The symptoms of BoD can vary depending on the species of animal infected, but they typically include fever, loss of appetite, lethargy, difficulty walking or standing, seizures, and paralysis. The disease can be fatal in up to 90% of cases, especially in young animals.

BoV is primarily transmitted through the respiratory route, but it can also be spread through contact with infected animals or their tissues. Infected animals can shed the virus for several weeks before showing any symptoms, making it difficult to track the spread of the disease.

There is no specific treatment for BoD, and prevention is largely dependent on controlling the spread of the virus. Vaccination is not always effective against BoV, and there is currently no licensed vaccine available for horses or other animals. However, researchers are working to develop a vaccine that could provide protection against BoV.

In summary, Borna disease is a highly contagious and potentially fatal viral disease that affects animals, particularly horses, sheep, and goats. It is caused by the Borna virus, which can be transmitted through respiratory or contact routes, and there is currently no specific treatment or licensed vaccine available. Prevention relies on controlling the spread of the virus, and researchers are working to develop a vaccine that could provide protection against BoV.