Bone morphogenetic protein receptors. Medical search

A subtype of bone morphogenetic protein receptors with low affinity for BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEINS. They are constitutively active PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES that can interact with and phosphorylate TYPE I BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN RECEPTORS.

A subtype of bone morphogenetic protein receptors with high affinity for BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEINS. They can interact with and undergo PHOSPHORYLATION by BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN RECEPTORS, TYPE II. They signal primarily through RECEPTOR-REGULATED SMAD PROTEINS.

A family of CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS that bind BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEINS. They are PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES that mediate SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS through SMAD PROTEINS.

Bone-growth regulatory factors that are members of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily of proteins. They are synthesized as large precursor molecules which are cleaved by proteolytic enzymes. The active form can consist of a dimer of two identical proteins or a heterodimer of two related bone morphogenetic proteins.

A potent osteoinductive protein that plays a critical role in the differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells into OSTEOBLASTS.

A receptor-regulated smad protein that undergoes PHOSPHORYLATION by BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN RECEPTORS. It regulates BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN signaling and plays an essential role in EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT.

A bone morphogenetic protein that is a potent inducer of bone formation. It also functions as a regulator of MESODERM formation during EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT.

Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES.

Cell surface receptors that bind growth or trophic factors with high affinity, triggering intracellular responses which influence the growth, differentiation, or survival of cells.

A family of smad proteins that undergo PHOSPHORYLATION by CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS in response to TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA; ACTIVIN; or BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN signaling.

A bone morphogenetic protein that is widely expressed during EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. It is both a potent osteogenic factor and a specific regulator of nephrogenesis.

A family of proteins that are involved in the translocation of signals from TGF-BETA RECEPTORS; BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN RECEPTORS; and other surface receptors to the CELL NUCLEUS. They were originally identified as a class of proteins that are related to the mothers against decapentaplegic protein, Drosophila and sma proteins from CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS.

One of the two types of ACTIVIN RECEPTORS. They are membrane protein kinases belonging to the family of PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES. The major type II activin receptors are ActR-IIA and ActR-IIB.

One of the two types of ACTIVIN RECEPTORS or activin receptor-like kinases (ALK'S). There are several type I activin receptors. The major active ones are ALK-2 (ActR-IA) and ALK-4 (ActR-IB).

A bone morphogenetic protein that is a potent inducer of BONE formation. It plays additional roles in regulating CELL DIFFERENTIATION of non-osteoblastic cell types and epithelial-mesenchymal interactions.

The short wide vessel arising from the conus arteriosus of the right ventricle and conveying unaerated blood to the lungs.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.

A group of enzymes that catalyzes the phosphorylation of serine or threonine residues in proteins, with ATP or other nucleotides as phosphate donors.

A pyrrolizidine alkaloid and a toxic plant constituent that poisons livestock and humans through the ingestion of contaminated grains and other foods. The alkaloid causes pulmonary artery hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pathological changes in the pulmonary vasculature. Significant attenuation of the cardiopulmonary changes are noted after oral magnesium treatment.

A specialized CONNECTIVE TISSUE that is the main constituent of the SKELETON. The principle cellular component of bone is comprised of OSTEOBLASTS; OSTEOCYTES; and OSTEOCLASTS, while FIBRILLAR COLLAGENS and hydroxyapatite crystals form the BONE MATRIX.

A bone morphogenetic protein that may play a role in CARTILAGE formation. It is a potent regulator of the growth of CHONDROCYTES and the synthesis of cartilage matrix proteins. Evidence for its role in cartilage formation can be seen in MICE, where genetic mutations that cause loss of bone morphogenetic protein 5 function result in the formation of small malformed ears.

Cell-surface proteins that bind transforming growth factor beta and trigger changes influencing the behavior of cells. Two types of transforming growth factor receptors have been recognized. They differ in affinity for different members of the transforming growth factor beta family and in cellular mechanisms of action.

A bone morphogenetic protein that is found at high concentrations in a purified osteoinductive protein fraction from BONE. Bone morphogenetic protein 3 is referred to as osteogenin, however it may play a role in variety of developmental processes.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

Cell surface proteins that bind signalling molecules external to the cell with high affinity and convert this extracellular event into one or more intracellular signals that alter the behavior of the target cell (From Alberts, Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2nd ed, pp693-5). Cell surface receptors, unlike enzymes, do not chemically alter their ligands.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

A receptor-regulated smad protein that undergoes PHOSPHORYLATION by BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN RECEPTORS. It regulates BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN signaling and is essential for PHYSIOLOGICAL ANGIOGENESIS.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

A protein that plays a role in GRANULOSA CELLS where it regulates folliculogenesis. Mutations in the gene for bone morphogenetic protein 15 are linked to reproductive abnormalities such as PREMATURE OVARIAN FAILURE.

A superfamily of small proteins which are involved in the MEMBRANE FUSION events, intracellular protein trafficking and secretory processes. They share a homologous SNARE motif. The SNARE proteins are divided into subfamilies: QA-SNARES; QB-SNARES; QC-SNARES; and R-SNARES. The formation of a SNARE complex (composed of one each of the four different types SNARE domains (Qa, Qb, Qc, and R)) mediates MEMBRANE FUSION. Following membrane fusion SNARE complexes are dissociated by the NSFs (N-ETHYLMALEIMIDE-SENSITIVE FACTORS), in conjunction with SOLUBLE NSF ATTACHMENT PROTEIN, i.e., SNAPs (no relation to SNAP 25.)

A bone morphogenetic protein family member that includes an active tolloid-like metalloproteinase domain. The metalloproteinase activity of bone morphogenetic protein 1 is specific for the removal of the C-propeptide of PROCOLLAGEN and may act as a regulator of EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX deposition. Alternative splicing of MRNA for bone morphogenetic protein 1 results in the production of several PROTEIN ISOFORMS.

The record of descent or ancestry, particularly of a particular condition or trait, indicating individual family members, their relationships, and their status with respect to the trait or condition.

The continuous turnover of BONE MATRIX and mineral that involves first an increase in BONE RESORPTION (osteoclastic activity) and later, reactive BONE FORMATION (osteoblastic activity). The process of bone remodeling takes place in the adult skeleton at discrete foci. The process ensures the mechanical integrity of the skeleton throughout life and plays an important role in calcium HOMEOSTASIS. An imbalance in the regulation of bone remodeling's two contrasting events, bone resorption and bone formation, results in many of the metabolic bone diseases, such as OSTEOPOROSIS.

An inhibitory Smad protein that negatively regulates the SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS from BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN RECEPTORS. Smad6 inhibits PHOSPHORYLATION of SMAD2 PROTEIN and SMAD3 PROTEIN.

Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.

A receptor-regulated smad protein that undergoes PHOSPHORYLATION by BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN RECEPTORS and regulates BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN signaling.

The process of bone formation. Histogenesis of bone including ossification.

A subfamily of Q-SNARE PROTEINS which occupy the same position as syntaxin 1A in the SNARE complex and which also are most similar to syntaxin 1A in their AMINO ACID SEQUENCE. This subfamily is also known as the syntaxins, although a few so called syntaxins are Qc-SNARES.

A growth differentiation factor that plays a regulatory role as a paracrine factor for a diverse array of cell types during EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT and in the adult tissues. Growth differentiation factor 2 is also a potent regulator of CHONDROGENESIS and was previously referred to as bone morphogenetic protein 9.

Bone-forming cells which secrete an EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX. HYDROXYAPATITE crystals are then deposited into the matrix to form bone.

Renewal or repair of lost bone tissue. It excludes BONY CALLUS formed after BONE FRACTURES but not yet replaced by hard bone.

The amount of mineral per square centimeter of BONE. This is the definition used in clinical practice. Actual bone density would be expressed in grams per milliliter. It is most frequently measured by X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY or TOMOGRAPHY, X RAY COMPUTED. Bone density is an important predictor for OSTEOPOROSIS.

A family of BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN-related proteins that are primarily involved in regulation of CELL DIFFERENTIATION.

SNARE proteins where the central amino acid residue of the SNARE motif is an ARGININE. They are classified separately from the Q-SNARE PROTEINS where the central amino acid residue of the SNARE motif is a GLUTAMINE. This subfamily contains the vesicle associated membrane proteins (VAMPs) based on similarity to the prototype for the R-SNAREs, VAMP2 (synaptobrevin 2).

A growth differentiation factor that plays a role in early CHONDROGENESIS and joint formation.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.

The growth and development of bones from fetus to adult. It includes two principal mechanisms of bone growth: growth in length of long bones at the epiphyseal cartilages and growth in thickness by depositing new bone (OSTEOGENESIS) with the actions of OSTEOBLASTS and OSTEOCLASTS.

A broad category of proteins involved in the formation, transport and dissolution of TRANSPORT VESICLES. They play a role in the intracellular transport of molecules contained within membrane vesicles. Vesicular transport proteins are distinguished from MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEINS, which move molecules across membranes, by the mode in which the molecules are transported.

A bone morphogenetic protein that plays an essential role in the regulation of ovarian folliculogenesis.

Extracellular substance of bone tissue consisting of COLLAGEN fibers, ground substance, and inorganic crystalline minerals and salts.

A synaptic membrane protein involved in MEMBRANE FUSION of SYNAPTIC VESICLES with the presynaptic membranes. It is the prototype member of the R-SNARE PROTEINS.

Bone loss due to osteoclastic activity.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

A ubiquitous target SNARE protein that interacts with SYNTAXIN and SYNAPTOBREVIN. It is a core component of the machinery for intracellular MEMBRANE FUSION. The sequence contains 2 SNARE domains, one is the prototype for the Qb-SNARES, and the other is the prototype for the Qc-SNARES.

A growth differentiation factor that plays a role in the neural differentiation, specifically in the retinal development of the EYE.

Activins are produced in the pituitary, gonads, and other tissues. By acting locally, they stimulate pituitary FSH secretion and have diverse effects on cell differentiation and embryonic development. Activins are glycoproteins that are hetero- or homodimers of INHIBIN-BETA SUBUNITS.

A neuronal cell membrane protein that combines with SNAP-25 and SYNAPTOBREVIN 2 to form a SNARE complex that leads to EXOCYTOSIS.

A subfamily of Q-SNARE PROTEINS which occupy the same position in the SNARE complex as the N-terminal SNARE domain of SNAP-25 and which also are most similar to the N-terminal region of SNAP-25 in their AMINO ACID SEQUENCE.

Regulatory proteins and peptides that are signaling molecules involved in the process of PARACRINE COMMUNICATION. They are generally considered factors that are expressed by one cell and are responded to by receptors on another nearby cell. They are distinguished from HORMONES in that their actions are local rather than distal.

A signal transducing adaptor protein and tumor suppressor protein. It forms a complex with activated RECEPTOR-REGULATED SMAD PROTEINS. The complex then translocates to the CELL NUCLEUS and regulates GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of target GENES.

Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.

The soft tissue filling the cavities of bones. Bone marrow exists in two types, yellow and red. Yellow marrow is found in the large cavities of large bones and consists mostly of fat cells and a few primitive blood cells. Red marrow is a hematopoietic tissue and is the site of production of erythrocytes and granular leukocytes. Bone marrow is made up of a framework of connective tissue containing branching fibers with the frame being filled with marrow cells.

Diseases of BONES.

Cells contained in the bone marrow including fat cells (see ADIPOCYTES); STROMAL CELLS; MEGAKARYOCYTES; and the immediate precursors of most blood cells.

A technique that localizes specific nucleic acid sequences within intact chromosomes, eukaryotic cells, or bacterial cells through the use of specific nucleic acid-labeled probes.

A broadly distributed protein that binds directly to ACTIVINS. It functions as an activin antagonist, inhibits FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE secretion, regulates CELL DIFFERENTIATION, and plays an important role in embryogenesis. Follistatin is a single glycosylated polypeptide chain of approximately 37-kDa and is not a member of the inhibin family (INHIBINS). Follistatin also binds and neutralizes many members of the TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA family.

The processes occurring in early development that direct morphogenesis. They specify the body plan ensuring that cells will proceed to differentiate, grow, and diversify in size and shape at the correct relative positions. Included are axial patterning, segmentation, compartment specification, limb position, organ boundary patterning, blood vessel patterning, etc.

The middle germ layer of an embryo derived from three paired mesenchymal aggregates along the neural tube.

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

A family of proteins involved in intracellular membrane trafficking. They interact with SYNTAXINS and play important roles in vesicular docking and fusion during EXOCYTOSIS. Their name derives from the fact that they are related to Unc-18 protein, C elegans.

Receptors for ACTIVINS are membrane protein kinases belonging to the family of PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES, thus also named activin receptor-like kinases (ALK's). Activin receptors also bind TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA. As those transmembrane receptors of the TGF-beta superfamily (RECEPTORS, TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA), ALK's consist of two different but related protein kinases, Type I and Type II. Activins initiate cellular signal transduction by first binding to the type II receptors (ACTIVIN RECEPTORS, TYPE II ) which then recruit and phosphorylate the type I receptors (ACTIVIN RECEPTORS, TYPE I ) with subsequent activation of the type I kinase activity.

A negative regulator of BASIC HELIX-LOOP-HELIX TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS that blocks activation of CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE INHIBITOR P16 and is de-regulated in a variety of NEOPLASMS.

A subfamily of Q-SNARE PROTEINS which occupy the same position in the SNARE complex as the C-terminal SNARE domain of SNAP-25 and which also are most similar to the C-terminal region of SNAP-25 in their AMINO ACID SEQUENCE.

Convergence of transforming growth factor-beta and vitamin D signaling pathways on SMAD transcriptional coactivators. (1/237)

Cell proliferation and differentiation are regulated by growth regulatory factors such as transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and the liphophilic hormone vitamin D. TGF-beta causes activation of SMAD proteins acting as coactivators or transcription factors in the nucleus. Vitamin D controls transcription of target genes through the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Smad3, one of the SMAD proteins downstream in the TGF-beta signaling pathway, was found in mammalian cells to act as a coactivator specific for ligand-induced transactivation of VDR by forming a complex with a member of the steroid receptor coactivator-1 protein family in the nucleus. Thus, Smad3 may mediate cross-talk between vitamin D and TGF-beta signaling pathways. (+info)

A Meis family protein caudalizes neural cell fates in Xenopus. (2/237)

A homologue of the Drosophila homothorax (hth) gene, Xenopus Meis3 (XMeis3), was cloned from Xenopus laevis. XMeis3 is expressed in a single stripe of cells in the early neural plate stage. By late neurula, the gene is expressed predominantly in rhombomeres two, three and four, and in the anterior spinal cord. Ectopic expression of RNA encoding XMeis3 protein causes anterior neural truncations with a concomitant expansion of hindbrain and spinal cord. Ectopic XMeis3 expression inhibits anterior neural induction in neuralized animal cap ectoderm explants without perturbing induction of pan-neural markers. In naive animal cap ectoderm, ectopic XMeis3 expression activates transcription of the posteriorly expressed neural markers, but not pan-neural markers. These results suggest that caudalizing proteins, such as XMeis3, can alter A-P patterning in the nervous system in the absence of neural induction. Regionally expressed proteins like XMeis3 could be required to overcome anterior signals and to specify posterior cell fates along the A-P axis. (+info)

Synergistic signaling in fetal brain by STAT3-Smad1 complex bridged by p300. (3/237)

The cytokines LIF (leukemia inhibitory factor) and BMP2 (bone morphogenetic protein-2) signal through different receptors and transcription factors, namely STATs (signal transducers and activators of transcription) and Smads. LIF and BMP2 were found to act in synergy on primary fetal neural progenitor cells to induce astrocytes. The transcriptional coactivator p300 interacts physically with STAT3 at its amino terminus in a cytokine stimulation-independent manner, and with Smad1 at its carboxyl terminus in a cytokine stimulation-dependent manner. The formation of a complex between STAT3 and Smad1, bridged by p300, is involved in the cooperative signaling of LIF and BMP2 and the subsequent induction of astrocytes from neural progenitors. (+info)

A functional bone morphogenetic protein system in the ovary. (4/237)

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) comprise a large group of polypeptides in the transforming growth factor beta superfamily with essential physiological functions in morphogenesis and organogenesis in both vertebrates and invertebrates. At present, the role of BMPs in the reproductive system of any species is poorly understood. Here, we have established the existence of a functional BMP system in the ovary, replete with ligand, receptor, and novel cellular functions. In situ hybridization histochemistry identified strong mRNA labeling for BMP-4 and -7 in the theca cells and BMP receptor types IA, IB, and II in the granulosa cells and oocytes of most follicles in ovaries of normal cycling rats. To explore the paracrine function of this BMP system, we examined the effects of recombinant BMP-4 and -7 on FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone)-induced rat granulosa cytodifferentiation in serum-free medium. Both BMP-4 and -7 regulated FSH action in positive and negative ways. Specifically, physiological concentrations of the BMPs enhanced and attenuated the stimulatory action of FSH on estradiol and progesterone production, respectively. These effects were dose- and time-dependent. Furthermore, the BMPs increased granulosa cell sensitivity to FSH. Thus, BMPs have now been identified as molecules that differentially regulate FSH-dependent estradiol and progesterone production in a way that reflects steroidogenesis during the normal estrous cycle. As such, it can be hypothesized that BMPs might be the long-sought "luteinization inhibitor" in Graafian follicles during their growth and development. (+info)

Characterization of osteoblastic differentiation of stromal cell line ST2 that is induced by ascorbic acid. (5/237)

The stromal cell line ST2, derived from mouse bone marrow, differentiated into osteoblast-like cells in response to ascorbic acid. Ascorbic acid induced alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity, the expression of mRNAs for proteins that are markers of osteoblastic differentiation, the deposition of calcium, and the formation of mineralized nodules by ST2 cells. We investigated the mechanism whereby ascorbic acid induced the differentiation of ST2 cells. Inhibitors of the formation of collagen triple helices completely blocked the effects of ascorbic acid on ST2 cells, an indication that matrix formation by type I collagen is essential for the induction of osteoblastic differentiation of ST2 cells by ascorbic acid. We furthermore examined the effects of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) on the differentiation of ST2 cells induced by ascorbic acid. Ascorbic acid had no effect on the expression of mRNAs for BMP-4 and the BMP receptors. However, a soluble form of BMP receptor IA inhibited the induction of ALPase activity by ascorbic acid. These results suggest that ascorbic acid might promote the differentiation of ST2 cells into osteoblast-like cells by inducing the formation of a matrix of type I collagen, with subsequent activation of the signaling pathways that involve BMPs. (+info)

A role for the homeobox gene Xvex-1 as part of the BMP-4 ventral signaling pathway. (6/237)

BMP-4 is believed to play a central role in the patterning of the mesoderm by providing a strong ventral signal. As part of this ventral patterning signal, BMP-4 has to activate a number of transcription factors to fulfill this role. Among the transcription factors regulated by BMP-4 are the Xvent and the GATA genes. A novel homeobox gene has been isolated termed Xvex-1 which represents a new class of homeobox genes. Transcription of Xvex-1 initiates soon after the midblastula transition. Xvex-1 transcripts undergo spatial restriction from the onset of gastrulation to the ventral marginal zone, and the transcripts will remain in this localization including at the tailbud stage in the proctodeum. Expression of Xvex-1 during gastrula stages requires normal BMP-4 activity as evidenced from the injection of BMP-4, Smad1, Smad5 and Smad6 mRNA and antisense BMP-4 RNA. Xvex-1 overexpression ventralizes the Xenopus embryo in a dose dependent manner. Partial loss of Xvex-1 activity induced by antisense RNA injection results in the dorsalization of embryos and the induction of secondary axis formation. Xvex-1 can rescue the effects of overexpressing the dominant negative BMP receptor. These results place Xvex-1 downstream of BMP-4 during gastrulation and suggest that it represents a novel homeobox family in Xenopus which is part of the ventral signaling pathway. (+info)

Self-organization of periodic patterns by dissociated feather mesenchymal cells and the regulation of size, number and spacing of primordia. (7/237)

Periodic patterning is a fundamental organizing process in biology. Using a feather reconstitution assay, we traced back to the initial stage of the patterning process. Cells started from an equivalent state and self-organized into a periodic pattern without previous cues or sequential propagation. When different numbers of dissociated mesenchymal cells were confronted with a piece of same-sized epithelium, the size of feather primordia remained constant, not the number or interbud spacing, suggesting size determination is intrinsic to dissociated cells. Increasing bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor expression in mesenchymal cells decreased the size of primordia while antagonizing the BMP pathway with Noggin increased the size of primordia. A threshold number of mesenchymal cells with a basal level of adhesion molecules such as NCAM were sufficient to trigger the patterning process. The process is best visualized by the progressive restriction of beta-catenin transcripts in the epidermis. Therefore, feather size, number and spacing are modulated through the available morphogen ligands and receptors in the system. (+info)

Involvement of the small GTPases XRhoA and XRnd1 in cell adhesion and head formation in early Xenopus development. (8/237)

The Rho family of small GTPases regulates a variety of cellular functions, including the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton, cell adhesion, transcription, cell growth and membrane trafficking. We have isolated the first Xenopus homologs of the Rho-like GTPases RhoA and Rnd1 and examined their potential roles in early Xenopus development. We found that Xenopus Rnd1 (XRnd1) is expressed in tissues undergoing extensive morphogenetic changes, such as marginal zone cells involuting through the blastopore, somitogenic mesoderm during somite formation and neural crest cells. XRnd1 also causes a severe loss of cell adhesion in overexpression experiments. These data and the expression pattern suggest that XRnd1 regulates morphogenetic movements by modulating cell adhesion in early embryos. Xenopus RhoA (XRhoA) is a potential XRnd1 antagonist, since overexpression of XRhoA increases cell adhesion in the embryo and reverses the disruption of cell adhesion caused by XRnd1. In addition to the potential roles of XRnd1 and XRhoA in the regulation of cell adhesion, we find a role for XRhoA in axis formation. When coinjected with dominant-negative BMP receptor (tBR) in the ventral side of the embryo, XRhoA causes the formation of head structures resembling the phenotype seen after coinjection of wnt inhibitors with dominant-negative BMP receptor. Since dominant-negative XRhoA is able to reduce the formation of head structures, we propose that XRhoA activity is essential for head formation. Thus, XRhoA may have a dual role in the embryo by regulating cell adhesion properties and pattern formation. (+info)

Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-1B also known as CDw293 (cluster of differentiation w293) is a protein that in humans ... Bone morphogenetic protein, Clusters of differentiation, GS domain, Receptors, Transmembrane receptors, S/T domain, EC 2.7.11) ... "Bone morphogenetic protein type IA receptor signaling regulates postnatal osteoblast function and bone remodeling". J. Biol. ... "Entrez Gene: bone morphogenetic protein receptor". Mishina Y, Starbuck MW, Gentile MA, Fukuda T, Kasparcova V, Seedor JG, Hanks ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMPR1B

... and bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type IA. Other LU domain proteins are small globular proteins such as CD59 antigen, ... Besides uPAR, other receptors with LU domains include members of the transforming growth factor beta receptor (TGF-beta) ... Tsetlin VI (February 2015). "Three-finger snake neurotoxins and Ly6 proteins targeting nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: ... The LU domain (Ly-6 antigen/uPAR) is an evolutionarily conserved protein domain of the three-finger protein superfamily. This ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LU_domain

... is a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) co-receptor of the repulsive guidance molecule family. In humans this protein is encoded ... Li J, Ye L, Kynaston HG, Jiang WG (February 2012). "Repulsive guidance molecules, novel bone morphogenetic protein co-receptors ... There is a potential association between RGMs and cancer bone metastasis, as RGMs coordinate bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) ... a bone morphogenetic protein co-receptor". J. Biol. Chem. 280 (14): 14122-9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M410034200. PMID 15671031. Severyn ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repulsive_guidance_molecule_B

"Enhanced expression of type I receptors for bone morphogenetic proteins during bone formation". J. Bone Miner. Res. 10 (11): ... The bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type IA also known as BMPR1A is a protein which in humans is encoded by the BMPR1A ... "Bone morphogenetic protein type IA receptor signaling regulates postnatal osteoblast function and bone remodeling". J. Biol. ... "Entrez Gene: BMPR1A bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type IA". Mishina Y, Starbuck MW, Gentile MA, Fukuda T, Kasparcova V, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMPR1A

... a disease characterized by the formation of heterotopic bone throughout the body. It is a bone morphogenetic protein receptor, ... This protein is important in the bone morphogenic protein (BMP) pathway which is responsible for the development and repair of ... receptors. These receptors are all transmembrane proteins, composed of a ligand-binding extracellular domain with cysteine-rich ... and type II receptors are required for binding ligands and for expression of type I receptors. Type I and II receptors form a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACVR1

Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II or BMPR2 is a serine/threonine receptor kinase. It binds Bone morphogenetic ... Bone morphogenetic protein, Developmental genes and proteins, TS domain, S/T kinase, Receptors, EC 2.7.11). ... BMPR2 is expressed on both human and animal granulosa cells, and is a crucial receptor for bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15 ... Gilboa L, Nohe A, Geissendörfer T, Sebald W, Henis YI, Knaus P (March 2000). "Bone morphogenetic protein receptor complexes on ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMPR2

1995). "Cloning and characterization of a human type II receptor for bone morphogenetic proteins". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A ... Mitchell PJ, Sara EA, Crompton MR (Oct 2000). "A novel adaptor-like protein which is a substrate for the non-receptor tyrosine ... This gene encodes the substrate of breast tumor kinase, an Src-type non-receptor tyrosine kinase. The encoded protein possesses ... Signal-transducing adaptor protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STAP2 gene. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STAP2

"HIV-1 Tat interaction with cyclin T1 represses mannose receptor and the bone morphogenetic protein receptor-2 transcription". ... Jiang C, Ito M, Piening V, Bruck K, Roeder RG, Xiao H (2004). "TIP30 interacts with an estrogen receptor alpha-interacting ... "Entrez Gene: HTATIP2 HIV-1 Tat interactive protein 2, 30kDa". Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to ... King FW, Shtivelman E (2004). "Inhibition of nuclear import by the proapoptotic protein CC3". Mol. Cell. Biol. 24 (16): 7091- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTATIP2

SMAD1 is a receptor regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) and is activated by bone morphogenetic protein type 1 receptor kinase. GRCm38: ... This protein mediates the signals of the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), which are involved in a range of biological ... this protein can be phosphorylated and activated by the BMP receptor kinase. The phosphorylated form of this protein forms a ... Developmental genes and proteins, MH1 domain, MH2 domain, R-SMAD, Human proteins). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_against_decapentaplegic_homolog_1

SMAD5 is a receptor regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) and is activated by bone morphogenetic protein type 1 receptor kinase. It may play ... Like many other TGFβ family members SMAD5 is involved in cell signalling and modulates signals of bone morphogenetic proteins ( ... Developmental genes and proteins, MH1 domain, MH2 domain, R-SMAD, Transcription factors, Human proteins, All stub articles, ... Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 5 also known as SMAD5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMAD5 gene. SMAD5, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_against_decapentaplegic_homolog_5

When a bone morphogenetic protein binds to a receptor (BMP type 1 receptor kinase) it causes SMAD9 to interact with SMAD anchor ... SMAD9 is a receptor regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) and is activated by bone morphogenetic protein type 1 receptor kinase. There are ... The SMAD proteins are homologs of both the drosophila protein, mothers against decapentaplegic (MAD) and the C. elegans protein ... Developmental genes and proteins, MH1 domain, MH2 domain, R-SMAD, Transcription factors, Human proteins, All stub articles, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_against_decapentaplegic_homolog_9

... (RGMa) is a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) co-receptor of the repulsive guidance molecule ... Li J, Ye L, Kynaston HG, Jiang WG (February 2012). "Repulsive guidance molecules, novel bone morphogenetic protein co-receptors ... 2007). "Repulsive guidance molecule RGMa alters utilization of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type II receptors by BMP2 and ... All three RGM proteins appear capable of binding selected BMPs (bone morphogenetic proteins). RGMs may play inhibitory roles in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repulsive_guidance_molecule_A

"Proteins associated with type II bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR-II) and identified by two-dimensional gel ... The hnRNP proteins have distinct nucleic acid binding properties. The protein encoded by this gene has three repeats of RRM ... Wada K, Inoue K, Hagiwara M (August 2002). "Identification of methylated proteins by protein arginine N-methyltransferase 1, ... Wada K, Inoue K, Hagiwara M (August 2002). "Identification of methylated proteins by protein arginine N-methyltransferase 1, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HNRNPR

"Proteins associated with type II bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR-II) and identified by two-dimensional gel ... "Synergistic activation of the insulin gene by a LIM-homeo domain protein and a basic helix-loop-helix protein: building a ... "Transcriptional synergy between LIM-homeodomain proteins and basic helix-loop-helix proteins: the LIM2 domain determines ... LIM homeobox transcription factor 1, alpha, also known as LMX1A, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the LMX1A gene. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LMX1A

However it has been demonstrated that hemojuvelin interacts with bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), possibly as a co-receptor, ... Li J, Ye L, Kynaston HG, Jiang WG (February 2012). "Repulsive guidance molecules, novel bone morphogenetic protein co-receptors ... "Bone morphogenetic protein signaling by hemojuvelin regulates hepcidin expression". Nat. Genet. 38 (5): 531-9. doi:10.1038/ ... In contrast, the membrane-spanning protein, neogenin, a receptor for the related molecule, RGMa, preferentially bound membrane- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemojuvelin

"Proteins associated with type II bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR-II) and identified by two-dimensional gel ... Nakayama M, Kikuno R, Ohara O (November 2002). "Protein-protein interactions between large proteins: two-hybrid screening using ... DNA topoisomerase 2-binding protein 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TOPBP1 gene. This gene encodes a binding ... Yu X, Chini CC, He M, Mer G, Chen J (October 2003). "The BRCT domain is a phospho-protein binding domain". Science. 302 (5645 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TOPBP1

2004). "Proteins associated with type II bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR-II) and identified by two-dimensional gel ... PDZ domain-containing RING finger protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PDZRN3 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release ... The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro". DNA Res. 6 (3): 197-205. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDZRN3

2004). "Proteins associated with type II bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR-II) and identified by two-dimensional gel ... Tubulin beta-4A chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TUBB4A gene. Two tubulin beta-4 chain proteins are encoded ... 2005). "The glutamine-rich region of the HIV-1 Tat protein is involved in T-cell apoptosis". Journal of Biological Chemistry. ... coactivator-62 kDa/Ski-interacting protein is a nuclear matrix-associated coactivator that may couple vitamin D receptor- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubulin_beta-4A_chain

2004). "Proteins associated with type II bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR-II) and identified by two-dimensional gel ... 2003). "The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and ... transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment". Genome Res. 13 (10): 2265-70. doi:10.1101/gr.1293003. PMC 403697. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboxylesterase_3

2004). "Proteins associated with type II bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR-II) and identified by two-dimensional gel ... This protein is located in the mitochondrial matrix and catalyzes the cleavage of the leader peptides of precursor proteins ... from mitochondrial protein precursors and releases of N-terminal transit peptides from precursor proteins imported into the ... which necessitates proper translocations of mitochondrial targeting proteins. Many mitochondrial proteins are synthesized in a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMPCA

2004). "Proteins associated with type II bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR-II) and identified by two-dimensional gel ... Nucleolar protein 56 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NOP56 gene. Nop56p is a yeast nucleolar protein that is part ... The protein encoded by this gene is similar in sequence to Nop56p and is also found in the nucleolus. Multiple transcript ... Gautier T, Berges T, Tollervey D, Hurt E (Dec 1997). "Nucleolar KKE/D repeat proteins Nop56p and Nop58p interact with Nop1p and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOL5A

2004). "Proteins associated with type II bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR-II) and identified by two-dimensional gel ... Proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase mos is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MOS gene. MOS (gene) has been ... Proikas-Cezanne T, Stabel S, Riethmacher D (2002). "Identification of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B and casein as substrates ... 1997). "Mos activates myogenic differentiation by promoting heterodimerization of MyoD and E12 proteins". Mol. Cell. Biol. 17 ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS_(gene)

The enzyme is implicated in the trafficking and signaling of type I bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptors in zebra fish ( ... The gene encodes SPTLC1 protein, which together with SPTLC2 protein, forms serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) in humans. SPT is ... such as inflammation of the underlying bones, spontaneous bone fractures, and progressive degeneration of weight-bearing joints ... The gene encodes SPTLC2 protein which is one of two subunits of SPT. As mutations in the gene affect the same enzyme as those ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hereditary_sensory_and_autonomic_neuropathy_type_I

By occupying type I receptors for Activin and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), it also plays a role in negative feedback of ... Itoh F, Asao H, Sugamura K, Heldin CH, ten Dijke P, Itoh S (August 2001). "Promoting bone morphogenetic protein signaling ... "Differential inhibition of Smad6 and Smad7 on bone morphogenetic protein- and activin-mediated growth arrest and apoptosis in B ... Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 7 or SMAD7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMAD7 gene. SMAD7 is a protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_against_decapentaplegic_homolog_7

"Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and activin type II receptors balance BMP9 signals mediated by activin receptor-like kinase-1 ... The signaling complex for bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) start with a ligand binding with a high affinity type I receptor ( ... Growth differentiation factor 2 (GDF2) also known as bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-9 is a protein that in humans is encoded ... "Autocrine bone morphogenetic protein-9 signals through activin receptor-like kinase-2/Smad1/Smad4 to promote ovarian cancer ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GDF2

2005). "Identification of receptors and signaling pathways for orphan bone morphogenetic protein/growth differentiation factor ... 1998). "Cartilage-derived morphogenetic proteins and osteogenic protein-1 differentially regulate osteogenesis". J. Bone Miner ... GDF6 interacts with bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) to form heterodimers that may work to regulate neural induction and ... Reddi AH (1995). "Cartilage morphogenesis: role of bone and cartilage morphogenetic proteins, homeobox genes and extracellular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GDF6

2005). "Identification of receptors and signaling pathways for orphan bone morphogenetic protein/growth differentiation factor ... GDF7 is also known as bone morphogenic protein 12 (BMP-12). GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000143869 - Ensembl, May 2017 ... Growth differentiation factor 7 (GDF7) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GDF7 gene. GDF7 belongs to the ... v t e (Genes on human chromosome 2, Developmental genes and proteins, TGFβ domain, All stub articles, Human chromosome 2 gene ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GDF7

The BMPs bind to the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II (BMPR2). Some of the proteins of the BMP family are BMP4 and ... Wnt proteins binds to its transmembrane receptor of the Frizzled family of proteins. The binding of Wnt to a Frizzled protein ... An adaptor protein (such as SOS) recognizes the phosphorylated tyrosine on the receptor. This protein functions as a bridge ... Then active Smoothened protein is able to inhibit PKA and Slimb, so that the Ci protein is not cleaved. This intact Ci protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracrine_signaling

"Proteins associated with type II bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR-II) and identified by two-dimensional gel ... U7 snRNA-associated Sm-like protein LSm10 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LSM10 gene. LSM10 has been shown to ... "A novel zinc finger protein is associated with U7 snRNP and interacts with the stem-loop binding protein in the histone pre- ... "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature. 437 (7062): 1173-8. Bibcode:2005Natur. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LSM10

2004). "Proteins associated with type II bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR-II) and identified by two-dimensional gel ... Fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FRS3 gene. The protein encoded by ... Wang JK, Xu H, Li HC, Goldfarb M (Oct 1996). "Broadly expressed SNT-like proteins link FGF receptor stimulation to activators ... 2006). "Unique role of SNT-2/FRS2beta/FRS3 docking/adaptor protein for negative regulation in EGF receptor tyrosine kinase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FRS3

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) cell signaling plays a key role in diverse aspects of cardiac differentiation and ... BMP influences AV node development through Alk3 receptor (Activin receptor-like kinase 3). Abnormalities seen in BMP and Alk3 ... and Morphology in the Atrioventricular Node of Mice With Atrioventricular Canal-Targeted Deletion of Alk3/Bmpr1a Receptor". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrioventricular_node

Meanwhile, the overlying ectoderm secretes bone morphogenetic protein (BMP). This induces the roof plate to begin to secrete ... Also known as the anterior spinocerebellar tract, sensory receptors take in the information and travel into the spinal cord. ... The vertebral bones or intervertebral disks can shatter, causing the spinal cord to be punctured by a sharp fragment of bone. ... Between the dura mater and the surrounding bone of the vertebrae is a space called the epidural space. The epidural space is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_cord

1990). "Interaction of osteogenin, a heparin binding bone morphogenetic protein, with type IV collagen". J. Biol. Chem. 265 (28 ... 1992). "Short amino acid sequences derived from C1q receptor (C1q-R) show homology with the alpha chains of fibronectin and ... Collagen alpha-2(IV) chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the COL4A2 gene. This gene encodes one of the six subunits ... The C-terminal portion of the protein, known as canstatin, is an inhibitor of angiogenesis and tumor growth. Like the other ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collagen,_type_IV,_alpha_2

... bombesin receptor - bone morphogenetic protein - bradykinin - bradykinin receptor - BRCA1 - buffer solution C-terminus - C4 ... prostaglandin receptor - protein - protein biosynthesis - Protein Data Bank - protein design - protein expression - protein ... fusion oncogene protein G protein - G protein-coupled receptor - G3P - GABA - GABA receptor - GABA-A receptor - gag-onc fusion ... protein P16 - protein P34cdc2 - protein precursor - protein structure prediction - protein subunit - protein synthesis - ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_biochemistry_articles

There are four bone morphogenetic protein receptors: Bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type 1: ACVR1 BMPR1A BMPR1B Bone ... Bone morphogenetic protein Miyazono K, Kamiya Y, Morikawa M (January 2010). "Bone morphogenetic protein receptors and signal ... Bone morphogenetic protein receptors are serine-threonine kinase receptors. Transforming growth factor beta family proteins ... morphogenetic protein receptor, type 2 Both type 1 and 2 bone morphogenetic protein receptors have a single transmembrane ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_morphogenetic_protein_receptor

... transferrin receptor 2, bone morphogenic protein 6 (BMP6), matriptase-2, neogenin, BMP receptors, and transferrin. Severe ... Core AB, Canali S, Babitt JL (2014). "Hemojuvelin and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling in iron homeostasis". ... Hepcidin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HAMP gene. Hepcidin is a key regulator of the entry of iron into the ... NMR studies showed a new model for hepcidin: at ambient temperatures, the protein interconverts between two conformations, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepcidin

... dorsalizes the developing embryo by binding ventralizing TGFβ proteins such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) ... Chordin blocks BMP signaling by preventing BMP from interacting with cell surface receptors, which inhibits the formation of ... "Not.S - Xnot protein - Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog) - not.S gene & protein". Larraín J, Bachiller D, Lu B, Agius E, ... There are five named isoforms of this protein that are produced by alternative splicing. CHRD is 23 exons long and has a length ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordin

2004). "Proteins associated with type II bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR-II) and identified by two-dimensional gel ... Lymphocyte-specific protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LSP1 gene. This gene encodes an intracellular F- ... Huang CK, Zhan L, Ai Y, Jongstra J (1997). "LSP1 is the major substrate for mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein ... Harrison RE, Sikorski BA, Jongstra J (2005). "Leukocyte-specific protein 1 targets the ERK/MAP kinase scaffold protein KSR and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LSP1

... and skeletal development may also go awry when GPC3 mutations inhibit regulations of responses to bone morphogenetic proteins, ... The function of this gene is to produce a protein that acts as a cell surface receptor that binds to transcription factors. ... Macrosomia Macroglossia Advanced bone age Organomegaly Neonatal hypoglycemia Neoplasms Congenital diaphragmatic hernia ( ... of the transcription factors allows regulation of cellular responses to growth factors such as members of the hedgehog protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simpson–Golabi–Behmel_syndrome

Alliston T, Ko TC, Cao Y, Liang YY, Feng XH, Chang C, Derynck R (Jun 2005). "Repression of bone morphogenetic protein and ... The downstream effectors of TGF-β are the Smad receptors (also known as receptor-activated Smads). Smad2 and Smad3 are ... Alliston T, Ko TC, Cao Y, Liang YY, Feng XH, Chang C, Derynck R (Jun 2005). "Repression of bone morphogenetic protein and ... MDS1 and EVI1 complex locus protein EVI1 (MECOM) also known as ecotropic virus integration site 1 protein homolog (EVI-1) or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MECOM

Therefore, LGR5 might be a receptor for a member of the large family of bone morphogenetic protein antagonists. Moreover, R- ... also known as G-protein coupled receptor 49 (GPR49) or G-protein coupled receptor 67 (GPR67) is a protein that in humans is ... It is a member of GPCR class A receptor proteins. R-spondin proteins are the biological ligands of LGR5. LGR5 is expressed ... "LGR5 leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5". Entrez Gene. "LGR5 leucine-rich repeat containing G protein- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGR5

... gradient of pituitary morphogenesis is dependent on neuroectodermal signals from the infundibular bone morphogenetic protein 4 ... An assortment of genes and proteins - such as WNT4, RSPO1, FOXL2, and various estrogen receptors - have been shown to prevent ... Fetal cells contain a higher amount of insulin receptors in comparison to adults cells and fetal insulin receptors are not ... At 16 weeks of gestation, the ovaries produce FSH and LH/hCG receptors. At 20 weeks of gestation, the theca cell precursors are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Development_of_the_endocrine_system

"Involvement of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP-4) in pituitary prolactinoma pathogenesis through a Smad/estrogen receptor ... January 2006). "Bone morphogenetic protein-4 inhibits corticotroph tumor cells: involvement in the retinoic acid inhibitory ... Arzt E, Stelzer G, Renner U, Lange M, Müller OA, Stalla GK (November 1992). "Interleukin-2 and interleukin-2 receptor ... October 2007). "RSUME, a small RWD-containing protein, enhances SUMO conjugation and stabilizes HIF-1alpha during hypoxia". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduardo_Arzt

"The RING domain of PIASy is involved in the suppression of bone morphogenetic protein-signaling pathway". Biochem. Biophys. Res ... 2002). "Protein inhibitors of activated STAT resemble scaffold attachment factors and function as interacting nuclear receptor ... E3 SUMO-protein ligase PIAS4 is one of several protein inhibitor of activated STAT (PIAS) proteins. It is also known as protein ... "Entrez Gene: PIAS4 Protein inhibitor of activated STAT, 4". Imoto, Seiyu; Sugiyama Kenji; Muromoto Ryuta; Sato Noriko; Yamamoto ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PIAS4

How proteins become localised to different parts of the cell - such as to the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus or the ... During the 1960s, molecular biology the world over flourished, the outline bones of the 1950s now having flesh put on them. The ... Under his influence, Crick also became interested in morphogenetic gradients and how they may help specify biological patterns ... Nigel Unwin has further developed electron crystallography and solved the structure of the acetylcholine receptor, which ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MRC_Laboratory_of_Molecular_Biology

... induces human osteoblast differentiation through bone morphogenetic protein-2/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 pathway ... "The red wine phenolics piceatannol and myricetin act as agonists for estrogen receptor in human breast cancer cells". Journal ... This is due to the tendency of tannins to react with proteins, such as the ones found in saliva. In food and wine pairing, ... proteins and lipids from oxidative damage pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/20061". EFSA Journal. 8 (2): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenolic_content_in_wine

July 1998). "Differential roles for bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor type IB and IA in differentiation and ... Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily members. BMP2 can either stimulates the ... Transcription factors, peroxis proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs) are main ... These genes include adipocyte protein (aP2), insulin receptor, glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, fatty acid synthase, acetyl CoA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adipogenesis

This model only specifies a "bare bones" pattern. Other factors like sonic hedgehog (Shh) and Hox proteins, primary ... Limb formation begins in the morphogenetic limb field, as mesenchymal cells from the lateral plate mesoderm proliferate to the ... "Ectodermal FGFs induce perinodular inhibition of limb chondrogenesis in vitro and in vivo via FGF receptor 2". Dev. Biol. 249 ( ... In the development of most vertebrate limbs (though not in some amphibians), the cartilage skeleton is replaced by bone later ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limb_development

BMP-15 is released from the oocyte into the surrounding granulosa tissue where it binds to two membrane bound receptors on ... Bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP-15) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BMP15 gene. It is involved in ... Developmental genes and proteins, Bone morphogenetic protein, TGFβ domain). ... Bragdon B, Moseychuk O, Saldanha S, King D, Julian J, Nohe A (April 2011). "Bone morphogenetic proteins: a critical review". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_morphogenetic_protein_15

Chen AL, Fang C, Liu C, Leslie MP, Chang E, Di Cesare PE (November 2004). "Expression of bone morphogenetic proteins, receptors ... Bone morphogenetic protein 3, also known as osteogenin, is a protein in humans that is encoded by the BMP3 gene. The protein ... It, like other bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP's) is known for its ability to induce bone and cartilage development. It is a ... "Bone morphogenetic protein-3 is a negative regulator of bone density". Nature Genetics. 27 (1): 84-8. doi:10.1038/83810. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_morphogenetic_protein_3

"Differentiation of human pluripotent teratocarcinoma stem cells induced by bone morphogenetic protein-2". Reproduction, ... "Expression of low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (Lrp4) gene in the mouse germ cells". Gene Expression Patterns ... Below is a list of genes/protein products that can be used to identify various types of stem cells, or functional assays that ... Perry SS, Wang H, Pierce LJ, Yang AM, Tsai S, Spangrude GJ (April 2004). "L-selectin defines a bone marrow analog to the thymic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stem_cell_marker

Bone morphogenetic protein Collective cell migration Embryonic development Pattern formation Turing pattern French flag model ... Morphogens typically act through binding to specific protein receptors. An important class of molecules involved in ... During assembly of the bacteriophage (phage) T4 virion, the morphogenetic proteins encoded by the phage genes interact with ... Multisubunit transmembrane receptors called integrins are used to bind to the ECM. Integrins bind extracellularly to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphogenesis

"Characterization of bone morphogenetic protein-6 signaling pathways in osteoblast differentiation". J. Cell Sci. 112 (20): 3519 ... "Human type II receptor for bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs): extension of the two-kinase receptor model to the BMPs". Mol. Cell ... Androgen receptor, CHUK and CREB-binding protein, DDX17, DDX5, Estrogen receptor alpha, Estrogen receptor beta, Glucocorticoid ... The nuclear receptor coactivator 3 also known as NCOA3 is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the NCOA3 gene. NCOA3 is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_receptor_coactivator_3

In vertebrates, GPR97 has an indispensable role in the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) signaling pathway in bone formation. A ... G-protein coupled receptor 97 also known as adhesion G protein-coupled receptor G3 (ADGRG3) is a protein that in humans is ... Gupte J, Swaminath G, Danao J, Tian H, Li Y, Wu X (Apr 2012). "Signaling property study of adhesion G-protein-coupled receptors ... "Entrez Gene: GPR97 G protein-coupled receptor 97". Hamann J, Aust G, Araç D, Engel FB, Formstone C, Fredriksson R, Hall RA, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPR97

It acts as a regulator of TGFβ family (such as bone morphogenetic proteins) activity by competing with SMAD4 and preventing the ... "Smurf1 interacts with transforming growth factor-beta type I receptor through Smad7 and induces receptor degradation". J. Biol ... Itoh F, Asao H, Sugamura K, Heldin CH, ten Dijke P, Itoh S (2001). "Promoting bone morphogenetic protein signaling through ... The SMAD proteins are homologs of both the drosophila protein, mothers against decapentaplegic (MAD) and the C. elegans protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_against_decapentaplegic_homolog_6

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_morphogenetic_protein_receptor

BMPR1A: bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 1A. *BMPR2: bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 ...

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene-b/

... aryl hydrocarbon receptor interacting protein; BMP4 = bone morphogenetic protein 4; BRG1 = Brahma-related gene 1; CABLES1 = ... epidermal growth factor receptor; FGFR4 = fibroblast-growth factor receptor 4; GNAS = guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha ... Table 1. List of Genes and Proteins Mutated or Deregulated in Corticotroph Tumors Gene/protein name. Reference(s). ... tumor protein 53; TR4 = testicular orphan receptor 4; TSC = tuberous sclerosis complex; USP8 = ubiquitin-specific protease 8; ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/905642

This gene encodes a member of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor family of transmembrane serine/threonine kinases. ... The ligands of this receptor are BMPs, which are members of the T ... Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor 1B (BMPR1B) Antibody. Bone ... Anti-Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-1B, Anti-Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-1B antibody, Bone morphogenetic ... Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-1B, Activin receptor-like kinase 6, Serine/threonine-protein kinase receptor R6, BMP ...

https://www.abbexa.com/bmpr1b-antibody-p-40521

Here, we report that Hic-5 binds to Smads 1, 5 and 8, and represses bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling responses. Myc- ... is a transforming growth factor-β-inducible LIM protein whose deregulation is implicated in the progression of prostate cancer ... 2001). Germline mutations of the gene encoding bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1A in juvenile polyposis. Nat Genet 28: 184- ... bone morphogenetic protein-7 controls the motility of prostate cancer cells through regulation of bone morphogenetic protein ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/onc2011422?error=cookies_not_supported&code=8002ef37-3429-48ea-b18b-42b7eadabf00

Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease caused by an inherited mutation in bone morphogenetic protein receptor II. Am J Respir Crit ... Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease in an adult following bone marrow transplantation. Case report and review of the literature. ... Pulmonary Veno-occlusive Disease Following Reduced-intensity Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation for Acute Myeloid Leukemia ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1464015-differential

Mechanical regulation of cancer cell apoptosis and autophagy: Roles of bone morphogenetic protein receptor, Smad1/5, and p38 ... Roles of bone morphogenetic protein receptor, Smad1/5, and p38 MAPK. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...

https://researchoutput.ncku.edu.tw/en/publications/mechanical-regulation-of-cancer-cell-apoptosis-and-autophagy-role/fingerprints/

Expression of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP), BMP receptors, and BMP associated proteins in human trabecular meshwork and ... Expression of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP), BMP receptors, and BMP associated proteins in human trabecular meshwork and ... Expression of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP), BMP receptors, and BMP associated proteins in human trabecular meshwork and ... T1 - Expression of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP), BMP receptors, and BMP associated proteins in human trabecular meshwork ...

https://experts.unthsc.edu/en/publications/expression-of-bone-morphogenetic-proteins-bmp-bmp-receptors-and-b

Note: BMPR2 = gene for bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2, LV = left ventricle. ... Excess endothelin-1 action through binding to endothelin receptors is inhibited by endothelin receptor antagonist medications ( ... 39 Long-term RCT data are available for the endothelin receptor antagonist macitentan and the prostanoid receptor agonist ... Effects of the dual endothelin-receptor antagonist bosentan in patients with pulmonary hypertension: a randomized placebo- ...

https://www.cmaj.ca/node/34721.full.print

... into Osteoblasts in a Perioxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma-Mediated Fashion via Bone Morphogenetic Protein ... into Osteoblasts in a Perioxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma-Mediated Fashion via Bone Morphogenetic Protein ... into Osteoblasts in a Perioxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma-Mediated Fashion via Bone Morphogenetic Protein ... into Osteoblasts in a Perioxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma-Mediated Fashion via Bone Morphogenetic Protein ...

https://www.medsci.org/v13p0806

Metabolomic analysis of bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 mutations in human pulmonary endothelium reveals widespread ... The cytolytic P2Z receptor for extracellular ATP identified as a P2X receptor (P2X7). Science 272, 735-738 (1996). ... Nitrotyrosine (protein oxidation), 4-HNE and MDA (lipid peroxidation) adducts levels were markedly elevated in AP-PSV relative ... ATP releases ATP or other nucleotides from human peripheral blood leukocytes through purinergic P2 receptors. Life Sci 145, 85- ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-13819-w?error=cookies_not_supported&code=bb966617-7c84-4dfb-8dd9-983d42314825

Edda Spiekerkoetter, the Spiekerkoetter Lab research focuses on the importance of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor 2 ( ... Edda Spiekerkoetter, our research focuses on the importance of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor 2 (BMPR2) signaling ...

https://med.stanford.edu/spiekerkoetterlab.html

Thirdly, germline mutations of the gene encoding bone morphogenetic protein receptor II have been recognised in patients with ... Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease caused by an inherited mutation in bone morphogenetic protein receptor II. Am J Respir Crit ... Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease in an adult following bone marrow transplantation. Chest 1996;109:1388-1391. ... Haematological malignancies, as well as chemotherapy (bleomycin, gemcitabin, etc.), radiotherapy or bone marrow transplantation ...

https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/27/1/108?ijkey=bd7ced7f38ca4b1b707f32c4eea33672fb074e40&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

... activin receptor-like kinase-2); transduces signals of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) ... ACVR1 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ACVR1 gene; also known as ALK-2 ( ... Inhibits signals along 3 pathways - Janus kinase (JAK) 1, JAK2, and activin A receptor type 1 (ACVR1) ...

https://reference.medscape.com/drug/momelotinib-4000329

RECEPTORS. The product of the DAF4 gene from Caenorhabditis elegans has been shown to be a receptor for BMP. Another receptor, ... About Bone Morphogenetic Proteins:. BMP is the generic name of a family of proteins, identified originally in extracts of ... With the exception of BMP1 members of the family of bone morphogenetic proteins (see also: gene family) belong to the TGF-beta ... For some components of extracellular pathways that regulate the activity of bone morphogenetic protein see also: BMPER, Chordin ...

https://www.prospecbio.com/bmp

Miyazono K, Kamiya Y, Morikawa M. Bone morphogenetic protein receptors and signal transduction. Am J Biochem. 2010;147(1):35-51 ... We see down-regulation of members of the transforming growth factor family, Tgfb2 and the bone morphogenetic proteins, Bmp4 and ... the bone morphogenetic proteins) and Wnt ligands [58]. In addition to changes in FGF signalling genes, we report decreased ... GMAP-210, A cis-Golgi network-associated protein, is a minus end microtubule-binding protein. J Cell Biol. 1999;145(1):83-98. ...

https://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12864-016-2801-4

Familial primary pulmonary hypertension (gene PPGH1) is caused by mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor-II gene ... BMPR = bone morphogenic protein receptor type II; CAV1 = caveolin-1; ENG = endoglin; HIV = human immunodeficiency virus.. ... Endothelin Receptor Antagonists (ERAs). Three ERAs are currently approved by the FDA. Bosentan (Tracleer), an orally ... Through a dynamic process of matrix protein degradation and synthesis, triggered by the high flow and pressure in the pulmonary ...

https://www.clevelandclinicmeded.com/medicalpubs/diseasemanagement/pulmonary/pulmonary-arterial-hypertension/

Type II Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors 16% 3 Citeringar (SciVal) * S100A6 is a critical regulator of hematopoietic stem ...

https://portal.research.lu.se/sv/persons/hooi-min-tan-grahn

keywords = "bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II, dehydroepiandrosterone, estrogen, pulmonary hypertension, serotonin", ...

https://pureportal.strath.ac.uk/en/publications/gender-sex-hormones-and-pulmonary-hypertension

Antagonism between Notch and bone morphogenetic protein receptor signaling regulates neurogenesis in the cerebellar rhombic lip ... Sprouty proteins: multifaceted negative-feedback regulators of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. Trends Cell Biol. ... the expression of which is induced by signaling through FGF receptors (FGFRs) and other receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs)(Mason ... Ectopic expression of an Fgf8 splice variant, Fgf8b, which encodes an FGF8 isoform with high affinity for FGF receptors(Olsen ...

https://journals.biologists.com/dev/article/135/5/889/65031/Specific-regions-within-the-embryonic-midbrain-and

Tyrosine kinase Eph receptor A6 sensitizes glioma-initiating cells towards bone morphogenetic protein-induced apoptosis. Raja E ... Title: Tyrosine kinase Eph receptor A6 sensitizes glioma-initiating cells towards bone morphogenetic protein-induced apoptosis. ... General protein information Go to the top of the page Help Preferred Names. ephrin type-A receptor 6. Names. EPH homology ... Pkinase_Tyr; Protein tyrosine kinase. pfam14575. Location:648 → 720. EphA2_TM; Ephrin type-A receptor 2 transmembrane domain. ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/285220

A dominant negative bone morphogenetic protein 4 receptor causes neuralization in Xenopus ectoderm. ... DVR-4 (bone morphogenetic protein-4) as a posterior-ventralizing factor in Xenopus mesoderm induction. ... Bone morphogenetic proteins acts as a ventral mesoderm modifier in early Xenopus embryos. ... The Spemann organizer signal noggin binds and inactivates bone morphogenetic protein 4. ...

https://journals.biologists.com/dev/article/128/4/551/41609/The-Wnt-activated-Xiro1-gene-encodes-a-repressor

Mutations in bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) are the cause of most heritable cases but the vast majority of other ... while the good prognosis subgroup is defined by upregulation of the bone morphogenetic protein signalling regulator NOG, and ... To examine causal relationships to PAH, protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) that influenced protein levels in the patient ... targeting 4,152 proteins was used to measure plasma proteins in patients with idiopathic, heritable or drug-induced-PAH from ...

https://www.imperial.ac.uk/people/l.howard/publications.html

Examining the Impact of Endothelial Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor 2 Loss on Interleukin-15 Signaling and the Pathogenesis ... Transactivation of the Insulin Receptor through G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Biased Agonism: A Novel Therapeutic Target for ... Natriuretic Peptide Receptors as Novel Targets for Atrial Fibrillation in Ang II Induced Hypertension (30 min) ... BM3 - P2X7 Receptor Plays a Role in Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension and Vascular Remodeling ...

https://hypertension.ca/congress/program/

It is that safe and thats because the bone morphogenetic proteins are specific to a receptor on the mesenchymal stem cell, and ... Bone morphogenetic proteins are one of the most unique classes of proteins that we know of that are stable and acid-resistant. ... That was found in this osteogenic protein complex. And what he decided to name it was bone morphogenetic protein. So, this was ... And it is the only BMPs…only product, oral protein complex that has bone morphogenetic proteins that are osteoinductive. ...

https://www.chiroeco.com/stem-cell-activation-webinar/

Familial primary pulmonary hypertension (gene PPH1) is caused by mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor-II gene. ... or endothelial receptor antagonists, [27],[28],[29],[30] or a combination of both therapies. Some patients have also used ...

https://www.thoracicmedicine.org/article.asp?issn=1817-1737

The effects of bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 mutation on right ventricular function in pulmonary arterial ...

https://k-ris.keio.ac.jp/html/100002837_en.html

7-11 Mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II gene (BMPR2), a receptor member of the transforming growth ... 12 Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) were originally identified as proteins regulating growth and differentiation of bone and ... Mutations of the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II gene (BMPR2), a component of the transforming growth factor beta ( ... a TGF-β receptor complex accessory protein) and the putative TGF-β type 1 receptor, ALK-1, have been identified in hereditary ...

https://jmg.bmj.com/content/37/10/741

... thus affecting bone and joint development. The symptoms include abnormal skeletal development and conductive deafness. Methods ... The noggin protein encoded by the NOG gene can interfere with the binding of bone morphogenetic protein to its receptor, ... The noggin protein encoded by the NOG gene can interfere with the binding of bone morphogenetic protein to its receptor, thus ... The noggin protein encoded by the NOG gene can interfere with the binding of bone morphogenetic protein to its receptor, thus ...

https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-42135/v2

... and upregulation of pulmonary bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2)-expressing cells, a receptor that activates ... Bone Mineral Density in Lung Transplantation Nishi, S. P., Gupta, M. R., Lombard, G. A., LaPlace, S. G., Seaone, L., Dhillon, G ... We identified West Nile virus (WNV) RNA in skin, fat, muscle, tendon, and bone marrow from a deceased donor associated with WNV ... We found that LTB4 acted through its receptor, BLT1, to induce PAEC apoptosis by inhibiting the protective endothelial ...

https://profiles.stanford.edu/gundeep-dhillon

Bone morphogenetic protein receptors are serine-threonine kinase receptors. (wikipedia.org)
These proteins transduce their signals through the formation of heteromeric complexes of 2 different types of serine (threonine) kinase receptors: type I receptors of about 50-55 kD and type II receptors of about 70-80 kD. (abbexa.com)
and transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway. (nih.gov)
Tyrosine kinase Eph receptor A6 sensitizes glioma-initiating cells towards bone morphogenetic protein-induced apoptosis. (nih.gov)
Dorsomorphin dihydrochloride is a potent inhibitor of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) (K i = 109 nM). (tocris.com)
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of MetF. (tocris.com)
BMP-2 and insulin-like growth factor-I mediate Osterix (Osx) expression in human mesenchymal stem cells via the MAPK and protein kinase D signaling pathways. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
AXL receptor tyrosine kinase [Source. (gsea-msigdb.org)
The genetic cause of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva was identified as a recurrent missense mutation in the GS activation domain of activin receptor Ia/activinlike kinase 2 ( ACVR1/ALK2 ), a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type I receptor, in all individuals with classic fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. (medscape.com)
kinase( Brk )) is a member of the non- receptor protein- tyrosine kinase family and is expressed in two- thirds of all breast tumors. (wikigenes.org)
PTK6( also known as Brk ) is a non- receptor protein tyrosine kinase, whose m... with the activation of its kinase activity by calcium/ ionomycin and its influence on K10 expression, all indicate. (wikigenes.org)
Stand up to cancer phase Ib study of pan-phosphoinositide-3-kinase inhibitor buparlisib with letrozole in estrogen receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative metastatic breast cancer. (vanderbilt.edu)
Its correspond ing protein includes a constitutively activated tyrosine kinase that may be central for the pathogenesis of CML. (pde-inhibitors.com)
Our data indicate that the basal degree of MAPK C5a Receptor/CD88 Proteins custom synthesis kinase activity could be important in regulating LOX and LOXL in TM cells. (bet-bromodomain.com)
BMP influences AV node development through Alk3 receptor (Activin receptor-like kinase 3). (wikipedia.org)
It is a transmembrane serine/threonine kinase receptor, which upon BMP binding mediates the activation of intracellular Smad downstream effectors. (leafbioscience.com)
Estradiol rapidly activated MAPK phosphorylation including extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, p38, and stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase pathways and BMP6, BMP7, and activin preferentially inhibited estradiol-induced p38 phosphorylation. (elsevier.com)
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAPK4 gene . (cloudfront.net)
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 4 is a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family. (cloudfront.net)
Tyrosine kinase growth factor receptors activate mitogen-activated protein kinases which then translocate into the nucleus where it phosphorylates nuclear targets. (cloudfront.net)
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAPK9 gene . (cloudfront.net)
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the MAP kinase family. (cloudfront.net)
Taken from the article 'Targeting tumour vasculature by inhibiting activing receptor-like kinase (ALK)1 function' by de Vinuesa et al. (silverchair.com)
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)9 and BMP10 are high affinity ligands for activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1), a type I BMP receptor mainly expressed on vascular endothelial cells (ECs). (silverchair.com)
WNK Lysine-Deficient Protein Kinase 1" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (ucdenver.edu)
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "WNK Lysine-Deficient Protein Kinase 1" by people in this website by year, and whether "WNK Lysine-Deficient Protein Kinase 1" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (ucdenver.edu)
Below are the most recent publications written about "WNK Lysine-Deficient Protein Kinase 1" by people in Profiles. (ucdenver.edu)
Computer virus binding is also to KCTD19 antibody activate cellular pathways, including PI3K/Akt (10), MAP kinase ERK1/2 (11), and p38 (12), as well as signaling through TLR receptors (13), which results in significant reprogramming of cellular gene expression (8). (bioxorio.com)
Regulation of phospholipase D and secretion in mast cells by protein kinase A and other protein kinases. (jefferson.edu)
C2C12BRELuc cells were treated with recombinant BMP2 in combination with NO donors and substrate (Deta NONOate, SNAP & L-Arginine), NOS inhibitor (LNAME), soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) inhibitor (LY83583) and activator (YC-1), BMP type-I receptor inhibitor (LDN-193189), or protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor (H89). (fu-berlin.de)
In response to BMP ligands, this protein can be phosphorylated and activated by the BMP receptor kinase. (3billion.io)
BMP9 and BMP10 are the ALK1 (Activin receptor-Like Kinase 1) ligands and are key regulators of vascular remodeling, but their respective biological activities are still a matter of debate. (bci-lab.fr)
Moreover, baicalein upregulated bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 mRNA and phosphorylation of Smad 1/5/8 and Wnt ligand mRNA, glycogen synthase kinase-3, and nuclear [Formula: see text]-catenin. (greenmedinfo.com)
Modulation of a recombinant glycine transporter (GLYT1b) by activation of protein kinase C. " Kohji Sato ", R. Adams, H. Betz and P. Schloss. (hama-med.ac.jp)
The recombinant GABA transporter GAT1 is downregulated upon activation of protein kinase C. " Kohji Sato ", H. Betz and P. Schloss. (hama-med.ac.jp)
All members of the VEGF family stimulate cellular responses by binding to tyrosine kinase receptors (the VEGFRs) on the cell surface, causing them to dimerize and become activated through transphosphorylation . (mdwiki.org)
The VEGF receptors have an extracellular portion consisting of 7 immunoglobulin -like domains, a single transmembrane spanning region and an intracellular portion containing a split tyrosine-kinase domain. (mdwiki.org)
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) cross-talks with canonical Wnt signaling via phosphorylation of beta-catenin at Ser 552. (semanticscholar.org)

The ligands of this receptor are BMPs, which are members of the TGF-beta superfamily. (abbexa.com)
BMPs are involved in endochondral bone formation and embryogenesis. (abbexa.com)
Purpose: Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are multi-functional cytokines that have wide ranging effects on a variety of cells and tissues. (unthsc.edu)
In the present study, we profile the expression of BMPs, BMP receptors, and BMP associated proteins in the human trabecular meshwork (TM) and optic nerve head (ONH), two tissues involved in glaucoma pathogenesis. (unthsc.edu)
Conclusions: Members of the BMP family of genes, including BMPs, BMP receptors, and inhibitory BMP associated proteins are expressed in the human TM and ONH. (unthsc.edu)
So we're going to go through its inflammatory modulating effects of what's called BMPs, which I'm going to refer to pretty frequently throughout the presentation, that's called bone morphogenetic proteins. (chiroeco.com)
I will go through these BMPs and their stem cell signaling pathway, and then we're going to talk about just principles of bone and cartilage. (chiroeco.com)
[ 5 ] BMPs are members of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily and play a role in the development of bone and other tissues. (medscape.com)
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are potent regulators of several cellular events. (pucv.cl)
Binding is weak but enhanced by the presence of type I receptors for BMPs. (icr.ac.uk)
BRK - 2 and BRK - 3, which constitute dual- affinity signaling receptor complexes for BMPs, are co- expressed in condensing precartilaginous cells, while BRK - 1 is weakly expressed in the limb. (wikigenes.org)
BMP-9, also known as growth and differentiation factor 2 (GDF-2), is a member of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMPs) family, which is important for the development of bone and cartilage. (mclab.com)
BMPs belong to the TGF-β superfamily of structurally related signaling proteins. (mclab.com)
The active form of BMPs can consist of a dimer of two identical proteins or a heterodimer of two related bone morphogenetic proteins. (mclab.com)
BMPs signal through type I and type II receptor tyrosine kinases and signal through SMAD proteins. (mclab.com)
Here, we investigated the effects of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) on breast cancer cell proliferation caused by estrogen using human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. (elsevier.com)
Noggin belongs to a course of polypeptides that bind to bone tissue morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and therefore NS1 stops the activation of BMP receptors (71). (grefi-mefi.org)
TGF-β-related molecules are expressed in all metazoan organisms investigated to date and include TGF-βs, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), growth and differentiation factors (GDFs), activins, inhibins, Müllerian inhibiting substance (MIS, also termed anti-Müllerian hormone, AMH), nodal, and leftys (de Caestecker 2004). (cshmonographs.org)
This protein mediates the signals of the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), which are involved in a range of biological activities including cell growth, apoptosis, morphogenesis, development and immune responses. (3billion.io)
BCI researchers are studying how Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) control the development and stability of blood vessels. (bci-lab.fr)
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) are major players in the development of multicellular organisms. (bci-lab.fr)

Type II receptors bind ligands in the absence of type I receptors, but they require their respective type I receptors for signaling, whereas type I receptors require their respective type II receptors for ligand binding. (abbexa.com)
A miRNA microarray analysis was conducted to evaluate the miRNA expression profile during receptor activator of nuclear factor‑κB ligand‑stimulated osteoclastogenesis. (spandidos-publications.com)
For example, osteoblast-secreted receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) (RANK) ligand (RANKL) binds to the RANK receptor on osteoclasts, thus promoting osteoclast survival and osteoclastogenesis ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
On ligand binding, forms a receptor complex consisting of two type II and two type I transmembrane serine/threonine kinases. (icr.ac.uk)
Disruption of FKBP12-ALK2 interaction increases hepcidin and renders the receptor responsive to the inflammatory ligand Activin A. (ashpublications.org)
The Notch signaling pathway is induced via distinct cell-to-cell connections, which are activated through the binding of the Notch ligand on the surface of niche cells to the Notch receptor on ISCs. (eurekaselect.com)
In 1997, the receptor activator of the nuclear factor-kappa-B ligand (RANKL)/RANK/osteoprotegerin (OPG) pathway was identified as a crucial molecular pathway of the coupling between osteoblasts and osteoclasts [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Development of small molecule inhibitors targeting TGF-ß ligand and receptor: Structures, mechanism, preclinical studies and clinical usage. (harvard.edu)
Recently, bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) was identified as a high affinity ligand for ALK1. (ru.nl)
Dalantercept, an Fc-fusion protein of the extracellular domain of ALK1 and a ligand trap for BMP9 and BMP10, is in phase II clinical trials for anti-tumour angiogenesis. (silverchair.com)
Their intracellular regions can harbor catalytic domains, such as the receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), or can serve as scaffolds that mediate the assembly of large, multicomponent signaling complexes, usually in response to ligand-induced receptor clustering. (cshmonographs.org)
Most abundant precursor longer than 3 weeks, or you have been prescribed a high dose ligand can therefore provoke receptor activation and binding to a nuclear receptor which is its probable consequence, suggesting that these steps are not the only critical determinants for. (thesalarmy.com)
[6] A third receptor has been discovered (VEGFR-3), however, VEGF-A is not a ligand for this receptor. (mdwiki.org)
A Wnt protein and ligand for FRIZZLED RECEPTORS that may function as an inhibitor or activator of the WNT SIGNALING PATHWAY. (semanticscholar.org)

There are four bone morphogenetic protein receptors: Bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type 1: ACVR1 BMPR1A BMPR1B Bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type 2 Both type 1 and 2 bone morphogenetic protein receptors have a single transmembrane segment. (wikipedia.org)
In the present study, deletion of the BMP receptor genes, Bmpr1b and Bmpr1a , in the mouse telencephalon results in a loss of all dorsal midline cell types without affecting the specification of cortical and ventral precursors. (silverchair.com)
Markers connected with stem cells and stem cell niche categories in the books include Stro-1 bone tissue morphogenetic proteins receptor 1a (BMPr1a) Patched Notch1 integrin β1 and N-cadherin. (biomarketx.net)
2007). BMPr1a continues to be characterized in epithelial cells where inactivation of the protein leads to overproduction of stem cells (Zhang et al. (biomarketx.net)
2006). Much like BMPr1a it's been proven that mice missing one allele from the Sonic hedgehog receptor Patched got a decreased amount of neural progenitors (Moshiri & Reh 2004). (biomarketx.net)

The proteins for BMP2, BMP4, BMP5, BMP7, and all three BMP receptors were expressed in cultured human TM and ONH cells. (unthsc.edu)
Addition of the BMPR-II specific ligands, BMP2 and BMP4, in the culture medium of the endothelial cells seeded on type I collagen increased [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation into cellular DNA, indicating that endothelial cells were able to form a functional receptor. (bioteckacademy.com)
Previous studies demonstrate that ectopic expression of dominant negative BMP4 receptor. (koreamed.org)
The purpose of the research was to explore the therapeutic action of simvastatin-loaded poly(ethylene glycol)- b -poly(gamma-benzyl l-glutamate) (PEG- b -PBLG 50 ) on intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury (II/RI) through downregulating bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4)/cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) pathway as compared to free simvastatin (Sim). (dovepress.com)
Furthermore, mRNA expression of bone morphogenetic protein 4 ( BMP4 ) (p = 0.0083) and BMP7 (p = 0.0330) decreased in RG2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor co-activator-1α ( PGC-1α ) reduced in RG2 and RG1. (animbiosci.org)
In addition, the serum testosterone (T) level of ARMs in male rats on PND1 was significantly lower than that of controls with accompanying reduced expression of androgen receptor (AR), sonic hedgehog (Shh) and bone morphogenetic protein 4 (Bmp4) mRNA from tissues of the terminal rectum. (barrowneuro.org)
Wnt flagging is an upstream controller of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP4) and FGF, both significant in lung advancement. (alliedacademies.org)

This gene encodes a member of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor family of transmembrane serine/threonine kinases. (abbexa.com)
BMPR2 = gene for bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2, LV = left ventricle. (cmaj.ca)
Differential gene expression of Eph receptors and ephrins in benign human tissues and cancers. (nih.gov)
Mutations of the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II gene ( BMPR2), a component of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) family which plays a key role in cell growth, have recently been identified as causing familial PPH. (bmj.com)
CONCLUSION The sporadic form of PPH is associated with germline mutations of the gene encoding the receptor protein BMPR-II in at least 26% of cases. (bmj.com)
7-11 Mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II gene ( BMPR2 ), a receptor member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) family, have recently been identified as causing FPPH. (bmj.com)
Background: The noggin protein encoded by the NOG gene can interfere with the binding of bone morphogenetic protein to its receptor, thus affecting bone and joint development. (researchsquare.com)
Evidence of selection at insulin receptor substrate-1 gene loci. (cdc.gov)
Inarigivir is an oral, selective immunomodulator that attaches to the cellular proteins retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 (RIG-I) to block viral replication. (clinicaltrialsarena.com)
Findings suggest that fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva maps to band 4q27-31, a region that contains at least 1 gene involved in the bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signaling pathway. (medscape.com)
The genetic cause of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva lies within the ACVR1 gene, which encodes a type I BMP transmembrane receptor. (medscape.com)
A novel mutation in the activin A type 1 receptor gene was described in one patient. (medscape.com)
Protein class the gene product belongs to according to selected gene lists. (proteinatlas.org)
Number of protein-coding transcribed from this gene as defined by Ensembl . (proteinatlas.org)
Each fraction of mouse hematopoietic cells was purified by cell sorting from bone marrow of 8-week-old C57BL/6 mice, and its gene expression was analyzed. (gsea-msigdb.org)
Our results demonstrated that MSCs derived from bone marrow and adipose tissue shared not only in vitro tri-lineage differentiation potential, but also gene expression profiles. (nih.gov)
Relationship between vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and second acid-fast bacilli smear-positive during treatment for tuberculosis patients. (cdc.gov)
Association analysis of pulmonary tuberculosis and vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms of Han population in Western China. (cdc.gov)
FokI polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene and susceptibility to tuberculosis: Evidence through a meta-analysis. (cdc.gov)
Differential distribution in vitamin D receptor gene variants and expression profile in Northeast Brazil influences upon active pulmonary tuberculosis. (cdc.gov)
Association between vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and pulmonary tuberculosis in a Mexican population. (cdc.gov)
The protein encoded by this gene is a type I transmembrane protein. (nih.gov)
Description of the protein which includes the UniProt Function and the NCBI Gene Summary. (nih.gov)
A gene on chromosome 2p13.3, bone morphogenetic protein-10, which plays a key role in trabeculation of the embryonic heart, acting via receptor serine/ threonine kinases. (thefreedictionary.com)
Using gene expression and synthetic peptide arrays on membrane support and overlay analyses, we found here that inhibiting USP7 increases NF-ĸB ubiquitination and degradation, prevents Toll-like receptor-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, and represents an effective strategy for controlling inflammation. (jbc.org)
Understanding the regulation of BMP9 and BMP10, at both gene and protein levels, under physiological and pathological conditions, will reveal essential information and potential novel prognostic markers for the BMP9/BMP10-targeted therapies. (silverchair.com)
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the SMAD, a family of proteins similar to the gene products of the Drosophila gene 'mothers against decapentaplegic' (Mad) and the C. elegans gene Sma. (3billion.io)
Uterine androgen receptors: roles in estrogen-mediated gene expressionand DNA synthesis. (uams.edu)
Gene expression of KA-type and NMDA receptors and a glycine transporter in the rat pineal gland. (hama-med.ac.jp)
GDF15 can be known as macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1), prostate-derived element (PDF), placental bone tissue morphogenetic proteins (PLAB), placental changing growth element (PTGF), and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-activated gene-1 (NAG-1) [94]. (cp-724714.com)
Gene-expression analysis of the articular cartilage and subchondral bone of three wild-type and three Frzb -/- mice was performed by microarray. (biomedcentral.com)

Led by Dr. Edda Spiekerkoetter, our research focuses on the importance of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor 2 (BMPR2) signaling pathway in pulmonary, pulmonary-vascular as well as cardiac disease. (stanford.edu)
Genetic and evolutionary analyses of the human bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) in the pathophysiology of obesity. (cdc.gov)
Reduced bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) signaling is central to the pathobiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). (cam.ac.uk)
Type I receptors ALK2 and ALK3 have a crucial role 8 in hepatocytes, whereas type II receptors (BMPR2 and ACVR2A) have a redundant function in hepcidin regulation. (ashpublications.org)

Recombinant protein of human BMPR1B. (abbexa.com)
Second, we have expressed a dominant-negative form of the type 1 Bmp family receptor Alk6 ( Bmpr1b - Mouse Genome Informatics) in the lens in transgenic mice and shown that an inhibition of primary fiber cell differentiation can be detected at E13.5. (silverchair.com)

Members of the TGF-β family signal by binding to types I and II cell surface receptors and activating serine/threonine kinases by formation of heteromeric complexes. (bmj.com)
Drosophila sequences at chromosomal positions 25D( Brk 25D) and 43E( Brk 43E) are similar to the TGF beta type I receptor serine/ threonine kinases and are expressed broadly during embryogenesis. (wikigenes.org)
Integrin α2βl mediated the activation of protein serine/threonine phosphatase, PP2A, and as a result of that, PP2A inactivated Akt/PKB by dephosphorylation. (jyu.fi)
A schematic representation of TGF-β and BMP9 signalling in endothelial cells via their serine/threonine type I and type II receptors, co-receptor endoglin and downstream Smad intracellular proteins. (silverchair.com)

In the presence of appropriate ligands, such as BMP2 for basal activation 3 and BMP6 for the iron-dependent response, 4-7 BMP type II receptors (BMPR-IIs), which are constitutively active, phosphorylate type I receptors (BMPR-Is). (ashpublications.org)
In an effort to understand the function of this variant protein, we generated a mouse line in which BMP2 is expressed and functions normally, but nBMP2 is excluded from the nucleus. (hindawi.com)
Had it entered the secretory pathway, the protein would have been cleaved at a furin-type proprotein convertase recognition sequence to release the mature BMP2 growth factor. (hindawi.com)
The growth factor bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) plays an important role in bone development and repair. (fu-berlin.de)
As nitric oxide (NO) signaling plays a role in bone fracture healing and an association with the BMP2 pathway has been indicated, this study aimed to investigate the relationship of BMP2 and NO pathways and whether NO can enhance BMP2-induced signaling and osteogenic abilities in vitro. (fu-berlin.de)
Encouragingly, this treatment did not lead to harmful mechanical stress, which may reduce effectiveness, and addition of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2)-releasing polymer microspheres further boosted bone growth by providing an additional growth stimulus. (epigenie.com)

Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of Basic Salivary Proline Rich Protein 1 from Human in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids. (lipidx.org)

In the process of bone maintenance and repair, extracellular signaling transduction between osteoblasts and osteoclasts serves a crucial role in bone homeo-stasis ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
The MSHs and ACTH bind to the extracellular G-protein-coupled melanocortin receptors (MCR), of which there are five subtypes. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Proteolysis of protein on the cell surface and extracellular matrix proteolysis is a very important process. (pbkom.eu)
Extracellular substance of bone tissue consisting of COLLAGEN fibers, ground substance, and inorganic crystalline minerals and salts. (lookformedical.com)
Bone-forming cells which secrete an EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX. (lookformedical.com)
Transmembrane signaling receptors are the primary conduit whereby extracellular polypeptide cues regulate cell function. (cshmonographs.org)
Finally, coreceptors can promote binding of extracellular factors to their appropriate signaling receptors and thus have a critical role in mediating high-affinity and high-specificity interactions. (cshmonographs.org)
For example, the glycosaminoglycan heparin sulfate, which is found in the extracellular environment, is required for fibroblast growth factor (FGF) binding to its cognate RTK signaling receptors. (cshmonographs.org)
Extracellular matrix proteins are most often defined by their direct function that involves receptor binding and subsequent downstream signaling. (diamond.ac.uk)
However, these proteins often contain structural binding regions that allow for the proper localization in the extracellular space which guides its correct function in a local and temporal manner. (diamond.ac.uk)
Sequence analysis has revealed the presence of 31 copies of an extracellular domain, here called CUB, in 16 functionally diverse proteins such as the dorso-ventral patterning protein tolloid, bone morphogenetic protein 1, a family of spermadhesins, complement subcomponents Cls/Clr and the neuronal recognition molecule A5. (embl.de)
Our analysis provides evidence for tight regulation of WNT signalling, shifts in extracellular matrix components and effects on cell proliferation and differentiation in the articular cartilage - subchondral bone unit in Frzb -/- mice. (biomedcentral.com)
Insoluble physical microenvironment describes the biochemical cues given to extracellular matrix (ECM) protein for enhanced attachment and orientation. (springeropen.com)

The differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells towards an osteoblastic fate depends on numerous signaling pathways, including activation of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling components. (medsci.org)
In our previous study, we demonstrated that an agonist of the perioxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a master regulator of adipocyte differentiation, stimulates osteoblastic differentiation of cultured human periosteum-derived cells. (medsci.org)
X-MyT1, a Xenopus C2HC-type zinc finger protein with a regulatory function in neuronal differentiation. (biologists.com)
Hematoxylin and eosin and tartrate‑resistant acid phosphatase staining were performed to analyze the trabecular bone microstructure and osteoclast differentiation. (spandidos-publications.com)
The results revealed that in vitro osteoclast differentiation and in vivo bone resorption were suppressed by miR‑100‑5p overexpression. (spandidos-publications.com)
Conversely, miR-214 promotes osteoclastogenesis, and inhibits osteoblast differentiation and bone formation ( 10 , 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Dorsomorphin dihydrochloride also inhibits bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type I receptors (ALK2, ALK3 and ALK6), promotes cardiomyogenesis in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in vitro and promotes neural differentiation of hPSCs as part of a chemical cocktail. (tocris.com)
In this study, we investigated the immunophenotype, proliferative potential, multilineage differentiation and immunomodulatory capacity of MSCs derived from different tissue sources, namely bone marrow, adipose tissue, the placenta and umbilical cord blood. (nih.gov)
Active calciﬁcation with bone formation results from osteogenic differentiation of resident or circulating calcifying vascular cells. (verjournal.com)
Osteoprogenitor cells were used as bone precursors to determine the expression of biosignaling growth factor in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. (elsevier.com)
Consistently, reactive scars that upregulate and activate bone morphogenetic proteins suppressed OPC differentiation into oligodendrocytes and impaired Puromycin mechanism of action functional restoration soon after contusive SCI (Wang et al. (icbinhibitor.com)
2011). Therapy with bone morphogenetic protein receptor antagonists promoted OPC differentiation into myelinating oligodendrocytes furthermore to cutting down astrocyte differentiation.Creator Manuscript Creator Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript3. (icbinhibitor.com)
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) cell signaling plays a key role in diverse aspects of cardiac differentiation and morphogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
A potent osteoinductive protein that plays a critical role in the differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells into OSTEOBLASTS. (lookformedical.com)
Collectively, these research reveal that TJ proteins donate to the control of cell proliferation Nalmefene hydrochloride and differentiation necessary for developing and keeping a tissue hurdle. (eurobiophysics.org)
Using "molecular fishing" techniques the researchers were able to extract the cells that express these two proteins, culture them and show that the presence of BMP-7 triggered their proliferation and differentiation into beta cells. (news-medical.net)
Whereas parathormone administration doubles the number of bone marrow nestin(+) cells and favours their osteoblastic differentiation, in vivo nestin(+) cell depletion rapidly reduces HSC content in the bone marrow. (bioseek.eu)
Functional differentiation of uterine stromal cells involves cross-regulation between bone morphogenetic protein 2 and Kruppel-like factor (KLF) family members KLF9 and KLF13. (uams.edu)
Moreover, different in vitro studies showed that EGF affects processes associated with bone healing, such as osteoblast differentiation and bone resorption. (bjbms.org)
Osteopontin (OPN) and cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31) were detected by immunochemistry, as indicators of bone remodeling and vascular density, respectively. (bjbms.org)
Matsuda N, Kimar NM, Ramakrishnan PR, Cho M-I. Role of epidermal growth factor receptor in osteoblastic differentiation of rat bone marrow stromal cells. (bjbms.org)

Today's webinar, "Breakthrough in Stem Cell Activation: The First Oral Protein Complex for Tissue Regeneration. (chiroeco.com)
The pathway helps regulate growth and development of bone and other tissue. (stjude.org)
The precursor protein proopiomelanocortin (POMC) produces many biologically active peptides via a series of enzymatic steps in a tissue-specific manner, yielding the melanocyte-stimulating hormones (MSHs), corticotrophin (ACTH) and beta-endorphin. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Neural tissue is arisen from presumptive ectoderm via inhibition of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling during Xenopus early development. (koreamed.org)
Such constructs may be useful as synthetic bone-graft materials in orthopaedic tissue engineering. (elsevier.com)
The soft tissue filling the cavities of bones. (lookformedical.com)
Bone marrow is made up of a framework of connective tissue containing branching fibers with the frame being filled with marrow cells. (lookformedical.com)
Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES. (lookformedical.com)
Renewal or repair of lost bone tissue. (lookformedical.com)
Synthetic or natural materials for the replacement of bones or bone tissue. (lookformedical.com)
The bone substitutes as inert materials can be incorporated into surrounding tissue or gradually replaced by original tissue. (lookformedical.com)
Lee have shown an increase in MAP1LC3B\II protein levels in lung tissue from iPAH patients compared with controls 24. (leafbioscience.com)
Mitochondria from EcsitN209I/N209I hearts showed a reduction in total complex I protein as well as a loss of enzymatic activity and fully assembled complex I. Interestingly, this mitochondrial dysfunction was limited to the heart with other tissues maintaining protein levels and complex I function at or close to wild type levels, suggesting that there may be tissue specific differences in the complex I assembly pathway. (bl.uk)
After publication of the results gained for the regulators of cartilage metabolism bFGF and IGF-I [ 3 ], this article focuses on the role of the Bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 7 (BMP-2, BMP-7) that both are recognized as candidate growth factors with good potential in cartilage tissue engineering as well as cartilage repair. (biomedcentral.com)
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Sclerostin Domain Containing Protein 1 (SOSTDC1) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids. (glideruniversity.org)
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Human Sclerostin Domain Containing Protein 1 (SOSTDC1) in samples from Serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species. (glideruniversity.org)
as well as the bone tissue morphogenetic protein (BMP) [39]. (eurobiophysics.org)
Dominguez-Bendala and team have previously shown that a growth factor called bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) stimulates progenitor-like cells within cultured human non-endocrine pancreatic tissue. (news-medical.net)
They also express a cell surface receptor called ALK3 that has been associated with tissue regeneration. (news-medical.net)
Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Mouse Protein C Receptor, Endothelial (PROCR) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates or other biological fluids. (elisastrip.com)

TGF-β and BMP receptor kinases activate Smad transcription factors by C-terminal phosphorylation. (elsevier.com)
The phosphorylated linker is ultimately recognized by specific ubiquitin ligases, leading to proteasome-mediated turnover of activated Smad proteins. (elsevier.com)
Type II receptors phosphorylate and activate type I receptors which autophosphorylate, then bind and activate SMAD transcriptional regulators. (icr.ac.uk)
High impact information on brk Furthermore, we present genetic and biochemical evidence that the brk silencer serves as a direct target for a protein complex consisting of the Smad homologs Mad/ Medea and the zinc finger protein Schnurri. (wikigenes.org)
By blocking SMAD signaling with SIS3, we also observed that gremlin induction of LOX proteins is inhibited. (bet-bromodomain.com)
MCF-7 cells express estrogen receptors (ESP1 and ESR2), BMP receptors, and SMAD signaling molecules. (elsevier.com)
SMAD proteins are signal transducers and transcriptional modulators that mediate multiple signaling pathways. (3billion.io)
This protein is a target for SMAD-specific E3 ubiquitin ligases, such as SMURF1 and SMURF2, and undergoes ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation. (3billion.io)

In the early Xenopus embryo, the Xiro homeodomain proteins of the Iroquois (Iro) family control the expression of proneural genes and the size of the neural plate. (biologists.com)
Furthermore, tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-6-activated NF-κB signaling induces the initialization of nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), which is a key transcription factor for osteoclastogenesis and stimulates the expression of various osteoclast-specific genes, including tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), cathepsin K (Ctsk) and calcitonin receptor ( 2 , 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
By analysing genes participating in this event, the bone morphogenetic protein receptor-II (BMPR-II) was detected to be upregulated in cells cultured on or within fibrillar type I collagen. (bioteckacademy.com)
Morphogen receptor genes and metamorphogenes: skeleton keys to metamorphosis. (medscape.com)
Genetic polymorphism of prolactin, bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1B and Insulin- like growth factor 1 genes in two selected lines of Japanese quail. (ac.ir)
The primary downstream focus on genes of BMP signaling will be the Identification proteins. (grefi-mefi.org)
Several genetic mutations in the genes encoding the ligands and receptors of this pathway have been reported in two cardiovascular diseases, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). (silverchair.com)
Several WNT receptors, target genes and other antagonists were up-regulated, but no difference in active β-catenin was found. (biomedcentral.com)

Hemojuvelin regulates hepcidin expression via a selective subset of BMP ligands and receptors independently of neogenin. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)

aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear tra. (gsea-msigdb.org)
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor regulates expression of mucosal trafficking receptor GPR15. (stanford.edu)
Here we report the presence of two highly conserved aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) binding sequences in a 3' enhancer of GPR15, leading us to investigate AHR function in regulating GPR15 expression. (stanford.edu)

Heterodimeric nuclear receptors: constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), pregnane X receptor and the. (pbkom.eu)
Importantly, E12.5 equatorial lens vesicle cells showed cell-surface immunoreactivity for bone-morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 and nuclear immunoreactivity for the active, phosphorylated form of the Bmp responsive Smads. (silverchair.com)
In the absence of such cleavage, however, a bipartite nuclear localization signal that overlaps the proprotein convertase recognition sequence directs translocation of the variant protein to the nucleus [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Stress stimuli or growth factor deprivation promotes nuclear localization and activation of FoxO proteins, which-depending on the cellular context-can lead to cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. (jbc.org)
of important cell routine modulators, by binding and regulating their nuclear gain access to, while in additional instances, junctional proteins can be found at mobile organelles, regulating proliferation and transcription. (eurobiophysics.org)

Here, we report that Hic-5 binds to Smads 1, 5 and 8, and represses bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling responses. (nature.com)
These novel findings were further elaborated with multiple analyses demonstrating that Gal-3 binds to the bone morphogenetic protein receptor one alpha (BMPR1α) and increases bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. (ox.ac.uk)
Integrin α3βl also binds collagen, but it is an assisting receptor. (jyu.fi)
We observed that, like Sc WhiD and other Wbl proteins, Sv WhiD binds a [4Fe-4S] cluster that is moderately sensitive to O 2 and highly sensitive to nitric oxide (NO). (jbc.org)
The Nalmefene hydrochloride binding of TGF to its receptor TGFR2 leads to its recruitment towards the junctional complicated where it binds to occludin and promotes phosphorylation from the polarity protein PAR6. (eurobiophysics.org)
TGF binds its receptor and it is recruited towards Nalmefene hydrochloride the junction where it interacts with occludin and ZO-1. (eurobiophysics.org)
ERBB2 binds to PAR6/PKC proteins, but PAR3 turns into dissociated in the complicated, which total leads to overall altered cell polarization. (eurobiophysics.org)
It binds to TGF- receptor to activate SMAD2 and SMAD3 pathways. (cp-724714.com)
In addition to binding to VEGFRs, TACO VEGF binds to receptor complexes consisting of both neuropilins and VEGFRs. (mdwiki.org)

We propose a model of artificial juxtacrine signaling for the controlled release of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) suitable for guided bone regeneration. (elsevier.com)

The evolutionarily conserved signalling intermediate in the toll pathway (ECSIT) is a 50 kDa protein involved in the function of many pathways and implicated in a variety of phenotypes. (bl.uk)
Homeostasis of articular cartilage and subchondral bone is essential for maintenance of joint function which is critically dependent on the balance between anabolic and catabolic signaling pathways [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Differential proinflammatory and prooxidant effects of bone morphogenetic protein-4 in coronary and pulmonary arterial endothelial cells. (nature.com)
Methods: Total RNA was isolated and subjected to reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to examine the expression of BMP, BMP receptor, and BMP associated proteins in tissues and cultured cells from the human TM and ONH (ONH astrocytes and lamina cribrosa cells). (unthsc.edu)
Western immunoblotting was used to study the expression of BMP and BMP receptor proteins in cultured human TM and ONH cells. (unthsc.edu)
As a dynamic metabolic system, bone modeling or remodeling is modulated by two major bone cells: Osteoblasts, which are able to secrete bone matrix and accelerate calcium (Ca) deposition, and osteoclasts, which are responsible for resolving mineralized bone matrix ( 1 - 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
In addition, the binding of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) to its receptor, colony stimulating factor receptor, has been reported to be essential for the generation of osteoclast precursor cells that are present prior to RANKL stimulation ( 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Immunoblot analysis was used to measure the expression of δEF1 at the protein level in δEF1-overexpressing and δEF1-interfered MDA-MB-231 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The cholesterol-independent effects of statins can be explained by the fact that HMG-CoA reductase not only regulates cholesterol synthesis in the liver but also provides all cells of the body with isoprenoids involved in (iso)prenylation of important signaling proteins. (medscape.com)
More targeted sequencing of additional tumors was conducted to track how instructions encoded in DNA were translated into the proteins that do the work of cells. (stjude.org)
Bone morphogenetic protein antagonist gremlin 1 is widely expressed by cancer-associated stromal cells and can promote tumor cell proliferation. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
The Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 Up-Regulates the Anti-Müllerian Hormone Receptor Expression in Granulosa Cells. (inra.fr)
The rhBMP-2-conjugated scaffold prolonged stimulation of intracellular signal proteins in cells. (elsevier.com)
Yellow marrow is found in the large cavities of large bones and consists mostly of fat cells and a few primitive blood cells. (lookformedical.com)
2009). Progenitor cells/stem cells can additional be determined and seen as a their manifestation of specific protein although no exclusive marker because of this kind of cell is present today. (biomarketx.net)
But now new research from Rockefeller University has unveiled the protein that puts the brakes on stem cell division and shows that stem cells may not need such guarded protection to maintain their potency. (hairsite.com)
Activated immune cells at sites of inflammation produce a wide spectrum of cytokines in favor of increased bone resorption in RA and AS, resulting in bone erosions, osteitis, and peri-inflammatory and systemic bone loss. (biomedcentral.com)
At the inside, bones are the host for hematopoiesis, allowing bone and immune cells to cooperate locally. (biomedcentral.com)
The proliferation rate and marker expression level of human ovarian granule cells (hGCs) (ki67, AMH , FSH receptor, FOXL2 , and CYP19A1) were measured by flow cytometry (FACS). (transhumanist.ru)
Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), which is a peptide growth factor closely related to transforming growth factors-β (TGFs-β), decreased the expression of α2 and α3 integrins in Saos-2 cells, and in the human keratinocyte cell line, HaCaT, respectively. (jyu.fi)
Carboplatin- and Etoposide-Loaded Lactoferrin Protein Nanoparticles for Targeting Cancer Stem Cells in Retinoblastoma In Vitro. (riken.jp)
Cell-surface proteins that bind transforming growth factor beta and trigger changes influencing the behavior of cells. (harvard.edu)
PD-L1 promotes myofibroblastic activation of hepatic stellate cells by distinct mechanisms selective for TGF-ß receptor I versus II. (harvard.edu)
It transduces its indication to cells getting together with the 12-transmembrane protein, Patched (Ptc), that acts as a receptor for Shh (47). (grefi-mefi.org)
Analysis of potential HIF1 targets in the TGFβ pathway identified the bone morphogenetic protein and activin membrane-bound inhibitor (BAMBI), a transmembrane glycoprotein related to the type I receptors of the TGFβ family, whose expression was essentially lost in HIF1-depleted cells. (oulu.fi)
In contrast to the broad cellular tropism of HCMV for lytic contamination (reviewed in ref. 5), latent contamination appears to be restricted to a subpopulation of hematopoietic CD34+ bone marrow progenitor cells that give rise to the cells of the myeloid lineage within peripheral blood (6). (bioxorio.com)
The role of myeloid progenitor cells in HCMV latency (6) led us to assess the role, if any, of myeloid cell leukemia (MCL)-1 protein, which plays an obligate role in myeloid cell survival (18). (bioxorio.com)
In addition, the cells express PDX1, a protein that is required for the development of beta cells. (news-medical.net)
Mesenchymal and haematopoietic stem cells form a unique bone marrow niche. (bioseek.eu)
The cellular constituents forming the haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche in the bone marrow are unclear, with studies implicating osteoblasts, endothelial and perivascular cells. (bioseek.eu)
Nes -GFP cells also expressed the intermediate filament protein nestin ( Fig. 1b and Supplementary Fig. 2 ) and were distinct from vascular endothelial cells because they did not express CD31 (also called PECAM) ( Fig. 1c, d ), CD34 or VE-cadherin (data not shown). (bioseek.eu)
We sought to characterise pancreatic immune responses using tissues derived from patients with different aetiologies of CP and non-CP organ donors in order to identify key signalling molecules associated with human CP.DESIGN: We performed single-cell level cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing and T-cell receptor (TCR) sequencing of pancreatic immune cells isolated from organ donors, hereditary and idiopathic patients with CP who underwent total pancreatectomy. (stanford.edu)
GPR15 is a chemoattractant receptor that facilitates colon homing of regulatory and effector CD4+ T cells in health and colitis. (stanford.edu)
In mixed bone marrow chimeras of AHR-deficient and wildtype cells, GPR15 expression was similarly diminished on AHR-deficient CD4+ effector/memory and regulatory T cells in the colon and small intestine. (stanford.edu)
Results Activation of BMP signaling in SMAD4-negative cells altered protein and messenger RNA levels of markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and increased cell migration, invasion, and formation of invadopodia. (eur.nl)
Knockdown of the BMP receptor in SMAD4-negative cells reduced their invasive activity in vitro. (eur.nl)
Regional distribution of the cells expressing glycine receptor β subunit mRNA in the rat brain. (hama-med.ac.jp)
Co-expression of glycine receptor β subunit and GABA-A receptor γ subunit mRNA in the rat dorsal root ganglion cells. (hama-med.ac.jp)
Sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia express non-NMDA type glutamate receptors: distinct receptor subunit composition in the principle and SIF cells. (hama-med.ac.jp)
Researchers have demonstrated that remote mechanical stimulation of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a potentially useful therapeutic option to treat bone-related disorders, which currently relies on painful and invasive bone grafts. (epigenie.com)
So get those fingers warmed up, and click the link to "bone-up" on this stimulating study ( Henstock et al , Stem Cells Transl Med, 2014 ). (epigenie.com)
Overexpression of EIF5A2 in CRC cells enhances the enrichment of c-Myc around the promoter of metastasis-associated proteins 1 (MTA1). (cp-724714.com)
Under hypoxia, dexamethasone treatment inhibits HIF-1 proteins levels and reduces mRNA degrees of hypoxia-induced SNAIL, SLUG, and TWIST1, and transcriptional elements involved with EMT, aswell as the hypoxia-induced integrin V6 proteins, a well-known EMT marker for CRC cells [102]. (cp-724714.com)
Biphasic effects of epidermal growth factor on bone nodule formation by isolated rat calvaria cells in vitro. (bjbms.org)
This receptor complex has increased VEGF signalling activity in endothelial cells ( blood vessels ). (mdwiki.org)

Molecular cloning of porcine estrogen receptor-beta complementary DNAs and developmental expression in periimplantation embryos. (uams.edu)
A healthy huge doses some bodybuilders the user perform action chamness GC, McGuire WL: Estrogen receptor mutations in breast cancer. (thesalarmy.com)

TGF-ß activation by bone marrow-derived thrombospondin-1 causes Schistosoma- and hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. (ucdenver.edu)
The disease follows a triphasic program, an initial chronic phase lasting 3 5 many years, an accelerated phase lasting 6 18 months plus the last phase known as blast crisis or acute leukemia, defined hematologically by the in crease of leukemic blasts in periph eral blood and or bone marrow. (pde-inhibitors.com)
Bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) significantly inhibited allogeneic T cell proliferation possibly via the high levels of the immunosuppressive cytokines, IL10 and TGFB1. (nih.gov)
Bone marrow exists in two types, yellow and red. (lookformedical.com)
Nestin(+) MSCs contain all the bone-marrow colony-forming-unit fibroblastic activity and can be propagated as non-adherent 'mesenspheres' that can self-renew and expand in serial transplantations. (bioseek.eu)
Purified HSCs home near nestin(+) MSCs in the bone marrow of lethally irradiated mice, whereas in vivo nestin(+) cell depletion significantly reduces bone marrow homing of haematopoietic progenitors. (bioseek.eu)
These results uncover an unprecedented partnership between two distinct somatic stem-cell types and are indicative of a unique niche in the bone marrow made of heterotypic stem-cell pairs. (bioseek.eu)

Bone morphogenetic protein-6 expression in normal and malignant prostate. (nature.com)
2005). Expression of bone morphogenetic proteins in human metastatic prostate and breast cancer. (nature.com)
our data imply that EPHA6 expression is beneficial for glioblastoma multiforme inhibition, particularly in combination with activation of BMP-2 signaling.These results suggest that EPHA6 expression or protein levels could be used as biomarkers for identification of subsets of glioblastoma multiforme patients who might benefit from BMP treatment. (nih.gov)
The mRNA and protein expression levels were assessed by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. (spandidos-publications.com)
The expression of four collagen-receptor integrins and the regulation of their expression was investigated in human osteosarcoma cell lines: Saos-2, MG-63, and KHOS-240. (jyu.fi)
The difference of BMP responsiveness was likely due to the differential modulation of BMP receptor expression induced by estradiol. (elsevier.com)
OBJECTIVE: In osteoarthritic cartilage, expression of the receptor ALK1 correlates with markers of deleterious chondrocyte hypertrophy. (ru.nl)
In fetal perirenal BAT, the protein level of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) (p = 0.0001) was lower in RG1 and RG2 compared with CG and UCP1 mRNA expression (p = 0.0265) was decreased in RG2. (animbiosci.org)
There were decreased protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) (p = 0.0043) and mRNA expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α ( C/EBPα ) (p = 0.0307) in RG2 and decreased PPARγ mRNA expression (p = 0.0008) and C/EBPα protein expression (p = 0.0015) in both RG2 and RG1. (animbiosci.org)
we found that this association is dependent on the expression of BMP receptors but not transforming growth factor β receptors. (eur.nl)
Concurrent loss of SMAD4 and normal expression of BMP receptors in colorectal tumors was associated with reduced survival times of patients. (eur.nl)
The differential expression patterns of messenger RNAs encoding non-N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor subunits (GluR1-4) in the rat brain. (hama-med.ac.jp)
Region-specific expression of subunits of ionotropic glutamate receptors (AMPA-type, KA-type and NMDA receptors) in the rat spinal cord with special reference to nociception. (hama-med.ac.jp)
Expression patterns of a glutamate-binding protein in the rat central nervous system: comparison with NMDAR1. (hama-med.ac.jp)

It is intended to rebalance bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II (BMPR-II) signalling, a key molecular driver of PAH. (clinicaltrialsarena.com)
Heritable PAH is caused by a mutation in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor-II (BMPR-II). (strath.ac.uk)

Epidermal growth factor receptor plays an anabolic role in bone metabolism in vivo. (bjbms.org)

A polymorphism in the agouti signalling protein (ASIP) is associated with decreased levels of mRNA. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Localization of glycine receptor α1 subunit mRNA-containing neurons in the rat brain: an analysis using in situ hybridization histochemistry. (hama-med.ac.jp)
Expession of NMDA receptor subunit mRNA in the vestibular ganglion of the rat and guinea-pig. (hama-med.ac.jp)

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Effect of Selexipag on Daily Life Physical Activity of Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (TRACE) was a prospective, multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, exploratory phase 4 study enrolling patients with PAH in World Health Organization functional class II/III, receiving stable endothelin receptor antagonist with/without phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor background therapy. (imperial.ac.uk)
Rationale: Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is usually without an identified genetic cause, despite clinical and molecular similarity to bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 mutation-associated heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). (northwestern.edu)
Vitamin D Receptor ApaI (rs7975232) Polymorphism Confers Decreased Risk of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Overall and African Population, but not in Asians: Evidence from a Meta-analysis. (cdc.gov)

Key biomarkers shared between syndromes with ID included transferrin receptor, interleukin-6, fibroblast growth factor-23, and bone morphogenetic protein 6. (uib.no)

By reducing the intracellular concentrations of cholesterol in the liver, hepatocytes upregulate low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors at their surface with the consequence of lowered plasma LDL cholesterol concentrations. (medscape.com)
In the absence of a WNT-Frizzled low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-5/6 co-receptor interaction (WNT-FZD-LRP5/6), β-catenin is caught in a molecular destruction complex, phosphorylated and degraded by the proteasome. (biomedcentral.com)

In vitro culture systems have also given insights into the basic mechanisms of tubulogenesis, including the role of intracellular signalling through receptor tyrosine kinases in directing apical polarity, cytoskeletal organization and formation of cell contacts. (springernature.com)
Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (jefferson.edu)
Below are the most recent publications written about "Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases" by people in Profiles. (jefferson.edu)

Miyazono K, Kamiya Y, Morikawa M. Bone morphogenetic protein receptors and signal transduction. (eurekaselect.com)
ß2M Signals Monocytes Through Non-Canonical TGFß Receptor Signal Transduction. (harvard.edu)

For example, overexpression of miR-34a, miR-125a and miR-503 inhibits osteoclastogenesis to rescue bone loss ( 9 , 11 , 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Active Ingredients:- Oligopeptide-54 (CG-Nokkin) - Strong blocker of BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) receptors, enhances hair growth and inhibits hair depigmentation. (qualitybeautystore.com)

BMP type I receptor inhibition reduces heterotopic [corrected] ossification. (vanderbilt.edu)
Conventional notion of axon development suppression by CSPGsPrior to identification of functional CSPG receptors, several mechanisms for CSPG inhibition of axonal development were suggested. (icbinhibitor.com)

Isoprenoids, such as farnesyl pyrophosphate and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP), are short chain fatty acids that are posttranslationally linked to ubiquitous signaling molecules such as Ras (farnesyl pyrophosphate) and RhoA, Rac, and Cdc42 (cell division control protein 42 homolog) proteins (GGPP). (medscape.com)

CD14 is a human high affinity cell-surface receptor for complexes of lipopolysaccharide (LPS-endotoxin) and serum LPS-binding protein (LPB). (cp-724714.com)

A recurrent mutation in the BMP type I receptor ACVR1 causes inherited and sporadic fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. (medscape.com)

A CALMODULIN-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of proteins. (jefferson.edu)
Likewise, EphB1 receptor phosphorylation continues to be connected with claudin-4 (Cl-4) changed appearance promoting MMP appearance and secretion. (eurobiophysics.org)

BMP-9 can signal through the ALK1 receptor and has been implicated in a number of physiologic events. (mclab.com)

It functions as part of the toll pathway by integrating the signal from several toll receptors and facilitating the activation of downstream proteins NFКB, JNK and P38 MAPK. (bl.uk)

Synapse growth produced by Rheb is insensitive to rapamycin, an inhibitor of Tor complex 1, and requires wishful thinking, a bone morphogenetic protein receptor critical for functional synapse expansion. (elsevier.com)

In individuals with an inherited disorder called fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), the same ACVR1 mutations lead not to cancer, but to a different mechanism resulting in abnormal growth of bone in other tissues. (stjude.org)
These proteins are actually growth factors that control organogenesis in the embryo, but are also necessary to maintain the organization of tissues in adults. (bci-lab.fr)

Really excited today to talk about breakthrough in stem cell activation through an oral protein complex. (chiroeco.com)
High impact information on BRK 1/ HSPC300 Thus, AtSCAR proteins are likely to function in association with At BRK 1, and perhaps other Arabidopsis homologs of WAVE complex components, to regulate activation of the Arp2, 3 complex in vivo. (wikigenes.org)
It involves many factors including phosphorus activation of the PiT1 receptor, bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 4, endogenous 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D and vascular calcification activating factors. (verjournal.com)
Vitamin K is an essential co-factor for the gamma-glutamyl-carboxylase enzyme, which is responsible for activation of 17 vitamin K-dependent proteins that have the ability to bind calcium. (verjournal.com)
ISL1 regulates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ activation and early adipogenesis via bone morphogenetic protein 4-dependent and -independent mechanisms. (refine.bio)
Another example can be epidermal development element (EGF) activation of its receptor (ERBB2), which Nalmefene hydrochloride in turn interacts using the PAR6-aPKC complicated and causes PAR3 dissociation and eventually TJ break down [42]. (eurobiophysics.org)

Transforming growth factor beta family proteins bind to these receptors. (wikipedia.org)
The crystallizable region can bind to numerous receptors, including Fc Ɣ receptors and neonatal F c receptors. (conductscience.com)

Vertebrate bone morphogenic protein 1 (BMP-1), a protein which induces cartilage and bone formation and expresses metalloendopeptidase activity. (embl.de)
The aim of this research was to study molecular changes in the articular cartilage and subchondral bone of the tibial plateau from mice deficient in frizzled-related protein (Frzb) compared to wild-type mice by transcriptome analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
Loss of homeostasis results in gradual deterioration of cartilage quality and thickening of the subchondral bone, progressively leading to osteoarthritis (OA). (biomedcentral.com)

BMP9 and BMP10 proteins were identified about 10 years ago [1-2] by researchrs in our laboratory. (bci-lab.fr)
A heterodimer formed by bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) and BMP10 provides most BMP biological activity in plasma. (bci-lab.fr)

As receptor-activated Smads form transcriptional complexes, they are phosphorylated at an interdomain linker region by CDK8 and CDK9, which are components of transcriptional mediator and elongation complexes. (elsevier.com)
[7] [8] Neuropilins (NRP) are pleiotropic receptors and therefore other molecules may interfere with the signalling of the NRP/VEGFR receptor complexes. (mdwiki.org)

Bone morphogenetic proteins is a pleiotropic cytokine belonging to the superfamily of transforming growth. (pbkom.eu)

Bone morphogenetic protein-2 stimulates Runx2 acetylation. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
Toll-like receptor 7 stimulates production of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators and promotes resolution of experimental asthma. (bioacademy.gr)

The concept of osteoimmunology is based on growing insight into the links between the immune system and bone at the anatomical, vascular, cellular, and molecular levels. (biomedcentral.com)
The concept of osteoimmunology emerged more than a decade ago and is based on rapidly growing insight into the functional interdependence between the immune system and bone at the anatomical, vascular, cellular, and molecular levels [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The results also confirm that the collagen-receptor integrins have distinct signaling functions, and their ligation may lead to opposite cellular responses. (jyu.fi)
It functions as a negative regulator of CELL PROLIFERATION and NEOPLASTIC CELL TRANSFORMATION and is commonly fused with cellular abl protein to form BCR-ABL FUSION PROTEINS in PHILADELPHIA CHROMOSOME positive LEUKEMIA patients. (nih.gov)

The classification of PAH comprises non\hereditary or idiopathic PAH (iPAH) and hereditary PAH, which is mostly related to heterozygous germline mutations in encodes for the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type 2 receptor, which belongs to the transforming growth factor (TGF\) family. (leafbioscience.com)

FKBP12 suppresses hepcidin by interaction with the BMP receptor ALK2. (ashpublications.org)
FKBP12 preferentially targets the BMP receptor ALK2. (ashpublications.org)

Bone morphogenetic protein 2 functions via a conserved signaling pathway involving Wnt4 to regulate uterine decidualization in the mouse and the human. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
These two paths converge to provide us with some historical evidence to back recent scientific discoveries in the dynamic regulation of skin pigmentation, focusing on melanocyte-stimulating hormone and its natural antagonist agouti-signaling protein. (embl-heidelberg.de)
FKBP12 interacts with BMP type I receptors to avoid uncontrolled signaling. (ashpublications.org)
May direct the production of trunk mesoderm during development by modulating a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway in the underlying visceral endoderm (By similarity). (nih.gov)
In Indisulam (E7070) mammals, Shh signaling consists of two Ptc receptors (Ptc1 and Ptc2) with least three Gli proteins (Gli1, Gli2, and Gli3) (23,30,64). (grefi-mefi.org)
However, SMAD4 is also a central component of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway, implicated in CRC pathogenesis by human genetic studies. (eur.nl)
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an important signaling protein involved in both vasculogenesis (the formation of the circulatory system ) and angiogenesis (the growth of blood vessels from pre-existing vasculature). (mdwiki.org)

VEGF receptors are receptors for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). (mdwiki.org)

Anatomy9

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs49

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment2

Phenomena and Processes11

Convergence of transforming growth factor-beta and vitamin D signaling pathways on SMAD transcriptional coactivators. (1/237)

A Meis family protein caudalizes neural cell fates in Xenopus. (2/237)

Synergistic signaling in fetal brain by STAT3-Smad1 complex bridged by p300. (3/237)

A functional bone morphogenetic protein system in the ovary. (4/237)

Characterization of osteoblastic differentiation of stromal cell line ST2 that is induced by ascorbic acid. (5/237)

A role for the homeobox gene Xvex-1 as part of the BMP-4 ventral signaling pathway. (6/237)

Self-organization of periodic patterns by dissociated feather mesenchymal cells and the regulation of size, number and spacing of primordia. (7/237)

Involvement of the small GTPases XRhoA and XRnd1 in cell adhesion and head formation in early Xenopus development. (8/237)

Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type II

Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type I

Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2

Smad1 Protein

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4

Hypertension, Pulmonary

Receptors, Growth Factor

Smad Proteins, Receptor-Regulated

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7

Smad Proteins

Activin Receptors, Type II

Activin Receptors, Type I

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 6

Pulmonary Artery

Signal Transduction

Transforming Growth Factor beta

Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases

Monocrotaline

Bone and Bones

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 5

Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 3

Cell Differentiation

Receptors, Cell Surface

Mutation

Smad5 Protein

Cells, Cultured

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15

SNARE Proteins

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 1

Pedigree

Bone Remodeling

Smad6 Protein

Lung

Smad8 Protein

Osteogenesis

Qa-SNARE Proteins

Growth Differentiation Factor 2

Osteoblasts

Bone Regeneration

Bone Density

Growth Differentiation Factors

R-SNARE Proteins

Growth Differentiation Factor 5

Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental

Bone Development

Vesicular Transport Proteins

Growth Differentiation Factor 9

Bone Matrix

Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein 2

Bone Resorption

Carrier Proteins

Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25

Growth Differentiation Factor 6

Activins

Syntaxin 1

Qb-SNARE Proteins

Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins

Smad4 Protein

Bone Neoplasms

Bone Marrow

Bone Diseases

Bone Marrow Cells

In Situ Hybridization

Follistatin

Body Patterning

Mesoderm

Proteins

Munc18 Proteins

Activin Receptors

Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 1

Qc-SNARE Proteins

Convergence of transforming growth factor-beta and vitamin D signaling pathways on SMAD transcriptional coactivators. (1/237)

A Meis family protein caudalizes neural cell fates in Xenopus. (2/237)

Synergistic signaling in fetal brain by STAT3-Smad1 complex bridged by p300. (3/237)

A functional bone morphogenetic protein system in the ovary. (4/237)

Characterization of osteoblastic differentiation of stromal cell line ST2 that is induced by ascorbic acid. (5/237)

A role for the homeobox gene Xvex-1 as part of the BMP-4 ventral signaling pathway. (6/237)

$Gentaur Molecular :Kamiya \ Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 Clone 3H2 \ MC-124$ Gentaur Molecular :Kamiya \ Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 Clone 3H2 \ MC-124

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