Bone morphogenetic protein 1. Medical search

Bone-growth regulatory factors that are members of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily of proteins. They are synthesized as large precursor molecules which are cleaved by proteolytic enzymes. The active form can consist of a dimer of two identical proteins or a heterodimer of two related bone morphogenetic proteins.

A potent osteoinductive protein that plays a critical role in the differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells into OSTEOBLASTS.

A bone morphogenetic protein that is a potent inducer of bone formation. It also functions as a regulator of MESODERM formation during EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT.

A bone morphogenetic protein that is widely expressed during EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. It is both a potent osteogenic factor and a specific regulator of nephrogenesis.

A subtype of bone morphogenetic protein receptors with high affinity for BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEINS. They can interact with and undergo PHOSPHORYLATION by BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN RECEPTORS, TYPE II. They signal primarily through RECEPTOR-REGULATED SMAD PROTEINS.

A family of CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS that bind BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEINS. They are PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES that mediate SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS through SMAD PROTEINS.

A bone morphogenetic protein that is a potent inducer of BONE formation. It plays additional roles in regulating CELL DIFFERENTIATION of non-osteoblastic cell types and epithelial-mesenchymal interactions.

A subtype of bone morphogenetic protein receptors with low affinity for BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEINS. They are constitutively active PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES that can interact with and phosphorylate TYPE I BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN RECEPTORS.

A specialized CONNECTIVE TISSUE that is the main constituent of the SKELETON. The principle cellular component of bone is comprised of OSTEOBLASTS; OSTEOCYTES; and OSTEOCLASTS, while FIBRILLAR COLLAGENS and hydroxyapatite crystals form the BONE MATRIX.

A bone morphogenetic protein that may play a role in CARTILAGE formation. It is a potent regulator of the growth of CHONDROCYTES and the synthesis of cartilage matrix proteins. Evidence for its role in cartilage formation can be seen in MICE, where genetic mutations that cause loss of bone morphogenetic protein 5 function result in the formation of small malformed ears.

A receptor-regulated smad protein that undergoes PHOSPHORYLATION by BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN RECEPTORS. It regulates BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN signaling and plays an essential role in EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT.

A family of proteins that are involved in the translocation of signals from TGF-BETA RECEPTORS; BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN RECEPTORS; and other surface receptors to the CELL NUCLEUS. They were originally identified as a class of proteins that are related to the mothers against decapentaplegic protein, Drosophila and sma proteins from CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS.

A bone morphogenetic protein that is found at high concentrations in a purified osteoinductive protein fraction from BONE. Bone morphogenetic protein 3 is referred to as osteogenin, however it may play a role in variety of developmental processes.

A receptor-regulated smad protein that undergoes PHOSPHORYLATION by BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN RECEPTORS. It regulates BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN signaling and is essential for PHYSIOLOGICAL ANGIOGENESIS.

A protein that plays a role in GRANULOSA CELLS where it regulates folliculogenesis. Mutations in the gene for bone morphogenetic protein 15 are linked to reproductive abnormalities such as PREMATURE OVARIAN FAILURE.

A bone morphogenetic protein family member that includes an active tolloid-like metalloproteinase domain. The metalloproteinase activity of bone morphogenetic protein 1 is specific for the removal of the C-propeptide of PROCOLLAGEN and may act as a regulator of EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX deposition. Alternative splicing of MRNA for bone morphogenetic protein 1 results in the production of several PROTEIN ISOFORMS.

A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.

The continuous turnover of BONE MATRIX and mineral that involves first an increase in BONE RESORPTION (osteoclastic activity) and later, reactive BONE FORMATION (osteoblastic activity). The process of bone remodeling takes place in the adult skeleton at discrete foci. The process ensures the mechanical integrity of the skeleton throughout life and plays an important role in calcium HOMEOSTASIS. An imbalance in the regulation of bone remodeling's two contrasting events, bone resorption and bone formation, results in many of the metabolic bone diseases, such as OSTEOPOROSIS.

An inhibitory Smad protein that negatively regulates the SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS from BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN RECEPTORS. Smad6 inhibits PHOSPHORYLATION of SMAD2 PROTEIN and SMAD3 PROTEIN.

A receptor-regulated smad protein that undergoes PHOSPHORYLATION by BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN RECEPTORS and regulates BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN signaling.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

The process of bone formation. Histogenesis of bone including ossification.

A growth differentiation factor that plays a regulatory role as a paracrine factor for a diverse array of cell types during EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT and in the adult tissues. Growth differentiation factor 2 is also a potent regulator of CHONDROGENESIS and was previously referred to as bone morphogenetic protein 9.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

Bone-forming cells which secrete an EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX. HYDROXYAPATITE crystals are then deposited into the matrix to form bone.

Renewal or repair of lost bone tissue. It excludes BONY CALLUS formed after BONE FRACTURES but not yet replaced by hard bone.

The amount of mineral per square centimeter of BONE. This is the definition used in clinical practice. Actual bone density would be expressed in grams per milliliter. It is most frequently measured by X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY or TOMOGRAPHY, X RAY COMPUTED. Bone density is an important predictor for OSTEOPOROSIS.

Cell surface receptors that bind growth or trophic factors with high affinity, triggering intracellular responses which influence the growth, differentiation, or survival of cells.

A family of BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN-related proteins that are primarily involved in regulation of CELL DIFFERENTIATION.

A growth differentiation factor that plays a role in early CHONDROGENESIS and joint formation.

The growth and development of bones from fetus to adult. It includes two principal mechanisms of bone growth: growth in length of long bones at the epiphyseal cartilages and growth in thickness by depositing new bone (OSTEOGENESIS) with the actions of OSTEOBLASTS and OSTEOCLASTS.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.

A bone morphogenetic protein that plays an essential role in the regulation of ovarian folliculogenesis.

Extracellular substance of bone tissue consisting of COLLAGEN fibers, ground substance, and inorganic crystalline minerals and salts.

Bone loss due to osteoclastic activity.

One of the two types of ACTIVIN RECEPTORS or activin receptor-like kinases (ALK'S). There are several type I activin receptors. The major active ones are ALK-2 (ActR-IA) and ALK-4 (ActR-IB).

A growth differentiation factor that plays a role in the neural differentiation, specifically in the retinal development of the EYE.

Activins are produced in the pituitary, gonads, and other tissues. By acting locally, they stimulate pituitary FSH secretion and have diverse effects on cell differentiation and embryonic development. Activins are glycoproteins that are hetero- or homodimers of INHIBIN-BETA SUBUNITS.

Regulatory proteins and peptides that are signaling molecules involved in the process of PARACRINE COMMUNICATION. They are generally considered factors that are expressed by one cell and are responded to by receptors on another nearby cell. They are distinguished from HORMONES in that their actions are local rather than distal.

A signal transducing adaptor protein and tumor suppressor protein. It forms a complex with activated RECEPTOR-REGULATED SMAD PROTEINS. The complex then translocates to the CELL NUCLEUS and regulates GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of target GENES.

Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.

One of the two types of ACTIVIN RECEPTORS. They are membrane protein kinases belonging to the family of PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES. The major type II activin receptors are ActR-IIA and ActR-IIB.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

The soft tissue filling the cavities of bones. Bone marrow exists in two types, yellow and red. Yellow marrow is found in the large cavities of large bones and consists mostly of fat cells and a few primitive blood cells. Red marrow is a hematopoietic tissue and is the site of production of erythrocytes and granular leukocytes. Bone marrow is made up of a framework of connective tissue containing branching fibers with the frame being filled with marrow cells.

Diseases of BONES.

Cells contained in the bone marrow including fat cells (see ADIPOCYTES); STROMAL CELLS; MEGAKARYOCYTES; and the immediate precursors of most blood cells.

A broadly distributed protein that binds directly to ACTIVINS. It functions as an activin antagonist, inhibits FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE secretion, regulates CELL DIFFERENTIATION, and plays an important role in embryogenesis. Follistatin is a single glycosylated polypeptide chain of approximately 37-kDa and is not a member of the inhibin family (INHIBINS). Follistatin also binds and neutralizes many members of the TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA family.

The processes occurring in early development that direct morphogenesis. They specify the body plan ensuring that cells will proceed to differentiate, grow, and diversify in size and shape at the correct relative positions. Included are axial patterning, segmentation, compartment specification, limb position, organ boundary patterning, blood vessel patterning, etc.

The middle germ layer of an embryo derived from three paired mesenchymal aggregates along the neural tube.

Receptors for ACTIVINS are membrane protein kinases belonging to the family of PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES, thus also named activin receptor-like kinases (ALK's). Activin receptors also bind TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA. As those transmembrane receptors of the TGF-beta superfamily (RECEPTORS, TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA), ALK's consist of two different but related protein kinases, Type I and Type II. Activins initiate cellular signal transduction by first binding to the type II receptors (ACTIVIN RECEPTORS, TYPE II ) which then recruit and phosphorylate the type I receptors (ACTIVIN RECEPTORS, TYPE I ) with subsequent activation of the type I kinase activity.

A negative regulator of BASIC HELIX-LOOP-HELIX TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS that blocks activation of CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE INHIBITOR P16 and is de-regulated in a variety of NEOPLASMS.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

A family of smad proteins that undergo PHOSPHORYLATION by CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS in response to TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA; ACTIVIN; or BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN signaling.

A technique that localizes specific nucleic acid sequences within intact chromosomes, eukaryotic cells, or bacterial cells through the use of specific nucleic acid-labeled probes.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.1.

A family of metalloproteases that are related to the DROSOPHILA protein tolloid, which is a gene product necessary for dorsal-ventral patterning in early Drosophila embryogenesis. Many members of the group may play a significant role in intercellular signaling.

Diffusible gene products that act on homologous or heterologous molecules of viral or cellular DNA to regulate the expression of proteins.

The grafting of bone from a donor site to a recipient site.

A homeodomain protein that interacts with TATA-BOX BINDING PROTEIN. It represses GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of target GENES and plays a critical role in ODONTOGENESIS.

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

Proteins obtained from various species of Xenopus. Included here are proteins from the African clawed frog (XENOPUS LAEVIS). Many of these proteins have been the subject of scientific investigations in the area of MORPHOGENESIS and development.

The development of bony substance in normally soft structures.

A transcription factor that dimerizes with CORE BINDING FACTOR BETA SUBUNIT to form core binding factor. It contains a highly conserved DNA-binding domain known as the runt domain and is involved in genetic regulation of skeletal development and CELL DIFFERENTIATION.

The formation of cartilage. This process is directed by CHONDROCYTES which continually divide and lay down matrix during development. It is sometimes a precursor to OSTEOGENESIS.

Relatively undifferentiated cells that retain the ability to divide and proliferate throughout postnatal life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Process by which organic tissue becomes hardened by the physiologic deposit of calcium salts.

Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

A disease characterized by bony deposits or the ossification of muscle tissue.

An inhibitory smad protein that associates with TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA RECEPTORS and BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN RECEPTORS. It negatively regulates SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS by inhibiting PHOSPHORYLATION of RECEPTOR-REGULATED SMAD PROTEINS.

A family of intercellular signaling proteins that play and important role in regulating the development of many TISSUES and organs. Their name derives from the observation of a hedgehog-like appearance in DROSOPHILA embryos with genetic mutations that block their action.

Synthetic or natural materials for the replacement of bones or bone tissue. They include hard tissue replacement polymers, natural coral, hydroxyapatite, beta-tricalcium phosphate, and various other biomaterials. The bone substitutes as inert materials can be incorporated into surrounding tissue or gradually replaced by original tissue.

Wnt proteins are a large family of secreted glycoproteins that play essential roles in EMBRYONIC AND FETAL DEVELOPMENT, and tissue maintenance. They bind to FRIZZLED RECEPTORS and act as PARACRINE PROTEIN FACTORS to initiate a variety of SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS. The canonical Wnt signaling pathway stabilizes the transcriptional coactivator BETA CATENIN.

Forms of hepcidin, a cationic amphipathic peptide synthesized in the liver as a prepropeptide which is first processed into prohepcidin and then into the biologically active hepcidin forms, including in human the 20-, 22-, and 25-amino acid residue peptide forms. Hepcidin acts as a homeostatic regulators of iron metabolism and also possesses antimicrobial activity.

Polymorphic cells that form cartilage.

Proteins encoded by homeobox genes (GENES, HOMEOBOX) that exhibit structural similarity to certain prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA-binding proteins. Homeodomain proteins are involved in the control of gene expression during morphogenesis and development (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, DEVELOPMENTAL).

Vitamin K-dependent calcium-binding protein synthesized by OSTEOBLASTS and found primarily in BONES. Serum osteocalcin measurements provide a noninvasive specific marker of bone metabolism. The protein contains three residues of the amino acid gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla), which, in the presence of CALCIUM, promotes binding to HYDROXYAPATITE and subsequent accumulation in BONE MATRIX.

The developmental entity of a fertilized chicken egg (ZYGOTE). The developmental process begins about 24 h before the egg is laid at the BLASTODISC, a small whitish spot on the surface of the EGG YOLK. After 21 days of incubation, the embryo is fully developed before hatching.

All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

The outer of the three germ layers of an embryo.

The development of anatomical structures to create the form of a single- or multi-cell organism. Morphogenesis provides form changes of a part, parts, or the whole organism.

A non-vascular form of connective tissue composed of CHONDROCYTES embedded in a matrix that includes CHONDROITIN SULFATE and various types of FIBRILLAR COLLAGEN. There are three major types: HYALINE CARTILAGE; FIBROCARTILAGE; and ELASTIC CARTILAGE.

The developmental history of specific differentiated cell types as traced back to the original STEM CELLS in the embryo.

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

The SKELETON of the HEAD including the FACIAL BONES and the bones enclosing the BRAIN.

The developmental entity of a fertilized egg (ZYGOTE) in animal species other than MAMMALS. For chickens, use CHICK EMBRYO.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.

A Wnt protein subtype that plays a role in cell-cell signaling during EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT and the morphogenesis of the developing NEURAL TUBE.

Proteins obtained from the ZEBRAFISH. Many of the proteins in this species have been the subject of studies involving basic embryological development (EMBRYOLOGY).

Bone-marrow-derived, non-hematopoietic cells that support HEMATOPOETIC STEM CELLS. They have also been isolated from other organs and tissues such as UMBILICAL CORD BLOOD, umbilical vein subendothelium, and WHARTON JELLY. These cells are considered to be a source of multipotent stem cells because they include subpopulations of mesenchymal stem cells.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

Cell-surface proteins that bind transforming growth factor beta and trigger changes influencing the behavior of cells. Two types of transforming growth factor receptors have been recognized. They differ in affinity for different members of the transforming growth factor beta family and in cellular mechanisms of action.

Breaks in bones.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

The entity of a developing mammal (MAMMALS), generally from the cleavage of a ZYGOTE to the end of embryonic differentiation of basic structures. For the human embryo, this represents the first two months of intrauterine development preceding the stages of the FETUS.

A Wnt protein subtype that plays a role in cell-cell signaling during EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT and the morphogenesis of the developing NEURAL TUBE. Defects in Wnt3 protein are associated with autosomal recessive tetra-AMELIA in humans.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

An exotic species of the family CYPRINIDAE, originally from Asia, that has been introduced in North America. They are used in embryological studies and to study the effects of certain chemicals on development.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

The transference of BONE MARROW from one human or animal to another for a variety of purposes including HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION or MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

A receptor-regulated smad protein that undergoes PHOSPHORYLATION by ACTIVIN RECEPTORS, TYPE I. It regulates TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA and ACTIVIN signaling.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

A group of enzymes that catalyzes the phosphorylation of serine or threonine residues in proteins, with ATP or other nucleotides as phosphate donors.

A family of small polypeptide growth factors that share several common features including a strong affinity for HEPARIN, and a central barrel-shaped core region of 140 amino acids that is highly homologous between family members. Although originally studied as proteins that stimulate the growth of fibroblasts this distinction is no longer a requirement for membership in the fibroblast growth factor family.

The physiological restoration of bone tissue and function after a fracture. It includes BONY CALLUS formation and normal replacement of bone tissue.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Thin outer membrane that surrounds a bone. It contains CONNECTIVE TISSUE, CAPILLARIES, nerves, and a number of cell types.

The two longitudinal ridges along the PRIMITIVE STREAK appearing near the end of GASTRULATION during development of nervous system (NEURULATION). The ridges are formed by folding of NEURAL PLATE. Between the ridges is a neural groove which deepens as the fold become elevated. When the folds meet at midline, the groove becomes a closed tube, the NEURAL TUBE.

The founding member of the nodal signaling ligand family of proteins. Nodal protein was originally discovered in the region of the mouse embryo primitive streak referred to as HENSEN'S NODE. It is expressed asymmetrically on the left side in chordates and plays a critical role in the genesis of left-right asymmetry during vertebrate development.

X-RAY COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY with resolution in the micrometer range.

The short wide vessel arising from the conus arteriosus of the right ventricle and conveying unaerated blood to the lungs.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

Signal molecules that are involved in the control of cell growth and differentiation.

Cells derived from the BLASTOCYST INNER CELL MASS which forms before implantation in the uterine wall. They retain the ability to divide, proliferate and provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

The developmental stage that follows BLASTULA or BLASTOCYST. It is characterized by the morphogenetic cell movements including invagination, ingression, and involution. Gastrulation begins with the formation of the PRIMITIVE STREAK, and ends with the formation of three GERM LAYERS, the body plan of the mature organism.

The longest and largest bone of the skeleton, it is situated between the hip and the knee.

The complex processes of initiating CELL DIFFERENTIATION in the embryo. The precise regulation by cell interactions leads to diversity of cell types and specific pattern of organization (EMBRYOGENESIS).

An aquatic genus of the family, Pipidae, occurring in Africa and distinguished by having black horny claws on three inner hind toes.

Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Congenital structural deformities of the upper and lower extremities collectively or unspecified.

Glycoproteins that inhibit pituitary FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE secretion. Inhibins are secreted by the Sertoli cells of the testes, the granulosa cells of the ovarian follicles, the placenta, and other tissues. Inhibins and ACTIVINS are modulators of FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE secretions; both groups belong to the TGF-beta superfamily, as the TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA. Inhibins consist of a disulfide-linked heterodimer with a unique alpha linked to either a beta A or a beta B subunit to form inhibin A or inhibin B, respectively

Supporting cells for the developing female gamete in the OVARY. They are derived from the coelomic epithelial cells of the gonadal ridge. Granulosa cells form a single layer around the OOCYTE in the primordial ovarian follicle and advance to form a multilayered cumulus oophorus surrounding the OVUM in the Graafian follicle. The major functions of granulosa cells include the production of steroids and LH receptors (RECEPTORS, LH).

Small cationic peptides that are an important component, in most species, of early innate and induced defenses against invading microbes. In animals they are found on mucosal surfaces, within phagocytic granules, and on the surface of the body. They are also found in insects and plants. Among others, this group includes the DEFENSINS, protegrins, tachyplesins, and thionins. They displace DIVALENT CATIONS from phosphate groups of MEMBRANE LIPIDS leading to disruption of the membrane.

Cell surface proteins that bind signalling molecules external to the cell with high affinity and convert this extracellular event into one or more intracellular signals that alter the behavior of the target cell (From Alberts, Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2nd ed, pp693-5). Cell surface receptors, unlike enzymes, do not chemically alter their ligands.

Formation of differentiated cells and complicated tissue organization to provide specialized functions.

A large multinuclear cell associated with the BONE RESORPTION. An odontoclast, also called cementoclast, is cytomorphologically the same as an osteoclast and is involved in CEMENTUM resorption.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

Macromolecular organic compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and usually, sulfur. These macromolecules (proteins) form an intricate meshwork in which cells are embedded to construct tissues. Variations in the relative types of macromolecules and their organization determine the type of extracellular matrix, each adapted to the functional requirements of the tissue. The two main classes of macromolecules that form the extracellular matrix are: glycosaminoglycans, usually linked to proteins (proteoglycans), and fibrous proteins (e.g., COLLAGEN; ELASTIN; FIBRONECTINS; and LAMININ).

The farthest or outermost projections of the body, such as the HAND and FOOT.

They are glycopeptides and subunits in INHIBINS and ACTIVINS. Inhibins and activins belong to the transforming growth factor beta superfamily.

A subtype of transforming growth factor beta that is synthesized by a wide variety of cells. It is synthesized as a precursor molecule that is cleaved to form mature TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta1 latency-associated peptide. The association of the cleavage products results in the formation a latent protein which must be activated to bind its receptor. Defects in the gene that encodes TGF-beta1 are the cause of CAMURATI-ENGELMANN SYNDROME.

The inner of the three germ layers of an embryo.

A positive regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.

Genes whose expression is easily detectable and therefore used to study promoter activity at many positions in a target genome. In recombinant DNA technology, these genes may be attached to a promoter region of interest.

The second longest bone of the skeleton. It is located on the medial side of the lower leg, articulating with the FIBULA laterally, the TALUS distally, and the FEMUR proximally.

The inner and longer bone of the FOREARM.

Removal of mineral constituents or salts from bone or bone tissue. Demineralization is used as a method of studying bone strength and bone chemistry.

Cellular signaling in which a factor secreted by a cell affects other cells in the local environment. This term is often used to denote the action of INTERCELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS on surrounding cells.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

Congenital anomaly of abnormally short fingers or toes.

Inhibitor of differentiation proteins are negative regulators of BASIC HELIX-LOOP-HELIX TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS. They inhibit CELL DIFFERENTIATION and induce CELL PROLIFERATION by modulating different CELL CYCLE regulators.

Proteins that originate from insect species belonging to the genus DROSOPHILA. The proteins from the most intensely studied species of Drosophila, DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER, are the subject of much interest in the area of MORPHOGENESIS and development.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

Generating tissue in vitro for clinical applications, such as replacing wounded tissues or impaired organs. The use of TISSUE SCAFFOLDING enables the generation of complex multi-layered tissues and tissue structures.

A tube-like invagination of the EPIDERMIS from which the hair shaft develops and into which SEBACEOUS GLANDS open. The hair follicle is lined by a cellular inner and outer root sheath of epidermal origin and is invested with a fibrous sheath derived from the dermis. (Stedman, 26th ed) Follicles of very long hairs extend into the subcutaneous layer of tissue under the SKIN.

A growth differentiation factor that is closely-related in structure to BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN 3. Growth differentiation factor 10 is found at high levels in BONE, however it plays an additional roles in regulating EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT.

A multi-functional catenin that participates in CELL ADHESION and nuclear signaling. Beta catenin binds CADHERINS and helps link their cytoplasmic tails to the ACTIN in the CYTOSKELETON via ALPHA CATENIN. It also serves as a transcriptional co-activator and downstream component of WNT PROTEIN-mediated SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS.

A negative regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

Morphological and physiological development of EMBRYOS.

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.

Breaks in CARTILAGE.

Mature osteoblasts that have become embedded in the BONE MATRIX. They occupy a small cavity, called lacuna, in the matrix and are connected to adjacent osteocytes via protoplasmic projections called canaliculi.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

CELL LINES derived from the CV-1 cell line by transformation with a replication origin defective mutant of SV40 VIRUS, which codes for wild type large T antigen (ANTIGENS, POLYOMAVIRUS TRANSFORMING). They are used for transfection and cloning. (The CV-1 cell line was derived from the kidney of an adult male African green monkey (CERCOPITHECUS AETHIOPS).)

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

A protective layer of firm, flexible cartilage over the articulating ends of bones. It provides a smooth surface for joint movement, protecting the ends of long bones from wear at points of contact.

A SOXE transcription factor that plays a critical role in regulating CHONDROGENESIS; OSTEOGENESIS; and male sex determination. Loss of function of the SOX9 transcription factor due to genetic mutations is a cause of CAMPOMELIC DYSPLASIA.

The reproductive organ (GONADS) in female animals. In vertebrates, the ovary contains two functional parts: the OVARIAN FOLLICLE for the production of female germ cells (OOGENESIS); and the endocrine cells (GRANULOSA CELLS; THECA CELLS; and LUTEAL CELLS) for the production of ESTROGENS and PROGESTERONE.

The most common form of fibrillar collagen. It is a major constituent of bone (BONE AND BONES) and SKIN and consists of a heterotrimer of two alpha1(I) and one alpha2(I) chains.

The process of TOOTH formation. It is divided into several stages including: the dental lamina stage, the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage. Odontogenesis includes the production of tooth enamel (AMELOGENESIS), dentin (DENTINOGENESIS), and dental cementum (CEMENTOGENESIS).

Non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cells found lining the digestive tract, uterus, and blood vessels. They are derived from specialized myoblasts (MYOBLASTS, SMOOTH MUSCLE).

Broadly distributed glycoproteins that are homologous to the activin-binding protein, FOLLISTATIN. These follistatin-related proteins are encoded by a number of genes.

DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.

One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.

Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.

Connective tissue cells of an organ found in the loose connective tissue. These are most often associated with the uterine mucosa and the ovary as well as the hematopoietic system and elsewhere.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

A fibroblast growth factor that preferentially activates FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR 4. It was initially identified as an androgen-induced growth factor and plays a role in regulating growth of human BREAST NEOPLASMS and PROSTATIC NEOPLASMS.

Culture media containing biologically active components obtained from previously cultured cells or tissues that have released into the media substances affecting certain cell functions (e.g., growth, lysis).

A union between adjacent bones or parts of a single bone formed by osseous material, such as ossified connecting cartilage or fibrous tissue. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues.

A TGF-beta subtype that plays role in regulating epithelial-mesenchymal interaction during embryonic development. It is synthesized as a precursor molecule that is cleaved to form mature TGF-beta3 and TGF-beta3 latency-associated peptide. The association of the cleavage products results in the formation a latent protein which must be activated to bind its receptor.

A gene silencing phenomenon whereby specific dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) trigger the degradation of homologous mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER). The specific dsRNAs are processed into SMALL INTERFERING RNA (siRNA) which serves as a guide for cleavage of the homologous mRNA in the RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEX. DNA METHYLATION may also be triggered during this process.

The determination of the pattern of genes expressed at the level of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.

The growth action of bone tissue as it assimilates surgically implanted devices or prostheses to be used as either replacement parts (e.g., hip) or as anchors (e.g., endosseous dental implants).

A TGF-beta subtype that was originally identified as a GLIOBLASTOMA-derived factor which inhibits the antigen-dependent growth of both helper and CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTES. It is synthesized as a precursor molecule that is cleaved to form mature TGF-beta2 and TGF-beta2 latency-associated peptide. The association of the cleavage products results in the formation a latent protein which must be activated to bind its receptor.

The entire nerve apparatus, composed of a central part, the brain and spinal cord, and a peripheral part, the cranial and spinal nerves, autonomic ganglia, and plexuses. (Stedman, 26th ed)

An OOCYTE-containing structure in the cortex of the OVARY. The oocyte is enclosed by a layer of GRANULOSA CELLS providing a nourishing microenvironment (FOLLICULAR FLUID). The number and size of follicles vary depending on the age and reproductive state of the female. The growing follicles are divided into five stages: primary, secondary, tertiary, Graafian, and atretic. Follicular growth and steroidogenesis depend on the presence of GONADOTROPINS.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

Either of a pair of compound bones forming the lateral (left and right) surfaces and base of the skull which contains the organs of hearing. It is a large bone formed by the fusion of parts: the squamous (the flattened anterior-superior part), the tympanic (the curved anterior-inferior part), the mastoid (the irregular posterior portion), and the petrous (the part at the base of the skull).

The granulosa cells of the cumulus oophorus which surround the OVUM in the GRAAFIAN FOLLICLE. At OVULATION they are extruded with OVUM.

A receptor-regulated smad protein that undergoes PHOSPHORYLATION by ACTIVIN RECEPTORS, TYPE I. Activated Smad3 can bind directly to DNA, and it regulates TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA and ACTIVIN signaling.

Mice bearing mutant genes which are phenotypically expressed in the animals.

An early embryonic developmental process of CHORDATES that is characterized by morphogenic movements of ECTODERM resulting in the formation of the NEURAL PLATE; the NEURAL CREST; and the NEURAL TUBE. Improper closure of the NEURAL GROOVE results in congenital NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS.

Cell growth support structures composed of BIOCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS. They are specially designed solid support matrices for cell attachment in TISSUE ENGINEERING and GUIDED TISSUE REGENERATION uses.

The region in the dorsal ECTODERM of a chordate embryo that gives rise to the future CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Tissue in the neural plate is called the neuroectoderm, often used as a synonym of neural plate.

The mammalian Tolloid-like 1 gene, Tll1, is necessary for normal septation and positioning of the heart. (1/124)

Mammalian Tolloid-like 1 (mTLL-1) is an astacin-like metalloprotease, highly similar in domain structure to the morphogenetically important proteases bone morphogenetic protein-1 (BMP-1) and Drosophila Tolloid. To investigate possible roles for mTLL-1 in mammalian development, we have used gene targeting in ES cells to produce mice with a disrupted allele for the corresponding gene, Tll1. Homozygous mutants were embryonic lethal, with death at mid-gestation from cardiac failure and a unique constellation of developmental defects that were apparently confined solely to the heart. Constant features were incomplete formation of the muscular interventricular septum and an abnormal and novel positioning of the heart and aorta. Consistent with roles in cardiac development, Tll1 expression was specific to precardiac tissue and endocardium in 7.5 and 8.5 days p.c. embryos, respectively. Tll1 expression was also high in the developing interventricular septum, where expression of the BMP-1 gene, Bmp1, was not observed. Cardiac structures that were not affected in Tll1-/- embryos either showed no Tll1 expression (atrio-ventricular cushions) or showed overlapping expression of Tll1 and Bmp1 (aortico-pulmonary septum), suggesting that products of the Bmp1 gene may be capable of functionally substituting for mTLL-1 at sites in which they are co-expressed. Together, the various data show that mTLL-1 plays multiple roles in formation of the mammalian heart and is essential for formation of the interventricular septum. (+info)

Bone morphogenetic protein 1 regulates dorsal-ventral patterning in early Xenopus embryos by degrading chordin, a BMP4 antagonist. (2/124)

Bone morphogenetic protein 1 (BMP1) is a metalloprotease that ventralises dorsal mesoderm when overexpressed in early Xenopus embryos. Here we show that Xenopus BMP1 blocks the dorsalising activity of chordin, but not noggin or DeltaxBMPR, when coexpressed in the ventral marginal zone and degrades chordin protein in vitro. We also show that a dominant-negative mutation for XBMP1 (dnBMP1) dorsalises ventral mesoderm in vivo, and blocks degradation of chordin by both XBMP1 and Xolloid, a closely related Xenopus metalloprotease, in vitro. dnBMP1 does not dorsalise ventral mesoderm in UV-irradiated embryos, demonstrating that this activity is dependent upon a functional organiser--the natural source of chordin in Xenopus gastrulae. Our results suggest that XBMP1 may regulate the availability of chordin during vertebrate embryogenesis. (+info)

Mammalian BMP-1/Tolloid-related metalloproteinases, including novel family member mammalian Tolloid-like 2, have differential enzymatic activities and distributions of expression relevant to patterning and skeletogenesis. (3/124)

Vertebrate bone morphogenetic protein 1 (BMP-1) and Drosophila Tolloid (TLD) are prototypes of a family of metalloproteases with important roles in various developmental events. BMP-1 affects morphogenesis, at least partly, via biosynthetic processing of fibrillar collagens, while TLD affects dorsal-ventral patterning by releasing TGFbeta-like ligands from latent complexes with the secreted protein Short Gastrulation (SOG). Here, in a screen for additional mammalian members of this family of developmental proteases, we identify novel family member mammalian Tolloid-like 2 (mTLL-2) and compare enzymatic activities and expression domains of all four known mammalian BMP-1/TLD-like proteases [BMP-1, mammalian Tolloid (mTLD), mammalian Tolloid-like 1 (mTLL-1), and mTLL-2]. Despite high sequence similarities, distinct differences are shown in ability to process fibrillar collagen precursors and to cleave Chordin, the vertebrate orthologue of SOG. As previously demonstrated for BMP-1 and mTLD, mTLL-1 is shown to specifically process procollagen C-propeptides at the physiologically relevant site, while mTLL-2 is shown to lack this activity. BMP-1 and mTLL-1 are shown to cleave Chordin, at sites similar to procollagen C-propeptide cleavage sites, and to counteract dorsalizing effects of Chordin upon overexpression in Xenopus embryos. Proteases mTLD and mTLL-2 do not cleave Chordin. Differences in enzymatic activities and expression domains of the four proteases suggest BMP-1 as the major Chordin antagonist in early mammalian embryogenesis and in pre- and postnatal skeletogenesis. (+info)

Expression of chick BMP-1/Tolloid during patterning of the neural tube and somites. (4/124)

The expression pattern described here is that of the chick BMP-1/Tolloid family of secreted metalloproteinases during early stages of development. BMP-1/Tolloid transcripts are expressed in the blastoderm, at gastrulation stages and as the neural plate forms and neural tube folds, BMP-1/Tolloid is found at the neural plate/ectodermal transition. Expression is maintained in the premigratory neural crest, and transiently in the migrating cephalic neural crest cells. BMP-1/Tolloid is also expressed in the caudal, but not in the anterior notochord, and in the ventral neural tube at the time of dorso-ventral patterning. Further sites of BMP-1/Tolloid expression are the lateral plate mesoderm and the dermotome and the myotome of the somites. (+info)

Bone morphogenetic protein 1 is an extracellular processing enzyme of the laminin 5 gamma 2 chain. (5/124)

Epithelial cells maintained in culture medium containing low calcium proteolytically process laminin 5 (alpha3beta3gamma2) within the alpha3 and gamma2 chains (). Experiments were designed to identify the enzyme(s) responsible for the laminin 5 processing and the sites of proteolytic cleavage. To characterize the nature of laminin 5 processing, we determined the N-terminal amino acid sequences of the proteolytic fragments produced by the processing events. The results indicate that the first alpha3 chain cleavage (200-l65 kDa alpha3) occurs within subdomain G4 of the G domain. The second cleavage (l65-l45 kDa alpha3) occurs within the lIla domain, 11 residues N-terminal to the start of domain II. The gamma chain is cleaved within the second epidermal growth factor-like repeat of domain Ill. The sequence cleaved within the gamma2 chain matches the consensus sequence for the cleavage of type I, II, and III procollagens by bone morphogenetic protein-1 (BMP-1), also known as type I procollagen C-proteinase (). Recombinant BMP-1 cleaves gamma2 in vitro, both within intact laminin 5 and at the predicted site of a recombinant gamma2 short arm. alpha3 is also cleaved by BMP-1 in vitro, but the cleavage site is yet to be determined. These results show the laminin alpha3 and gamma2 chains to be substrates for BMP-1 in vitro. We speculate that gamma2 cleavage is required for formation of the laminin 5-6 complex and that this complex is directly involved in assembly of the interhemidesmosomal basement membrane. This further suggests that BMP-1 activity facilitates basement membrane assembly, but not hemidesmosome assembly, in the laminin 5-rich dermal-epidermal junction basement membrane in vivo. (+info)

Profiling of genes which are differentially expressed in mouse liver in response to adenoviral vectors and delivered genes. (6/124)

The effects of transgene delivery by adenoviral vectors were studied by probing a 588 gene, mouse cDNA array with mRNA derived from infected liver. The liver tissues were obtained from naive mice and mice infected with replication-deficient adenovirus, adenovirus expressing transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1), and adenovirus expressing connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). Expression of 98 genes was detected in the array analysis. The increased expression of the transcripts for Stat1, gamma interferon-induced monokine (MIG) and interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) clearly demonstrated the immune response induced by infection with a first generation, replication-incompetent adenovirus. In vivo expression of TGFbeta1 led to a down-regulation of genes involved in the immune response. The increased expression of u-PAR1, laminin receptor and BMP-1 confirms the importance of CTGF and TGFbeta1 in angiogenesis, and tissue repair. Expression of the serine protease inhibitors, Spi 2.4 and Spi 2, is also increased in response to AdTGFbeta1 and AdCTGF. (+info)

Is chordin a long-range- or short-range-acting factor? Roles for BMP1-related metalloproteases in chordin and BMP4 autofeedback loop regulation. (7/124)

Diffusible morphogen models have been used widely to explain regional specification of tissues and body axes during animal development. The three-signal model for patterning the dorsal-ventral axis of the amphibian embryo proposes, in part, that a factor(s) secreted from Spemann's organizer is responsible for converting lateral marginal zone into more dorsal cell fates. We examine the possibility that chordin, a secreted inhibitor of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling and candidate "dorsalizing signal," is a long-range-acting factor. We show that chordin can, when overexpressed, act directly over distances of at least 450 microm in the early Xenopus embryo to create a gradient of BMP signaling. However, since lower levels of chordin can still induce secondary axes and these amounts of chordin act only locally to inhibit a BMP target gene, we suggest that chordin likely acts as a short-range signal in vivo. Furthermore, BMP1, a secreted metalloprotease that cleaves chordin protein in vitro, inhibits chordin's axis-inducing effects, suggesting that BMP1 functions to negatively regulate chordin's action in vivo. A dominant-negative mutant BMP1 blocks the in vitro cleavage of chordin protein by wild-type BMP1 and induces secondary axes when injected ventrally. We argue that BMP1 and Xolloid are probably functionally redundant metalloproteases and may have two roles in the early Xenopus embryo. One role may be to inhibit the action of low-level chordin protein expressed throughout the entire embryo and a possible second role may be to inhibit activation of a juxtacrine cell relay, thereby confining chordin's action to the organizer region preventing chordin from functioning as a long-range-acting factor. (+info)

Bone morphogenetic protein-1 processes probiglycan. (8/124)

Bone morphogenetic protein-1 (BMP-1) is a metalloprotease that plays important roles in regulating the deposition of fibrous extracellular matrix in vertebrates, including provision of the procollagen C-proteinase activity that processes the major fibrillar collagens I-III. Biglycan, a small leucine-rich proteoglycan, is a nonfibrillar extracellular matrix component with functions that include the positive regulation of bone formation. Biglycan is synthesized as a precursor with an NH(2)-terminal propeptide that is cleaved to yield the mature form found in vertebrate tissues. Here, we show that BMP-1 cleaves probiglycan at a single site, removing the propeptide and producing a biglycan molecule with an NH(2) terminus identical to that of the mature form found in tissues. BMP-1-related proteases mammalian Tolloid and mammalian Tolloid-like 1 (mTLL-1) are shown to have low but detectable levels of probiglycan-cleaving activity. Comparison shows that wild type mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) produce only fully processed biglycan, whereas MEFs derived from embryos homozygous null for the Bmp1 gene, which encodes both BMP-1 and mammalian Tolloid, produce predominantly unprocessed probiglycan, and MEFs homozygous null for both the Bmp1 gene and the mTLL-1 gene Tll1 produce only unprocessed probiglycan. Thus, all detectable probiglycan-processing activity in MEFs is accounted for by the products of these two genes. (+info)

Although other bone morphogenetic proteins are members of the TGF-beta superfamily, BMP1 encodes a protein that is not closely ... BMP1 belongs to the peptidase M12A family of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). It induces bone and cartilage development. ... Bone morphogenetic protein, Developmental genes and proteins, ZnMc domain, EGFCA domain, CUB domain). ... Bone morphogenetic protein 1, also known as BMP1, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the BMP1 gene. There are seven ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_morphogenetic_protein_1

Bone morphogenetic protein type I receptors are single pass, type I transmembrane proteins. They belong to a class of receptor ... Bone+Morphogenetic+Protein+Receptors,+Type+I at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Portal: ... Bone morphogenetic protein, EC 2.7.11, All stub articles, Transmembrane receptor stubs). ... serine/threonine kinases that bind members of the TGF beta superfamily of ligands-the Bone morphogenetic proteins. The three ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_morphogenetic_protein_receptor,_type_1

2000). "Bone morphogenetic protein-1 processes probiglycan". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (39): 30504-11. doi:10.1074/jbc.M004846200. ... 2001). "Multiple bone morphogenetic protein 1-related mammalian metalloproteinases process pro-lysyl oxidase at the correct ... with high sequence similarity to mammalian tolloid/bone morphogenetic protein-1". Genomics. 34 (2): 157-65. doi:10.1006/geno. ... Tolloid-like protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TLL1 gene. This gene encodes an astacin-like zinc- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TLL1

... a disease characterized by the formation of heterotopic bone throughout the body. It is a bone morphogenetic protein receptor, ... This protein is important in the bone morphogenic protein (BMP) pathway which is responsible for the development and repair of ... This causes a change in the critical glycine-serine activation domain of the protein which will cause the protein to bind its ... Activin A receptor, type I (ACVR1) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ACVR1 gene; also known as ALK-2 (activin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACVR1

"Bone Morphogenetic Protein-1: The Type I Procollagen C-Proteinas". Scott, Ian C.; Blitz, Ira L.; Pappano, William N.; Maas, ... In a study in 1996, Greenspan's lab showed that Bone Morphogenetic Protein 1 (BMP-1) is a protease responsible for the ... Kessler, E., Takahara, K., Biniaminov, L., Brusel, M., & Greenspan, D. S. (1996). Bone morphogenetic protein-1: the type I ... Hopkins, Delana R.; Keles, Sunduz; Greenspan, Daniel S. (2007). "The bone morphogenetic protein 1/Tolloid-like ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_S._Greenspan

Spinal Fusion and Bone Morphogenetic Protein Reddi AH (1997). "Bone morphogenetic proteins: an unconventional approach to ... BMP: The What and the Who BMPedia - the Bone Morphogenetic Protein Wiki Bone+Morphogenetic+Proteins at the US National Library ... Blázquez-Medela, Ana M.; Jumabay, Medet; Boström, Kristina I. (2019-01-04). "Beyond the bone: Bone morphogenetic protein ... "Bone Morphogenetic Protein" in the scientific literature in the Journal of Dental Research in 1971. Bone induction is a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_morphogenetic_protein

Alliston T, Ko TC, Cao Y, Liang YY, Feng XH, Chang C, Derynck R (Jun 2005). "Repression of bone morphogenetic protein and ... Alliston T, Ko TC, Cao Y, Liang YY, Feng XH, Chang C, Derynck R (Jun 2005). "Repression of bone morphogenetic protein and ... along with other TGF-β family ligands such as bone morphogenic protein (BMP) and activin are involved in regulating important ... or positive regulatory domain zinc finger protein 3 (PRDM3) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MECOM gene. EVI1 was ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MECOM

This protein functions as a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist. Specifically, it directly associates with BMPs, ... a bone morphogenetic protein antagonist abundantly expressed in the kidney". Biochemical and Biophysical Research ... Sclerostin domain-containing protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SOSTDC1 gene. This gene is a member of the ... Goto M, Eddy EM (October 2004). "Speriolin is a novel spermatogenic cell-specific centrosomal protein associated with the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOSTDC1

... which is an antagonistic protein to bone morphogenic protein 4. This gene encodes an antagonist of bone morphogenetic protein 4 ... Chen D, Zhao M, Mundy GR (December 2004). "Bone morphogenetic proteins". Growth Factors. 22 (4): 233-41. doi:10.1080/ ... Gazzerro E, Canalis E (June 2006). "Bone morphogenetic proteins and their antagonists". Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic ... a bone morphogenetic protein-4 antagonist, is upregulated by hypoxia in human retinal pericytes and plays a role in regulating ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordin-like_1

2004). "Bone morphogenetic protein-1/Tolloid-like proteinases process dentin matrix protein-1". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (2): 980-6. ... This protein, which is critical for proper mineralization of bone and dentin, is present in diverse cells of bone and tooth ... 2006). "A chondroitin sulfate chain attached to the bone dentin matrix protein 1 NH2-terminal fragment". J. Biol. Chem. 281 (12 ... 2006). "DMP1 Depletion Decreases Bone Mineralization In Vivo: An FTIR Imaging Analysis". J. Bone Miner. Res. 20 (12): 2169-77. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DMP1

There are four bone morphogenetic protein receptors: Bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type 1: ACVR1 BMPR1A BMPR1B Bone ... Bone morphogenetic protein Miyazono K, Kamiya Y, Morikawa M (January 2010). "Bone morphogenetic protein receptors and signal ... Bone morphogenetic protein receptors are serine-threonine kinase receptors. Transforming growth factor beta family proteins ... Bone morphogenetic protein receptors and actions.". In Bilezikian JP, Raisz LG, Martin TJ (eds.). Principles of bone biology ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_morphogenetic_protein_receptor

... is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BMP6 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a ... Bone morphogenetic proteins are known for their ability to induce the growth of bone and cartilage. BMP6 is able to induce all ... The bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a family of secreted signaling molecules that can induce ectopic bone growth. BMPs ... 2001). "Effect of bone morphogenetic protein-6 on haemopoietic stem cells and cytokine production in normal human bone marrow ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_morphogenetic_protein_6

... (BMP-15) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BMP15 gene. It is involved in ... Developmental genes and proteins, Bone morphogenetic protein, TGFβ domain). ... Bragdon B, Moseychuk O, Saldanha S, King D, Julian J, Nohe A (April 2011). "Bone morphogenetic proteins: a critical review". ... Persani L, Rossetti R, Di Pasquale E, Cacciatore C, Fabre S (2014-11-01). "The fundamental role of bone morphogenetic protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_morphogenetic_protein_15

... , also known as osteogenin, is a protein in humans that is encoded by the BMP3 gene. The protein ... It, like other bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP's) is known for its ability to induce bone and cartilage development. It is a ... "Bone morphogenetic protein-3 is a negative regulator of bone density". Nature Genetics. 27 (1): 84-8. doi:10.1038/83810. PMID ... Bone morphogenetic protein, Developmental genes and proteins, TGFβ domain, All stub articles, Human chromosome 4 gene stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_morphogenetic_protein_3

... or BMP7 (also known as osteogenic protein-1 or OP-1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ... The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TGF-β superfamily. Like other members of the bone morphogenetic protein ... Reddi AH (July 2000). "Bone morphogenetic proteins and skeletal development: the kidney-bone connection". Pediatric Nephrology ... bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) versus autologous bone grafting for tibial fractures]". Der Unfallchirurg (in German). 110 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_morphogenetic_protein_7

... or BMP-2 belongs to the TGF-β superfamily of proteins. BMP-2 like other bone morphogenetic ... Bone morphogenetic protein 2 has been shown to interact with BMPR1A. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 is shown to stimulate the ... As an adjuvant to allograft bone or as a replacement for harvested autograft, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) appear to ... Blázquez-Medela AM, Jumabay M, Boström KI (January 2019). "Beyond the bone: Bone morphogenetic protein signaling in adipose ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_morphogenetic_protein_2

... is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BMP5 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is ... "Effect of bone morphogenetic proteins-4, -5 and -6 on DNA synthesis and expression of bone-related proteins in cultured human ... Bone morphogenetic proteins are known for their ability to induce bone and cartilage development. BMP5 may play a role in ... Bone morphogenetic proteins were originally identified by an ability of demineralized bone extract to induce endochondral ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_morphogenetic_protein_5

"Entrez Gene: BMP4 bone morphogenetic protein 4". Miyazono K, Kamiya Y, Morikawa M (January 2010). "Bone morphogenetic protein ... type II receptor for bone morphogenetic protein-4 that forms differential heteromeric complexes with bone morphogenetic protein ... Bone morphogenetic protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by BMP4 gene. BMP4 is found on chromosome 14q22-q23. BMP4 ... It, like other bone morphogenetic proteins, is involved in bone and cartilage development, specifically tooth and limb ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_morphogenetic_protein_4

... is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BMP8B gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a ... The bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a family of secreted signaling molecules that can induce ectopic bone growth. Many ... "Entrez Gene: BMP8B bone morphogenetic protein 8b (osteogenic protein 2)". Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE, et al. (2006). "The ... Bone morphogenetic protein, Developmental genes and proteins, TGFβ domain, All stub articles, Human chromosome 1 gene stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_morphogenetic_protein_8B

"Bone morphogenetic protein 1 is an extracellular processing enzyme of the laminin 5 gamma 2 chain". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (30): ... "HIV-protein-mediated alterations in T cell interactions with the extracellular matrix proteins and endothelium". Arch. Immunol ... The protein encoded by this gene is the alpha-3 chain of laminin 5, which is a complex glycoprotein composed of three subunits ... Laminin subunit alpha-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LAMA3 gene. Laminins are basement membrane components ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laminin,_alpha_3

"Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Inhibits Differentiation and Mineralization of Cementoblasts in vitro". Journal of Dental Research ... Unlike those in bone, however, these canals in cementum do not contain nerves, nor do they radiate outward. Instead, the canals ... Thus cementoblasts resemble bone-forming osteoblasts but differ functionally and histologically. The cells of cementum are the ... Each cementocyte lies in its lacuna (plural, lacunae), similar to the pattern noted in bone. These lacunae also have canaliculi ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cementoblast

"Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature. 437 (7062): 1173-8. Bibcode:2005Natur. ... The encoded protein contains a distinguishing putative zinc finger domain with a repeating cys-his motif. This RNA binding ... "Entrez Gene: ZFP36L1 zinc finger protein 36, C3H type-like 1". Weichhart T (2018). "mTOR as Regulator of Lifespan, Aging, and ... "The RNA binding protein Zfp36l1 is required for normal vascularisation and post-transcriptionally regulates VEGF expression". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZFP36L1

It induces human osteoblast differentiation through bone morphogenetic protein-2/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 ... induces human osteoblast differentiation through bone morphogenetic protein-2/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 pathway ... 7 (1): 42-48. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1565(199601)7:1. 3.0.CO;2-K. S2CID 95953333. Tyukavkina, N. A.; Medvedeva, S. A.; Ivanova ... 58 (1): 427-433. doi:10.1021/jf903033m. PMID 20000402. S2CID 28304488. Hsu, Ya-Ling; Liang, Hsin-Lin; Hung, Chih-Hsing; Kuo, Po ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syringetin

2000). "Bone morphogenetic protein 1 is an extracellular processing enzyme of the laminin 5 gamma 2 chain". J. Biol. Chem. 275 ... Laminin subunit gamma-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LAMC2 gene. Laminins, a family of extracellular matrix ... Each laminin chain is a multidomain protein encoded by a distinct gene. Several isoforms of each chain have been described. ... 2001). "Involvement of activator protein 1 complexes in the epithelium-specific activation of the laminin gamma2-chain gene ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laminin_subunit_gamma-2

... is a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 4 signaling antagonist in controlling mouse lung development". Proceedings of the ... This gene encodes a protein with similarity to follistatin, an BMP-4-binding protein. It binds to BMP-4 and TGF-β1, but not ... Tanaka M, Ozaki S, Osakada F, Mori K, Okubo M, Nakao K (Sep 1998). "Cloning of follistatin-related protein as a novel ... FSTL1 protein seems to have a cardioprotective role. FSTL1 attenuated hypertrophy following pressure overload and prevented ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FSTL1

Type XIII - OI caused by a mutation in the bone morphogenetic protein 1 (BMP1) gene on chromosome 8p21.3. This mutation causes ... Defects in these proteins lead to defective bone mineralization which causes the characteristic brittle bones of osteogenesis ... Defects in the proteins pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) and bone-restricted interferon-induced transmembrane protein ( ... low mineral density bones; all types of OI have some bone involvement. In moderate and especially severe OI, the long bones may ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteogenesis_imperfecta

This protein mediates the signals of the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), which are involved in a range of biological ... SMAD1 is a receptor regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) and is activated by bone morphogenetic protein type 1 receptor kinase. GRCm38: ... Protein at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) SMAD1+protein,+human at the US National Library ... Developmental genes and proteins, MH1 domain, MH2 domain, R-SMAD, Human proteins). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_against_decapentaplegic_homolog_1

SMAD5 is a receptor regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) and is activated by bone morphogenetic protein type 1 receptor kinase. It may play ... Like many other TGFβ family members SMAD5 is involved in cell signalling and modulates signals of bone morphogenetic proteins ( ... Developmental genes and proteins, MH1 domain, MH2 domain, R-SMAD, Transcription factors, Human proteins, All stub articles, ... Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 5 also known as SMAD5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMAD5 gene. SMAD5, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_against_decapentaplegic_homolog_5

When a bone morphogenetic protein binds to a receptor (BMP type 1 receptor kinase) it causes SMAD9 to interact with SMAD anchor ... SMAD9 is a receptor regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) and is activated by bone morphogenetic protein type 1 receptor kinase. There are ... The SMAD proteins are homologs of both the drosophila protein, mothers against decapentaplegic (MAD) and the C. elegans protein ... Developmental genes and proteins, MH1 domain, MH2 domain, R-SMAD, Transcription factors, Human proteins, All stub articles, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_against_decapentaplegic_homolog_9

King FW, Shtivelman E (2004). "Inhibition of nuclear import by the proapoptotic protein CC3". Mol. Cell. Biol. 24 (16): 7091- ... a protein associated with metastasis suppression". Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 57 (5): 851-8. doi:10.1007/s000180050047. PMID 10892349 ... "The novel gene encoding a putative transmembrane protein is mutated in gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia (GDD)". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 74 ... 449 (1-2): 27-33. doi:10.1016/j.abb.2006.02.020. PMID 16615932. v t e (Genes on human chromosome 11, All stub articles, Human ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTATIP2

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) cell signaling plays a key role in diverse aspects of cardiac differentiation and ... The AV node is quite compact (~1 x 3 x 5 mm). The AV node lies at the lower back section of the interatrial septum near the ... The AV node is quite compact (~1 x 3 x 5 mm). It is located at the center of Koch's triangle-a triangle enclosed by the septal ... 246 (1): 99-107, discussion 108-109. doi:10.1148/radiol.2461070030. PMID 18024438. Stroud DM, Gaussin V, Burch JB, et al. ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrioventricular_node

Meanwhile, the overlying ectoderm secretes bone morphogenetic protein (BMP). This induces the roof plate to begin to secrete ... The vertebral bones or intervertebral disks can shatter, causing the spinal cord to be punctured by a sharp fragment of bone. ... Between the dura mater and the surrounding bone of the vertebrae is a space called the epidural space. The epidural space is ... the spinal cord begins at the occipital bone, passing through the foramen magnum and then enters the spinal canal at the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_cord

1990). "Interaction of osteogenin, a heparin binding bone morphogenetic protein, with type IV collagen". J. Biol. Chem. 265 (28 ... Collagen alpha-2(IV) chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the COL4A2 gene. This gene encodes one of the six subunits ... The C-terminal portion of the protein, known as canstatin, is an inhibitor of angiogenesis and tumor growth. Like the other ... Gupta S, Batchu RB, Datta K (1992). "Purification, partial characterization of rat kidney hyaluronic acid binding protein and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collagen,_type_IV,_alpha_2

... a novel endothelial cell precursor-derived protein, antagonizes bone morphogenetic protein signaling and endothelial cell ... "Human Crossveinless-2 is a novel inhibitor of bone morphogenetic proteins". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications ... "BMPER is an endothelial cell regulator and controls bone morphogenetic protein-4-dependent angiogenesis". Circulation Research ... BMP binding endothelial regulator is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BMPER gene. KLF15 is a strong and direct ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMP_binding_endothelial_regulator

... served as the 3rd largest site in the nation for the trial of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) - the first use of biologics in ... Disc Disease by Using Stand Alone Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion Cages and Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2: as ... of Anterior Lumbar Interbody Arthrodesis with Use of Interbody Fusion Cages and recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 ... of Anterior Lumbar Interbody Arthrodesis with Use of Interbody Fusion Cages and Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Schuler

... bone morphogenetic protein - bradykinin - bradykinin receptor - BRCA1 - buffer solution C-terminus - C4 photosynthesis - ... protein - protein biosynthesis - Protein Data Bank - protein design - protein expression - protein folding - protein isoform - ... protein P16 - protein P34cdc2 - protein precursor - protein structure prediction - protein subunit - protein synthesis - ... proto-oncogene protein C-kit - proto-oncogene proteins c-abl - proto-oncogene proteins c-bcl-2 - Proto-oncogene proteins c-fos ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_biochemistry_articles

... a common blood test Bone morphogenetic proteins, a family of growth factors influencing bone and tissue growth within animals ... a series of Soviet and Russian infantry fighting vehicles BMP-1 BMP-2 BMP-3 BMP-23, a Bulgarian infantry fighting vehicle BMP ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMP

Developmental research in 2004 found that bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), and its differential expression during ... 1, and the smallest in Fig. 3; but instead of there being only one intermediate species, with a beak of the size shown in Fig. ... 629-631, ISBN 978-1-55297-777-4 It is not clear whether this placement was made by Burns and Skutch or by Perrins. Keynes, ... 1, pp. 1-53, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.458.3975, doi:10.1007/BF00132004, S2CID 17161535, retrieved 2008-12-09 Wikimedia Commons has ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwin's_finches

Core AB, Canali S, Babitt JL (2014). "Hemojuvelin and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling in iron homeostasis". ... hereditary hemochromatosis protein, transferrin receptor 2, bone morphogenic protein 6 (BMP6), matriptase-2, neogenin, BMP ... Hepcidin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HAMP gene. Hepcidin is a key regulator of the entry of iron into the ... NMR studies showed a new model for hepcidin: at ambient temperatures, the protein interconverts between two conformations, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepcidin

... dorsalizes the developing embryo by binding ventralizing TGFβ proteins such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) ... "Not.S - Xnot protein - Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog) - not.S gene & protein". Larraín J, Bachiller D, Lu B, Agius E, ... There are five named isoforms of this protein that are produced by alternative splicing. CHRD is 23 exons long and has a length ... Chordin (from Greek χορδή, string, catgut) is a protein with a prominent role in dorsal-ventral patterning during early ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordin

2004). "Proteins associated with type II bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR-II) and identified by two-dimensional gel ... Huang CK, Zhan L, Ai Y, Jongstra J (1997). "LSP1 is the major substrate for mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein ... Li Y, Guerrero A, Howard TH (1995). "The actin-binding protein, lymphocyte-specific protein 1, is expressed in human leukocytes ... This gene encodes an intracellular F-actin binding protein. The protein is expressed in lymphocytes, neutrophils, macrophages, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LSP1

... and skeletal development may also go awry when GPC3 mutations inhibit regulations of responses to bone morphogenetic proteins, ... The function of this gene is to produce a protein that acts as a cell surface receptor that binds to transcription factors. ... Macrosomia Macroglossia Advanced bone age Organomegaly Neonatal hypoglycemia Neoplasms Congenital diaphragmatic hernia ( ... 25 (1): 8-15. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801520. PMID 11244452. Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome at NIH's Office of Rare Diseases ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simpson–Golabi–Behmel_syndrome

Msx2 induces Sp7 directly, whereas bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) induces it indirectly through either Dlx5 or Runx2. Once ... Accelerated bone fracture healing was found when researchers implanted Sp7 overexpressing bone marrow stroma cells at a site of ... It was found that the mechanism by which Sp7 expression accelerated bone healing was through triggering new bone formation by ... Along similar mechanistic lines as bone repair is the integration of dental implants into alveolar bone, since the insertion of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp7_transcription_factor

Therefore, LGR5 might be a receptor for a member of the large family of bone morphogenetic protein antagonists. Moreover, R- ... is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LGR5 gene. It is a member of GPCR class A receptor proteins. R-spondin proteins ... Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) also known as G-protein coupled receptor 49 (GPR49) or G- ... "LGR5 leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5". Entrez Gene. "LGR5 leucine-rich repeat containing G protein- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGR5

An Animal Model With and Without Bone Morphogenetic Protein". Spine. Lippincott-Raven. 23 (7): 758-765. doi:10.1097/00007632- ... and the Cortical Bone Dowel, which is cut from allograft femur. The cages can be packed with autologous bone material in order ... The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc. 81 (6): 859-880. doi: ... 22 (1): 26-31. doi:10.1097/00007632-199701010-00005. PMID 9122778. J. W. Brantigan; A. D. Steffee; J. M. Geiger (June 1991). "A ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interbody_fusion_cage

"Identification of the minimal domain structure of bone morphogenetic protein-1 (BMP-1) for chordinase activity: chordinase ... 2002). "Interaction properties of the procollagen C-proteinase enhancer protein shed light on the mechanism of stimulation of ... 1994). "Type I procollagen COOH-terminal proteinase enhancer protein: identification, primary structure, and chromosomal ... "Fine mapping of the human and mouse genes for the type I procollagen COOH-terminal proteinase enhancer protein". Genomics. 31 ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCOLCE

"Identification and functional characterization of distinct critically important bone morphogenetic protein-specific response ... The protein encoded by this gene is a helix-loop-helix (HLH) protein that can form heterodimers with members of the basic HLH ... E proteins heterodimerize with tissue restricted bHLH proteins such as Myod, NeuroD, etc. to form active transcription ... October 2001). "Protein-protein interaction panel using mouse full-length cDNAs". Genome Research. 11 (10): 1758-65. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ID1

Meanwhile, the overlying ectoderm secretes bone morphogenetic protein (BMP). This induces the roof plate to begin to secrete ... The neural crest cells that are found outside of a given neuromere will express the same proteins as the cells that are found ... Between the dura mater and the surrounding bone of the vertebrae is a space called the epidural space. The epidural space is ... The Hox genes contain the 183-bp homeobox, which encodes a particular portion of the Hox proteins called the homeodomain. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuromere

... gradient of pituitary morphogenesis is dependent on neuroectodermal signals from the infundibular bone morphogenetic protein 4 ... Other essential proteins necessary for pituitary cell proliferation are Fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8), Wnt4, and Wnt5. ... An assortment of genes and proteins - such as WNT4, RSPO1, FOXL2, and various estrogen receptors - have been shown to prevent ... BMP4). This protein is responsible for the development of the initial invagination of the Rathke's pouch. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Development_of_the_endocrine_system

January 2006). "Bone morphogenetic protein-4 inhibits corticotroph tumor cells: involvement in the retinoic acid inhibitory ... February 2003). "Involvement of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP-4) in pituitary prolactinoma pathogenesis through a Smad/ ... October 2007). "RSUME, a small RWD-containing protein, enhances SUMO conjugation and stabilizes HIF-1alpha during hypoxia". ... 132 (1): 459-67. doi:10.1210/endo.132.1.8419142. PMID 8419142. Arzt E, Pereda MP, Castro CP, Pagotto U, Renner U, Stalla GK ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduardo_Arzt

"The RING domain of PIASy is involved in the suppression of bone morphogenetic protein-signaling pathway". Biochem. Biophys. Res ... E3 SUMO-protein ligase PIAS4 is one of several protein inhibitor of activated STAT (PIAS) proteins. It is also known as protein ... "Entrez Gene: PIAS4 Protein inhibitor of activated STAT, 4". Imoto, Seiyu; Sugiyama Kenji; Muromoto Ryuta; Sato Noriko; Yamamoto ... 2002). "Protein inhibitors of activated STAT resemble scaffold attachment factors and function as interacting nuclear receptor ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PIAS4

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP), Hedgehog (Hh) and Wnt signals. These molecular signals direct the growth of the surrounding ... 1, pp. 39-43. Jernvall, J., Kettunen, P., Karavanova, I., Martin, L. B., Thesleff, I. (1994). "Evidence for the Role of the ... ISBN 0-8151-2952-1. Ross, M. H., Kaye, G. I., & Pawlina, W. (2003). Histology: A Text and Atlas, 4th edition. ISBN 0-683-30242- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enamel_knot

2004). "Proteins associated with type II bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR-II) and identified by two-dimensional gel ... PDZ domain-containing RING finger protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PDZRN3 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release ... The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro". DNA Res. 6 (3): 197-205. doi: ... 112 (1): 14-25. doi:10.1002/ijc.20408. PMID 15305371. S2CID 29845339. Meyer G, Varoqueaux F, Neeb A, et al. (2005). "The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDZRN3

In 2006, while examining the available literature on bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), used to stimulate bone growth in ... for his research and campaigning which were instrumental in uncovering the harmful side effects of bone morphogenetic protein 2 ... 1 March 2013. Retrieved 16 January 2015. "Editor-in-Chief". cmj.hr. Croatian Medical Journal. Retrieved 30 June 2018. Tomislav ... 1 June 2011. Retrieved 13 January 2015. "Rowing results for the 2000 Summer Olympics". databaseolympics.com. Archived from the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomislav_Smoljanović

2004). "Proteins associated with type II bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR-II) and identified by two-dimensional gel ... Tubulin beta-4A chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TUBB4A gene. Two tubulin beta-4 chain proteins are encoded ... 2003). "Nuclear coactivator-62 kDa/Ski-interacting protein is a nuclear matrix-associated coactivator that may couple vitamin D ... 2004). "Proteomic, functional, and domain-based analysis of in vivo 14-3-3 binding proteins involved in cytoskeletal regulation ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubulin_beta-4A_chain

keywords = "Bone morphogenetic protein 4, Osteoporosis, Parathyroid hormone 1-84, Vessel endothelial growth factor, Bone ... treatment on serum bone morphogenetic protein 4 and vascular endothelial growth factor in postmenopausal women with established ... treatment on serum bone morphogenetic protein 4 and vascular endothelial growth factor in postmenopausal women with established ... treatment on serum bone morphogenetic protein 4 and vascular endothelial growth factor in postmenopausal women with established ...

https://publires.unicatt.it/it/publications/the-effect-of-parathyroid-hormone-1-84-treatment-on-serum-bone-mo

Body/Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMP) (1) * Bone Health Support Formula (4) * Brain Support Formula (5) ... a whey protein concentrate powder that comes in plain, vanilla and chocolate flavors) and GI Revive, which comes in tablet or ...

https://www.pureformulas.com/brand/designs-for-health.html?seoUrl=high-absorption-100-chelated-magnesium-240-tablets-by-doctors-best&view=listing

Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP-2) (1) Bradykinin (10) Buforin 2 (1) C3a (2) ...

https://www.eurogentec.com/en/catalog/c135~peptides?catalog_product.ProductAttribute.227=20540

Protein inhibitor of activated STAT, 2. PIAS2. NM_173206. 2.089. 0.537. Bone morphogenetic protein 1 ... Extracted protein was stored at −80°C until analyzed. Equal amounts of protein were separated using SDS-PAGE and then ... DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member B6] is involved in a wide range of cellular events, such as protein folding and ... Iolascon et al. demonstrated, for the first time, that a significant percentage of Nbl cells lack caspase-3 mRNA and protein [ ...

https://www.oncotarget.com/article/23333/text/

... and represses bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling responses. Myc-Hic-5 but not Myc-paxillin was specifically ... is a transforming growth factor-β-inducible LIM protein whose deregulation is implicated in the progression of prostate cancer ... Moreover, silencing of Hic-5 in PC3 cells as well as in the WPMY-1 human prostate stroma cell line greatly enhances the levels ... Bacterially expressed glutathione S-transferase (GST)-Smads 1, 5 or 8, but not GST alone, pulled down in vitro transcribed and ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/onc2011422?error=cookies_not_supported&code=8002ef37-3429-48ea-b18b-42b7eadabf00

A Study of INFUSE Bone Graft (Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2/Absorbable Collagen Sponge) in the Treatment of ... Official Title: A Study of INFUSE Bone Graft (Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2/Absorbable Collagen Sponge) in the ... Research InnovationClinical Studies INFUSE Bone Graft (recombinant human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2/absorable collegen sponge ... at the time of surgical repair of TPA in NF1 patients will result in improved bone healing; 2) to document safety of BMP-2 in a ...

https://www.luriechildrens.org/en/research/clinical-studies/infuse-bone-graft-recombinant-human-bone-morphogenetic-protein-2absorable-collegen-sponge-in-the-treatment-of-tibial-psudarthrosis-in-neurofibromatosis-1-nf1/

... and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2. Immunohistology was performed for collagen 2 and BMP-2 to label cells ... Disc distraction shows evidence of regenerative potential in degenerated intervertebral discs as evaluated by protein ... Thorsten Guehring 1 , Georg W Omlor, Helga Lorenz, Karl Engelleiter, Wiltrud Richter, Claus Carstens, Markus Kroeber ... as well as gene and protein expression levels. ... tissue-inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (0.05-fold), and ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16816759/

Proteinases of the bone morphogenetic protein-1 family convert procollagen VII to mature anchoring fibril collagen. Journal of ... 1.. Journal Article Koch, M. K.; Staudinger, W. F.; Siedler, F.; Oesterhelt, D.: Physiological sites of deamidation and methyl ... Thesis - PhD (1). 10.. Thesis - PhD Koch, M.: Investigation on halobacterial transducers with respect to membrane potential ... Journal of the American Chemical Society 127 (1), pp. 158 - 166 (2005) ...

https://www.biochem.mpg.de/publication-search/6289314?person=%2Fpersons%2Fresource%2Fpersons78241

... induces human osteoblast differentiation through bone morphogenetic protein-2/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 pathway ... Inhibition of mammary tumor growth and metastases to bone and liver by dietary grape polyphenols. Clin.Exp.Metastasis 2009;26: ... Dietary grape seed proanthocyanidins inhibit UVB-induced oxidative stress and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases ... 8-1-2011;254:323-331. View abstract.. * Su, X. and DSouza, D. H. Grape seed extract for control of human enteric viruses. Appl ...

https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/natural/472.html

... a category of immunoactive proteins, act as humoral regulators which modulate the functional activities of individual cells and ... "Bone morphogenetic protein in spine surgery: current and future uses." JAAOS-Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic ... "Bone morphogenetic proteins: a critical review." Cellular signalling 23.4 (2011): 609-620. 2.Even, Jesse, Mark Eskander, and ... Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) are potent growth factors belonging to the Transforming Growth Factor Beta superfamily. To ...

https://www.genscript.com/cytokines.html?src=pullmenu

The activated Smad proteins dissociate from the type I TGF-β receptor, bind to Smad4, and enter the nucleus to transmit TGF-β ... James L Harper, MD Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow ... Endoglin, a TGF-beta binding protein of endothelial cells, is the gene for hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia type 1. Nat ... 36, 37] In the French department of Ain, the prevalence is 1 case per 2351 persons; in France overall, it is 1 per 8345. [6] ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/957067-overview

... and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in both treatment groups. However, an increasing trend for IL-13 concentration ... 1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-3, MMP-13, ... and a decreasing trend in MCP-1 concentration were noted in the blueberry group. The findings of this study suggest that daily ... bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), etc. [32,33]. A few clinical trials have also shown that blueberries have a potential anti- ...

https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/11/2/290/htm

SPP1 and bone morphogenetic protein-2 until 21 days. Extracellular protein revealed higher collagen type 1 and bone ... Bone regeneration proteins showed initial burst of release. Human bone marrow stromal cells were cultured on scaffolds ... morphogenetic protein-2 at 21 days in demineralised dentine matrix group. Cells on DDM group showed signs of mineralisation. ... The human bone marrow stromal cells proliferated less in demineralised dentine matrix group and activated ERK/1/2 after both ...

https://bora.uib.no/bora-xmlui/handle/11250/2726664

Inhibitor of bone morphogenetic protein 1 (BMP-1, aka PCP) €90.00 2083 ADAMTS-5 inhibitor Selective inhibitor of ADAMTS-5 ( ... Matrix metalloproteinase-2 degrades the cytoskeletal protein α-actinin in peroxynitrite mediated myocardial injury. J. Mol. Cel ... The purity of Axon Ligands™ is confirmed by HPLC-MS, 1H-NMR and/or microanalysis. Analytical data are available upon request. ...

https://www.axonmedchem.com/product/1271

Group 1 PAH patients.This document will highlight some of the issues facing providers, patients and the PAH community in real- ... as well as how mutations in Caveolin-1 and Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor II (BMPR2) are associated with penetrance and ... November 1, 2020 and why she races for #pulmonaryhypertension patients. ... November 1, 2020 and why she races for #pulmonaryhypertension patients. ...

https://med.stanford.edu/wallcenter/news/wall-center-news.html

Interaction between soluble type I receptor for bone morphogenetic protein and bone morphogenetic protein-4. Natsume, T., ... Distribution of genes for bone morphogenetic protein-4, -6, growth differentiation factor-5, and bone morphogenetic protein ... Distribution of genes for bone morphogenetic protein-4, -6, growth differentiation factor-5, and bone morphogenetic protein ... Bone morphogenetic proteins in bone stimulate osteoclasts and osteoblasts during bone development. Okamoto, M., Murai, J., ...

https://www.wikigenes.org/e/gene/e/12159.html

Inflammatory Cytokines Stimulate Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Expression and Release from Pancreatic Beta Cells. Publikation: ... We have recently showed that bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 and -4 are expressed in pancreatic islets and inhibit beta-cell ... IL-1β increased BMP-2 mRNA levels 6- and 3-fold in isolated islets of Langerhans from neonatal rat and human. Downstream target ... In this study, we describe that IL-1β and IFN-γ induce the expression of BMP-2 suggesting a possible role for BMP-2 in ...

https://forskning.ku.dk/soeg/result/?pure=da/publications/inflammatory-cytokines-stimulate-bone-morphogenetic-protein2-expression-and-release-from-pancreatic-beta-cells

Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Endomyocardial Fibrosis, Latent TGF-beta Binding Proteins, Smad3 Protein ... Bone Morphogenetic Protein-7 Antagonizes Myocardial Fibrosis Induced by Atrial Fibrillation by Restraining Transforming Growth ... 1Department of Emergency, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, Shaanxi, China ( ...

https://medscimonit.com/abstract/index/idArt/897560

Bone morphogenetic proteins * 1 Brain * 1 Brain Development * 1 Brain mapping ... GLP-1 Notch genes Caenorhabditis elegans Glucagon-like peptide 1 GABA Collection:. Neuroscience Theses and Dissertations ...

https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/collections/dissertation/?selected_facets=ir_collection_name%3ANeuroscience

Elucidating the role of bone morphogenetic proteins and b-lymphocyte maturation protein 1 during primordial germ cell ... Torrez Dulgeroff, Laughing Bear, "Elucidating the role of bone morphogenetic proteins and b-lymphocyte maturation protein 1 ...

https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/4165/

Erratum: N-myc Downstream-Regulated Gene 2 (NDRG2) Promotes Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 (BMP2)-Induced Osteoblastic ... Erratum: N-myc Downstream-Regulated Gene 2 (NDRG2) Promotes Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 (BMP2)-Induced Osteoblastic ... Forkhead Box Protein M1 Promotes Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cell Tumorigenesis Possibly via the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway ... Forkhead Box Protein M1 Promotes Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cell Tumorigenesis Possibly via the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway ...

https://medscimonit.com/archives/issue/idIssue/835315/pg/1

Osthole-mediated cell differentiation through bone morphogenetic protein-2/p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 ...

https://www.tcichemicals.com/TH/en/p/O0426

Bone morphogenetic protein-2 stimulates Runx2 acetylation.. 119. 21247344. 2011. High doses of bone morphogenetic protein 2 ... Bone morphogenetic protein antagonist gremlin 1 is widely expressed by cancer-associated stromal cells and can promote tumor ... Bone morphogenetic protein 2 functions via a conserved signaling pathway involving Wnt4 to regulate uterine decidualization in ... expression in human mesenchymal stem cells via the MAPK and protein kinase D signaling pathways.. 94. ...

https://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/gene/809/bmp2

"Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4" by people in this website by year, and whether "Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4" was a major or ... A bone morphogenetic protein that is a potent inducer of bone formation. It also functions as a regulator of MESODERM formation ... "Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH ( ... Masterson JC, Molloy EL, Gilbert JL, McCormack N, Adams A, ODea S. Bone morphogenetic protein signalling in airway epithelial ...

https://profiles.ucdenver.edu/display/219772

METHODS The first 10 consecutive patients treated with a minimum of 1 years follow-up were included in this series. The ... Keywords: minimally invasive; spondylolisthesis; interbody fusion; bone morphogenetic protein; expandable cage; endoscopy; ... After fusion site preparation, 2.1 mg of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2, Infuse, Medtronic Sofamor ... recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2; SF-36 = 36-Item Short Form Health Survey; TLIF = transforaminal lumbar ...

https://thejns.org/focus/view/journals/neurosurg-focus/40/2/article-pE13.xml

Animals , Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7/pharmacology , Cell Differentiation , Cells, Cultured , Collagen/pharmacology , Dental ... Bone morphogenetic protein 7 mediates stem cells migration and angiogenesis: therapeutic potential for endogenous pulp ... and bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) on human dental pulp stem cells (h-DPSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. ... and the protein expressions of CD9, CD63 and TSG101 of exosomes were positive, while the protein expression of β-actin of ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/gim/?lang=en&q=mh:%22Endothelial%20Cells%22

SMAD5 is activated through serine phosphorylationby BMP (bone morphogenetic proteins) type 1 receptor kinase. It is cytoplasmic ... immune Cyclic Nucleotide Dependent-Protein Kinase ?2B and Desk 1). shielded against CCl4-induced severe liver organ damage ... SMAD5 is a member of the Mothers Against Dpp (MAD)-related family of proteins. It is areceptor-regulated SMAD (R-SMAD), and ... immune Cyclic Nucleotide Dependent-Protein Kinase ?Alpelisib (PiqrayTM) is preferred to treat specific types of breasts cancer ...

http://www.immune-source.com/category/cyclic-nucleotide-dependent-protein-kinase/

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling controls hair pigmentation by means of cross-talk with the melanocortin receptor-1 ... However, the involvement of other signaling systems, including the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway, in the control of ... G-protein coupled receptors and their ligands, membrane proteins, structural proteins and enzymes. Many of the mutations have ... possibly influencing the biogenesis of secreted agouti protein or modulating protein-protein interactions that contribute to ...

http://smart.embl-heidelberg.de/smart/show_secondary.cgi?domain=Agouti

... a bone morphogenetic protein receptor critical for functional synapse expansion. In the visual system, loss of Tsc1 in the ... a bone morphogenetic protein receptor critical for functional synapse expansion. In the visual system, loss of Tsc1 in the ... a bone morphogenetic protein receptor critical for functional synapse expansion. In the visual system, loss of Tsc1 in the ... a bone morphogenetic protein receptor critical for functional synapse expansion. In the visual system, loss of Tsc1 in the ...

https://pennstate.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/mechanisms-of-tsc-mediated-control-of-synapse-assembly-and-axon-g

All the developed scaffolds showed a porous structure with pore sizes ideal for facilitating new bone growth; however, not all ... A novel porous three-dimensional bone scaffold was developed using a natural polymer (alginate/Alg) in combination with a ... "Prefabrication of bone by use of a vascularized periosteal flap and bone morphogenetic protein," Plastic and Reconstructive ... J. R. Porter, T. T. Ruckh, and K. C. Popat, "Bone tissue engineering: a review in bone biomimetics and drug delivery strategies ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2014/146723/

Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein- 2 is superior to demineralized bone matrix in repairing craniotomy in rats. (bvsalud.org)

Upon binding to their G-protein-coupled receptors on the leukocytes, chemokines stimulate the signaling events that cause cytoskeletal rearrangements involved in cell movement, and migration of the cells along chemokine gradients. (genscript.com)
EPO and TPO are essential for the proliferation and differentiation for erythroid and megakaryocytic lineages and might be involved in homing/migration to the bone marrow microenvironment by hematopoietic cells that express corresponding receptors [1] . (genscript.com)
[ 4 , 12 , 13 ] Both ENG and ALK-1 encode putative receptors for the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily that play a critical role for the proper development of the blood vessels. (medscape.com)
The MSHs and ACTH bind to the extracellular G-protein-coupled melanocortin receptors (MCR), of which there are five subtypes. (embl-heidelberg.de)
while others, such as the G-protein coupled receptors , cross as many as seven times. (ipfs.io)
[1] Hundreds of different receptors are known and many more have yet to be studied. (ipfs.io)
[2] [3] Many membrane receptors include transmembrane proteins . (ipfs.io)
In certain receptors, such as the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor , the transmembrane domain forms a protein pore through the membrane, or around the ion channel . (ipfs.io)

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) are potent growth factors belonging to the Transforming Growth Factor Beta superfamily. (genscript.com)
Smad proteins mediate the cellular effects of the TGF-β protein family, with BMPs and GDFs acting through Smad1, Smad5, and Smad8, whereas other members of the TGF-β family act through Smad2 and Smad3 [ 2 ]. (cdc.gov)
Because of BMPs' role in bone formation, they have been examined for their involvement in metastasis to the bone after breast cancer diagnosis and disease progression [ 11 ]. (cdc.gov)
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a group of growth factors and cytokines which are known for their ability to induce the formation of bone and cartilage and have now evoked interest among researchers in this field. (who.int)

Genetic testing of OWRD patients and their family members can confirm the presence of mutations within implicated genes, most commonly the endoglin gene ( ENG ) in chromosome 9 or the activin receptorlike kinase type I (ALK-1) gene ( ALK1 ) in chromosome 12 (involved in HHT type 1 and type 2, respectively). (medscape.com)
BMP-2 and insulin-like growth factor-I mediate Osterix (Osx) expression in human mesenchymal stem cells via the MAPK and protein kinase D signaling pathways. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
SMAD5 is activated through serine phosphorylationby BMP (bone morphogenetic proteins) type 1 receptor kinase. (immune-source.com)
Inhibiting Tor complex 1 with rapamycin or eliminating the Tor complex 1 effector, S6 kinase (S6k), did not rescue axon guidance abnormalities of Tsc1 mosaics, while reductions in Tor function suppressed those phenotypes. (elsevier.com)
Fanning S § , Xu W § , Beaurepaire C, Suhan J, Nantel A, Mitchell A * . Functional control of the Candida albicans cell wall by catalytic protein kinase A subunit Tpk1. (cmu.edu)
DUOXA1 knockdown (using a DUOXA1 shRNA construct) resulted in enhanced differentiation compared to cells subjected to a control shRNA and subjecting DUOXA1 overexpressing cells to siRNAs targeting DUOX1 or apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) rescued the PRKCA phenotype. (researchensemble.com)
We further show that a common regulator of apoptosis apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) is usually a downstream target of Balaglitazone DUOXA1-mediated H2O2 production and that knockdown of either DUOX1 or ASK1 rescues the DUOXA1 overexpression phenotype. (researchensemble.com)
Sequencing of mutations in the serine/threonine kinase domain of the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 gene causing pulmonary arterial hypertension. (edu.au)

Hydrogen peroxide-inducible clone-5 (Hic-5, or androgen receptor-associated protein 55) is a transforming growth factor-β-inducible LIM protein whose deregulation is implicated in the progression of prostate cancer. (nature.com)
Synapse growth produced by Rheb is insensitive to rapamycin, an inhibitor of Tor complex 1, and requires wishful thinking, a bone morphogenetic protein receptor critical for functional synapse expansion. (elsevier.com)
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist StemRegenin 1 promotes human plasmacytoid and myeloid dendritic cell development from CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells. (stemcell.com)
Here, we show that by inhibiting the aryl hydrocarbon receptor with its antagonist StemRegenin 1 (SR1), clinical-scale numbers of functional BDCA2(+)BDCA4(+) pDCs, BDCA1(+) mDCs, and BDCA3(+)DNGR1(+) mDCs can be efficiently generated from human CD34(+) HPCs. (stemcell.com)
Like any integral membrane protein, a transmembrane receptor may be divided into three domains. (ipfs.io)

Bone regeneration proteins showed initial burst of release. (uib.no)
Masterson JC, Molloy EL, Gilbert JL, McCormack N, Adams A, O'Dea S. Bone morphogenetic protein signalling in airway epithelial cells during regeneration. (ucdenver.edu)
Ideally, the scaffold should also provide sufficient structural integrity, high surface area for cell-material interaction while degrading in a rate proportional to the regeneration of new bone [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
The present study aimed to investigate whether the injection of parathyroid hormone (PTH) (1-34) could promote the regeneration and chondroprotection of 3D printed scaffold seeded with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in a canine total meniscal meniscectomy model. (researchsquare.com)
Bone morphogenetic proteins - Potential role in periodontal regeneration. (who.int)
The use of PRP in surgical practice could have beneficial outcomes, reducing bleeding and enhancing soft tissue healing and bone regeneration. (winchesteroralsurgerycenter.com)
This review suggests that the use of PRP in the alveolar socket after tooth extractions is certainly capable of improving soft tissue healing and positively influencing bone regeneration, but the latter effect seems to decrease a few days after the extraction. (winchesteroralsurgerycenter.com)

Release kinetics up to 21 days and their osteogenic potential on human bone marrow stromal cells after 7 and 21 days were studied. (uib.no)
Human bone marrow stromal cells were cultured on scaffolds physisorbed with 20 µg/mL and cultured in basal medium (DDM group) or physisorbed and cultured in osteogenic medium or cultured on non-functionalised scaffolds in osteogenic medium. (uib.no)
The human bone marrow stromal cells proliferated less in demineralised dentine matrix group and activated ERK/1/2 after both time points. (uib.no)
The functionalised scaffolds were able to stimulate osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells. (uib.no)
Cultured MSCs from mice bone marrow were transplanted to CCl4-induced liver injured mice model, individually as well as together with melatonin. (bvsalud.org)
I have helped develop a concentrated bone marrow aspirate ( Intraosseous BioPlasty , Arthrex) for the related indication of knee osteonecrosis. (medscape.com)
They can be extracted from a variety of sources, including bone marrow, adipose tissue, synovial membrane, umbilical cord blood, and peripheral blood. (medscape.com)
Death of bone marrow occurs within 6-12 hours after vascular insult. (medscape.com)
Developmental stage-specific effects of Pim-1 dysregulation on murine bone marrow B cell development. (uchicago.edu)
This osteoarthritis is often accompanied by a coinciding bone marrow lesion (BML) which has been shown to result in poorer patient outcomes. (faoj.org)
Although this technique has primarily been described in literature to treat bone marrow lesions (BMLs) in the knee joint, this technique has recently been applied to the foot and ankle with comparably successful outcomes. (faoj.org)
These abnormalities can be identified both histologically and on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as bone marrow lesions (BMLs) [4-7]. (faoj.org)

[ 5 ] In addition, growth factors including transforming growth factor beta, bone morphogenetic proteins, cartilage-derived morphogenetic protein 1, insulin-like growth factor I, platelet-derived growth factor, connective tissue growth factor, and myriad others also have been tried. (medscape.com)

Screw-Related Complications After Instrumentation of the Journal 2020, Vol. 10(1) 69-88. (neo-medical.com)

The precursor protein proopiomelanocortin (POMC) produces many biologically active peptides via a series of enzymatic steps in a tissue-specific manner, yielding the melanocyte-stimulating hormones (MSHs), corticotrophin (ACTH) and beta-endorphin. (embl-heidelberg.de)

As the variety of NCEs accepted in 2019 is normally based on the expectations predicated on prior years, the amount of Biologics could possibly be considered unsatisfactory following the figures registered in 2017 and 2018 [1] somewhat. (immune-source.com)

Bone morphogenetic protein binding peptide mechanism and enhancement of osteogenic protein-1 induced bone healing. (edu.sa)
Previous BBSRC funding has helped develop our Nanokick bioreactor for chemical-free supply of osteogenic, bone forming, cells. (ukri.org)

Distraction resulted in gene expression up-regulation of collagen 1 (5.4-fold), collagen 2 (5.5-fold), biglycan (7.7-fold), and decorin (3.4-fold), while expression of fibromodulin (0.16-fold), tissue-inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (0.05-fold), and BMP-2 (0.15-fold) was decreased, as compared with 56 days compression. (nih.gov)
Proteinases of the bone morphogenetic protein-1 family convert procollagen VII to mature anchoring fibril collagen. (mpg.de)
Cells on DDM group showed highest expression of IL-6 and IL-8 at 7 days and expressed higher collagen type 1 alpha 2, SPP1 and bone morphogenetic protein-2 until 21 days. (uib.no)
Extracellular protein revealed higher collagen type 1 and bone morphogenetic protein-2 at 21 days in demineralised dentine matrix group. (uib.no)
The levels of C-Col10, C2M (matrix metalloproteinase-derived fragments of type II collagen) and hsCRP (high sensitive C-reactive protein) were quantified by ELISAs in serum of 271 OA patients stratified by Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) score 0-4. (biomedcentral.com)
Type X collagen (ColX) is a well-established marker for hypertrophic chondrocytes differentiation, which is a non-fibrillar collagen consisting of three identical alpha 1 chains. (biomedcentral.com)
H&E stained histologic section of healthy IVD demonstrating a distinct boarder between the proteoglycan-rich nucleus pulposus (NP) and the organized type 1 collagen-rich lamellae of the annulus fibrosus (AF). (wheelessonline.com)

Bone morphogenetic protein 2 functions via a conserved signaling pathway involving Wnt4 to regulate uterine decidualization in the mouse and the human. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix remodeling and is involved in angiogenesis and inflammatory response [ 1 ]. (cdc.gov)
Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate: Increased burden of rare variants within Gremlin-1, a component of the bone morphogenetic protein 4 pathway. (cdc.gov)
Regardless of the particular lineage pathway involved, differentiated human ES cells downregulate sirtuin 1, a histone deacetylase. (silverchair.com)

The off leader of this four-horse hitch recovered from a fractured splint bone following treatment at the University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine and will be leading the first six-horse hitch to pull the Wells Fargo Stagecoach in the 2018 Rose Bowl Parade in Pasadena, California next weekend. (blogspot.com)

Moreover, silencing of Hic-5 in PC3 cells as well as in the WPMY-1 human prostate stroma cell line greatly enhances the levels of endogenous phospho-Smad1/5/8. (nature.com)
2005). Expression of bone morphogenetic proteins in human metastatic prostate and breast cancer. (nature.com)
Human β-defensin 1 update: potential clinical applications of the restless warrior. (genscript.com)
IL-1β increased BMP-2 mRNA levels 6- and 3-fold in isolated islets of Langerhans from neonatal rat and human. (ku.dk)
To date, a role for agouti signalling protein (ASIP) in human pigmentation has not been well characterized. (embl-heidelberg.de)
The molecular weight of each alpha 1 chain is 64 kDa of human ColX, of which triple helix domain is 42 kDa [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Klapholz-Brown Z, Walmsley GG, Nusse YM, Nusse R, Brown PO "Transcriptional program induced by wnt protein in human fibroblasts suggests mechanisms for cell cooperativity in defining tissue microenvironments. (openwetware.org)

1B market emerging for engineered bone graft, including products containing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). (ukri.org)

Bone morphogenetic protein-6 expression in normal and malignant prostate. (nature.com)
An animal model of degeneration was used to determine the effects of disc distraction, and was evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as well as gene and protein expression levels. (nih.gov)
Distraction results in disc rehydration, stimulated extracellular matrix gene expression, and increased numbers of protein-expressing cells. (nih.gov)
In this study, we describe that IL-1β and IFN-γ induce the expression of BMP-2 suggesting a possible role for BMP-2 in mediating the effects of IL-1β and IFN-γ on beta-cell apoptosis and dysfunction. (ku.dk)
NF-kappaB blockade upregulate s Bax , TSP-1 , and TSP-2 expression in rat granulation tissue. (edu.sa)
Quantification of HSV-1-mediated expression of the ferritin MRI reporter in the mouse brain. (cmu.edu)
Decreased expression of cytoplasmic ribosomal proteins and increased expression of mitochondrial ribosomal proteins were observed in both the tumor epithelium and the stroma. (biomedcentral.com)
Expression of PIM1 protein in chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma. (uchicago.edu)
We completed expression profiling from the Ha sido cells in triplicate at five period factors (every 24 hrs: time 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) after drawback of Tet in ZHTc6 Ha sido cells (for overexpression of Oct3/4) or after addition of Tet in ZHBTc4 Ha sido cells (for repression of Oct3/4) utilizing a 22K 60-mer oligonucleotide microarray [35] (Amount 1A). (bio2009.org)
In ZHBTc4 cells, the expression level immediately fell was and 5-fold maintained from day 1 after adding Tet. (bio2009.org)

Found either as natural or synthetic polymers as well as degradable or nondegradable, this interesting group of materials forms a category of substitutes that differ from others [ 1 ] and by far the widest group of existing graft substitute materials. (hindawi.com)
The relationship between bone graft technique and postoperative outcomes for minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS TLIF) has not been well-defined. (koreamed.org)

Bone morphogenetic protein antagonist gremlin 1 is widely expressed by cancer-associated stromal cells and can promote tumor cell proliferation. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
These two paths converge to provide us with some historical evidence to back recent scientific discoveries in the dynamic regulation of skin pigmentation, focusing on melanocyte-stimulating hormone and its natural antagonist agouti-signaling protein. (embl-heidelberg.de)
The ratio of these two pigments is determined by the agonist alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone and the antagonist Agouti protein acting on the Mc1r. (embl-heidelberg.de)

Gamalinda M † , Jakovljevic J, Babiano R, Talkish J † , de la Cruz J, Woolford JL Jr * . Yeast polypeptide exit tunnel ribosomal proteins L17, L35 and L37 are necessary to recruit late-assembling factors required for 27SB pre-rRNA processing. (cmu.edu)
Jakovljevic J, Ohmayer U, Gamalinda M † , Talkish J † , Alexander L, Linnemann J, Milkereit P, Woolford JL Jr * . Ribosomal proteins L7 and L8 function in concert with six A₃ assembly factors to propagate assembly of domains I and II of 25S rRNA in yeast 60S ribosomal subunits. (cmu.edu)

2. Debate Ten Biologics had been accepted in 2019 as proven in Desk 1, which three had been ADCs, five monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), and two proteinsone a fusion proteins and one a neurotoxin (Desk 1). (immune-source.com)
Production and characterization of monoclonal anti-sphingosine-1-phosphate antibodies. (edu.sa)

While it plays important roles in embryo morphogenesis and organogenesis, BMP2 is also critical to bone and cartilage formation. (ualg.pt)
Protein structure and function have been remarkably conserved throughout evolution and BMP2 transcription has been proposed to be tightly regulated, although few data is available. (ualg.pt)
In silico analysis of seabream BMP2 promoter revealed several binding sites for bone and cartilage related transcription factors (TFs) and their functionality was evaluated using promoter-luciferase constructions and TF-expressing vectors. (ualg.pt)
Finally, v-ets avian erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog 1 (ETS1) was able to slightly enhance BMP2 transcription. (ualg.pt)
Data reported here provides new insights toward the better understanding of the transcriptional regulation of BMP2 gene in a bone and cartilage context. (ualg.pt)

Depending on the cell type, chemokines also induce many other types of cellular responses including those related to defense mechanisms, cell proliferation, survival, and development [1][2] . (genscript.com)
High doses of bone morphogenetic protein 2 induce structurally abnormal bone and inflammation in vivo. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)

A polymorphism in the agouti signalling protein (ASIP) is associated with decreased levels of mRNA. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Alternative splicing of MRNA for bone morphogenetic protein 1 results in the production of several PROTEIN ISOFORMS . (bvsalud.org)

As of January 1, 2022, Oncotarget has shifted to a continuous publishing model. (oncotarget.com)
Association of dietary intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids with breast cancer risk in pre- and postmenopausal Chinese women - Menopause 2022 Jul 26 - 'Higher intake of marine n-3 PUFAs and total n-3 PUFAs was associated with lower risk of breast cancer, with adjusted OR quartile 4 v.1 (95% confidence intervals) of 0.68 (0.55-0.84) and 0.56 (0.42-0.75), respectively. (qualitycounts.com)
Higher efficacy of resveratrol against advanced breast cancer organoids: A comparison with that of clinically relevant drugs - Phytother Res 2022 Jun 1 - 'The lack of reliable drugs is a therapeutic challenge of advanced breast cancers (ABCs). (qualitycounts.com)

Amount 1 Global gene appearance evaluation of manipulated Ha sido cells. (bio2009.org)

Here, we developed a chemically defined, scalable, and reproducible specification protocol with bone morphogenetic protein 4, prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2), and StemRegenin 1 (SR1) for hematopoietic differentiation of Mn iPSCs. (stemcell.com)
The next step in designing this intracellular differentiation circuit is to solve eq. (1), eq. (2), and eq. (3). (medium.com)

Bone morphogenetic protein in spine surgery: current and future uses. (genscript.com)
1. Life Spine receives FDA clearance for cervical spacer system Life Spine announced in an April 19 press release that it has received FDA 510(k) clearance for its Plateau-C Ti Cervical Spacer System. (drugdeliverybusiness.com)
Spine 2009 Jun 1;34(13):1422-8. (neo-medical.com)

The RUNX transcription factors also have been proposed as influencing survival, with RUNX2 being highly expressed in cell lines that are metastatic to bone. (cdc.gov)

Metallothionein (MT) family is a class of low molecular mass, intracellular, cysteine-rich proteins with a high affinity to metals. (oncotarget.com)
Prior to ligand binding, the extracellular protein loses flexibility while the intracellular portion gains it. (ipfs.io)
The intracellular domain communicates via protein-protein interactions against effector proteins , which in turn pass a signal to the destination. (ipfs.io)

2007). Bone morphogenetic proteins and prostate cancer: evolving complexities. (nature.com)
Shola DT, Wang H, Wahdan-Alaswad R, Danielpour D. Hic-5 controls BMP4 responses in prostate cancer cells through interacting with Smads 1, 5 and 8. (ucdenver.edu)
Wahdan-Alaswad RS, Song K, Krebs TL, Shola DT, Gomez JA, Matsuyama S, Danielpour D. Insulin-like growth factor I suppresses bone morphogenetic protein signaling in prostate cancer cells by activating mTOR signaling. (ucdenver.edu)

Cytokines are immunoactive proteins that act as humoral regulators modulating functional activities of individual cells and tissues at nanomolar to picomolar concentrations under normal or pathological conditions. (genscript.com)
The proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) play important roles in the progressive loss of beta-cell mass and function during development of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. (ku.dk)
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 2 belongs to the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily of cytokines and growth factors. (ualg.pt)

and matrix-regulative genes, including matrix metalloproteinase-13, tissue-inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1, and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2. (nih.gov)
This action often results in the egg-box model that displays sufficient porosity and pore size ideal as a bone tissue scaffolding material. (hindawi.com)
9 ] and others [ 10 , 11 ] have shown the potential use of the cockle shell based calcium carbonate powder as a source of biomineral for bone tissue applications. (hindawi.com)
Our results demonstrated that PTH (1-34) promotes the regenerative and chondroprotective effects of the BMSCs-3D printed meniscal scaffold in a canine model, and thus their combination could be a promising strategy for meniscus tissue engineering. (researchsquare.com)

A bone morphogenetic protein that is a potent inducer of bone formation. (ucdenver.edu)

Purpose To investigate the effect of 18 months' parathyroid hormone 1-84 (PTH 1-84) treatment on serum levels of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in postmenopausal women with established osteoporosis.Methods Thirty-seven postmenopausal women with osteoporosis (mean age 72.9 +/- 8.1 years old) and 23 healthy controls (mean age 68.9 +/- 9.9 years old) were enrolled. (unicatt.it)

Desk 1 Biologics accepted by the FDA in 2019 [1,5,6]. (immune-source.com)
Birth defects research 2019 01 111 (1): 16-25. (cdc.gov)
Fetal and pediatric pathology 2019 Oct 1-13. (cdc.gov)

GenScript's quality system is registered to the ISO 13485:2016 standard for the design, development, manufacture and distribution of the proteins used for in-vitro diagnostic medical devices to detect infection and markers related to inflammatory diseases, tumors, cardiac disease, and reproductive disorders. (genscript.com)
2016 Jan;26(1):21-6. (neo-medical.com)

Background Dual oxidase maturation aspect 1 (DUOXA1) has been associated with the maturation of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) producing enzyme dual oxidase 1 (DUOX1) in the adult thyroid. (researchensemble.com)
The use of PRP has also been proposed in the management of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) with the aim of enhancing wound healing and bone maturation. (winchesteroralsurgerycenter.com)

The metalloproteinase activity of bone morphogenetic protein 1 is specific for the removal of the C-propeptide of PROCOLLAGEN and may act as a regulator of EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX deposition. (bvsalud.org)

The specificity of the antibody was verified by overexpressing full length DUOXA1 in 293T cells and by immunostaining performed on main myoblasts in the absence or presence of the antigenic peptide (Additional file 1 Physique S1A-D). The Balaglitazone antibody was also verified using the immortalized C2C12 myoblast cell collection (Additional file 1 Physique S1E). (researchensemble.com)

Subchondroplasty® (SCP) (Zimmer Knee Creations, West Chester, PA) is a surgical system, developed in 2007, in which flowable bone substitute material (BSM) is injected into subchondral bone in order to fill a defect. (faoj.org)
The procedure acts to support the subchondral bone layer by providing a scaffold over which new, healthier osteochondral elements may be produced [1]. (faoj.org)
Within joints, the subchondral bone layer is a supporting structure for the overlying articular cartilage. (faoj.org)
Subchondral bone is an underappreciated, yet vital component to the function of each osteochondral unit and overall joint health [2]. (faoj.org)
Bone metabolism is dynamic, in concert with Wolff's law, and a normal subchondral bone plate displays the same capacity to increase in thickness according to physiologic loading [3]. (faoj.org)
In osteoarthritis, this typically dynamic nature of the subchondral bone plate is disrupted. (faoj.org)
Increased and imbalanced dispersion of joint forces, combined with a concentration of stresses and synovial fluid infiltration into the subchondral bone, can lead to reduced healing capacity and abnormalities within the underlying cancellous bone. (faoj.org)

1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany. (nih.gov)

Differential proinflammatory and prooxidant effects of bone morphogenetic protein-4 in coronary and pulmonary arterial endothelial cells. (nature.com)

Antibodies to encephalitogenic basic protein in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. (jns-journal.com)

2021 , p. 1-8 8 p. , 9996071. (uandes.cl)

This type of CT scanner uses a special type of technology to generate three-dimensional (3-D) images of dental structures, soft tissues, nerve paths, and bone in the craniofacial region in a single scan. (winchesteroralsurgerycenter.com)

A novel porous three-dimensional bone scaffold was developed using a natural polymer (alginate/Alg) in combination with a naturally obtained biomineral (nano cockle shell powder/nCP) through lyophilization techniques. (hindawi.com)
A scaffold fabricated for the intentions of being used as a bone substitute material should be produced from a highly biocompatible material with adequate physical and mechanical properties without eliciting an immunological or clinically detectable foreign body reaction [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)

Two quantifiable measurements determined prior to the investigation of this study are: diffusion coefficient constant of 1.2 m2/sand its effective degradation rate as kR = 5.4*10-5s-1. (medium.com)

Vascular calcification occurs in both the intima and the media of arteries, and there is evidence that these two sites of calcification are distinct entities (table 1 ). (bmj.com)
Sickle cell anemia results in bone death secondary to the sickling process and subsequent vascular occlusion. (medscape.com)

The cytokine family consists mainly of small, water-soluble proteins and glycoproteins with a molecular mass between 8 and 30 kDa. (genscript.com)
Using RACE, they obtained a full-length cDNA encoding a predicted 152-amino acid protein with a calculated molecular mass of 17 kD. (jetaninchina.com)

These proteins are secreted by immune cells and include interleukins, interferons and certain growth factors. (genscript.com)
We have recently showed that bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 and -4 are expressed in pancreatic islets and inhibit beta-cell growth and function. (ku.dk)
The three categories of changes examined include (a) immune-related molecules, (b) neurotrophins, growth factors and structural proteins, and (c) molecules associated with metabolism, signaling and regulation. (jns-journal.com)

Sequential coculture with bone morphogenetic protein 4, PGE2, and SR1 led to robust Mn iPSC hematopoietic progenitor cell formation. (stemcell.com)

Anatomy57

Organisms11

Diseases16

Chemicals and Drugs102

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment19

Phenomena and Processes49

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science3

The mammalian Tolloid-like 1 gene, Tll1, is necessary for normal septation and positioning of the heart. (1/124)

Bone morphogenetic protein 1 regulates dorsal-ventral patterning in early Xenopus embryos by degrading chordin, a BMP4 antagonist. (2/124)

Mammalian BMP-1/Tolloid-related metalloproteinases, including novel family member mammalian Tolloid-like 2, have differential enzymatic activities and distributions of expression relevant to patterning and skeletogenesis. (3/124)

Expression of chick BMP-1/Tolloid during patterning of the neural tube and somites. (4/124)

Bone morphogenetic protein 1 is an extracellular processing enzyme of the laminin 5 gamma 2 chain. (5/124)

Profiling of genes which are differentially expressed in mouse liver in response to adenoviral vectors and delivered genes. (6/124)

Is chordin a long-range- or short-range-acting factor? Roles for BMP1-related metalloproteases in chordin and BMP4 autofeedback loop regulation. (7/124)

Bone morphogenetic protein-1 processes probiglycan. (8/124)

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7

Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type I

Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 6

Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type II

Bone and Bones

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 5

Smad1 Protein

Smad Proteins

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 3

Smad5 Protein

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 1

Transforming Growth Factor beta

Bone Remodeling

Smad6 Protein

Smad8 Protein

Signal Transduction

Osteogenesis

Growth Differentiation Factor 2

Cell Differentiation

Osteoblasts

Bone Regeneration

Bone Density

Receptors, Growth Factor

Growth Differentiation Factors

Growth Differentiation Factor 5

Bone Development

Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental

Growth Differentiation Factor 9

Bone Matrix

Bone Resorption

Activin Receptors, Type I

Growth Differentiation Factor 6

Activins

Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins

Smad4 Protein

Bone Neoplasms

Activin Receptors, Type II

Cells, Cultured

Bone Marrow

Bone Diseases

Bone Marrow Cells

Follistatin

Body Patterning

Mesoderm

Activin Receptors

Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 1

Carrier Proteins

Smad Proteins, Receptor-Regulated

In Situ Hybridization

Alkaline Phosphatase

Tolloid-Like Metalloproteinases

Trans-Activators

Bone Transplantation

MSX1 Transcription Factor

Proteins

Xenopus Proteins

Ossification, Heterotopic

Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit

Chondrogenesis

Stem Cells

RNA, Messenger

Calcification, Physiologic

Hypertension, Pulmonary

Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

Myositis Ossificans

Smad7 Protein

Hedgehog Proteins

Bone Substitutes

Wnt Proteins

Hepcidins

Chondrocytes

Homeodomain Proteins

Osteocalcin

Chick Embryo

Cell Proliferation