inclusion of wellness programmes in medical aid schemes and life insurance is a huge stepping stone in the precise path of selling prevention of non communicable ailments(NCDs).However worth delivered by wellness programmes in firm settings and medical aid schemes has been questionable to certain sections of the South African corporate landscape resulting in gradual adoption. For instance within the United States, which operates underneath a mixed market health care system, some physicians may voluntarily limit their observe to secondary care by requiring patients to see a main care provider first, or this ...
http://www.hbat.ga/tag/therapeutic
Patent US20050031626 - Binding agents with differential activity - Google PatentsPatent US20050031626 - Binding agents with differential activity - Google Patents
Binding agents with differential activity can be provided, whereby certain activities of a first part of the binding agent are reduced or prevented until binding to a target occurs. This is useful if the binding agent is intended to bind both an effector cell and a target to be destroyed, because the effector cell can be protected from significant cell damage that might otherwise occur (e.g. due to premature activation of complement and/or ADCC). Such binding agents are useful in the treatment of cancer, for example.
http://www.google.com/patents/US20050031626?dq=6272333
BotulismBotulism
The paralysis and respiratory failure that occur with botulism may require a patient to be on a breathing machine (ventilator) for weeks, plus intensive medical and nursing care. The paralysis slow improves, usually over several weeks. If diagnosed early, foodborne and wound botulism can be treated with an antitoxin from horse serum which blocks the action of toxin circulating in the blood. This can prevent patients from worsening, but recovery still may take many weeks. ...
https://www.co.monroe.mi.us/officials_and_departments/departments/emergency_management/botulism.php
Welcome to the Infant Botulism Treatment and Prevention ProgramWelcome to the Infant Botulism Treatment and Prevention Program
For clinical consultation for a patient with suspected infant botulism, the patients physician should contact the Infant Botulism Treatment and Prevention Program (IBTPP) on-call physician at (510) 231-7600 (24/7/365). To obtain BabyBIG® for a patient with suspect infant botulism, the physician must contact the IBTPP on-call physicians ...
http://infantbotulism.org/physician/obtain.php
Infant Botulism - American Family PhysicianInfant Botulism - American Family Physician
Although the worldwide incidence of infant botulism is rare, the majority of cases are diagnosed in the United States. An infant can acquire botulism by ingesting Clostridium botulinum spores, which are found in soil or honey products. The spores germinate into bacteria that colonize the bowel and synthesize toxin. As the toxin is absorbed, it irreversibly binds to acetylcholine receptors on motor nerve terminals at neuromuscular junctions. The infant with botulism becomes progressively weak, hypotonic and hyporeflexic, showing bulbar and spinal nerve abnormalities. Presenting symptoms include constipation, lethargy, a weak cry, poor feeding and dehydration. A high index of suspicion is important for the diagnosis and prompt treatment of infant botulism, because this disease can quickly progress to respiratory failure. Diagnosis is confirmed by isolating the organism or toxin in the stool and finding a classic electromyogram pattern. Treatment consists of nutritional and respiratory support until new
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2002/0401/p1388.html
Toxins | Free Full-Text | sRNA Antitoxins: More than One Way to Repress a ToxinToxins | Free Full-Text | sRNA Antitoxins: More than One Way to Repress a Toxin
Bacterial toxin-antitoxin loci consist of two genes: one encodes a potentially toxic protein, and the second, an antitoxin to repress its function or expression. The antitoxin can either be an RNA or a protein. For type I and type III loci, the antitoxins are RNAs; however, they have very different modes of action. Type I antitoxins repress toxin protein expression through interacting with the toxin mRNA, thereby targeting the mRNA for degradation or preventing its translation or both; type III antitoxins directly bind to the toxin protein, sequestering it. Along with these two very different modes of action for the antitoxin, there are differences in the functions of the toxin proteins and the mobility of these loci between species. Within this review, we discuss the major differences as to how the RNAs repress toxin activity, the potential consequences for utilizing different regulatory strategies, as well as the confirmed and potential biological roles for these loci across bacterial species.
http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/6/8/2310
Mixed Gas-Gangrene Antitoxin (Gas-Gangrene Antitoxin Novyi; Gas-Gangrene Antitoxin Perfringens...)Mixed Gas-Gangrene Antitoxin (Gas-Gangrene Antitoxin Novyi; Gas-Gangrene Antitoxin Perfringens...)
Mixed Gas-Gangrene Antitoxin information about active ingredients, pharmaceutical forms and doses, Mixed Gas-Gangrene Antitoxin indications, usages and related health products lists
http://drugs-about.com/drugs-m/mixed-gas-gangrene-antitoxin.html
Infant BotulismInfant Botulism
Infant botulism can occur when a newborn ingests bacteria that produce toxins inside the body. Its very rare and most babies who do get botulism recover fully.
https://www.brennerchildrens.org/KidsHealth/Parents/Infections/Bacterial-and-Viral-Infections/Infant-Botulism.htm?__t=610
Infant BotulismInfant Botulism
Infant botulism can occur when a newborn ingests bacteria that produce toxins inside the body. Its very rare and most babies who do get botulism recover fully.
http://kidshealth.org/LAWW/en/parents/botulism.html
Infant Botulism: Three Cases in a Small Town | JAMA Pediatrics | JAMA NetworkInfant Botulism: Three Cases in a Small Town | JAMA Pediatrics | JAMA Network
• Through Dec 31, 1985, there have been six cases of infant botulism reported in Colorado. Three of these infants have lived in the same town of 800 people in w
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/article-abstract/513119
ACC - Antitoxin Containing Cell | AcronymAtticACC - Antitoxin Containing Cell | AcronymAttic
How is Antitoxin Containing Cell abbreviated? ACC stands for Antitoxin Containing Cell. ACC is defined as Antitoxin Containing Cell very rarely.
https://www.acronymattic.com/Antitoxin-Containing-Cell-
SOG System Kits for Motorhomes or Caravans Type F - 25328 Buy SECURELYSOG System Kits for Motorhomes or Caravans Type F - 25328 Buy SECURELY
SOG System Kits for Motorhomes or Caravans Type F (25328) by SOG - SOG Toilet Kits for Motorhomes Caravans Type F This SOGKit is for a Thetford C250 Series Toilet Cassette System NoteThe image above shows a SOGType F...
https://www.outdoorbits.com/sog-system-kits-for-motorhomes-or-caravans-type-p-2217.html
Publications & Data | European Centre for Disease Prevention and ControlPublications & Data | European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
At the request of the European Commission, ECDC performed a risk assessment after six cases of wound botulism were reported in Norway among people who had injected heroin. As this is an ongoing problem, some relevant measures are proposed for consideration by other EU/EEA Member States. ...
https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data?f%5B0%5D=diseases%3A95&
ICD-9 Code 040.41 -Infant botulism- Codify by AAPCICD-9 Code 040.41 -Infant botulism- Codify by AAPC
ICD-9 code 040.41 for Infant botulism is a medical classification as listed by WHO under the range - OTHER BACTERIAL DISEASES (030-041).
https://www.aapc.com/codes/icd9-codes/040.41
Infant Botulism: Clinical Spectrum and Epidemiology | American Academy of PediatricsInfant Botulism: Clinical Spectrum and Epidemiology | American Academy of Pediatrics
Between 1977 and 1979, 12 cases of infant botulism were diagnosed in Utah, and 87 control patients (normal, nonbotulism neurologic disease, and nonbotulism systemic disease) were evaluated. Observations from these patients suggest an expanded clinical spectrum of infant botulism including asymptomatic carriers of organism; mild hypotonia and failure to thrive; typical cases with constipation, bulbar weakness, and hypotonia; and children with a picture compatible with sudden infant death syndrome. Clostridium botulinum was isolated from the stools of three normal control infants and nine control infants who had neurologic diseases that were clearly not infant botulism. These infants were termed asymptomatic carriers of the organism. The occurrence of the asymptomatic carrier state suggests that a diagnosis of infant botulism cannot be made on a basis of culture results alone, but must rest in historical documentation and physical confirmation of progressive bulbar and extremity weakness with ...
https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/66/6/936.long
Novel antitoxin agents - Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts UniversityNovel antitoxin agents - Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University
Many toxin-mediated diseases are treated using antitoxin therapies. Typically, antitoxins are the antisera obtained from large animals immunized with inactivated toxin. More recently, antitoxin therapies for some toxin-mediated diseases, such as our treatment for Shiga toxins, contain antitoxin monoclonal Abs (mAbs). Antisera and mAbs can be difficult to produce economically at scale, usually require long development times and often have problematic quality control, shelf-life and safety issues.. The Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health is developing a novel alternative antitoxin platform employing VHH-based therapeutic agents called VHH-based neutralizing agents (VNAs) that may radically change current approaches to antitoxin therapies. The departments antitoxin strategy should permit rapid development and commercialization of safe, effective antitoxin products with low development and production costs and long shelf lives. VNAs can incorporate multiple different linked VHHs that ...
https://vet.tufts.edu/department-of-infectious-disease-and-global-health/research/bacterial-toxin-mediated-diseases/novel-antitoxins/
Project: Immuno-PCR for the detection of Clostridium botulinum toxins in animals, feed and milkProject: Immuno-PCR for the detection of Clostridium botulinum toxins in animals, feed and milk
The objective of the project is the development of in vitro detection methods for the different toxins (A, B, C, D, E and F) of Clostridium botulinum by optimizing both a competitive immuno-PCR test (icqPCR) and a quantitative immuno-PCR (iqPCR) and by comparing one to another with regard to the obtained specificity and sensitivity of detection for each type of botulinum toxin as well as to compare them to the reference method for detection of botulinum toxins being the mice toxicity test ...
https://biblio.ugent.be/project/160V4508
Botulism in the United States: A Clinical and Epidemiologic Review | Annals of Internal Medicine | American College of...Botulism in the United States: A Clinical and Epidemiologic Review | Annals of Internal Medicine | American College of...
Botulism is caused by a neurotoxin produced from the anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Botulism in humans is usually caused by toxin types A, B, and E. Since 1973, a median of 24 cases of foodborne botulism, 3 cases of wound botulism, and 71 cases of infant botulism have been reported annually to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). New vehicles for transmission have emerged in recent decades, and wound botulism associated with black tar heroin has increased dramatically since 1994. Recently, the potential terrorist use of botulinum toxin has become an important concern.. Botulism is characterized by symmetric, descending, flaccid paralysis of motor and autonomic nerves, usually beginning with the cranial nerves.Blurred vision, dysphagia, and dysarthria are common initial complaints. The diagnosis of botulism is based on compatible clinical findings; history of exposure to suspect foods; and supportive ancillary testing to rule out other causes of ...
http://annals.org/aim/article-abstract/711596/botulism-united-states-clinical-epidemiologic-review?volume=129&issue=3&page=221
A Three Monoclonal Antibody Combination Potently Neutralizes M...A Three Monoclonal Antibody Combination Potently Neutralizes M...
A Three Monoclonal Antibody Combination Potently Neutralizes Multiple Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype E Subtypes.: Human botulism is most commonly caused by botul
https://www.mysciencework.com/publication/show/three-monoclonal-antibody-combination-potently-neutralizes-multiple-botulinum-neurotoxin-serotype-e-subtypes-73ccd1ef
A severe case of infant botulism caused by Clostridium botulinum type A with concomitant intestinal viral infections. - PubMed...A severe case of infant botulism caused by Clostridium botulinum type A with concomitant intestinal viral infections. - PubMed...
PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15170567?dopt=Abstract
Study examines recurrent wound botulism in injection ... ( Botulism is a rare disease and recur...)Study examines recurrent wound botulism in injection ... ( Botulism is a rare disease and recur...)
Health, ...Botulism is a rare disease and recurrent botulism even more rare. How...From 1993 through 2006 17 injection drug users were identified within... Recurrent cases suggest that exposure to botulism due to injection dr...Dr. Vugia added If these near death experiences do not change behavi...,Study,examines,recurrent,wound,botulism,in,injection,drug,users,medicine,medical news today,latest medical news,medical newsletters,current medical news,latest medicine news
http://www.bio-medicine.org/medicine-news-1/Study-examines-recurrent-wound-botulism-in-injection-drug-users-79605-1/
Lebeda2008 - BoTN Paralysis (4 step model)Lebeda2008 - BoTN Paralysis (4 step model)
BioModels is a repository of freely-available mathematical models of biological and biomedical systems. It hosts a vast selection of physiologically and pharmaceutically relevant mechanistic models in standard formats.
http://biomodels.caltech.edu/BIOMD0000000178
Botulism Symptoms, Prevention, Treatment, Outbreaks & TypesBotulism Symptoms, Prevention, Treatment, Outbreaks & Types
Read about outbreaks of botulism poisoning, causes (Clostridium botulinum toxin), symptoms (muscle paralysis, dry mouth, constipation), history, treatment, and types (foodborne, infant, wound). The botulinum toxin is one of the most lethal known substances.
https://www.medicinenet.com/botulism/article.htm
NATURE OF ACTION OF KOCH ANTITOXIN - William F. Koch, Ph. D., M. D.NATURE OF ACTION OF KOCH ANTITOXIN - William F. Koch, Ph. D., M. D.
When written, the Professor requested that his name be omitted due to concern for reprisal.. Glyoxylide and associated antitoxins act catalytically, yet the substances themselves are readily oxidized because of the unsaturated double bond linkages, and that is what makes them effective. In this latter respect, the substances differ from true catalysts and enzymes, which are not used up in the process of reaction. It appears as though these antitoxins are so to speak highly combustible in the metabolism of animals and their oxidation, therefore can occur at the low oxidative levels which obtain in the sick organism. By analogy, they would have a lower kindling temperature. And once these metabolites burst into flame, a great release of energy and radiation occurs which spreads like wildfire to toxic substances, which are then burned in their turn. This oxidation then continues from cell to cell in the body in all directions, from many centers of dispersal, operating like a continues ...
https://williamfkoch.com/colleages-publications-1940-1959/nature-of-action-of-koch-antitoxin/
Is there an antitoxin for our human slothfulness? - Disney Employee Engagement SpeakerIs there an antitoxin for our human slothfulness? - Disney Employee Engagement Speaker
What if it read, The antitoxin for human slothfulness?. The more people ignore this, the more people will ignore this.. Why?. Because we can hide behind, Look around, Im just like everyone else.. Next Blog. ...
https://www.lane8.org/leaving-a-trail-for-our-son/ever-think-like-this/is-there-an-antitoxin-for-our-human-slothfulness/
JOHN TILDEN TOXEMIA EXPLAINED PDF
JOHN TILDEN TOXEMIA EXPLAINED PDF - Toxemia Explained: The True Interpretation of the Cause of Disease () i Dr, JohnH, Tilden TOXEMIA EXPLAINED REVISED EDITION THE TRUE of nature to his
https://www.thewavebroadbeach.com/john-tilden-toxemia-explained-58/
What is the treatment for toxemia? | Answers from Doctors | HealthTapWhat is the treatment for toxemia? | Answers from Doctors | HealthTap
Dr. Leto Quarles answered: Delivery: Toxemia is only relieved or cured with the delivery of the baby. If toxemia develops befor...
https://www.healthtap.com/questions/156177-what-is-the-treatment-for-toxemia/
DE1495023A1 - Process for the production of polyesters - Google Patents
B22C1/2233-Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of organic agents of resins or rosins obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds ...
https://patents.google.com/patent/DE1495023A1/en
My dog is really itchy and anals are full. | Ask A VetMy dog is really itchy and anals are full. | Ask A Vet
Hi Dr Marie, Recall my email a couple of weeks ago about Max and his itchiness. Symptoms: - Nips at fore arm, forelegs, thi...
http://www.askavetquestion.com/answer_np.php?id=2398-itchy-dog
Grasshopper from Brazil - Whats That Bug?Grasshopper from Brazil - Whats That Bug?
In november 2011, I sent some photos of an immature grasshopper 2011/11/24/immature-grasshopper-from-brazil/ which Karl believes it could be Zoniopoda tarsata. This mature one that my friend Paulo found, looks a lot like the image he sent us a link http://www.faunaparaguay.com/Zoniopoda%20tarsata%20PROCOSARA%20david%20gill%2026%20march%2008.jpg. I noticed little differences in the forelegs, but I still believe this must be a subspecies of Z. tarsata ...
https://www.whatsthatbug.com/2012/02/22/grasshopper-from-brazil/
Conquer Club • View topic - Which skill is sexiest?Conquer Club • View topic - Which skill is sexiest?
Definition: Lifting the front forelegs off of the ground while balancing on the back legs. Can be a reaction to being startled or hurt, insecurity, fear, or a lack of exercise. Rearing is dangerous as horses can topple backwards ...
https://www.conquerclub.com/forum/viewtopic.php?p=3946718
Patente US7507419 - Topically applied Clostridium botulinum toxin compositions and treatment methods - Google PatentesPatente US7507419 - Topically applied Clostridium botulinum toxin compositions and treatment methods - Google Patentes
Hyperactive glandular conditions are treated using topically formulated botulinum toxin compositions. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, topical botulinum preparations are applied directly to the skin by a patient as needed to suppress his or her hyperhidrosis, bromhidrosis, chromhidrosis, nevus sudoriferous, acne, seborrhiec dermatitis or other glandular condition. In other embodiments, topical botulinum toxins are applied with the aid of mechanical, electrical, and/or chemical transdermal delivery enhancers.
http://www.google.es/patents/US7507419?hl=es&dq=flatulence
Infant Botulism and Raised Intraocular PressureInfant Botulism and Raised Intraocular Pressure
Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus | Infant botulism is an exceedingly rare disease. Because confirmatory laboratory testing is not available for several days after time of presentation, infant botulism remains a clinical diagnosis. The authors demonstrate how raised intraocular pressure may provide an additional clinical clue to making the diagnosis.
https://www.healio.com/ophthalmology/journals/jpos/2011-11-48-6/%7B8a3d1c24-1b1c-470c-9cf1-4577efc9f622%7D/infant-botulism-and-raised-intraocular-pressure
Normal antitoxin | definition of normal antitoxin by Medical dictionaryNormal antitoxin | definition of normal antitoxin by Medical dictionary
Looking for online definition of normal antitoxin in the Medical Dictionary? normal antitoxin explanation free. What is normal antitoxin? Meaning of normal antitoxin medical term. What does normal antitoxin mean?
https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/normal+antitoxin
Go to Botulism.Go to Botulism.
Two other forms of botulism also have occurred. Adult intestinal botulism is very rare and occurs among adults by the same route as infant botulism. Iatrogenic botulism is also very rare and can occur as a complication from injecting botulism toxin for cosmetic or medical purposes.. Who gets botulism?. Anyone can get botulism with about 200 cases reported in the United States each year. Most cases involve infant botulism which occurs in babies younger than 12 months old. Infant botulism has been associated with honey, a natural product that can contain botulism spores. Foodborne botulism can occur after eating home-canned, preserved or fermented foods that are contaminated with toxin. Foods with low acid content (e.g., asparagus, green beans, beets, corn, and potatoes) are the most common sources of home-canning related botulism. Wound botulism can occur more often in people who inject drugs or who have open wounds that are exposed to soil or gravel. Iatrogenic botulism is rare but can occur ...
http://www.vdh.virginia.gov/epidemiology/epidemiology-fact-sheets/botulism/
anti-Clostridium botulinum Toxin A antibody [B364M] | GeneTexanti-Clostridium botulinum Toxin A antibody [B364M] | GeneTex
Clostridium botulinum Toxin A antibody [B364M] for ELISA, ICC/IF, RIA. Anti-Clostridium botulinum Toxin A mAb (GTX44113) is tested in Clostridium botulinum samples. 100% Ab-Assurance.
http://www.genetex.com/Clostridium-botulinum-Toxin-A-antibody-B364M-GTX44113.html
Honey & Infant Botulism | A and A Bee RemovalHoney & Infant Botulism | A and A Bee Removal
Honey & Infant Botulism, A and A Bee Removal, Bee, Yellowjacket and Wasp Education and Safety, Articles, Honey Recipes, Bee FAQs, Bee Photos, Privacy Policy, Contact Us, Site Map
http://aandabeeremoval.com/HoneyBotulBabies.html
War on Bacteria: Canada: Smoked fish recalled due to possible Clostridium botulinum.War on Bacteria: Canada: Smoked fish recalled due to possible Clostridium botulinum.
Food contaminated with Clostridium botulinum toxin may not look or smell spoiled but can still make you sick. Symptoms can include nausea, vomiting, fatigue, dizziness, blurred or double vision, dry mouth, respiratory failure and paralysis. In severe cases of illness, people may die. ...
http://waronbacteria.blogspot.com/2015/07/canada-smoked-fish-recalled-due-to.html
Toxins | Free Full-Text | Emerging Opportunities for Serotypes of Botulinum NeurotoxinsToxins | Free Full-Text | Emerging Opportunities for Serotypes of Botulinum Neurotoxins
Background: Two decades ago, botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) type A was introduced to the commercial market. Subsequently, the toxin was approved by the FDA to address several neurological syndromes, involving muscle, nerve, and gland hyperactivity. These syndromes have typically been associated with abnormalities in cholinergic transmission. Despite the multiplicity of botulinal serotypes (designated as types A through G), therapeutic preparations are currently only available for BoNT types A and B. However, other BoNT serotypes are under study for possible clinical use and new clinical indications; Objective: To review the current research on botulinum neurotoxin serotypes A-G, and to analyze potential applications within basic science and clinical settings; Conclusions: The increasing understanding of botulinal neurotoxin pathophysiology, including the neurotoxins effects on specific neuronal populations, will help us in tailoring treatments for specific diagnoses, symptoms and patients. Scientists and
http://mdpi.com/2072-6651/4/11/1196/xml
Welcome to CDC stacks | Extraction and Inhibition of Enzymatic Activity of Botulinum Neurotoxins/A1, /A2, and /A3 by a Panel of...Welcome to CDC stacks | Extraction and Inhibition of Enzymatic Activity of Botulinum Neurotoxins/A1, /A2, and /A3 by a Panel of...
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are extremely potent toxins that are capable of causing death or respiratory failure leading to long-term intensive care. Treatment includes serotype-specific antitoxins, which must be administered early in the course of the intoxication. Rapidly determining human exposure to BoNT is an important public health goal. In previous work, our laboratory focused on developing Endopep-MS, a mass spectrometry-based endopeptidase method for detecting and differentiating BoNT/A-G serotypes in buffer and BoNT/A, /B, /E, and /F in clinical samples. We have previously reported the effectiveness of antibody-capture to purify and concentrate BoNTs from complex matrices, such as clinical samples. Because some antibodies inhibit or neutralize the activity of BoNT, the choice of antibody with which to extract the toxin is critical. In this work, we evaluated a panel of 16 anti-BoNT/A monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for their ability to inhibit the in vitro activity of BoNT/A1, /A2, and ...
https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/4269
HAMILTON & DISTRICT BUDGERIGAR & CAGE BIRD SOCIETY INC.
Botulism is a blood poisoning caused by bacteria known as Clostridium botulism. Ingestion of the toxin produced by the bacteria gives rise to the disease known as botulism. It is not an infection but a poisoning caused by the metabolic by-products of the bacteria. The toxin is possibly produced in living animals but normally in rotting food, carcasses or other organic material and is often carried by maggots; it is primarily a disease of warmer climates where conditions are favorable for the organisms to multiply and produce the botulinal toxin. Man and probably all warm-blooded animals are susceptible to some degree. Certain species are more likely to suffer than others on account of their feeding habits. Some birds such as vultures, which eat rotting carcasses or its associated maggots, appear to be relatively resistant. Waterfowl are most commonly affected, becoming poisoned in hot weather when the bacteria in the mud of stagnant ponds produce large quantities of the toxin. Clinical Signs: ...
http://www3.sympatico.ca/davehansen/injury.html
ICD-9 Diagnosis Code 040.41 Infant botulismICD-9 Diagnosis Code 040.41 Infant botulism
Diagnosis Code 040.41 information, including descriptions, synonyms, code edits, ICD-10 conversion and references to the diseases index.
https://icdlist.com/icd-9/040.41
Outbreak of Type A Botulism and Development of a Botulism Surveillance and Antitoxin Release System in Argentina | Infectious...Outbreak of Type A Botulism and Development of a Botulism Surveillance and Antitoxin Release System in Argentina | Infectious...
ContextBotulism is an important public health problem in Argentina, but obtaining antitoxin rapidly has been difficult because global supplies are limited. In
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/189362
Horse Antitoxins or Horse Vaccinations - Expert advice on horse care and horse riding
Before you give that tetanus shot you picked up at the livestock store to your horse, make sure you check the label. It could either be antitoxin or vaccine. Do
https://www.equisearch.com/articles/horse-antitoxins-or-horse-vaccinations
June 2017 - Progress in the Preclinical Discovery and Clinical Development of PI3K inhibitors
subtype A4 neurotoxin (BoNT/A4) is naturally expressed in the dual-toxin-producing strain 657Ba in 100 lower titers than BoNT/B. the clostridial appearance system. Comparative analyses of the actions of rBoNT/A4-L260F and rBoNT/A4 I264R demonstrated 1, 000-fold-lower activity than BoNT/A1 in both nonmutated and mutated BoNT/A4. This indicates these mutations usually do not alter the experience of BoNT/A4 holotoxin. In conclusion, a recombinant BoNT from a dual-toxin-producing stress was purified and portrayed within an endogenous clostridial appearance program, allowing analysis of the toxin. Launch Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) will be the most poisonous chemicals known and so are produced by specific types. ...
http://www.health-ground.com/2017/06/
PROFESSOR DUNBARS ANTITOXIN TREATMENT OF HAY FEVER: A DISCLAIMER | The BMJ
Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.. NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.. ...
https://www.bmj.com/content/1/2212/1235.1?change_country=1
Proteins which are synthesized by blood to protect body from nucleic acids and toxins of invading organismProteins which are synthesized by blood to protect body from nucleic acids and toxins of invading organism
✅ Answered - [interferon] [antitoxins] [antigens] [Both a and b] are the options of mcq question Proteins which are synthesized by blood to protect body from nucleic acids and toxins of invading organism realted topics topics with 0 Attempts, 0 % Average Score, 0 Topic Tagged and 0 People Bookmarked this question which was asked on May 03, 2019 05:36
https://foxoyo.com/mcq/159246/proteins-which-are-synthesized-by-blood-to-protect-body-from-nucleic-acids-and-toxins-of-invading-organism
Heptavalent botulism antitoxinHeptavalent botulism antitoxin
"Investigational Heptavalent Botulinum Antitoxin (HBAT) to Replace Licensed Botulinum Antitoxin AB and Investigational Botulinum ... the CDC replaced the licensed bivalent botulinum antitoxin AB (BAT-AB) and the investigational monovalent botulinum antitoxin E ... This action left BAT as the only botulinum antitoxin available in the US for naturally occurring non-infant botulism. On March ... "HBAT (botulinum antitoxin, heptavalent) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more". reference.medscape.com. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heptavalent_botulism_antitoxin
Project Bioshield ActProject Bioshield Act
According to the report, BARDA has acquired: 107,000 doses of an antitoxin for Clostridium botulinum (a decrease from the full ... Botulism treatments, as well, including 107,560 doses of Botulinum Antitoxin Therapeutic from Cangene. It ordered 200,000 doses ... To June 2013, eight medical countermeasures (MCM) against anthrax, smallpox, botulinum toxin and radiological threats have been ... an antidote to botulinum toxin, and better treatments for exposure to chemical and radiological weapons. Gibbs, W. Wayt ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Bioshield_Act
Botulinum toxinBotulinum toxin
... botulinum antitoxin is derived from equine sources using whole antibodies. The second antitoxin is heptavalent botulinum ... Botulinum antitoxin is available and may be used to prevent the worsening of symptoms, though it will not reverse existing ... This antitoxin is effective against all main strains of botulism. Botulinum toxin exerts its effect by cleaving key proteins ... Two preparations of botulinum antitoxins are available for treatment of botulism. Trivalent (serotypes A, B, E) ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botulinum_toxin
Texas Biomedical Research InstituteTexas Biomedical Research Institute
Developed vaccines, antibodies and antitoxins for deadly agents of bioterrorism such as Ebola, botulinum neurotoxins, and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_Biomedical_Research_Institute
BotulismBotulism
The second antitoxin, heptavalent (A,B,C,D,E,F,G) botulinum antitoxin, is derived from "despeciated" equine IgG antibodies ... Botulinum antitoxin consists of antibodies that neutralize botulinum toxin in the circulatory system by passive immunization. ... In adults, a trivalent antitoxin containing antibodies raised against botulinum toxin types A, B, and E is used most commonly; ... Trivalent (A,B,E) botulinum antitoxin is derived from equine sources utilizing whole antibodies (Fab and Fc portions). In the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botulism
Theilers diseaseTheiler's disease
... tetanus antitoxin, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium botulinum, Streptococcus equi subspecies equi, Equine influenza, Equine ... Eight horses that had received prophylactic botulinum antitoxin and developed subsequent signs of Theiler's disease were ... When TDAV was found, the original source of virus (the antitoxin) was injected into 4 additional healthy horses, with one ... It is seen almost exclusively in adult horses, and lactating broodmares given tetanus antitoxin post foaling may be more ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theiler's_disease
Biomedical Advanced Research and Development AuthorityBiomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority
Emergent also developed the only FDA-licensed botulinum antitoxin, Heptavalent Botulism Antitoxin (BAT) for treating naturally ... Botulism is caused by the botulinum toxin, one of the deadliest known toxins. While the bacteria that cause botulism occur ... BARDA also supported the development of the antitoxins Anthrasil of Cangene (March 2015 FDA approval) and Anthim of Elusys ... BARDA maintains a supply of botulism antitoxins through the Strategic National Stockpile (SNS). As of June, seven companies had ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomedical_Advanced_Research_and_Development_Authority
ATC code J06ATC code J06
J06AA01 Diphtheria antitoxin J06AA02 Tetanus antitoxin J06AA03 Snake venom antiserum J06AA04 Botulinum antitoxin J06AA05 Gas- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATC_code_J06
List of MeSH codes (D12.776)List of MeSH codes (D12.776)
... antitoxins MeSH D12.776.377.715.548.114.301.138 - antivenins MeSH D12.776.377.715.548.114.301.268 - botulinum antitoxin MeSH ... D12.776.377.715.548.114.301.438 - diphtheria antitoxin MeSH D12.776.377.715.548.114.301.849 - tetanus antitoxin MeSH D12.776. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D12.776)
List of MeSH codes (D12.776.124)List of MeSH codes (D12.776.124)
... antitoxins MeSH D12.776.124.486.485.114.301.138 - antivenins MeSH D12.776.124.486.485.114.301.268 - botulinum antitoxin MeSH ... botulinum antitoxin MeSH D12.776.124.486.485.114.573.601.438 - diphtheria antitoxin MeSH D12.776.124.486.485.114.573.601.849 - ... antitoxins MeSH D12.776.124.790.651.114.301.138 - antivenins MeSH D12.776.124.790.651.114.301.268 - botulinum antitoxin MeSH ... D12.776.124.486.485.114.301.438 - diphtheria antitoxin MeSH D12.776.124.486.485.114.301.849 - tetanus antitoxin MeSH D12.776. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D12.776.124)
Clostridium botulinumClostridium botulinum
As no antitoxin to type H is yet available, discovered in 2013 and by far the deadliest, details are kept under shroud. A few ... botulinum), and wound botulism (infection of a wound with C. botulinum). C. botulinum produces heat-resistant endospores that ... C. botulinum is a diverse group of pathogenic bacteria initially grouped together by their ability to produce botulinum toxin ... This has led to the reclassification of C. botulinum type G strains as a new species, C. argentinense. Group I C. botulinum ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_botulinum
List of foodborne illness outbreaks in the United StatesList of foodborne illness outbreaks in the United States
Out of 324 soup cans, five of them were found to be contaminated with botulinum toxin, all in the initial batch of vichyssoise ... 28 persons were hospitalized, and 20 patients were treated with an antitoxin. 12 patients required ventilatory support and 1 ... All patients were hospitalized and 33 received trivalent botulinal antitoxin. There were two deaths. Botulism (Type A ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_foodborne_illness_outbreaks_in_the_United_States
United States biological defense programUnited States biological defense program
... the botulinum toxicoses, and anthrax; Antitoxins for diseases such as botulism; Human immune globulin preparations (passive ... The products included diagnostic reagents and procedures, drugs, vaccines, toxoids, and antitoxins. Emphasis is placed on ... an antidote to botulinum toxin, and better treatments for exposure to chemical and radiological weapons. This was a ten-year ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_biological_defense_program
Raymond Alexander KelserRaymond Alexander Kelser
At the Army Medical School he developed a test for Clostridium botulinum toxin in canned foods. He worked in Harvard from 1933 ... He worked on an anthrax vaccine apart from tetanus antitoxins. In 1918 he was inducted into the Veterinary Corps as a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Alexander_Kelser
ExotoxinExotoxin
Well-known exotoxins include: botulinum toxin produced by Clostridium botulinum; Corynebacterium diphtheriae toxin, produced ... In such cases, antitoxin, anti-serum containing antibodies, can sometimes be injected to provide passive immunity. Many ... These retain their antigenic specificity and can be used to produce antitoxins and, in the case of diphtheria and tetanus ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exotoxin
Oligoclonal antibodyOligoclonal antibody
... botulinum neurotoxins, Clostridium difficile toxins). Many pathogens show increasing resistance to currently available drugs, ... "Protection Against Clostridium difficile Infection With Broadly Neutralizing Antitoxin Monoclonal Antibodies". The Journal of ... "A three monoclonal antibody combination potently neutralizes multiple botulinum neurotoxin serotype F subtypes". PLOS ONE. 12 ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligoclonal_antibody
NeurotoxinNeurotoxin
Botulinum toxin (BTX) is a group of neurotoxins consisting of eight distinct compounds, referred to as BTX-A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H, ... Due to its high toxicity, BTX antitoxins have been an active area of research. It has been shown that capsaicin (active ... Similar to botulinum toxin, Cltx has been shown to possess significant therapeutic value. Evidence has shown that Cltx can ... Though assisted ventilation may increase the chance of survival after TTX exposure, there is currently no antitoxin. The use of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotoxin
Clostridium baratiiClostridium baratii
As opposed to the classic cause of botulism, C. botulinum, its environmental source is unknown. Therefore, it is unclear how to ... Newborns can recover spontaneously or as in two known cases improve with injected botulism antitoxin. As of 2015[update], the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_baratii
TetanusTetanus
In such cases, it can be given with or without tetanus immunoglobulin (also called tetanus antibodies or tetanus antitoxin). It ... Foran P, Shone CC, Dolly JO (December 1994). "Differences in the protease activities of tetanus and botulinum B toxins revealed ... In 1897, Edmond Nocard showed that tetanus antitoxin induced passive immunity in humans, and could be used for prophylaxis and ... Porter JD, Perkin MA, Corbel MJ, Farrington CP, Watkins JT, Begg NT (1992). "Lack of early antitoxin response to tetanus ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetanus
Ida A. BengtsonIda A. Bengtson
Historical notes on botulism, Clostridium botulinum, botulinum toxin, and the idea of the therapeutic use of the toxin. ... She is also known for preparing, during 1935-1936, the standard for gas gangrene toxins and anti-toxins. One of Bengtson's ... Bengtson's scientific achievement was also in the study of an organism called Clostridium botulinum, which causes a paralytic ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ida_A._Bengtson
Loch Maree Hotel botulism poisoningLoch Maree Hotel botulism poisoning
Botulinum toxin was found in the remains of a wild duck paste, and samples were sent to the distinguished microbiologist Bruce ... In addition, anti-toxins were made more easily available and packaging of preserved food was changed to allow easier ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loch_Maree_Hotel_botulism_poisoning
AntiserumAntiserum
In order to find the moment when most antitoxins in the blood cells of the horses is produced, frequent blood samples were ... and botulinum. However, these were not widely used. In 1984, Milstein and Köhler won a Nobel Prize for their paper that ... The most common use of antiserum in humans is as antitoxin or antivenom to treat envenomation. Serum therapy, also known as ... he discovered that the body continually produces an antitoxin, which prevents survivors of infections from being infected again ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiserum
Clostridium tetaniClostridium tetani
In 1897, Edmond Nocard showed that tetanus antitoxin induced passive immunity in humans, and could be used for prophylaxis and ... This cluster includes other pathogenic Clostridium species such as C. botulinum and C. perfringens. The closest relative to C. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_tetani
ToxinToxin
... -antitoxin system Harper, Douglas. "toxin". Online Etymology Dictionary. "toxin - Definition from the Merriam-Webster ... such as botulinum toxin). Toxins are largely secondary metabolites, which are organic compounds that are not directly involved ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxin
2014 Ju-Jitsu World Championships2014 Ju-Jitsu World Championships
The 2014 Ju-Jitsu World Championship were the 12th edition of the Ju-Jitsu World Championships, and were held in Paris, France from November 28 to November 30, 2014. 28.11.2014 - Men's and Women's Fighting System, Men's and Women's Jiu-Jitsu (ne-waza), Men's Duo System - Classic 29.11.2014 - Men's and Women's Fighting System, Men's and Women's Jiu-Jitsu (ne-waza), Women's Duo System - Classic 30.11.2014 - Men's Jiu-Jitsu (ne-waza), Mixed Duo System - Classic, Team event Vincent MATCZAK (2014-09-30). "4TH INVITAION TO WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP 2014" (PDF). Retrieved 2019-11-28.[dead link] Online results Official results (PDF) Mixed team event results (PDF) (All articles with dead external links, Articles with dead external links from April 2022, Ju-Jitsu World Championships, 2014 in French sport ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Ju-Jitsu_World_Championships
Bolley JohnsonBolley Johnson
Bolley L. "Bo" Johnson (born November 15, 1951) is an American politician from the state of Florida. A member of the Democratic Party, Johnson was a member of the Florida House of Representatives, and served as the Speaker of the Florida House of Representatives. Johnson is from Milton, Florida. His father and grandfather served as county commissioners for Santa Rosa County, Florida. Johnson graduated from Milton High School, and became the first member of his family to attend college. He received his bachelor's degree from Florida State University. Johnson volunteered for Mallory Horne when Horne served as the president of the Florida Senate. At the age of 22, Johnson met Lawton Chiles, then a member of the United States Senate, who hired him as a legislative aide in 1973. Johnson was elected to the Florida House of Representatives, representing the 4th district from November 7, 1978 to November 3, 1992. He also served the 1st district from November 3, 1992 to November 8, 1994. He became the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolley_Johnson
Dont Say NoDon't Say No
... may refer to: Don't Say No (Billy Squier album), a 1981 album by American rock singer Billy Squier, and its title track Don't Say No (Seohyun EP), a 2016 extended play by South Korean pop singer Seohyun, and its title track "Don't Say No" (Tom Tom Club song), from the 1988 album Boom Boom Chi Boom Boom "Don't Say No", by Robbie Williams from the 2005 album Intensive Care "Don't Say No Tonight", a 1985 single by Eugene Wilde This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Don't Say No. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. (Disambiguation pages with short descriptions, Short description is different from Wikidata, All article disambiguation pages, All disambiguation pages, Disambiguation pages ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don't_Say_No
Dewoitine D.371Dewoitine D.371
The Dewoitine 37 was the first of a family of 1930s French-built monoplane fighter aircraft. The D.37 was a single-seat aircraft of conventional configuration. Its fixed landing gear used a tailskid. The open cockpit was located slightly aft of the parasol wing. The radial engine allowed for a comparatively wide fuselage and cockpit. Design of this machine was by SAF-Avions Dewoitine but owing to over work at that companies plant at the time, manufacture of the D.37/01 was transferred to Lioré et Olivier. They were high-wing monoplanes of all-metal construction with valve head blisters on their engine cowlings. The first prototype flew in October 1931. Flight testing resulted in the need for multiple revisions in both engine and airframe, so it was February 1934 before the second prototype flew. Its performance prompted the French government to order for 28 for the Armée de l'Air and Aéronavale. The Lithuanian government ordered 14 that remained in service with their Air Force until 1936, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewoitine_D.371
Noor-ul-AinNoor-ul-Ain
The Noor-ul-Ain (Persian: نور العين, lit. 'the light of the eye') is one of the largest pink diamonds in the world, and the centre piece of the tiara of the same name. The diamond is believed to have been recovered from the mines of Golconda, Hyderabad in India. It was first in possession with the nizam Abul Hasan Qutb Shah, later it was given as a peace offering to the Mughal emperor Aurangazeb when he defeated him in a siege. It was brought into the Iranian Imperial collection after the Persian king Nader Shah Afshar looted Delhi in the 18th century.[citation needed] The Noor-ul-Ain is believed to have once formed part of an even larger gem called the Great Table diamond. That larger diamond is thought to have been cut in two, with one section becoming the Noor-ul-Ain and the other the Daria-i-Noor diamond. Both of these pieces are currently part of the Iranian Crown Jewels. The Noor-ul-Ain is the principal diamond mounted in a tiara of the same name made for Iranian Empress Farah ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noor-ul-Ain
Benoist Land Tractor Type XIIBenoist Land Tractor Type XII
The Benoist Land Tractor Type XII was one of the first enclosed cockpit, tractor configuration aircraft built. Benoist used "Model XII" to several aircraft that shared the same basic engine and wing design, but differed in fuselage and control surfaces. The Type XII was a tractor-engined conversion of the model XII headless pusher aircraft that resembled the Curtiss pusher aircraft. Demonstration pilots used Benoist aircraft to demonstrate the first parachute jumps, and the tractor configuration was considered much more suitable for the task. The first example named the "Military Plane" had a small box frame covered fuselage that left the occupants mostly exposed to the wind. The later model XII "Cross Country Plane" had a full fuselage that occupants sat inside of. The first tractor biplane used a wooden fuselage with a small seat on top. The wings were covered with a Goodyear rubberized cloth. The first model XII was built in the spring of 1912. On 1 March 1912, Albert Berry used a headless ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benoist_Land_Tractor_Type_XII
Investigational Heptavalent Botulinum Antitoxin (HBAT) to Replace Licensed Botulinum Antitoxin AB and Investigational Botulinum...Investigational Heptavalent Botulinum Antitoxin (HBAT) to Replace Licensed Botulinum Antitoxin AB and Investigational Botulinum...
Investigational Heptavalent Botulinum Antitoxin (HBAT) to Replace Licensed Botulinum Antitoxin AB and Investigational Botulinum ... HBAT replaces a licensed bivalent botulinum antitoxin AB and an investigational monovalent botulinum antitoxin E (BAT-AB and ... Botulinum antitoxin for treatment of naturally occurring noninfant botulism is available only from CDC. The transition to HBAT ... Antitoxin E CDC announces the availability of a new heptavalent botulinum antitoxin (HBAT, Cangene Corporation) through a CDC- ...
https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5910a4.htm
Browsing by Subject Botulinum AntitoxinBrowsing by Subject "Botulinum Antitoxin"
International standard for clostridium botulinum type B antitoxin, equine  World Health Organization. Biologicals Unit; WHO ... A replacement preparation for the international standard for clostridium botulinum type B antitoxin : report of an ... The replacement of the international standard for clostridium botulinum type B antitoxin, equine  ...
https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/browse?authority=Botulinum+Antitoxin&type=mesh
Development of in vitro functional replacement assays for Botulinum toxin and antitoxin preparations - Institut PasteurDevelopment of in vitro functional replacement assays for Botulinum toxin and antitoxin preparations - Institut Pasteur
Although highly toxic, botulinum toxins are available as licensed drugs for the treatment of a variety of medical disorders and ... Investigating the effects of botulinum on neuronal communication will reveal fresh insights needed to revive cell based assay ... Differentiated SH-SY5Y cells showed higher sensitivity to Botulinum type A than undifferentiated cells with evoked ... Botulinum neurotoxins are lethal toxins that induce prolonged muscle paralysis by blocking the release of neuronal transmitters ...
https://hal-pasteur.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-02886669
HBAT (botulinum antitoxin, heptavalent) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more.HBAT (botulinum antitoxin, heptavalent) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more.
... botulinum antitoxin, heptavalent), frequency-based adverse effects, comprehensive interactions, contraindications, pregnancy & ... Investigational Heptavalent Botulinum Antitoxin (HBAT) to Replace Licensed Botulinum Antitoxin AB and Investigational Botulinum ... encoded search term (botulinum antitoxin%2C heptavalent (HBAT)) and botulinum antitoxin, heptavalent (HBAT) What to Read Next ... Replaces licensed bivalent botulinum antitoxin AB (BAT-AB) and investigational monovalent botulinum antitoxin E (BAT-E) ...
http://reference.staging.medscape.com/drug/hbat-botulinum-antitoxin-heptavalent-999488
Investigational Heptavalent Botulinum Antitoxin (HBAT) to Replace Licensed Botulinum Antitoxin AB and Investigational Botulinum...
An investigational heptavalent botulinum antitoxin is now the only botulinum antitoxin available in the US for naturally ... Investigational Heptavalent Botulinum Antitoxin (HBAT) to Replace Licensed Botulinum Antitoxin AB and Investigational Botulinum ... Investigational Heptavalent Botulinum Antitoxin (HBAT) to Replace Licensed Botulinum Antitoxin AB and Investigational Botulinum ... HBAT replaces a licensed bivalent botulinum antitoxin AB and an investigational monovalent botulinum antitoxin E (BAT-AB and ...
https://www.staging.medscape.com/viewarticle/718958
Table 2 - Prophylaxis and Treatment of Pregnant Women for Emerging Infections and Bioterrorism Emergencies - Volume 12, Number...
Botulinum antitoxin Unlicensed/C* Botulism Cidofovir C Vaccinia, monkeypox, smallpox Ciprofloxacin C Anthrax, plague, tularemia ...
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/12/11/06-0618-t2.htm
New Botulism Guidelines Focus on Mass-Casualty EventsNew Botulism Guidelines Focus on Mass-Casualty Events
Botulinum toxin is said to be the most lethal substance known. Inhaling just 1-3 nanograms of toxin per kilogram of body mass ... Botulinum antitoxin is the only specific therapy for this infection. If given early - preferably within 24-48 hours of symptom ... The reviews addressed recognizing botulism clinically, treatment with botulinum antitoxin, and complications from that ... If paralysis is still progressing outside of that 24-48-hour window, the antitoxin should still provide benefit. The antitoxin ...
https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/952251
Infant botulism: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaInfant botulism: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
Infant botulism is a potentially life-threatening disease caused by a bacterium called Clostridium botulinum. It grows inside a ... The use of human-derived botulinum antitoxin may also be helpful.. Outlook (Prognosis). ... Clostridium botulinum is a spore-forming organism that is common in nature. The spores may be found in soil and certain foods ( ... Botulism (Clostridium botulinum). In: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Textbook of ...
https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001384.htm
Advanced Search Results - Public Health Image Library(PHIL)Advanced Search Results - Public Health Image Library(PHIL)
Categories: Botulinum Antitoxin Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, CopyrightRestricted ...
https://phil.cdc.gov/AdvancedSearchResults.aspx?Search=Botulinum+Antitoxin&parentid=3229&catid=4739
Botulism in Animals - Generalized Conditions - Merck Veterinary ManualBotulism in Animals - Generalized Conditions - Merck Veterinary Manual
Botulinum antitoxin has been used for treatment with varying degrees of success, depending on the type of toxin involved and ... Also see Botulism Botulism .) Dogs, cats, and pigs are comparatively resistant to all types of botulinum toxin when challenged ... Like tetanus Tetanus in Animals read more toxin, botulinum toxin is a zinc-binding metalloprotease that cleaves specific ... There are seven types of C botulinum, differentiated by the antigenic specificity of the toxins: A, B, C1, D, E, F, and G. ...
https://www.merckvetmanual.com/veterinary/generalized-conditions/clostridial-diseases/botulism-in-animals
Botulism presenting as dyspnea and respiratory failure in the Canadian Arctic | CMAJBotulism presenting as dyspnea and respiratory failure in the Canadian Arctic | CMAJ
... heptavalent botulinum antitoxin was administered to the patient. Despite the delay in administration of the antitoxin, she made ... Timely intravenous administration of an equine-derived botulinum antitoxin can arrest the progression of paralysis by ... Initial misdiagnosis was associated with a median two-day delay in administration of antitoxin.5 Because access to antitoxin ... rapid recognition provides an opportunity for early administration of botulinum antitoxin and improved clinical outcomes. ...
https://www.cmaj.ca/node/34742.full.print
Browsing by Author Lyng, JornBrowsing by Author "Lyng, Jorn"
A replacement preparation for the international standard for clostridium botulinum type B antitoxin : report of an ...
https://apps.who.int/iris/browse?type=author&value=Lyng%2C+Jorn
Ghanem MA[au] - Search Results - PubMedGhanem MA[au] - Search Results - PubMed
... modulating indications for administration of heptavalent botulinum antitoxin. Ghitani SA, Ghanem MA, Sultan EA, Atef M, Henaidy ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=search&term=Ghanem+MA%5Bau%5D&dispmax=50
Study details first botulism outbreak in Vietnam | Food Safety NewsStudy details first botulism outbreak in Vietnam | Food Safety News
Botulinum antitoxin was not available in Vietnam during the outbreak in July and August. It was provided by the World Health ... Given that botulinum antitoxin was not accessible, and their severe status, all patients received a trial of plasma exchange ... Tags: antitoxin, botulism, Clostridium botulinum, Minh Chay, pate, Vietnam, Wellcome Open Research ... Stock of antitoxin for rare diseases. The vegetarian pâté contained almond, walnuts and cashews, as well as mushroom, and came ...
https://www.foodsafetynews.com/2020/12/study-details-first-botulism-outbreak-in-vietnam/
Botulism | Encyclopedia.com
... a natural poison produced by the spore-forming bacteria Clostridium botulinum. ... The antitoxin can slow or halt the damage caused by botulinum toxin. The sooner it is given, the more effective it is in easing ... Botulinum toxin. Definition. Botulinum toxin is the purified form of a poison created by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. ... The antitoxin (effective against toxin types A, B, and E) inactivates only the botulinum toxin that is unattached to nerve ...
https://www.encyclopedia.com/medicine/diseases-and-conditions/pathology/botulism
Statements and Group Reports | AAAAIStatements and Group Reports | AAAAI
... for Disease Control and Prevention Botulism Clinical Treatment Guidelines Workgroup-Allergic Reactions to Botulinum Antitoxin: ...
https://www.aaaai.org/allergist-resources/statements-practice-parameters/aaaai-statements
ACIP: General Recommendations on ImmunizationACIP: General Recommendations on Immunization
f) Antitoxin: A solution of antibodies (e.g., diphtheria antitoxin and botulinum antitoxin) derived from the serum of animals ... Antitoxins are used to confer passive immunity and for treatment. For a list of antitoxins, see Table 2.. Vaccination and ... Botulinum antitoxin Specific equine antibodies Treatment of botulism Cytomegalovirus immune Specific human antibodies ... Immune globulins and antitoxins available in the U.S., by type. Recommended schedule for routine vaccination of infants & ...
https://wonder.cdc.gov/wonder/prevguid/p0000348/p0000348.asp
Ricin antidote ready for production | Homeland Security Newswire
... for poisoning with botulinum toxin. "Although there had been small-scale batches of anti-toxins for botulinum available in ... We developed an anti-toxin against all seven serotypes of botulinum toxin," Dr. Holley explained. Serotypes are structurally ... While an anti-toxin works by mopping up the poison once it is in the body, a vaccine would prime the body for exposure to the ... An anti-toxin that protects against ricin poisoning is to move into production for the first time. It is the result of eight ...
https://www.homelandsecuritynewswire.com/ricin-antidote-ready-production
Clostridium Bacteria. Clostridium is a gram-positive rod… | by Nabil Ebraheim | MediumClostridium Bacteria. Clostridium is a gram-positive rod… | by Nabil Ebraheim | Medium
Treatment for Clostridium botulinum consists of antitoxin administration, supportive care such as: mechanical ventilation or ... Clostridium botulinum produces a potent neurotoxin that causes flaccid muscular paralysis due to failure of neuromuscular ... There are different types of Clostridium botulinum:. · Foodborne botulism - caused by eating foods that contain the botulism ...
https://medium.com/@Dr_nabil_ebraheim/clostridium-bacteria-f35946463ef1
BAT Botulism Antitoxin: Package Insert / Prescribing Information - Drugs.comBAT Botulism Antitoxin: Package Insert / Prescribing Information - Drugs.com
BAT Botulism Antitoxin package insert / prescribing information for healthcare professionals. Includes: indications, dosage, ... EQUINE BOTULINUM NEUROTOXIN A IMMUNE FAB2. 4500 [iU] in 10 mL. EQUINE BOTULINUM NEUROTOXIN B IMMUNE FAB2 (EQUINE BOTULINUM ... 600 U serotype D antitoxin, , 5,100 U serotype E antitoxin, , 3,000 U serotype F antitoxin, and , 600 U serotype G antitoxin. ... 5,100 U serotype E antitoxin,. •. 3,000 U serotype F antitoxin, and. •. 600 U serotype G antitoxin.. Contraindications. None. ...
https://www.drugs.com/pro/bat-botulism-antitoxin.html
MH DELETED MN ADDED MNMH DELETED MN ADDED MN
Botulinum Antitoxin D12.776.124.486.485.114.301.268 D12.776.124.790.651.114.573.601.268 D12.776.124.790.651.114.301.268 D12.776 ... Clostridium botulinum B3.353.625.500.160 Clostridium botulinum type A B3.353.625.500.160.50 Clostridium botulinum type B B3.353 ... Clostridium botulinum type D B3.353.625.500.160.200 Clostridium botulinum type E B3.353.625.500.160.250 Clostridium botulinum ... Tetanus Antitoxin D12.776.124.486.485.114.301.849 D12.776.124.790.651.114.573.601.849 D12.776.124.790.651.114.301.849 D12.776. ...
https://decs.bvs.br/P/mnchg2016.txt
Table 2 - Prophylaxis and Treatment of Pregnant Women for Emerging Infections and Bioterrorism Emergencies - Volume 12, Number...
Botulinum antitoxin Unlicensed/C* Botulism Cidofovir C Vaccinia, monkeypox, smallpox Ciprofloxacin C Anthrax, plague, tularemia ...
https://wwwnc-origin.cdc.gov/eid/article/12/11/06-0618-t2.htm
FDA approves cosmetic use of botulinum toxin | CIDRAPFDA approves cosmetic use of botulinum toxin | CIDRAP
... this week endorsed a widespread cosmetic procedure by approving the use of botulinum toxin type A to temporarily smooth frown ... FOOD SAFETY SCAN: Changes to food safety rules, no meat-inspector furloughs, botulism antitoxin approved. ... Botulinum toxin is a protein produced by Clostridium botulinum, the cause of botulism, one of the six diseases considered most ... In medical use, small doses of purified botulinum toxin are injected into muscles to block the release of acetylcholine from ...
https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2002/04/fda-approves-cosmetic-use-botulinum-toxin
General - Entasifm-NewsGeneral - Entasifm-News
... and well timed botulinum antitoxin administration. For instance, sufferers with xerostomia (i.e., dry mouth) or patients ...
https://entasifm.org/category/general/
Myobloc (Botulinum Toxin Type B): Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Interactions, WarningMyobloc (Botulinum Toxin Type B): Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Interactions, Warning
Botulinum Toxin Type B) may treat, side effects, dosage, drug interactions, warnings, patient labeling, reviews, and related ... However, the antitoxin will not reverse any botulinum toxin-induced effects already apparent by the time of antitoxin ... In the event of overdose, antitoxin raised against botulinum toxin is available from the Centers for Disease Control and ... Other Botulinum Neurotoxin Products. The effect of administering different botulinum toxin products at the same time or within ...
https://www.rxlist.com/myobloc-drug.htm
Value Set Details
botulinum antitoxin. botulinum antitoxin. Vaccines administered (CVX). Vaccines administered (CVX). Details. 26. cholera. ...
https://phinvads.cdc.gov/vads/ViewValueSet.action?id=7F107A8F-FD26-E311-81F2-0017A477041A
DeCSDeCS
Antitoxin, Botulinum Antitoxin, Botulism Botulism Antitoxin Trivalent Equine Botulinum Antitoxin - Narrower Concept UI. ... Antitoxin, Botulinum. Antitoxin, Botulism. Botulism Antitoxin. Trivalent Equine Botulinum Antitoxin. Tree number(s):. D12.776. ... Botulinum Antitoxin Entry term(s). ... Botulinum Antitoxin - Preferred Concept UI. M0002842. Scope ...
https://decs.bvsalud.org/en/ths/resource/?id=23094&filter=ths_exact_term&q=ANTITOXINA+BOTUL%C3%8DNICA
Clostridium botulinumToxinsMaking botulinum toxinCaused by botulinum toxinSporesProduce botulinum toxinInfant botulismTest for botulinum toxinPoisoning with botulinum toxinBivalent botulinum antitoxinButyricumImmune globulinSerotypesAdministration of botulinumSymptomsTypes of botulinumFoodborneNaturally occurring noninfanBotoxTetanusDoseAnaerobicLethalParalysisWound botulismIndicationsDiphtheriaAssaysBotulism casesExposurePotentToxin productionSpeciesTypeIllnessOutbreaksInjectionEquineProducesClinicalStoolBioweaponCosmeticClinicallyAnthraxNerve endingsTypically2002IngestLitersFoodTherapeuticIntestine
Clostridium botulinum53
  • Infant botulism is a potentially life-threatening disease caused by a bacterium called Clostridium botulinum . (medlineplus.gov)
  • Clostridium botulinum is a spore-forming organism that is common in nature. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Botulism ( Clostridium botulinum ). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Norton LE, Schleiss MR. Botulism (Clostridium botulinum). (medlineplus.gov)
  • it was later renamed Clostridium botulinum (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • This is a photomicrograph of Clostridium botulinum stained with Gentian violet. (medscape.com)
  • Botulism is a rapidly fatal motor paralysis caused by ingestion or in vivo production of the toxin produced by Clostridium botulinum types A-G. The spore-forming anaerobic organism proliferates in decomposing animal tissue and sometimes in plant material. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Clinical diagnosis was confirmed by identification of Clostridium botulinum type B from the suspected food source made by Loi Song Moi Company. (foodsafetynews.com)
  • Presence of Clostridium botulinum in the food samples of all cases was confirmed and diagnosis of botulism established. (foodsafetynews.com)
  • Clostridium botulinum was not isolated from these patients but it was detected in the stool of two other cases. (foodsafetynews.com)
  • The toxin is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum . (cdc.gov)
  • The toxin's origin and identity remained elusive until Emile von Ermengem, a Belgian professor, isolated Clostridium botulinum in 1895 and identified it as the poison source. (encyclopedia.com)
  • Clostridium botulinum produces a potent neurotoxin that causes flaccid muscular paralysis due to failure of neuromuscular transmission. (medium.com)
  • Botulinum toxin is a protein produced by Clostridium botulinum, the cause of botulism, one of the six diseases considered most likely to be spread by bioterrorists. (umn.edu)
  • The neurotoxin is produced by fermentation of the bacterium Clostridium botulinum type B (Bean strain) and exists in noncovalent association with hemagglutinin and nonhemagglutinin proteins as a neurotoxin complex. (rxlist.com)
  • El botulismo del lactante es una enfermedad causada por potentes neurotoxinas proteicas producidas por la bacteria Clostridium botulinum, las cuales interfieren en la liberación presináptica de acetilcolina a nivel de la unión neuromuscular. (bvsalud.org)
  • Bar Goldberg] Botulism is a rare but potentially lethal disease caused by a toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum , a gram-negative, spore-forming anaerobic bacteria. (cdc.gov)
  • the subject of our study), also known as 'floppy baby syndrome', results from ingestion of Clostridium botulinum spores with subsequent colonization in the gut and releases botulism toxin, causing acute flaccid descending paralysis. (cdc.gov)
  • And the second type is wound botulism, in which Clostridium botulinum spores get into wounds, especially after a traumatic injury, post-op, or IVDU. (cdc.gov)
  • And the common belief is that infant intestinal flora is insufficient to suppress Clostridium botulinum colonization. (cdc.gov)
  • Botulism is caused by a common life-threatening bacteria called Clostridium botulinum. (healthhearty.com)
  • Paralysis is a serious disease caused by the poison (toxin) which attacks the nerves that are produced by bacteria Clostridium Botulinum. (drhealthbenefits.com)
  • Clostridium botulinum multiply by forming spores and toxin production. (drhealthbenefits.com)
  • Caused by toxins from wounds infected by Clostridium Botulinum. (drhealthbenefits.com)
  • This laboratorian was in the process of conducting biochemical tests upon foods suspected of being contaminated with Clostridium botulinum , the bacterium responsible for causing botulism. (cdc.gov)
  • Here, the technician was extracting a small amount of material from a glass vial, which was about to be tested for the presence of Clostridium botulinum , and botulinum toxin. (cdc.gov)
  • Botulinum toxin ( Botox ) is a neurotoxic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum and related species. (iiab.me)
  • Foodborne botulism can happen when you eat foods contaminated with Clostridium botulinum spores. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Botulism in babies can occur when Clostridium botulinum spores are ingested. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Wound botulism can develop when Clostridium botulinum spores get into a wound. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Botox uses a purified and heavily diluted form of Clostridium botulinum . (clevelandclinic.org)
  • It's a very rare kind of botulism that can happen when Clostridium botulinum spores get into your intestines. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • They may develop anywhere from three to 30 days after exposure to Clostridium botulinum spores. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • The effects of a potent neurotoxin produced from Clostridium botulinum create botulism, an anaerobic, spore forming bacterium whose natural habitat is soil. (rnceus.com)
  • How is clostridium botulinum diagnosed? (nsnsearch.com)
  • How do you identify Clostridium botulinum in food? (nsnsearch.com)
  • This toxin is made by Clostridium botulinum and sometimes Clostridium butyricum and Clostridium baratii bacteria . (nsnsearch.com)
  • What are the symptoms of Clostridium botulinum? (nsnsearch.com)
  • What is the morphology of Clostridium botulinum? (nsnsearch.com)
  • Which of the following test confirm the presence of Clostridium botulinum toxin? (nsnsearch.com)
  • To confirm the presence of botulinum toxin in the culture neutralization tests using specific antisera for each type of botulinum toxin (neutralization test) can be performed, or detection for the presence of Clostridium botulinum genes and its type in the culture medium ( molecular detection by PCR ). (nsnsearch.com)
  • What is the incubation period for Clostridium botulinum? (nsnsearch.com)
  • What toxin does Clostridium botulinum produce? (nsnsearch.com)
  • Clostridium botulinum is a Gram-positive, anaerobic, rod-shaped, spore-forming bacterium that produces the most potent biological toxin known, botulinum neurotoxin . (nsnsearch.com)
  • Clostridium botulinum type B was detected in three of eight pâté samples collected from the houses of cases. (who.int)
  • 1 BoNTs are produced In Taiwan (China), two outbreaks have been recorded, by Clostridium botulinum , a Gram-positive, rod- one caused by type A botulism in nine patients who con- shaped, anaerobic, spore-forming, motile bacterium. (who.int)
  • Botulism in horses is a devastating illness that occurs when they ingest toxins produced by the Clostridium botulinum bacteria. (equusmagazine.com)
  • The key difference between botulism and tetanus is that botulism is a rare serious disease caused by Clostridium botulinum, while tetanus is a rare serious disease caused by Clostridium tetani . (differencebetween.com)
  • Botulism and tetanus are two bacterial diseases that are caused due to the neurotoxins produced by Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium tetani, respectively. (differencebetween.com)
  • Clostridium botulinum is the causative agent of botulism, while Clostridium tetani is the causative agent of tetanus. (differencebetween.com)
  • Botulism occurs due to the infection of Clostridium botulinum, while tetanus occurs due to the infection of Clostridium tetani . (differencebetween.com)
  • But botulism is an ancient and deadly food poison caused by the Clostridium botulinum bacteria. (listverse.com)
  • The botulism toxin is produced by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum, and is one of the deadliest known toxins. (pa.gov)
Toxins10
  • Botulinum neurotoxins are lethal toxins that induce prolonged muscle paralysis by blocking the release of neuronal transmitters from peripheral cholinergic nerve endings. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
  • Although highly toxic, botulinum toxins are available as licensed drugs for the treatment of a variety of medical disorders and increasingly applied for cosmetic purposes which results in substantial increase of animal use in the lethality assays worldwide. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
  • Although there had been small-scale batches of anti-toxins for botulinum available in hospitals, for military use we needed a large capability in case it was used as a biological weapon. (homelandsecuritynewswire.com)
  • Myobloc belongs to a class of drugs called Neuromuscular Blockers, Botulinum Toxins. (rxlist.com)
  • The antitoxins are actually antibodies that neutralize the circulatory toxins and prevent them from binding to the neuromuscular junction in the presynaptic acetylcholine release area. (cdc.gov)
  • Botulinum toxins have been used off-label for several pediatric conditions, including infantile esotropia . (iiab.me)
  • botulinum are identified by the complete neutralization of their toxins using the homologous antitoxin . (nsnsearch.com)
  • Botulinum is the most deadly of all toxins, and gives rise to botulism, a severe form of food poisoning. (roadtopeace.org)
  • Town water supplies, packaged food, and other means of mass food and drink delivery could be used to spread Botulinum toxins. (roadtopeace.org)
  • Intestinal toxicoinfection, also called "foal botulism" or "Shaker foal syndrome," develops when a foal ingests C. botulinum spores, which vegetate, colonize and release toxins in the immature gastrointestinal tract. (equusmagazine.com)
Making botulinum toxin1
  • Botulinum toxin is lethal at a dose of 10-9 g/kg, making botulinum toxin 15,000-100,000 times more potent than sarin gas. (medscape.com)
Caused by botulinum toxin2
  • Botulism is a broad term encompassing 3 clinical entities caused by botulinum toxin. (medscape.com)
  • Botulism is caused by botulinum toxin, a natural poison produced by certain bacteria in the Clostridium genus. (encyclopedia.com)
Spores8
  • Because C. botulinum is ubiquitous in the environment, lism in Georgia, we reviewed existing surveillance data spores routinely contaminate food and survive standard and performed case finding and active surveillance in hos- cooking practices that do not exceed 100°C. C. botulinum pitals and public health offices. (cdc.gov)
  • contains botulinum spores, and that's why it is recommended to avoid honey consumption until one year old. (cdc.gov)
  • Caused by the spores of the botulinum bacteria who develops in the intestines and release toxin. (drhealthbenefits.com)
  • Ingesting botulinum spores doesn't cause botulism in healthy older children and adults. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • C. botulinum spores are often found on the surfaces of fruits and vegetables and in seafood . (nsnsearch.com)
  • 1 C. botulinum spores of fermented food in 2006. (who.int)
  • 1 C. botulinum was found to be the main source of a type A botulism is present in the environment, with type A or B spores outbreak in two elderly people in the United States in being found primarily in terrestrial vegetables and type E 2017. (who.int)
  • C. botulinum spores are found in the soil, on vegetables and foods-they are literally everywhere," explains Whitlock. (equusmagazine.com)
Produce botulinum toxin3
  • 10] Clostridium baratii and Clostridium butyricum also produce botulinum toxin. (medscape.com)
  • Other members of the clostridium genus can produce botulinum toxin, namely C. argentinense, C. butyricum , and C. baratii , but they are minor sources. (encyclopedia.com)
  • To further characterize the cells produce botulinum toxin only under unique condi- epidemiology of botulism, we abstracted records of botu- tions: an anaerobic environment, nonacidic pH, low salin- lism patients hospitalized from 1980 to 2002. (cdc.gov)
Infant botulism2
  • BabyBIG is an orphan drug that consists of human-derived botulism antitoxin antibodies and is approved by FDA for the treatment of infant botulism types A and B. (cdc.gov)
  • Usually the source of infant botulism isn't known, but we do know that C. botulinum can be found in honey, and since it's also often in environmental sources like dust, it's easy to see how C. botulinum could be ingested. (cdc.gov)
Test for botulinum toxin2
  • The NWHC performs the mouse inoculation test for botulinum toxin type C. Briefly, one mouse is given antitoxin and the other receives none. (vin.com)
  • How do you test for botulinum toxin? (nsnsearch.com)
Poisoning with botulinum toxin1
  • The development of the ricin anti-toxin follows on from work to develop an "antidote" for poisoning with botulinum toxin. (homelandsecuritynewswire.com)
Bivalent botulinum antitoxin1
  • HBAT replaces a licensed bivalent botulinum antitoxin AB and an investigational monovalent botulinum antitoxin E (BAT-AB and BAT-E, Sanofi Pasteur) with expiration of these products on March 12, 2010. (cdc.gov)
Butyricum1
  • Laboratory confirmation is done by demonstrating the presence of botulinum toxin in serum, stool, or food, or by culturing botulinum neurotoxin-producing species of Clostridium ( C. botulinum , C. butyricum , or C. baratii ) from stool or a wound. (cdc.gov)
Immune globulin3
  • Three types of immunobiologics are administered for passive immunization: a) pooled human IG or IGIV, b) specific immune globulin preparations, and c) antitoxins. (cdc.gov)
  • BAT is a sterile solution of purified F(ab') 2 plus F(ab') 2 -related immune globulin fragments derived from equine plasma, containing antitoxin activity to botulinum neurotoxins A, B, C, D, E, F, and G. (drugs.com)
  • The US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS, Washington, DC) awarded biotech company Cangene (Winnipeg, MB, Canada) a $362-million Project Bioshield supply contract for 200,000 doses of botulinum toxin immune globulin (heptavalent botulism antitoxin). (pharmtech.com)
Serotypes3
  • There are 7 serotypes of botulinum toxin: A through G.[8] Types A and B are by far the most common types. (medscape.com)
  • We developed an anti-toxin against all seven 'serotypes' of botulinum toxin," Dr. Holley explained. (homelandsecuritynewswire.com)
  • Therefore, differences in species sensitivities to different botulinum neurotoxin serotypes preclude extrapolation of animal dose-activity relationships to human dose estimates. (rxlist.com)
Administration of botulinum1
  • Optimal treatment includes wound debridement, early administration of botulinum antitoxin and penicillin therapy. (medicalresearch.com)
Symptoms4
  • And, even though intensive care units and antitoxin are around now, people still have scary symptoms, like paralysis. (cdc.gov)
  • Antitoxin doesn't reverse the symptoms that the patient already has. (cdc.gov)
  • Postmarketing reports indicate that the effects of MYOBLOC ( botulinum toxin type b) and all botulinum toxin products may spread from the area of injection to produce symptoms consistent with botulinum toxin effects. (rxlist.com)
  • Aug 2004 Botulinum Symptoms and other information is available here. (roadtopeace.org)
Types of botulinum2
  • There are seven types of botulinum toxin, named type A-G. [3] [4] Types A and B are capable of causing disease in humans, and are also used commercially and medically. (iiab.me)
  • There are seven recognized types of botulinum neurotoxins. (rnceus.com)
Foodborne3
  • Outbreak of foodborne botulism in Alexandria, Egypt: modulating indications for administration of heptavalent botulinum antitoxin. (nih.gov)
  • At the time of this study, it was not known whether the Foodborne botulism, the most common form, is caused by reported increase in botulism incidence was real and what eating food containing preformed botulinum toxin. (cdc.gov)
  • Hill SE, Iqbal R, Cadiz CL, Le J. Foodborne botulism treated with heptavalent botulism antitoxin. (medscape.com)
Naturally occurring noninfan2
  • As of March 13, 2010, HBAT became the only botulinum antitoxin available in the United States for naturally occurring noninfant botulism. (cdc.gov)
  • Botulinum antitoxin for treatment of naturally occurring noninfant botulism is available only from CDC. (cdc.gov)
Botox4
  • You may not know that Botox® and Dysport® are trade names for botulinum toxin. (cdc.gov)
  • Botulinum Toxin Type A is also known as Botox. (clustermed.info)
  • Iatrogenic botulism can occur when you have too much botulinum toxin (Botox®) injected. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Furthermore, botulism is due to a neurotoxin called botulinum toxin (botox). (differencebetween.com)
Tetanus1
  • Like tetanus Tetanus in Animals read more toxin, botulinum toxin is a zinc-binding metalloprotease that cleaves specific proteins in synaptic vesicles. (merckvetmanual.com)
Dose7
  • Differentiated SH-SY5Y cells showed higher sensitivity to Botulinum type A than undifferentiated cells with evoked neurotransmitter release dose-dependently inhibited after exposure to picomolar amounts of type A toxin. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
  • And finally, the last way of getting botulism can happen when people get too high a dose of botulinum toxin from medical treatment. (cdc.gov)
  • But because botulinum toxin is injected, people can get botulism if the dose is too high. (cdc.gov)
  • Medical researchers have discovered that injecting a strictly controlled dose of botulinum toxin into affected muscles inhibits excessive muscle contractions. (encyclopedia.com)
  • One unit of MYOBLOC (botulinum toxin type b) corresponds to the calculated median lethal intraperitoneal dose (LD50) in mice. (rxlist.com)
  • The first antitoxin dose of 0.5 ml was administered via the metatarsal IV catheter on the third day after presentation. (vin.com)
  • The risk of developing botulism increases with the dose of the botulinum toxin injected. (medscape.com)
Anaerobic2
  • Botulinum toxin is produced by an anaerobic (lives out of contact with air) bacteria Clostridium Botulinumit is gram positive. (roadtopeace.org)
  • Wound botulism, the rarest form, results when C. botulinum enter a wound that closes over quickly-such as an injection site or puncture wound-providing an anaerobic environment that enables them to become activated and multiply. (equusmagazine.com)
Lethal3
  • Botulinum toxin is said to be the most lethal substance known . (medscape.com)
  • It was concluded that the condor had botulinum type C toxin in her plasma at a concentration four times higher than the amount that is lethal in ducks. (vin.com)
  • Botulinum toxin is the most acutely lethal toxin known. (iiab.me)
Paralysis6
  • Timely administration of the botulism antitoxin early in the course of illness can arrest the progression of paralysis and possibly avert the need for intubation or ventilation. (medscape.com)
  • Botulinum toxin blocks motor nerves' ability to release acetylcho-line, the neurotransmitter that relays nerve signals to muscles, and flaccid paralysis occurs. (encyclopedia.com)
  • CONCLUSIONS: In this report, we want to evaluate a new case of iatrogenic botulism and emphasize the importance of antitoxin administration regardless the timing of the exposure for patients with progressing paralysis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Human botulism is caused by strains of botulism that produce toxin types A, B, and E. Botulinum toxin blocks the transmission of acetylcholine across the junction between nerves and muscles, producing muscle paralysis, including paralysis of respiratory muscles. (rnceus.com)
  • The picture shows a six month old suffering extreme flaccid paralysis produced by botulinum toxin. (rnceus.com)
  • Botulism Antitoxin Heptavalent and BabyBIG do not reverse paralysis but arrest its progression. (cdc.gov)
Wound botulism4
  • C botulinum was cultured from the wounds of asymptomatic patients as early as 1942, but wound botulism was not described as it is known today until 1951. (medscape.com)
  • In the US these days, wound botulism most often occurs in injection drug users who introduce the C. botulinum into wounds when they skin-pop black tar heroin. (cdc.gov)
  • But people can also get wound botulism when C. botulinum from soil contaminates other kinds of wounds, like open fractures and wounds from motor vehicle accidents. (cdc.gov)
  • Wound botulism occurs as a result of infection by material contaminated with C. botulinum. (medicalresearch.com)
Indications1
  • Botulinum toxin is used to treat a number of therapeutic indications, many of which are not part of the approved drug label. (iiab.me)
Diphtheria2
  • f) Antitoxin: A solution of antibodies (e.g., diphtheria antitoxin and botulinum antitoxin) derived from the serum of animals immunized with specific antigens. (cdc.gov)
  • Long-term protection is done by injecting diphtheria toxoid, which induces the formation of antitoxins. (gurujistudy.com)
Assays4
  • Reproducible and robust differentiation protocols generated stable neuronal cultures forming extensive networks over the multi-electrode culture dish surface and exhibiting spontaneous activity until up to 6 weeks after seeding indicating that networks of cultured neuronal cells represent suitable basis for the development of a cell based assays for antitoxin countermeasures. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
  • Lab assays for botulinum neurotoxins take too long and are only conducted in public health laboratories. (medscape.com)
  • Due to differences in specific details such as the vehicle, dilution scheme and laboratory protocols for various mouse LD50 assays, units of biological activity of MYOBLOC (botulinum toxin type b) cannot be compared to or converted into units of any other botulinum toxin or any toxin assessed with any other specific assay method. (rxlist.com)
  • The new assays, manufactured by BioSentinel, are said to be faster and more precise than other test kits that detect botulinum toxin , and they do not require the use of animals. (nsnsearch.com)
Botulism cases2
  • New telephone number to report botulism cases and request antitoxin. (cdc.gov)
  • Clinical analysis of 86 botulism cases caused by cosmetic injection of botulinum toxin (BoNT). (medscape.com)
Exposure3
  • Exposure to the botulinum toxin occurs mostly from eating contaminated food, or in infants, from certain clostridia growing in the intestine. (encyclopedia.com)
  • METHOD: We presented a patient who is diagnosed as iatrogenic botulism and treated with antitoxin at the 15th day of the exposure. (bvsalud.org)
  • Exposure-Response Modeling and Simulation to Support Human Dosing of Botulism Antitoxin Heptavalent Product. (medscape.com)
Potent1
  • Botulinum toxin is the most potent naturally occurring toxin known to humankind. (medscape.com)
Toxin production1
  • Fab and F(ab') 2 fragments are cleared from circulation more rapidly than intact IgG ( 2 ), and repeat HBAT dosing might be indicated for some wound or intestinal colonization patients if in situ botulinum toxin production continues after clearance of antitoxin. (cdc.gov)
Species3
  • Although classified as a single species, C botulinum is better described as a group of at least 3 (possibly 4) genetically unique organisms. (medscape.com)
  • Whether Clostridium argentinense is a subgroup of C botulinum or a separate species is currently under debate. (medscape.com)
  • Many species of mammals and some fish are known to be affected by botulinum toxin. (pa.gov)
Type10
  • All of the organisms share the ability to produce a type of botulinum toxin, although not all produce the same type. (medscape.com)
  • Apr 18, 2002 (CIDRAP News) The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) this week endorsed a widespread cosmetic procedure by approving the use of botulinum toxin type A to temporarily smooth frown lines between the eyebrows. (umn.edu)
  • MYOBLOC (botulinum toxin type b) is provided as a clear and colorless to light-yellow sterile injectable solution in 3.5-mL glass vials. (rxlist.com)
  • Each single-use vial of formulated MYOBLOC contains 5,000 Units of botulinum toxin type B per milliliter in 0.05% human serum albumin , 0.01 M sodium succinate , and 0.1 M sodium chloride at approximately pH 5.6. (rxlist.com)
  • The specific activity of MYOBLOC (botulinum toxin type b) ranges between 70 to 130 Units/ng. (rxlist.com)
  • 608-270-2400) on day 5 for botulinum toxin type C testing. (vin.com)
  • Meanwhile, treatment was started on day 4 using antitoxin (frozen rabbit-origin botulinum type C produced in Aug 1991 by T. Rocke at NWHC) obtained from the San Diego Wild Animal Park. (vin.com)
  • What's The Definition Of The Medical Condition Botulinum Toxin Type A? (clustermed.info)
  • 26 botulism 469 botulinum antitoxin contains 7530 iu of type ia and ic agents, as well as toxicologists, then our efforts has been specifically designed to provide cpr and heimlich maneuver. (reflectionsbodysolutions.com)
  • Zebra mussels seem to create an environment that is favorable for the growth of C. botulinum type E. The type E toxin becomes concentrated within the zebra mussels as they filter the water. (pa.gov)
Illness2
  • Botulinum antitoxin is most helpful if administered early during the patient's illness, so it's really important that physicians get that antitoxin as soon as possible when they find out about a patient's illness. (cdc.gov)
  • If administered early in the course of illness, antitoxin can prevent progression of illness and shorten its duration. (cdc.gov)
Outbreaks1
  • Its public health system, moreover, has been of the spore-forming, gram-positive rod Clostridium challenged by massive outbreaks of vaccine-preventable botulinum . (cdc.gov)
Injection1
  • Most cases presented between the second and sixth day after injection of the botulinum toxin (range 0-36 days). (medscape.com)
Equine1
  • This] risk declines about the time the foal is weaned and the mature microflora of the gut prevent the overcluster of C. botulinum, " says Nathan Slovis, DVM, DACVIM, of Hagyard Equine Medical Institute in Lexington, Ky. (equusmagazine.com)
Produces1
  • C. botulinum, the bacteria that produces the botulism toxin, is common in the soil of both terrestrial and aquatic environments, but the bacteria will only produce toxin under certain environmental conditions that favor bacterial growth. (pa.gov)
Clinical1
  • State public health officials can reach the CDC clinical emergency botulism service for consultation and antitoxin 24/7 at 770-488-7100. (cdc.gov)
Stool3
  • A stool sample from the baby may be checked for the botulinum toxin or bacteria. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Laboratory confirmation is done by demonstrating the presence of toxin in serum, stool, or food, or by culturing C. botulinum from stool, a wound or food . (nsnsearch.com)
  • Identification of Botulinum toxin in patient body fluids, stool, or the suspected food. (roadtopeace.org)
Bioweapon2
  • Botulinum toxin is a major threat as a bioweapon due to its extreme potency and ability to cause death, its ease of production and transport, and the need for prolonged intensive care among survivors. (rnceus.com)
  • There have already been several attempts by terrorists to use botulinum toxin as a bioweapon. (rnceus.com)
Cosmetic1
  • You may receive botulinum toxin treatments for cosmetic reasons, such as wrinkles. (clevelandclinic.org)
Clinically2
  • The reviews addressed recognizing botulism clinically, treatment with botulinum antitoxin, and complications from that treatment. (medscape.com)
  • Kotan D, Aygul R, Ceylan M, Yilikoglu Y. Clinically and electrophysiologically diagnosed botulinum intoxication. (medscape.com)
Anthrax1
  • Under Project BioShield, ASPR/BARDA sponsored development of three anthrax antitoxins that are now licensed or approved with pediatric dosing recommendations and purchased the products. (phe.gov)
Nerve endings1
  • In humans, botulinum toxin latches onto specific proteins in nerve endings and irreversibly destroys them. (encyclopedia.com)
Typically1
  • Treatment typically includes antitoxin to prevent the toxin from causing more damage. (clevelandclinic.org)
20021
  • And increased from 0.3 per 100,000 during 1980 to 1990 to 0.9 third, the potential for intentional botulinum toxin release per 100,000 during 1991 to 2002. (cdc.gov)
Ingest1
  • Aquatic invertebrates ingest C. botulinum when feeding on sediment, and many die during the summer because of high water temperatures and low water levels. (pa.gov)
Liters2
  • The Iraqi government admitted in 1995 that it had loaded 11,200 liters of botulinum toxin into SCUD missiles during the Gulf War . (encyclopedia.com)
  • After the 1991 Persian Gulf War, Iraq admitted to the United Nations inspection team that they produced 19,000 liters of concentrated botulinum toxin, of which approximately 10,000 liters were loaded onto military weapons. (rnceus.com)
Food4
  • CDC announces the availability of a new heptavalent botulinum antitoxin (HBAT, Cangene Corporation) through a CDC-sponsored Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Investigational New Drug (IND) protocol. (cdc.gov)
  • People who get botulism from food get it from eating foods that contain the actual botulinum toxin. (cdc.gov)
  • Food that has been improperly preserved or stored can harbor botulinum toxin-producing clostridia. (encyclopedia.com)
  • What detection techniques they used to detect C botulinum and its toxin in either human specimens or contaminated food products? (nsnsearch.com)
Therapeutic2
  • Investigating the effects of botulinum on neuronal communication will reveal fresh insights needed to revive cell based assay developments and to develop improved therapeutic countermeasures. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
  • Starting this week, the Center Hospital Rehabilitation Carolina Ana Moura Xavier, located in Curitiba (PR), now offers a new therapeutic alternative to their patients: botulinum toxin. (isaude.net)
Intestine1
  • Fewer than 200 cases of all forms of botulism are reported annually in the U.S. All forms of botulism result due to absorption of botulinum toxin into the circulation either from a mucosal surface such as the intestine or lung, or from a wound. (rnceus.com)
Diagnosis and Management of Foodborne Illnesses --- A Primer for Physicians and Other Health Care Professionals
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Infant botulism: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
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Outbreak of Botulism Type E Associated with Eating a Beached Whale --- Western Alaska, July 2002
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Clinical Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Botulism, 2021 | MMWR
Clinical Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Botulism, 2021 | MMWR (cdc.gov)
Medscape CME Activity - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
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Intestinal Toxemia Botulism in 3 Adults, Ontario, Canada, 2006-2008 - Volume 18, Number 1-January 2012 - Emerging Infectious...
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Botulism presenting as dyspnea and respiratory failure in the Canadian Arctic | CMAJ (cmaj.ca)
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Study details first botulism outbreak in Vietnam | Food Safety News
Study details first botulism outbreak in Vietnam | Food Safety News (foodsafetynews.com)
Foodborne Botulism in the Republic of Georgia - Volume 10, Number 9-September 2004 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
Foodborne Botulism in the Republic of Georgia - Volume 10, Number 9-September 2004 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
Botulism Type E Outbreak Associated with Eating a Beached Whale, Alaska - Volume 10, Number 9-September 2004 - Emerging...
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Notes from the Field: Botulism Type B After Intravenous Methamphetamine Use - New Jersey, 2020 | MMWR
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Volume 15, Number 6-June 2009 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
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Syndromic Surveillance and Bioterrorism-related Epidemics - Volume 9, Number 10-October 2003 - Emerging Infectious Diseases...
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