Borna disease virus
Newcastle disease virus
Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus
Mononegavirales
Infectious bursal disease virus
Bornaviridae
Virus Replication
Aphthovirus
Parapoxvirus
Vero Cells
Horses
Molecular Sequence Data
Cercopithecus aethiops
Brain
Viral Structural Proteins
Newcastle Disease
Hemorrhagic Disease Virus, Rabbit
Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
Marek Disease
Reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction for detecting p40 RNA of Borna disease virus, without risk of plasmid contamination. (1/250)
Several methods for the detection of Borna disease virus (BDV) RNA have been reported, one being the reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-nested PCR) method. However, due to the possibility of contamination of the cloned DNA in a reaction tube, false-positive results might be obtained by RT-nested PCR. To detect only BDV RNA without anxiety of contamination, we developed an RT-nested PCR system using "mRNA selective PCR kit". Using this system, cDNA of BDV p40 in the plasmid (up to 5 x 10(7) molecules) was not amplified. BDV specific sequence was amplified from total RNA (more than 50 pg) of MDCK/BDV cells, which were persistently infected with BDV. These results indicate that this mRNA selective RT-nested PCR system can specifically amplify target RNA as distinguished from plasmid contaminated. (+info)A serosurvey of Borna disease virus infection in wild rats by a capture ELISA. (2/250)
For a serological diagnostic test for Borna disease (BD), we developed a capture ELISA with specificity and sensitivity based on detection of antibodies against BD virus (BDV) p40 protein. Using our capture ELISA system, the antibody response of rats inoculated intracerebrally with BDV at 4 weeks after birth showed a sharp increase from 1 to 4 weeks postinoculation (p.i.) and a steady level after 5 weeks p.i. To investigate prevalence of BDV infection among wild rats, we examined sera of Rattus norvegicus in Kami-iso town, Oshima district, Hokkaido, suggesting that rats in this area had not been infected by BDV. (+info)Immortalized cell lines derived from mice lacking both type I and type II IFN receptors unify some functions of immature and mature dendritic cells. (3/250)
Cells with dendritic morphology obtained from several organs of mice lacking both type I and II IFN receptors were immortalized by a retrovirus and analysed for their phenotype and for their function to induce cognate immune responses in vitro and in vivo. Two cell lines called AG101 (skin) and AG116 (brain) were cloned and analysed in more detail. They constitutively expressed the cell surface markers CD45, CD11b, MHC class II, F4/80, N418, B7-2 and ICAM1 but were CD8- and B220-negative. Cells from both lines were capable of taking up ovalbumin (OVA). The processed protein was presented to the OVA-specific T cell hybridoma BO97.105 which responded specifically with the production of IL-2. AG101 and AG116 cells were able to induce a mixed lymphocyte reaction as shown by a 50-fold increase of IL-2 production over background. Naive T cells were stimulated by antigen-primed AG101 and AG116, resulting in a T cell proliferation which was 20-30 times over background, and in IL-2 production it was 10 times the background. The capacity of AG101 or AG116 cells to prime naive T cells was directly compared with freshly isolated and cultured cutaneous dendritic cells (DC) from 129 Sv/Ev mice (wtDC). After cognate T cell interaction, IL-6 (20-100-fold) and IL-12 p40 (100-1000-fold) were similarly up-regulated in either AG101, AG116 or mature wtDC. To analyse the capacity of the immortalized DC to induce antibodies in vivo, cell line AG116 was permanently infected with Borna disease virus (BDV) which is unable to replicate in adult mice. One hundred and twenty-nine Sv/Ev mice injected with different cell numbers of AG116 carrying BDV (but not control cells) produced antibodies against the viral BDVp40 and BDVp24 protein. Therefore, the cell lines AG101 and AG116 appear to unify some functions of immature and mature DC. They are able to pick up antigen and process it. In the absence of externally added cytokines, the antigen presented on AG101 or AG116 cells drives T cells with an efficiency similar to mature DC. The cloned cell lines may prove to be useful to study both immune response and replication of infectious agents in the absence of functional interferon receptors. (+info)Nuclear localization of the protein from the open reading frame x1 of the Borna disease virus was through interactions with the viral nucleoprotein. (4/250)
Previous studies have predicted the presence of a small open reading frame (ORFx1) located between ORF-1 and ORF-2 of the Borna disease viral (BDV) genome. The ORFx1 is expressed as a p10 protein that is localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm of BDV-infected cells. In this study, we cloned the nucleotide sequence of ORFx1 into expression vectors and showed that it is expressed as p10. An anti-p10 serum gave nuclear and cytoplasmic staining of cells persistently infected with BDV. Immunoprecipitation of p10 from BDV-infected cells coprecipitated the p40 nucleoprotein N and the 24-kDa viral phosphoprotein P. Transient transfection of noninfected cells showed that p10 and p40 can be coprecipitated and revealed that p10 localized in the cytoplasm was imported into the nucleus in the presence of the BDV p40 N. In vitro protein-protein interaction studies on solid phase showed the direct interaction of the p10 with the BDV N protein. The subcellular distribution of p10 and its interaction with p40 suggest that this protein may play a role in the nuclear replication and/or transcription of BDV. (+info)Pathogenesis of borna disease virus: granulocyte fractions of psychiatric patients harbor infectious virus in the absence of antiviral antibodies. (5/250)
Borna disease virus (BDV) causes acute and persistent infections in various vertebrates. During recent years, BDV-specific serum antibodies, BDV antigen, and BDV-specific nucleic acid were found in humans suffering from psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, viral antigen was detected in human autopsy brain tissue by immunohistochemical staining. Whether BDV infection can be associated with psychiatric disorders is still a matter of debate; no direct evidence has ever been presented. In the present study we report on (i) the detection of BDV-specific nucleic acid in human granulocyte cell fraction from three different psychiatric patients and (ii) the isolation of infectious BDV from these cells obtained from a patient with multiple psychiatric disorders. In leukocyte preparations other than granulocytes, either no BDV RNA was detected or positive PCR results were obtained only if there was at least 20% contamination with granulocytes. Parts of the antigenome of the isolated virus were sequenced, demonstrating the close relationship to the prototype BDV strains (He/80 and strain V) as well as to other human virus sequences. Our data provide strong evidence that cells in the granulocyte fraction represent the major if not the sole cell type harboring BDV-specific nucleic acid in human blood and contain infectious virus. In contrast to most other reports of putative human isolates, where sequences are virtually identical to those of the established laboratory strains, this isolate shows divergence in the region previously defined as variable in BDV from naturally infected animals. (+info)Inhibition of Borna disease virus replication by ribavirin. (6/250)
The guanosine analogue ribavirin was tested for antiviral activity in two neural cell lines, human oligodendrocytes and rat glia, against Borna disease virus (BDV) strains V and He/80. Ribavirin treatment resulted in lower levels of virus and viral transcripts within 12 h. Addition of guanosine but not adenosine resulted in a profound reduction of the ribavirin effect. Ribavirin appears to be an effective antiviral agent for treatment of BDV infection in vitro. A likely mechanism for its activity is reduction of the intracellular GTP pool, resulting in inhibition of transcription and capping of BDV mRNAs. (+info)T cell ignorance in mice to Borna disease virus can be overcome by peripheral expression of the viral nucleoprotein. (7/250)
Infection of neonates with Borna disease virus (BDV) induces severe meningoencephalitis and neurological disorder in wild-type but not in beta(2)-microglobulin-deficient mice of strain MRL (H-2(k)). Temporary in vivo depletion of CD8(+) T cells delayed BDV-induced disease for several weeks. Depletion of CD4(+) T cells had a similar beneficial effect, indicating that the BDV-induced neurological disorder in mice is a CD4(+) T cell-dependent immunopathological process that is mediated by CD8(+) T cells. Lymphocytes prepared from brains of diseased mice were mainly from the CD8(+) T cell subset. They showed up-regulation of activation markers and exerted strong MHC I-restricted cytotoxic activity against target cells expressing the BDV nucleoprotein p40. Infection of B10.BR (H-2(k)) or congenic C57BL/10 (H-2(b)) mice resulted in symptomless, lifelong persistence of BDV in the brain. Superinfection with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing BDV p40 but not with other vaccinia viruses induced severe neurological disease and encephalitis in persistently infected B10.BR mice but not in persistently infected C57BL/10 mice, indicating that the disease-inducing T cell response is restricted to the nucleoprotein of BDV in H-2(k) mice. Our results demonstrate that the cellular arm of the immune system may ignore the presence of a replicating virus in the central nervous system until proper antigenic stimulation at a peripheral site triggers the antiviral response. (+info)Enhancement of Borna disease virus transcription in persistently infected cells by serum starvation. (8/250)
Transcription of Borna disease virus (BDV) in persistently infected MDCK (MDCK/BDV) cells increased in the fetal bovine serum free media as detected by Northern blot analysis. Especially, the amount of 1.9-kb RNA without cap formation at the 5' end and polyadenylation at the 3' end, increased as compared to other mRNA molecules of BDV. Growth arrest of MDCK/BDV cells observed in the condition of serum starvation might be important for increasing viral transcription. Since N-cadherin is the responsible factor for cell-to-cell contact, MDCK/BDV cells were cultured in calcium free medium which inhibits the interaction of N-cadherin. However, inhibition of cell-to-cell contact by N-cadherin is not effective on up regulation of viral transcription. Our finding in this study indicates that enhancement of BDV transcription by serum starvation is a useful technique for further investigation in understanding of mechanisms of BDV transcription. (+info)The symptoms of BoD can vary depending on the species of animal infected, but they typically include fever, loss of appetite, lethargy, difficulty walking or standing, seizures, and paralysis. The disease can be fatal in up to 90% of cases, especially in young animals.
BoV is primarily transmitted through the respiratory route, but it can also be spread through contact with infected animals or their tissues. Infected animals can shed the virus for several weeks before showing any symptoms, making it difficult to track the spread of the disease.
There is no specific treatment for BoD, and prevention is largely dependent on controlling the spread of the virus. Vaccination is not always effective against BoV, and there is currently no licensed vaccine available for horses or other animals. However, researchers are working to develop a vaccine that could provide protection against BoV.
In summary, Borna disease is a highly contagious and potentially fatal viral disease that affects animals, particularly horses, sheep, and goats. It is caused by the Borna virus, which can be transmitted through respiratory or contact routes, and there is currently no specific treatment or licensed vaccine available. Prevention relies on controlling the spread of the virus, and researchers are working to develop a vaccine that could provide protection against BoV.
Some common horse diseases include:
1. Equine Influenza (EI): A highly contagious respiratory disease caused by the equine influenza virus. It can cause fever, coughing, and nasal discharge.
2. Strangles: A bacterial infection of the lymph nodes, which can cause swelling of the neck and difficulty breathing.
3. West Nile Virus (WNV): A viral infection that can cause fever, weakness, and loss of coordination. It is transmitted by mosquitoes and can be fatal in some cases.
4. Tetanus: A bacterial infection caused by Clostridium tetani, which can cause muscle stiffness, spasms, and rigidity.
5. Rabies: A viral infection that affects the central nervous system and can be fatal if left untreated. It is transmitted through the saliva of infected animals, usually through a bite.
6. Cushing's Disease: A hormonal disorder caused by an overproduction of cortisol, which can cause weight gain, muscle wasting, and other health issues.
7. Laminitis: An inflammation of the laminae, the tissues that connect the hoof to the bone. It can be caused by obesity, overeating, or excessive exercise.
8. Navicular Syndrome: A condition that affects the navicular bone and surrounding tissue, causing pain and lameness in the foot.
9. Pneumonia: An inflammation of the lungs, which can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi.
10. Colic: A general term for abdominal pain, which can be caused by a variety of factors, including gas, impaction, or twisting of the intestines.
These are just a few examples of the many potential health issues that can affect horses. Regular veterinary care and proper management can help prevent many of these conditions, and early diagnosis and treatment can improve the chances of a successful outcome.
The symptoms of FMD can vary depending on the severity of the infection and the age of the animal. In mild cases, the only symptoms may be a slight fever and blisters on the feet, while in severe cases, the blisters may become ulcers, and the animal may develop difficulty swallowing or eating, leading to weight loss and dehydration.
The virus is transmitted through contact with infected animals or their secretions, such as saliva, mucus, and manure. It can also be spread by contaminated feed or equipment, and by insects such as flies and midges. The incubation period for FMD is typically 3-14 days, but it can range from 2 to 30 days.
FMD is a significant threat to animal health and welfare, and can have severe economic consequences for farmers and the livestock industry as a whole. In addition, the disease can be transmitted to humans through close contact with infected animals, although this is rare.
There are several tests available to diagnose FMD, including serological tests such as ELISAs and virus isolation techniques. The disease is typically controlled through a combination of stamping out (killing all animals in an affected herd) and vaccination. Vaccination can be used to protect animals that are not yet infected, or to reduce the severity of the disease in animals that are already infected.
In summary, foot-and-mouth disease is a highly contagious viral disease that affects cloven-hoofed animals and can have severe economic and animal health consequences. It is characterized by fever, blisters on the feet and in the mouth, and difficulty swallowing or eating. Diagnosis is based on clinical signs and laboratory tests, and control measures include stamping out and vaccination.
Symptoms of ND include:
* Respiratory problems such as coughing, sneezing, and difficulty breathing
* Decreased egg production or weight loss in laying hens
* Weakness, lethargy, and difficulty standing or walking
* Diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration
* Swollen eyes, sinuses, and neck
Newcastle disease is transmitted through the air via droplets from infected birds, as well as through contaminated fomites such as feed, bedding, and other objects. It can also be spread by wild birds that have become carriers of the virus.
There are several forms of ND, including:
* Classical ND: This is the most common form of the disease and is characterized by rapid onset and high mortality rates in infected flocks.
* LaSota strain: This is a less virulent form of ND that is often used as a vaccine to protect against classical ND.
* Mesogenic ND: This form of the disease is characterized by slower onset and lower mortality rates than classical ND.
Diagnosis of ND typically involves a combination of clinical signs, laboratory tests such as PCR or ELISA, and postmortem examination of infected birds.
Control and prevention of ND primarily involve vaccination, sanitation, and biosecurity measures to reduce the risk of virus introduction and spread. In areas where the disease is endemic, strict controls on the movement of poultry and poultry products can help to minimize the risk of transmission.
The virus that causes Marek disease is highly contagious and can be spread through direct contact with infected birds, as well as through contact with contaminated feathers, bedding, or other objects. Infected birds may not show any symptoms until they are stressed, exposed to cold weather, or experience a weakened immune system.
The symptoms of Marek disease can vary depending on the strain of the virus and the age and health of the bird. Some common symptoms include:
* Paralysis of the legs, wings, or beak
* Loss of coordination and balance
* Difficulty breathing or rapid breathing
* Swelling of the eyes or neck
* Weight loss
* Decreased egg production in laying hens
There is no cure for Marek disease, and it is usually fatal. However, vaccines are available to help prevent the disease in healthy birds. If you suspect that your bird has Marek disease, it is important to isolate it immediately and seek veterinary care as soon as possible.
Borna disease virus
W. Ian Lipkin
Borna disease
Bicolored shrew
Bornaviridae
Ștefan S. Nicolau
Infections associated with diseases
Tupaia (mammal)
Avian bornavirus
Animal model of autism
Perforin-1
MiR-122
Sue VandeWoude
Risk factors of schizophrenia
Mady Hornig
Causes of autism
Borna
Proventricular dilatation disease
RNA virus
List of MeSH codes (C02)
List of MeSH codes (B04)
Virus
COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia
Deep learning
COVID Moonshot
Aral Sea
Wheat
Gluten-related disorders
Execution of Imam Khomeini's Order
Roaring Twenties
Rafael Nadal
Obstructive sleep apnea
Borna [bor′nә] disease virus - Volume 15, Number 9-September 2009 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
Mechanism of the antiviral action of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine on Borna disease virus. - Institut Pasteur
Sindromul de oboseală cronică - Wikipedia
Indulging Idiots: Looking for XMRV in vaccines | ScienceBlogs
endogenous viral DNA | Virology Blog
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DeCS
A narrative review on the similarities and dissimilarities between myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS)...
Avian Borna Virus (PDD) - Animal Genetics
Different pH requirements are associated with divergent inhibitory effects of chloroquine on human and avian influenza A...
CIENCIASMEDICASNEWS: Occupation-Associated Fatal Limbic Encephalitis Caused by Variegated Squirrel Bornavirus 1, Germany, 2013 ...
Pesquisa | Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde - BRASIL
Professor Fiona Wood - Pobl - Prifysgol Caerdydd
Value Set Concept Details
FIT -
Portfolio
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Viruses - LABOKLIN Europe
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) information online: Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut
Portal:Contents/Portals - MEpedia
Infectious diseases in shelter situations and their management
Avian bornavirus (ABV) is the presumed causative agent of proventricular dilatation - bioerc-iend.org
Djokovic donates 40,000 euros to Serbian town hit hard by virus
Pathogen Advanced Molecular Detection Database|Archive|PHGKB
Skeletal Dysplasia 2
5′-triphosphate-siRNA: turning gene silencing and Rig-I activation against melanoma | Nature Medicine
Pritzker calls on retired health workers to join coronavirus fight - Chronicle Media
Causative agent4
- The causative agent was later found to be a negative-stranded RNA virus, which may also be a human pathogen. (cdc.gov)
- Bornavirus is the causative agent of Borna disease. (animalgenetics.com)
- Jan 29, 2015 · Search titles only By: Search Advanced search… Avian Borna Virus, the causative agent for Proventricular Dilatation Disease ("PDD") and several other neurological problems, has with good reason been an important issue in the avian community for some time. (bellatv.it)
- Avian bornavirus (ABV) is the presumed causative agent of proventricular dilatation disease (PDD), a significant fatal disease in psittacines. (bioerc-iend.org)
Infection4
- Diagnosis of Avian Borna Virus infection in psittaciformes by serum antibody detection and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay using feather calami. (animalgenetics.com)
- This infection can be expressed in varying degrees from mild behavioral changes to severe neurological disease. (animalgenetics.com)
- While sickness is an acute response to infection/injury, the trigger factors in ME/CFS are less well defined and encompass acute and chronic infections, as well as inflammatory or autoimmune diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
- By testing human scra for their power to protect monkeys against yellow fever virus, Beeuwkes, Baucr, and Mahaffy (5) were able to determine the endemicity of yellow fever in parts of West Africa where cases were seldom recognized, and to show that certain other regions were free of the infection. (nih.gov)
Emerging Infectio2
- Emerging Infectious Diseases , 15 (9), 1452. (cdc.gov)
- In support of improving patient care, this activity has been planned and implemented by Medscape, LLC and Emerging Infectious Diseases. (blogspot.com)
Viral3
- On episode #303 of the science show This Week in Virology, the TWiV team discusses transmission of Ebola virus, and inhibition of Borna disease virus replication by viral DNA in the ground squirrel genome. (virology.ws)
- Some of us previously analysed the reported effects of chloroquine on replication of several viruses and concluded that the drug should be studied as a broad spectrum antiviral agent against emerging viral infections, being relatively well tolerated, cheap, and immediately available worldwide [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- The past few years have seen a tremendous increase in the knowledge of the viral diseases of birds, thanks to new molecular-based and traditional diagnostic tools. (beautyofbirds.com)
Proventricular Dilatat1
- Bornavirus was first described in psittaciforms in 2008 by researchers at UCSF who were studying a group of five parrots suffering from Proventricular Dilatation Disease (PDD). (animalgenetics.com)
Centers for Diseas3
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
- The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. (cdc.gov)
- The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. (cdc.gov)
Pathogen2
- In 1989, Lipkin identified the Borna virus using purely molecular tools, thus pioneering the practice of using molecular methods for pathogen discovery and surveillance. (nih.gov)
- Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay Antibodies against ABV had been detected by usage of an IIFA on persistently Borna disease pathogen (BDV)Cinfected Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. (bioerc-iend.org)
Negative-stranded3
- Borna disease virus (BDV) is a nonsegmented, negative-stranded RNA virus that causes neurological diseases in a variety of warm-blooded animal species. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
- Borna disease virus (BDV) is a negative-stranded neurotropic RNA virus. (animalgenetics.com)
- Using microarray technology, the group isolated a negative-stranded RNA virus from three of the five birds. (animalgenetics.com)
Bornaviridae3
- A species in the genus Bornavirus, family BORNAVIRIDAE , causing a rare and usually fatal encephalitic disease in horses and other domestic animals and possibly deer. (nih.gov)
- Especie del género Bornavirus, familia BORNAVIRIDAE, que causa una enfermedad encefalÃtica rara y por lo general mortal en caballos y otros animales domésticos y posiblemente ciervos. (bvsalud.org)
- This virus was determined to be a member of the Bornaviridae family. (animalgenetics.com)
Replication2
- As a weak base capable of accumulating within cellular organelles, chloroquine appears to be capable of interfering with pH-dependent steps in the replication of several viruses. (biomedcentral.com)
- Accordingly, the antiviral effects are exerted at an early step of virus replication. (biomedcentral.com)
18852
- Borna disease virus was named after the town of Borna in Saxony, southeastern Germany, where in 1885 many horses in a German cavalry regiment died of a fatal neurologic disease. (cdc.gov)
- Borna disease was first recognized in 1885 in cavalry horses in the town of Borna in Saxony, Germany. (animalgenetics.com)
Outbreaks3
- not only are disease outbreaks frequent, but new pathogens or virulent variants of endemic pathogens can emerge as a result of rapid transmission cycles and the consequent evolution and selection of infectious agents, such as viruses and bacteria. (abcdcatsvets.org)
- During "Microbe Hunting in the 21st Century," Lipkin will discuss state-of-the-art diagnostic and surveillance techniques that he and his colleagues use to rapidly assess and respond to new pathogenic microbes so that disease outbreaks may be mitigated and potentially averted. (nih.gov)
- Genomic infectious disease epidemiology in partially sampled and ongoing outbreaks. (cdc.gov)
Infections2
- So you have had the underlying virus, and then amplified it with that vaccine, and then set off the disease, such that your immune system could no longer control other infections, and created an immune deficiency. (scienceblogs.com)
- Under less-than-ideal conditions, incoming cats should be kept in quarantine for a minimum of 3 weeks (considering cats incubating feline parvo/panleukopenia virus (FPV) or FCV infections or reactivating latent feline herpesvirus (FHV) infections, and until their vaccination becomes effective). (abcdcatsvets.org)
Avian6
- Animal Genetics offers rtPCR and ELISA testing for Avian Borna Virus (ABV). (animalgenetics.com)
- To explore whether the low pH-dependency of influenza A viruses might affect the antiviral effects of chloroquine at clinically achievable concentrations, we tested the antiviral effects of this drug on selected human and avian viruses belonging to different subtypes and displaying different pH requirements. (biomedcentral.com)
- The broad-spectrum antiviral effects of chloroquine deserve particular attention in a time in which there are several cases of avian influenza A virus transmission to humans from poultry, and the availability of antiviral drugs is fundamental during preparation and evaluation of effective vaccines. (biomedcentral.com)
- We here report the results of an initial evaluation of susceptibility to chloroquine of human and avian influenza A viruses. (biomedcentral.com)
- It ran me about $250 to have a budgie tested for PBFD, Chlyamidia, and a few others.Furthermore, novel avian models of human diseases or embryonic development could also be established for research purposes. (bellatv.it)
- Diseases caused by previously unknown bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses had then to be dealt with by the avian veterinary community. (beautyofbirds.com)
Infectious agents2
- Viruses are infectious agents which cannot replicate outside a host cell. (beautyofbirds.com)
- Stress, poor nutrition etc. facilitate spread of infectious agents and development of disease. (abcdcatsvets.org)
Antiviral1
- Mechanism of the antiviral action of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine on Borna disease virus. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
Pathogens3
- While sickness behavior is a state of energy conservation, which plays a role in combating pathogens, ME/CFS is a chronic disease underpinned by a state of energy depletion. (biomedcentral.com)
- The constant movement of birds from differing geographic regions exposed them to diseases not found in their natural environments, making them vulnerable to a wide variety of pathogens. (beautyofbirds.com)
- As researchers identified the pathogens, they developed assays, tests and treatments, and the number and severity of the diseases caused by these pathogens began to lessen, so that now there are fewer cases of some diseases than were seen in the earlier years. (beautyofbirds.com)
Outbreak5
- Compartmentalisation of the shelter into individual sections can facilitate containment of a disease outbreak, should it occur. (abcdcatsvets.org)
- In 1999, he led the team that identified West Nile virus as the cause of an encephalitis outbreak in New York State. (nih.gov)
- The 33-year-old Djokovic donated the money to Novi Pazar, in Serbia's southwest, to help it fight a growing outbreak of the disease, the SportKlub TV sports channel reported. (com.vn)
- Gov. J.B. Pritzker speaks to the media Saturday about the state's efforts to stem the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease, COVID-19, during a news conference Saturday, March 21 in Chicago. (chronicleillinois.com)
- SPRINGFIELD - Gov. J.B. Pritzker on Saturday, March 21 issued a "call to action" to retired health care workers to help fight Illinois' COVID-19 outbreak as the state enters its first day under a "stay-at-home" order aimed to stifle the spread of the disease. (chronicleillinois.com)
Susceptibility2
- Susceptibility to chloroquine appears to be dependent on the pH requirements of the viruses and the electrostatic potential of haemagglutinin subunit 2 (HA2), which is involved in virus/cell fusion. (biomedcentral.com)
- The Susceptibility of the Mouse to Yellow Fever When the susceptibility of the white mouse to the virus of yellow fever was announced in 1930 by Theiler (10, 11), it seemed that the "laboratory animal needed for replacing the monkey in the protection test had been found. (nih.gov)
Bacteria3
- New research confirms that cloacal swabs and fecal samples are not a reliable source of ABV RNA due to the inconsistent shedding of the virus and destructive forces like bacteria, enzymes, and other contaminants found in the feces. (animalgenetics.com)
- Obligate intracellular parasites include protozoa, bacteria and viruses. (beautyofbirds.com)
- A bacteriophage is a virus that infects bacteria and may integrate into the genetic material of its host cell. (beautyofbirds.com)
Chronic2
- Multiple sclerosis is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system that leads to demyelination and neuronal cell death, resulting in functional disability. (bvsalud.org)
- Chronic wasting disease (CWD) of cervids (among others red deer, moose, reindeer) is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) similar to scrapie in small ruminants and BSE in cattle. (fli.de)
Serotypes1
- Genomic epidemiology of penicillin non-susceptible pneumococci with non-vaccine serotypes causing invasive disease in the USA. (cdc.gov)
Replicate2
- Well, if you are harboring one virus, and you replicate it a whole bunch, you've now broken the balance between the immune response and the virus. (scienceblogs.com)
- A virus must attach to and penetrate a cell membrane, release its genetic material and replicate within the co-opted cell. (beautyofbirds.com)
20221
- 2022. Monitoring and managing lifestyle behaviours using wearable activity trackers: a mixed methods study of views from the Huntington's disease community . (cardiff.ac.uk)
Clinical1
- For reptiles , we also offer growing viruses in cell culture for cases in which the above-mentioned diagnostic methods are not possible or have not yielded findings that match the clinical picture. (laboklin.com)
Protein2
- All viruses have a protective capsid, or coat, which is the virus' shell, composed of aggregated repeating protein subunits. (beautyofbirds.com)
- The nucleocapsid , or core, is the virus' genetic material, composed of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) enclosed by the capsid protein coat. (beautyofbirds.com)
Hepatitis1
- Cholestatic hepatitis caused by glybenclamide in a patient with hepatitis C virus]. (nih.gov)
Horses1
- A similar disease had been observed in horses, sheep, and cattle for more than 100 years. (cdc.gov)
Birds4
- It is also important to note that in many cases birds infected with ABV may not develop any symptoms of Borna disease or PDD for years or even decades before the onset of disease. (animalgenetics.com)
- It is still unknown if a percentage of birds may never develop any symptoms of disease but may continue to function as a reservoir for ABV and allow the virus to infect other birds. (animalgenetics.com)
- When psittacines and other birds were brought to European and North American countries from Africa, Asia, South America and Australia during the bird craze of the 1970's and 1980's, few people considered the diseases these birds might bring with them. (beautyofbirds.com)
- To understand the effects of these viruses on the birds, it would be beneficial to start with some information about viruses in general. (beautyofbirds.com)
Commonly2
- A few commonly known neurotropic viruses are Rabies, Herpes virus, Poliovirus, and Japanese Encephalitis. (animalgenetics.com)
- Limbic encephalitis is commonly regarded as an autoimmune-mediated disease. (blogspot.com)
Role1
- Borna disease virus and its role in neurobehavioral disease. (cdc.gov)
Animal1
- Regenerative properties have been shown in various animal models of diseases of the central nervous system. (bvsalud.org)
Cases2
- It has long been believed that PDD is caused by an enveloped neurotropic virus that in some cases causes cytokine storm resulting from lymphocyte infiltration to the proventriculus (forestomach), ventriculus (gizzard), and areas of the small intestines. (animalgenetics.com)
- 3 cases of floxacillin-induced cholestatic liver disease]. (nih.gov)
Town1
- The town declared a state of emergency in late June due to the spread of the respiratory disease. (com.vn)
Cell6
- This timing approximately corresponds to that of virus/cell fusion. (biomedcentral.com)
- Moreover, there was a clear correlation between the EC 50 of chloroquine in vitro and the electrostatic potential of the HA subunit (HA2) mediating the virus/cell fusion process. (biomedcentral.com)
- Without a host cell, viruses cannot carry out their life-sustaining functions or reproduce. (beautyofbirds.com)
- Viruses are both acellular (a tissue or organism that lacks distinct cells) and intracellular (lives within a host cell) parasites. (beautyofbirds.com)
- A single, complete, fully developed virus particle independent of a host cell is called a virion. (beautyofbirds.com)
- The lipids in the envelope are derived from the cell that the virus took over. (beautyofbirds.com)
Germany2
- Utilizing the RNeasy Mini Package (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany) based on the producers guidelines, we isolated total RNA for sequencing from 200 L of virus-containing supernatant. (bioerc-iend.org)
- Environmental and genetic factors seem to is the effect of mycotoxins from mold in the home and Lyme determine how a child adapts to the toxic insult and which disease, which is often passed on from the asymptomatic In Germany, only one in four children are still healthy, Autism Recovery: A Practical Resource-Oriented said Dr. Klinghardt. (dosingpdf.com)
General1
- Home 1 / Guidelines 2 / General 3 / GUIDELINE for Infectious diseases in shelter situations and their mana. (abcdcatsvets.org)
Europe1
- Its name derives from the city in Saxony where the condition was first described in 1894, but the disease occurs in Europe, N. Africa, and the Near East. (nih.gov)
Control2
- Furthermore, they focus on recommendations regarding prevention and control of infectious diseases. (abcdcatsvets.org)
- Good building design can aid infectious disease control. (abcdcatsvets.org)
Cats2
- In 1995, the virus was isolated from cats suffering from a "staggering disease. (animalgenetics.com)
- Cats showing any signs of infectious disease should be moved immediately to the isolation facilities. (abcdcatsvets.org)
Management1
- Persons who work in shelters are highly motivated but not always sufficiently trained in hygiene and disease management. (abcdcatsvets.org)
Rare1
- BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Motor Neuron Diseases (MND) are rare diseases but have a high impact on affected individuals and society. (bvsalud.org)