Bone marrow purging. Medical search

The soft tissue filling the cavities of bones. Bone marrow exists in two types, yellow and red. Yellow marrow is found in the large cavities of large bones and consists mostly of fat cells and a few primitive blood cells. Red marrow is a hematopoietic tissue and is the site of production of erythrocytes and granular leukocytes. Bone marrow is made up of a framework of connective tissue containing branching fibers with the frame being filled with marrow cells.

Cells contained in the bone marrow including fat cells (see ADIPOCYTES); STROMAL CELLS; MEGAKARYOCYTES; and the immediate precursors of most blood cells.

The transference of BONE MARROW from one human or animal to another for a variety of purposes including HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION or MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION.

A specialized CONNECTIVE TISSUE that is the main constituent of the SKELETON. The principle cellular component of bone is comprised of OSTEOBLASTS; OSTEOCYTES; and OSTEOCLASTS, while FIBRILLAR COLLAGENS and hydroxyapatite crystals form the BONE MATRIX.

The continuous turnover of BONE MATRIX and mineral that involves first an increase in BONE RESORPTION (osteoclastic activity) and later, reactive BONE FORMATION (osteoblastic activity). The process of bone remodeling takes place in the adult skeleton at discrete foci. The process ensures the mechanical integrity of the skeleton throughout life and plays an important role in calcium HOMEOSTASIS. An imbalance in the regulation of bone remodeling's two contrasting events, bone resorption and bone formation, results in many of the metabolic bone diseases, such as OSTEOPOROSIS.

Removal of bone marrow and evaluation of its histologic picture.

Neoplasms located in the bone marrow. They are differentiated from neoplasms composed of bone marrow cells, such as MULTIPLE MYELOMA. Most bone marrow neoplasms are metastatic.

Progenitor cells from which all blood cells derive.

The amount of mineral per square centimeter of BONE. This is the definition used in clinical practice. Actual bone density would be expressed in grams per milliliter. It is most frequently measured by X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY or TOMOGRAPHY, X RAY COMPUTED. Bone density is an important predictor for OSTEOPOROSIS.

Bone loss due to osteoclastic activity.

Techniques for the removal of subpopulations of cells (usually residual tumor cells) from the bone marrow ex vivo before it is infused. The purging is achieved by a variety of agents including pharmacologic agents, biophysical agents (laser photoirradiation or radioisotopes) and immunologic agents. Bone marrow purging is used in both autologous and allogeneic BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION.

The development and formation of various types of BLOOD CELLS. Hematopoiesis can take place in the BONE MARROW (medullary) or outside the bone marrow (HEMATOPOIESIS, EXTRAMEDULLARY).

Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.

Transplantation between individuals of the same species. Usually refers to genetically disparate individuals in contradistinction to isogeneic transplantation for genetically identical individuals.

The growth and development of bones from fetus to adult. It includes two principal mechanisms of bone growth: growth in length of long bones at the epiphyseal cartilages and growth in thickness by depositing new bone (OSTEOGENESIS) with the actions of OSTEOBLASTS and OSTEOCLASTS.

Diseases of BONES.

A cytologic technique for measuring the functional capacity of stem cells by assaying their activity.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

Renewal or repair of lost bone tissue. It excludes BONY CALLUS formed after BONE FRACTURES but not yet replaced by hard bone.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Irradiation of the whole body with ionizing or non-ionizing radiation. It is applicable to humans or animals but not to microorganisms.

Transplantation of an individual's own tissue from one site to another site.

An organism whose body contains cell populations of different genotypes as a result of the TRANSPLANTATION of donor cells after sufficient ionizing radiation to destroy the mature recipient's cells which would otherwise reject the donor cells.

Connective tissue cells of an organ found in the loose connective tissue. These are most often associated with the uterine mucosa and the ovary as well as the hematopoietic system and elsewhere.

The clinical entity characterized by anorexia, diarrhea, loss of hair, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, growth retardation, and eventual death brought about by the GRAFT VS HOST REACTION.

A form of anemia in which the bone marrow fails to produce adequate numbers of peripheral blood elements.

The process of bone formation. Histogenesis of bone including ossification.

Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.

A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)

Extracellular substance of bone tissue consisting of COLLAGEN fibers, ground substance, and inorganic crystalline minerals and salts.

The grafting of bone from a donor site to a recipient site.

Glycoproteins found on immature hematopoietic cells and endothelial cells. They are the only molecules to date whose expression within the blood system is restricted to a small number of progenitor cells in the bone marrow.

Leukocytes with abundant granules in the cytoplasm. They are divided into three groups according to the staining properties of the granules: neutrophilic, eosinophilic, and basophilic. Mature granulocytes are the NEUTROPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and BASOPHILS.

An encapsulated lymphatic organ through which venous blood filters.

Bone-forming cells which secrete an EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX. HYDROXYAPATITE crystals are then deposited into the matrix to form bone.

A large multinuclear cell associated with the BONE RESORPTION. An odontoclast, also called cementoclast, is cytomorphologically the same as an osteoclast and is involved in CEMENTUM resorption.

Transfer of HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS from BONE MARROW or BLOOD between individuals within the same species (TRANSPLANTATION, HOMOLOGOUS) or transfer within the same individual (TRANSPLANTATION, AUTOLOGOUS). Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has been used as an alternative to BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION in the treatment of a variety of neoplasms.

An organism that, as a result of transplantation of donor tissue or cells, consists of two or more cell lines descended from at least two zygotes. This state may result in the induction of donor-specific TRANSPLANTATION TOLERANCE.

A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.

Deficiency of all three cell elements of the blood, erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets.

Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Synthetic or natural materials for the replacement of bones or bone tissue. They include hard tissue replacement polymers, natural coral, hydroxyapatite, beta-tricalcium phosphate, and various other biomaterials. The bone substitutes as inert materials can be incorporated into surrounding tissue or gradually replaced by original tissue.

Very large BONE MARROW CELLS which release mature BLOOD PLATELETS.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

Relatively undifferentiated cells that retain the ability to divide and proliferate throughout postnatal life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.

The developmental history of specific differentiated cell types as traced back to the original STEM CELLS in the embryo.

Clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by dysplasia in one or more hematopoietic cell lineages. They predominantly affect patients over 60, are considered preleukemic conditions, and have high probability of transformation into ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA.

The longest and largest bone of the skeleton, it is situated between the hip and the knee.

Process of classifying cells of the immune system based on structural and functional differences. The process is commonly used to analyze and sort T-lymphocytes into subsets based on CD antigens by the technique of flow cytometry.

A glycoprotein of MW 25 kDa containing internal disulfide bonds. It induces the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of neutrophilic granulocyte precursor cells and functionally activates mature blood neutrophils. Among the family of colony-stimulating factors, G-CSF is the most potent inducer of terminal differentiation to granulocytes and macrophages of leukemic myeloid cell lines.

Breaks in bones.

Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.

Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites.

The survival of a graft in a host, the factors responsible for the survival and the changes occurring within the graft during growth in the host.

Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

Bone-growth regulatory factors that are members of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily of proteins. They are synthesized as large precursor molecules which are cleaved by proteolytic enzymes. The active form can consist of a dimer of two identical proteins or a heterodimer of two related bone morphogenetic proteins.

Precursor of an alkylating nitrogen mustard antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent that must be activated in the LIVER to form the active aldophosphamide. It has been used in the treatment of LYMPHOMA and LEUKEMIA. Its side effect, ALOPECIA, has been used for defleecing sheep. Cyclophosphamide may also cause sterility, birth defects, mutations, and cancer.

A potent osteoinductive protein that plays a critical role in the differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells into OSTEOBLASTS.

Bone-marrow-derived, non-hematopoietic cells that support HEMATOPOETIC STEM CELLS. They have also been isolated from other organs and tissues such as UMBILICAL CORD BLOOD, umbilical vein subendothelium, and WHARTON JELLY. These cells are considered to be a source of multipotent stem cells because they include subpopulations of mesenchymal stem cells.

The cells found in the body fluid circulating throughout the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.

Differentiation antigens residing on mammalian leukocytes. CD stands for cluster of differentiation, which refers to groups of monoclonal antibodies that show similar reactivity with certain subpopulations of antigens of a particular lineage or differentiation stage. The subpopulations of antigens are also known by the same CD designation.

The number of WHITE BLOOD CELLS per unit volume in venous BLOOD. A differential leukocyte count measures the relative numbers of the different types of white cells.

The number of CELLS of a specific kind, usually measured per unit volume or area of sample.

The production of red blood cells (ERYTHROCYTES). In humans, erythrocytes are produced by the YOLK SAC in the first trimester; by the liver in the second trimester; by the BONE MARROW in the third trimester and after birth. In normal individuals, the erythrocyte count in the peripheral blood remains relatively constant implying a balance between the rate of erythrocyte production and rate of destruction.

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

The number of LEUKOCYTES and ERYTHROCYTES per unit volume in a sample of venous BLOOD. A complete blood count (CBC) also includes measurement of the HEMOGLOBIN; HEMATOCRIT; and ERYTHROCYTE INDICES.

A single, unpaired primary lymphoid organ situated in the MEDIASTINUM, extending superiorly into the neck to the lower edge of the THYROID GLAND and inferiorly to the fourth costal cartilage. It is necessary for normal development of immunologic function early in life. By puberty, it begins to involute and much of the tissue is replaced by fat.

A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias.

A de novo myeloproliferation arising from an abnormal stem cell. It is characterized by the replacement of bone marrow by fibrous tissue, a process that is mediated by CYTOKINES arising from the abnormal clone.

Clonal hematopoetic disorder caused by an acquired genetic defect in PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS. It starts in MYELOID CELLS of the bone marrow, invades the blood and then other organs. The condition progresses from a stable, more indolent, chronic phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, CHRONIC PHASE) lasting up to 7 years, to an advanced phase composed of an accelerated phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, ACCELERATED PHASE) and BLAST CRISIS.

An alkylating agent having a selective immunosuppressive effect on BONE MARROW. It has been used in the palliative treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (MYELOID LEUKEMIA, CHRONIC), but although symptomatic relief is provided, no permanent remission is brought about. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), busulfan is listed as a known carcinogen.

An individual that contains cell populations derived from different zygotes.

The second longest bone of the skeleton. It is located on the medial side of the lower leg, articulating with the FIBULA laterally, the TALUS distally, and the FEMUR proximally.

Individuals supplying living tissue, organs, cells, blood or blood components for transfer or transplantation to histocompatible recipients.

Preparative treatment of transplant recipient with various conditioning regimens including radiation, immune sera, chemotherapy, and/or immunosuppressive agents, prior to transplantation. Transplantation conditioning is very common before bone marrow transplantation.

The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

Benign unilocular lytic areas in the proximal end of a long bone with well defined and narrow endosteal margins. The cysts contain fluid and the cyst walls may contain some giant cells. Bone cysts usually occur in males between the ages 3-15 years.

Specialized forms of antibody-producing B-LYMPHOCYTES. They synthesize and secrete immunoglobulin. They are found only in lymphoid organs and at sites of immune responses and normally do not circulate in the blood or lymph. (Rosen et al., Dictionary of Immunology, 1989, p169 & Abbas et al., Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 2d ed, p20)

An acidic glycoprotein of MW 23 kDa with internal disulfide bonds. The protein is produced in response to a number of inflammatory mediators by mesenchymal cells present in the hemopoietic environment and at peripheral sites of inflammation. GM-CSF is able to stimulate the production of neutrophilic granulocytes, macrophages, and mixed granulocyte-macrophage colonies from bone marrow cells and can stimulate the formation of eosinophil colonies from fetal liver progenitor cells. GM-CSF can also stimulate some functional activities in mature granulocytes and macrophages.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations, or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. All animals within an inbred strain trace back to a common ancestor in the twentieth generation.

Glycoproteins found in a subfraction of normal mammalian plasma and urine. They stimulate the proliferation of bone marrow cells in agar cultures and the formation of colonies of granulocytes and/or macrophages. The factors include INTERLEUKIN-3; (IL-3); GRANULOCYTE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; (G-CSF); MACROPHAGE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; (M-CSF); and GRANULOCYTE-MACROPHAGE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; (GM-CSF).

Identification of the major histocompatibility antigens of transplant DONORS and potential recipients, usually by serological tests. Donor and recipient pairs should be of identical ABO blood group, and in addition should be matched as closely as possible for HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in order to minimize the likelihood of allograft rejection. (King, Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Transfer of MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS between individuals within the same species (TRANSPLANTATION, HOMOLOGOUS) or transfer within the same individual (TRANSPLANTATION, AUTOLOGOUS).

Transplantation between genetically identical individuals, i.e., members of the same species with identical histocompatibility antigens, such as monozygotic twins, members of the same inbred strain, or members of a hybrid population produced by crossing certain inbred strains.

All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION.

A CXC chemokine that is chemotactic for T-LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES. It has specificity for CXCR4 RECEPTORS. Two isoforms of CXCL12 are produced by alternative mRNA splicing.

Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

The degree of antigenic similarity between the tissues of different individuals, which determines the acceptance or rejection of allografts.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

The movement of cells from one location to another. Distinguish from CYTOKINESIS which is the process of dividing the CYTOPLASM of a cell.

Formation of LYMPHOCYTES and PLASMA CELLS from the lymphoid stem cells which develop from the pluripotent HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS in the BONE MARROW. These lymphoid stem cells differentiate into T-LYMPHOCYTES; B-LYMPHOCYTES; PLASMA CELLS; or NK-cells (KILLER CELLS, NATURAL) depending on the organ or tissues (LYMPHOID TISSUE) to which they migrate.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.1.

Either of a pair of compound bones forming the lateral (left and right) surfaces and base of the skull which contains the organs of hearing. It is a large bone formed by the fusion of parts: the squamous (the flattened anterior-superior part), the tympanic (the curved anterior-inferior part), the mastoid (the irregular posterior portion), and the petrous (the part at the base of the skull).

The treatment of a disease or condition by several different means simultaneously or sequentially. Chemoimmunotherapy, RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY, chemoradiotherapy, cryochemotherapy, and SALVAGE THERAPY are seen most frequently, but their combinations with each other and surgery are also used.

A group of genetically identical cells all descended from a single common ancestral cell by mitosis in eukaryotes or by binary fission in prokaryotes. Clone cells also include populations of recombinant DNA molecules all carrying the same inserted sequence. (From King & Stansfield, Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Lymphoid cells concerned with humoral immunity. They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived lymphocytes of birds in their production of immunoglobulin upon appropriate stimulation.

Therapeutic act or process that initiates a response to a complete or partial remission level.

Process by which organic tissue becomes hardened by the physiologic deposit of calcium salts.

Disease having a short and relatively severe course.

The release of stem cells from the bone marrow into the peripheral blood circulation for the purpose of leukapheresis, prior to stem cell transplantation. Hematopoietic growth factors or chemotherapeutic agents often are used to stimulate the mobilization.

Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.

A technique of culturing mixed cell types in vitro to allow their synergistic or antagonistic interactions, such as on CELL DIFFERENTIATION or APOPTOSIS. Coculture can be of different types of cells, tissues, or organs from normal or disease states.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

One of a pair of irregularly shaped quadrilateral bones situated between the FRONTAL BONE and OCCIPITAL BONE, which together form the sides of the CRANIUM.

White blood cells formed in the body's lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin while the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. Most lymphocytes can be classified as either T or B (with subpopulations of each), or NATURAL KILLER CELLS.

Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

The cells in the erythroid series derived from MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS or from the bi-potential MEGAKARYOCYTE-ERYTHROID PROGENITOR CELLS which eventually give rise to mature RED BLOOD CELLS. The erythroid progenitor cells develop in two phases: erythroid burst-forming units (BFU-E) followed by erythroid colony-forming units (CFU-E); BFU-E differentiate into CFU-E on stimulation by ERYTHROPOIETIN, and then further differentiate into ERYTHROBLASTS when stimulated by other factors.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

A hematopoietic growth factor and the ligand of the cell surface c-kit protein (PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-KIT). It is expressed during embryogenesis and is a growth factor for a number of cell types including the MAST CELLS and the MELANOCYTES in addition to the HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS.

The return of a sign, symptom, or disease after a remission.

The largest of three bones that make up each half of the pelvic girdle.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability.

A transmembrane protein belonging to the tumor necrosis factor superfamily that specifically binds RECEPTOR ACTIVATOR OF NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPA B and OSTEOPROTEGERIN. It plays an important role in regulating OSTEOCLAST differentiation and activation.

A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.

Immunosuppression by reduction of circulating lymphocytes or by T-cell depletion of bone marrow. The former may be accomplished in vivo by thoracic duct drainage or administration of antilymphocyte serum. The latter is performed ex vivo on bone marrow before its transplantation.

High-molecular weight glycoproteins uniquely expressed on the surface of LEUKOCYTES and their hemopoietic progenitors. They contain a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine phosphatase activity which plays a role in intracellular signaling from the CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. The CD45 antigens occur as multiple isoforms that result from alternative mRNA splicing and differential usage of three exons.

Vitamin K-dependent calcium-binding protein synthesized by OSTEOBLASTS and found primarily in BONES. Serum osteocalcin measurements provide a noninvasive specific marker of bone metabolism. The protein contains three residues of the amino acid gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla), which, in the presence of CALCIUM, promotes binding to HYDROXYAPATITE and subsequent accumulation in BONE MATRIX.

A group of lymphocyte surface antigens located on mouse LYMPHOCYTES. Specific Ly antigens are useful markers for distinguishing subpopulations of lymphocytes.

Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the various types of LEUKEMIA, of LYMPHOMA, and of the progressive, life-threatening forms of the MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES.

A protein-tyrosine kinase receptor that is specific for STEM CELL FACTOR. This interaction is crucial for the development of hematopoietic, gonadal, and pigment stem cells. Genetic mutations that disrupt the expression of PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-KIT are associated with PIEBALDISM, while overexpression or constitutive activation of the c-kit protein-tyrosine kinase is associated with tumorigenesis.

Mice homozygous for the mutant autosomal recessive gene "scid" which is located on the centromeric end of chromosome 16. These mice lack mature, functional lymphocytes and are thus highly susceptible to lethal opportunistic infections if not chronically treated with antibiotics. The lack of B- and T-cell immunity resembles severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) syndrome in human infants. SCID mice are useful as animal models since they are receptive to implantation of a human immune system producing SCID-human (SCID-hu) hematochimeric mice.

Adhesives used to fix prosthetic devices to bones and to cement bone to bone in difficult fractures. Synthetic resins are commonly used as cements. A mixture of monocalcium phosphate, monohydrate, alpha-tricalcium phosphate, and calcium carbonate with a sodium phosphate solution is also a useful bone paste.

Stem cells derived from HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS. Derived from these myeloid progenitor cells are the MEGAKARYOCYTES; ERYTHROID CELLS; MYELOID CELLS; and some DENDRITIC CELLS.

The formation and development of blood cells outside the BONE MARROW, as in the SPLEEN; LIVER; or LYMPH NODES.

Mature osteoblasts that have become embedded in the BONE MATRIX. They occupy a small cavity, called lacuna, in the matrix and are connected to adjacent osteocytes via protoplasmic projections called canaliculi.

Leukemia associated with HYPERPLASIA of the lymphoid tissues and increased numbers of circulating malignant LYMPHOCYTES and lymphoblasts.

X-RAY COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY with resolution in the micrometer range.

The transfer of STEM CELLS from one individual to another within the same species (TRANSPLANTATION, HOMOLOGOUS) or between species (XENOTRANSPLANTATION), or transfer within the same individual (TRANSPLANTATION, AUTOLOGOUS). The source and location of the stem cells determines their potency or pluripotency to differentiate into various cell types.

Formation of MYELOID CELLS from the pluripotent HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS in the BONE MARROW via MYELOID STEM CELLS. Myelopoiesis generally refers to the production of leukocytes in blood, such as MONOCYTES and GRANULOCYTES. This process also produces precursor cells for MACROPHAGE and DENDRITIC CELLS found in the lymphoid tissue.

Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.

Deliberate prevention or diminution of the host's immune response. It may be nonspecific as in the administration of immunosuppressive agents (drugs or radiation) or by lymphocyte depletion or may be specific as in desensitization or the simultaneous administration of antigen and immunosuppressive drugs.

A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on a individual's condition and the usual course of the disease as seen in similar situations.

Methods for maintaining or growing CELLS in vitro.

The use of two or more chemicals simultaneously or sequentially in the drug therapy of neoplasms. The drugs need not be in the same dosage form.

Resorption or wasting of the tooth-supporting bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS) in the MAXILLA or MANDIBLE.

The number of PLATELETS per unit volume in a sample of venous BLOOD.

Family of RNA viruses that infects birds and mammals and encodes the enzyme reverse transcriptase. The family contains seven genera: DELTARETROVIRUS; LENTIVIRUS; RETROVIRUSES TYPE B, MAMMALIAN; ALPHARETROVIRUS; GAMMARETROVIRUS; RETROVIRUSES TYPE D; and SPUMAVIRUS. A key feature of retrovirus biology is the synthesis of a DNA copy of the genome which is integrated into cellular DNA. After integration it is sometimes not expressed but maintained in a latent state (PROVIRUSES).

A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.

Remnant of a tumor or cancer after primary, potentially curative therapy. (Dr. Daniel Masys, written communication)

An immunological attack mounted by a graft against the host because of tissue incompatibility when immunologically competent cells are transplanted to an immunologically incompetent host; the resulting clinical picture is that of GRAFT VS HOST DISEASE.

Blood of the fetus. Exchange of nutrients and waste between the fetal and maternal blood occurs via the PLACENTA. The cord blood is blood contained in the umbilical vessels (UMBILICAL CORD) at the time of delivery.

White blood cells. These include granular leukocytes (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS) as well as non-granular leukocytes (LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES).

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Immature, nucleated ERYTHROCYTES occupying the stage of ERYTHROPOIESIS that follows formation of ERYTHROID PRECURSOR CELLS and precedes formation of RETICULOCYTES. The normal series is called normoblasts. Cells called MEGALOBLASTS are a pathologic series of erythroblasts.

Removal and pathologic examination of specimens in the form of small pieces of tissue from the living body.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

Mice bearing mutant genes which are phenotypically expressed in the animals.

The process of generating white blood cells (LEUKOCYTES) from the pluripotent HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS of the BONE MARROW. There are two significant pathways to generate various types of leukocytes: MYELOPOIESIS, in which leukocytes in the blood are derived from MYELOID STEM CELLS, and LYMPHOPOIESIS, in which leukocytes of the lymphatic system (LYMPHOCYTES) are generated from lymphoid stem cells.

Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.

These growth factors comprise a family of hematopoietic regulators with biological specificities defined by their ability to support proliferation and differentiation of blood cells of different lineages. ERYTHROPOIETIN and the COLONY-STIMULATING FACTORS belong to this family. Some of these factors have been studied and used in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, myelodysplastic syndromes, and bone marrow failure syndromes.

Conditions which cause proliferation of hemopoietically active tissue or of tissue which has embryonic hemopoietic potential. They all involve dysregulation of multipotent MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS, most often caused by a mutation in the JAK2 PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE.

A class of statistical procedures for estimating the survival function (function of time, starting with a population 100% well at a given time and providing the percentage of the population still well at later times). The survival analysis is then used for making inferences about the effects of treatments, prognostic factors, exposures, and other covariates on the function.

Adherence of cells to surfaces or to other cells.

A humoral factor that stimulates the production of thrombocytes (BLOOD PLATELETS). Thrombopoietin stimulates the proliferation of bone marrow MEGAKARYOCYTES and their release of blood platelets. The process is called THROMBOPOIESIS.

A pyrimidine nucleoside analog that is used mainly in the treatment of leukemia, especially acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia. Cytarabine is an antimetabolite antineoplastic agent that inhibits the synthesis of DNA. Its actions are specific for the S phase of the cell cycle. It also has antiviral and immunosuppressant properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p472)

The SKELETON of the HEAD including the FACIAL BONES and the bones enclosing the BRAIN.

Antigens on surfaces of cells, including infectious or foreign cells or viruses. They are usually protein-containing groups on cell membranes or walls and may be isolated.

Group of rare congenital disorders characterized by impairment of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity, leukopenia, and low or absent antibody levels. It is inherited as an X-linked or autosomal recessive defect. Mutations occurring in many different genes cause human Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID).

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

Lymphocyte progenitor cells that are restricted in their differentiation potential to the B lymphocyte lineage. The pro-B cell stage of B lymphocyte development precedes the pre-B cell stage.

A group of differentiation surface antigens, among the first to be discovered on thymocytes and T-lymphocytes. Originally identified in the mouse, they are also found in other species including humans, and are expressed on brain neurons and other cells.

Agents that suppress immune function by one of several mechanisms of action. Classical cytotoxic immunosuppressants act by inhibiting DNA synthesis. Others may act through activation of T-CELLS or by inhibiting the activation of HELPER CELLS. While immunosuppression has been brought about in the past primarily to prevent rejection of transplanted organs, new applications involving mediation of the effects of INTERLEUKINS and other CYTOKINES are emerging.

Granular leukocytes having a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes.

Antigens expressed primarily on the membranes of living cells during sequential stages of maturation and differentiation. As immunologic markers they have high organ and tissue specificity and are useful as probes in studies of normal cell development as well as neoplastic transformation.

The classes of BONE MARROW-derived blood cells in the monocytic series (MONOCYTES and their precursors) and granulocytic series (GRANULOCYTES and their precursors).

One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.

Large, phagocytic mononuclear leukocytes produced in the vertebrate BONE MARROW and released into the BLOOD; contain a large, oval or somewhat indented nucleus surrounded by voluminous cytoplasm and numerous organelles.

A bone morphogenetic protein that is widely expressed during EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. It is both a potent osteogenic factor and a specific regulator of nephrogenesis.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

The physiological renewal, repair, or replacement of tissue.

Specialized stem cells that are committed to give rise to cells that have a particular function; examples are MYOBLASTS; MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS; and skin stem cells. (Stem Cells: A Primer [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institutes of Health (US); 2000 May [cited 2002 Apr 5]. Available from: http://www.nih.gov/news/stemcell/primer.htm)

Mapping of the KARYOTYPE of a cell.

Congenital disorder affecting all bone marrow elements, resulting in ANEMIA; LEUKOPENIA; and THROMBOPENIA, and associated with cardiac, renal, and limb malformations as well as dermal pigmentary changes. Spontaneous CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE is a feature of this disease along with predisposition to LEUKEMIA. There are at least 7 complementation groups in Fanconi anemia: FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, and FANCL. (from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=227650, August 20, 2004)

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Excessive formation of dense trabecular bone leading to pathological fractures; OSTEITIS; SPLENOMEGALY with infarct; ANEMIA; and extramedullary hemopoiesis (HEMATOPOIESIS, EXTRAMEDULLARY).

Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.

A mononuclear phagocyte colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) synthesized by mesenchymal cells. The compound stimulates the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of hematopoietic cells of the monocyte-macrophage series. M-CSF is a disulfide-bonded glycoprotein dimer with a MW of 70 kDa. It binds to a specific high affinity receptor (RECEPTOR, MACROPHAGE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR).

They are oval or bean shaped bodies (1 - 30 mm in diameter) located along the lymphatic system.

Death resulting from the presence of a disease in an individual, as shown by a single case report or a limited number of patients. This should be differentiated from DEATH, the physiological cessation of life and from MORTALITY, an epidemiological or statistical concept.

A classification of B-lymphocytes based on structurally or functionally different populations of cells.

Conditions in which the abnormalities in the peripheral blood or bone marrow represent the early manifestations of acute leukemia, but in which the changes are not of sufficient magnitude or specificity to permit a diagnosis of acute leukemia by the usual clinical criteria.

Protein analogs and derivatives of the Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein that emit light (FLUORESCENCE) when excited with ULTRAVIOLET RAYS. They are used in REPORTER GENES in doing GENETIC TECHNIQUES. Numerous mutants have been made to emit other colors or be sensitive to pH.

CXCR receptors with specificity for CXCL12 CHEMOKINE. The receptors may play a role in HEMATOPOIESIS regulation and can also function as coreceptors for the HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS.

Multicenter phase III trial to evaluate CD34(+) selected versus unselected autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation in multiple myeloma. (1/200)

High-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous transplantation has been shown to improve response rates and survival in multiple myeloma and other malignancies. However, autografts frequently contain detectable tumor cells. Enrichment for stem cells using anti-CD34 antibodies has been shown to reduce autograft tumor contamination in phase I/II studies. To more definitively assess the safety and efficacy of CD34 selection, a phase III study was completed in 131 multiple myeloma patients randomized to receive an autologous transplant with either CD34-selected or unselected peripheral blood progenitor cells after myeloablative therapy. Tumor contamination in the autografts was assessed by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction detection assay using patient-specific, complementarity-determining region (CDR) Ig gene primers before and after CD34 selection. A median 3.1 log reduction in contaminating tumor cells was achieved in the CD34 selected product using the CEPRATE SC System (CellPro, Inc, Bothell, WA). Successful neutrophil engraftment was achieved in all patients by day 15 and no significant between-arm difference for time to platelet engraftment occurred in patients who received an infused dose of at least 2.0 x 10(6) CD34(+) cells/kg. In conclusion, this phase III trial demonstrates that CD34-selection of peripheral blood progenitor cells significantly reduces tumor cell contamination yet provides safe and rapid hematologic recovery for patients receiving myeloablative therapy. (+info)

Autologous transplantation of chemotherapy-purged PBSC collections from high-risk leukemia patients: a pilot study. (2/200)

We have recently demonstrated that the combination of the alkylating agent nitrogen mustard (NM) and etoposide (VP-16) is capable of eliminating, ex vivo, leukemic cells contaminating PBSC collections and this is associated with a significant recovery of primitive and committed hematopoietic progenitor cells. Based on these data a pilot study on autologous transplantation of NM/VP-16 purged PBSC for high-risk leukemic patients was recently initiated. Twelve patients (seven females and five males) with a median age of 46 years (range 18-57) have been treated. Two patients had acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) resistant to conventional induction treatment, four patients had secondary AML in I complete remission (CR), one patient was in II CR after failing a previous autologous BM transplantation, while two additional AML individuals were in I CR achieved after three or more cycles of induction treatment. Two patients with high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in I CR and one patient with mantle cell lymphoma and leukemic dissemination were also included. Eight patients showed karyotypic abnormalities associated with a poor clinical outcome. The mobilizing regimens included cytosine arabinoside and mitoxantrone with (n = 6) or without fludarabine (n = 3) followed by subcutaneous administration of G-CSF (5 microg/kg/day until the completion of PBSC collection) and G-CSF alone (n = 3) (15 microg/kg/day). A median of two aphereses (range 1-3) allowed the collection of 7.2 x 10(8) TNC/kg (range 3.4-11.5), 5 x 10(6) CD34+ cells/kg (range 2.1-15.3) and 9.2 x 10(4) CFU-GM/kg (0.3-236). PBSC were treated with a constant dose of 20 microg of VP-16/ml and a median individual-adjusted dose (survival < or = 5% of steady-state BM CFU-GM) of NM of 0.7 microg/ml (range 0.25-1.25). Eleven patients were reinfused after busulfan (16 mg/kg) and Cy (120 mg/kg) conditioning with a median residual dose of 0.3 x 10(4) CFU-GM/kg (0-11.5). The median time to neutrophil engraftment (>0.5 x 10(9)/l) for evaluable patients was 25 days (range 12-59); the median time to platelet transfusion independence (>20 and >50 x 10(9)/l) was 40 days (18-95) and 69 days (29-235), respectively. Hospital discharge occurred at a median of 25 days (18-58) after stem cell reinfusion. Four individuals are alive in CR (n = 3) or with residual nodal disease (n = 1 lymphoma patient) with a follow-up of 32, 26, 3 and 14 months, respectively. Seven patients died due to disease progression or relapse (n = 5) or extrahematological transplant toxicity (n = 2). Our data suggest that pharmacological purging of leukapheresis collections of leukemic patients at high-risk of relapse is feasible and ex vivo treated cells reconstitute autologous hematopoiesis. (+info)

Treatment of multiple myeloma. (3/200)

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Multiple myeloma (MM) accounts for about 10% of all hematologic malignancies. The standard treatment with intermittent courses of melphalan and prednisone (MP) was introduced more than 30 years ago and, since then there has been little improvement in event-free and overall survival (EFS & OS). The aim of this article is to review: 1) the role of initial chemotherapy (ChT), maintenance treatment with alpha-interferon and salvage ChT, 2) the results of high-dose therapy (HDT) followed by allogeneic or autologous stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT and auto-SCT), and 3) the most important supportive measures. EVIDENCE AND INFORMATION SOURCES: The authors of this review have been actively working and contributing with original investigations on the treatment of MM during the last 15 years. In addition, the most relevant articles and recent abstracts published in journals covered by the Science Citation Index and Medline are also reviewed. STATE OF THE ART AND PERSPECTIVES: The importance of avoiding ChT in asymptomatic patients (smoldering MM) is emphasized. The criteria and patterns of response are reviewed. MP is still the standard initial ChT with a response rate of 50-60% and an OS of 2-3 years. Combination ChT usually increases the response rate but does not significantly influence survival when compared with MP. Exposure to melphalan should be avoided in patients in whom HDT followed by auto-SCT is planned, in order to not preclude the stem cell collection. The median response duration to initial ChT is 18 months. Interferon maintenance usually prolongs response duration but in most studies does not significantly influence survival (a large meta-analysis by the Myeloma Trialists' Collaborative Group in Oxford is being finished). In alkylating-resistant patients, the best rescue regimens are VBAD or VAD. In patients already resistant to VBAD or VAD and in those in whom these treatments are not feasible we recommend a conservative approach with alternate day prednisone and pulse cyclophosphamide. While HDT followed by autotransplantation is not recommended for patients with resistant relapse, patients with primary refractory disease seem to benefit from early myeloablative therapy. Although results from large randomized trials are still pending in order to establish whether early HDT intensification followed by auto-SCT is superior to continuing standard ChT in responding patients, the favorable experience with autotransplantation of the French Myeloma Intergroup supports this approach. However, although the complete response rate is higher with intensive therapy, the median duration of response is relatively short (median, 16 to 36 months), with no survival plateau. There are several ongoing trials comparing conventional ChT with HDT/autoSCT in order to identify the patients who are likely to benefit from one or another approach. With allo-SCT there is a transplant-related mortality ranging from 30 to 50% and also a high relapse rate in patients achieving CR. However, 10 to 20% of patients undergoing allo-SCT are long-term survivors (> 5 years) with no evidence of disease and, consequently, probably cured. The use of allogeneic peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) in order to speed the engraftment and also the use of partially T-cell depleted PBSC which can decrease the incidence of graft-versus-host disease are promising approaches. In the setting of allo-SCT, donor lymphocyte infusion is an encouraging strategy in order to treat or prevent relapses. Finally, important supportive measures such as the treatment of anemia with erythropoietin, the management of renal failure and the use of bisphosphonates are reviewed. (+info)

The cytotoxicity of mafosfamide on G-CSF mobilized hematopoietic progenitors is reduced by SH groups of albumin--implications for further purging strategies. (4/200)

The efficacy of mafosfamide purging depends on factors like incubation time, drug and erythrocyte concentration. To determine the influence of protein-bound SH groups in the incubation medium, the cytotoxicity of mafosfamide on G-CSF mobilized CD34+/- cells was evaluated by short-term culture assays and drug concentration measurements. 100 micromol/ml mafosfamide was incubated for 30 min in five buffers (PBS, PBS with 1%, 5% and 10% BSA and plasma). The mean calculated areas under the concentration-time curves (AUC) were 2489 +/- 198, 1561 +/- 286, 976 +/- 201, 585 +/- 62 and 605 +/- 196 micromol/l/min. The mean reductions of CFU-GM growth were 79.4%, 73.0%, 62.5%, 30.3%, 6.2% respectively. Similar results were obtained for BFU-E. Regression analysis showed a good correlation between cytotoxicity and AUCs (CFU-GM: r = 0.8195; BFU-E: r = 0.8207). This effect is well explained by the different concentrations of SH moieties in the incubation medium resulting in a higher drug binding capacity. The profound difference between AUCs and CFU-GMs in plasma and 10% BSA cannot be explained by the quantity of SH-groups. It is probably due to an additional enzymatic drug degeneration by the 3'-5'exonuclease subsite of plasma DNA polymerase. In conclusion, the concentration of albumin-associated SH groups strongly influences the cytotoxicity of mafosfamide. It has to be considered as a new and important aspect in ex vivo bone marrow purging. (+info)

Hemopoietic progenitor cell mobilization and harvest following an intensive chemotherapy debulking in indolent lymphoma patients. (5/200)

An in vivo purging with intensive debulking chemotherapy prior to peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) collection may reduce the risk of tumor contamination of the harvest products; however, it is usually associated with a marked reduction in PBPC mobilization. These issues have been considered while designing an adapted version of the high-dose sequential regimen for patients with lymphoid malignancies and bone marrow involvement. To reduce tumor contamination risks, PBPC collection was postponed to the end of the high-dose phase; however, in order to enhance progenitor cell mobilization, a chemotherapy-free lag period was introduced prior to the final mobilizing course. Thirty-nine patients (median age 47 years, range 26-62) with previously untreated indolent lymphoma entered this pilot study; all had advanced-stage disease, and 29 had overt marrow involvement. Sufficient numbers of PBPC to perform autograft with safety were harvested in 34 patients, with a median of 3 (range 2-5) leukaphereses. A median of 14.8 x 10(6) (range 2-51) CD34+/kg and 32.6 x 10(4) (range 1.77-250) colony forming units-granulocyte/macrophage/kg were collected per patient. In univariate analysis, the duration of the chemotherapy-free interval prior to the final mobilizing course, i.e. > or <65 days, was the most significant variable influencing progenitor mobilization. These data suggest that extensive in vivo tumor debulking is feasible provided that a sufficient chemotherapy-free period preceding the mobilizing course is allowed in order to allow a full recovery of marrow functions. (+info)

Peripheral blood stem cell contamination in mantle cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma: the case for purging? (6/200)

Intensification using peripheral blood stem cells collected after chemotherapy followed by growth factors is being increasingly investigated as an alternative to conventional chemotherapy for mantle cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. We investigated 14 grades III-IV, t(11;14)-positive cases for contamination of PBSC collected after a polychemotherapy regimen followed by G-CSF. Patients were first treated with a polychemotherapy regimen. There were four CR, seven PR, two refractory and one early death. Seven patients have been transplanted, in whom PBSC were mobilized, using either cyclophosphamide/VP16 or Dexa-BEAM followed by G-CSF. For all patients, whether actually autografted or not, PB cells were tested at the time of regeneration on G-CSF after the first polychemotherapy or after the mobilizing regimen. PCR evaluation of contamination was performed first by a semi-quantitative approach, using serial dilutions of initial DNA, then confirmed using a limiting-dilution analysis. Two patients were not informative (one early death and one without an available molecular marker). PB cells collected at regeneration contained at least one log more lymphoma cells than steady-state blood or marrow, apart from in two cases. Moreover, where a mobilizing treatment diminished tumor burden in the patient, at the same time it increased PB contamination in most cases. We conclude that advanced mantle cell NHL appears to be largely resistant to significant in vivo purging by conventional chemotherapy. Where treatment brings benefits by reducing tumor load, it may at the same time negate it by mobilizing malignant cells into the collections used to intensify. Although the clonogenic potential of this massive infiltration is unknown (only gene marking studies could provide a definitive answer regarding the source of relapses), strategies aimed at reducing the level of contamination in the graft should be considered when designing future protocols. (+info)

Improved outcome with T-cell-depleted bone marrow transplantation for acute leukemia. (7/200)

PURPOSE: To eliminate the risk of rejection and lower the risk of relapse after T-cell-depleted bone marrow transplants in acute leukemia patients, we enhanced pretransplant immunosuppression and myeloablation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Antithymocyte globulin and thiotepa were added to standard total-body irradiation/cyclophosphamide conditioning. Donor bone marrows were depleted ex vivo of T lymphocytes by soybean agglutination and E-rosetting. This approach was tested in 54 consecutive patients with acute leukemia who received transplants from HLA-identical sibling donors or, in two cases, from family donors mismatched at D-DR. No posttransplant immunosuppressive treatment was given as graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis. RESULTS: Neither graft rejection nor GVHD occurred. Transplant-related deaths occurred in six (16.6%) of 36 patients in remission and in seven (38.8%) of 18 patients in relapse at the time of transplantation. The probability of relapse was .12 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0 to .19) for patients with acute myeloid leukemia and .28 (95% CI, .05 to .51) for patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who received transplants at the first or second remission. At a median follow-up of 6.9 years (minimum follow-up, 4.9 years), event-free survival for patients who received transplants while in remission was .74 (95% CI, .54 to .93) for acute myeloid leukemia patients and .59 (95% CI, .35 to .82) for acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients. All surviving patients have 100% performance status. CONCLUSION: Adding antithymocyte globulin and thiotepa to the conditioning regimen prevents rejection of extensively T-cell-depleted bone marrow. Even in the complete absence of GVHD, the leukemia relapse rate is not higher than in unmanipulated transplants. (+info)

Bone marrow harvesting using EMLA (eutectic mixture of local anaesthetics) cream, local anaesthesia and patient-controlled analgesia with alfentanil. (8/200)

Bone marrow harvesting (BMH) was performed on 40 consecutive allogeneic or autologous donors using EMLA (eutectic mixture of local anaesthetics), local anaesthesia (LA) and patient-controlled analgesia with alfentanil (PCA-A). The effect of alkalinizing the LA solution on reducing pain during LA infiltration in the presence of EMLA was also investigated. EMLA 10 g with occlusive dressing was applied to the harvest sites at least 60 min before BMH. The PCA device was programmed to deliver an intravenous loading dose of 15 microg/kg alfentanil, followed by a background alfentanil infusion of 0.05 microg/kg/min. Demand dose was 4 microg/kg and lockout time was 3 min. Donors were randomized to receive either alkalinized (n = 19) or non-alkalinized (n=21) LA solution (lignocaine 1% with 1:100000 adrenaline). While post-operative nausea and vomiting were the only side-effects, all donors in both groups reported satisfactory pain scores during LA infiltration and satisfactory overall intra-operative comfort scores. They completed BMH using either regimen successfully, found this technique acceptable and would recommend this form of anaesthesia to others. Alkalinizing the LA solution did not significantly improve the pain scores during LA infiltration in the presence of EMLA. In conclusion, BMH can be performed safely using EMLA, LA and PCA-A without major complications. (+info)

Colvinn OM (2004). "Chapter 20: Pharmacologic Purging of Bone Marrow.". In Thomas ED, et al. (eds.). Thomas' Hematopoietic Cell ... Perfosfamide was used experimentally by oncologists in the 1980s for use in bone marrow transplant procedures for treatment of ... Fox JL (April 1993). "Scios Nova may purge Pergamid after FDA setback". Nature Biotechnology. 11 (4): 439. doi:10.1038/nbt0493- ... "purge" a patient's own (autologous) collected hematopoietic stem cells of any malignant cells it may still contain at the time ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfosfamide

Mulroney, CM; S Gluck; AD Ho (1994). "The use of photodynamic therapy in bone marrow purging". Semin Oncol. 21 (6 Suppl 15): 24 ... Using PDT, pathogens present in samples of blood and bone marrow can be decontaminated before the samples are used further for ... 2015). "Photothermal ablation of bone metastasis of breast cancer using PEGylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes". Sci Rep. 5: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photodynamic_therapy

Vogler, WR; Berdel WE (1993). "Autologous bone marrow transplantation with alkyl-lysophospholipid-purged marrow". Journal of ... "A Phase I/II trial of edelfosine purging of autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) in acute leukemia (Meeting abstract ... Edelfosine and other ALPs can be used for purging residual leukemic cells from bone marrow transplants. It is an analog of ... Most important, in contrast to many DNA-directed anti-cancer drugs, no bone marrow toxicity was in vivo observed. Those ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edelfosine

Successful autografting in chronic myelogenous leukemia after maintenance of marrow in culture. Bone Marrow Transplant 4: 345- ... Eaves' personal research has focused on leukemia where he pioneered "culture purging" as a novel approach to doing autologous ... Successful autografting in chronic myeloid leukaemia after maintenance of marrow in culture. Bone Marrow Transplant 4: 345-351 ... Successful autografting in chronic myeloid leukaemia after maintenance of marrow in culture. Bone Marrow Transplant 4: 345-351 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen_C_Eaves

Aplastic anemia is caused by the inability of the bone marrow to produce blood cells. Pure red cell aplasia is caused by the ... thus removing old and defective cells and continually purging the blood. This process is termed eryptosis, red blood cell ... The cells develop in the bone marrow and circulate for about 100-120 days in the body before their components are recycled by ... Through this process red blood cells are continuously produced in the red bone marrow of large bones. (In the embryo, the liver ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_blood_cell

... was a renowned expert in bone marrow transplantation. He became interested in bone marrow transplantation ... His other research were: The use of the drug 4-HC to purge patients' diseased marrow of cancer cells, allowing them to self- ... He founded the Johns Hopkins Oncology Center's bone marrow transplant program and served as its director from 1968 until his ... treatments to prevent and manage opportunistic infections in immuno-compromised bone marrow transplant patients; techniques in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Santos

They are also recycled in the bone marrow.[46]. Senescence. The aging red blood cell undergoes changes in its plasma membrane, ... thus removing old and defective cells and continually purging the blood. This process is termed eryptosis, red blood cell ... Through this process red blood cells are continuously produced in the red bone marrow of large bones. (In the embryo, the liver ... Approximately 2.4 million new erythrocytes are produced per second in human adults.[3] The cells develop in the bone marrow and ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_blood_cells

It was concluded that immuno-histochemical staining of bone marrow aspirates are very useful to detect occult bone marrow ... In order to effectively stage breast cancer and assess the efficacy of purging regimens prior to autologous stem cell infusion ... Bone marrow aspirates of 22% of patients with localized prostate cancer (stage B, 0/5; Stage C, 2/4), and 36% patients with ... They concluded from the results that immuno-cytochemical staining of bone marrow and peripheral blood is a sensitive and simple ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybridoma_technology

"Induction of negative regulators of haematopoiesis in human bone marrow cells by HLA-DR cross-linking". Transpl. Immunol. 7 (3 ... Stiles BG, Krakauer (2005). "Staphylococcal Enterotoxins: a Purging Experience in Review, Part I". Clinical Microbiology ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superantigen

Lynn continues to work with the pod kids while getting bone marrow samples from an incarcerated Tobias while Jennifer meets a ... When Gravedigger and the Markovians begin their invasion of Freeland, Odell orders Commander Williams and Major Grey to purge ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lightning_(TV_series)

Six scientists received radiation doses of 2-4 sieverts (200-400 rem) (p. 96). An experimental bone marrow transplant treatment ... The operators purged the reactor's heavy water moderator, and the reaction stopped in under 30 seconds. A subsequent cover gas ... was performed on all of them in France and five survived, despite the ultimate rejection of the marrow in all cases. A single ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_civilian_nuclear_accidents

It states that the bone marrow can be tested to prove whether it is from a human or replicant. In May 2012, Scott confirmed ... but the terrorist attack led to mass purges and complete shutdown of Nexus-8 production (though many existing units were able ... It has an internal human bone structure, natural eyes, hair, skin and reproductive organs, which explains its ability to pass ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replicant

If beta thalassaemia major is left untreated or under transfused, there is expansion of ineffective bone marrow, this leads to ... Bulimia Nervosa is binge-eating followed by attempts to restrict weight gain and can include purging. Eating disorder oral ... Osteoporosis is a very common disease associated with a decreased bone mineral density, it mainly affects post menopausal women ... Osteopgenesis imperfecta, also known as brittle bone disease, is caused by a gene mutation affecting the collagen genes, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_manifestations_of_systemic_disease

Bone marrow - is a semi-solid tissue which may be found within the spongy or cancellous portions of bones. Bone marrow is the ... Purging refers to the attempts to get rid of the food consumed. Buttocks - are two rounded portions of the anatomy, located on ... Zygomatic bone - In the human skull, the zygomatic bone (cheekbone or malar bone) is a paired irregular bone which articulates ... bone marrow constitutes 4% of the total body mass of humans; in an adult having 65 kilograms of mass (143 lb), bone marrow ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_medicine

She uses the 47 to extract their bone marrow in order to get to the ground with no remorse. She is killed when Bellamy exposes ... Raven eventually manages to purge herself of the last of A.L.I.E.'s code by in effect "rebooting" her brain with a temporary ... She is killed shortly after anyway for her bone marrow. Rhys Ward as Atom (season 1): One of the 100 who was an adviser to ... She is among the 47 held in Mount Weather in the second season, and was the first to have her bone marrow forcibly extracted ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_The_100_characters

... thousands of women who had successfully completed standard treatment then demanded and received high-dose bone marrow ... Patients were treated with a mixture of detox purges, blood letting and traditional remedies that were supposed to lower ... In those with distant spread of the disease, there may be bone pain, swollen lymph nodes, shortness of breath, or yellow skin. ... However, in cases of breast cancer with low risk for metastasis, the risks associated with PET scans, CT scans, or bone scans ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_cancer

... would not have been saved by the bone marrow transplant denied by his insurer. Stossel also questioned whether this treatment ... We have huge numbers of people who are also just a lay-off away from joining the ranks of the uninsured, or being purged by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicko

Instead, the DNA in millions of white blood cells in the bone marrow is shuffled to create cells with unique receptors, each of ... infection cytotoxic T cells kill infected cells and produce antiviral cytokines capable of purging HBV from viable hepatocytes ... Some TCRs have a gamma and a delta chain.) Hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow migrate into the thymus, where they ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytotoxic_T_cell

Someone else from Afghanistan is physically bringing back a sample." A military medic took bone marrow and swabs from the body ... This effort included purging the combatant command's system of all records related to the operation and providing these records ... ordered the Department of Defense to purge from its computer systems all files on the bin Laden raid after first sending them ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Osama_bin_Laden

... who feeds on mutant bone marrow for sustenance. The X-Men instruct everyone to stay close to each other and report anything out ... Rogue was eventually purged of these abilities when she came into contact with Hope Summers.[volume & issue needed] Rogue ... Rogue is purged of the remaining portions of Carol Danvers's personality, as well as Carol's powers, and teleported back to the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rogue_(Marvel_Comics)

It consists of various parts of a duck served in a sauce of its blood and bone marrow, which is extracted by way of a press. It ... Refresh with new selections below (purge). [nil edit] Featured article - show another. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Overseas_France

In vertebrates, the various cells of blood are made in the bone marrow in a process called hematopoiesis, which includes ... Blood is purged from meat by rinsing and soaking in water (to loosen clots), salting and then rinsing with water again several ... During childhood, almost every human bone produces red blood cells; as adults, red blood cell production is limited to the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood

Their presence in tissues such as bone marrow suggests drowning; however, they are present in soil and the atmosphere, and ... Norton, Rictor (17 November 2011). "Newspaper Reports: The Dutch Purge of Homosexuals, 1730". Homosexuality in Eighteenth- ... on the chest bone (approximately on the lower part). Attempts to actively expel water from the airway by abdominal thrusts, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drowning

... but Marrow creates a bone shield to protect the team. Volga's spirit survives the explosion and another Cable clone emerges ... and uses his healing powers to purge her of the virus, declaring that his purpose in X-Force is to ensure no more of his ... After Meme dies, ForgetMeNot reveals himself to the team and asks Marrow to touch Hope's body, then Hopes copies Marrow's ... Marrow then kills the Cable clone. Hope also revealed their location to Fantomex, who is on his way to kill them. The team ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-Force

... bone marrow transplantation, abdominal surgery). A case was reported when a nodule was surgically excised from a lung of a man ... and are purged during selfing: this purging has been termed "genome renewal". All strains of S. cerevisiae can grow aerobically ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saccharomyces_cerevisiae

Adam "Nergal" Darski underwent a bone marrow transplant surgery, and is currently recovering. Acid Reign announce they will be ... "A Plea For Purging: New Song Available For Streaming - Blabbermouth.net". Roadrunnerrecords.com. 2011-09-07. Archived from the ... "Agalloch- Marrow of the Spirit , Tour, Cover Art, Track Listing". Metalcallout.com. Retrieved 2016-01-23. "The Chariot Posts ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_in_heavy_metal_music

... which is prepared from the liver and bone marrow of giraffes. Richard Rudgley hypothesises that Umm Nyolokh may contain DMT and ... Here they were purged of their sins by punishment, but might on occasion be allowed to return to earth to warn the living of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghost

A bone marrow transplant in the earliest months of life is the standard course of treatment. The exceptional case of David ... not a special room used for purging food during meals. The death of Greek philosopher Hypatia of Alexandria at the hands of a ... The posterior end of the lower jaw bones contains a quadrate bone, allowing jaw extension. The anterior tips of the lower jaw ... ISBN 978-0-19-530013-0. a. Marrow, Stanley B. (January 1, 1986). Paul: His Letters and His Theology : an Introduction to Paul's ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_common_misconceptions

Template:Myeloid navs(edit talk links history) - Cells from bone marrow. *Template:Neoplasia navs(edit talk links history) ... Template documentation[view] [edit] [history] [purge]. ಪರಿವಿಡಿ. *೧ Usage. *೨ Templates used *೨.೧ Listed ... The above documentation is transcluded from ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Bone and cartilage navs/doc. (edit , history). Editors can experiment in ...

https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Central_nervous_system_navs

After losing it in The House of Hades, she uses a drakon-bone sword given to her by the giant Damasen in Tartarus. In the Kane ... Seven years later, she is purged from the pine tree with the Golden Fleece, which was applied to save it from poisons that were ... Marrow Sucker - A Laistrygonian. Skull Eater - A Laistrygonian. Gorgon - A female humanoid creature with snakes for hair. ... T.J. carries a bayonet made of bone-steel as his main weapon. T.J. is the first of Magnus' floormates to befriend him. He is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_characters_in_mythology_novels_by_Rick_Riordan

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superantigen

... marrow, bones, and all,/That from his loins no hopeful branch may spring/To cross me from the golden time I look for" (ll.124- ... And then to purge his fear, I'll be thy death. (5.6.84-88) In this ambition, Richard proves successful, utterly destroying his ... Starring Ralph Fiennes as Henry, Penny Downie as Margaret, Ken Bones as Edward and Anton Lesser as Richard, the production was ... And then to purge his fear, I'll be thy death. (ll. 84-88) Richard Loncraine's 1995 filmic adaptation of Richard Eyre's 1990 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VI,_Part_3

... marrow, brain', since ancient medical writers believed that semen descended from the brain through the bones; if this is ... Marcellus also records which herbs could be used to induce menstruation, or to purge the womb after childbirth or abortion; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexuality_in_ancient_Rome

... from apparently sucking the marrow from his victims' bones. Chandler showing an obsession for Meliodas as he blames Elizabeth ... Though purged from Meliodas, the Demon King's spirit was able to take over Zeldris's body with Cusack's help before engaging ... Gilthunder's father and Grimaore's uncle, he and Dreyfus are both Druids and possess the power of Purge which can destroy any ... But once remembering Mael and Estrarossa are the same person, Ludoshel ends being purged from Margaret's body when Hendrickson ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_The_Seven_Deadly_Sins_characters

A Practical Guide provides an up-to-date practical guide to the major ex vivo procedures associated with bone marrow ... Bone Marrow Processing With the Haemonetics V50 Plus (MaryLynne Hartl). BONE MARROW EVALUATION. Bone Marrow Cell Counting: ... Regulatory Aspects of Bone Marrow Processing and Purging (Curtis L. Scribner). Quality Control in Bone Marrow Processing ( ... Monoclonal Antibodies for Ex Vivo Treatment of Bone Marrow (Derwood Pamphilon). AUTOLOGOUS BONE MARROW PURGING. The Use of 4-HC ...

https://www.routledge.com/Bone-Marrow-Processing-and-Purging-a-Practical-Guide/Gee/p/book/9780849364020

... ... "Evaluation of the silicon phthalocyanine Pc 4 for photodynamic bone marrow purging," J. Biomed. Opt. 3(3) (1 July 1998) Include ... "Evaluation of the silicon phthalocyanine Pc 4 for photodynamic bone marrow purging," Journal of Biomedical Optics 3(3), (1 July ... phthalocyanine Pc 4 was tested as a photosensitizer for the selective photoinactivation of malignant cells in bone marrow ...

https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/journals/Journal-of-Biomedical-Optics/volume-3/issue-3/0000/Evaluation-of-the-silicon-phthalocyanine-Pc-4-for-photodynamic-bone/10.1117/1.429855.short

Sixty-nine patients received autologous marrow purged in vitro with mafosfamide, and 194 received unpurged marrow. The median ... Autologous bone marrow transplantation for acute myelocytic leukemia in first remission: a European survey of the role of ... We conclude that marrow purging with mafosfamide may be valuable for patients autografted early in first CR.. This is a service ... marrow purging. Gorin NC, Aegerter P, Auvert B, et al.. Abstract:. We analyzed data from 263 patients with acute myelocytic ...

http://imsdd.meb.uni-bonn.de/cgi-bin/mycite?ExtRef=MEDL/90227228/PMID/2328313

Bone marrows of non-Hodgkins lymphoma patients with a bcl-2 translocation can be purged of polymerase chain reaction- ... Bone marrows of non-Hodgkins lymphoma patients with a bcl-2 translocation can be purged of polymerase chain reaction- ... Bone marrows of non-Hodgkins lymphoma patients with a bcl-2 translocation can be purged of polymerase chain reaction- ...

https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/995679

Sixty-nine patients received autologous marrow purged in vitro with mafosfamide, and 194 received unpurged marrow. The median ... 1987 at one of 34 centers in the European Bone Marrow Transplant Group. The median age of patients was 30 years (range, 1 to 65 ... We conclude that marrow purging with mafosfamide may be valuable for patients autografted early in first CR. ... and the probability of relapse was lower in recipients of purged than of unpurged marrow (63% versus 34%, P = .05 and 23% ...

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Autologous-bone-marrow-transplantation-for-acute-in-Gorin-Aegerter/6e10d7de6987c4d99fc269cef9cd8fbe9f99efeb

The effect of PIXY-321 on 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide purged and CD34+ positively selected bone marrow. by Lisa Hami et al. ... The effect of PIXY-321 on 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide purged and CD34+ positively selected bone marrow.. *. Lisa Hami, ...

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The-effect-of-PIXY-321-on-purged-and-CD34%2B-selected-Hami-Shpall/358e9901329bc200707018d1f41ae401086e11c5

"Bone Marrow Purging" by people in this website by year, and whether "Bone Marrow Purging" was a major or minor topic of these ... Bone marrow purging is used in both autologous and allogeneic BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION. ... "Bone Marrow Purging" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Bone Marrow Purging" by people in Profiles. ...

https://profiles.uchicago.edu/profiles/display/29776

The value of purging in bone marrow transplantation: A controversial technique. Japanese journal of clinical oncology. 2000 ... Asamura, H. / The value of purging in bone marrow transplantation : A controversial technique. In: Japanese journal of ... The value of purging in bone marrow transplantation : A controversial technique. / Asamura, H. ... Asamura, H. (2000). The value of purging in bone marrow transplantation: A controversial technique. Japanese journal of ...

https://keio.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/the-value-of-purging-in-bone-marrow-transplantation-a-controversi

Density-gradient separation for 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide purging of autologous bone marrow grafts. Progress in clinical ... Density-gradient separation for 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide purging of autologous bone marrow grafts. / Rowley, S.; Davis, J ... title = "Density-gradient separation for 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide purging of autologous bone marrow grafts.", ... T1 - Density-gradient separation for 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide purging of autologous bone marrow grafts. ...

https://arizona.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/density-gradient-separation-for-4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide-pur

Gee, Adrian P.; Part 5: Autologous Bone Marrow Purging; Bone Marrow Processing and Purging; pp. 248-328 (1991).. ... Lazarus, et al.; Does In Vitro Bone Marrow Purging Improve the Outcome after Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation?; Journal ... PCR-positivity in harvested bone marrow predicts relapse after transplantation with autologous purged bone marrow in children ... Immunologic purging of marrow assessed by PCR before autologous bone marrow transplantation for B-cell lymphoma. N.E.J.Med. 325 ...

http://www.google.com/patents/US6642018?dq=6175559

... the development of novel purging protocols to promote selective elimination of residual tumor cells from autologous bone marrow ... the development of novel purging protocols to promote selective elimination of residual tumor cells from autologous bone marrow ... the development of novel purging protocols to promote selective elimination of residual tumor cells from autologous bone marrow ... the development of novel purging protocols to promote selective elimination of residual tumor cells from autologous bone marrow ...

https://creighton.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/effect-of-molecular-structure-on-the-performance-of-triarylmethan

Graft Purging in Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation: A Promise Not Quite Fulfilled. June 01, 2004 ... HPC purging has demonstrated no benefit in a phase IIItrial in myeloma. Phase II trials in acute myelogenous leukemia ... Data to justify routine use of HPC graft purging areinsufficient. Phase I and II data support development of phase III trialsof ... Limitations of purging include possible progenitorcell loss, delayed engraftment, and qualitative immune defects ...

https://www.cancernetwork.com/authors/joseph-c-alvarnas-md

Mulroney, CM; S Gluck; AD Ho (1994). "The use of photodynamic therapy in bone marrow purging". Semin Oncol. 21 (6 Suppl 15): 24 ... pathogens present in samples of blood and bone marrow can be decontaminated before the samples are used further for ... "Photothermal ablation of bone metastasis of breast cancer using PEGylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes". Sci Rep. 5: 11709. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photodynamic_therapy

... including previously frozen bone marrow samples.. The processes of the invention as preferably used to deplete or purge ... The antibody composition applied in one step to a sample of peripheral blood, bone marrow, cord blood or frozen bone marrow, ... bone marrow, or frozen bone marrow containing tumor cells, results in a greater than 50% recovery of human hematopoietic ... Anti-CD2 and anti-CD56 had no significant effect on lineage depletions of fresh bone marrow. It is likely that bone marrow does ...

http://www.google.com/patents/US6306575?dq=5,838,906

14 Bone Marrow Transplantation Using Unrelated Donors; 15 Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation. 16 Reestablishing ... 20 Stem Cell In Vitro Purging for Autologous Transplantation; Growth Factors; 21 Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating ... 31 Pulmonary Complications32 Hepatic Complications of Bone Marrow Transplantation; 33 Cardiovascular System and High-Dose ... and Cost-Effectiveness9 Quality of Life after Bone Marrow Transplantation; 10 Gene Therapy; Section II Reestablishing ...

http://www.worldcat.org/title/high-dose-cancer-therapy-pharmacology-hematopoietins-stem-cells/oclc/913799496

Bone Marrow Purging. Techniques for the removal of subpopulations of cells (usually residual tumor cells) from the bone marrow ... Bone Marrow Neoplasms. Neoplasms located in the bone marrow. They are differentiated from neoplasms composed of bone marrow ... Bone marrow purging is used in both autologous and allogeneic BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION. ... BONE MARROW PURGING) of patients who are to undergo autologous bone marrow transplantation. ...

https://www.bioportfolio.com/resources/trial/108249/Intra-coronary-Infusion-of-Bone-Marrow-Derived-Autologous-CD34-Selected-Cells-in.html

Bone Marrow Purging and Processing: A Practical Guide. (1991). CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. ... bone marrow progenitor cell processing, and bone marrow transplantation. Processing of these papers will be expedited, and ... STEM CELLS AND DEVELOPMENT welcomes papers covering widely diverse aspects of hematology, bone marrow transplantation, immune ... 1970). Allogeneic marrow engraftment following whole body irradiation in a patient with leukemia. Blood 35:741-750. 2. Shadduck ...

http://www.liebertpub.com/archpolicy/stem-cells-and-development/125/

Bone Marrow Transplantation 34 , 175-179 Rights & permissionsfor article A model of ,i,in vivo,/i, purging with Rituximab and ... Bone Marrow Transplantation 52 , 1107-1112 Rights & permissionsfor article Long-term follow-up of a retrospective comparison of ... Bone Marrow Transplantation 52 , 1519-1525 Rights & permissionsfor article Validation of the revised IPSS at transplant in ... Bone Marrow Transplantation 52 , 163-166 Rights & permissionsfor article Autologous stem cell transplantation is still a valid ...

https://www.nature.com/search?author=%22P%20Alessandrino%22&error=cookies_not_supported&code=73f0e1eb-5205-4f32-96b8-3a7a129592cb

Quantitative assays for human hemopoietic progenitor cellsPERIOD! Bone Marrow Processing and Purging: A Practical Guide. FL. ... Bone marrow (BM) was obtained from the femurs and tibias of BALB/c mice and used as a source of hematopoietic progenitor cells ... Infusion of VEGF was associated with inhibition of the activity of the transcription factor NF-κB in bone marrow progenitor ... Human bone marrow microvascular endothelial cells support long-term proliferation and differentiation of myeloid and ...

http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/92/11/4150?ijkey=bbecb0adf177b009e8dc10639b87ca4fe47d5fdc&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha&sso-checked=true

Colvinn OM (2004). "Chapter 20: Pharmacologic Purging of Bone Marrow.". In Thomas ED, et al. (eds.). Thomas Hematopoietic Cell ... Perfosfamide was used experimentally by oncologists in the 1980s for use in bone marrow transplant procedures for treatment of ... Fox JL (April 1993). "Scios Nova may purge Pergamid after FDA setback". Nature Biotechnology. 11 (4): 439. doi:10.1038/nbt0493- ... "purge" a patients own (autologous) collected hematopoietic stem cells of any malignant cells it may still contain at the time ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfosfamide

Bone Marrow Transplant. 2013 Jul; 48(7):947-52.. View in: PubMed. A prospective study of expectant observation as primary ... Purged versus non-purged peripheral blood stem-cell transplantation for high-risk neuroblastoma (COG A3973): a randomised phase ... Bone Marrow Transplant. 2005 Jun; 35(11):1117-22.. View in: PubMed. Sodium reduction for hypertension prevention in overweight ... Bone Marrow Transplant. 2014 Apr; 49(4):502-8.. View in: PubMed. Anaplastic rhabdomyosarcoma in TP53 germline mutation carriers ...

https://www.dana-farber.org/find-a-doctor/lisa-r-diller/

The patients then received kidneys and intravenous infusions of bone marrow from parents or siblings mismatched by one HLA ... Lab studies suggested that although donor-type hematopoietic cells had largely taken over in her marrow, some residual B cells ...

https://www.medpagetoday.com/surgery/transplantation/8085

Bone Marrow Transplantation 28 , S22-S24 Rights & permissionsfor article Prospective Study on Allogeneic Bone Marrow ... Isolation and transplantation of highly purified autologous peripheral CD34+ progenitor cells: purging efficacy, hematopoietic ... Bone Marrow Transplantation 19 , 697-702 Rights & permissionsfor article Mixed hematopoietic chimerism after allogeneic bone ... Bone Marrow Transplantation 42 , S7-S9 Rights & permissionsfor article Place of HSCT in treatment of childhood AML . Opens in a ...

https://www.nature.com/search?author=%22T%20Klingebiel%22&error=cookies_not_supported&code=76c8c406-d1c0-4207-a291-3ff4b4988493

The patient can then be rescued by reinfusion of their own bone marrow cells, but only if that marrow has been "purged" of ... The anticode oligomers may also be useful for ex vivo bone marrow purging. Normally, the amounts of conventional cancer ... Alternatively, large amounts of bone marrow can be surgically extracted from the patient and stored in vitro , while the ... The claimed anticode oligomers could be used to remove residual malignant cells from the bone marrow. ...

http://www.google.com.au/patents/WO1995008350A1?cl=en

bone marrow harvest to serve as back-up.. - A minimum of 1 x 106 CD34+ cells/kg of unpurged bone marrow or 2 x 106 CD34+ cells/ ... harvest or from a bone marrow harvest.. Part III:. HIGH DOSE FLUDARABINE/BUSULFAN WITH AUTOLOGOUS STEM CELL TRANSPLANT:. All ... PURGING PROCEDURE:. The stem cells that are collected through the apheresis procedure are treated in the. laboratory with the ... This procedure is known as purging and it is. being studied to learn if the treatment of the stem cells with the HuM195/Gelonin ...

http://www.knowcancer.com/cancer-trials/NCT00043810/

Bone marrow (BM) and spleen derived stem cells were obtained from B10D2 (H-2d background) mice. 2.5×106 BM and 1×106 spleen ... SCID/hu Skin Graft-Melanoma-CIK Tumor Purging Model. Female 6 week old Balbc/SCID mice were irradiated at 500 Rads at the day ... Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) represents one form of curative therapy for patients with malignant diseases. The beneficial ... In cases of transplantation of organs or cells, more particularly solid organs or particular cells, e.g., bone marrow, whether ...

https://www.freepatentsonline.com/y2008/0241194.html

An effective immunomagnetic method for bone marrow purging in T cell malignancies.. Bone Marrow Transplant 9:319-23 (1992). ...

https://www.abcam.com/cd7-antibody-b-f12-phycoerythrin-ab27324.html

... autologous bone marrow transplantation, megatherapy, purging. Authors: Kavan Petr, Koutecký Josef1996-12-15:Bone marrov ... Bone marrov transplantation in childem with high risk neuroblastoma Klin Onkol 1996; 9(6): 175-179. Keywords: neuroblastoma, ... Clinical experience with total body irradiation followed by bone morrow rescue in neuroblastoma patients ... Clinical experience with total body irradiation followed by bone morrow rescue in neuroblastoma patients ...

https://www.linkos.cz/english-summary/klinicka-onkologie-journal/1996-12-15-6-en/

Patients with immunocytology positive PBSC undergo purged autologous bone marrow collection or repeat purged or unpurged PBSC ... Procedure: autologous bone marrow transplantation. Procedure: bone marrow ablation with stem cell support. Procedure: ... Procedure: autologous bone marrow transplantation. Procedure: bone marrow ablation with stem cell support. Procedure: ... Patients receive purged or unpurged PBSC infusion or purged autologous bone marrow transplantation on day 0 followed by G-CSF ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00004188

T Cell Depletion of Allogeneic Human Bone Marrow Grafts by Soybean Lectin Agglutination and either Sheep Red Blood Cell Rosetting or Adherence on the CD5/CD8 Cellector' (Nancy H. Collins, Nancy A. Kernan, Sharon A. Blean, and Richard J. O'Reilly). (routledge.com)
Extracorporeal Purging of Bone Marrow Grafts by Dye-Sensitized Photoirradiation (Fritz Sieber). (routledge.com)
Cryopreservation of Human Bone Marrow Grafts (Ping Law and Harold Meryman). (routledge.com)
Density-gradient separation for 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide purging of autologous bone marrow grafts. (elsevier.com)
We studied density-gradient separation of autologous bone marrow grafts in preparation for ex vivo 4-hydroperoxy-cyclophosphamide (4-HC) purging. (elsevier.com)
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Density-gradient separation for 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide purging of autologous bone marrow grafts. (elsevier.com)
These structure- activity relationships represent useful guidelines for the development of novel purging protocols to promote selective elimination of residual tumor cells from autologous bone marrow grafts with minimum toxicity to normal hematopoietic stem cells. (elsevier.com)
Clonogenic tumor cells contained within hematopoietic stem cell(HPC) grafts may contribute to relapse following autologous transplantation.Graft purging involves either in vivo or ex vivo HPC manipulationin order to reduce the level of tumor cell contamination.Some phase II trials suggest that patients who receive purged productsmay have a superior transplant outcome. (cancernetwork.com)
Phase II trials in acute myelogenous leukemia showcomparable outcomes for patients who receive either purged orunpurged HPC grafts. (cancernetwork.com)
PTLD incidence is approximately 2 to 3% following umbilical cord blood (UCB) transplantation, similar to the incidence after marrow or peripheral blood stem cell grafts. (renalandurologynews.com)

Study hypothesis : The purpose of this study is to determine whether Intracoronary infusion of autologous bone marrow derived progenitor cells to patients undergoing primary angioplasty f. (bioportfolio.com)
Infusion of VEGF was associated with inhibition of the activity of the transcription factor NF-κB in bone marrow progenitor cells. (bloodjournal.org)
Because these past strategies lack specificity for malignant cells and often impair the normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, prior efforts to ex vivo purge autografts have resulted in prolonged cytopenias and graft failure. (hindawi.com)
The ideal ex vivo purging agent would selectively target the contaminating cancer cells while spare normal stem and progenitor cells and would be applied quickly without toxicities to the recipient. (hindawi.com)

now experts in the field present detailed descriptions and evaluations of methods for marrow harvesting, evaluation (including tumor infiltration, flow cytometric analysis, and colony assays), comparative methods for automated nucleated cell separation and enumeration, tumor cell purging, T cell depletion, stem cell selection, gene transfer, and cytopreservation. (routledge.com)
Intravenous busulfan for autologous stem cell transplantation in adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia: a survey of 952 patients on behalf of the Acute Leukemia Working Party of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. (semanticscholar.org)
Flowing cells through pulsed electric fields efficiently purges stem cell preparations of contaminating myeloma cells while preserving stem cell function. (uchicago.edu)
These can come from the original stem cell harvest or from a bone marrow harvest. (knowcancer.com)
Determine if event-free survival is predictable by RT-PCR positivity of the stem cell, minimal residual disease in bone marrow and peripheral blood after transplantation by immunocytology, and extent of disease as measured by MIBG after transplantation in patients treated with these regimens. (clinicaltrials.gov)
If a match is not found within the family (and often only brothers and sisters are tested), the search starts for an unrelated donor in the general public through the OneMatch Stem Cell and Marrow Network. (cancer.ca)
Compare the effects of B-lymphocyte purging using concurrent rituximab and mobilization therapy vs a CD34+ cell enrichment device on hematopoietic stem cells, B and T lymphocytes, and natural killer cells in the peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) infusates. (bioportfolio.com)
A Stem Cell Transplant (SCT) is a way of using someone's own stem cells instead of someone else s bone marrow. (angelfire.com)
The main purpose of a stem cell or bone marrow transplant in cancer treatment is to make it possible for patients to receive very high doses of chemotherapy and, in some cases, high doses of radiation therapy as well. (angelfire.com)
In the bone marrow, there is approximately 1 stem cell in every 100,000 blood cells. (angelfire.com)
If confirmed, this would be the first time HIV has been eliminated without a bone marrow or stem cell transplant like the ones that have cured two other men, nicknamed the Berlin and London patients for where they were treated. (mail.com)
If the Brazil man's case is confirmed, it would be the first time HIV has been eliminated in an adult without a bone marrow or stem cell transplant. (mail.com)
In response, the Life Extension Foundation® provided funding to launch the first human study using this cancer treatment at the South Florida Bone Marrow Stem Cell Transplant Institute. (lifeextension.com)
When the Life Extension Foundation® learned that this potential breakthrough was not being funded, we immediately made a $200,000 grant to help fund a human clinical trial at the South Florida Bone Marrow/Stem Cell Transplant Institute located in Boynton Beach, Florida. (lifeextension.com)

The silicon phthalocyanine Pc 4 was tested as a photosensitizer for the selective photoinactivation of malignant cells in bone marrow transplantation samples. (spiedigitallibrary.org)
It was added to the tissue after it had been taken from the donor but before the tissue was administered to the patient to "purge" lymphocytes in order to prevent Graft Versus Host Disease, which results from donor lymphocytes attacking normal host cells and tissues, and to "purge" a patient's own (autologous) collected hematopoietic stem cells of any malignant cells it may still contain at the time of harvesting. (wikipedia.org)
In 1989 Nova Pharmaceutical took over development of the compound and in 1992, it submitted a new drug application to the FDA for using perfosamide to purge malignant cells in transplants for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. (wikipedia.org)
The bone marrow is extracted from the patient prior to transplant and may be "purged" to remove lingering malignant cells (if the disease has afflicted the bone marrow). (angelfire.com)
In addition, malignant cells may crowd the bone marrow, and, depending on the stage, prevent the production of normal red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. (encyclopedia.com)

The Use of Campath' Monoclonal Antibodies for Ex Vivo Treatment of Bone Marrow (Derwood Pamphilon). (routledge.com)

Detection of Metastatic Tumor Cells in Bone Marrow (Thomas J. Moss). (routledge.com)
Immunotoxin-Mediated Depletion of CD5+ T Cells from Bone Marrow for Graft-vs.-Host Disease Prophylaxis (Joseph H. Antin, Howard J. Weinstein, and Barbara Bierer). (routledge.com)
Bone marrows of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients with a bcl-2 translocation can be purged of polymerase chain reaction-detectable lymphoma cells using monoclonal antibodies and immunomagnetic bead depletion. (harvard.edu)
Techniques for the removal of subpopulations of cells (usually residual tumor cells) from the bone marrow ex vivo before it is infused. (uchicago.edu)
This phase I clinical trial will evaluate the safety and efficacy of intra-coronary injection of AC133 selected autologous marrow-derived stem cells in patients with chronic coronary arter. (bioportfolio.com)
Importance of B cells to development of Tregs and prolongation of tissue allograft survival in recipients receiving autologous bone marrow transplantation. (bioportfolio.com)
STEM CELLS AND DEVELOPMENT welcomes papers covering widely diverse aspects of hematology, bone marrow transplantation, immune reconstitution, and progenitor cell biochemistry and characterization. (liebertpub.com)
STEM CELLS AND DEVELOPMENT is particularly committed to providing authors comprehensive yet rapid evaluation of original reports describing developments in hematopoietic progenitor cell processing, purging, identification, expansion, biochemistry, molecular biology, and engraftment. (liebertpub.com)
This procedure is known as purging and it is being studied to learn if the treatment of the stem cells with the HuM195/Gelonin conjugate can eliminate leukemia cells without damaging the normal stem cells. (knowcancer.com)
Since the best dose of HuM195/Gelonin conjugate for purging is not known, the cells of the participants in this study will receive 1 of 3 different doses of HuM195/Gelonin. (knowcancer.com)
Compare the event-free survival in patients with newly diagnosed high risk neuroblastoma or ganglioneuroblastoma treated with myeloablative consolidation chemotherapy and autologous purged versus unpurged peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC). (clinicaltrials.gov)
1989) Removal of neuroblastoma cells from bone marrow by a direct monoclonal antibody rosetting technique. (springer.com)
Ex vivo manipulations of the autograft to purge cancer cells using chemotherapies and toxins have been attempted. (hindawi.com)
The treatment was discovered in people with leukaemia who also happened to have MS. Leukaemia is a cancer of the immune cells, and can be treated by first extracting some of a person's bone marrow cells and then killing all the immune cells that remain in the body with toxic chemotherapy. (newscientist.com)
The stored bone marrow sample is then purged of cancerous cells and injected into the person's blood to repopulate their immune system. (newscientist.com)
They tend to stay in hospital for a month, with their new bone marrow infused around day 11, before the last of their old immune cells have died off. (newscientist.com)
The procedure is essentially a process of purging and repopulating affected cells. (worldhealthcareblog.org)
Stem cells are extracted from the bone marrow, then chemo treatments kill off the diseased immune system cells. (worldhealthcareblog.org)
Patients who are eligible for early ASCT typically receive a limited number of cycles of induction therapy to reduce tumor cell mass and bone marrow plasma cell infiltration before collection of peripheral blood stem cells [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
If this is the case, you may need to have bone marrow stem cells collected. (knowcancer.com)
Culture-purging is a method that takes advantage of the fact that CML cells die when kept in laboratory culture in a shorter time period than normal blood cells. (knowcancer.com)
These cells are all produced in the inside of your bones - the bone marrow. (denverhealth.org)
In severe underweight or rapid weight loss, the cellular bone marrow is replaced by a dysfunctional "goo" that does not produce cells normally. (denverhealth.org)
It happens when the bone marrow makes too many abnormal blood cells, which then build up in the blood and cause problems. (lifeextension.com)
Purged Autologous Bone Marrow: Better or Worse than Circulating Stem Cells? (springer.com)
We performed therefore a further myeloma purging step by selecting the transduced cells at the end of the culture. (biomedcentral.com)
Immune cells known as B cells develop in the bone marrow and acquire specific receptors in a random assembly process that helps the body prepare to fight different enemies, including a multitude of viruses and bacteria. (scripps.edu)
For some reason, their self-reactive B cells have not been purged," said Xiao. (scripps.edu)
The researchers then seeded the bone marrow of the Nemazee lab's mouse model with these cells. (scripps.edu)
For autologous (pronounced au-tol'-o-gous) transplantation, the patient receives his or her own bone marrow or stem cells that were collected and frozen before receiving very high-dose chemotherapy or radiation. (angelfire.com)
The transplantation of the stem cells and waiting for the bone marrow to return. (angelfire.com)
In the blood stream, the number of stem cells is about 1/100 of that in the bone marrow. (angelfire.com)
Transplantation of the stem cells from the blood stream is sometimes used in addition to, or instead of, traditional bone marrow transplantation. (angelfire.com)
The collection of stem cells from the marrow is a surgical procedure in a hospital operating room, usually under general anesthesia. (angelfire.com)
High dose chemotherapy (HDC) is a lethal dose of chemotherapy, enough chemo to kill off virtually all existing blood cells and the blood cell producing cells in the marrow. (angelfire.com)
The researchers irradiated atherosclerosis-prone mice to destroy their white blood cells and then gave the animals a new set of macrophages by means of a bone-marrow transplant. (sciencemag.org)
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an important cellular component of the bone marrow microenvironment for supporting haemopoiesis. (wiley.com)
In addition to haemopoietic stem cells (HSCs), human bone marrow contains a second type of stem cells, recently termed mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). (wiley.com)
Using a microscopy technique known as intravital two-photon imaging, Bousso and colleagues were able to see individual CAR T cells killing lymphoma cells in the animals' bone marrow. (newswise.com)
Computer simulations based on our experimental data supported the idea that CAR T cells rely on their direct cytotoxic activity rather than on the recruitment and activation of other cells to eliminate the bulk of the B cell lymphoma in the bone marrow," Bousso says. (newswise.com)
The simulations also suggested that relatively small differences in the infiltration of CAR T cells into the bone marrow can substantially impact the treatment's outcome. (newswise.com)
One reason why CAR T cells may fail to infiltrate the bone marrow is if they encounter lymphoma cells, or healthy B cells that also express CD19, circulating in the blood. (newswise.com)
Bousso and colleagues found that CAR T cells can aggregate with these circulating cells and become trapped in the lungs, preventing them from reaching the bone marrow. (newswise.com)
Reducing these encounters-for example, by temporarily reducing the number of circulating B cells-enhanced the ability of CAR T cells to infiltrate the bone marrow and kill tumor cells, prolonging the survival of mice with B cell lymphoma. (newswise.com)
Purging both circulating tumor and normal B cells prior to CAR T cell transfer may therefore offer a clinical benefit by improving CAR T cell engraftment and persistence," Bousso says. (newswise.com)
2006). Mobilization of bone marrow stem cells by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor ameliorates radiation-induced damage to salivary glands . (rug.nl)
Drs Jim Till and Ernest McCulloch in Toronto discovered that all blood cells come from blood-forming stem cells in the bone marrow. (cancer.ca)
Like all blood cells, lymphocytes are made from stem cells in the bone marrow. (britannica.com)
Selection between somatic cells (i.e., intercellular competition) can delay aging by purging nonfunctioning cells. (pnas.org)
Bone marrow continually makes blood stem cells, which turn into new blood cells to replace spent ones, but the process is not perfect: Some blood stem cells can develop into abnormal versions, although the immune system usually stamps them out. (scientificamerican.com)
He notes that a person's bone marrow makes approximately 100 billion new blood cells daily. (scientificamerican.com)
AML cells grow uncontrollably and over time crowd out the progenitor blood stem cells made by the marrow. (scientificamerican.com)
This protein, which is the same as that shown by normal blood stem cells, serves as a forged passport of sorts that it presents to leave the bone marrow. (scientificamerican.com)
He explains that 'there have been many different attempts to find drugs or antibodies to 'purge' the leukemia from a patient's own bone marrow or blood cells so that they can be used in transplants. (scientificamerican.com)
Similarly, self‐reactive B cells are purged from the functional repertoire during the transition from the pre‐B to mature B‐cell stage in the bone marrow. (els.net)
To target skeletal metastases, our laboratory is interested in developing recombinant oncolytic adenoviruses that will kill the cancer cells, and simultaneously produce therapeutic proteins that will target the tumor-bone environment. (northshore.org)
Once the tumor cells arrive at the bone site, a "vicious cycle" is initiated between the tumor cells, osteoclast and the osteoblast cells. (northshore.org)
Using an oncolytic adenoviral vector expressing sTGFβRII, we are testing if the viral backbone will be oncolytic to the tumor cells, and the vector-mediated production of sTGFβRII and its release in the tumor-bone microenvironment will block the effects of TGFβ, together inhibiting metastatic potential of cancer cells. (northshore.org)

Compare the effect of these purging regimens on tumor cell content of PBSC infusates. (bioportfolio.com)
We conclude that ex-vivo culture and retroviral-mediated transduction of myeloma leukaphereses provide an efficient tumor cell purging. (biomedcentral.com)
Intravital two-photon imaging of the bone marrow of a mouse with B cell lymphoma shows a CAR T cell (green) come into contact with a live tumor cell (gray) and quickly killing it (causing it to turn blue). (newswise.com)

Transportation of Bone Marrow for In Vitro Processing and Transplantation (William E. Janssen and Carlos Lee). (routledge.com)
Sixty-nine patients received autologous marrow purged in vitro with mafosfamide, and 194 received unpurged marrow. (uni-bonn.de)
In vitro purging of bone marrow for autologous marrow transplantation in acute myelogenous leukemia using myeloid-specific monoclonal antibodies. (semanticscholar.org)
Difference in kinetics of hematopoietic reconstitution between ALL and ANLL after autologous bone marrow transplantation with marrow treated in vitro with mafosfamide (ASTA Z 7557). (semanticscholar.org)
Phase I and II data support development of phase III trialsof both in vivo and in vitro purging methods. (cancernetwork.com)
In addition, in some series, PBSC or in vitro graft purging may increase risks of MDS/AML post-transplant. (renalandurologynews.com)

Bone marrow purging is used in both autologous and allogeneic BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION. (uchicago.edu)
The actual heparin concentration of harvested allogeneic bone marrow varies among harvest centers. (bioportfolio.com)

Monoclonal Antibodies and Complement for Autologous Marrow Purging (Edward D. Ball). (routledge.com)
Phase I trials demonstratethe feasibility of purging methods including ex vivo graft incubationwith chemotherapeutic drugs, monoclonal antibodies and complement,and CD34+ cell selection. (cancernetwork.com)
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors, bone marrow transplant, monoclonal antibody-based therapy, and interferon therapy are additional types of treatments for specific leukemias. (lifeextension.com)

We conclude that marrow purging with mafosfamide may be valuable for patients autografted early in first CR. (uni-bonn.de)

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Human Bone Marrow (James G. Bender and Dennis Van Epps). (routledge.com)

Compare the toxicity of this myeloablative consolidation regimen using purged vs unpurged PBSC in these patients. (clinicaltrials.gov)

We analyzed data from 263 patients with acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) autografted in first remission (CR) during the period from January, 1982 to January, 1987 at one of 34 centers in the European Bone Marrow Transplant Group. (uni-bonn.de)
For patients with standard risk AML in CR1 autografted after TBI (n = 107), the leukemia-free survival (LFS) was higher, and the probability of relapse was lower in recipients of purged than of unpurged marrow (63% versus 34%, P = .05 and 23% versus 55%, relative risk 0.34, P = .005, respectively). (uni-bonn.de)
The superior results of purging were most obvious in patients autografted within 6 months of achieving CR (probability of relapse, 20% versus 61%, P = .01). (uni-bonn.de)
Autologous bone marrow transplantation following high dose chemotherapy for the treatment of adult patients with acute myeloid leukaemia. (semanticscholar.org)
The primary objective of the study is to determine the feasibility and safety of prospectively identifying patients at risk for clinically significant cardiac dysfunction following a myocardial infarction and the ability to isolate and infuse via the affected coronary circulation an autologous bone marrow derived CD34+ cell product at four dose levels. (bioportfolio.com)
The study aim is to evaluate the long term outcome of intra-coronary autologous bone marrow (BM) transplantation in patients with severe ischemic cardiomyopathy without the option for rev. (bioportfolio.com)
The patients then received kidneys and intravenous infusions of bone marrow from parents or siblings mismatched by one HLA haplotype. (medpagetoday.com)
Compare the time to engraftment and CD34 content and tumor content by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of purged versus unpurged PBSC in patients treated with these regimens. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Evaluate tumor resectability at second look or delayed surgery, response (complete response and very good partial response) at completion of induction therapy, tumor content of peripheral blood and bone marrow, and the comparison of historical data from CCG-3891 induction therapy in these patients. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Patients who are underweight and who purge are therefore at highest risk for severe complications. (nationaleatingdisorders.org)
The majority of patients with advanced breast and prostate cancers will develop bone metastasis resulting in bone destruction. (northshore.org)

He also directed the Bone Marrow Transplant Program at the Arizona Cancer Center. (moffitt.org)

Reconstitution of haemopoietic system with autologous marrow taken during relapse of acute myeloblastic leukaemia and grown in long-term culture. (semanticscholar.org)

Data to justify routine use of HPC graft purging areinsufficient. (cancernetwork.com)

Perfosfamide was used experimentally by oncologists in the 1980s for use in bone marrow transplant procedures for treatment of blood cancers. (wikipedia.org)
This finding led directly to the development of bone marrow transplantation in the treatment of many cancers. (cancer.ca)

Still no clinical trial so far established a defined threshold of purging necessary to reduce the risk of relapse while maintaining a safe clinical feasibility. (biomedcentral.com)
Still, the researchers found that tumor relapse and the emergence of tumors lacking CD19 occur in the bone marrow, rather than in other organs affected by B cell lymphoma, such as the lymph nodes. (newswise.com)

An effective immunomagnetic method for bone marrow purging in T cell malignancies. (abcam.com)
He is program co-leader of the Hematologic Malignancies and Bone Marrow Transplantation Program and leads the AIDS Malignancy Consortium (AMC) site at Johns Hopkins and the AMC Translational Sciences Working Group nationally. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

Limitations of purging include possible progenitorcell loss, delayed engraftment, and qualitative immune defects followingtransplant. (cancernetwork.com)

Long-term survival in advanced chronic myelogenous leukemia following bone marrow transplantation from haploidentical related donors. (uchicago.edu)

article{Gorin1990AutologousBM, title={Autologous bone marrow transplantation for acute myelocytic leukemia in first remission: a European survey of the role of marrow purging. (semanticscholar.org)
Autologous bone marrow transplantation using marrow incubated with Asta Z 7557 in adult acute leukemia. (semanticscholar.org)

Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) with total body irradiation and chemotherapy has been found to be curative in fewer than half of all cases of relapsed B-cell lymphomas. (cancernetwork.com)

In March 2002, BioTransplant presented significant developments in the use of its proprietary Eligix(TM) Cell Separation Systems at the European Bone Marrow Transplant Annual Meeting. (thefreelibrary.com)

Our initial studies using breast and prostate cancer bone metastases models have shown that systemic delivery of the oncolytic adenovirus expressing sTGFβRII-Fc produces strong inhibition of bone metastases, and the tumor-induced bone destruction. (northshore.org)
Based on our results, we believe that oncolytic adenoviruses targeting TGFβ can be potentially developed as an anti-tumor agent for the treatment of breast and prostate cancer bone metastases. (northshore.org)

Recent studies expressed concerns that high-dose chemotherapy and radiotherapy, as used in the conditioning before bone marrow transplantation (BMT), have persistent serious effects on bone marrow MSCs and thus potentially impair haemopoiesis. (wiley.com)

To assess the effectiveness of purging, we amplified patient-specific, clonal tumor immunoglobulin heavy-chain (IgH) rearrangements before and after CD34 + cell culture procedure and retroviral transduction. (biomedcentral.com)
There is no donor needed for the procedure because in an autologous transplant the patient is both the donor and the recipient of the bone marrow. (angelfire.com)

Our doctors and scientists pioneered one of the most effective leukemia treatments - bone marrow transplant - and we advance new therapies every day. (seattlecca.org)

Complete blood count (CBC) with red blood cell (RBC) or white blood cell (WBC) dysplasia, leukoerythroblastosis may indicate bone marrow metastasis by a ST. Complete metabolic panel with liver function tests (elevated liver enzymes, particularly GGT [gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase] may indicate liver metastasis). (renalandurologynews.com)
Inactivating TGFβRII function can inhibit TGFβ-mediated signal transduction lending support to the model that the inhibition of TGFβ function by sTβRII can inhibit bone metastasis. (northshore.org)

Bone Marrow Harvesting and Reinfusion (Jennifer G. Treleaven). (routledge.com)
Bone marrow was purged after removal and cryo-preserved for reinfusion. (cancernetwork.com)

Use of the Cobe 2991' Cell Processor for Bone Marrow Processing (John D. McMannis). (routledge.com)
Bone Marrow Cell Counting: Methodological Issues (Elizabeth J. Read, Charles S. Carter, and Herbert M. Cullis). (routledge.com)
Through this approach, we directed the selectable marker ΔNGFR to the CD34 + cell population, adding a further purging possibility. (biomedcentral.com)

An autologous BMT is possible if the disease afflicting the bone marrow is in remission or if the condition being treated does not involve the bone marrow. (angelfire.com)
11 ] Appropriate therapy for these children is less intensive than current AML therapy and bone marrow transplant (BMT) is not indicated in first remission. (meds.com)

Anatomy51

Organisms16

Diseases47

Chemicals and Drugs53

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment50

Phenomena and Processes42

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science4

Named Groups1

Health Care7

Multicenter phase III trial to evaluate CD34(+) selected versus unselected autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation in multiple myeloma. (1/200)

Autologous transplantation of chemotherapy-purged PBSC collections from high-risk leukemia patients: a pilot study. (2/200)

Treatment of multiple myeloma. (3/200)

The cytotoxicity of mafosfamide on G-CSF mobilized hematopoietic progenitors is reduced by SH groups of albumin--implications for further purging strategies. (4/200)

Hemopoietic progenitor cell mobilization and harvest following an intensive chemotherapy debulking in indolent lymphoma patients. (5/200)

Peripheral blood stem cell contamination in mantle cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma: the case for purging? (6/200)

Improved outcome with T-cell-depleted bone marrow transplantation for acute leukemia. (7/200)

Bone marrow harvesting using EMLA (eutectic mixture of local anaesthetics) cream, local anaesthesia and patient-controlled analgesia with alfentanil. (8/200)

Bone Marrow

Bone Marrow Cells

Bone Marrow Transplantation

Bone and Bones

Bone Remodeling

Bone Marrow Diseases

Bone Marrow Examination

Bone Marrow Neoplasms

Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Bone Density

Bone Resorption

Bone Marrow Purging

Hematopoiesis

Bone Neoplasms

Transplantation, Homologous

Bone Development

Mice, Inbred C57BL

Bone Diseases

Colony-Forming Units Assay

Cell Differentiation

Bone Regeneration

Cells, Cultured

Whole-Body Irradiation

Transplantation, Autologous

Radiation Chimera

Stromal Cells

Graft vs Host Disease

Anemia, Aplastic

Osteogenesis

Flow Cytometry

Leukemia

Bone Matrix

Bone Transplantation

Antigens, CD34

Granulocytes

Spleen

Osteoblasts

Osteoclasts

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Transplantation Chimera

Multiple Myeloma

Pancytopenia

Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute

Cell Separation

Time Factors

Bone Substitutes

Bone Diseases, Metabolic

Megakaryocytes

Mice, Knockout

Stem Cells

Mice, Inbred BALB C

Cell Lineage

Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Femur

Immunophenotyping

Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor

Fractures, Bone

T-Lymphocytes

Leukemia, Myeloid

Graft Survival

Mice, Transgenic

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins

Cyclophosphamide

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2

Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

Blood Cells

Antigens, CD

Leukocyte Count

Cell Count

Erythropoiesis

Cell Division

Blood Cell Count

Thymus Gland

Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma

Primary Myelofibrosis

Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive

Busulfan

Chimera

Tibia

Tissue Donors