Bone Demineralization, Pathologic
Bone Demineralization Technique
Tooth Demineralization
Dental Enamel
Bone and Bones
Tooth Remineralization
Hardness Tests
Cariostatic Agents
Dental Caries Activity Tests
Microradiography
Fluorides, Topical
Dentin
Dental Caries
Bone Remodeling
Bone mineral density of the proximal femur after unilateral cementless total hip replacement. (1/31)
It was the aim of this study to examine bone mineral density changes in the non-operated contralateral femur of patients undergoing total hip replacement. Bone density in the contralateral femur of 45 patients with an average age of 54 years was measured with the aid of the DEXA technique at one week, 3 and 6 months after total hip replacement. Within the first 3 months there was an average reduction of bone density of 3.9% (3.0%-5.9%). After a further 3 months the average difference was 2.5%. (+info)Changes in urinary excretion of pyridinium cross-links during Spacelab-J. (2/31)
In SLJ-1 we proposed to study three major objectives. They were; 1. hormonal changes associated with fluid and electrolyte metabolism, 2. the effect of space flight on the circadian rhythms of endocrine and metabolic systems, 3. the changes in the indices of the bone and muscle metabolism during space flight. In this report, the changes in the bone metabolism during Spacelab-J will be presented with a special emphasis on urinary excretion of pyridinium cross-links. Timed urine samples from three Japanese payload specialists were obtained for 3 days from May 19 to 21, 1991 (one year before the launch = L-1 year). Immediately before the launch (L-3 to L-0), urine samples were obtained from a payload specialist who was on board the Space Shuttle Endeavor (PS). During the inflight period (flight from September 3 to 10 in 1992), urine samples from the PS were collected by using Urine Monitoring System (UMS). After the landing, they were obtained from the PS for three days (R+0-R+2). Various parameters related to bone metabolism such as hydroxyproline, pyridinium cross-links and calcium were determined. It was noted that excretion of hydroxyproline decreased during the preflight periods when compared with that in the control L-1 year period. The average excretory rate during control period was 846.2 +/- 198.7 milligrams/hour (mean +/- SD), while those in the preflight 474.6 +/- 171.1 milligrams/hour, suggesting the diminished collagen intake during the preflight period. Average excretion rate of pyridinium cross-links during the first 4 mission days (MD0-MD3) was similar to that of preflight and control L-1 year period. However, it was significantly increased during the last 4 mission days (MD4-MD7). It returned to the preflight level during postflight days (R+0-R+2). Increased urinary excretion of calcium during the last 4 mission days were also observed. These results suggest that increase in bone resorption could occur during relatively short stay in microgravity. (+info)A randomized controlled trial of calcium with vitamin D, alone or in combination with intravenous pamidronate, for the treatment of low bone mineral density associated with Crohn's disease. (3/31)
BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis is a common complication of Crohn's disease. AIM: To study the effect on the bone mineral density of a bisphosphonate (pamidronate) given intravenously, in combination with oral calcium and vitamin D supplements, compared with oral calcium and vitamin D supplements alone. METHODS: Seventy-four patients with Crohn's disease and low bone mineral density at the lumbar spine and/or hip were randomized to receive either a daily dose of 500 mg of calcium with 400 IU of vitamin D alone or in combination with four three-monthly infusions of 30 mg of intravenous pamidronate over the course of 12 months. The main outcome measure was the change in bone mineral density at the lumbar spine and hip, measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry, at baseline and 12 months. RESULTS: Both groups gained bone mineral density at the lumbar spine and hip after 12 months. There were significant (P < 0.05) changes in the pamidronate group, with gains of + 2.6%[95% confidence interval (CI), 1.4-3.0] at the spine and + 1.6% (95% CI, 0.6-2.5) at the hip, compared with gains of + 1.6% (95% CI, - 0.1-3.2) and + 0.9% (95% CI, - 0.4-2.1) at the spine and hip, respectively, in the group taking vitamin D and calcium supplements alone. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with Crohn's disease and low bone mineral density, intravenous pamidronate significantly increases the bone mineral density at the lumbar spine and hip. (+info)Rapid hip bone loss in active Crohn's disease patients receiving short-term corticosteroid therapy. (4/31)
BACKGROUND: Uncertainty over whether corticosteroids cause bone loss in patients with Crohn's disease may reflect their short, intermittent use. AIM: We investigated whether a 2-month course of prednisolone is associated with detectable bone loss. METHODS: Fifteen patients with active Crohn's disease and 19 controls with inactive Crohn's disease were recruited. Bone mineral density of the lumbar spine and hip was measured at baseline and 2 and 8 months. RESULTS: At 2 months, significant bone loss was found in patients with active disease (femoral neck -2.7%, P < 0.002; Ward's triangle -3.9%, P < 0.01). Although bone mineral density was still lower at 8 months, these differences were no longer significant (-1.3% and -3.4%, femoral neck and Ward's triangle, respectively). No significant change in hip bone mineral density was observed in controls. Previous corticosteroid use was not significantly associated with baseline bone mineral density, although significant independent associations were observed between weight, site of disease and lumbar spine bone mineral density, and between dietary calcium deficiency and femoral neck and Ward's triangle bone mineral density. CONCLUSION: Significant bone loss at the hip can be detected in patients receiving corticosteroid treatment for 2 months for active Crohn's disease ; however, it remains unclear whether this is because of disease activity or its treatment. This rapid bone loss may represent a risk factor for fracture and justify bone protective therapy. (+info)Muscle strength is a determinant of bone mineral content in the hemiparetic upper extremity: implications for stroke rehabilitation. (5/31)
Individuals with stroke have a high incidence of bone fractures and approximately 30% of these fractures occur in the upper extremity. The high risk of falls and the decline in bone and muscle health make the chronic stroke population particularly prone to upper extremity fractures. This was the first study to investigate the bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), and soft tissue composition of the upper extremities and their relationship to stroke-related impairments in ambulatory individuals with chronic stroke (onset >1 year). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to acquire total body scans on 56 (22 women) community-dwelling individuals (>or=50 years of age) with chronic stroke. BMC (g) and BMD (g/cm2), lean mass (g), and fat mass (g) for each arm were derived from the total body scans. The paretic upper extremity was evaluated for muscle strength (hand-held dynamometry), impairment of motor function (Fugl-Meyer motor assessment), spasticity (Modified Ashworth Scale), and amount of use of the paretic arm in daily activities (Motor Activity Log). Results showed that the paretic arm had significantly lower BMC (13.8%, P<0.001), BMD (4.5%, P<0.001), and lean mass (9.0%, P<0.001) but higher fat mass (6.3%, P=0.028) than the non-paretic arm. Multiple regression analysis showed that lean mass in the paretic arm, height, and muscle strength were significant predictors (R2=0.810, P<0.001) of the paretic arm BMC. Height, muscle strength, and gender were significant predictors (R2=0.822, P<0.001) of lean mass in the paretic arm. These results highlight the potential of muscle strengthening to promote bone health of the paretic arm in individuals with chronic stroke. (+info)Association between phosphate removal and markers of bone turnover in haemodialysis patients. (6/31)
BACKGROUND: As the main mineral reservoir, bone acts as a calcium (Ca) and phosphate buffering system. Accordingly, phosphate removal by haemodialysis (HD) might be theoretically influenced by bone turnover, as well as by the interaction of regulatory molecules, such as PTH and osteoprotegerin (OPG). The present study investigated the relationship between these variables and phosphate removal by HD. METHODS: Blood samples for serum Ca, phosphate, bicarbonate, intact PTH, PTH (1-84), bone alkaline phosphatase, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b, OPG and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) were obtained in 28 HD patients. Phosphate removal was measured by a continuous collection of the dialysate. RESULTS: Pre-dialysis serum phosphate concentration is the critical factor in determining dialytic phosphate removal. However, multiple regression analysis reveals that phosphate removal is better explained by a combination of factors than by phosphate concentration alone. In this model, the PTH/OPG ratio is an additional positive factor, whereas age and vitamin D treatment are negative factors. Patients with pre-HD bicarbonate higher than 20 mEq/l had higher serum phosphate and, accordingly, higher phosphate removal; of interest, these individuals also have significant differences in RANKL/OPG. Mean (SD) OPG levels were significantly higher than that in the healthy population (16.2 (12.5) pmol/l; these values correlated with age (r = 0.4, P<0.04). Mean serum RANKL (1.03 (1.02) pmol/l) was within the range of normal individuals. CONCLUSIONS: Dialytic phosphate removal has a crucial, direct relationship with pre-HD plasma phosphate levels. However, the phenomenon of phosphate removal is more precisely explained using a more complex relationship, defined by the interaction between serum phosphate, PTH/OPG, age and vitamin D administration. Serum RANKL levels are first reported in HD patients, and are not different from the normal population. (+info)Natural calcium isotopic composition of urine as a marker of bone mineral balance. (7/31)
BACKGROUND: We investigated whether changes in the natural isotopic composition of calcium in human urine track changes in net bone mineral balance, as predicted by a model of calcium isotopic behavior in vertebrates. If so, isotopic analysis of natural urine or blood calcium could be used to monitor short-term changes in bone mineral balance that cannot be detected with other techniques. METHODS: Calcium isotopic compositions are expressed as delta(44)Ca, or the difference in parts per thousand between the (44)Ca/(40)Ca of a sample and the (44)Ca/(40)Ca of a standard reference material. delta(44)Ca was measured in urine samples from 10 persons who participated in a study of the effectiveness of countermeasures to bone loss in spaceflight, in which 17 weeks of bed rest was used to induce bone loss. Study participants were assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups: controls received no treatment, one treatment group received alendronate, and another group performed resistive exercise. Measurements were made on urine samples collected before, at 2 or 3 points during, and after bed rest. RESULTS: Urine delta(44)Ca values during bed rest were lower in controls than in individuals treated with alendronate (P <0.05, ANOVA) or exercise (P <0.05), and lower than the control group baseline (P <0.05, t-test). Results were consistent with the model and with biochemical and bone mineral density data. CONCLUSION: Results confirm the predicted relationship between bone mineral balance and calcium isotopes, suggesting that calcium isotopic analysis of urine might be refined into a clinical and research tool. (+info)Disease progression in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome: impact on growth and development. (8/31)
OBJECTIVES: Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome is a rare and uniformly fatal segmental "premature aging" disease that affects a variety of organ systems. We sought to more clearly define the bone and weight abnormalities in patients with progeria as potential outcome parameters for prospective clinical trials. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We collected and analyzed longitudinal medical information, both retrospectively and prospectively, from a total of 41 children with Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome spanning 14 countries, from the Progeria Research Foundation Medical and Research Database at the Brown University Center for Gerontology. RESULTS: In addition to a number of previously well-defined phenotypic findings in children with progeria, this study identified abnormalities in the eruption of secondary incisors lingually and palatally in the mandible and maxilla, respectively. Although bony structures appeared normal in early infancy, clavicular resorption, coxa valga, avascular necrosis of the femoral head, modeling abnormalities of long bones with slender diaphyses, flared metaphyses, and overgrown epiphyses developed. Long bones showed normal cortical thickness centrally and progressive focal demineralization peripherally. The most striking finding identified in the retrospective data set of 35 children was an average weight increase of only 0.44 kg/year, beginning at approximately 24 months of age and persisting through life, with remarkable intrapatient linearity. This rate is >2 SD below normal weight gain for any corresponding age and sharply contrasts with the parabolic growth pattern for normal age- and gender-matched children. This finding was also confirmed prospectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis shows evidence of a newly identified abnormal growth pattern for children with Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. The skeletal and dental findings are suggestive of a developmental dysplasia rather than a classical aging process. The presence of decreased and linear weight gain, maintained in all of the patients after the age of 2 years, provides the ideal parameter on which altered disease status can be assessed in clinical trials. (+info)In the medical field, pathologic bone demineralization is often diagnosed through tests such as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans, which measure bone mineral density (BMD), and bone biopsy, which examines bone tissue samples for signs of mineral loss. Treatment options may include addressing underlying causes, hormone replacement therapy, medications to increase bone density, and lifestyle modifications such as exercise and a balanced diet rich in calcium and vitamin D.
In summary, pathologic bone demineralization is a condition where there is an abnormal loss of minerals from the bones, leading to weakened bones and an increased risk of fractures. It can occur due to various underlying causes, and is diagnosed through tests such as DXA scans and bone biopsy. Treatment options include addressing underlying causes, hormone replacement therapy, medications to increase bone density, and lifestyle modifications.
Demineralization is the opposite process of remineralization, where minerals are deposited back onto the tooth surface. Demineralization can progress over time and lead to tooth decay, also known as dental caries, if not treated promptly. Early detection and prevention of demineralization through good oral hygiene practices and regular dental check-ups can help to prevent tooth decay and maintain a healthy tooth structure.
Tooth demineralization can be detected early on by dental professionals using various diagnostic tools such as radiographs (x-rays) or visual examination of the teeth. Treatment options for demineralization depend on the severity of the condition and may include fluoride treatments, fillings, or other restorative procedures to repair damaged tooth structures.
It is important to maintain good oral hygiene practices such as brushing twice a day with fluoride toothpaste, flossing once a day, and limiting sugary snacks and drinks to prevent demineralization and promote remineralization of the teeth. Regular dental check-ups are also crucial in detecting early signs of demineralization and ensuring proper treatment to maintain good oral health.
Prevention includes regular dental check-ups, good oral hygiene practices such as brushing and flossing, a balanced diet, avoiding sugary snacks and drinks, and quitting smoking. Treatment options may include fillings, crowns, root canals, and extractions.
Root caries is different from other types of tooth decay, such as coronal caries, which affects the crown or enamel of the tooth. It requires specialized dental care and attention to prevent and treat effectively.
Symptoms may include sensitivity, discomfort, visible holes or stains on teeth, bad breath, and difficulty chewing or biting. If left untreated, dental caries can progress and lead to more serious complications such as abscesses, infections, and even tooth loss.
To prevent dental caries, it is essential to maintain good oral hygiene habits, including brushing your teeth at least twice a day with fluoride toothpaste, flossing daily, and using mouthwash regularly. Limiting sugary foods and drinks and visiting a dentist for regular check-ups can also help prevent the disease.
Dental caries is treatable through various methods such as fillings, crowns, root canals, extractions, and preventive measures like fissure sealants and fluoride applications. Early detection and prompt treatment are crucial to prevent further damage and restore oral health.
Tooth erosion can lead to sensitive teeth, pain, and discomfort when eating or drinking hot or cold foods and beverages. In severe cases, it can cause teeth to appear yellow or brown, become brittle and prone to breaking, or even result in tooth loss.
To prevent tooth erosion, good oral hygiene practices such as regular brushing and flossing, avoiding acidic foods and drinks, and using a fluoride-based toothpaste can help protect teeth from acid wear. Dental sealants or varnishes may also be applied to the teeth to provide extra protection against erosion.
If tooth erosion has already occurred, dental treatments such as fillings, crowns, or veneers may be necessary to repair damaged teeth. In severe cases, teeth may need to be extracted and replaced with dental implants or bridges.
Osteomalacia
List of MeSH codes (C05)
Salivary gland
Tooth enamel
Human tooth
Interventional radiology
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Osteoporosis2
- OSTEOPOROSIS is permanent, includes reduction of total bone mass, and is associated with increased rate of fractures. (nih.gov)
- The condition that causes reduced bone strength typically does so throughout the skeleton (eg, osteoporosis, osteomalacia, or osteogenesis imperfecta), but may be more localized (eg, demineralization in a limb due to disuse). (chestervetclinic.com)
Cementum2
- Dentin, cementum, and bone are mineralized hard tissues. (bvsalud.org)
- Histologically root resorption is an irreversible demineralization of the cementum (sometimes of the dentin) of the surface of the root of a tooth [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Resorption2
- Diffuse demineralization attributed to trabecular resorption is the most common plain radiographic sign of primary hyperparathyroidism. (medscape.com)
- However, while bone is continuously remodeling by resorption/neoformation during life, tooth's hard tissues are not. (bvsalud.org)
Fractures2
- Fatigue, insufficiency, and pathologic fractures. (chestervetclinic.com)
- Even more significant, oral-facial trauma from sports injuries will result in facial bone fractures, concussion, permanent brain injury, temporomandibular dysfunction, blinding eye injuries, and even death. (nih.gov)
Decrease1
- Decrease, loss, or removal of the mineral constituents of bones. (nih.gov)
Cortical2
- Arterial stiffness was assessed by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) and cross-sectional cortical bone area (cCSA) was assessed at the level of the mid-tibia with computed tomography (CT) imaging. (nih.gov)
- Three types exist and may coexist: tibial microfracture, bone stress reaction or cortical fracture periostalgia from chronic avulsion of the periosteum at the periosteal-fascial junction chronic compartment syndrome syndrome Detmer DE. (chestervetclinic.com)
Clinical3
- Use of Bisphosphonates, Calcium and Vitamin D for Bone Demineralization in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials. (bvsalud.org)
- The present study performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials using bisphosphonates for bone demineralization in human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) patients . (bvsalud.org)
- Clinical profile and indicators of bone metabolism of the participants were evaluated regarding effect size, homogeneity, and consistency. (bvsalud.org)
Common1
- Accumulating evidence indicate that arterial stiffness and bone demineralization might share common pathways. (nih.gov)
Trauma1
- Osteoradionecrosis (soft tissue and bone necrosis) can be spontaneous or secondary to trauma, extractions, or dental prostheses. (dentistsomerset.com)
Study1
- The aims of this study were to evaluate whether the association between arterial stiffness and bone demineralization is independent of age, and to explore putative mechanisms that may mediate their relationship. (nih.gov)
Introduction1
- Determinants of damage formation in bone include the magnitude and rate of introduction of applied loads, and the absolute number of loading cycles . (chestervetclinic.com)
Level1
- it is at this level that forces summate to permanently damage the bone . (chestervetclinic.com)
Weightlessness1
- Temporary loss of bone mineral content is especially associated with space flight, weightlessness, and extended immobilization. (nih.gov)
Disorders2
- Hearing loss previously has been linked to other pathologic bone disorders, including otosclerosis and Paget disease . (medscape.com)
- Acid-Base Disorders Acid-base disorders are pathologic changes in carbon dioxide partial pressure (Pco2) or serum bicarbonate (HCO3 − ) that typically produce abnormal arterial pH values. (msdmanuals.com)
TECHNIQUE1
- [ 9 ] MRI is the gold-standard imaging modality for detection of bone marrow involvement and the preferred imaging technique to rule out spinal cord compression in patients with multiple myeloma, whereas PET/CT provides valuable prognostic data and aids in assessment of response to therapy. (medscape.com)
Involve1
- Plausibly, systemic bone demineralization could involve the temporal bone, the otic capsule, and the middle ear ossicles. (medscape.com)
Mineral density2
- We compared the bone mineral density (BMD) of adult Wilson disease (WD) patients (n = 148), with an age- and gender-matched healthy control population (n = 148). (nih.gov)
- Results were consistent with the model and with biochemical and bone mineral density data.Results confirm the predicted relationship between bone mineral balance and calcium isotopes, suggesting that calcium isotopic analysis of urine might be refined into a clinical and research tool. (nih.gov)
Loss3
- delta(44)Ca was measured in urine samples from 10 persons who participated in a study of the effectiveness of countermeasures to bone loss in spaceflight, in which 17 weeks of bed rest was used to induce bone loss. (nih.gov)
- In terms of the mechanisms responsible for the association, the authors note that in addition to compromising more prominent skeletal sites, bone loss could potentially extend to structures in the ear. (medscape.com)
- Decrease, loss, or removal of the mineral constituents of bones. (nih.gov)
Mass2
- Bone mass at peripheral sites is correlated with bone mass at central sites, such as hip and spine, with correlation coefficients between 0.6 and 0.7," they explain. (medscape.com)
- OSTEOPOROSIS is permanent, includes reduction of total bone mass, and is associated with increased rate of fractures. (nih.gov)
Process1
- CALCIFICATION, PHYSIOLOGIC is the process of bone remineralizing. (nih.gov)
Results1
- [ 8 ] Patients suspected of having multiple myeloma based on bone marrow aspirate results or hypergammaglobulinemia should undergo a radiographic skeletal survey. (medscape.com)
Patients1
- MRI can provide information that is complementary to a skeletal survey and was recommended for use in patients with normal radiographic images and in all patients with an apparently solitary plasmacytoma of bone. (medscape.com)