Bone morphogenetic protein receptors. Medical search

A subtype of bone morphogenetic protein receptors with low affinity for BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEINS. They are constitutively active PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES that can interact with and phosphorylate TYPE I BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN RECEPTORS.

A subtype of bone morphogenetic protein receptors with high affinity for BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEINS. They can interact with and undergo PHOSPHORYLATION by BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN RECEPTORS, TYPE II. They signal primarily through RECEPTOR-REGULATED SMAD PROTEINS.

A family of CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS that bind BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEINS. They are PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES that mediate SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS through SMAD PROTEINS.

Bone-growth regulatory factors that are members of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily of proteins. They are synthesized as large precursor molecules which are cleaved by proteolytic enzymes. The active form can consist of a dimer of two identical proteins or a heterodimer of two related bone morphogenetic proteins.

A potent osteoinductive protein that plays a critical role in the differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells into OSTEOBLASTS.

A receptor-regulated smad protein that undergoes PHOSPHORYLATION by BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN RECEPTORS. It regulates BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN signaling and plays an essential role in EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT.

A bone morphogenetic protein that is a potent inducer of bone formation. It also functions as a regulator of MESODERM formation during EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT.

Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES.

Cell surface receptors that bind growth or trophic factors with high affinity, triggering intracellular responses which influence the growth, differentiation, or survival of cells.

A family of smad proteins that undergo PHOSPHORYLATION by CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS in response to TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA; ACTIVIN; or BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN signaling.

A bone morphogenetic protein that is widely expressed during EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. It is both a potent osteogenic factor and a specific regulator of nephrogenesis.

A family of proteins that are involved in the translocation of signals from TGF-BETA RECEPTORS; BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN RECEPTORS; and other surface receptors to the CELL NUCLEUS. They were originally identified as a class of proteins that are related to the mothers against decapentaplegic protein, Drosophila and sma proteins from CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS.

One of the two types of ACTIVIN RECEPTORS. They are membrane protein kinases belonging to the family of PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES. The major type II activin receptors are ActR-IIA and ActR-IIB.

One of the two types of ACTIVIN RECEPTORS or activin receptor-like kinases (ALK'S). There are several type I activin receptors. The major active ones are ALK-2 (ActR-IA) and ALK-4 (ActR-IB).

A bone morphogenetic protein that is a potent inducer of BONE formation. It plays additional roles in regulating CELL DIFFERENTIATION of non-osteoblastic cell types and epithelial-mesenchymal interactions.

The short wide vessel arising from the conus arteriosus of the right ventricle and conveying unaerated blood to the lungs.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.

A group of enzymes that catalyzes the phosphorylation of serine or threonine residues in proteins, with ATP or other nucleotides as phosphate donors.

A pyrrolizidine alkaloid and a toxic plant constituent that poisons livestock and humans through the ingestion of contaminated grains and other foods. The alkaloid causes pulmonary artery hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pathological changes in the pulmonary vasculature. Significant attenuation of the cardiopulmonary changes are noted after oral magnesium treatment.

A specialized CONNECTIVE TISSUE that is the main constituent of the SKELETON. The principle cellular component of bone is comprised of OSTEOBLASTS; OSTEOCYTES; and OSTEOCLASTS, while FIBRILLAR COLLAGENS and hydroxyapatite crystals form the BONE MATRIX.

A bone morphogenetic protein that may play a role in CARTILAGE formation. It is a potent regulator of the growth of CHONDROCYTES and the synthesis of cartilage matrix proteins. Evidence for its role in cartilage formation can be seen in MICE, where genetic mutations that cause loss of bone morphogenetic protein 5 function result in the formation of small malformed ears.

Cell-surface proteins that bind transforming growth factor beta and trigger changes influencing the behavior of cells. Two types of transforming growth factor receptors have been recognized. They differ in affinity for different members of the transforming growth factor beta family and in cellular mechanisms of action.

A bone morphogenetic protein that is found at high concentrations in a purified osteoinductive protein fraction from BONE. Bone morphogenetic protein 3 is referred to as osteogenin, however it may play a role in variety of developmental processes.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

Cell surface proteins that bind signalling molecules external to the cell with high affinity and convert this extracellular event into one or more intracellular signals that alter the behavior of the target cell (From Alberts, Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2nd ed, pp693-5). Cell surface receptors, unlike enzymes, do not chemically alter their ligands.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

A receptor-regulated smad protein that undergoes PHOSPHORYLATION by BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN RECEPTORS. It regulates BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN signaling and is essential for PHYSIOLOGICAL ANGIOGENESIS.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

A protein that plays a role in GRANULOSA CELLS where it regulates folliculogenesis. Mutations in the gene for bone morphogenetic protein 15 are linked to reproductive abnormalities such as PREMATURE OVARIAN FAILURE.

A superfamily of small proteins which are involved in the MEMBRANE FUSION events, intracellular protein trafficking and secretory processes. They share a homologous SNARE motif. The SNARE proteins are divided into subfamilies: QA-SNARES; QB-SNARES; QC-SNARES; and R-SNARES. The formation of a SNARE complex (composed of one each of the four different types SNARE domains (Qa, Qb, Qc, and R)) mediates MEMBRANE FUSION. Following membrane fusion SNARE complexes are dissociated by the NSFs (N-ETHYLMALEIMIDE-SENSITIVE FACTORS), in conjunction with SOLUBLE NSF ATTACHMENT PROTEIN, i.e., SNAPs (no relation to SNAP 25.)

A bone morphogenetic protein family member that includes an active tolloid-like metalloproteinase domain. The metalloproteinase activity of bone morphogenetic protein 1 is specific for the removal of the C-propeptide of PROCOLLAGEN and may act as a regulator of EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX deposition. Alternative splicing of MRNA for bone morphogenetic protein 1 results in the production of several PROTEIN ISOFORMS.

The record of descent or ancestry, particularly of a particular condition or trait, indicating individual family members, their relationships, and their status with respect to the trait or condition.

The continuous turnover of BONE MATRIX and mineral that involves first an increase in BONE RESORPTION (osteoclastic activity) and later, reactive BONE FORMATION (osteoblastic activity). The process of bone remodeling takes place in the adult skeleton at discrete foci. The process ensures the mechanical integrity of the skeleton throughout life and plays an important role in calcium HOMEOSTASIS. An imbalance in the regulation of bone remodeling's two contrasting events, bone resorption and bone formation, results in many of the metabolic bone diseases, such as OSTEOPOROSIS.

An inhibitory Smad protein that negatively regulates the SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS from BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN RECEPTORS. Smad6 inhibits PHOSPHORYLATION of SMAD2 PROTEIN and SMAD3 PROTEIN.

Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.

A receptor-regulated smad protein that undergoes PHOSPHORYLATION by BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN RECEPTORS and regulates BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN signaling.

The process of bone formation. Histogenesis of bone including ossification.

A subfamily of Q-SNARE PROTEINS which occupy the same position as syntaxin 1A in the SNARE complex and which also are most similar to syntaxin 1A in their AMINO ACID SEQUENCE. This subfamily is also known as the syntaxins, although a few so called syntaxins are Qc-SNARES.

A growth differentiation factor that plays a regulatory role as a paracrine factor for a diverse array of cell types during EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT and in the adult tissues. Growth differentiation factor 2 is also a potent regulator of CHONDROGENESIS and was previously referred to as bone morphogenetic protein 9.

Bone-forming cells which secrete an EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX. HYDROXYAPATITE crystals are then deposited into the matrix to form bone.

Renewal or repair of lost bone tissue. It excludes BONY CALLUS formed after BONE FRACTURES but not yet replaced by hard bone.

The amount of mineral per square centimeter of BONE. This is the definition used in clinical practice. Actual bone density would be expressed in grams per milliliter. It is most frequently measured by X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY or TOMOGRAPHY, X RAY COMPUTED. Bone density is an important predictor for OSTEOPOROSIS.

A family of BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN-related proteins that are primarily involved in regulation of CELL DIFFERENTIATION.

SNARE proteins where the central amino acid residue of the SNARE motif is an ARGININE. They are classified separately from the Q-SNARE PROTEINS where the central amino acid residue of the SNARE motif is a GLUTAMINE. This subfamily contains the vesicle associated membrane proteins (VAMPs) based on similarity to the prototype for the R-SNAREs, VAMP2 (synaptobrevin 2).

A growth differentiation factor that plays a role in early CHONDROGENESIS and joint formation.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.

The growth and development of bones from fetus to adult. It includes two principal mechanisms of bone growth: growth in length of long bones at the epiphyseal cartilages and growth in thickness by depositing new bone (OSTEOGENESIS) with the actions of OSTEOBLASTS and OSTEOCLASTS.

A broad category of proteins involved in the formation, transport and dissolution of TRANSPORT VESICLES. They play a role in the intracellular transport of molecules contained within membrane vesicles. Vesicular transport proteins are distinguished from MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEINS, which move molecules across membranes, by the mode in which the molecules are transported.

A bone morphogenetic protein that plays an essential role in the regulation of ovarian folliculogenesis.

Extracellular substance of bone tissue consisting of COLLAGEN fibers, ground substance, and inorganic crystalline minerals and salts.

A synaptic membrane protein involved in MEMBRANE FUSION of SYNAPTIC VESICLES with the presynaptic membranes. It is the prototype member of the R-SNARE PROTEINS.

Bone loss due to osteoclastic activity.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

A ubiquitous target SNARE protein that interacts with SYNTAXIN and SYNAPTOBREVIN. It is a core component of the machinery for intracellular MEMBRANE FUSION. The sequence contains 2 SNARE domains, one is the prototype for the Qb-SNARES, and the other is the prototype for the Qc-SNARES.

A growth differentiation factor that plays a role in the neural differentiation, specifically in the retinal development of the EYE.

Activins are produced in the pituitary, gonads, and other tissues. By acting locally, they stimulate pituitary FSH secretion and have diverse effects on cell differentiation and embryonic development. Activins are glycoproteins that are hetero- or homodimers of INHIBIN-BETA SUBUNITS.

A neuronal cell membrane protein that combines with SNAP-25 and SYNAPTOBREVIN 2 to form a SNARE complex that leads to EXOCYTOSIS.

A subfamily of Q-SNARE PROTEINS which occupy the same position in the SNARE complex as the N-terminal SNARE domain of SNAP-25 and which also are most similar to the N-terminal region of SNAP-25 in their AMINO ACID SEQUENCE.

Regulatory proteins and peptides that are signaling molecules involved in the process of PARACRINE COMMUNICATION. They are generally considered factors that are expressed by one cell and are responded to by receptors on another nearby cell. They are distinguished from HORMONES in that their actions are local rather than distal.

A signal transducing adaptor protein and tumor suppressor protein. It forms a complex with activated RECEPTOR-REGULATED SMAD PROTEINS. The complex then translocates to the CELL NUCLEUS and regulates GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of target GENES.

Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.

The soft tissue filling the cavities of bones. Bone marrow exists in two types, yellow and red. Yellow marrow is found in the large cavities of large bones and consists mostly of fat cells and a few primitive blood cells. Red marrow is a hematopoietic tissue and is the site of production of erythrocytes and granular leukocytes. Bone marrow is made up of a framework of connective tissue containing branching fibers with the frame being filled with marrow cells.

Diseases of BONES.

Cells contained in the bone marrow including fat cells (see ADIPOCYTES); STROMAL CELLS; MEGAKARYOCYTES; and the immediate precursors of most blood cells.

A technique that localizes specific nucleic acid sequences within intact chromosomes, eukaryotic cells, or bacterial cells through the use of specific nucleic acid-labeled probes.

A broadly distributed protein that binds directly to ACTIVINS. It functions as an activin antagonist, inhibits FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE secretion, regulates CELL DIFFERENTIATION, and plays an important role in embryogenesis. Follistatin is a single glycosylated polypeptide chain of approximately 37-kDa and is not a member of the inhibin family (INHIBINS). Follistatin also binds and neutralizes many members of the TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA family.

The processes occurring in early development that direct morphogenesis. They specify the body plan ensuring that cells will proceed to differentiate, grow, and diversify in size and shape at the correct relative positions. Included are axial patterning, segmentation, compartment specification, limb position, organ boundary patterning, blood vessel patterning, etc.

The middle germ layer of an embryo derived from three paired mesenchymal aggregates along the neural tube.

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

A family of proteins involved in intracellular membrane trafficking. They interact with SYNTAXINS and play important roles in vesicular docking and fusion during EXOCYTOSIS. Their name derives from the fact that they are related to Unc-18 protein, C elegans.

Receptors for ACTIVINS are membrane protein kinases belonging to the family of PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES, thus also named activin receptor-like kinases (ALK's). Activin receptors also bind TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA. As those transmembrane receptors of the TGF-beta superfamily (RECEPTORS, TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA), ALK's consist of two different but related protein kinases, Type I and Type II. Activins initiate cellular signal transduction by first binding to the type II receptors (ACTIVIN RECEPTORS, TYPE II ) which then recruit and phosphorylate the type I receptors (ACTIVIN RECEPTORS, TYPE I ) with subsequent activation of the type I kinase activity.

A negative regulator of BASIC HELIX-LOOP-HELIX TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS that blocks activation of CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE INHIBITOR P16 and is de-regulated in a variety of NEOPLASMS.

A subfamily of Q-SNARE PROTEINS which occupy the same position in the SNARE complex as the C-terminal SNARE domain of SNAP-25 and which also are most similar to the C-terminal region of SNAP-25 in their AMINO ACID SEQUENCE.

Convergence of transforming growth factor-beta and vitamin D signaling pathways on SMAD transcriptional coactivators. (1/237)

Cell proliferation and differentiation are regulated by growth regulatory factors such as transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and the liphophilic hormone vitamin D. TGF-beta causes activation of SMAD proteins acting as coactivators or transcription factors in the nucleus. Vitamin D controls transcription of target genes through the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Smad3, one of the SMAD proteins downstream in the TGF-beta signaling pathway, was found in mammalian cells to act as a coactivator specific for ligand-induced transactivation of VDR by forming a complex with a member of the steroid receptor coactivator-1 protein family in the nucleus. Thus, Smad3 may mediate cross-talk between vitamin D and TGF-beta signaling pathways. (+info)

A Meis family protein caudalizes neural cell fates in Xenopus. (2/237)

A homologue of the Drosophila homothorax (hth) gene, Xenopus Meis3 (XMeis3), was cloned from Xenopus laevis. XMeis3 is expressed in a single stripe of cells in the early neural plate stage. By late neurula, the gene is expressed predominantly in rhombomeres two, three and four, and in the anterior spinal cord. Ectopic expression of RNA encoding XMeis3 protein causes anterior neural truncations with a concomitant expansion of hindbrain and spinal cord. Ectopic XMeis3 expression inhibits anterior neural induction in neuralized animal cap ectoderm explants without perturbing induction of pan-neural markers. In naive animal cap ectoderm, ectopic XMeis3 expression activates transcription of the posteriorly expressed neural markers, but not pan-neural markers. These results suggest that caudalizing proteins, such as XMeis3, can alter A-P patterning in the nervous system in the absence of neural induction. Regionally expressed proteins like XMeis3 could be required to overcome anterior signals and to specify posterior cell fates along the A-P axis. (+info)

Synergistic signaling in fetal brain by STAT3-Smad1 complex bridged by p300. (3/237)

The cytokines LIF (leukemia inhibitory factor) and BMP2 (bone morphogenetic protein-2) signal through different receptors and transcription factors, namely STATs (signal transducers and activators of transcription) and Smads. LIF and BMP2 were found to act in synergy on primary fetal neural progenitor cells to induce astrocytes. The transcriptional coactivator p300 interacts physically with STAT3 at its amino terminus in a cytokine stimulation-independent manner, and with Smad1 at its carboxyl terminus in a cytokine stimulation-dependent manner. The formation of a complex between STAT3 and Smad1, bridged by p300, is involved in the cooperative signaling of LIF and BMP2 and the subsequent induction of astrocytes from neural progenitors. (+info)

A functional bone morphogenetic protein system in the ovary. (4/237)

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) comprise a large group of polypeptides in the transforming growth factor beta superfamily with essential physiological functions in morphogenesis and organogenesis in both vertebrates and invertebrates. At present, the role of BMPs in the reproductive system of any species is poorly understood. Here, we have established the existence of a functional BMP system in the ovary, replete with ligand, receptor, and novel cellular functions. In situ hybridization histochemistry identified strong mRNA labeling for BMP-4 and -7 in the theca cells and BMP receptor types IA, IB, and II in the granulosa cells and oocytes of most follicles in ovaries of normal cycling rats. To explore the paracrine function of this BMP system, we examined the effects of recombinant BMP-4 and -7 on FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone)-induced rat granulosa cytodifferentiation in serum-free medium. Both BMP-4 and -7 regulated FSH action in positive and negative ways. Specifically, physiological concentrations of the BMPs enhanced and attenuated the stimulatory action of FSH on estradiol and progesterone production, respectively. These effects were dose- and time-dependent. Furthermore, the BMPs increased granulosa cell sensitivity to FSH. Thus, BMPs have now been identified as molecules that differentially regulate FSH-dependent estradiol and progesterone production in a way that reflects steroidogenesis during the normal estrous cycle. As such, it can be hypothesized that BMPs might be the long-sought "luteinization inhibitor" in Graafian follicles during their growth and development. (+info)

Characterization of osteoblastic differentiation of stromal cell line ST2 that is induced by ascorbic acid. (5/237)

The stromal cell line ST2, derived from mouse bone marrow, differentiated into osteoblast-like cells in response to ascorbic acid. Ascorbic acid induced alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity, the expression of mRNAs for proteins that are markers of osteoblastic differentiation, the deposition of calcium, and the formation of mineralized nodules by ST2 cells. We investigated the mechanism whereby ascorbic acid induced the differentiation of ST2 cells. Inhibitors of the formation of collagen triple helices completely blocked the effects of ascorbic acid on ST2 cells, an indication that matrix formation by type I collagen is essential for the induction of osteoblastic differentiation of ST2 cells by ascorbic acid. We furthermore examined the effects of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) on the differentiation of ST2 cells induced by ascorbic acid. Ascorbic acid had no effect on the expression of mRNAs for BMP-4 and the BMP receptors. However, a soluble form of BMP receptor IA inhibited the induction of ALPase activity by ascorbic acid. These results suggest that ascorbic acid might promote the differentiation of ST2 cells into osteoblast-like cells by inducing the formation of a matrix of type I collagen, with subsequent activation of the signaling pathways that involve BMPs. (+info)

A role for the homeobox gene Xvex-1 as part of the BMP-4 ventral signaling pathway. (6/237)

BMP-4 is believed to play a central role in the patterning of the mesoderm by providing a strong ventral signal. As part of this ventral patterning signal, BMP-4 has to activate a number of transcription factors to fulfill this role. Among the transcription factors regulated by BMP-4 are the Xvent and the GATA genes. A novel homeobox gene has been isolated termed Xvex-1 which represents a new class of homeobox genes. Transcription of Xvex-1 initiates soon after the midblastula transition. Xvex-1 transcripts undergo spatial restriction from the onset of gastrulation to the ventral marginal zone, and the transcripts will remain in this localization including at the tailbud stage in the proctodeum. Expression of Xvex-1 during gastrula stages requires normal BMP-4 activity as evidenced from the injection of BMP-4, Smad1, Smad5 and Smad6 mRNA and antisense BMP-4 RNA. Xvex-1 overexpression ventralizes the Xenopus embryo in a dose dependent manner. Partial loss of Xvex-1 activity induced by antisense RNA injection results in the dorsalization of embryos and the induction of secondary axis formation. Xvex-1 can rescue the effects of overexpressing the dominant negative BMP receptor. These results place Xvex-1 downstream of BMP-4 during gastrulation and suggest that it represents a novel homeobox family in Xenopus which is part of the ventral signaling pathway. (+info)

Self-organization of periodic patterns by dissociated feather mesenchymal cells and the regulation of size, number and spacing of primordia. (7/237)

Periodic patterning is a fundamental organizing process in biology. Using a feather reconstitution assay, we traced back to the initial stage of the patterning process. Cells started from an equivalent state and self-organized into a periodic pattern without previous cues or sequential propagation. When different numbers of dissociated mesenchymal cells were confronted with a piece of same-sized epithelium, the size of feather primordia remained constant, not the number or interbud spacing, suggesting size determination is intrinsic to dissociated cells. Increasing bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor expression in mesenchymal cells decreased the size of primordia while antagonizing the BMP pathway with Noggin increased the size of primordia. A threshold number of mesenchymal cells with a basal level of adhesion molecules such as NCAM were sufficient to trigger the patterning process. The process is best visualized by the progressive restriction of beta-catenin transcripts in the epidermis. Therefore, feather size, number and spacing are modulated through the available morphogen ligands and receptors in the system. (+info)

Involvement of the small GTPases XRhoA and XRnd1 in cell adhesion and head formation in early Xenopus development. (8/237)

The Rho family of small GTPases regulates a variety of cellular functions, including the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton, cell adhesion, transcription, cell growth and membrane trafficking. We have isolated the first Xenopus homologs of the Rho-like GTPases RhoA and Rnd1 and examined their potential roles in early Xenopus development. We found that Xenopus Rnd1 (XRnd1) is expressed in tissues undergoing extensive morphogenetic changes, such as marginal zone cells involuting through the blastopore, somitogenic mesoderm during somite formation and neural crest cells. XRnd1 also causes a severe loss of cell adhesion in overexpression experiments. These data and the expression pattern suggest that XRnd1 regulates morphogenetic movements by modulating cell adhesion in early embryos. Xenopus RhoA (XRhoA) is a potential XRnd1 antagonist, since overexpression of XRhoA increases cell adhesion in the embryo and reverses the disruption of cell adhesion caused by XRnd1. In addition to the potential roles of XRnd1 and XRhoA in the regulation of cell adhesion, we find a role for XRhoA in axis formation. When coinjected with dominant-negative BMP receptor (tBR) in the ventral side of the embryo, XRhoA causes the formation of head structures resembling the phenotype seen after coinjection of wnt inhibitors with dominant-negative BMP receptor. Since dominant-negative XRhoA is able to reduce the formation of head structures, we propose that XRhoA activity is essential for head formation. Thus, XRhoA may have a dual role in the embryo by regulating cell adhesion properties and pattern formation. (+info)

... and bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type IA. Other LU domain proteins are small globular proteins such as CD59 antigen, ... Besides uPAR, other receptors with LU domains include members of the transforming growth factor beta receptor (TGF-beta) ... Tsetlin VI (February 2015). "Three-finger snake neurotoxins and Ly6 proteins targeting nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: ... The LU domain (Ly-6 antigen/uPAR) is an evolutionarily conserved protein domain of the three-finger protein superfamily. This ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LU_domain

... is a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) co-receptor of the repulsive guidance molecule family. In humans this protein is encoded ... Li J, Ye L, Kynaston HG, Jiang WG (February 2012). "Repulsive guidance molecules, novel bone morphogenetic protein co-receptors ... There is a potential association between RGMs and cancer bone metastasis, as RGMs coordinate bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) ... a bone morphogenetic protein co-receptor". J. Biol. Chem. 280 (14): 14122-9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M410034200. PMID 15671031. Severyn ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repulsive_guidance_molecule_B

"Enhanced expression of type I receptors for bone morphogenetic proteins during bone formation". J. Bone Miner. Res. 10 (11): ... The bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type IA also known as BMPR1A is a protein which in humans is encoded by the BMPR1A ... "Bone morphogenetic protein type IA receptor signaling regulates postnatal osteoblast function and bone remodeling". J. Biol. ... "Entrez Gene: BMPR1A bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type IA". Mishina Y, Starbuck MW, Gentile MA, Fukuda T, Kasparcova V, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMPR1A

... a disease characterized by the formation of heterotopic bone throughout the body. It is a bone morphogenetic protein receptor, ... This protein is important in the bone morphogenic protein (BMP) pathway which is responsible for the development and repair of ... receptors. These receptors are all transmembrane proteins, composed of a ligand-binding extracellular domain with cysteine-rich ... and type II receptors are required for binding ligands and for expression of type I receptors. Type I and II receptors form a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACVR1

Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II or BMPR2 is a serine/threonine receptor kinase. It binds Bone morphogenetic ... BMPR2 is expressed on both human and animal granulosa cells, and is a crucial receptor for bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15 ... Gilboa L, Nohe A, Geissendörfer T, Sebald W, Henis YI, Knaus P (March 2000). "Bone morphogenetic protein receptor complexes on ... However, BMPR2 can't bind BMP15 and GDF9 without the assistance of bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1B (BMPR1B) and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMPR2

1995). "Cloning and characterization of a human type II receptor for bone morphogenetic proteins". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A ... Mitchell PJ, Sara EA, Crompton MR (Oct 2000). "A novel adaptor-like protein which is a substrate for the non-receptor tyrosine ... This gene encodes the substrate of breast tumor kinase, an Src-type non-receptor tyrosine kinase. The encoded protein possesses ... Signal-transducing adaptor protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STAP2 gene. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STAP2

"HIV-1 Tat interaction with cyclin T1 represses mannose receptor and the bone morphogenetic protein receptor-2 transcription". ... Jiang C, Ito M, Piening V, Bruck K, Roeder RG, Xiao H (2004). "TIP30 interacts with an estrogen receptor alpha-interacting ... "Entrez Gene: HTATIP2 HIV-1 Tat interactive protein 2, 30kDa". Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to ... King FW, Shtivelman E (2004). "Inhibition of nuclear import by the proapoptotic protein CC3". Mol. Cell. Biol. 24 (16): 7091- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTATIP2

SMAD5 is a receptor regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) and is activated by bone morphogenetic protein type 1 receptor kinase. It may play ... Like many other TGFβ family members SMAD5 is involved in cell signalling and modulates signals of bone morphogenetic proteins ( ... Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 5 also known as SMAD5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMAD5 gene. SMAD5, ... It belongs to the SMAD family of proteins, which belong to the TGFβ superfamily of modulators. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_against_decapentaplegic_homolog_5

... (RGMa) is a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) co-receptor of the repulsive guidance molecule ... Li J, Ye L, Kynaston HG, Jiang WG (February 2012). "Repulsive guidance molecules, novel bone morphogenetic protein co-receptors ... 2007). "Repulsive guidance molecule RGMa alters utilization of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type II receptors by BMP2 and ... All three RGM proteins appear capable of binding selected BMPs (bone morphogenetic proteins). RGMs may play inhibitory roles in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repulsive_guidance_molecule_A

"Proteins associated with type II bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR-II) and identified by two-dimensional gel ... The hnRNP proteins have distinct nucleic acid binding properties. The protein encoded by this gene has three repeats of RRM ... Wada K, Inoue K, Hagiwara M (August 2002). "Identification of methylated proteins by protein arginine N-methyltransferase 1, ... Wada K, Inoue K, Hagiwara M (August 2002). "Identification of methylated proteins by protein arginine N-methyltransferase 1, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HNRNPR

"Proteins associated with type II bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR-II) and identified by two-dimensional gel ... "Synergistic activation of the insulin gene by a LIM-homeo domain protein and a basic helix-loop-helix protein: building a ... "Transcriptional synergy between LIM-homeodomain proteins and basic helix-loop-helix proteins: the LIM2 domain determines ... LIM homeobox transcription factor 1, alpha, also known as LMX1A, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the LMX1A gene. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LMX1A

However it has been demonstrated that hemojuvelin interacts with bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), possibly as a co-receptor, ... Li J, Ye L, Kynaston HG, Jiang WG (February 2012). "Repulsive guidance molecules, novel bone morphogenetic protein co-receptors ... "Bone morphogenetic protein signaling by hemojuvelin regulates hepcidin expression". Nat. Genet. 38 (5): 531-9. doi:10.1038/ ... In contrast, the membrane-spanning protein, neogenin, a receptor for the related molecule, RGMa, preferentially bound membrane- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemojuvelin

"Proteins associated with type II bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR-II) and identified by two-dimensional gel ... Nakayama M, Kikuno R, Ohara O (Nov 2002). "Protein-protein interactions between large proteins: two-hybrid screening using a ... Yu X, Chini CC, He M, Mer G, Chen J (Oct 2003). "The BRCT domain is a phospho-protein binding domain". Science. 302 (5645): 639 ... Yu X, Chini CC, He M, Mer G, Chen J (Oct 2003). "The BRCT domain is a phospho-protein binding domain". Science. 302 (5645): 639 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TOPBP1

2004). "Proteins associated with type II bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR-II) and identified by two-dimensional gel ... Lymphocyte-specific protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LSP1 gene. This gene encodes an intracellular F- ... Huang CK, Zhan L, Ai Y, Jongstra J (1997). "LSP1 is the major substrate for mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein ... Harrison RE, Sikorski BA, Jongstra J (2005). "Leukocyte-specific protein 1 targets the ERK/MAP kinase scaffold protein KSR and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LSP1

2004). "Proteins associated with type II bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR-II) and identified by two-dimensional gel ... PDZ domain-containing RING finger protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PDZRN3 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release ... The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro". DNA Res. 6 (3): 197-205. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDZRN3

2004). "Proteins associated with type II bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR-II) and identified by two-dimensional gel ... Tubulin beta-4A chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TUBB4A gene. Two tubulin beta-4 chain proteins are encoded ... 2005). "The glutamine-rich region of the HIV-1 Tat protein is involved in T-cell apoptosis". Journal of Biological Chemistry. ... coactivator-62 kDa/Ski-interacting protein is a nuclear matrix-associated coactivator that may couple vitamin D receptor- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubulin_beta-4A_chain

2004). "Proteins associated with type II bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR-II) and identified by two-dimensional gel ... 2003). "The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and ... transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment". Genome Res. 13 (10): 2265-70. doi:10.1101/gr.1293003. PMC 403697. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboxylesterase_3

2004). "Proteins associated with type II bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR-II) and identified by two-dimensional gel ... This protein is located in the mitochondrial matrix and catalyzes the cleavage of the leader peptides of precursor proteins ... from mitochondrial protein precursors and releases of N-terminal transit peptides from precursor proteins imported into the ... which necessitates proper translocations of mitochondrial targeting proteins. Many mitochondrial proteins are synthesized in a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMPCA

2004). "Proteins associated with type II bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR-II) and identified by two-dimensional gel ... Nucleolar protein 56 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NOP56 gene. Nop56p is a yeast nucleolar protein that is part ... The protein encoded by this gene is similar in sequence to Nop56p and is also found in the nucleolus. Multiple transcript ... Gautier T, Berges T, Tollervey D, Hurt E (Dec 1997). "Nucleolar KKE/D repeat proteins Nop56p and Nop58p interact with Nop1p and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOL5A

2004). "Proteins associated with type II bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR-II) and identified by two-dimensional gel ... Proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase mos is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MOS gene. MOS (gene) has been ... Proikas-Cezanne T, Stabel S, Riethmacher D (2002). "Identification of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B and casein as substrates ... 1997). "Mos activates myogenic differentiation by promoting heterodimerization of MyoD and E12 proteins". Mol. Cell. Biol. 17 ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS_(gene)

The enzyme is implicated in the trafficking and signaling of type I bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptors in zebra fish ( ... The gene encodes SPTLC1 protein, which together with SPTLC2 protein, forms serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) in humans. SPT is ... such as inflammation of the underlying bones, spontaneous bone fractures, and progressive degeneration of weight-bearing joints ... The gene encodes SPTLC2 protein which is one of two subunits of SPT. As mutations in the gene affect the same enzyme as those ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hereditary_sensory_and_autonomic_neuropathy_type_I

By occupying type I receptors for Activin and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), it also plays a role in negative feedback of ... Itoh F, Asao H, Sugamura K, Heldin CH, ten Dijke P, Itoh S (August 2001). "Promoting bone morphogenetic protein signaling ... "Differential inhibition of Smad6 and Smad7 on bone morphogenetic protein- and activin-mediated growth arrest and apoptosis in B ... Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 7 or SMAD7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMAD7 gene. SMAD7 is a protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_against_decapentaplegic_homolog_7

"Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and activin type II receptors balance BMP9 signals mediated by activin receptor-like kinase-1 ... The signaling complex for bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) start with a ligand binding with a high affinity type I receptor ( ... Growth differentiation factor 2 (GDF2) also known as bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-9 is a protein that in humans is encoded ... "Autocrine bone morphogenetic protein-9 signals through activin receptor-like kinase-2/Smad1/Smad4 to promote ovarian cancer ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GDF2

2005). "Identification of receptors and signaling pathways for orphan bone morphogenetic protein/growth differentiation factor ... 1998). "Cartilage-derived morphogenetic proteins and osteogenic protein-1 differentially regulate osteogenesis". J. Bone Miner ... GDF6 interacts with bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) to form heterodimers that may work to regulate neural induction and ... Reddi AH (1995). "Cartilage morphogenesis: role of bone and cartilage morphogenetic proteins, homeobox genes and extracellular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GDF6

2005). "Identification of receptors and signaling pathways for orphan bone morphogenetic protein/growth differentiation factor ... GDF7 is also known as bone morphogenic protein 12 (BMP-12). GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000143869 - Ensembl, May 2017 ... Growth differentiation factor 7 (GDF7) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GDF7 gene. GDF7 belongs to the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GDF7

The BMPs bind to the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II (BMPR2). Some of the proteins of the BMP family are BMP4 and ... Wnt proteins binds to its transmembrane receptor of the Frizzled family of proteins. The binding of Wnt to a Frizzled protein ... An adaptor protein (such as SOS) recognizes the phosphorylated tyrosine on the receptor. This protein functions as a bridge ... Then active Smoothened protein is able to inhibit PKA and Slimb, so that the Ci protein is not cleaved. This intact Ci protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracrine_signaling

"Proteins associated with type II bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR-II) and identified by two-dimensional gel ... U7 snRNA-associated Sm-like protein LSm10 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LSM10 gene. LSM10 has been shown to ... "A novel zinc finger protein is associated with U7 snRNP and interacts with the stem-loop binding protein in the histone pre- ... "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature. 437 (7062): 1173-8. Bibcode:2005Natur. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LSM10

It is thought to modulate bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor function by serving as an accessory or coreceptor, and thus ... Amnionless is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AMN gene. A complex of amnionless and cubilin forms the cubam receptor ... The encoded protein has sequence similarity to short gastrulation (Sog) and procollagen IIA proteins in Drosophila. GRCh38: ... The protein encoded by this gene is a type I transmembrane protein. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnionless

2004). "Proteins associated with type II bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR-II) and identified by two-dimensional gel ... Fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FRS3 gene. The protein encoded by ... Wang JK, Xu H, Li HC, Goldfarb M (Oct 1996). "Broadly expressed SNT-like proteins link FGF receptor stimulation to activators ... 2006). "Unique role of SNT-2/FRS2beta/FRS3 docking/adaptor protein for negative regulation in EGF receptor tyrosine kinase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FRS3

2004). "Proteins associated with type II bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR-II) and identified by two-dimensional gel ... Studies of the mouse counterpart suggest that this protein may be an actin monomer-binding protein, and its localization to ... Twinfilin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TWF1 gene. This gene encodes twinfilin, an actin monomer-binding ... "Entrez Gene: TWF1 twinfilin, actin-binding protein, homolog 1 (Drosophila)". "Eye morphology data for Twf1". Wellcome Trust ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TWF1

This linkage is further evidenced by the fact that two of the genes, HAO1 and BMP2, affecting medullary bone (the part of the ... The HBB gene encodes information to make the beta-globin subunit of hemoglobin, which is the protein red blood cells use to ... In mating, for many animals the signals and receptors of sexual communication may have evolved simultaneously as the expression ... Foods with high levels of protein must be avoided. These include breast milk, eggs, chicken, beef, pork, fish, nuts, and other ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleiotropic

"Bone morphogenetic protein receptor complexes on the surface of live cells: a new oligomerization mode for serine/threonine ... Chen D, Zhao M, Mundy GR (December 2004). "Bone morphogenetic proteins". Growth Factors 22 (4): 233-41. PMID 15621726. doi: ... Kawamura C, Kizaki M, Ikeda Y (2003). "Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 induces apoptosis in human myeloma cells.". Leuk. ... Koštani morfogenetički protein 2 ili BMP-2 pripada TGF-β superfamiliji proteina.[1] ...

https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dibotermin_alfa

Receptor protein serine/threonine kinase (EC 2.7.11.30). *Bone morphogenetic protein receptors *BMPR1 ... The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family. This protein is highly similar to the gene ... protein kinase activity. • kinase activity. • protein serine/threonine kinase activity. • cyclin-dependent protein serine/ ... protein binding. • ATP binding. • cyclin binding. • cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity. • macromolecular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDK4

In general, proteins fold into discrete units that perform distinct cellular functions, but some proteins are also capable of ... Adult stem cells like bone marrow stem cells have also shown a potential to differentiate into cardiac competent cells when ... that governs the functioning of an odor receptor in the nose that responds specifically to this cherry blossom smell. There ... The first way is post translational modification of the amino acids that make up histone proteins. Histone proteins are made up ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetic

... is due to the upregulation of bone morphogenetic proteins (Bmps). During embryonic development, the gene controlling Bmp ... The surface of the wings is equipped with touch-sensitive receptors on small bumps called Merkel cells, also found on human ... The finger bones of bats are much more flexible than those of other mammals, owing to their flattened cross-section and to low ... The patagium is the wing membrane; it is stretched between the arm and finger bones, and down the side of the body to the hind ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bat

... induces human osteoblast differentiation through bone morphogenetic protein-2/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 pathway ... The red wine phenolics piceatannol and myricetin act as agonists for estrogen receptor in human breast cancer cells. M ... This is due to the tendency of tannins to react with proteins, such as the ones found in saliva.[14] In food and wine pairing, ... proteins and lipids from oxidative damage pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/20061". EFSA Journal. 8 (2): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenolic_content_in_wine

Mutations in several genes have been associated with this condition[24][25] these include bone morphogenetic protein receptor ... Endothelin receptor antagonists[edit]. Moderate quality evidence suggests that endothelin receptor antagonists improve exercise ... This in turn leads to increased cAMP-dependent protein kinase or PKA (protein kinase A) activity, ultimately promoting ... Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) is the intracellular receptor for NO. As of April 2009[update], the sGC activators cinaciguat ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmonary_Hypertension

The conformation of a receptor protein composes the functional state. Ligands include substrates, inhibitors, activators, and ... putative mu opioid/metabotropic glutamate receptor-5 heteromers produces potent antinociception in a chronic murine bone cancer ... In protein-ligand binding, the ligand is usually a molecule which produces a signal by binding to a site on a target protein. ... Ligand binding to a receptor protein alters the conformation by affecting the three-dimensional shape orientation. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligand_binding

"Smad-interacting protein 1 is a repressor of liver/bone/kidney alkaline phosphatase transcription in bone morphogenetic protein ... ZEB2 interacts with receptor-mediated, activated full-length SMADs. The activation of TGFβ receptors brings about the ... Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZEB2 gene. The ZEB2 protein is a ... ZEB2 protein has 8 zinc fingers and 1 homeodomain. The structure of the homeodomain shown on the right. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZEB2

Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A. *Bone morphogenetic protein 1. *Lysostaphin. *Insulin-degrading enzyme ... See also: Receptor/signaling modulators • Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor modulators • Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ... It is translocated into the host cell cytoplasm where it cleaves the host protein SNAP-25, a member of the SNARE protein family ... Botulinum toxin (Botox) is a neurotoxic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum and related species.[1] It ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botulinum

... and bone morphogenetic proteins.[45] Evidence suggests that bone cells produce growth factors for extracellular storage in the ... Calcitonin is produced by parafollicular cells in the thyroid gland, and can bind to receptors on osteoclasts to directly ... Bone marrow[edit]. Bone marrow, also known as myeloid tissue in red bone marrow, can be found in almost any bone that holds ... Bone volume[edit]. Bone volume is determined by the rates of bone formation and bone resorption. Recent research has suggested ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone

Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) also known as bone morphogenetic protein 11 (BMP-11) is a protein that in humans is ... Receptor/signaling modulators. Signaling peptide/protein receptor modulators. Growth factor receptor modulators. Cytokine ... GDF11 acts as a cytokine and its molecular structure is identical in humans, mice and rats.[6] The bone morphogenetic protein ... "GDF11 forms a bone morphogenetic protein 1-activated latent complex that can modulate nerve growth factor-induced ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GDF11

Receptor protein serine/threonine kinase (EC 2.7.11.30). *Bone morphogenetic protein receptors *BMPR1 ... protein kinase activity. • PDZ domain binding. • SH3 domain binding. • scaffold protein binding. • metal ion binding. • kinase ... protein serine/threonine kinase activity. • GO:0001948 protein binding. • ATP binding. • Rho GTPase binding. ... Husi H, Ward MA, Choudhary JS, Blackstock WP, Grant SG (Jul 2000). "Proteomic analysis of NMDA receptor-adhesion protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIT_

The decapentaplegic Vg-related (DVR) related subfamily (including the bone morphogenetic proteins and the growth ... Receptor/signaling modulators. Signaling peptide/protein receptor modulators. Growth factor receptor modulators. Cytokine ... These proteins interact with a conserved family of cell surface serine/threonine-specific protein kinase receptors, and ... Human genes encoding proteins that contain this domain include:. AMH; ARTN; BMP10; BMP15; BMP2; BMP3; BMP4; BMP5; BMP6; BMP7; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tgf_beta_superfamily

Cell surface receptors: enzyme-linked receptors. Receptor protein serine/threonine kinase. *Bone morphogenetic protein ... Guanylyl cyclase activator (protein). References[edit]. *^ Sakurai K.; Chen J.; Kefalov V. (2011). "Role of guanylate cylcase ... Gong R, Ding C, Hu J, Lu Y, Liu F, Mann E, Xu F, Cohen M, Luo M (2011). "Role for the membrane receptor guanylate cyclase-c in ... Indirect/downstream NO modulators: ACE inhibitors/AT-II receptor antagonists (e.g., captopril, losartan) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guanylate_cyclase

Inhibition of TGF-β and BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) signaling can efficiently induce neural tissue from pluripotent stem ... The Trk proteins act as receptors for NGF and related factors. Trk is a receptor tyrosine kinase. Trk dimerization and ... The functional receptor is a heterodimer, composed of type 1 and type 2 receptors. Activation of the type 1 receptor leads to ... CNTF: Ciliary neurotrophic factor is another protein that acts as a survival factor for motor neurons. CNTF acts via a receptor ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_development

Receptor protein serine/threonine kinase (EC 2.7.11.30). *Bone morphogenetic protein receptors *BMPR1 ... This protein-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.. *v ... protein binding. • metal ion binding. • oxidoreductase activity. • carboxy-lyase activity. • 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BCKDHA

2008). "GLI2-specific transcriptional activation of the bone morphogenetic protein/activin antagonist follistatin in human ... 2005). "The structure of the follistatin:activin complex reveals antagonism of both type I and type II receptor binding". Dev. ... and bone morphogenetic proteins". Endocrinology. 147 (7): 3586-97. doi:10.1210/en.2006-0089. PMID 16627583. Grusch M, Drucker C ... It has inhibitory action on bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs); BMPs induce the ectoderm to become epidermal ectoderm. Inhibition ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follistatin

Cell membrane protein disorders (other than Cell surface receptor, enzymes, and cytoskeleton) ... This involves cutting bone and moving ends apart incrementally to allow new bone to form in the gap. This consists of several ... The development of the face is coordinated by complex morphogenetic events and rapid proliferative expansion, and is thus ... Orthognathic surgery - surgical cutting of bone to realign the upper jaw (osteotomy). The bone is cut then re-positioned and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleft_lip_and_palate

The lack of these factors result in a decreased production of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), which translates into a ... as many are involved in the proper development of neuronal receptors, neurotransmitters, synaptic vesicle proteins, and channel ... stretch in the protein. The mutated Htt protein affects an individual's proper neural functions by inhibiting the action of ... that binds to the TATA box along with 13 other proteins that bind to TBP. The TATA box binding proteins also include the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silencer_(DNA)

... astrocytes were generated by exposing human glial precursor cells to bone morphogenetic protein (Bone morphogenetic protein is ... of the effects of marijuana on short term memories found that THC activates CB1 receptors of astrocytes which cause receptors ... WNTs and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), provide positional information to developing macroglial cells through morphogen ... with the bone protein and human glial cells combined, they promoted significant recovery of conscious foot placement, axonal ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astroglial_cell

... bone morphogenetic protein, and growth differentiation factor belong to the TGF-β protein superfamily.[9] ... bone growth), to behave as an agonist of the receptor and to induce hyperactive bone growth.[21] On 2 September 2015, Regeneron ... Activin type 2 receptors: ACVR2A, ACVR2B. Activin binds to the Type II receptor and initiates a cascade reaction that leads to ... but may involve competing with activin for binding to activin receptors and/or binding to inhibin-specific receptors.[8] ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhibin

... and bone morphogenetic protein BMP4. FGF10 is seen to have the most prominent role. FGF10 is a paracrine signalling molecule ... Pulmonary stretch receptors in the smooth muscle of the airways initiate a reflex known as the Hering-Breuer reflex that ... Other proteins with elevated expression in the lung are the dynein protein DNAH5 in ciliated cells, and the secreted SCGB1A1 ... The highest expression of lung specific proteins are different surfactant proteins,[18] such as SFTPA1, SFTPB and SFTPC, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saccular_stage

"Mycoplasma infection transforms normal lung cells and induces bone morphogenetic protein 2 expression by post-transcriptional ... P1 is a membrane associated protein that allows adhesion to epithelial cells. The P1 receptor is also expressed on erythrocytes ... The protein also causes the growth, morphology, and the gene expression of the cells to change, causing them to become a more ... Prostate cancer: p37, a protein encoded for by M. hyorhinis, has been found to promote the invasiveness of prostate cancer ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycoplasma

Activin, inhibin and a number of other structurally related proteins such as anti-Müllerian hormone, bone morphogenetic protein ... bone growth), to behave as an agonist of the receptor and to induce hyperactive bone growth. On 2 September 2015, Regeneron ... Activin type 1 receptors: ACVR1, ACVR1B, ACVR1C Activin type 2 receptors: ACVR2A, ACVR2B Activin binds to the Type II receptor ... but may involve competing with activin for binding to activin receptors and/or binding to inhibin-specific receptors. Activin A ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activin_and_inhibin

Bone morphogenetic protein 10. *C-Met. *C-Raf. *C3a receptor. *CBX3. *CD163 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_6.svg

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). *Ciliary neurotrophic factor family *Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) ... Examples are cytokines and hormones that bind to specific receptors on the surface of their target cells. ... Macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP), also known as hepatocyte growth factor-like protein (HGFLP) ... Binding proteins: IGFBP (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7). *Cleavage products/derivatives with unknown target: Glypromate (GPE, (1-3)IGF-1) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_factor

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), growth and differentiation factors (GDFs), inhibins and activins.[7] ... Receptor/signaling modulators. Signaling peptide/protein receptor modulators. Growth factor receptor modulators. Cytokine ... protein binding. • protein heterodimerization activity. • transforming growth factor beta receptor binding. • growth factor ... positive regulation of protein secretion. • ossification involved in bone remodeling. • uterine wall breakdown. • frontal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TGFB3

"Bone morphogenetic proteins 2, 4, and 9 stimulate murine hepcidin 1 expression independently of Hfe, transferrin receptor 2 ( ... GDF6 interacts with bone morphogenetic proteins to regulate ectoderm patterning, and controls eye development. GDF8 is now ... Hino J, Kangawa K, Matsuo H, Nohno T, Nishimatsu S (2004). "Bone morphogenetic protein-3 family members and their biological ... BMPedia - the Bone Morphogenetic Protein Wiki[permanent dead link]. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_differentiation_factor

Receptor protein serine/threonine kinase (EC 2.7.11.30). *Bone morphogenetic protein receptors *BMPR1 ... protein kinase C activity. • metal ion binding. • kinase activity. • protein binding. • ATP binding. • protein serine/threonine ... Fc-epsilon receptor signaling pathway. • protein phosphorylation. • negative regulation of T cell apoptotic process. • negative ... Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of serine- and threonine-specific protein kinases that can be activated by the second ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PKCθ

There are four bone morphogenetic protein receptors: Bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type 1: ACVR1 BMPR1A BMPR1B Bone ... Bone morphogenetic protein Miyazono K, Kamiya Y, Morikawa M (January 2010). "Bone morphogenetic protein receptors and signal ... Bone morphogenetic protein receptors are serine-threonine kinase receptors. Transforming growth factor beta family proteins ... morphogenetic protein receptor, type 2 Both type 1 and 2 bone morphogenetic protein receptors have a single transmembrane ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_morphogenetic_protein_receptor

Bone morphogenetic protein type I receptors are single pass, type I transmembrane proteins. They belong to a class of receptor ... The three types of type I BMP receptors are ACVR1, BMPR1A and BMPR1B. Bone+Morphogenetic+Protein+Receptors,+Type+I at the US ... serine/threonine kinases that bind members of the TGF beta superfamily of ligands-the Bone morphogenetic proteins. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_morphogenetic_protein_receptor,_type_1

Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors. *Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type I. *Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, ... Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors. *Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type I. *Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, ... Controlling cell fate by bone morphogenetic protein receptors.. ten Dijke P1, Korchynskyi O, Valdimarsdottir G, Goumans MJ. ... Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are multifunctional proteins that regulate the fate of different cell types, including ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14656483

... bone and cartilage, and subsequently were shown to be pleiotropic cytokines controlling a wide variety of biological responses ... Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are importantsignalling molecules that were first identified by their ability to induce ... 1994) Identification of type I receptors for osteogenic protein and bone morphogenetic protein‐4. Journal of Biological ... Bone Morphogenetic Proteins and Their Receptors. David Jan Jozef de Gorter, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The ...

http://www.els.net/WileyCDA/ElsArticle/refId-a0002330.html

Cloning and characterization of a human type II receptor for bone morphogenetic proteins. B L Rosenzweig, T Imamura, T Okadome ... Cloning and characterization of a human type II receptor for bone morphogenetic proteins ... Cloning and characterization of a human type II receptor for bone morphogenetic proteins ... Cloning and characterization of a human type II receptor for bone morphogenetic proteins ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/92/17/7632?ijkey=1b49f44ef36ea5876165b8b43b7ea9a50c892d19&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

A truncated bone morphogenetic protein receptor affects dorsal-ventral patterning in the early Xenopus embryo. A Suzuki, R S ... A truncated bone morphogenetic protein receptor affects dorsal-ventral patterning in the early Xenopus embryo ... A truncated bone morphogenetic protein receptor affects dorsal-ventral patterning in the early Xenopus embryo ... A truncated bone morphogenetic protein receptor affects dorsal-ventral patterning in the early Xenopus embryo ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/91/22/10255?ijkey=628f4fb26d409decdff4afee23050b77742780e2&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-2. Names. BMP type II receptor. BMP type-2 receptor. bone morphogenic protein receptor ... Bmpr2 bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type II (serine/threonine kinase) [Mu... Bmpr2 bone morphogenetic protein receptor, ... mRNA and Protein(s) * XM_006495633.1 → XP_006495696.1 bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-2 isoform X1 ... mRNA and Protein(s) * NM_007561.4 → NP_031587.1 bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-2 precursor ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?cmd=search&term=NM_007561

Compare bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 1A ELISA Kits from leading suppliers on Biocompare. View specifications, ... bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 1A ELISA Kits. The ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) is a well-established ... Your search returned 143 bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 1A ELISA ELISA Kit across 14 suppliers. ... Our laboratory focuses on effects of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation in dendritic cells. ... read more ...

https://www.biocompare.com/pfu/110627/soids/2-2269689/ELISA_Kit/ELISA_bone_morphogenetic_protein_receptor_type_1A

... bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2; CASP3, Caspase 3; FAS, Fas Cell surface death receptor; SEM, standard error of the mean ... Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor Type 2 Mutation in Pulmonary Arterial HypertensionCLINICAL PERSPECTIVE. A View on the Right ... Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 mutations, clinical phenotypes and outcomes of Japanese patients with sporadic or ... Mutation in the gene for bone morphogenetic protein receptor II as a cause of primary pulmonary hypertension in a large kindred ...

http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/133/18/1747

"Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Bone Morphogenetic Protein ... Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors. *Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type I. *Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, ... Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases [D08.811.913.696.620.682.700]. *Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors [D08.811.913.696.620.682. ... A family of CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS that bind BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEINS. They are PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES that ...

https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/Concept/Bone%20Morphogenetic%20Protein%20Receptors

Type II receptors phosphorylate and activate type I receptors which autophosphorylate, then bind and activate SMAD ... Receptor for BMP2, BMP4, GDF5 and GDF6. Positively regulates chondrocyte differentiation through GDF5 interaction (PubMed: ... forms a receptor complex consisting of two type II and two type I transmembrane serine/threonine kinases. ... Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-1AAdd BLAST. 509. Amino acid modifications. Feature key. Position(s). Description ...

http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P36895

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) exhibit broad spectra of biological activities in various tissues, including bone, cartilage ... The recent development of BMP receptor inhibitors may also prove useful for some clinical diseases induced by hyperactivation ... family that bind to type II and type I serine-threonine kinase receptors, and transduce signals through Smad and non-Smad ...

https://scialert.net/asci/ascidetail.php?doi=jb.2010.35.51&kw=

bone morphogenetic protein receptor type IA. C, D. 135. Homo sapiens. Mutation(s): 0 Gene Names: BMPR1A, ACVRLK3, ALK3. EC: 2.7 ... Structural refinement of the complex of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and its type IA receptor. *DOI: 10.2210/pdb1REW/pdb ... Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and other members of the TGF-beta superfamily regulate the development, maintenance and ... Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and other members of the TGF-beta superfamily regulate the development, maintenance and ...

https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1REW

Anti-Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor 2 antibody produced in goat for your research needs. Find product specific information ... Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor 2 (BMP R2) is a 70-80kD protein that belongs to serine/threonine kinases family. BMPs bind ... Anti-Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor 2 antibody produced in goat affinity isolated antibody, lyophilized powder Synonym: ... Anti-Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor 2 (BMP R2) antibody may be used in indirect ELISA at a working antibody concentration ...

https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sigma/b9928?lang=en®ion=US

Crystal structure of the cytoplasmic domain of the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-1B (BMPR1B) in complex with FKBP12 ... Crystal structure of the cytoplasmic domain of the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-1B (BMPR1B) in complex with FKBP12 ... Crystal structure of the cytoplasmic domain of the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-1B (BMPR1B) in complex with FKBP12 ... Protein Workshop , Ligand Explorer. Global Symmetry: Asymmetric - C1 Global Stoichiometry: Hetero 2-mer - AB Biological ...

https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3MDY

Background- Mutations in the type II receptor for bone morphogenetic protein (BMPR-II), a receptor member of the transforming ... Cloning and characterization of a human type II receptor for bone morphogenetic proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995; 92: ... Familial primary pulmonary hypertension (gene PPH1) is caused by mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor-II gene. ... Recently, heterozygous germline mutations that involve the gene encoding the type II bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR2 ...

http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/105/14/1672

Mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type II receptor (BMPR-II) underlie heritable forms of the disease but the ... S100 The bone morphogenetic protein type II receptor is critical for venous angiogenesis in zebrafish ... S100 The bone morphogenetic protein type II receptor is critical for venous angiogenesis in zebrafish ... A variety of methods were used to dissect the role of BMP signalling in vascular development including: (i) BMP receptor ...

https://thorax.bmj.com/content/66/Suppl_4/A47.1

The daf-4 gene encodes a bone morphogenetic protein receptor controlling C. elegans dauer larva development. 1993, Pubmed ... A truncated bone morphogenetic protein receptor affects dorsal-ventral patterning in the early Xenopus embryo. Suzuki A , Thies ... bone morphogenetic proteins are ventral inducers. 1994, Pubmed , Xenbase Hemmati-Brivanlou, A truncated activin receptor ... DVR-4 (bone morphogenetic protein-4) as a posterior-ventralizing factor in Xenopus mesoderm induction. 1992, Pubmed , Xenbase ...

http://www.xenbase.org/literature/article.do?method=display&articleId=20663

Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors [D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.109]. *Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type I [D08.811. ... Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors [D12.776.543.750.750.400.049]. *Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type I [D12.776. ... Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type I*Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type I ... Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor, Type IA*Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor, Type IA ...

https://profiles.umassmed.edu/display/115356

MM bone-marrow samples (n=32) had increased BMP4, BMP6, ACVR1 and ACVR2A, and decreased NOG expression compared with controls ( ... Bone morphogenetic proteins and receptors are over-expressed in bone-marrow cells of multiple myeloma patients and support ... Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors / genetics* * Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors / metabolism * Bone Morphogenetic ... Within MM bone-marrow, the source of BMPs was mainly CD138(+) plasma-cell population, and BMP6 and ACVR1 expression correlated ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19926132/?dopt=Abstract

... ... The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family is emerging as playing a crucial role in regulating normal follicle growth and ... BMPs exert their effects via BMP receptors (BMPR-IA, -IB and -II). However, there is a paucity of information relating to the ... Results confirmed the presence of all three receptors in the fetal egg nests and in the granulosa cell layer of follicles ...

https://insights.ovid.com/janat/200407000/00004539-200407000-00002

Distribution of bone morphogenetic protein and bone morphogenetic protein receptor transcripts in the rodent nervous system and ... Microtubule Stabilization by Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor-Mediated Scaffolding of c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Promotes ... Microtubule Stabilization by Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor-Mediated Scaffolding of c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Promotes ... Microtubule Stabilization by Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor-Mediated Scaffolding of c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Promotes ...

https://mcb.asm.org/content/30/9/2241?ijkey=a0de01d0f5a8412a69b665f73c1499db58ef52f7&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

Bone morphogenetic protein receptors (BMPRs) are members of the transforming growth factor β superfamily of receptors (de ... Bone morphogenetic protein type IA receptor signaling regulates postnatal osteoblast function and bone remodeling. J. Biol. ... Expression of bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1A (BMPR1A) is attenuated in the lung vessels of patients with pulmonary ... Mishina, Y., Suzuki, A., Ueno, N. and Behringer, R. R. (1995). Bmpr encodes a type I bone morphogenetic protein receptor that ...

http://dev.biologists.org/content/135/17/2981

Low-density-lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP-5) and 6, BMP-2, -4, and -7, bone morphogenetic protein receptor-IA and ... such as Wnts and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) regulating chondrocyte activity in the growth plate, may play a key role in ... LRP-5, BMP-2, BMP-4, BMPR-IA, and LEF-1 mRNA and protein expression levels were found to be significantly upregulated in ... LRP-5 silencing reduced nuclear β-catenin protein levels, MMPs and collagen X expression, whereas increased phospho-β-catenin ...

https://arthritis-research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/ar3805

Type II receptor serine/threonine kinases. Detailed annotation on the structure, function, physiology, pharmacology and ... bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 Mouse. 1. 1038. 1 C2. Bmpr2 bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type II (serine/ ... bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type II (serine/threonine kinase) , bone morphogenetic protein receptor ... bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-2 , BMPRII , BMP type II receptor , BMPR-2 , BMP receptor 2 , BMPR3 , BRK-3 , PPH1 , T ...

https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=1794&familyId=319&familyType=CATALYTICRECEPTOR

Activin A Receptor, Type Ii-Like Kinase 3; Activin Receptor-Like Kinase 3; Serine/Threonine-Protein Kinase Receptor R5 , ... ELISA Kit for Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor 1A (BMPR1A), CD292; ACVRLK3; ALK3; SKR5; BMPR1-A; ... ELISA Kit for Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor 1A (BMPR1A). CD292; ACVRLK3; ALK3; SKR5; BMPR1-A; Activin A Receptor, Type Ii ... The concentration of Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor 1A (BMPR1A) in the samples is then determined by comparing the O.D. of ...

http://www.uscnk.com/uscn/ELISA-Kit-for-Mouse-Bone-Morphogenetic-Protein-Receptor-1A-BMPR1A-CD292-29.htm

... termed activin receptor-like kinase 2 (Alk2), Alk3, or bone morphogenetic protein receptor Ia (BMPRIa) and Alk6 or BMPRIb. ... termed activin receptor-like kinase 2 (Alk2), Alk3, or bone morphogenetic protein receptor Ia (BMPRIa) and Alk6 or BMPRIb. ... termed activin receptor-like kinase 2 (Alk2), Alk3, or bone morphogenetic protein receptor Ia (BMPRIa) and Alk6 or BMPRIb. ... termed activin receptor-like kinase 2 (Alk2), Alk3, or bone morphogenetic protein receptor Ia (BMPRIa) and Alk6 or BMPRIb. ...

https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/the-bone-morphogenetic-protein-type-ib-receptor-is-a-major-mediat-3

BMPR1A; bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type IA; ACVRLK3; bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-1A; ALK3; CD292; ALK-3 ... serine/threonine-protein kinase receptor R5; SKR5; 10q23del; BRK-1; BMPR-1; BMP receptor 1; protein kinase; bone morphogenic ... The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptors are a family of transmembrane serine/threonine kinases that include the type I ... kinase receptors: type I receptors of about 50-55 kD and type II receptors of about 70-80 kD. Type II receptors bind ligands in ...

https://www.creative-biogene.com/symbolsearch_bmpr1a.html

The deduced protein contains an atypical N-terminal signal sequence, a small hydrophilic cysteine-rich ligand-binding domain, a ... major transducer of signals in these condensations as demonstrated in experiments using constitutively active BMPR1B receptors ... Proteins. n/a. Recombinant Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor 1B (BMPR1B). Recombinant Protein Customized Service Offer. ... Proteins. n/a. Recombinant Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor 1B (BMPR1B). Recombinant Protein Customized Service Offer. ...

http://www.cloud-clone.com/items/A730.html

We recently designed a novel bone morphogenetic protein receptor type I (BMPRI) mimetic peptide, CK2.1, that activates BMPRIa ... signaling in the absence of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP). Our previous research demonstrated that CK2.1 induced ... From: CK2.1, a bone morphogenetic protein receptor type Ia mimetic peptide, repairs cartilage in mice with destabilized medial ...

https://stemcellres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13287-017-0537-y/figures/4

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are multifunctional proteins that regulate the fate of different cell types, including mesenchymal and endothelial cells. (nih.gov)
Like other members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily, BMPs elicit their cellular effects via specific types I and II serine/threonine receptors. (nih.gov)
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are important signalling molecules that were first identified by their ability to induce bone and cartilage, and subsequently were shown to be pleiotropic cytokines controlling a wide variety of biological responses during early development, skeletogenesis and homoeostasis of several tissues. (els.net)
BMPs transmit their signals from membrane to nucleus through distinct combinations of types I and II serine/threonine kinase receptors and their intracellular effectors the Smad proteins. (els.net)
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are important pleiotropic cytokines controlling a wide variety of biological responses ranging from early development, skeletogenesis and homeostasis of several tissues to suppression of tumorigenesis. (els.net)
The pleiotropic characteristics of BMPs clearly implicate the need for a tight control of their activities, which is achieved via secreted antagonists which directly bind BMPs and prevent them from binding to their receptors, negative feedback loops mediated by the inhibitory Smads, Smad6 and Smad7, and crosstalk with many different signalling pathways. (els.net)
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily. (pnas.org)
Here we report the cDNA cloning and characterization of a human type II receptor for BMPs (BMPR-II), which is distantly related to DAF-4, a BMP type II receptor from Caenorhabditis elegans. (pnas.org)
BMPR-II bound ligands only weakly alone, but the binding was facilitated by the presence of previously identified type I receptors for BMPs. (pnas.org)
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), which are members of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) superfamily, have been implicated in bone formation and the regulation of early development. (pnas.org)
To better understand the roles of BMPs in Xenopus laevis embryogenesis, we have cloned a cDNA coding for a serine/threonine kinase receptor that binds BMP-2 and BMP-4. (pnas.org)
This gene encodes a serine/threonine kinase that functions as a receptor for bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). (nih.gov)
The encoded protein is a type II receptor that binds extracellular BMPs and forms a complex of two type II and two type I receptors at the cell membrane. (nih.gov)
BMPs are members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family that bind to type II and type I serine-threonine kinase receptors, and transduce signals through Smad and non-Smad signalling pathways. (scialert.net)
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are the members of the TGF-β superfamily and are identified as the critical factors for formation of bone and cartilage, hematopoietic cell formation and mesoderm patterning. (sigmaaldrich.com)
The cellular effects of BMPs are mediated by a heteromeric complex composed of type I and type II receptors. (sigmaaldrich.com)
BMPs bind to BMP R2 and then recruits the transducing type I receptor which in turn activate the Smad protein signaling pathway. (sigmaaldrich.com)
We assessed the expression pattern and clinical relevance of BMPs and related molecules in multiple myeloma (MM). MM bone-marrow samples (n=32) had increased BMP4, BMP6, ACVR1 and ACVR2A, and decreased NOG expression compared with controls (n=15), with BMP6 having the highest sensitivity/specificity. (nih.gov)
Within MM bone-marrow, the source of BMPs was mainly CD138(+) plasma-cell population, and BMP6 and ACVR1 expression correlated with plasma-cell percentage. (nih.gov)
Using myeloma cell lines NCI H929 and Thiel we showed that BMPs induced ID1, ID2 and IL6, and suppressed CDKN1A and BAX gene expression, and BAX protein expression. (nih.gov)
BMPs exert their effects via BMP receptors (BMPR-IA, -IB and -II). (ovid.com)
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play an important role in neuronal differentiation and morphogenesis, and BMP7 in particular induces the formation of dendrites. (asm.org)
Events normally taking place in the terminal chondrocyte differentiation in the growth plate are also observed during osteoarthritis (OA) development, suggesting that molecules, such as Wnts and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) regulating chondrocyte activity in the growth plate, may play a key role in osteoarthritis pathogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) act as growth regulators and inducers of differentiation. (elsevier.com)
We conclude that endogenous BMPs mediate cell survival, astroglial differentiation and the suppression of oligodendrocytic cell fate mainly via the Alk6 receptor in AHP culture. (elsevier.com)
The bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs), growth and differentiation factors (GDFs) and activins belong to the large transforming growth factor (TGF)β superfamily of secreted signaling molecules [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are multifunctional proteins, structurally related to transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and activin. (elsevier.com)
Activin or bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) 2, 4, or 6 stimulated CGRP expression in 60% of DRG neurons. (nih.gov)
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are key factors in bone formation. (cf.ac.uk)
Selective BMPs have been implicated in the progression and in particular the bone metastasis of prostate cancer. (cf.ac.uk)
In the current study, we examined the expression of certain BMPs, the BMP receptors and putative intracellular signaling molecules in prostate cell lines using RT-PCR, which allowed us to design the strategy of in vitro experiments. (cf.ac.uk)
This suggests that these BMPs and the receptors may play profound roles in the development and progression of prostate cancer. (cf.ac.uk)
Firstly, knock-down of BMP receptor-IB (BMPR-IB) and BMP receptor-II (BMPR-II) using ribozyme transgenes, resulted in an increase of cellular proliferation, which suggested that both receptors are responsible in mediating the inhibitory effects of BMPs on cell growth in prostate cancer cells. (cf.ac.uk)
BMPs and BMP receptors signaling play profound roles in prostate cancer. (cf.ac.uk)
The largest subdivision of this superfamily is comprised of the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), which activate SMADs 1, 5, and 8 and play an essential role in embryonic development and in postnatal tissue homeostasis [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) belong to the transforming growth factor-β superfamily that regulates a number of cellular activities ( 20 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
BMPs are translated as pre-proteins with a prodomain. (portlandpress.com)
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) represent a large subgroup of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β superfamily. (physiology.org)
The BMPs are soluble proteins that are part of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily. (aacrjournals.org)
BMPs regulate apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells ( 6 ) and mutations in the BMP receptor 1a (BMPR1A) have been found in ∼20% of families with juvenile polyposis syndrome whereas another 20% of cases of juvenile polyposis syndrome are caused by mutations in SMAD4, the common mediator of BMP and TGF-β signaling ( 7 - 9 ). (aacrjournals.org)
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play a critical role in tumor progression and this study focuses on the role of BMP9- A ctivin receptor- L ike K inase 1 and 2 (ALK1 and ALK2) axis in prostate cancer. (frontiersin.org)
Members of the TGF-β superfamily with important effects on bone cell differentiation are bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) ( 17 , 41 ), which were first identified as factors that induce bone formation in vivo when implanted into muscular tissues ( 54 ). (asm.org)
Unlike TGF-β, which induces new bone formation only when injected near bone, BMPs produce bone formation even when injected into ectopic sites. (asm.org)
TGF-β and BMPs bind to distinct receptors, TGF-β type I and II receptors for TGF-β and BMP type I and II receptors for BMPs. (asm.org)

Bone morphogenetic protein receptors are serine-threonine kinase receptors. (wikipedia.org)
Several members of this family have been shown to transduce their signals through binding to type I and type II serine-(threonine) kinase receptors. (pnas.org)
TGF-betas and activins transduce their signals through the formation of heteromeric complexes with 2 different types of serine (threonine) kinase receptors: type I receptors of about 50-55 kD and type II receptors of about 70-80 kD. (creative-biogene.com)
Transforming growth factor (TGF)β superfamily members transduce signals by oligomerizing two classes of serine/threonine kinase receptors, termed type I and type II. (biomedcentral.com)
TGF-β and activin exert their effects by forming heteromeric complexes of type I and type II serine/threonine kinase receptors. (elsevier.com)
We have previously identified a series of type I serine/threonine kinase receptors, termed activin receptor-like kinase (ALK)-1 to -6. (elsevier.com)
TGF-β superfamily ligands induce heteromeric complex formation of cognate type II and type I serine/threonine kinase receptors. (aacrjournals.org)
Below we examine these questions and discuss the evidence for non-Smad signalling mechanisms downstream of serine/threonine kinase receptors. (biologists.org)

Activins bind and signal via bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II (BMPR2) in immortalized gonadotrope-like cells. (nih.gov)
Dual luciferase report assay verified that miR-3065-5p could bind to the 3'UTR of bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II (BMPR2), which dramatically increased in the beginning of odontoblastic differentiation but decreased in the terminal differentiation stage. (nih.gov)
The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptors are a family of transmembrane serine/threonine kinases that include the type I receptors BMPR1A and BMPR1B and the type II receptor BMPR2. (creative-biogene.com)
The BMPR2 gene provides instructions for making a protein called bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2. (nih.gov)
The BMPR2 gene belongs to a family of genes originally identified for its role in regulating the growth and maturation (differentiation) of bone and cartilage. (nih.gov)
Bone morphogenetic proteins receptor type 2 (BMPR2) mutations can be found in sufferers with heritable and idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). (bosutinib.info)
Thus, we sought to identify and validate an antibody that neutralizes the ligand-binding function of BMP receptor type 2 (BMPR2) extracellular domain (ECD). (biomedcentral.com)
In this study, we sought to identify and validate a commercially available antibody that neutralizes the ligand-binding function of bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2), which is essential for embryogenesis and has been shown to play clinically-relevant roles in pulmonary vascular homeostasis and remodeling of the postnatal skeleton [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
BMPR2-ECD/Fc fusion (Sino Biologicals 10551-H03H) was mixed with 5 µL Protein G-coupled Dynabeads (Invitrogen 1003D) at room temperature for 30 min in 200 µL total volume with gentle rocking. (biomedcentral.com)
Heterozygous mutations in the gene encoding the bone morphogenetic protein type 2 receptor (BMPR2) are the most common genetic cause of PAH. (pvrinstitute.org)
We hypothesize that bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9), a ligand of the TGF-β family that binds to the activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1)-BMP receptor type 2 (BMPR2) receptor complex, may be a novel therapeutic option for BPD. (frontiersin.org)
ALK1, BMPR2 , and Endoglin , and of the ALK1 downstream target transmembrane protein 100 (TMEM100) were studied during the development of experimental BPD. (frontiersin.org)
The BMPR2 gene on chromosome 2 encodes the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2. (snpedia.com)

They belong to a class of receptor serine/threonine kinases that bind members of the TGF beta superfamily of ligands-the Bone morphogenetic proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and other members of the TGF-beta superfamily regulate the development, maintenance and regeneration of tissues and organs. (rcsb.org)
These results are relevant for other proteins of the TGF-beta superfamily and provide useful clues for structure-based drug design. (rcsb.org)
Background - Mutations in the type II receptor for bone morphogenetic protein (BMPR-II), a receptor member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily, underlie many familial and sporadic cases of primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH). (ahajournals.org)
B) Homology of the mTFR11/hALK-3 to other receptors for ligands of the TGF-(3 superfamily. (xenbase.org)
The ligands of these receptors are members of the TGF-beta superfamily. (creative-biogene.com)
Since members of the TGFβ superfamily transduce signals via a heterooligomeric receptor system, differences in binding affinities and specificities might generate a multiplicity of ligand-receptor complexes with different signaling properties, allowing cellular responses that differ in quality and quantity. (biomedcentral.com)
The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway comprises the largest subdivision of the transforming growth factor (TGFβ) superfamily. (biomedcentral.com)
The TGF-β superfamily is a group of pleiotropic cytokines and their receptors that contribute to metazoan cellular development and regulation [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP7), a member of the TGF-β superfamily, is essential for early ocular morphogenesis, and lack of BMP7 causes epithelial development disturbances in the eye. (arvojournals.org)
The 35-kDa homodimeric protein bone morphogenic protein (BMP)-7 is a member of the TGF-β superfamily. (arvojournals.org)
PURPOSE To investigate transcription of members of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta superfamily and corresponding receptors in human corneal epithelium and stroma. (semanticscholar.org)
During the past 10 years, it has been firmly established that Smad pathways are central mediators of signals from the receptors for transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily members to the nucleus. (biologists.org)
Here, we discuss non-Smad signalling proteins downstream of the receptors for various TGF-β superfamily members. (biologists.org)
The dimeric TGF-β superfamily ligands interact with heterotetrameric complexes of type II and type I receptors, which leads to phosphorylation-dependent activation of the dormant type I receptor kinase by the constitutively active type II receptor kinase ( Shi and Massagué, 2003 ). (biologists.org)

Signal transduction of TGFβ members is mediated by oligomerizing two different types of transmembrane serine/threonine kinase receptor chains termed type I and type II. (biomedcentral.com)
That said, the repertoire of these molecules remains limited and, in particular, few tools exist for inhibiting the function of type 2 BMP receptors, the activity of which are essential for initiating signal transduction. (biomedcentral.com)
Of the components involved in TGF-β signal transduction, abnormalities in the TGF-β type II receptor , TGF-β type I receptor , and Smad4 have been extensively characterized. (aacrjournals.org)

The activated BMP type I receptor phosphorylates specific receptor-regulated (R)-Smad proteins, which assemble into heteromeric complexes with common partner (Co)-Smad4. (nih.gov)
A phylogenetic analysis of mammalian Smad proteins. (els.net)
BMP intracellular signalling through Smad proteins. (els.net)
Extracellular dimeric ligands bind to transmembrane serine/threonine kinase receptor complexes, bringing together two type 1 and two type 2 receptors, in order to activate a group of effectors called SMAD proteins [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
When the BMPR1A protein is bound to a ligand, it turns on (activates) a group of related proteins (a protein complex) called SMAD proteins. (medlineplus.gov)
Activated type I receptors signal into cytoplasm through phosphorylation of Smad proteins. (aacrjournals.org)
Thus far, eight mammalian Smad proteins have been identified. (aacrjournals.org)
and (3) the TGF-β receptors directly interact with or phosphorylate non-Smad proteins, thus initiating parallel signalling that cooperates with the Smad pathway in eliciting physiological responses. (biologists.org)
and (3) non-Smad proteins that directly interact with or become phosphorylated by TGF-β receptors and do not necessarily affect the function of Smads. (biologists.org)
Are non-Smad proteins points of convergence between signalling by TGF-β and other factors? (biologists.org)

An essential step in most BMP receptor‐controlled responses is the phosphorylation of the receptor‐regulated Smads, Smad1, Smad5 and Smad8, which then associate with the co‐Smad, Smad4, and translocate to the nucleus where they control transcription of BMP target genes. (els.net)
Moreover, accumulating evidence now suggests that JNK is directly involved in the regulation of the cytoskeleton, particularly in maintaining the stability of microtubules by controlling the phosphorylation of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). (asm.org)
Phosphorylation of receptor-activated SMADs (R-SMADs) by the receptor dimer allows the R-SMADs to form heterodimers with partner SMADs (co-SMADs) and translocate to the nucleus where, in collaboration with a host of other factors, they activate or inhibit the transcription of target genes (see accompanying review 1 for more information). (nature.com)
ODAM and BMPR-IB interacted through the C-terminus of ODAM, which resulted in increased ODAM phosphorylation in the presence of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2). (yonsei.ac.kr)
Following heterodimerization, type I receptors are phosphorylated by type II receptors and subsequently activate the receptor-regulated R-Smads (Smad1, 5 and 8) through phosphorylation [ 5 ]. (portlandpress.com)
This leads to the phosphorylation of the type I receptor that subsequently phosphorylates the BMP-specific Smads (Smad1, Smad5, and Smad8), allowing these receptor-associated Smads to form a complex with Smad4 and move into the nucleus where the Smad complex binds a DNA binding protein and acts as a transcriptional enhancer ( 5 ). (aacrjournals.org)

Receptor for BMP2, BMP4, GDF5 and GDF6. (uniprot.org)
Submucosal smooth muscle cells express bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4). (jneurosci.org)
For example, BMP4 is the only member of the BMP2 subfamily whose interactions with different type II receptors have been tested. (nature.com)
In the normal mouse embryo, Bmp4 is expressed in mesenchymal cells surrounding the Wolffian duct (WD) and ureter stalk, whereas bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type I receptor genes are transcribed either ubiquitously ( Alk3 ) or exclusively in the WD and ureter epithelium ( Alk6 ). (jci.org)

Transforming growth factor beta family proteins bind to these receptors. (wikipedia.org)
Receptors that can bind BMP are indicated in bold. (els.net)
Type II receptors phosphorylate and activate type I receptors which autophosphorylate, then bind and activate SMAD transcriptional regulators. (uniprot.org)
Type II receptors bind ligands in the absence of type I receptors, but they require their respective type I receptors for signaling, whereas type I receptors require their respective type II receptors for ligand binding. (creative-biogene.com)
On one hand most receptors can bind several different ligands, and on the other hand most ligands can interact with more than one receptor chain of each subtype. (biomedcentral.com)
As a result, the BMPR1A protein cannot bind to ligands in the TGF-β pathway. (medlineplus.gov)
Following secretion into the extracellular space, BMP dimers bind to BMP type II receptors, which then heterodimerize with type I receptors ( Figure 1A,B ). There are three type I receptors and three type II receptors ( Table 1 ) [ 4 ]. (portlandpress.com)
B ) BMP dimers bind to BMP type II receptors that subsequently heterodimerize and transphosphorylate BMP type I receptors. (portlandpress.com)
BMP ligands bind to a complex of the BMP receptor type II and a BMP receptor type I (Ia or Ib). (aacrjournals.org)

To compare these in vitro observations to the situation in vivo , binding studies on whole cells employing homodimeric as well as heterodimeric bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) mutants were performed. (biomedcentral.com)
For BMP2, further complexity is added by the fact that heterooligomeric signaling complexes containing only one type I receptor chain can also be found. (biomedcentral.com)
Although BMP2-, BMP7- and GDF2-family members interact with the type II receptors indicated which, in turn, interact with the type I receptors indicated, not all of the possible ligand-receptor combinations have been shown to occur. (nature.com)

There are four bone morphogenetic protein receptors: Bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type 1: ACVR1 BMPR1A BMPR1B Bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type 2 Both type 1 and 2 bone morphogenetic protein receptors have a single transmembrane segment. (wikipedia.org)
The three types of type I BMP receptors are ACVR1, BMPR1A and BMPR1B. (wikipedia.org)
Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor 1B (BMPR1B)- Cloud-Clone Corp. (cloud-clone.com)
In the chick embryo, it has been shown that BMPR1B is found in precartilaginous condensations.BMPR1B is the major transducer of signals in these condensations as demonstrated in experiments using constitutively active BMPR1B receptors. (cloud-clone.com)

Thus, the L51P substitution converts BMP-2 into a receptor-inactive inhibitor of noggin. (rcsb.org)
2013) Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of a novel and selective bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMP) inhibitor derived from the pyrazolo[1.5-a]pyrimidine scaffold of dorsomorphin: the discovery of ML347 as an ALK2 versus ALK3 selective MLPCN probe. (guidetopharmacology.org)
acquired LY2109761 pontent inhibitor higher white bloodstream cell counts and significantly raised serum protein levels of IL-6 and osteoprotegerin (OPG) plasma levels recapitulating in?vitro data. (bosutinib.info)
FOP-associated mutations in the BMP receptor ALK2 reduce binding of the inhibitor FKBP12 and promote leaky signaling in the absence of ligand. (ox.ac.uk)
Characterization of Inhibitor of differentiation (Id) proteins in human cornea. (semanticscholar.org)

On ligand binding, forms a receptor complex consisting of two type II and two type I transmembrane serine/threonine kinases. (uniprot.org)
Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor 2 (BMP R2) is a 70-80kD protein that belongs to serine/threonine kinases family. (sigmaaldrich.com)
BMP7 rapidly activates c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), known regulators of microtubule dynamics, and we show that JNKs associate with the carboxy terminus of the BMP receptor, BMPRII. (asm.org)
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor kinases are tightly regulated to control development and tissue homeostasis. (ox.ac.uk)
RT "Activin receptor-like kinases: a novel subclass of cell-surface RT receptors with predicted serine/threonine kinase activity. (genome.jp)

They transduce their signal via three different type I receptors, termed activin receptor-like kinase 2 (Alk2), Alk3, or bone morphogenetic protein receptor Ia (BMPRIa) and Alk6 or BMPRIb. (elsevier.com)
BMP influences AV node development through Alk3 receptor (Activin receptor-like kinase 3). (wikipedia.org)

These receptors are also closely related to the activin receptors, ACVR1 and ACVR2. (creative-biogene.com)

To establish structural mechanisms of receptor regulation and to address the effects of FOP mutation, we determined the crystal structure of the cytoplasmic domain of ALK2 in complex with the inhibitors FKBP12 and dorsomorphin. (ox.ac.uk)
Altogether, these findings support the validity of ongoing clinical development of drugs blocking ALK1 and ALK2 receptor activity. (frontiersin.org)
Little is known about the roles of BMP9 and its cell surface signaling receptors, ALK1 and ALK2, in prostate cancer and particularly in androgen independent and metastatic prostate cancer. (frontiersin.org)

To analyze its function, we attempted to block the BMP signaling pathway in Xenopus embryos by using a dominant-negative mutant of the BMP receptor. (pnas.org)
Truncated BMP receptor inhibits BMP signaling pathway in early Xenopus embryo. (xenbase.org)
The biological effects of endogenous bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP-4), a member of the transforming growth factor beta family, on embryonic development of Xenopus laevis were investigated by using a functionally defective mutant of the BMP-4 receptor (delta mTFR11), which blocks the BMP signaling pathway. (mysciencework.com)
This signaling pathway allows the environment outside the cell to affect how the cell produces other proteins. (medlineplus.gov)

Title: miR-3065-5p regulates mouse odontoblastic differentiation partially through bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II. (nih.gov)
Bone morphogenetic protein 4 promotes mammalian oogonial stem cell differentiation via Smad1/5/8 signaling. (harvard.edu)
After dnAlk3 overexpression, cell survival and astroglial differentiation increased in parallel to augmented Alk6 receptor signaling. (elsevier.com)
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Analysis of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor IB and Growth and Differentiation Factor 9 Genes in Rayini Goats (Capra hircus)', Journal of Livestock Science and Technologies , 1(2), pp. 45-50. (ac.ir)
Mehdizadeh Gazooei, Y., Niazi, A., Zamiri, M. Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Analysis of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor IB and Growth and Differentiation Factor 9 Genes in Rayini Goats (Capra hircus). (ac.ir)
The FecB , a mutation in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor IB ( BMPR-IB ) gene, which increases the fecundity of Booroola Merino sheep, and FecG H , a mutation in the Growth and Differentiation Factor 9 ( GDF9 ), which affects the fecundity of Cambridge and Belclare sheep in a dose sensitive manner, were analyzed as candidate genes associated with the prolificacy in Rayini goats. (ac.ir)
Previous research has suggested that recombinant BMP-2may induce bone formation and osteoblastic differentiation by regulating endochondral ossification ( 28 , 29 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
BMP receptor 1α activation limits the TGF-β-mediated differentiation of CD4 + T cells that produce the cytokine IL-17. (sciencemag.org)
Bone morphogenetic proteins and growth and differentiation factors in the human cornea. (semanticscholar.org)
growth- differentiation factor (GDF)-5), and BMP receptors (BMPR) types I (BMPR-IA, BMPR-IB) and II (BMPR-II) was investigated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in ex vivo and cultured cells. (semanticscholar.org)
Treatment with bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) not only blocks myogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells but also induces osteoblast differentiation. (asm.org)
BMP (Bone morphogenetic protein) cell signaling plays a key role in diverse aspects of cardiac differentiation and morphogenesis. (wikipedia.org)

5 Recent evidence suggests that BMP7 plays a role in a functional system in the eye, modulating and balancing the expression of ECM proteins (collagen IV, laminin, fibronectin) by meshwork cells of the trabecular system. (arvojournals.org)
For instance, BMP7 counteracts the increased expression of several extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in chronic renal fibrosis. (arvojournals.org)

family (bioactive domains only), receptor families (kinase domains only) and SMADs. (nature.com)
Smad signaling is intracellularly counteracted by I-Smads and Smurf proteins. (portlandpress.com)
Following ligand binding, the receptor-associated kinase is activated and phosphorylates Smads, which move into the nucleus to stimulate the transcription of a set of target genes. (asm.org)

mTGF-fBRII, mouse TGF-f type II receptor (29);daf4, C. elegans daf-4 gene product (30). (xenbase.org)
c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family with a well-documented role in the regulation of gene transcription, cell death, and survival ( 9 , 50 ). (asm.org)
Most BMPR1A gene mutations result in the production of an abnormally short, nonfunctional protein. (medlineplus.gov)
There are few studies concerning estrogen receptor β gene , and its mechanism of regulating the bone metabolism is stil unclear now. (bvsalud.org)
Although susceptibility in heritable PAH and idiopathic PAH is strongly associated with gene mutations leading to reduced expression of bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR) II, these mutations have not been observed in SSc-PAH. (cdc.gov)
To explore possible gene expression targets of BMP signaling, we measured the mRNA levels of the BDNF receptor TrkB and of P/Q-type Ca 2+ channel α-subunits, but did not detect expression changes of the corresponding genes in PV-INs of BMPR1a/1b (c)DKO mice. (nature.com)
RT "Germline mutations of the gene encoding bone morphogenetic protein RT receptor 1A in juvenile polyposis. (genome.jp)
These proteins were isolated based on the regulation of the IL-2 gene in T-lymphocytes. (stanford.edu)

Model for activation of BMP receptors: (a) BMP‐mediated heteromeric complex formation of BMPR‐I and BMPR‐II. (els.net)
In transfected COS-1 cells, osteogenic protein (OP)-1/BMP-7, and less efficiently BMP-4, bound to BMPR-II. (pnas.org)
Moreover, a transcriptional activation signal was transduced by BMPR-II in the presence of type I receptors after stimulation by OP-1/BMP-7. (pnas.org)
Mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type II receptor (BMPR-II) underlie heritable forms of the disease but the mechanisms leading to vascular disease remain obscure from studies in mice and humans. (bmj.com)

CDMP, cartilage‐derived morphogenetic protein. (els.net)
Although nearly all cells synthesize and respond to TGF-β, bone and cartilage are particularly rich in this growth factor ( 6 , 46 ). (asm.org)

In contrast to the large number of ligands only seven type I and five type II receptors have been identified in mammals, implicating a prominent promiscuity in ligand-receptor interaction. (biomedcentral.com)
Since a given ligand can usually interact with more than one receptor of either subtype, differences in binding affinities and specificities are likely important for the generation of distinct ligand-receptor complexes with different signaling properties. (biomedcentral.com)
As suggested from the dimeric nature of the ligands, binding to immobilized receptors shows avidity due to cooperative binding caused by bivalent ligand-receptor interactions. (biomedcentral.com)
Thus, the resulting receptor arrangement can principally consist of four different receptors, which is consistent with our interaction analysis showing low ligand-receptor specificity within one subtype class. (biomedcentral.com)
This indicates that despite prominent ligand receptor promiscuity a manifold of diverse signals might be generated in this receptor limited system. (biomedcentral.com)
Five type II receptors and seven type I receptors have been identified in mammals and the broad range of TGFβ ligands suggests a high degree of promiscuity in ligand-receptor interactions [ 1 , 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
F ) Receptor-mediated endocytosis of the BMP ligand/receptor complex. (portlandpress.com)

The dn receptors have a nonfunctional intracellular but functional extracellular domain. (elsevier.com)
In order to study the effect of BMP9 in vitro and in vivo on cancer cells and tumor growth, we used a soluble chimeric protein consisting of the ALK1 extracellular domain (ECD) fused to human Fc (ALK1Fc) that prevents binding of BMP9 to its cell surface receptors and thereby blocks its ability to activate downstream signaling. (frontiersin.org)
RT "Structure of the Alk1 extracellular domain and characterization of RT its bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) binding properties. (genome.jp)

Activin B Induces Noncanonical SMAD1/5/8 Signaling via BMP Type I Receptors in Hepatocytes: Evidence for a Role in Hepcidin Induction by Inflammation in Male Mice. (umassmed.edu)
Post-traumatic heterotopic ossification relies on bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-SMAD1/5 signaling. (ps-rc.org)
DRG expressed corresponding receptor subunits and exhibited Smad1 transcription factor nuclear translocation following BMP stimulation. (nih.gov)
Immunostaining indicated decreased expression of phospho-SMAD1 (pSMAD1), functionally downstream of the mutant BMPR1A receptor in the cystic epithelium, with further reduction in adenomatous portions within the polyp. (nih.gov)
Smad2 and Smad3 are activated by the TGF-β type I receptor and the activin type IB receptor, whereas Smad1, Smad5, and Smad8 are activated by BMP type I receptors and activin receptor-like kinase 1. (aacrjournals.org)

Thus, non-Smad signal transducers under the control of TGF-β provide quantitative regulation of the signalling pathway, and serve as nodes for crosstalk with other major signalling pathways, such as tyrosine kinase, G-protein-coupled or cytokine receptors. (biologists.org)

Genetic and molecular studies suggest that activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1), a transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) type I receptor, and endoglin, a TGF-β co-receptor, play an essential role in vascular development and pathological angiogenesis. (jpt.com)

The anti-hALK1 antibody interfered with bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9)-induced signaling in endothelial cells. (jpt.com)
Expression of the BMP9 receptor complex and TMEM100 was studied in human endothelial and epithelial cell cultures and the effect of BMP9 on inflammatory cytokine production and TMEM100 expression was studied in endothelial cell cultures. (frontiersin.org)

The recent development of BMP receptor inhibitors may also prove useful for some clinical diseases induced by hyperactivation of the BMP signalling pathways. (scialert.net)
A variety of methods were used to dissect the role of BMP signalling in vascular development including: (i) BMP receptor inhibitors (dorsomorphin and LDN193189), (ii) antisense morpholino oligonucleotides (morpholinos) and (iii) transgenic zebrafish engineered with heat shock inducible dominant-negative BMP receptors. (bmj.com)
This review examines the current status of hepcidin and ferroportin agonists and antagonists, as well as inducers and inhibitors of these proteins and their regulatory pathways. (mdpi.com)
Specific inhibitors for type 2 receptors are poorly represented. (biomedcentral.com)
This has led to the development of several pharmacologically-based strategies, including decoy receptors and small molecule inhibitors, for non-genetic based modulation of BMP pathway activity [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
TGF-β1 stimulates the synthesis of matrix proteins and their receptors (for example, fibronectin, fibronectin receptor, collagen, osteonectin, osteopontin, and integrins) and inhibits matrix degradation by increasing the production of protease inhibitors and decreasing the production of proteases ( 42 ). (asm.org)

Pools of overlapping peptides from antigenic proteins for T-cell stimulation, T-cell expansion in T-cell assays such as ELISPOT, ICS or Flow Cytometry, e.g. for immune monitoring. (jpt.com)

Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease caused by an inherited mutation in bone morphogenetic protein receptor II. (medscape.com)

Anti-Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor 2 (BMP R2) antibody can be used in western blotting (working concentration:- 0.1-0.2 μg/mL). (sigmaaldrich.com)
Anti-Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor 2 (BMP R2) antibody may be used in indirect ELISA at a working antibody concentration of 0.5-1.0 μg/ml. (sigmaaldrich.com)
The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor 1A (BMPR1A). (uscnk.com)
Standards or samples are then added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor 1A (BMPR1A). (uscnk.com)
After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor 1A (BMPR1A), biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. (uscnk.com)

Here, we have investigated consequences of constitutively active (ca) and dominant negative (dn) type I receptor overexpression in adult-derived hippocampal progenitor cells (AHPs). (elsevier.com)
Similarly, although ALK7 has been shown to activate SMAD2 (using a constitutively active ALK7 mutant), the ligand and corresponding type II receptor for ALK7 remain unknown. (nature.com)

Specifically, the BMPR1A protein attaches (binds) to ligands in the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) pathway. (medlineplus.gov)

The deduced protein contains an atypical N-terminal signal sequence, a small hydrophilic cysteine-rich ligand-binding domain, a transmembrane region, and an intracellular kinase domain. (cloud-clone.com)
Given its importance in development and homeostasis, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is tightly regulated at the extra- and intracellular level. (portlandpress.com)

When the mutant receptor lacking the putative serine/threonine kinase domain was expressed in ventral blastomeres of Xenopus embryos, these blastomeres were respecified to dorsal mesoderm, eventually resulting in the formation of a secondary body axis. (pnas.org)
A truncated bone morphogenetic protein 4 receptor alters the fate of ventral mesoderm to dorsal mesoderm: roles of animal pole tissue in the development of ventral mesoderm. (mysciencework.com)

A phylogenetic analysis of mammalian type I and type II receptors that is based on the amino acid sequence similarities between the kinase domains. (els.net)
Mutant receptor kinase domains escape regulation leading to severely degenerative diseases and represent an important therapeutic target. (ox.ac.uk)

1994), A truncated bone morphogenetic protein receptor. (xenbase.org)

Differential binding of BMP family members to receptors and extracellular antagonists, their ability to activate certain Smad‐independent signalling pathways, differences in signalling amplitude and duration of both Smad‐dependent and Smad‐independent pathways, and how these interact, define the final outcome of BMP‐induced cellular responses. (els.net)
Mutations in the Wnt and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathways are the cause of inherited polyposis syndromes as well as the initiating event in the development of sporadic gastrointestinal cancer development ( 2 , 3 ). (aacrjournals.org)

Binding of a ligand to a single high affinity receptor chain functioning as anchoring molecule and providing sufficient complex stability allows the subsequent formation of signaling competent complexes. (biomedcentral.com)
Search proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule. (uniprot.org)
Repulsive guidance molecule (RGMa), a DRAGON homologue, is a bone morphogenetic protein co-receptor. (harvard.edu)
DRAGON: a member of the repulsive guidance molecule-related family of neuronal- and muscle-expressed membrane proteins is regulated by DRG11 and has neuronal adhesive properties. (harvard.edu)

Low-density-lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP-5) and 6, BMP-2, -4, and -7, bone morphogenetic protein receptor-IA and IB (BMPR-IA and BMPR-IA), lymphoid enhancer factor-1 (LEF-1), and transcription factor 4 ( TCF-4) expression levels were investigated in normal and osteoarthritic chondrocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
We found that numerous genes classified in the biomineral formation process, including bone gamma-carboxyglutamate (gla) protein/osteocalcin, runt-related transcription factor 2, ankylosis progressive homolog, and parathyroid hormone-like hormone, were differentially expressed in the OA and RA FLSs. (hindawi.com)
They are widely distributed and are now recognized to regulate transcription, mRNA splicing, nuclear export, and protein translation. (stanford.edu)

The activated SMAD protein complex is then transported into the cell's nucleus, where it regulates cell growth and division (proliferation) and the activity of particular genes. (medlineplus.gov)
Bone morphogenetic protein signaling by hemojuvelin regulates hepcidin expression. (harvard.edu)

As bone morphogenetic proteins promote pulmonary angiogenesis by recruiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, we proposed that β-catenin activation could reduce loss and induce regeneration of small pulmonary arteries (PAs) and attenuate PH. (ahajournals.org)

Binding specificities and affinities between ligands and receptors have been analyzed on a semiquantitative basis by crosslinking radioactively labeled ligands with receptors that were overexpressed in cells. (biomedcentral.com)
In transfected COS cells, the binding of osteogenic protein (OP)-I and BMP-4 to certain ALKs was observed in the absence of type II receptors, and their binding was increased after co-transfection of a BMP type II receptor from Caenorhabditis elegans, DAF-4. (elsevier.com)
Mesenchymal cells expressing bone morphogenetic protein receptors are present in the rheumatoid arthritis joint. (ox.ac.uk)
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the presence of cells of an early mesenchymal lineage, as judged by the expression of bone morphogenetic protein receptors (BMPRs), in the joints of normal individuals and patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). (ox.ac.uk)
Their origin is still speculative, but since their counterparts in the bone marrow are essential for osteoclastogenesis, support lymphocyte development and maturation, and protect T cells and B cells from programmed cell death, the BMPR-positive cells may be essential elements in the pathogenesis of RA and other inflammatory forms of chronic synovitis. (ox.ac.uk)
About half of the mutations involved in this condition disrupt the assembly of bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2, reducing the amount of this protein in cells. (nih.gov)
Osteonecrosis of the femoral head is an orthopedic disease caused by femoral head damage or insufficient blood supply, which leads to the death of bone cells and bone marrow. (spandidos-publications.com)
Bone morphogenetic proteins and secreted frizzled related protein 2 maintain the quiescence of adult mammalian retinal stem cells. (semanticscholar.org)
Less well understood, but of growing interest, is the interaction between cells in the bone marrow during the initiation, maintenance and treatment of hematologic neoplasms. (haematologica.org)
Finally, it provides the rationale for a "two-pronged" approach, directly targeting cancer cells themselves while also targeting the bone microenvironment to make it inhospitable to malignant cells and, ultimately, eradicating cancer stem-like cells. (haematologica.org)
Given that leukemia does not propagate just anywhere in the body and is difficult to grow ex vivo , it was thought that leukemia cells depend on the bone marrow microenvironment (BMM). (haematologica.org)
Yeast beta-glucan amplifies phagocyte killing of iC3b-opsonized tumor cells via complement receptor 3-Sykphosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway. (prezi.com)
We identified Runx2/PEBP2αA/Cbfa1, a global regulator of osteogenesis, as a major TGF-β1-responsive element binding protein induced by TGF-β1 and BMP-2 in C2C12 cells. (asm.org)
historically defining a population of bone marrow-derived cells that present as adherent, fibroblast-like cells following their isolation. (biologists.org)

Binding epitopes for these extracellular signaling proteins have been defined, but hot spots specifying binding affinity and specificity have so far not been identified. (rcsb.org)
A subtype of bone morphogenetic protein receptors with high affinity for BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEINS. (umassmed.edu)
Interestingly, low and high affinity binding sites were identified, as defined by the presence of either one or two BMP receptor (BMPR)-IA receptor chains, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
DOTA is linked to molecules that have affinity for various structures (e.g. somatostatin receptors in neuroendocrine tumors). (jpt.com)

Anatomy9

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs49

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment2

Phenomena and Processes11

Convergence of transforming growth factor-beta and vitamin D signaling pathways on SMAD transcriptional coactivators. (1/237)

A Meis family protein caudalizes neural cell fates in Xenopus. (2/237)

Synergistic signaling in fetal brain by STAT3-Smad1 complex bridged by p300. (3/237)

A functional bone morphogenetic protein system in the ovary. (4/237)

Characterization of osteoblastic differentiation of stromal cell line ST2 that is induced by ascorbic acid. (5/237)

A role for the homeobox gene Xvex-1 as part of the BMP-4 ventral signaling pathway. (6/237)

Self-organization of periodic patterns by dissociated feather mesenchymal cells and the regulation of size, number and spacing of primordia. (7/237)

Involvement of the small GTPases XRhoA and XRnd1 in cell adhesion and head formation in early Xenopus development. (8/237)

Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type II

Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type I

Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2

Smad1 Protein

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4

Hypertension, Pulmonary

Receptors, Growth Factor

Smad Proteins, Receptor-Regulated

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7

Smad Proteins

Activin Receptors, Type II

Activin Receptors, Type I

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 6

Pulmonary Artery

Signal Transduction

Transforming Growth Factor beta

Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases

Monocrotaline

Bone and Bones

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 5

Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 3

Cell Differentiation

Receptors, Cell Surface

Mutation

Smad5 Protein

Cells, Cultured

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15

SNARE Proteins

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 1

Pedigree

Bone Remodeling

Smad6 Protein

Lung

Smad8 Protein

Osteogenesis

Qa-SNARE Proteins

Growth Differentiation Factor 2

Osteoblasts

Bone Regeneration

Bone Density

Growth Differentiation Factors

R-SNARE Proteins

Growth Differentiation Factor 5

Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental

Bone Development

Vesicular Transport Proteins

Growth Differentiation Factor 9

Bone Matrix

Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein 2

Bone Resorption

Carrier Proteins

Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25

Growth Differentiation Factor 6

Activins

Syntaxin 1

Qb-SNARE Proteins

Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins

Smad4 Protein

Bone Neoplasms

Bone Marrow

Bone Diseases

Bone Marrow Cells

In Situ Hybridization

Follistatin

Body Patterning

Mesoderm

Proteins

Munc18 Proteins

Activin Receptors

Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 1

Qc-SNARE Proteins

Convergence of transforming growth factor-beta and vitamin D signaling pathways on SMAD transcriptional coactivators. (1/237)

A Meis family protein caudalizes neural cell fates in Xenopus. (2/237)

Synergistic signaling in fetal brain by STAT3-Smad1 complex bridged by p300. (3/237)

A functional bone morphogenetic protein system in the ovary. (4/237)

Characterization of osteoblastic differentiation of stromal cell line ST2 that is induced by ascorbic acid. (5/237)

A role for the homeobox gene Xvex-1 as part of the BMP-4 ventral signaling pathway. (6/237)

$Gentaur Molecular :Kamiya \ Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 Clone 3H2 \ MC-124$ Gentaur Molecular :Kamiya \ Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 Clone 3H2 \ MC-124

CiNii Articles - 辻祐治