AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsInformation ScienceHealth Care
TestisBlood-Brain BarrierRete TestisSpermatogenesisSertoli CellsCryptorchidismLeydig CellsBlood-Testis BarrierSpermatidsSpermatozoaSpermatogoniaSeminiferous EpitheliumBlood-Retinal BarrierEpididymisSpermatocytesBlood-Air BarrierTestosteroneTesticular DiseasesTesticular NeoplasmsTight JunctionsCommunication BarriersPermeabilitySperm CountOrgan SizeMolecular Sequence DataInfertility, MaleRNA, MessengerGerm CellsGenitalia, MaleOrchitisSpermatic Cord TorsionSexual MaturationScrotumTissue DistributionOccludinImmunohistochemistryCapillary PermeabilityAmino Acid SequenceBase SequenceRats, Sprague-DawleyOrgan SpecificityBlood-Aqueous BarrierSex DifferentiationOrchiectomyReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionFertilityOvarySex-Determining Region Y ProteinZonula Occludens-1 ProteinDNA, ComplementarySeminal VesiclesIn Situ HybridizationElectric ImpedanceBlood-Nerve BarrierSex Determination ProcessesFollicle Stimulating HormoneGonadsSertoli Cell TumorCell Membrane PermeabilityGene ExpressionOrchiopexyGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalBrainDibutyl PhthalateMice, Inbred C57BLTime FactorsCloning, MolecularBlotting, NorthernHealth Services AccessibilityMembrane ProteinsSperm MotilityCells, CulturedReproductionLuteinizing HormoneEpidermisSeminomaTesticular HormonesSperm MaturationClaudinsRats, WistarBlotting, WesternAnimals, NewbornMeiosisVaricoceleSequence Homology, Amino AcidSpermatic CordMice, KnockoutGene Expression RegulationInhibinsSOX9 Transcription FactorMice, HairlessGenes, sryDiethylhexyl PhthalateClaudin-5Intestinal Mucosa
Testis
The male gonad containing two functional parts: the SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES for the production and transport of male germ cells (SPERMATOGENESIS) and the interstitial compartment containing LEYDIG CELLS that produce ANDROGENS.
Blood-Brain Barrier
Specialized non-fenestrated tightly-joined ENDOTHELIAL CELLS with TIGHT JUNCTIONS that form a transport barrier for certain substances between the cerebral capillaries and the BRAIN tissue.
Rete Testis
The network of channels formed at the termination of the straight SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES in the mediastinum testis. Rete testis channels drain into the efferent ductules that pass into the caput EPIDIDYMIS.
Spermatogenesis
The process of germ cell development in the male from the primordial germ cells, through SPERMATOGONIA; SPERMATOCYTES; SPERMATIDS; to the mature haploid SPERMATOZOA.
Sertoli Cells
Supporting cells projecting inward from the basement membrane of SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES. They surround and nourish the developing male germ cells and secrete ANDROGEN-BINDING PROTEIN and hormones such as ANTI-MULLERIAN HORMONE. The tight junctions of Sertoli cells with the SPERMATOGONIA and SPERMATOCYTES provide a BLOOD-TESTIS BARRIER.
Cryptorchidism
A developmental defect in which a TESTIS or both TESTES failed to descend from high in the ABDOMEN to the bottom of the SCROTUM. Testicular descent is essential to normal SPERMATOGENESIS which requires temperature lower than the BODY TEMPERATURE. Cryptorchidism can be subclassified by the location of the maldescended testis.
Leydig Cells
Steroid-producing cells in the interstitial tissue of the TESTIS. They are under the regulation of PITUITARY HORMONES; LUTEINIZING HORMONE; or interstitial cell-stimulating hormone. TESTOSTERONE is the major androgen (ANDROGENS) produced.
Blood-Testis Barrier
A specialized barrier, in the TESTIS, between the interstitial BLOOD compartment and the adluminal compartment of the SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES. The barrier is formed by layers of cells from the VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM of the capillary BLOOD VESSELS, to the SEMINIFEROUS EPITHELIUM of the seminiferous tubules. TIGHT JUNCTIONS form between adjacent SERTOLI CELLS, as well as between the ENDOTHELIAL CELLS.
Spermatids
Male germ cells derived from the haploid secondary SPERMATOCYTES. Without further division, spermatids undergo structural changes and give rise to SPERMATOZOA.
Spermatozoa
Mature male germ cells derived from SPERMATIDS. As spermatids move toward the lumen of the SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES, they undergo extensive structural changes including the loss of cytoplasm, condensation of CHROMATIN into the SPERM HEAD, formation of the ACROSOME cap, the SPERM MIDPIECE and the SPERM TAIL that provides motility.
Spermatogonia
Euploid male germ cells of an early stage of SPERMATOGENESIS, derived from prespermatogonia. With the onset of puberty, spermatogonia at the basement membrane of the seminiferous tubule proliferate by mitotic then meiotic divisions and give rise to the haploid SPERMATOCYTES.
Seminiferous Epithelium
The epithelium lining the seminiferous tubules composed of primary male germ cells (SPERMATOGONIA) and supporting SERTOLI CELLS. As SPERMATOGENESIS proceeds, the developing germ cells migrate toward the lumen. The adluminal compartment, the inner two thirds of the tubules, contains SPERMATOCYTES and the more advanced germ cells.
Blood-Retinal Barrier
A specialized transport barrier, in the EYE, formed by the retinal pigment EPITHELIUM, and the ENDOTHELIUM of the BLOOD VESSELS of the RETINA. TIGHT JUNCTIONS joining adjacent cells keep the barrier between cells continuous.
Epididymis
The convoluted cordlike structure attached to the posterior of the TESTIS. Epididymis consists of the head (caput), the body (corpus), and the tail (cauda). A network of ducts leaving the testis joins into a common epididymal tubule proper which provides the transport, storage, and maturation of SPERMATOZOA.
Spermatocytes
Male germ cells derived from SPERMATOGONIA. The euploid primary spermatocytes undergo MEIOSIS and give rise to the haploid secondary spermatocytes which in turn give rise to SPERMATIDS.
Blood-Air Barrier
The barrier between capillary blood and alveolar air comprising the alveolar EPITHELIUM and capillary ENDOTHELIUM with their adherent BASEMENT MEMBRANE and EPITHELIAL CELL cytoplasm. PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE occurs across this membrane.
Testosterone
A potent androgenic steroid and major product secreted by the LEYDIG CELLS of the TESTIS. Its production is stimulated by LUTEINIZING HORMONE from the PITUITARY GLAND. In turn, testosterone exerts feedback control of the pituitary LH and FSH secretion. Depending on the tissues, testosterone can be further converted to DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE or ESTRADIOL.
Testicular Diseases
Pathological processes of the TESTIS.
Testicular Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the TESTIS. Germ cell tumors (GERMINOMA) of the testis constitute 95% of all testicular neoplasms.
Tight Junctions
Cell-cell junctions that seal adjacent epithelial cells together, preventing the passage of most dissolved molecules from one side of the epithelial sheet to the other. (Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2nd ed, p22)
Communication Barriers
Those factors, such as language or sociocultural relationships, which interfere in the meaningful interpretation and transmission of ideas between individuals or groups.
Permeability
Property of membranes and other structures to permit passage of light, heat, gases, liquids, metabolites, and mineral ions.
Sperm Count
A count of SPERM in the ejaculum, expressed as number per milliliter.
Organ Size
The measurement of an organ in volume, mass, or heaviness.
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Infertility, Male
The inability of the male to effect FERTILIZATION of an OVUM after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Male sterility is permanent infertility.
RNA, Messenger
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
Germ Cells
The reproductive cells in multicellular organisms at various stages during GAMETOGENESIS.
Genitalia, Male
The male reproductive organs. They are divided into the external organs (PENIS; SCROTUM;and URETHRA) and the internal organs (TESTIS; EPIDIDYMIS; VAS DEFERENS; SEMINAL VESICLES; EJACULATORY DUCTS; PROSTATE; and BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS).
Orchitis
Inflammation of a TESTIS. It has many features of EPIDIDYMITIS, such as swollen SCROTUM; PAIN; PYURIA; and FEVER. It is usually related to infections in the URINARY TRACT, which likely spread to the EPIDIDYMIS and then the TESTIS through either the VAS DEFERENS or the lymphatics of the SPERMATIC CORD.
Spermatic Cord Torsion
The twisting of the SPERMATIC CORD due to an anatomical abnormality that left the TESTIS mobile and dangling in the SCROTUM. The initial effect of testicular torsion is obstruction of venous return. Depending on the duration and degree of cord rotation, testicular symptoms range from EDEMA to interrupted arterial flow and testicular pain. If blood flow to testis is absent for 4 to 6 h, SPERMATOGENESIS may be permanently lost.
Sexual Maturation
Achievement of full sexual capacity in animals and in humans.
Scrotum
A cutaneous pouch of skin containing the testicles and spermatic cords.
Tissue Distribution
Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios.
Occludin
A MARVEL domain protein that plays an important role in the formation and regulation of the TIGHT JUNCTION paracellular permeability barrier.
Immunohistochemistry
Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.
Capillary Permeability
The property of blood capillary ENDOTHELIUM that allows for the selective exchange of substances between the blood and surrounding tissues and through membranous barriers such as the BLOOD-AIR BARRIER; BLOOD-AQUEOUS BARRIER; BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER; BLOOD-NERVE BARRIER; BLOOD-RETINAL BARRIER; and BLOOD-TESTIS BARRIER. Small lipid-soluble molecules such as carbon dioxide and oxygen move freely by diffusion. Water and water-soluble molecules cannot pass through the endothelial walls and are dependent on microscopic pores. These pores show narrow areas (TIGHT JUNCTIONS) which may limit large molecule movement.
Amino Acid Sequence
The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.
Base Sequence
The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.
Organ Specificity
Characteristic restricted to a particular organ of the body, such as a cell type, metabolic response or expression of a particular protein or antigen.
Blood-Aqueous Barrier
The selectively permeable barrier, in the EYE, formed by the nonpigmented layer of the EPITHELIUM of the CILIARY BODY, and the ENDOTHELIUM of the BLOOD VESSELS of the IRIS. TIGHT JUNCTIONS joining adjacent cells keep the barrier between cells continuous.
Sex Differentiation
The process in developing sex- or gender-specific tissue, organ, or function after SEX DETERMINATION PROCESSES have set the sex of the GONADS. Major areas of sex differentiation occur in the reproductive tract (GENITALIA) and the brain.
Orchiectomy
The surgical removal of one or both testicles.
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.
Fertility
The capacity to conceive or to induce conception. It may refer to either the male or female.
Ovary
The reproductive organ (GONADS) in female animals. In vertebrates, the ovary contains two functional parts: the OVARIAN FOLLICLE for the production of female germ cells (OOGENESIS); and the endocrine cells (GRANULOSA CELLS; THECA CELLS; and LUTEAL CELLS) for the production of ESTROGENS and PROGESTERONE.
Sex-Determining Region Y Protein
A transcription factor that plays an essential role in the development of the TESTES. It is encoded by a gene on the Y chromosome and contains a specific HMG-BOX DOMAIN that is found within members of the SOX family of transcription factors.
Zonula Occludens-1 Protein
A 195-kDa zonula occludens protein that is distinguished by the presence of a ZU5 domain at the C-terminal of the molecule.
DNA, Complementary
Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.
Seminal Vesicles
A saclike, glandular diverticulum on each ductus deferens in male vertebrates. It is united with the excretory duct and serves for temporary storage of semen. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
In Situ Hybridization
A technique that localizes specific nucleic acid sequences within intact chromosomes, eukaryotic cells, or bacterial cells through the use of specific nucleic acid-labeled probes.
Electric Impedance
The resistance to the flow of either alternating or direct electrical current.
Blood-Nerve Barrier
The barrier between the perineurium of PERIPHERAL NERVES and the endothelium (ENDOTHELIUM, VASCULAR) of endoneurial CAPILLARIES. The perineurium acts as a diffusion barrier, but ion permeability at the blood-nerve barrier is still higher than at the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER.
Sex Determination Processes
The mechanisms by which the SEX of an individual's GONADS are fixed.
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
A major gonadotropin secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Follicle-stimulating hormone stimulates GAMETOGENESIS and the supporting cells such as the ovarian GRANULOSA CELLS, the testicular SERTOLI CELLS, and LEYDIG CELLS. FSH consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is common in the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH, and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.
Gonads
The gamete-producing glands, OVARY or TESTIS.
Sertoli Cell Tumor
Gonadal neoplasm composed entirely of SERTOLI CELLS or may have a component of GRANULOSA CELLS. Some of the Sertoli cell tumors produce ESTROGEN or ANDROGENS, but seldom in sufficient quantity to cause clinical symptoms such as FEMINIZATION or masculinization (VIRILISM).
Cell Membrane Permeability
A quality of cell membranes which permits the passage of solvents and solutes into and out of cells.
Gene Expression
The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.
Orchiopexy
A surgical procedure in which an undescended testicle is sutured inside the SCROTUM in male infants or children to correct CRYPTORCHIDISM. Orchiopexy is also performed to treat TESTICULAR TORSION in adults and adolescents.
Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.
Brain
The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.
Dibutyl Phthalate
A plasticizer used in most plastics and found in water, air, soil, plants and animals. It may have some adverse effects with long-term exposure.
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Time Factors
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
Cloning, Molecular
The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.
Blotting, Northern
Detection of RNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.
Health Services Accessibility
The degree to which individuals are inhibited or facilitated in their ability to gain entry to and to receive care and services from the health care system. Factors influencing this ability include geographic, architectural, transportational, and financial considerations, among others.
Membrane Proteins
Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.
Sperm Motility
Movement characteristics of SPERMATOZOA in a fresh specimen. It is measured as the percentage of sperms that are moving, and as the percentage of sperms with productive flagellar motion such as rapid, linear, and forward progression.
Cells, Cultured
Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.
Reproduction
The total process by which organisms produce offspring. (Stedman, 25th ed)
Luteinizing Hormone
A major gonadotropin secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Luteinizing hormone regulates steroid production by the interstitial cells of the TESTIS and the OVARY. The preovulatory LUTEINIZING HORMONE surge in females induces OVULATION, and subsequent LUTEINIZATION of the follicle. LUTEINIZING HORMONE consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is common in the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.
Epidermis
The external, nonvascular layer of the skin. It is made up, from within outward, of five layers of EPITHELIUM: (1) basal layer (stratum basale epidermidis); (2) spinous layer (stratum spinosum epidermidis); (3) granular layer (stratum granulosum epidermidis); (4) clear layer (stratum lucidum epidermidis); and (5) horny layer (stratum corneum epidermidis).
Seminoma
A radiosensitive, malignant neoplasm of the testis, thought to be derived from primordial germ cells of the sexually undifferentiated embryonic gonad. There are three variants: classical (typical), the most common type; anaplastic; and spermatocytic. The classical seminoma is composed of fairly well differentiated sheets or cords of uniform polygonal or round cells (seminoma cells), each cell having abundant clear cytoplasm, distinct cell membranes, a centrally placed round nucleus, and one or more nucleoli. In the female, a grossly and histologically identical neoplasm, known as dysgerminoma, occurs. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Testicular Hormones
Hormones produced in the testis.
Sperm Maturation
The maturing process of SPERMATOZOA after leaving the testicular SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES. Maturation in SPERM MOTILITY and FERTILITY takes place in the EPIDIDYMIS as the sperm migrate from caput epididymis to cauda epididymis.
Claudins
A large family of transmembrane proteins found in TIGHT JUNCTIONS. They take part in the formation of paracellular barriers and pores that regulate paracellular permeability.
Rats, Wistar
A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.
Blotting, Western
Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.
Animals, Newborn
Refers to animals in the period of time just after birth.
Meiosis
A type of CELL NUCLEUS division, occurring during maturation of the GERM CELLS. Two successive cell nucleus divisions following a single chromosome duplication (S PHASE) result in daughter cells with half the number of CHROMOSOMES as the parent cells.
Varicocele
A condition characterized by the dilated tortuous veins of the SPERMATIC CORD with a marked left-sided predominance. Adverse effect on male fertility occurs when varicocele leads to an increased scrotal (and testicular) temperature and reduced testicular volume.
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.
Spermatic Cord
Either of a pair of tubular structures formed by DUCTUS DEFERENS; ARTERIES; VEINS; LYMPHATIC VESSELS; and nerves. The spermatic cord extends from the deep inguinal ring through the INGUINAL CANAL to the TESTIS in the SCROTUM.
Mice, Knockout
Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.
Gene Expression Regulation
Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.
Inhibins
Glycoproteins that inhibit pituitary FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE secretion. Inhibins are secreted by the Sertoli cells of the testes, the granulosa cells of the ovarian follicles, the placenta, and other tissues. Inhibins and ACTIVINS are modulators of FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE secretions; both groups belong to the TGF-beta superfamily, as the TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA. Inhibins consist of a disulfide-linked heterodimer with a unique alpha linked to either a beta A or a beta B subunit to form inhibin A or inhibin B, respectively
SOX9 Transcription Factor
A SOXE transcription factor that plays a critical role in regulating CHONDROGENESIS; OSTEOGENESIS; and male sex determination. Loss of function of the SOX9 transcription factor due to genetic mutations is a cause of CAMPOMELIC DYSPLASIA.
Mice, Hairless
Mutant strains of mice that produce little or no hair.
Genes, sry
The primary testis-determining gene in mammalians, located on the Y CHROMOSOME. It codes for a high mobility group box transcription factor (TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS) which initiates the development of the TESTES from the embryonic GONADS.
Diethylhexyl Phthalate
An ester of phthalic acid. It appears as a light-colored, odorless liquid and is used as a plasticizer for many resins and elastomers.
Claudin-5
A claudin subtype that is found localized to TIGHT JUNCTIONS in VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELLS. The protein was initially identified as one of several proteins which are deleted in VELOCARDIOFACIAL SYNDROME and may play an important role in maintaining the integrity of the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER.
Intestinal Mucosa
Lining of the INTESTINES, consisting of an inner EPITHELIUM, a middle LAMINA PROPRIA, and an outer MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE. In the SMALL INTESTINE, the mucosa is characterized by a series of folds and abundance of absorptive cells (ENTEROCYTES) with MICROVILLI.

Passage of leptin across the blood-testis barrier. (1/152)

Leptin is a 17-kDa protein, secreted by fat, that controls adiposity and has been proposed to have numerous effects on reproduction in the mouse. To assess whether the effects of leptin on testicular function are direct, we determined whether leptin can cross the murine blood-testis barrier. Multiple time regression analysis showed that a small amount of blood-borne leptin is able to enter the testis but does so by a nonsaturable process. In addition, no significant expression of leptin receptors was found at the Leydig cells or Sertoli cells of the testis. This compares with the presence of a saturable transport system for leptin at the blood-brain barrier and abundant receptors for leptin at the leptomeninges, neurons, and choroid plexus of the central nervous system (CNS). These results support the hypothesis that the effects of leptin on reproductive function are not mediated at the level of the testis but indirectly, probably through the CNS.  (+info)

Evaluation of cholesteryl ester transfer in the seminiferous tubule cells of immature rats in vivo and in vitro. (2/152)

Sertoli cells and germ cells are separated from the interstitial blood capillaries by an extracellular matrix and the peritubular cells, which constitute a barrier to the movement of plasma lipoproteins. The present study was undertaken to evaluate in vivo and in vitro the high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesteryl ester transfer from plasma to seminiferous tubule cells in the testis of 30-day-old rats. Firstly, the transfer of HDL cholesteryl oleate from plasma to testicular compartments was evaluated and, secondly, the role of apolipoproteins A-I and E in the uptake of cholesteryl ester by Sertoli cells was investigated. At 2 h after the administration of HDL reconstituted with [3H]cholesteryl ester, dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine and apolipoproteins, the tissue space in the interstitial cells (740 +/- 60 microliters g-1 cell protein) was fourfold higher than that in the seminiferous tubule cells (170 +/- 10 microliters g-1). Sertoli cells were isolated and incubated with [3H]cholesteryl ester HDL reconstituted with apolipoprotein A-I or E to evaluate the mechanisms of cholesteryl ester influx. At the same apolipoprotein concentration (50 micrograms apolipoprotein ml-1 medium), the uptake of [3H]cholesteryl oleate from phospholipid-apolipoprotein E vesicles was twofold higher than that with phospholipid-apolipoprotein A-I vesicles. The presence of heparin reduced the uptake of cholesteryl ester from apolipoprotein E vesicles but not with apolipoprotein A-I vesicles, indicating that uptake of apolipoprotein A-I vesicles via a secretion of apolipoprotein E by the cells themselves was not involved. These results demonstrate that plasma lipoprotein cholesterol is able to cross the testis lamina propria and that Sertoli cells take up cholesteryl ester for seminiferous tubule cell metabolism mainly via an apolipoprotein E pathway.  (+info)

Passive immunization with anti-laminin immunoglobulin G modifies the integrity of the seminiferous epithelium and induces arrest of spermatogenesis in the guinea pig. (3/152)

In the testis, the base of the Sertoli cells is in contact with the basement membrane matrix, in which the laminins constitute the major noncollagenous components. We have previously demonstrated that antibodies against a preparation enriched in basement membranes of seminiferous tubules (STBM) or a noncollagenous fraction of STBM passively transferred induced modifications to the basement membranes and focal sloughing of the seminiferous epithelium in the rat. In the present report, we tested the effect of passive immunization with anti-laminin IgG on the limiting membrane of the seminiferous tubules, spermatogenesis, and maintenance of the blood-testis barrier in the adult guinea pig. Rabbit antibodies to laminin 1 (IgG fraction) were injected in adult male guinea pigs (GP). Nonimmunized GP and GP immunized with normal rabbit serum IgG were used as controls. Measurements of variations in the diameter and lumen of the tubules and in the size of individual components of the tubular limiting membrane showed that the highest percentage of tubules with reduced lumen occurred 30 days after passive immunization with anti-laminin, when the limiting membrane was thickest and lesions to the seminiferous epithelium were most severe. The lesions included thickening of the limiting membrane, infolding in the basal lamina, deposits of immune complexes coincident with sloughing of pachytene spermatocytes and spermatids, and vacuolization of the Sertoli cells. Mononuclear cell infiltration of the tubules was rare. Permeability tracer studies revealed that Sertoli cell tight junctions remained impermeable. Fifty and 80 days after treatment, the basement membrane of the tubules and the progression of the spermatogenesis were normal. Passive immunization with anti-laminin IgG provided a valuable experimental model for the in vivo study of the influence of the basement membrane on the issue of spermatogenesis and the integrity of the seminiferous epithelium.  (+info)

Effect of efferent duct ligation on the function of the blood-testis barrier in rats. (4/152)

The function of the blood-testis barrier has been assessed from the ratio of the Cr-EDTA space in the parenchyma to the measured interstitial volume in the testes of rats at various times after unilateral ligation of the efferent ducts. The barrier remained effective during the phase of fluid accumulation and testicular mass gain, which was linear for at least 24 h, but the testis mass began to decrease between 32 and 40 h after efferent duct ligation, and the Cr-EDTA space at 40 and 48 h after efferent duct ligation exceeded the volume of the interstitial tissue. This finding indicated that, at these times, the barrier to Cr-EDTA, which is normally excluded from the tubules, had broken down and the marker was entering the tubules. Thereafter, the Cr-EDTA space decreased again to be less than the interstitial tissue volume, indicating a restoration of the barrier function, although degeneration of the seminiferous epithelium continued to become more obvious. The present study is the first report of a reversible breakdown of the barrier, but the relevance of the breakdown to the effects on spermatogenesis requires further study.  (+info)

Testicular damage by microcirculatory disruption and colonization of an immune-privileged site during Borrelia crocidurae infection. (5/152)

The agent of African relapsing fever, Borrelia crocidurae, causes reversible multiple organ damage. We hypothesize that this damage is caused when the spirochete forms aggregate with erythrocytes in vivo, creating rosettes that plug the microcirculatory system. To test this hypothesis, we compared testicular microcirculation over an extended time period in two groups of rats: one experimentally inoculated with B. crocidurae, the other with the nonerythrocyte rosette-forming Borrelia hermsii. In the B. crocidurae group, erythrocyte rosettes formed during spiro-chetemia blocked precapillary blood vessels and reduced the normal pattern of microcirculatory blood flow. After spirochetemia, erythrocyte rosettes disappeared and flow was normalized. Decreased blood flow and focal vascular damage with increased permeability and interstitial bleeding adjacent to the erythrocyte microemboli induced cell death in seminiferous tubules. Interestingly, we found that B. crocidurae could penetrate the tubules and remain in the testis long after the end of spirochetemia, suggesting that the testis can serve as a reservoir for this bacteria in subsequent relapses. The group infected with B. hermsii displayed normal testicular blood flow and vasomotion at all selected time points, and suffered no testicular damage. These results confirmed our hypothesis that the erythrocyte rosettes produce vascular obstruction and are the main cause of histopathology seen in model animal and human infections.  (+info)

A 22-amino acid synthetic peptide corresponding to the second extracellular loop of rat occludin perturbs the blood-testis barrier and disrupts spermatogenesis reversibly in vivo. (6/152)

When Sertoli cells were cultured in vitro on Matrigel-coated bicameral units, the assembly of the inter-Sertoli tight junction (TJ) permeability barrier correlated with an induction of occludin expression. Inclusion of a 22-amino acid peptide, NH(2)-GSQIYTICSQFYTPGGTGLYVD-COOH, corresponding to residues 209-230 in the second extracellular loop of rat occludin, at 0.2-4 microM into Sertoli cell cultures could perturb the assembly of Sertoli TJs dose-dependently and reversibly. This peptide apparently exerts its effects by interfering with the homotypic interactions of two occludin molecules between adjacent Sertoli cells at the sites of TJs, thereby disrupting TJs, which, in turn, causes a decline in transepithelial electrical resistance across the Sertoli cell epithelium. When similar experiments were performed using a 22-amino acid myotubularin peptide, NH(2)-TKVNERYELCDTYPALLAVPAN-COOH (residues 156-177), no effects on the assembly of inter-Sertoli TJs in vitro were noted. When a single dose of this synthetic occludin peptide was administered to adult rats intratesticularly at 1.5-10 mg/testis, germ cells began to deplete from the seminiferous epithelium within 8-16 days. By 27 days, virtually all tubules were devoid of germ cells. This antispermatogenic effect was reversible, because germ cells progressively repopulated the epithelium thereafter. Treated testes were indistinguishable from normal or control testes by 68 days post-occludin peptide treatment when assessed using histological analysis. In contrast, control rats receiving either no treatment, vehicle alone, or a 22-amino acid synthetic peptide of myotubularin displayed no changes in the testicular morphology at all time points. The occludin peptide-induced germ cell depletion was also accompanied by a disruption of the blood-testis barrier (BTB) when assessed by micropuncture techniques quantifying [(125)I]-BSA in rete testis fluid and seminiferous tubular fluid following i.v. administration of [(125)I]-BSA through the jugular vein. These results illustrate that the occludin peptide-induced disruption of the BTB may possibly affect the underlying adherens junctions, which causes premature release of germ cells from the epithelium and reversible infertility.  (+info)

Expression of a blood-brain barrier-specific antigen in the reproductive tract of the male rat. (7/152)

The endothelial barrier antigen (EBA) is a protein expressed specifically by the endothelial cells of the rat brain barrier vessels. This antigen has been described as a 'barrier protein' and is used as a marker for the competent blood-brain barrier. A blood-testis barrier has also been described. However, unlike the blood-brain barrier, which is formed by endothelial cells, the blood-testis barrier is formed mainly by the Sertoli cells, which provide an isolated environment for spermatogenic cells within the seminiferous tubules. Testicular blood vessels express the erythroid glucose transporter protein and other markers, which are strongly expressed in brain blood vessels, and may contribute to the blood-testis barrier. This study was carried out to determine whether Sertoli cells or testicular blood vessels express EBA. Tissues of other organs were used as controls for EBA expression. EBA was expressed by the endothelial cells in most microvessels of the testis, and in a few vessels of the epididymis, seminal vesicle, prostate gland, vas deferens and bladder-neck region. Furthermore, EBA was strongly and consistently detected in epithelial cells of the rete testis and dorsolateral prostate gland, and in a few epithelial cells of the ventral prostate gland, the seminal vesicle and the coagulating gland. However, Sertoli cells, which are the main site of the blood-testis barrier, were negative for EBA. In conclusion, EBA may have a wider role in rat tissues than has been previously appreciated.  (+info)

Cr(V) involvement in the toxicity pathway of testicular damage. (8/152)

AIM: The functional integrity of the blood-testis barrier (BTB) in male mice exposed to Cr(V) was studied in order to clarify the mechanism underlying testicular injury. METHODS: Adult male mice were subcutaneously injected repeated doses of 8.02 micromol (0.5 ml) of Cr/mouse.day for 5 days. Animals receiving a similar volume of bis(hydroxyethyl)-aminotris(hydroxymethyl)methane buffer (BT) were used as controls. The animals were sacrificed on day 6 and small fragments of seminiferous tubules, approximately 8-10 mm length, were incised and sutured at both ends. They were exposed in vitro to horseradish peroxidase-containing culture medium for 10 minutes. Tissues were then fixed and processed for ultrastructural studies. RESULTS: Controls and Cr(V)-treated group resulted in the uptake of the tracer by Sertoli cells. However, the major finding consisted in the permeability of the BTB only in the Cr(V)-group, as evidenced by the presence of the tracer within the junctions between the neighbouring Sertoli cells. CONCLUSION: The BTB is disrupted in mice submitted to Cr(V). The permeability of the BTB is a crucial feature to be investigated for the understanding of lesions within the seminiferous tubule.  (+info)

An in vitro system to study Sertoli cell blood-testis barrier dynamics | Population CouncilAn in vitro system to study Sertoli cell blood-testis barrier dynamics | Population Council
The use of an in vitro system based on primary cultures of Sertoli cells isolated from rat testes has greatly facilitated the study of the blood-testis barrier in recent years. Herein, we summarize the detailed procedures on the isolation of undifferentiated Sertoli cells from 20-day-old rat testes, the culture of these cells as a monolayer on Matrigel-coated bicameral units, the characterization of these cultured cells, and the use of the Sertoli cell epithelium for monitoring the integrity of the Sertoli cell blood-testis barrier. This information is based on the routine use of this system in our laboratory to study the Sertoli cell blood-testis barrier in the past two decades, which should be helpful for investigators in the field.. ...
http://www.popcouncil.org/research/an-in-vitro-system-to-study-sertoli-cell-blood-testis-barrier-dynamics
P-glycoprotein regulates blood-testis barrier dynamics via its effects on the occludin/zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1) protein...P-glycoprotein regulates blood-testis barrier dynamics via its effects on the occludin/zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1) protein...
The blood-testis barrier (BTB), one of the tightest blood-tissue barriers in the mammalian body, creates an immune-privileged site for postmeiotic spermatid development to avoid the production of antibodies against spermatid-specific antigens, many of which express transiently during spermiogenesis and spermiation. However, the BTB undergoes extensive restructuring at stage VIII of the epithelial cycle to facilitate the transit of preleptotene spermatocytes and to prepare for meiosis. This action thus prompted us to investigate whether this stage can be a physiological window for the delivery of therapeutic and/or contraceptive drugs across the BTB to exert their effects at the immune-privileged site. Herein, we report findings that P-glycoprotein, an ATP-dependent efflux drug transporter and an integrated component of the occludin/zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1) adhesion complex at the BTB, structurally interacted with focal adhesion kinase (FAK), creating the occludin/ZO-1/FAK/P-glycoprotein ...
http://www.popcouncil.org/research/p-glycoprotein-regulates-blood-testis-barrier-dynamics-via-its-effects-on-t
Regulation of blood-testis barrier by actin binding proteins and prote by Nan Li, Elizabeth I. Tang et al.Regulation of blood-testis barrier by actin binding proteins and prote by Nan Li, Elizabeth I. Tang et al.
The blood-testis barrier (BTB) is an important ultrastructure in the testis since the onset of spermatogenesis coincides with the establishment of a functional barrier in rodents and humans. It is also noted that a delay in the assembly of a functional BTB following treatment of neonatal rats with drugs such as diethylstilbestrol or adjudin also delays the first wave of spermiation. While the BTB is one of the tightest blood-tissue barriers, it undergoes extensive remodeling, in particular at stage VIII of the epithelial cycle to facilitate the transport of preleptotene spermatocytes connected in clones across the immunological barrier. Without this timely transport of preleptotene spermatocytes derived from type B spermatogonia, meiosis will be arrested, causing aspermatogenesis. Yet the biology and regulation of the BTB remains largely unexplored since the morphological studies in the 1970s. Recent studies, however, have shed new light on the biology of the BTB. Herein, we critically evaluate some of
https://knowledgecommons.popcouncil.org/departments_cbr_basic-research/96/
Sperm Immunity of Womens - Biology-OnlineSperm Immunity of Womens - Biology-Online
Sperm are immunogenic - that is they will cause an autoimmune reaction if transplanted from the testis into a different part of the body. This has been demonstrated in experiments using rats by Lansteiner (1899) and Metchinikoff (1900),[11][12] mice [13] and guinea pigs.[14] The likely reason for this is that sperm first mature at puberty, after immune tolerance is established, therefore the body recognizes them as foreign and mounts an immune reaction against them. Therefore, mechanisms for their protection must exist in this organ to prevent any autoimmune reaction. The blood-testis barrier is likely to contribute to the survival of sperm. However, it is believed in the field of testicular immunology that the blood-testis barrier cannot account for all immune suppression in the testis, due to (1) its incompleteness at a region called the rete testis [12] and (2) the presence of immunogenic molecules outside the blood-testis barrier, on the surface of spermatogonia.[11][12] Another mechanism ...
https://www.biology-online.org/biology-forum/viewtopic.php?t=26608
Kinetic Analysis of the Cooperation of P-Glycoprotein (P-gp/Abcb1) and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (Bcrp/Abcg2) in...Kinetic Analysis of the Cooperation of P-Glycoprotein (P-gp/Abcb1) and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (Bcrp/Abcg2) in...
The overlap in the membrane localization and substrate specificities of Bcrp and P-gp has suggested their cooperation in the active efflux in the blood-tissue barriers. A considerable increase in the accumulation of common substrates in the brain of Mdr1a/1b(−/−)/Bcrp(−/−) mice compared with that observed in either Mdr1a/1b(−/−) or Bcrp(−/−) mice has been interpreted as synergistic effect. The present study investigated this synergistic effect kinetically by using erlotinib, flavopiridol, and mitoxantrone as test compounds. Because Cisternino et al. (2004) reported an induction of Bcrp mRNA in the brain capillaries from Mdr1a/1b(−/−) mice, quinidine and dantrolene were used as probes for P-gp and Bcrp, respectively, to examine their adaptive regulation in the knockout strain.. Adaptive regulation of P-gp at the BBB and BTB of Bcrp(−/−) mice is negligible because neither the Cbrain/Cplasma nor the Ctestis/Cplasma of quinidine changed in Bcrp(−/−) mice compared with the ...
https://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/333/3/788?ijkey=0af58226facc063a56d2f13ab2fd87e77fb65ae9&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Ruchira Singh, Ph.D. - University of Rochester Medical CenterRuchira Singh, Ph.D. - University of Rochester Medical Center
The retina is an extension of the central nervous system that has been shown to share the pathological manifestations of a number of neurological disorders, including Alzheimers disease, Parkinsons and multiple sclerosis. Moreover, patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a disease of the central retina, have been shown to have non vision-related cognitive decline. Furthermore, a number of physiological processes that are affected in neuro-degenerative diseases are also impacted in retinal degenerative diseases. To cite a few examples, perturbation in phagocytic clearance, iron metabolism, polarized fluid transport and blood-tissue barrier function are all major cellular characteristics of degenerative diseases of both the retina and the brain. Therefore studying mechanisms of specific retinal degenerative diseases also has significant relevance for understanding other neurological disorders ...
https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/people/29149179-ruchira-singh
Plus itPlus it
The tissues chosen for study (testis, epididymis, and brain) were selected because they contain restrictive vascular barriers limiting the permeability of the tissue to large proteins and other molecules. The presence of vascular boundaries indicates the need for specialized transport of substances into and out of the tissue. The blood-brain barrier is well known, having been first described at the turn of the century (Biedl and Kraus, 1898). It is comprised of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions which serve to restrict the passage of substances from the vasculature into the cerebral interstitium (Brightman and Reese, 1969). The blood-testis barrier was also recognized in the early 1900s and was characterized by electron microscopy in the rat in 1970 (Dym and Fawcett, 1970). A dispute exists over which cells actually comprise the blood-testis barrier, and it has been suggested that there are actually three barriers in the testis of most species: 1) the endothelial lining of the blood ...
http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/289/2/825
Trusted (And Free) Search Engines for Scientific and Academic ResearchTrusted (And Free) Search Engines for Scientific and Academic Research
A computational study of CYP3A4 mediated drug interaction profiles for anti-HIV drugs Regulation of blood-testis barrier dynamics by desmosome, gap junction, hemidesmosome and polarity proteins: An unexpected turn of events Synthesis, biological evaluation, and SAR study of novel pyrazole analogues as inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Part 2. Synthesis of rigid pyrazolones Peer-to-Peer Overlays and Data Integration in a Life Science Grid Diversity of true mangroves and their associates in the Pondicherry region of South India and development of a mangrove knowledgebase Analysis of CYP3A4-HIV-1 protease drugs interactions by computational methods for Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV/AIDS ZifBASE: a database of zinc finger proteins and associated resources A quantitative test of the thermogenesis hypothesis of cetacean brain evolution, using phylogenetic comparative methods A comparative analysis of the preference for dark environments in five teleosts Influence of the estrous cycle in
https://docgo.net/tag/computational-drug-designing
Browsing College of Medicine by Subject Blood-Testis BarrierBrowsing College of Medicine by Subject Blood-Testis Barrier
Yearwood, Ryan; La Barbera, Andrew R.; Marsh, Karen (University of Cincinnati. College of Medicine; University of Cincinnati, 2007-02-06) ...
https://drc.libraries.uc.edu/handle/2374.UC/5/browse?rpp=20&order=ASC&sort_by=-1&value=Blood-Testis+Barrier&etal=-1&type=subject&starts_with=R&ztype=subject&restrict=false
Subcellular architecture of regulatory protein complexes at the bacterial pole - William MoernerSubcellular architecture of regulatory protein complexes at the bacterial pole - William Moerner
Subcellular Architecture of Regulatory Protein Complexes at the Bacterial Pole Recent advances in microscopic imaging with single fluorescent molecules have led...
http://grantome.com/grant/NIH/R01-GM086196-07
A schematic drawing illustrating the likely role of ezr | Open-iA schematic drawing illustrating the likely role of ezr | Open-i
A schematic drawing illustrating the likely role of ezrin in the apical ectoplasmic specialization (ES) during the epithelial cycle in the rat testis. Ezrin is
https://openi.nlm.nih.gov/detailedresult.php?img=PMC4492059_AJA-17-653-g004&req=4
A: Cases from Daily Practice: Different Choices for Different Diabetic Patients - The Procedure and the Patient | CourseraA: Cases from Daily Practice: Different Choices for Different Diabetic Patients - The Procedure and the Patient | Coursera
Video created by Universiteit Leiden, Leiden University Medical Center for the course Clinical Kidney, Pancreas and Islet Transplantation. Now you know the factors of importance before transplantation, including the immunological barriers and ...
https://es.coursera.org/lecture/clinical-kidney-transplantation/a-cases-from-daily-practice-different-choices-for-different-diabetic-patients-50oed
Key Cellular Mechanism Involved in Neurodegeneration and Herpes UncoveredKey Cellular Mechanism Involved in Neurodegeneration and Herpes Uncovered
The discovery of a protein complex at the heart of cellular transport networks could have broad implications for disease research.
https://www.technologynetworks.com/neuroscience/news/key-cellular-mechanism-involved-in-neurodegeneration-and-herpes-uncovered-199094
Blood-testis barrier | definition of blood-testis barrier by Medical dictionaryBlood-testis barrier | definition of blood-testis barrier by Medical dictionary
Looking for online definition of blood-testis barrier in the Medical Dictionary? blood-testis barrier explanation free. What is blood-testis barrier? Meaning of blood-testis barrier medical term. What does blood-testis barrier mean?
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Blood-testis+barrier
Specialized cell contacts and the blood-testis barrier in the seminiferous tubules of the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus). -...Specialized cell contacts and the blood-testis barrier in the seminiferous tubules of the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus). -...
The ultrastructure of Sertoli-Sertoli and Sertoli-germ cell surface specializations in the domestic fowl was studied in material fixed by vascular perfusion through the thoracic aorta. Three main types of surface specializations were found between adjacent Sertoli cells. These are focal tight junctions, desmosome-like devices, and a specialization characterized by the presence of long and dilated subsurface cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum. Typical inter-Sertoli cell junctions similar to those of mammals were absent. Germ cells were attached to Sertoli cells mainly by desmosome-like devices of varying appearance. The junctions between Sertoli cells and elongating or elongated spermatids, the mantle, consisted of only slight condensations of filamentous material in the Sertoli cell. The tight junctions between adjacent Sertoli cells were efficient in preventing lanthanum from passing towards the lumen beyond the level of the spermatogonia.
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Specialized-cell-contacts-and-the-blood-testis-bar-Osman-Ekwall/400b2637a6dbc1d1d472af6b91350e472f621eb5
Most recent papers in the shared collection Drug Interactions | Read by QxMDMost recent papers in the shared collection Drug Interactions | Read by QxMD
Uptake and efflux transporters determine plasma and tissue concentrations of a broad variety of drugs. They are localized in organs such as small intestine, liver, and kidney, which are critical for drug absorption and elimination. Moreover, they can be found in important blood-tissue barriers such as the blood-brain barrier. Inhibition or induction of drug transporters by coadministered drugs can alter pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the victim drugs. This review will summarize in particular clinically observed drug-drug interactions attributable to inhibition or induction of intestinal export transporters [P-glycoprotein (P-gp), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP)], to inhibition of hepatic uptake transporters [organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs)], or to inhibition of transporter-mediated [organic anion transporters (OATs), organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2), multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins (MATEs), P-gp] renal secretion of xenobiotics ...
https://read.qxmd.com/shared-collection/3251
Influence of adenosine triphosphate and ABCB1 (MDR1) genotype on the P-glycoprotein-dependent transfer of saquinavir in the...Influence of adenosine triphosphate and ABCB1 (MDR1) genotype on the P-glycoprotein-dependent transfer of saquinavir in the...
BACKGROUND: The ATP-dependent drug-efflux pump, P-glycoprotein (P-gp) encoded by ABCB1 (MDR1), plays a crucial role in several tissues forming blood-tissue barriers. Absence of a normally functioning P-gp can lead to a highly increased tissue penetration of a number of clinically important drugs. METHODS: We have studied the dose-response effect of exogenous ATP on the placental transfer of the well-established P-gp substrate saquinavir in 17 dually perfused human term placentas. We have also studied the influence of the ABCB1 polymorphisms 2677G,T/A and 3435C,T on placental P-gp expression (n = 44) and the transfer (n = 16) of saquinavir. RESULTS: The present results indicate that the addition of exogenous ATP to the perfusion medium does not affect the function of P-gp as measured by saquinavir transfer across the human placenta. The variant allele 3435T was associated with significantly higher placental P-gp expression than the wild-type alleles. However, neither polymorphism affected ...
http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A45166&c=23&searchType=SIMPLE&language=no&query=&af=%5B%5D&aq=%5B%5B%7B%22personId%22%3A%22authority-person%3A10938%22%7D%5D%5D&aq2=%5B%5B%5D%5D&aqe=%5B%5D&noOfRows=50&sortOrder=author_sort_asc&sortOrder2=title_sort_asc&onlyFullText=false&sf=all
An increase of estrogen receptor α protein level regulates BDE-209-mediated blood-testis barrier disruption during...An increase of estrogen receptor α protein level regulates BDE-209-mediated blood-testis barrier disruption during...
Deca-bromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) regulates various aspects of spermatogenesis and male fertility through its effect on estrogen receptor α (ERα
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11356-018-3784-2?error=cookies_not_supported&code=92fcb424-8bd6-44a6-96b9-3ebba8938f26
Estrogen Receptor-Mediated, Nitric Oxide-Dependent Modulation of the Immunologic Barrier Function of the Endothelium |...Estrogen Receptor-Mediated, Nitric Oxide-Dependent Modulation of the Immunologic Barrier Function of the Endothelium |...
These data suggest a novel mechanism for the inhibition of atherogenesis by E2: preservation of the integrity of an active barrier function of the endothelium by maintenance of endothelial FasL expression. The potential role of FasL in preventing leukocyte extravasation has been shown previously.9 Our data reveal that hypercholesterolemia, a risk factor for atherosclerosis and a precondition for atheroma formation in the rabbit model, reduces FasL expression in vivo, with an associated increase in macrophage infiltration of the arterial wall. E2, assumed to be the atheroprotective factor in premenopausal women, restores/maintains FasL expression and thereby inhibits leukocyte traffic across the endothelium despite the ongoing presence of severely elevated serum cholesterol levels.. In vivo, 2 forms of FasL can be found: a membrane-bound (42 to 48 kDa) and a soluble (sFasL, 26 kDa) FasL form resulting from the release of the extracellular domain of membrane-bound FasL cleaved by ...
http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/104/21/2576
View source for Spermatozoa Development - EmbryologyView source for Spermatozoa Development - Embryology
Header}}[[Image:Frazer002 bw600.jpg,right,300px]] ==Introduction== [[File:Human-spermatozoa.jpg,thumb,Human spermatozoa (light microscope)]] [[File:Human-spermatozoa EM01.jpg,thumb,Human spermatozoa (electron microscope)]] [[File:Single_human_spermatozoa.jpg,thumb,Single human spermatozoa{{#pmid:20529256,PMID20529256}}]] This page introduces spermatogenesis the development of spermatozoa, the male haploid gamete cell. In humans at puberty, spermatozoa are produced by {{spermatogonia}} meiosis in the seminiferous tubules of the testis (male gonad). A second process of {{spermiogenesis}} leads to change in cellular organisation and shape before release into the central lumen of the seminiferous tubule. This overall process has been variously divided into specific identifiable stages in different species: 6 in human, 12 in mouse, and 14 in rat. Structurally, the seminiferous tubule epithelium is divided into a basal and an apical (adluminal) compartment by the blood-testis barrier (BTB). (More? ...
https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=Spermatozoa_Development&action=edit&oldid=378490
Embryonic stem cells: overcoming the immunological barriers to cell replacement therapy. - Oxford NeuroscienceEmbryonic stem cells: overcoming the immunological barriers to cell replacement therapy. - Oxford Neuroscience
The appeal of using embryonic stem (ES) cells for regenerative medicine lies in their pluripotency and resulting ability to differentiate into all somatic cell types. While graft rejection remains the greatest hurdle to their use in the clinic, several approaches have been proposed to protect the allogeneic ES cell-derived grafts from host immunity: the creation of nuclear transfer human ES (hES) cell lines; the development of parthenogenic hES cells and iPS cells; the establishment of a bank of clinically-approved lines; the generation of hematopoietic chimerism and the induction of peripheral tolerance in recipients. Here, we discuss how the immune-privileged features of ES cells and tissues derived from them may influence these approaches and review the strategies and mechanisms involved in sustaining antigen-specific tolerance through interplay between dendritic cells (DC) and regulatory T cells (Treg). This overview therefore surveys prospects for developing novel regimes to prolong acceptance of
https://www.neuroscience.ox.ac.uk/publications/3241
CL:0000216 - resource browserCL:0000216 - resource browser
A supporting cell projecting inward from the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules. They surround and nourish the developing male germ cells and secrete androgen binding protein. Their tight junctions with the spermatogonia and spermatocytes provide a blood-testis barrier. [MESH:A.05.360.444.849.789 ...
http://fantom.gsc.riken.jp/5/sstar/CL:0000216
ICAM2 - WikipediaICAM2 - Wikipedia
Intercellular adhesion molecule 2 (ICAM2), also known as CD102 (Cluster of Differentiation 102), is a human gene, and the protein resulting from it. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) family. All ICAM proteins are type I transmembrane glycoproteins, contain 2-9 immunoglobulin-like C2-type domains, and bind to the leukocyte adhesion LFA-1 protein. ICAM-2 molecules regulate spermatid adhesion on Sertori cell on the apical side of the blood-testis barrier (towards the lumen), thus playing a major role in spermatogenesis. This protein may also play a role in lymphocyte recirculation by blocking LFA-1-dependent cell adhesion. It mediates adhesive interactions important for antigen-specific immune response, NK-cell mediated clearance, lymphocyte recirculation, and other cellular interactions important for immune response and surveillance. ICAM2 has been shown to interact with EZR. Cluster of differentiation GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICAM2
JoVE Author Search: Bodo MJoVE Author Search: Bodo M
Cadmium, Inhibin, Cleft Lip, Cleft Palate, Costs, Emotional Stress, Families, Health, Lip, Palate, Patients, Public Health, Risk, Affect, Annexin V, Anti-mullerian Hormone, Blood, Blood-testis Barrier, Cadmium Chloride, Cells
http://labindex.jove.com/author/Bodo-M
Tropicos | Name - Caribaeohypnum Ando & HiguchiTropicos | Name - Caribaeohypnum Ando & Higuchi
Caribaeohypnum es un género monotípico confinado a las tierras altas tropicales. Fue ubicado previamente en Hypnum y Stereodon. Mientras comparte con Hypnum las hojas falcado-secundas, difiere de este género en el hábito más grande, pliegues fuertes extendiéndose bien arriba de la base de la hoja, particularmente notables en seco, y células alares irregularmente rectangulares fuertemente porosas y con paredes gruesas, excavadas. Los esporofitos en ambos géneros son aparentemente raros; en Caribaeohypnum los dientes del exostoma son papilosos a todo lo largo, estriado-papilosos abajo, la membrana basal es algo baja, con segmentos levemente plegados y no perforados, con cilios rudimentarios o ausentes. En Hypnum los dientes son estriados transversalmente abajo, y sólo papilosos distalmente, la membrana basal es alta, con segmentos plegados y perforados, con 1-3 cilios. Los esporofitos de Caribaeohypnum son desconocidos en los Andes Tropicales, la descripción se basa en Ando e Higuchi ...
http://www.tropicos.org/Name/35001474?projectid=21
Jeffrey L. Platt, M.D. | Microbiology & Immunology | Michigan Medicine | University of MichiganJeffrey L. Platt, M.D. | Microbiology & Immunology | Michigan Medicine | University of Michigan
Kodaira Y, Nair SK, Wrenshall LE, Gilboa E, Platt JL. Phenotypic and functional maturation of dendritic cells modulated by heparan sulfate. J Immunol 165:1599, 2000.. Dempsey LA, Brunn GJ, Platt JL. Heparanase, a potential regulator of cell-matrix interactions.Trends Biochem Sci 25:349, 2000.. Saadi S, Holzknecht RA, Patte CP, Platt JL. Endothelial cell activation by pore-forming structures: pivotal role for IL-1a. Circulation 101:1867, 2000.. Holzknecht ZE, Platt JL.The fine cytokine line between graft acceptance and rejection. Nat Med 6: 497, 2000.. Platt JL. Xenotransplantation: new risks and new gains. Nature 407:27, 2000.. Cascalho M, Platt JL. The immunological barrier to xenotransplantation. Immunity 14:437, 2001.. Cascalho M, Platt JL. Xenotransplantation and other means of organ replacement. Nat Rev Immunol1:154, 2001.. Platt JL. Knocking out xenograft rejection. Nat Biotechnol 20:231, 2002.. Johnson GB, Brunn GJ, Kodaira Y, Platt JL. Receptor-mediated monitoring of tissue well being ...
https://medicine.umich.edu/dept/microbiology-immunology/jeffrey-l-platt-md
1st Essence1st Essence
Essential Skin Defences Activator. Pollution is directly related to an increase of darkspots, dryness, premature ageing, etc. causing alterations such as eczemas or acne. Our skin works as a physical and immunological barrier. When the exposure to high levels of environmental pollution is prolonged and repetitive, its defence capacity is surpassed and its ability to protect and detoxify itself becomes compromised.. EMPOWER YOUR SKIN. When the best offence is a good defence. 1st Essence is the first beauty gesture for our daily ritual. A subliming essence of the outermost skin layers that enhances the efficacy of the following treatments and effectively reinforces the skins defences.. Pure liquid silk that defends facial skin against external aggressors, while subliming the skin.. Multiplying Effect of Efficacy. Enhances the benefits of the ingredients applied afterwards, trapping them and increasing their performance by 100% thanks to an increase of the skins permeability.. A must-have for ...
https://www.germaine-de-capuccini.com/en/products/1st-essence/
Desensitization for solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation - News and Announcements - Solid Phase ImmunoassaysDesensitization for solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation - News and Announcements - Solid Phase Immunoassays
Andrea A. Zachary, Mary S. Leffell Summary: Desensitization protocols are being used worldwide to enable kidney transplantation across immunologic barriers, i.…
http://immunoassays.net/news/desensitization-for-solid-organ-and-hematopoietic-stem-cell-trans
Staff Profile - Faculty of Medical Sciences - Newcastle UniversityStaff Profile - Faculty of Medical Sciences - Newcastle University
01.04.15-31.09.15 MRC Confidence in Concept (£29,126) White MG Shaw JAM - Utilising a novel model of human beta-cell dedifferentiation for screening potential disease-modifying functional impact of candidate therapeutic agents for type 2 diabetes 01.10.15-30.09.18 Diabetes UK (£92,460) Shaw JAM, White M - Defining the role of dedifferentiation as a primary mechanism of beta-cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. 01.01.15-31.12.17 Diabetes UK (£360,436) Shaw JAM, Marshall H, Porat Y - Development of a novel donor human islet / recipient endothelial progenitor cell chimeric tissue transplant for type 1 diabetes. 01.04.14-31.03.17 UK Regenerative Medicine Platform (£4.5M) - led Watt F, Kings College London - Overcoming immunological barriers to regenerative medicine. 01.10.13-30.09.16 Diabetes UK (£93,626) Shaw JAM, Marshall H - Targeting islet inflammation ex vivo and following transplantation. 01.03.13-28.02.16 Dompe (£130,000) (Shaw JAM - UK Chief Investigator) - Target the early ...
http://www.ncl.ac.uk/medicalsciences/research/groups/profile/jimshaw.html
Organ Procurement and Preservation - The Procedure and the Patient | CourseraOrgan Procurement and Preservation - The Procedure and the Patient | Coursera
Video created by Universiteit Leiden, Leiden University Medical Center for the course Clinical Kidney, Pancreas and Islet Transplantation. Now you know the factors of importance before transplantation, including the immunological barriers and ...
https://zh.coursera.org/learn/clinical-kidney-transplantation/lecture/pscVV/organ-procurement-and-preservation
active matteractive matter
Recently Prof Hirst authored a News and Views in Nature focussed on two exciting articles about the cell epithelium as active matter.. Evidence has been found that a biological tissue might behave like a liquid crystal. Even more remarkably, topological defects in this liquid-crystal system seem to influence cell behaviour. A materials physicist and a biologist discuss what the findings mean for researchers in their fields.. Read the full article here. ...
http://hirstlab.ucmerced.edu/?cat=23
Overcoming immunological barriers to living donor kidney transplantation at Stanford University Medical Center<...Overcoming immunological barriers to living donor kidney transplantation at Stanford University Medical Center<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Overcoming immunological barriers to living donor kidney transplantation at Stanford University Medical Center. AU - Ladner, Daniela Patricia. AU - Busque, Stephan. AU - Melcher, Marc Lee. PY - 2008/4/10. Y1 - 2008/4/10. N2 - Aims: The outcome of living donor kidney transplantation (LDKT) is better than the outcome of deceased kidney transplantation, and the deceased donor pool has been slow to expand. Although recipients may have willing and healthy donors, immunological barriers can still prevent successful kidney transplantation. Therefore, we studied kidney transplant candidates at our institution with incompatible living donors to understand the barriers to LDKT and to develop strategies to overcome them. Methods: We identified candidates in our programme who have potential donors that have been rejected either because of ABO incompatibility or because of a positive cross-match. Age, blood type, panel reactive antibody (PRA), donor blood type, donor age and cross-match ...
https://www.scholars.northwestern.edu/en/publications/overcoming-immunological-barriers-to-living-donor-kidney-transpla
AID 590850 - Binding affinity to chicken skeletal muscle tropomyosin within actomyosin protein complex at 125 uM after 1 hr...AID 590850 - Binding affinity to chicken skeletal muscle tropomyosin within actomyosin protein complex at 125 uM after 1 hr...
BioAssay record AID 590850 submitted by ChEMBL: Binding affinity to chicken skeletal muscle tropomyosin within actomyosin protein complex at 125 uM after 1 hr followed by 10 mins irradiation with UVA by SDS-PAGE analysis using coomassie brilliant blue staining.
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/590850
sertoli cells QuickView - Correlation Enginesertoli cells QuickView - Correlation Engine
Supporting cells projecting inward from the basement membrane of SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES. They surround and nourish the developing male germ cells and secrete ANDROGEN-BINDING PROTEIN and hormones such as ANTI-MULLERIAN HORMONE. The tight junctions of Sertoli cells with the SPERMATOGONIA and SPERMATOCYTES provide a BLOOD-TESTIS BARRIER ...
https://accounts.public.ce.basespace.illumina.com/b/search/details/sertoli%20cells?id=&type=
Sertoli CellsSertoli Cells
Supporting cells projecting inward from the basement membrane of SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES. They surround and nourish the developing male germ cells and secrete ANDROGEN-BINDING PROTEIN. Their tight junctions with the SPERMATOGONIA and SPERMATOCYTES provide a BLOOD-TESTIS BARRIER.
http://atlas.centralx.com/p/image/urogenital-system/genitalia/genitalia-male/testis/sertoli-cells/
Why does the male immune system attack its own sperm? (Page 1) - Human Biology and Evolution - Ask a Biologist Q&AWhy does the male immune system attack its own sperm? (Page 1) - Human Biology and Evolution - Ask a Biologist Q&A
One thing the Sertoli cells do is act as a blood-testis barrier preventing sperm-immune cell contact. I believe that spermatozoa themselves have immunosuppressive properties (e.g., maybe by producing anti-inflammatory cytokines). The developing sperm are immunogenic - I guess what is happening here is that spermatozoa are not produced until puberty which is long after the establishment of tolerance to self-antigens (breakdown of tolerance to self is one cause of autoimmune diseases).. The testis immunological microenvironment does not always protect sperm against the male immune system since anti-sperm antibodies are not uncommon (e.g., prevalent in men with vasectomies) and can be one cause of infertility. According to one publication (see - http://molehr.oxfordjournals.org/content/13/7/437.long) there are at as many as 35 immunoreactive antigens in sperm from men with anti-sperm antibodies.. Last edited by Steve Lolait (8th Nov 2011 15:30:37). ...
http://www.askabiologist.org.uk/answers/viewtopic.php?pid=16222
JCI - Absence or pharmacological blocking of placental P-glycoprotein profoundly increases fetal drug exposureJCI - Absence or pharmacological blocking of placental P-glycoprotein profoundly increases fetal drug exposure
In this study we demonstrate that the placental drug-transporting P-gp can profoundly limit the passage of various potentially toxic or therapeutically beneficial P-gp substrate drugs into the fetus. We further show that this placental P-gp can be completely blocked by orally administered PSC833 or GG918, resulting in greatly increased transplacental passage of drugs into the fetus. Previously, Lankas et al. showed that the absence of Mdr1a P-gp in the placenta of naturally occurring Mdr1a mutant fetuses is associated with increased fetal accumulation and toxicity of the pesticide avermectin (13). Taken together, the data demonstrate that the mouse Mdr1a P-gp makes a major contribution to yet another biologically important protective barrier. The list now includes the blood-brain barrier, the blood-nerve barrier, the blood-testis barrier, the maternal-fetal barrier, and the intestinal barrier (10, 12, 13, 25-28). Thus, P-gp activity protects the central blood circulation and a range of tissue ...
https://www.jci.org/articles/view/7963
5.1.1 Testis5.1.1 Testis
5.1.1 Testis (Interactive Diagram) -What are the principal functional compartments of the testis? -What are the functions of the testis? -What is cryptorchidism and what are its consequences? -What is the blood-testis barrier? -What is the function of androgen-binding protein and where is it synthesized ...
https://drc.libraries.uc.edu/handle/2374.UC/189?zamp
Refubium - Etablierung eines histologischen Protokolls zur intestinalen Mukusdarstellung sowie Untersuchungen zum Einfluss...Refubium - Etablierung eines histologischen Protokolls zur intestinalen Mukusdarstellung sowie Untersuchungen zum Einfluss...
Promoting animal health is a central concern in scientific research, for economical as well as ethical reasons. In pig breeding, the period after weaning is particularly critical, especially with regard to intestinal health. Feeding the trace element zinc in amounts above the normally required level has been proven by scientific studies to be effective in preventing diarrhoea after weaning and has shown positive effects on food intake and weight gain as well as an effect on the mucus consistency in the colon. Mucus is produced by goblet cells and is an important physical and immunological barrier to the epithelium of mucosa. As there are no studies to date about the effect of zinc on the thickness of the intestinal mucus layer, the aim of this thesis was to examine the effects of different alimentary zinc dosages on the mucus layer thickness, crypt depth of the intestinal mucosa in the colon and the expression of different mucus peptides in the jejunum and the colon of weaned piglets. The ...
https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/5071
Necrosis - WikiProjectMedNecrosis - WikiProjectMed
Internal factors causing necrosis include: trophoneurotic disorders (diseases that occur due to defective nerve action in a part of an organ which results in failure of nutrition); injury and paralysis of nerve cells. Pancreatic enzymes (lipases) are the major cause of fat necrosis.[12] Necrosis can be activated by components of the immune system, such as the complement system; bacterial toxins; activated natural killer cells; and peritoneal macrophages.[1] Pathogen-induced necrosis programs in cells with immunological barriers (intestinal mucosa) may alleviate invasion of pathogens through surfaces affected by inflammation.[1] Toxins and pathogens may cause necrosis; toxins such as snake venoms may inhibit enzymes and cause cell death.[12] Necrotic wounds have also resulted from the stings of Vespa mandarinia.[14] Pathological conditions are characterized by inadequate secretion of cytokines. Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are also accompanied by intense necrotic death of ...
https://mdwiki.org/wiki/Necrosis
BTEX20radialDiffusionBTEX20radialDiffusion
W.C. Sangren and C.W. Sheppard. A mathematical derivation of the exchange of a labelled substance between a liquid flowing in a vessel and an external compartment. Bull Math BioPhys, 15, 387-394, 1953. C.A. Goresky, W.H. Ziegler, and G.G. Bach. Capillary exchange modeling: Barrier-limited and flow-limited distribution. Circ Res 27: 739-764, 1970. J.B. Bassingthwaighte. A concurrent flow model for extraction during transcapillary passage. Circ Res 35:483-503, 1974. B. Guller, T. Yipintsoi, A.L. Orvis, and J.B. Bassingthwaighte. Myocardial sodium extraction at varied coronary flows in the dog: Estimation of capillary permeability by residue and outflow detection. Circ Res 37: 359-378, 1975. C.P. Rose, C.A. Goresky, and G.G. Bach. The capillary and sarcolemmal barriers in the heart--an exploration of labelled water permeability. Circ Res 41: 515, 1977. J.B. Bassingthwaighte, C.Y. Wang, and I.S. Chan. Blood-tissue exchange via transport and transformation by endothelial cells. Circ. Res. ...
http://physiome.org/jsim/models/webmodel/NSR/BTEX20radialDiffusion/index.html
HKU Scholars Hub: Nitric Oxide/Nitric Oxide Synthase, Spermatogenesis, and Tight Junction DynamicsHKU Scholars Hub: Nitric Oxide/Nitric Oxide Synthase, Spermatogenesis, and Tight Junction Dynamics
During spermatogenesis, preleptotene and leptotene spermatocytes, residing in the basal compartment of the seminiferous epithelium, must traverse the blood-testis barrier (BTB) to gain entry to the adluminal compartment for further development at late stage VIII and early stage IX of the epithelial cycle. As such, the timely opening and closing of the BTB is crucial to spermatogenesis. A compromise in this process can lead to infertility. Moreover, the BTB is unique in its relative localization in the seminiferous epithelium compared to the tight junctions (TJs) found in other epithelia. Sertoli cell TJs are situated near the basal lamina in the testis, closest to the basement membrane (a modified form of extracellular matrix [ECM]), unlike TJs found in other epithelia, which are found nearest the apical portion of an epithelium, farthest away from ECM. Needless to say, BTB function in the testis is maintained by intricate regulatory mechanisms. In addition to hormones and cytokines, nitric ...
http://hub.hku.hk/handle/10722/143479
Vitamin e testosterone - Moisturizer for eyesVitamin e testosterone - Moisturizer for eyes
Effects of dietary vitamin E on daily intake, serum testosterone and epididymal sperm quality in SpragueDawley rats subjected to heat stress.D. T. Yates1, A. F.Vitamin C is an essential vitamin with antioxidant properties.The testosterone test or a free testosterone or bioavailable testosterone test is used to detect low testosterone or high testosterone levels in the blood.Vitamin A crosses the blood-testis barrier in its alcohol form as.. The best testosterone supplements work with your body to increase natural testosterone production.Korean researchers have discovered an association between vitamin D levels and testosterone in healthy women without obesity, according to research published in The ...
http://fifacupbrazil.tk/hapab/vitamin-e-testosterone-1041.php
Biofilm-stimulated epithelium modulates the inflammatory responses in co-cultured immune cells - ResearchOnlineBiofilm-stimulated epithelium modulates the inflammatory responses in co-cultured immune cells - ResearchOnline
TY - JOUR. T1 - Biofilm-stimulated epithelium modulates the inflammatory responses in co-cultured immune cells. AU - Brown, Jason L.. AU - Johnston, William. AU - Delaney, Chris. AU - Rajendran, Ranjith AU - Butcher, John. AU - Khan, Shaz. AU - Bradshaw, David. AU - Ramage, Gordon. AU - Culshaw, Shauna. N1 - Acceptance from webpage OA article. PY - 2019/10/31. Y1 - 2019/10/31. N2 - The gingival epithelium is a physical and immunological barrier to the microbiota of the oral cavity, which interact through soluble mediators with the immune cells that patrol the tissue at the gingival epithelium. We sought to develop a three-dimensional gingivae-biofilm interface model using a commercially available gingival epithelium to study the tissue inflammatory response to oral biofilms associated with health, gingivitis and periodontitis.. These biofilms were developed by sequential addition of microorganisms to mimic the formation of supra- and sub-gingival plaque in vivo. Secondly, to mimic the ...
https://researchonline.gcu.ac.uk/en/publications/biofilm-stimulated-epithelium-modulates-the-inflammatory-response
The existence during gestation of an immunological buffer zone at the interface between maternal and foetal tissues |...The existence during gestation of an immunological buffer zone at the interface between maternal and foetal tissues |...
In mammalian pregnancy the trophoblast normally constitutes an uninterrupted boundary of foetal tissue in immediate contact with maternal tissue, including blood in some species, and is the decisive immunological barrier to rejection of the foetus as an allograft. The ability of the trophoblast to function as a barrier evidently results from its capacity to resist immunological attack by either alloantibody or alloimmune cells and to prevent immunocompetent cells from reaching and damaging the foetus but, as yet, there is no general agreement regarding the means by which it exercises these functions. In view of the dramatic hormonal changes that occur during pregnancy and the undisputed involvement of trophoblast in these endocrine events, the possibility exists of an interaction between the hormones of pregnancy and the immunological phenomena. The present account furnishes evidence that endocrine activity at the maternal surface of the trophoblast, the presumptive site of the immunological ...
http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/271/912/343
Mutagenetix >...Mutagenetix >...
IBD is a chronically recurring inflammatory disorder of the intestine, with causative contributions from genetic, environmental and immunological factors. The clinical appearance of IBD is heterogeneous, and can include diarrhea, abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, fever, weight loss, and signs of malnutrition (1). Crohns disease and ulcerative colitis are the two major forms of IBD. Crohns disease can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract, most frequently the terminal ileum and colon. In contrast, ulcerative colitis exclusively affects the mucosal lining of the colon and rectum. Evidence suggests that IBD results from excessive and sustained inflammatory host immune responses against antigens of commensal intestinal microbes (1). This can occur upon breakdown of the integrity of the intestinal epithelium, which provides a physical and immunological barrier between intestinal mucosa and microbes in the lumen. Defects in the mucosal immune system, at both the cellular and molecular levels, ...
https://mutagenetix.utsouthwestern.edu/protocol/protocol_history_rec.cfm?vid=51
Immune tolerance in pregnancy - WikipediaImmune tolerance in pregnancy - Wikipedia
Immune tolerance in pregnancy or gestational/maternal immune tolerance is the absence of a maternal immune response against (in other words, immune tolerance towards) the fetus and placenta during pregnancy, which thus may be viewed as unusually successful allografts, since they genetically differ from the mother. In the same way, many cases of spontaneous abortion may be described in the same way as maternal transplant rejection. It is studied within the field of reproductive immunology. The placenta functions as an immunological barrier between the mother and the fetus, creating an immunologically privileged site. For this purpose, it uses several mechanisms: It secretes Neurokinin B containing phosphocholine molecules. This is the same mechanism used by parasitic nematodes to avoid detection by the immune system of their host. Also, there is presence of small lymphocytic suppressor cells in the fetus that inhibit maternal cytotoxic T cells by inhibiting the response to interleukin 2. The ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_tolerance_in_pregnancy
Webinar Registration - ZoomWebinar Registration - Zoom
This webinar will discuss new aspects in living donor selection, new techniques in order to minimize surgical trauma in living donors; immunological barriers in living kidney transplantation. Who should attend? Transplant surgeons, nephrologists, immunologists Creators and Moderators: Paolo Rigotti | Padova, Italy - Creator Frank Dor | London, UK - Moderator Speakers: Lluís Guirado | Barcelona, Spain Enrico Benedetti | Chicago, USA Emanuele Cozzi | Padova, Italy
https://us02web.zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_LL8iluGRQHKynLKxH-iXvQ
glossary:neutropeniaglossary:neutropenia
Not enough neutrophils, neutrophils being a type of white blood cell (specifically a form of granulocyte) filled with neutrally-staining granules, tiny sacs of enzymes that help the cell to kill and digest microorganisms it has engulfed by phagocytosis. The mature neutrophil has a segmented nucleus (it is called a seg or poly) while the immature neutrophil has band-shape nucleus (it is called a band). The neutrophil has a lifespan of about 3 days. Neutropenia may be seen with viral infections and after radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Neutropenia lowers the immunologic barrier to bacterial and fungal infection. Granulocytopenia or, as it is also called, agranulocytosis results in a syndrome of frequent chronic bacterial infections of the skin, lungs, etc. Although agranulocytosis literally means no granulocytes, there may, in fact, be some granulocytes but too few of them, i.e. granulocytopenia. Granulocytopenia can be genetic and inherited or it can be acquired as, for example, an aspect of ...
http://imairyf.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=glossary:neutropenia
Gas Transport · Part OneGas Transport · Part One
The steep section allows a large amount of oxygen to be delivered with only a small drop in PaO2, which allows the rate of oxygen delivery to be maintained (as the blood-tissue partial pressure gradient is steep) with an increase in oxygen demand ...
http://www.partone.lifeinthefastlane.com/oxygen_storage.html
Neuroscience2014 | Per sessionNeuroscience2014 | Per session
Our interactions with the outside world trigger changes at synapses that are critical for proper brain development and higher cognitive function. Research in the Greenberg laboratory has focused on the identification of a genetic program that is activated by neuronal activity, the mechanisms of signal transduction that carry the neuronal activity-dependent signal from the membrane to the nucleus, and the identification of regulators of this experience-dependent process that affect synapse development and plasticity. Our recent studies using global screening techniques have identified activity-dependent genes that control 1) the complexity of the dendritic arbor, 2) the formation and maturation of excitatory and inhibitory synapses, 3) the composition of protein complexes at the pre- and post-synaptic sites, and 4) the production and secretion of neuropeptides that control neural circuit development. These activity-regulated processes are critical for normal brain development and function, and ...
http://www.jnss.org/abstract/neuro2014/meeting_planner/sessiondetail.php?id=2014011358&u=1614984611
BTB300M | BlackMAX® Metric Tube Bender Kit | CPS ProductsBTB300M | BlackMAX® Metric Tube Bender Kit | CPS Products
Buy the BlackMAX® Premium Metric Tube Bender Kit (BTB300M) from CPS Products. Forward or reverse bends from 0° to 90° with reverse bending for tight quarters.
https://www.cpsproducts.com/product-details/btb300m/
Stem-cell nicheStem-cell niche
In addition the blood testis barrier provides architectural support and is composed of tight junction components such as ... These tight junctions form the blood testis barrier (BTB) and have been suggested to play a role in isolating differentiated ... Jul 2010). "Molecular dynamics of the blood-testis barrier components during murine spermatogenesis". Mol Reprod Dev. 77 (7): ... been shown to be a necessary component of these tight junctions as mice lacking this gene have a defective blood testis barrier ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stem-cell_niche
Nandrolone decanoateNandrolone decanoate
... it shuts down the natural production of Testosterone by altering blood-testis barrier components. Despite this fact, Nandrolone ... "Nandrolone decanoate interferes with testosterone biosynthesis altering blood-testis barrier components". Journal of Cellular ... The blood half-life for the combined process of hydrolysis into nandrolone and elimination of nandrolone is 4.3 hours. ... Like testosterone, nandrolone is highly protein-bound and is present in the blood in both bound and free fractions. It has very ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nandrolone_decanoate
Reproductive immunologyReproductive immunology
The blood-testis barrier separates the immune system and the developing spermatozoa. The tight junction between the Sertoli ... or immunological interactions across the blood-testis barrier. The concept has been used by fertility clinics to explain the ... cells form the blood-testis barrier but it is usually breached by physiological leakage. Not all sperms are protected by the ... barrier because spermatogonia and early spermatocytes are located below the junction. They are protected by other means like ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproductive_immunology
ImmunocontraceptionImmunocontraception
Spermatozoa are protected from the male's immune system by the blood-testis barrier. However, spermatozoa are deposited into ... Blood samples were taken twice a month, and booster injections were given when antibody titers declined below 50 ng/mL in women ... A novel family of protease inhibitors expressed in the epididymis and testis". Gene. 270 (1-2): 93-102. doi:10.1016/s0378-1119( ... fish exposed to treated sewage effluents were found to have concentrations of the synthetic hormone levonorgestrel in blood ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunocontraception
Immune privilegeImmune privilege
Mital, Payal; Hinton, Barry T.; Dufour, Jannette M. (2011-05-01). "The blood-testis and blood-epididymis barriers are more than ... They create the Sertoli cell barrier, which complements the blood-testis barrier. The protection is ensured by tight junctions ... The blood-testis barrier is likely to contribute to the survival of sperm. However, it is believed in the field of testicular ... immunology that the blood-testis barrier cannot account for all immune suppression in the testis, due to (1) its incompleteness ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_privilege
3-MCPD3-MCPD
It is able to cross the blood-testis barrier and blood-brain barrier. The oral LD50 of 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol is 152 mg/kg ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3-MCPD
Testicular immunologyTesticular immunology
The blood-testis barrier is likely to contribute to the survival of sperm. However, it is believed in the field of testicular ... Risk factors for the formation of antisperm antibodies in men include the breakdown of the blood‑testis barrier, trauma and ... immunology that the blood-testis barrier cannot account for all immune suppression in the testis, due to (1) its incompleteness ... at a region called the rete testis and (2) the presence of immunogenic molecules outside the blood-testis barrier, on the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testicular_immunology
SpermatozoonSpermatozoon
... and HIV-infected white blood cells, thereby avoiding an immune response from the host organism. The blood-testis barrier, ... The blood-testis barrier is also important in preventing toxic substances from disrupting spermatogenesis. Fertilization relies ... prevents communication between the forming spermatozoa in the testis and the blood vessels (and immune cells circulating within ... It also has a ring centriole (annulus) that form a diffusion barrier between the middle piece and the principal piece and serve ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermatozoon
AnkycorbinAnkycorbin
It may also promote the integrity of Sertoli cell tight junctions at the blood testis barrier. RAI14 contains 15 exons and is ... Sertoli cells are involved in the creation of the blood testis barrier and provides a specialized, protected environment within ... testis, and spleen. Within the human brain, RAI14 expression is abundant in the area around the brain stem and medulla. The ... particularly the cell-cell interactions of Sertoli cells from within the testis. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankycorbin
Primary testicular diffuse large B-cell lymphomaPrimary testicular diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
PT-DLBCL develops in an immune privileged site, the testis, which lies within the blood-testes barrier. Immune privileged sites ... About 30-40% of afflicted individuals present concurrently with hydrocele testis, i.e. an enlarged testis due to the ... Cheah CY, Wirth A, Seymour JF (January 2014). "Primary testicular lymphoma". Blood. 123 (4): 486-93. doi:10.1182/blood-2013-10- ... a drug which penetrates the blood-brain barrier or, in cases unable to tolerate high dose systemic methotrexate, intrathecal (i ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_testicular_diffuse_large_B-cell_lymphoma
Stress granuleStress granule
ErLin S, WenJie W, LiNing W, BingXin L, MingDe L, Yan S, RuiFa H (May 2015). "Musashi-1 maintains blood-testis barrier ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_granule
Antisperm antibodiesAntisperm antibodies
Traditionally, the breakdown of the blood-testis barrier had been established as the cause of ASA production. This mechanism ... Apart from breaching of blood-testis barrier, epididymal distension, raised intraluminal pressure, and sperm granuloma ... While IgG and IgA might be present in blood serum and/or genital tract fluids, IgM is only present in blood serum. IgG ... MAR test in its original version is based on the classical Coombs test - sperm is mixed with human red blood cells coated with ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antisperm_antibodies
Tight junction proteinsTight junction proteins
This protein in a cooperation with the second loop of occludin maintains the blood-testis barrier and spermatogenesis. PMP22/ ... JAM-A maintains barrier properties in the endothelium and the epithelium as well as JAM-B and -C in Sertoli cells and ... Therefore the result of the overexpression of mutant occludin in epithelial cells leads to break down the barrier function of ... The different proportion of claudin species in the cell gives them specific barrier properties. Claudins also have a function ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tight_junction_proteins
Junctional adhesion moleculeJunctional adhesion molecule
JAM-1 and JAM-2 are also present in and contribute to the polarity of the blood-testis barrier. Studies have also shown that ... Proteins of the Tight Junction in the Blood-Brain Barrier. Blood-Spinal Cord and Brain Barriers in Health and Disease. San ... Angiogenesis is the generation of blood vessels from old blood vessels. Studies have shown that proteins found in tight ... Greene C, Campbell M, Janigro D (January 2019). "Chapter 1 - Fundamentals of Brain-Barrier Anatomy and Global Functions". In ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junctional_adhesion_molecule
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalateBis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Ingestion of 0.01% DEHP caused damage to the blood-testis barrier as well as induction of experimental autoimmune orchitis. ... DEHP makes these plastics softer and more flexible and was first introduced in the 1940s in blood bags. For this reason, ... Sumner, R.N.; Byers, A.; Zhang, Z. (2021). "Environmental chemicals in dog testes reflect their geographical source and may be ... The results showed that regional differences in concentration of the chemicals are reflected in dog testes and that pathologies ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bis(2-ethylhexyl)_phthalate
SpermatogenesisSpermatogenesis
... via the blood-testis barrier Contribute to the spermatogonial stem cell niche The intercellular adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and ... via the blood-testis barrier Secrete substances initiating meiosis Secrete supporting testicular fluid Secrete androgen-binding ... and the formation of the blood-testis barrier. ABP is essential to concentrating testosterone in levels high enough to initiate ... soluble ICAM-1 have antagonistic effects on the tight junctions forming the blood-testis barrier. ICAM-2 molecules regulate ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermatogenesis
Sperm donationSperm donation
If prevalence was the case, the infectious proteins would then have to cross the blood-testis barrier to make transmission ... and blood group. Some of these catalogues are available via the Internet, while others are only made available to patients when ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sperm_donation
SpermatozoonSpermatozoon
The blood-testis barrier, maintained by the tight junctions between the Sertoli cells of the seminiferous tubules, prevents ... The blood-testis barrier is also important in preventing toxic substances from disrupting spermatogenesis. ... Spermatozoa are produced in the seminiferous tubules of the testes in a process called spermatogenesis. Round cells called ... communication between the forming spermatozoa in the testis and the blood vessels (and immune cells circulating within them) ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermatozoon
ICAM-1ICAM-1
... and soluble ICAM-1 have antagonistic effects on the tight junctions forming the blood-testis barrier, thus playing a ... "Activation of cannabinoid receptor 2 attenuates leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions and blood-brain barrier dysfunction ... Blood. 106 (2): 584-92. doi:10.1182/blood-2004-12-4942. PMC 1635241. PMID 15811956. Gjelstrup LC, Boesen T, Kragstrup TW, ... Blood. 106 (2): 584-92. doi:10.1182/blood-2004-12-4942. PMC 1635241. PMID 15811956. Intercellular+Adhesion+Molecule-1 at the US ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICAM-1
Sertoliho bunka - WikipédiaSertoliho bunka - Wikipédia
DYM, M.; FAWCETT, D. W.. The blood-testis barrier in the rat and the physiological compartmentation of the seminiferous ... Movement of spermatocytes from the basal to the adluminal compartment of the rat testis. American Journal of Anatomy, 1977-03- ... Testis. Endocrinology, 2013-11-01, roč. 154, čís. 11, s. 4365-4376. Dostupné online [cit. 2018-08-22]. ISSN 0013-7227. DOI: ... and their relevance to disorders of testis function in adulthood. Reproduction, 2003-06-01, roč. 125, čís. 6, s. 769 - 784. ...
https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertoliho_bunka
Testicular torsionTesticular torsion
In the process, it creates anti-testicular cell antibodies, or proteins that cross the injured blood-testis barrier and damage ... Gangrene, or a type of tissue damage caused by lack of blood supply, of the testis. Recurrence of torsion may occur even after ... Typically, venous blood flow is compromised first. The increase in venous pressure subsequently causes decreased arterial blood ... Such testes are usually necrotic from birth and must be removed surgically. The exact cause of or specific risk factors for ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testicular_torsion
Sustentacular cellSustentacular cell
They are responsible for the differentiation of spermatids, the maintenance of the blood-testis barrier, and the secretion of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustentacular_cell
ICAM2ICAM2
ICAM-2 molecules regulate spermatid adhesion on Sertoli cell on the apical side of the blood-testis barrier (towards the lumen ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICAM2
BTBBTB
... may refer to: In biology: Blood-testis barrier or Blood-thymus barrier, in testicular anatomy Bovine tuberculosis or ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BTB
Reversible inhibition of sperm under guidanceReversible inhibition of sperm under guidance
Unlike in a vasectomy (see blood-testis barrier), the vas deferens is not completely blocked, the body does not have to absorb ... He originally wanted to create an artificial heart that could pump blood using a strong electrical pulse. Using the 13-chamber ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reversible_inhibition_of_sperm_under_guidance
Social immunitySocial immunity
... blood-ovary/blood-testes barrier, increased number of immune cells relative to non-reproductive organs) can be compared to the ... Clotting in an individual's wounded blood vessels can be compared to the entrance-plugging behaviour of special ant workers in ... to ward off mosquitoes and other blood-sucking ornithophillous (bird-targeting) insects. After the broader definition of social ... "Aromatic plants in bird nests as a protection against blood-sucking flying insects?". Behavioural Processes. 56 (2): 113-120. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_immunity
ABCG2ABCG2
... and at the blood-testis barrier, the blood-brain barrier, and the membranes of hematopoietic progenitor and other stem cells. ... The protein also carries the Jr(a) antigen, which defines the Junior blood group system. It is inhibited by some calcium ... Kniffin CL (2013). "OMIM entry # 614490 - BLOOD GROUP, JUNIOR SYSTEM; JR". Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man. Retrieved 1 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABCG2
Index of human sexuality articlesIndex of human sexuality articles
Birth rate Bisexual pornography Bisexual pride flag Bisexuality Blanchard's transsexualism typology Blood-testis barrier Blood ... Hybristophilia Hydatid of Morgagni Hydrocele testis Hyperactivation Hypergamy Hypergonadism Hypersexual disorder Hypersexuality ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_human_sexuality_articles
P-glycoproteinP-glycoprotein
... and in the capillary endothelial cells composing the blood-brain barrier and blood-testis barrier, where it pumps them back ... This protein also functions as a transporter in the blood-brain barrier. Mutations in this gene are associated with colchicine ... van Assema DM, van Berckel BN (2016). "Blood-Brain Barrier ABC-transporter P-glycoprotein in Alzheimer's Disease: Still a ... Schinkel AH (April 1999). "P-Glycoprotein, a gatekeeper in the blood-brain barrier". Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews. 36 (2-3): ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-glycoprotein
SpermSperm
... the infectious proteins would still have to cross the blood-testis barrier to make transmission possible. Sperm were first ... takes place in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. This process involves the production of several successive sperm cell ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sperm
Sîstema pirbûnê ya zayendî ya mêr - WîkîpediyaSîstema pirbûnê ya zayendî ya mêr - Wîkîpediya
Tunica vasculosa testis. *Appendix. *Mediastinum. *Lobules. *Septa. *Leydig cell. *Sertoli cell. *Blood-testis barrier ...
https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endamên_zayendî_yên_mêran
Glossary of biologyGlossary of biology
blood-brain barrier. A semipermeable membrane separating the blood from the cerebrospinal fluid, and constituting a barrier to ... In humans, the major glands of the endocrine system include the pineal gland, pituitary gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes, ... Also called a white blood cell.. A colourless cell of the immune system which circulates in the blood and body fluids and is ... white blood cell. See leukocyte.. whole genome sequencing. The process of determining the complete DNA sequence of a particular ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_biology
DingoDingo
They kill their prey by biting the throat, which damages the trachea and the major blood vessels of the neck.[63] The size of ... Catling, PC (1979). "Seasonal variation in plasma testosterone and the testis in captive male dingoes, Canis familiaries dingo ... large barrier fences, including the Dingo Fence, excluded them from the sheep-grazing areas. Land clearance, poisoning, and ... "Comparative NMR studies of diffusional water permeability of red blood cells from different species: XVI Dingo (Canis ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dingo
NeuteringNeutering
Vasectomy: In a more delicate procedure than castration, the vasa deferentia - ducts that run from the testes to the penis - ... This instrument uses electricity to heat the blood vessels to seal them and to cut them. No sutures are placed inside. The ... leaving the cervix as a natural barrier). The entire uterus and ovaries are then removed. The abdomen is checked for bleeding ... Studies of cardiac tumors in dogs showed that there was a 5 times greater risk of hemangiosarcoma (cancer of blood vessel ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_sterilization
UrethraUrethra
Blood-testis barrier. Spermatogenesis. *Spermatogonium. *Spermatocytogenesis. *Spermatocyte. *Spermatidogenesis. *Spermatid. * ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Male_urethra
Intersex medical interventionsIntersex medical interventions
The surgeon moves one or both testes, with blood vessels, from an abdominal or inguinal position to the scrotum. If the ... Assuming infant surgery is successful, there is no barrier to engaging in normal sexual activities, and less distortion of ... 1) If the gonads are dysgenetic testes or streak gonads and at least some of the boy's cells have a Y chromosome, the gonads or ... If the gonads are dysgenetic testes or streak gonads and at least some of the cells have a Y chromosome, the gonads or streaks ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intersex_medical_interventions
Medical ultrasoundMedical ultrasound
Hemodynamics (blood circulation)Edit. Blood velocity can be measured in various blood vessels, such as middle cerebral artery ... Superficial structures such as muscle, tendon, testis, breast, thyroid and parathyroid glands, and the neonatal brain are ... until these completely close at about 1 year of age and form a virtually impenetrable acoustic barrier for the ultrasound. The ... A blood flow study is done prior to the injection, by power doppler. The blood flow can be destroyed and the node become ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_ultrasonography
VasectomyVasectomy
After vasectomy, the testes remain in the scrotum where Leydig cells continue to produce testosterone and other male hormones ... Short-term possible complications include infection, bruising and bleeding into the scrotum resulting in a collection of blood ... in which a tissue barrier is placed between the cut ends of the vas by suturing, may help to prevent this type of failure, ... Temporary local inflammation of the testes, long-term genital pain.. There are several methods by which a surgeon might ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasectomy
Organ transplantationOrgan transplantation
These other transplants are otherwise impossible due to blood type or antibody barriers to transplantation. The "Good Samaritan ... Transplant of a single gonad (testis) from a living donor was carried out in early July 1926 in Zaječar, Serbia, by a Russian ... "Blood Harvest: The Slaughter" (PDF). End Organ Pillaging: 428.. *^ Samuels, Gabriel (29 June 2016). "China kills millions of ... In living donors, the donor remains alive and donates a renewable tissue, cell, or fluid (e.g., blood, skin), or donates an ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ_transplants
PregnenolonePregnenolone
... is lipophilic and readily crosses the blood-brain barrier.[17] This is in contrast to pregnenolone sulfate, which ... 20-desmolase activity takes place in the human testis.. ... does not cross the blood-brain barrier.[18][19] Metabolism[edit ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnenolone
P-glycoproteinP-glycoprotein
... and in the capillary endothelial cells composing the blood-brain barrier and blood-testis barrier, where it pumps them back ... Schinkel AH (April 1999). "P-Glycoprotein, a gatekeeper in the blood-brain barrier". Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews. 36 (2-3): ... This protein also functions as a transporter in the blood-brain barrier. Mutations in this gene are associated with colchicine ... van Assema DM, van Berckel BN (2016). "Blood-Brain Barrier ABC-transporter P-glycoprotein in Alzheimer's Disease: Still a ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-glycoprotein
gamma-Aminobutyric acidgamma-Aminobutyric acid
GABA does not cross the blood-brain barrier,[2] although certain areas of the brain that have no effective blood-brain barrier ... GABA has also been detected in other peripheral tissues including intestines, stomach, Fallopian tubes, uterus, ovaries, testes ... Traditionally it was thought that exogenous GABA did not penetrate the blood-brain barrier,[2] however more current research[3] ... It has been traditionally thought that exogenous GABA (i.e. taken as a supplement) doesn't cross the blood-brain barrier,[2] ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma-Aminobutyric_acid
EpitheliumEpithelium
... but no blood supply and must be nourished by substances diffusing from the blood vessels in the underlying tissue. The basement ... The thinness of the epithelial barrier facilitates these processes.[3]. In general, simple epithelial tissues are classified by ... and the germinal epithelium that lines the walls of the seminferous tubules in the testes are also of the cuboidal type. ... A specialised form of epithelium - endothelium forms the inner lining of blood vessels and the heart, and is known as vascular ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epithelial_cell
Germinal epithelium (male)Germinal epithelium (male)
... blood testis barrier) ... known as the wall of the seminiferous tubule within the testes ... Histology image: 17803loa - Histology Learning System at Boston University - "Male Reproductive System: testis, germinal ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seminiferous_epithelium
Male reproductive systemMale reproductive system
Blood-testis barrier. Spermatogenesis. *Spermatogonium. *Spermatocytogenesis. *Spermatocyte. *Spermatidogenesis. *Spermatid. * ... Testis[edit]. Main article: Testicle. Testis has two major functions: To produce sperm by meiotic division of germ cells within ... All of the structures remain attached to the testis and form what is known as the spermatic cord by the time the testis is in ... Genetic sex determines whether the gonads will be testes or ovaries. In the developing embryo if the testes are developed, it ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Male_reproductive_system_
Lead poisoningLead poisoning
Lead is able to pass through the endothelial cells at the blood brain barrier because it can substitute for calcium ions and be ... Dimercaprol used alone may also redistribute lead to the brain and testes.[188] An adverse side effect of calcium EDTA is renal ... Blood film examination may reveal basophilic stippling of red blood cells (dots in red blood cells visible through a microscope ... of whole blood, in a venous blood sample, as the reference blood lead level for adults. An elevated BLL is defined as a BLL ≥5 ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_poisoning
Virus del Zika - Viquipèdia, lenciclopèdia lliureVirus del Zika - Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure
A Three-Dimensional Cell Culture System To Model RNA Virus Infections at the Blood-Brain Barrier» (en anglès). mSphere, 2017 ... Ma, W; Li, S; Ma, S; Jia, L; et al «Zika Virus Causes Testis Damage and Leads to Male Infertility in Mice» (en anglès). Cell, ... Saá P, Proctor M, Foster G, Krysztof D, et al «Investigational Testing for Zika Virus among U.S. Blood Donors» (en anglès). N ... Musso D, Richard V, Teissier A, Stone M, et al «Detection of ZIKV RNA in semen of asymptomatic blood donors» (en anglès). Clin ...
https://ca.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus_del_Zika
TesticleTesticle
The blood-testis barrier. Large molecules cannot pass from the blood into the lumen of a seminiferous tubule due to the ... Thus, the blood-testis barrier may reduce the likelihood that sperm proteins will induce an immune response, reducing fertility ... The function of the blood-testis barrier (red highlight in diagram above) may be to prevent an auto-immune reaction. Mature ... Blood supply and lymphatic drainage. Blood supply and lymphatic drainage of the testes and scrotum are distinct:. *The paired ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testicle
Male contraceptiveMale contraceptive
A condom is a sheath-shaped barrier device that may be used during sexual intercourse to reduce the probability of pregnancy. ... Requiring the maintenance of testes at 116 °F (47 °C) (just below the threshold of pain) for 45 minutes, it is not a widely ... A total of 83 men completed the study and successfully provided the researchers with blood and cholesterol samples. The ... It effectively blocks the production of sperm by the testes, and lacks the adverse effects of previously researched hormonal ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Male_contraceptive
PlacentaPlacenta
... but no intermingling of fetal and maternal blood occurs ("placental barrier").[14] ... Examples of proteins with elevated expression in placenta compared to other organs and tissues are PEG10 and the cancer testis ... The placenta also provides a reservoir of blood for the fetus, delivering blood to it in case of hypotension and vice versa, ... Placental blood circulation Archived 2011-09-28 at the Wayback Machine *^ a b Kiserud T, Acharya G (2004). "The fetal ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placenta
ProstateProstate
Blood-testis barrier. Spermatogenesis. *Spermatogonium. *Spermatocytogenesis. *Spermatocyte. *Spermatidogenesis. *Spermatid. * ... The secretions also contain zinc with a concentration 500-1,000 times the concentration in blood. ... level in the blood, or checking for the presence of the protein Engrailed-2 (EN2) in the urine. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostate_disease
TestosteroneTestosterone
... which crosses the blood-brain barrier and enters the male brain, whereas female fetuses have α-fetoprotein, which binds the ... The largest amounts of testosterone (,95%) are produced by the testes in men,[2] while the adrenal glands account for most of ... In male humans, testosterone plays a key role in the development of male reproductive tissues such as testes and prostate, as ... Berthold AA (1849). "Transplantation der Hoden" [Transplantation of testis]. Arch. Anat. Physiol. Wiss. (in German). 16: 42-6. ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testosterone
MelatoninMelatonin
... located in the center of the brain but outside the blood-brain barrier. Light/dark information reaches the suprachiasmatic ... Melatonin can cause nausea, next-day grogginess, and irritability.[29] In the elderly, it can cause reduced blood flow and ... Immediate-release formulations cause blood levels of melatonin to reach their peak in about an hour. The hormone may be ... In animals, melatonin is involved in synchronizing the circadian rhythms including sleep-wake timing, blood pressure regulation ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mela-T
Immune toleranceImmune tolerance
Women who have borne multiple children by the same father typically have antibodies against the father's red blood cell and ... Reactions are mounted, however, to pathogenic microbes and microbes that breach physiological barriers. Peripheral mucosal ... like in the eye or testes) or has strong molecular signals in place to prevent dangerous inflammation (like in the brain). The ... Self-antigens are present due to endogenous expression, importation of antigen from peripheral sites via circulating blood, and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunological_tolerance
Subcutaneous tissue of penisSubcutaneous tissue of penis
Blood-testis barrier. Spermatogenesis. *Spermatogonium. *Spermatocytogenesis. *Spermatocyte. *Spermatidogenesis. *Spermatid. * ... The penis in transverse section, showing the blood vessels. (Superficial fascia labeled at center left.) ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subcutaneous_tissue_of_penis
EpididymisEpididymis
Blood-testis barrier. Spermatogenesis. *Spermatogonium. *Spermatocytogenesis. *Spermatocyte. *Spermatidogenesis. *Spermatid. * ... In reptiles, there is an additional canal between the testis and the head of the epididymis and which receives the various ... Spermatozoa formed in the testis enter the caput epididymis, progress to the corpus, and finally reach the cauda region, where ... The head of the epididymis receives spermatozoa via the efferent ducts of the mediastinium of the testis. It is characterized ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epididymis
Wikipedia:Greinar sem ættu að vera til/Eldra2, frjálsa alfræðiritiðWikipedia:Greinar sem ættu að vera til/Eldra2, frjálsa alfræðiritið
Eista (Testicle (fræðiheiti:testis)). *Leggöng (Vagina). *Leg (Uterus (enska:womb)). *Eggjastokkur (eggjakerfi) (Ovary ( ... Kóralrifið mikla (Great Barrier Reef). *Stóru vötnin (Great Lakes). *Indlandshaf (Indian Ocean) ... Blóð (Blood). *Hjarta (Heart). *Innkirtlakerfi (Endocrine system). *Meltingarfæri (Gastrointestinal tract) *Digurgirni (Large ...
https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Greinar_sem_ættu_að_vera_til/Eldra2
Definitions of blood-testis barrier - OneLook Dictionary SearchDefinitions of blood-testis barrier - OneLook Dictionary Search
Blood-Testis Barrier: Medical Dictionary [home, info] *blood-testis barrier: online medical dictionary [home, info] *Blood- ... We found 7 dictionaries that include the word blood-testis barrier: General (2 matching dictionaries). *Blood-testis barrier: ... Blood-testis barrier: Legal dictionary [home, info] Computing (1 matching dictionary). *Blood-testis barrier: Encyclopedia [ ... Search for blood-testis barrier on Google or Wikipedia Search completed in 0.018 seconds.. Home Reverse Dictionary Customize ...
https://www.onelook.com/?lang=all&w=blood-testis+barrier
Blood-testis barrier - WikipediaBlood-testis barrier - Wikipedia
The blood-testis barrier is a physical barrier between the blood vessels and the seminiferous tubules of the animal testes. The ... This composition is maintained by blood-testis barrier. The barrier also protects the germ cells from blood-borne noxious ... Blood-air barrier - Membrane separating alveolar air from blood in lung capillaries Blood-brain barrier - Semipermeable ... "blood-testis barrier" is misleading in that it is not a blood-organ barrier in a strict sense, but is formed between Sertoli ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood%E2%80%93testis_barrier
The Biology of Blood-Testis Barrier Dynamics | Population CouncilThe Biology of Blood-Testis Barrier Dynamics | Population Council
The blood-testis barrier is a physical barrier separating the testes from the bloodstream. The barrier can be breached, however ... Unlike most blood-tissue barriers, the blood-testis barrier has been found to be made up of specialized, extremely tight ... Regulation of the blood-testis barrier by a local axis in the testis: Role of laminin α2 in the basement membrane Authors: Ying ... mTORC1/rpS6 regulates blood-testis barrier (BTB) dynamics and spermatogenetic function in the testis in vivo Authors: Stephen Y ...
https://www.popcouncil.org/research/the-biology-of-bloodtestis-barrier-dynamics
Metformin Improves Fertility in Obese Males by Alleviating Oxidative Stress-Induced Blood-Testis Barrier DamageMetformin Improves Fertility in Obese Males by Alleviating Oxidative Stress-Induced Blood-Testis Barrier Damage
Damage to the integrity of the blood-testis barrier (BTB), which ensures spermatogenesis, was assessed by transmission electron ... Metformin alleviated the decrease in male fertility, decreased ectopic lipid deposition in the testis, and increased serum FSH ... In the testes of the oral metformin mice, the fluorescence intensity of ROS (. vs. , ) and concentration of MDA (. vs. , ) ... Metformin treatment resulted in a significant decrease of the expression level of NF-κB/p65 in the whole testis (. vs. and vs. ...
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/omcl/2019/9151067/
Blood-testis barrier | definition of blood-testis barrier by Medical dictionaryBlood-testis barrier | definition of blood-testis barrier by Medical dictionary
What is blood-testis barrier? Meaning of blood-testis barrier medical term. What does blood-testis barrier mean? ... Looking for online definition of blood-testis barrier in the Medical Dictionary? blood-testis barrier explanation free. ... blood-gas barrier alveolocapillary membrane.. blood-testis barrier a barrier separating the blood from the seminiferous tubules ... blood-brain barrier (BBB). the barrier separating the blood from the brain parenchyma. See also blood-brain barrier. ...
https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/blood-testis+barrier
Focal adhesion kinase-Tyr407 and -Tyr397 exhibit antagonistic effects on blood-testis barrier dynamics in the rat | PNASFocal adhesion kinase-Tyr407 and -Tyr397 exhibit antagonistic effects on blood-testis barrier dynamics in the rat | PNAS
2008) An autocrine axis in the testis that coordinates spermiation and blood-testis barrier restructuring during ... 2012) The blood-testis barrier and its implications for male contraception. Pharmacol Rev 64:16-64. ... Focal adhesion kinase-Tyr407 and -Tyr397 exhibit antagonistic effects on blood-testis barrier dynamics in the rat. Pearl P. Y. ... 2011) An in vitro system to study Sertoli cell blood-testis barrier dynamics. Methods Mol Biol 763:237-252. ...
http://www.pnas.org/content/109/31/12562
Androgen binding protein as a biochemical marker of formation of the blood-testis barrier. - PubMed - NCBIAndrogen binding protein as a biochemical marker of formation of the blood-testis barrier. - PubMed - NCBI
... than in normal testis (0.5 pmol/mg protein). In the SCE testis neither blood-testis barrier development nor lumen formation are ... ABP is found in normal testis as early as 14 days postnatally (0.2 pmol/mg), at which time no blood-testis barrier is observed ... Androgen binding protein as a biochemical marker of formation of the blood-testis barrier.. Tindall DJ, Vitale R, Means AR. ... Indeed, ABP is not detectable in the epididymis until 18-20 days of age (1.0 pmol/mg) at which time blood-testis barrier ...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1175511?dopt=Abstract
An in vitro system to study Sertoli cell blood-testis barrier dynamics | Population CouncilAn in vitro system to study Sertoli cell blood-testis barrier dynamics | Population Council
This information is based on the routine use of this system in our laboratory to study the Sertoli cell blood-testis barrier in ... on primary cultures of Sertoli cells isolated from rat testes has greatly facilitated the study of the blood-testis barrier in ... An in vitro system to study Sertoli cell blood-testis barrier dynamics. ... and the use of the Sertoli cell epithelium for monitoring the integrity of the Sertoli cell blood-testis barrier. ...
https://www.popcouncil.org/research/an-in-vitro-system-to-study-sertoli-cell-blood-testis-barrier-dynamics
Blood-testis barrier financial definition of Blood-testis barrierBlood-testis barrier financial definition of Blood-testis barrier
What is Blood-testis barrier? Meaning of Blood-testis barrier as a finance term. What does Blood-testis barrier mean in finance ... Definition of Blood-testis barrier in the Financial Dictionary - by Free online English dictionary and encyclopedia. ... Blood-testis barrier financial definition of Blood-testis barrier https://financial-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Blood- ... The effect of sleep loss on physical barriers such as the intestinal barrier or blood-testis barrier is not reported; however, ...
https://financial-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Blood-testis+barrier
PAR-18-853: Drug Transport Across the Blood-Testis and Blood-Epididymal Barriers (R61/R33 - Clinical Trial Not Allowed)PAR-18-853: Drug Transport Across the Blood-Testis and Blood-Epididymal Barriers (R61/R33 - Clinical Trial Not Allowed)
Drug Transport Across the Blood-Testis and Blood-Epididymal Barriers (R61/R33 - Clinical Trial Not Allowed) PAR-18-853. NICHD ... Drug Transport Across the Blood-Testis and Blood-Epididymal Barriers (R61/R33 - Clinical Trial Not Allowed) ... These targets are not fully exposed to the systemic circulation due to the semi-permeable nature of the blood-testis barrier ( ... the chemical features of non-native molecules that facilitate passage across the blood-testis and/or blood-epidydimal barriers. ...
https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PAR-18-853.html
Nucleoside Transport at the Blood-Testis Barrier Studied with Primary-Cultured Sertoli Cells | Journal of Pharmacology and...Nucleoside Transport at the Blood-Testis Barrier Studied with Primary-Cultured Sertoli Cells | Journal of Pharmacology and...
Nucleoside Transport at the Blood-Testis Barrier Studied with Primary-Cultured Sertoli Cells. Ryo Kato, Tomoji Maeda, Toshihiro ... Nucleoside Transport at the Blood-Testis Barrier Studied with Primary-Cultured Sertoli Cells. Ryo Kato, Tomoji Maeda, Toshihiro ... Nucleoside Transport at the Blood-Testis Barrier Studied with Primary-Cultured Sertoli Cells. Ryo Kato, Tomoji Maeda, Toshihiro ... Nucleoside Transport at the Blood-Testis Barrier Studied with Primary-Cultured Sertoli Cells ...
http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/early/2004/11/16/jpet.104.073387
An increase of estrogen receptor α protein level regulates BDE-209-mediated blood-testis barrier disruption during...An increase of estrogen receptor α protein level regulates BDE-209-mediated blood-testis barrier disruption during...
Li N, Mruk DD, Cheng CY (2015) Actin binding proteins in blood-testis barrier function. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 22: ... Wan HT, Mruk DD, Wong CK, Cheng CY (2014) Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) perturbs male rat Sertoli cell blood-testis barrier ... Because molecular mechanisms such as remodeling of the blood-testis barrier (BTB) play crucial roles in spermatogenesis, we ... An increase of estrogen receptor α protein level regulates BDE-209-mediated blood-testis barrier disruption during ...
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11356-018-3784-2?error=cookies_not_supported&code=92fcb424-8bd6-44a6-96b9-3ebba8938f26
Claudin-11 Is Over-Expressed and Dislocated From the Blood-Testis Barrier in Sertoli Cells Associated With Testicular...Claudin-11 Is Over-Expressed and Dislocated From the Blood-Testis Barrier in Sertoli Cells Associated With Testicular...
... claudin-11 is responsible for the formation of specific parallel TJ strands of the blood-testis barrier (BTB). Concerning the ... In mouse testis, claudin-11 is responsible for the formation of specific parallel TJ strands of the blood-testis barrier (BTB ... Claudin-11 Is Over-Expressed and Dislocated From the Blood-Testis Barrier in Sertoli Cells Associated With Testicular ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19241088/?dopt=Abstract
Connexin 43 is critical to maintain the homeostasis of the blood-testis barrier via its effects on tight junction reassembly.Connexin 43 is critical to maintain the homeostasis of the blood-testis barrier via its effects on tight junction reassembly.
... the blood-testis barrier (BTB) or Sertoli cell barrier created by specialized junctions between Sertoli cells near the basement ... membrane confers an immunological barrier by sequestering the events of meiotic division and postmeio ... In mammalian testes, the blood-testis barrier (BTB) or Sertoli cell barrier created by specialized junctions between Sertoli ... Blood-Testis Barrier*. Connexin 43 / physiology*. Homeostasis / physiology*. Humans. Male. Phenols / pharmacology. RNA ...
http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Connexin-43-critical-to-maintain/20921394.html
Why testes are resistant to hydatidosis: Is blood-testis-barrier responsible for this resistance? | Nigerian Journal of...Why testes are resistant to hydatidosis: Is blood-testis-barrier responsible for this resistance? | Nigerian Journal of...
Why testes are resistant to hydatidosis: Is blood-testis-barrier responsible for this resistance? * H Ahmadnia ... Keywords: hydatid disease, hydatidosis, testis, blood-testis-barrier, rabbit, echinoccocosis. Nigerian Journal of Parasitology ... The mechanism of testicular resistance to echinococcosis could be due to blood-testis barrier because when we directly infected ... and then all testes were studied with ultrasonography. In Group A, all testes were excised, and in Group B, we removed the ...
https://www.ajol.info/index.php/njpar/article/view/37910/0
Reversible inhibition of the blood-testis barrier protein improves stem cell homing in mouse testesReversible inhibition of the blood-testis barrier protein improves stem cell homing in mouse testes
Here we report that reversible disruption of the blood-testis barrier (BTB) between Sertoli cells enhances the homing ...
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jrd/64/6/64_2018-093/_article
Unlocking the Blood-Testis Barrier and the Ectoplasmic Specialization by Cytokines During Spermatogenesis: Emerging Targets..."Unlocking" the Blood-Testis Barrier and the Ectoplasmic Specialization by Cytokines During Spermatogenesis: Emerging Targets...
"Unlocking" the Blood-Testis Barrier and the Ectoplasmic Specialization by Cytokines During Spermatogenesis: Emerging Targets ... C. Yan Cheng, Michelle W.M. Li and Dolores D. Mruk, " "Unlocking" the Blood-Testis Barrier and the Ectoplasmic Specialization ... Title: "Unlocking" the Blood-Testis Barrier and the Ectoplasmic Specialization by Cytokines During Spermatogenesis: Emerging ... Keywords: Cytokines, transforming growth factors, tumor necrosis factor, testis, spermatogenesis, Sertoli cells, blood-testis ...
http://www.eurekaselect.com/82357/article/ampx201cunlockingampx201d-blood-testis-barrier-and-ectoplasmic-specialization?tracking-code=4
HKU Scholars Hub: Connexin 43 is critical to maintain the homeostasis of the blood-testis barrier via its effects on tight...HKU Scholars Hub: Connexin 43 is critical to maintain the homeostasis of the blood-testis barrier via its effects on tight...
In mammalian testes, the blood-testis barrier (BTB) or Sertoli cell barrier created by specialized junctions between Sertoli ... In mammalian testes, the blood-testis barrier (BTB) or Sertoli cell barrier created by specialized junctions between Sertoli ... Article: Connexin 43 is critical to maintain the homeostasis of the blood-testis barrier via its effects on tight junction ... Connexin 43 is critical to maintain the homeostasis of the blood-testis barrier via its effects on tight junction reassembly. ...
http://hub.hku.hk/handle/10722/140892
Metformin Improves Fertility in Obese Males by Alleviating Oxidative Stress-Induced Blood-Testis Barrier Damage. | Oxid Med...Metformin Improves Fertility in Obese Males by Alleviating Oxidative Stress-Induced Blood-Testis Barrier Damage. | Oxid Med...
Damage to the integrity of the blood-testis barrier (BTB), which ensures spermatogenesis, was assessed by transmission electron ... Metformin Improves Fertility in Obese Males by Alleviating Oxidative Stress-Induced Blood-Testis Barrier Damage. ... Metformin alleviated the decrease in male fertility, decreased ectopic lipid deposition in the testis, and increased serum FSH ... Metformin Improves Fertility in Obese Males by Alleviating Oxidative Stress-Induced Blood- ...
https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/resource/pt/mdl-31583050
Impact of Diabetes in Blood-Testis and Blood-Brain Barriers: Resemblances and Differences | Bentham ScienceImpact of Diabetes in Blood-Testis and Blood-Brain Barriers: Resemblances and Differences | Bentham Science
There are several known barriers and two of the most important and tightest blood-tissue barriers are the blood-testis barrier ... There are several known barriers and two of the most important and tightest blood-tissue barriers are the blood-testis barrier ... Keywords:Diabetes, blood-brain barrier, blood-testis barrier, glucose metabolism, Sertoli cells, insulin, brain, hypertension, ... Keywords: Diabetes, blood-brain barrier, blood-testis barrier, glucose metabolism, Sertoli cells, insulin, brain, hypertension ...
https://www.eurekaselect.com/node/103582/article?tracking-code=4
Changes in the permeability of the testicular capillaries and of the blood-testis barrier after injection of cadmium chloride...Changes in the permeability of the testicular capillaries and of the 'blood-testis barrier' after injection of cadmium chloride...
... blood-testis barrier after injection of cadmium chloride in the rat. by Brian P. Setchell et al. ... A study to assess the assembly of a functional blood-testis barrier in developing rat testes.. *Ka-Wai Mok, Dolores D Mruk, ... Focal adhesion kinase is a blood-testis barrier regulator.. *Erica R Siu, Elissa W P Wong, Dolores D Mruk, Catarina S Porto, C ... The blood-testis barrier and its implications for male contraception.. *C Yan Cheng, Dolores D Mruk ...
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Changes-in-the-permeability-of-the-testicular-capi-Setchell-Waites/c85b9dacb13ad618410125ab931628c021769cf5
Exogenous leptin affects sperm parameters and impairs blood testis barrier integrity in adult male mice | Reproductive Biology...Exogenous leptin affects sperm parameters and impairs blood testis barrier integrity in adult male mice | Reproductive Biology...
Given the function of blood testis barrier in maintaining normal spermatogenesis, leptin-induced blood testis barrier ... Blood testis barrier integrity and the expression of tight junction-associated proteins in testes were also assessed. We ... Mice treated with 3 mg/kg leptin also had impaired blood testis barrier integrity, which was related to decreased tight ... Exogenous leptin negatively affects sperm parameters and impairs blood testis barrier integrity in mice. Leptin reduced tight ...
https://rbej.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12958-018-0368-4
Blood-testis Barrier Synonyms & Antonyms | Synonyms.comBlood-testis Barrier Synonyms & Antonyms | Synonyms.com
Find all the synonyms and alternative words for blood-testis barrier at Synonyms.com, the largest free online thesaurus, ... What are some alternative words for blood-testis barrier?. Synonyms for blood-testis barrier. This thesaurus page is about all ... We couldnt find direct synonyms for the term blood-testis barrier.. Maybe you were looking for one of these terms?. bloody- ... or search for blood-testis barrier inside other dictionary definitions.. Search inside. ...
https://www.synonyms.com/synonym/blood%E2%80%93testis+barrier
Browsing College of Medicine by Subject Blood-Testis BarrierBrowsing College of Medicine by Subject "Blood-Testis Barrier"
... UC DRC Repository. * UC DRC Home ... 5.1.1 Testis  Yearwood, Ryan; La Barbera, Andrew R.; Marsh, Karen (University of Cincinnati. College of Medicine; University ...
https://drc.libraries.uc.edu/handle/2374.UC/5/browse?rpp=20&order=ASC&sort_by=-1&value=Blood-Testis+Barrier&etal=-1&type=subject&starts_with=R&ztype=subject&restrict=false
On Sertoli and Leydig Cells and Blood Testis Barrier - Health and FertilityOn Sertoli and Leydig Cells and Blood Testis Barrier - Health and Fertility
... in the control testis, the tracer is limited to the blood-testis barrier, and no biotin is detected in the luminal compartment ... On Sertoli and Leydig Cells and Blood Testis Barrier. Thu, 29 Mar 2018 , Health and Fertility ... Sertoli cell-specific androgen receptor ablation increases permeability of the blood-testis barrier, implying that androgens ... heat stress on the blood-testis barrier has shown that the biotin tracer is detected in the adluminal compartment of the testis ...
https://www.mitchmedical.us/health-fertility/on-sertoli-and-leydig-cells-and-bloodtestis-barrier.html
An oncological view on the blood-testis barrier<...An oncological view on the blood-testis barrier<...
title = "An oncological view on the blood-testis barrier",. abstract = "The function of the blood-testis barrier is to protect ... visualisation of function in the blood-testis barrier may also be helpful to identify groups of patients in whom testis ... visualisation of function in the blood-testis barrier may also be helpful to identify groups of patients in whom testis ... visualisation of function in the blood-testis barrier may also be helpful to identify groups of patients in whom testis ...
https://research.rug.nl/nl/publications/an-oncological-view-on-the-blood-testis-barrier
Actin binding proteins in blood-testis barrier function by Nan Li, Dolores D. Mruk et al."Actin binding proteins in blood-testis barrier function" by Nan Li, Dolores D. Mruk et al.
... on blood-testis barrier (BTB), an androgen-dependent ultrastructure in the testis, in particular their involvement on BTB ... such as environmental toxicant-induced reproductive dysfunction since the testis, in particular the BTB, is sensitive to ... to facilitate the transport of preleptotene spermatocytes residing in the basal compartment across the immunological barrier ... on blood-testis barrier (BTB), an androgen-dependent ultrastructure in the testis, in particular their involvement on BTB ...
https://knowledgecommons.popcouncil.org/departments_cbr_basic-research/100/
Male contraception: another Holy Grail. - PubMed - NCBIMale contraception: another Holy Grail. - PubMed - NCBI
Blood-testis barrier; Contraception; Fertility; Isozymes; Sertoli cells; Spermatozoa; Testes. PMID:. 24368213. DOI:. 10.1016/j. ...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24368213?dopt=Abstract
HKU Scholars Hub: Connexin 43 and plakophilin-2 as a protein complex that regulates blood-testis barrier dynamicsHKU Scholars Hub: Connexin 43 and plakophilin-2 as a protein complex that regulates blood-testis barrier dynamics
Article: Connexin 43 and plakophilin-2 as a protein complex that regulates blood-testis barrier dynamics. *Show simple item ... The blood-testis barrier (BTB) formed by adjacent Sertoli cells is composed of coexisting tight junction (TJ), basal ... The blood-testis barrier (BTB) formed by adjacent Sertoli cells is composed of coexisting tight junction (TJ), basal ... Connexin 43 and plakophilin-2 as a protein complex that regulates blood-testis barrier dynamics. en_US. ...
http://repository.hku.hk/handle/10722/179140
Annexin A2 is critical for blood-testis barrier integrity and spermati by Katarzyna Chojnacka, Barbara Bilinska et al."Annexin A2 is critical for blood-testis barrier integrity and spermati" by Katarzyna Chojnacka, Barbara Bilinska et al.
In the testis, ANXA2 localized to the Sertoli cell stalk, with specific staining at the blood-testis barrier and the concave ( ... Anxa2 knockdown was found to disrupt the Sertoli cell/blood-testis barrier in vitro and in vivo. The disruption in barrier ... Our results indicate that ANXA2 is critical for the integrity of the blood-testis barrier and the timely release of spermatids. ... Furthermore, Anxa2 knockdown resulted in spermiation defects caused by a dysfunction of tubulobulbar complexes, testis-specific ...
https://knowledgecommons.popcouncil.org/departments_cbr_basic-research/9/
SertoliSpermatogenesisTesticularEpididymisDisruptionDynamicsFormed by tight junctionsTightest blood-tissue barriersRatsApoptosisMiceBrain and testisProteinTissueCapillariesRete testisMammalian testisLeydigCompartmentImpairmentBasalIntegrity of the blood-testisSpermatozoaEpithelial cycleProteins in testesGerm cellCx43Basement membraneTunicaSmaller testesPermeability barriersFertilityRegulationMembraneActinFunctionJunctionsSpermReproductiveLumenConnexinInfertilityAdult ratPostnatalOpen the blood-testisAntibodies
Sertoli45
  • The name "blood-testis barrier" is misleading in that it is not a blood-organ barrier in a strict sense, but is formed between Sertoli cells of the seminiferous tubule and as such isolates the further developed stages of germ cells from the blood. (wikipedia.org)
  • A more correct term is the "Sertoli cell barrier" (SCB). (wikipedia.org)
  • The barrier is formed by tight junctions, adherens junctions and gap junctions between the Sertoli cells, which are sustentacular cells (supporting cells) of the seminiferous tubules, and divides the seminiferous tubule into a basal compartment (outer side of the tubule, in contact with blood and lymph) and an adluminal compartment (inner side of the tubule, isolated from blood and lymph). (wikipedia.org)
  • Unlike most blood-tissue barriers, the blood-testis barrier has been found to be made up of specialized, extremely tight junctions between Sertoli cells. (popcouncil.org)
  • However, whether and how obesity damages Sertoli cells (SCs) or the blood-testis barrier (BTB) remains unclear. (hindawi.com)
  • blood-testis barrier a barrier separating the blood from the seminiferous tubules, consisting of special junctional complexes between adjacent Sertoli cells near the base of the seminiferous epithelium. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • an occluding barrier formed by Sertoli cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testis, which separates the more mature cells of spermatogenesis in the adlumenal compartment of the tubule from blood-derived products in the basal compartment. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • FAK is an integrated component of the blood-testis barrier (BTB) involved in regulating Sertoli cell adhesion via its effects on the occludin-zonula occludens-1 complex. (pnas.org)
  • Herein, we report that p-FAK-Tyr 407 and p-FAK-Tyr 397 display restricted spatiotemporal and almost mutually exclusive localization in the epithelium, affecting BTB dynamics antagonistically, with the former promoting and the latter disrupting the Sertoli cell tight junction-permeability barrier function. (pnas.org)
  • In the seminiferous epithelium, the blood-testis barrier (BTB) created by coexisting tight junction (TJ) and basal ectoplasmic specialization [basal ES, a testis-specific adherens junction (AJ)] between Sertoli cells near the basement membrane is one of the tightest blood-tissue barriers in the mammalian body ( 1 ). (pnas.org)
  • These Sertoli cell-enriched (SCE) testes produce normal amounts of ABP between 14 and 21 days postnatally. (nih.gov)
  • The use of an in vitro system based on primary cultures of Sertoli cells isolated from rat testes has greatly facilitated the study of the blood-testis barrier in recent years. (popcouncil.org)
  • Herein, we summarize the detailed procedures on the isolation of undifferentiated Sertoli cells from 20-day-old rat testes, the culture of these cells as a monolayer on Matrigel-coated bicameral units, the characterization of these cultured cells, and the use of the Sertoli cell epithelium for monitoring the integrity of the Sertoli cell blood-testis barrier. (popcouncil.org)
  • This information is based on the routine use of this system in our laboratory to study the Sertoli cell blood-testis barrier in the past two decades, which should be helpful for investigators in the field. (popcouncil.org)
  • Sertoli cells in the basal part-side adjacent cells connected by tight junctions form the blood-testis barrier and seminiferous epithelium are divided into two portions of basal and lumen adjacent that creates a safe environment and protects spermatozoa, keeping it isolated from the blood. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • In mammalian testes, the blood-testis barrier (BTB) or Sertoli cell barrier created by specialized junctions between Sertoli cells near the basement membrane confers an immunological barrier by sequestering the events of meiotic division and postmeiotic germ cell development from the systemic circulation. (biomedsearch.com)
  • In this report, the calcium switch and the bisphenol A (BPA) models were used to induce junction restructuring in primary cultures of Sertoli cells isolated from rat testes that formed a TJ-permeability barrier that mimicked the BTB in vivo. (biomedsearch.com)
  • The removal of calcium by EGTA perturbed the Sertoli cell tight junction barrier, but calcium repletion allowed the "resealing" of the disrupted barrier. (biomedsearch.com)
  • However, a knockdown of Cx43 in Sertoli cells by RNAi significantly reduced the kinetics of TJ-barrier resealing. (biomedsearch.com)
  • Here we report that reversible disruption of the blood-testis barrier (BTB) between Sertoli cells enhances the homing efficiency of SSCs. (go.jp)
  • Leptin reduced tight junction-associated proteins in Sertoli cells, indicating that leptin has a direct role in impairing blood testis barrier integrity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Sertoli cell-specific androgen receptor ablation increases permeability of the blood-testis barrier, implying that androgens regulate the permeability of the blood-testis barrier and that scrotal heat stress induces Sertoli-Sertoli cell junction disruption [162]. (mitchmedical.us)
  • The barrier has three components: first, a physicochemical barrier consisting of continuous capillaries, Sertoli cells in the tubular wall, connected together with narrow tight junctions, and a myoid-cell layer around the seminiferous tubule. (rug.nl)
  • Third, an immunological barrier, consisting of Fas ligand on Sertoli cells. (rug.nl)
  • The blood-testis barrier (BTB) formed by adjacent Sertoli cells is composed of coexisting tight junction (TJ), basal ectoplasmic specialization (ES), and desmosome-like junction. (hku.hk)
  • The knockdown of Cx43 by RNAi technique using specific siRNA duplexes was performed in primary Sertoli cell cultures with an established TJ permeability barrier that mimicked the BTB in vivo. (hku.hk)
  • However, after the knockdown of both Cx43 and PKP2, the Sertoli cell TJ barrier function was perturbed transiently. (hku.hk)
  • To address this, in vitro and in vivo RNA interference studies were performed on prepubertal Sertoli cells and adult rat testes. (popcouncil.org)
  • In the testis, ANXA2 localized to the Sertoli cell stalk, with specific staining at the blood-testis barrier and the concave (ventral) surface of elongated spermatids. (popcouncil.org)
  • Anxa2 knockdown was found to disrupt the Sertoli cell/blood-testis barrier in vitro and in vivo. (popcouncil.org)
  • We recently demonstrated that primary human Sertoli cells (hSeC) were highly susceptible to ZIKV as compared to dengue virus without causing cell death and thus may act as a reservoir for ZIKV in the testes. (nature.com)
  • failed to perturb Sertoli cell tight junction (TJ)-permeability hurdle function, possibly due to the lack of glycosylation, Col3(IV) NC1 recombinant protein produced in mammalian cells and purified to apparent homogeneity by affinity chromatography was found to reversibly perturb the Sertoli cell TJ-barrier function. (researchreportone.com)
  • This disruptive effect was reversible since the removal of the recombinant protein by washing the Sertoli cell epithelium with fresh F12/DMEM without the recombinant protein allowed the resealing of the disrupted TJ-barrier (Fig.?4A). (researchreportone.com)
  • DEHP exposure causes increased oxidative stress in the Sertoli cells of the testis , activates p38 MAPK signaling pathway, and results eventually in impaired spermatogenesis in rats . (bvsalud.org)
  • The blood-testis barrier (BTB) formed by adjacent Sertoli cells (SCs) limits the entry of many chemicals into seminiferous tubules. (elsevier.com)
  • Sertoli cells (SCs) are highly polarized epithelial cells [ 1 ] that play a central role in the functional development of the testis and hence in the expression of the male phenotype [ 2 , 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • A Sertoli cell (a kind of sustentacular cell ) is a 'nurse' cell of the testes which is part of a seminiferous tubule. (bionity.com)
  • The junctions of Sertoli cells form the blood-testis barrier, a structure that partitions the interstitial blood compartment of the testis from the adluminal compartment of the seminiferous tubules. (bionity.com)
  • Sertoli cells control the entry and exit of nutrients , hormones and other chemicals into the tubules of the testis as well as make the adluminal compartment an immune-privileged site. (bionity.com)
  • Interestingly, studies have shown MTMR2 and MTMR5 , two MTM family members, to be highly expressed in the testis, particularly in Sertoli and germ cells, and knockout of either gene resulted in spermatogenic defects. (biochemj.org)
  • In the testis, MTMR2 interacts and co-localizes with c-Src/phospho-Src-(Tyr 416 ), a non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase that regulates the phosphorylation state of proteins at the apical ES (ectoplasmic specialization), a unique type of cell junction found between Sertoli cells and elongating/elongated spermatids. (biochemj.org)
  • However, the numbers of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, Leydig cells, and Sertoli cells in Ggnbp2-null testes did not significantly differ from the wild-type siblings. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • At the same time, these germ cells must maintain stable attachment with Sertoli cells via testis-unique intermediate filament- (i.e. desmosome-like junctions) and actin- (i.e. ectoplasmic specializations, ESs) based cell junctions to prevent sloughing of immature germ cells from the seminiferous epithelium, which may result in infertility. (royalsocietypublishing.org)
  • In essence, both desmosome-like junctions and basal ESs are known to coexist between Sertoli cells at the level of the blood-testis barrier where they cofunction with the well-studied tight junction in maintaining the immunological barrier. (royalsocietypublishing.org)
  • Unlike the blood-brain barrier, the blood-testis barrier (BTB), which is formed by tight junctions between Sertoli cells of the seminiferous epithelium, opens transiently during each round of spermatogenesis to allow developing spermatocytes to pass from the basal compartment of the seminiferous tubule into the lumen. (sciencemag.org)
Spermatogenesis23
  • In addition, the barrier is crossed regularly by mature sperm cells during the final stage of spermatogenesis. (popcouncil.org)
  • The Council has published important findings in this field over the past decade that provide a solid basis for exploring the blood-testis barrier as a means of disrupting spermatogenesis. (popcouncil.org)
  • Additionally, recent studies from the laboratory have discovered there are two additional regulatory axes that modulate BTB remodeling to support the transport of preleptotene spermatocytes across the blood-testis barrier to support spermatogenesis. (popcouncil.org)
  • Damage to the integrity of the blood-testis barrier (BTB), which ensures spermatogenesis, was assessed by transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence with a biotin tracer. (hindawi.com)
  • Blood-testis barrier and spermatogenesis: Lessons from geneticallymodified mice. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Because molecular mechanisms such as remodeling of the blood-testis barrier (BTB) play crucial roles in spermatogenesis, we investigated the disruptive effects of ERα agonists on the BTB in spermatogenesis. (springer.com)
  • Despite being one of the tightest blood-tissue barriers, the BTB has to restructure cyclically during spermatogenesis. (biomedsearch.com)
  • In this review, we summarize recent findings in this field with an emphasis on the role of cytokines in junction restructuring events during spermatogenesis in the seminiferous epithelium of testes. (eurekaselect.com)
  • C. Yan Cheng, Michelle W.M. Li and Dolores D. Mruk, " "Unlocking" the Blood-Testis Barrier and the Ectoplasmic Specialization by Cytokines During Spermatogenesis: Emerging Targets for Male Contraception", Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Under Re-organization) (2008) 8: 20. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Given the function of blood testis barrier in maintaining normal spermatogenesis, leptin-induced blood testis barrier impairment may be one of the mechanisms contributing to male subfertility and infertility. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The present review examines the role of actin binding proteins (ABPs) on blood-testis barrier (BTB), an androgen-dependent ultrastructure in the testis, in particular their involvement on BTB remodeling during spermatogenesis. (popcouncil.org)
  • Junctions at the BTB undergo continuous remodeling to facilitate the transport of preleptotene spermatocytes residing in the basal compartment across the immunological barrier during spermatogenesis. (popcouncil.org)
  • Throughout spermatogenesis, two important processes occur at late stage VIII of the seminiferous epithelial cycle in the rat testis: preleptotene spermatocytes commence entry into the adluminal compartment and step 19 spermatids release from the seminiferous epithelium. (popcouncil.org)
  • Spermatogenesis comprises the division and differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells into mature spermatozoa in the testis. (biologists.org)
  • The blood-testis barrier (BTB) is an important ultrastructure for spermatogenesis. (researchreportone.com)
  • Blood-testis barrier (BTB) provides a suitable microenvironment for germ cells that is required for spermatogenesis. (epa.gov)
  • In the testis, spermatogenesis starts near the basal membrane of the seminiferous tubule (SFT), where spermatogonia either replicate to give rise to more undifferentiated germ cells or start the differentiation process and gradually move toward the lumen of the SFT. (physiology.org)
  • Finally, the signaling pathways involved in blood-testis-barrier regulation as well as other paracrine signals involved in spermatogenesis control will be explored. (springer.com)
  • W. Xia, E. W. P. Wong, D. D. Mruk, C. Y. Cheng, TGF-β3 and TNFα perturb blood-testis barrier (BTB) dynamics by accelerating the clathrin-mediated endocytosis of integral membrane proteins: A new concept of BTB regulation during spermatogenesis. (sciencemag.org)
  • Taken together, obesity can impair male fertility through declines in the sperm function parameters, sex hormone level, whereas during spermatogenesis damage to the blood-testis barrier (BTB) integrity may be one of the crucial underlying factors accounting for this change. (nih.gov)
  • Hormone-dependent events that occur throughout the first wave of spermatogenesis, such as cellular communication within seminiferous epithelium during early postnatal testis maturation, are important for adult male fertility. (termedia.pl)
  • Mice lacking wild-type p53-induced phosphatase 1 (Wip1) display male reproductive defects including smaller testes, subfertility and spermatogenesis defects at the round- and elongating-spermatid stages. (mcponline.org)
  • These results suggest that proinflammatory cytokines may impair the blood-testis barrier dynamics by decreasing the expression of junction-associated proteins, which could lead to subfertility and spermatogenesis defects. (mcponline.org)
Testicular7
  • The mechanism of testicular resistance to echinococcosis could be due to blood-testis barrier because when we directly infected the testes of rabbits with protoscoleces, hydatid cyst developed. (ajol.info)
  • Changes in the permeability of the testicular capillaries and of the 'blood-testis barrier' after injection of cadmium chloride in the rat. (semanticscholar.org)
  • Testicular interstitial edema , vascular congestion or hyperemia with accumulation of plasma proteins and red blood cells in the inner compartment of seminiferous tubules were observed after exposure to HPM. (bvsalud.org)
  • The testicular enlargement did not respond to antibiotics and he subsequently underwent an ultrasound which showed solid masses in both testes. (thefreelibrary.com)
  • 6 They postulated that these abnormalities may be a consequence of severe stress on the testis due to defective absorption of testicular fluid by the obstructed epididymis and the resultant pressure effect caused by fluid circulation. (ispub.com)
  • Pediatric testicular torsion is an acute vascular event in which the spermatic cord becomes twisted on its axis, so that the blood flow to or from the testicle becomes impeded. (medscape.com)
  • Another condition that mimics testicular torsion in presentation is torsion of the appendix testis or appendix epididymis, which is most commonly seen in older prepubertal boys. (medscape.com)
Epididymis9
  • Androgen binding protein (ABP) was measured during postnatal development in normal and irradiated rats to determine whether development of a blood-testis barrier and formation of a continuous lumen from testis to epididymis is correlated with entry of ABP into the caput epididymis. (nih.gov)
  • Indeed, ABP is not detectable in the epididymis until 18-20 days of age (1.0 pmol/mg) at which time blood-testis barrier formation and lumen development is complete. (nih.gov)
  • In the SCE testis neither blood-testis barrier development nor lumen formation are complete until 30 days of age, at which time ABP is first detectable in epididymis of the irradiated rat. (nih.gov)
  • Thereafter there is a gradual decline of ABP in the SCE testis-and a dramatic increase in the epididymis. (nih.gov)
  • These findings suggest that entry of ABP into caput epididymis is an index of blood-testis barrier formation and lumen development. (nih.gov)
  • Blood-tissue barriers are found in the brain, the retina, the testis, and the epididymis. (physiology.org)
  • The effects of obstructive azoospermia on the testis and epididymis have been studied in vasectomized subjects. (ispub.com)
  • However, effects of obstruction to sperm egress in primary obstructive azoospermia on the testes and epididymis have not been extensively reported. (ispub.com)
  • The present study on fifty patients of primary obstructive azoospermia focuses on the local immune response and its effect on the testis and epididymis. (ispub.com)
Disruption3
  • The disruption in barrier function was substantiated by changes in the localization of claudin-11, zona occludens-1, N-cadherin, and β-catenin. (popcouncil.org)
  • Other toxicities that may be enhanced during the use of MDR modulators are nausea and vomiting, consistent with the hypothesis for a disruption of blood-brain barrier function, and augmented vinca alkaloid-associated autonomic and peripheral neuropathies. (nih.gov)
  • Oxidative stress in the choroid plexus contributes to blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier disruption during sepsis development. (bioportfolio.com)
Dynamics3
  • Cheng, "TGF-^3 regulates the blood-testis barrier dynamics via the p38 mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway: An In Vivo Study," Endocrinology, vol. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Key genes affected by CBZ, IPR and CCK were Tnfa and Tgffl, genes encoding cytoskeletal proteins such as actins, tubulin and nectin (Pvrl) and also the claudins family (Cldn), E-cadherin, occludin, ZO1 (Tjpl), ZO2 (Tjp2), and epsin 3, in coherence with most of the recent literature concerning blood-testis barrier (BTB) dynamics (Jiang et al. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • An In Vivo Model to Study Blood-Testes Barrier Dynamics. (federalregister.gov)
Formed by tight junctions1
  • Under normal conditions these barriers, formed by tight junctions between adjacent cells, control the entry of substances and metabolites. (eurekaselect.com)
Tightest blood-tissue barriers1
  • There are several known barriers and two of the most important and tightest blood-tissue barriers are the blood-testis barrier (BTB) and the blood-brain barrier (BBB). (eurekaselect.com)
Rats6
  • NIH-FSH-S-10 (200 mug/rat) injected SC into 14-day-old normal rats stimulated ABP in the testis from control levels of 0.15 pmol/mg to 1.46 pmol/mg within 4 h after injection. (nih.gov)
  • however, gut bacteria are present in blood after sleep deprivation [26] and both sleep-deprived and sleep-restricted rats exhibit lower sperm viabilities associated with an increase in endothelial NOS expression [27]. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • To determine the effect of high power microwave (HPM) radiation on the structure and function of blood-testis barrier (BTB) in rats . (bvsalud.org)
  • To investigate mechanism of di-(2-ethylhcxyl)phthalate ( DEHP ) exposure in causing blood-testis barrier (BTB) impairment in rats . (bvsalud.org)
  • Retigabine protects the blood-brain barrier by regulating tight junctions between cerebral vascular endothelial cells in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats. (bioportfolio.com)
  • To investigate the effect of retigabine on the blood-brain barrier permeability in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and its mechanism. (bioportfolio.com)
Apoptosis3
  • Cytokines are known to regulate an array of physiological functions in the testis, including cell differentiation, apoptosis, steroidogenesis, and cell division. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Testes of mutant mice displayed increased apoptosis of pachytene spermatocytes, an increased number of macrophages in the interstitium and a loss of advanced germ cells. (biologists.org)
  • In addition, Wip1 deficiency was associated with elevated levels of cytokines and germ cell apoptosis in the testis. (mcponline.org)
Mice8
  • Mice treated with 3 mg/kg leptin also had impaired blood testis barrier integrity, which was related to decreased tight junction-associated proteins in testes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To study the function of SirT1 specifically in the male germ line, we deleted this sirtuin in male germ cells and found that mutant mice had smaller testes, a delay in differentiation of pre-meiotic germ cells, decreased spermatozoa number, an increased proportion of abnormal spermatozoa and reduced fertility. (biologists.org)
  • Diet-Induced Obesity In Male C57BL/6 Mice Decreases Fertility As A Consequence Of Disrupted Blood-Testis Barrier. (elabscience.com)
  • To elucidate how iron is supplied to developing male germ cells, we analyzed iron deposition and iron transport proteins in testes of mice with iron overload and with genetic ablation of the iron regulators Hfe and iron regulatory protein 2. (physiology.org)
  • The C brain / C plasma and C testis / C plasma of the common substrates erlotinib, flavopiridol, and mitoxantrone were markedly increased in Mdr1a / 1b (−/−)/ Bcrp (−/−) mice even compared with Mdr1a / 1b (−/−) and Bcrp (−/−) mice. (aspetjournals.org)
  • These parameters could reasonably account for the marked increase in C brain / C plasma and C testis / C plasma in the Mdr1a / 1b (−/−)/ Bcrp (−/−) mice. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Here we examined the proteome and phosphoproteome of testes from Wip1-knockout mice using a quantitative proteomic approach. (mcponline.org)
  • Wip1-knockout mice showed decreased expression of junction-associated proteins (occludin, ZO-1, and N-cadherin) and impaired integrity of the blood-testis barrier. (mcponline.org)
Brain and testis2
  • The control of glucose and lactate levels in brain and testis highlights the role of these barriers in protecting against peripheral glucose and lactate fluctuations that occur in the diabetic individual. (eurekaselect.com)
  • It is well accepted that the penetration of xenobiotic compounds into the brain and testis is restricted by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-testis barrier (BTB), respectively. (aspetjournals.org)
Protein8
  • Focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinase, displays phosphorylation-dependent localization in the seminiferous epithelium of adult rat testes. (pnas.org)
  • Androgen binding protein as a biochemical marker of formation of the blood-testis barrier. (nih.gov)
  • However, between 21 and 30 days of age the specific activity of ABP is significantly higher in the SCE tests (2.8 pmol/mg protein) than in normal testis (0.5 pmol/mg protein). (nih.gov)
  • DA-9401 exerts beneficial effects against oxidative stress, ER stress, and mitochondria-mediated cell death pathway in testis tissue by up-regulating expression levels of tight junction protein markers, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, GSK-3 alpha, and cation channels of sperm. (springer.com)
  • Sphingosine-1-phosphate protects against brain microvascular endothelial junctional protein disorganization and barrier dysfunction caused by alcohol. (bioportfolio.com)
  • Western blot analyses showed increases in α-E-catenin, β-catenin, and N-cadherin, decreases in E-cadherin, afadin, and nectin-3, and no changes in vinculin, nectin-2, focal adhesion kinase, and integrin-β1 protein levels in Ggnbp2-null testes compared to wild-type siblings. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Meanwhile, the integrity of the blood-testis barrier was severely interrupted consistent with declines in the tight junction related proteins, occludin, ZO-1 and androgen receptor, but instead endocytic vesicle-associated protein, clathrin rose. (nih.gov)
  • The aim of the study was to verify whether finasteride has a transgenerational effect on the expression of connexin 43 (Cx43), a gap junction protein in testes of the F1 generation. (termedia.pl)
Tissue6
  • placental barrier the tissue layers of the placenta which regulate the exchange of substances between the fetal and maternal circulation. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Blood-tissue barriers prevent an uncontrolled exchange of large molecules between adjacent but metabolically separated compartments. (eurekaselect.com)
  • model of testis showing the anatomy of interstitial tissue and SFT, where male germ cell development proceeds from the SFT basal membrane (BM) to the SFT lumen (Lu). (physiology.org)
  • Moreover, drug transporters act as active barriers to limit the tissue penetration of substrates from the blood by extruding them back into the blood in the BBB and BTB and, thereby, modulating pharmacological or adverse reactions. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. (bioportfolio.com)
  • what is the thick, fibrous connective tissue capsule of the testes? (studystack.com)
Capillaries1
  • Further protection and separation of the developing male germ cells from the periphery takes place at the basal membrane of the SFT by peritubular myoid cells (PTM) and due to the fact that most capillaries in the testis are not fenestrated ( 10 , 36 , 41 ). (physiology.org)
Rete testis1
Mammalian testis1
  • 2017. "Annexin A2 is critical for blood-testis barrier integrity and spermatid disengagement in the mammalian testis," Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research 1864(3): 527-545. (popcouncil.org)
Leydig2
  • Additionally, blocking RA signaling in Leydig cells resulted in increased permeability of the blood-testis barrier, decreased levels of the steroidogenic enzyme cytochrome P450 17a1 and decreased testosterone levels. (biologists.org)
  • Testosterone, which is produced by the steroidogenic cells of the testis, known as Leydig cells, regulates the end of meiosis, the establishment and maintenance of the blood-testis barrier (BTB), and spermiation ( Walker, 2011 ). (biologists.org)
Compartment2
  • however, in the control testis, the tracer is limited to the blood-testis barrier, and no biotin is detected in the luminal compartment [163]. (mitchmedical.us)
  • Detection of ZIKV in the seminal fluid and spermatozoa for months after viremia has cleared 2 , 3 , 5 provides indirect evidence that ZIKV establishes persistent infection within seminiferous tubules, an immune privileged compartment of the testis. (nature.com)
Impairment1
  • Proinflammatory cytokine like TNF-[alpha] can directly impair the seminiferous epithelium by damaging the expression and assembly of the junctional proteins leading to an impairment of the blood-testis barrier [70]. (thefreedictionary.com)
Basal1
  • This knockdown of Cx43 affected neither the TJ barrier function nor the steady-state levels of junction proteins of TJ, basal ES, and desmosome-like junction. (hku.hk)
Integrity of the blood-testis1
  • Our results indicate that ANXA2 is critical for the integrity of the blood-testis barrier and the timely release of spermatids. (popcouncil.org)
Spermatozoa3
  • barrier methods contraceptive methods such as condoms and diaphragms in which a plastic or rubber barrier blocks passage of spermatozoa through the vagina or cervix. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Differentiation takes place in the seminiferous tubules in testis, and proceeds from the outside to the inside of this structure, resulting in the release of mature spermatozoa into the lumen. (biologists.org)
  • Histopathological analysis of 2-month-old Ggnbp2-null testes revealed absence of mature spermatozoa in the seminiferous tubules and epididymides and reduction of the number of spermatids. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Epithelial cycle1
  • It is expected that multiple cytokines, such as TGF-β3 and TNFα, are working in concert with other yet-to-be identified molecules to coordinate the intriguing events of junction restructuring during different stages of the seminiferous epithelial cycle in adult testes in mammals. (eurekaselect.com)
Proteins in testes1
  • Blood testis barrier integrity and the expression of tight junction-associated proteins in testes were also assessed. (biomedcentral.com)
Germ cell1
  • The barrier also protects the germ cells from blood-borne noxious agents, prevents antigenic products of germ cell maturation from entering the circulation and generating an autoimmune response, and may help establish an osmotic gradient that facilitates movement of fluid into the tubular lumen. (wikipedia.org)
Cx431
  • These observations were confirmed using the bisphenol A model in which the knockdown of Cx43 by RNAi also perturbed the TJ-barrier reassembly following BPA removal. (biomedsearch.com)
Basement membrane1
  • These axes are found between the blood-testis barrier and the basement membrane, involving fragments of collagen-α3 chain and also laminin-α2 chain, both are constituent components of the basement membrane. (popcouncil.org)
Tunica1
  • The normal testis lies suspended in the scrotum, with the visceral tunica vaginalis wrapping the anterior, inferior, superior, and mediolateral margins, leaving the posterior surface adherent to the surrounding scrotal soft tissues. (medscape.com)
Smaller testes1
  • Adult Ggnbp2-null males were sterile, with smaller testes and an azoospermic phenotype, whereas mutant females were fertile. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Permeability barriers1
  • These include the regulation of cell-cell adhesion and tight junction permeability barriers in multiple epithelia and endothelia, such as those found in the small intestine, kidney, skin, and testis. (eurekaselect.com)
Fertility2
  • Metformin alleviated the decrease in male fertility, decreased ectopic lipid deposition in the testis, and increased serum FSH levels. (hindawi.com)
  • In the future, visualisation of function in the blood-testis barrier may also be helpful to identify groups of patients in whom testis conservation is safe or to select drugs that are less harmful to fertility. (rug.nl)
Regulation2
  • Regulation of the blood-testis barrier by coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor. (thermofisher.com)
  • While little is known about the biology of the desmosome-like junction in the testis, we have a relatively good understanding of the molecular architecture and the regulation of the ES. (royalsocietypublishing.org)
Membrane2
  • blood-air barrier alveolocapillary membrane . (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Cytokine signaling induces blood-testis barrier permeability by promoting endocytosis of membrane proteins. (sciencemag.org)
Actin4
  • Actin binding proteins in blood-testis barrier function" by Nan Li, Dolores D. Mruk et al. (popcouncil.org)
  • 2015. "Actin binding proteins in blood-testis barrier function," Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity 22(3): 238-247. (popcouncil.org)
  • ANXA2 also bound actin when testis lysates were used for immunoprecipitation. (popcouncil.org)
  • Furthermore, Anxa2 knockdown resulted in spermiation defects caused by a dysfunction of tubulobulbar complexes, testis-specific actin-rich ultrastructures that internalize remnant cell junction components prior to spermiation. (popcouncil.org)
Function5
  • Further, the Council has discovered a peptide that regulates the expression of FAK, thereby compromising the integrity and function of the blood-testis barrier. (popcouncil.org)
  • Compared with WT FAK, Y407E and Y397F mutations each promoted barrier function, and the promoting effect of the Y407E mutant was abolished in the Y397E-Y407E double mutant, demonstrating antagonism between Tyr 407 and Tyr 397 . (pnas.org)
  • However, hyperglycemia and other diabetes-related complications, such as hypertension, impair the function of these biological barriers with dramatic consequences. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Inhibition of P-glycoprotein function offers the opportunity to increase the delivery of cytotoxic drugs to the testis. (rug.nl)
  • Whole body deletion of SirT1 alters reproductive function in oocytes and the testes, in part caused by defects in central neuro-endocrine control. (biologists.org)
Junctions3
  • Form tight junctions that compose the testis-blood barrier. (auanet.org)
  • The increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) induced by ischemia/hypoxia is generally correlated with alteration of tight junctions (TJs). (bioportfolio.com)
  • Bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation rescues the glomerular filtration barrier and epithelial cellular junctions in a renovascular hypertension model. (abcam.com)
Sperm4
  • When the blood-testes barrier is breached, and sperm enters the bloodstream, the immune system mounts an autoimmune response against the sperm, since the immune system has not been tolerized against the unique sperm antigens that are only expressed by these cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • The anti-sperm antibodies generated by the immune system can bind to various antigenic sites on the surface of the developing sperm within the testes. (wikipedia.org)
  • The blood-testis barrier is damaged, and the immune system becomes inoculated with testis antigens and anti-sperm antibodies that cause immunologic infertility during reproductive years. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • An inverse relationship has been observed between blood glucose level and sperm quality in humans and animals [4]. (termedia.pl)
Reproductive1
  • We provide a model on how ABPs regulate BTB remodeling, shedding new light on unexplained male infertility, such as environmental toxicant-induced reproductive dysfunction since the testis, in particular the BTB, is sensitive to environmental toxicants, such as cadmium, bisphenol A, phthalates, and PFOS (perfluorooctanesulfonic acid or perfluorooctane sulfonate). (popcouncil.org)
Lumen1
  • Previous findings have shown a close correlation of blood-testis barrier development and lumen formation. (nih.gov)
Connexin2
  • Connexin 43 is critical to maintain the homeostasis of the blood-testis barrier via its effects on tight junction reassembly. (biomedsearch.com)
  • Connexin 43 was evaluated in the seminiferous epithelium by immunohistochemistry, and in the testis homogenates by Western blot and qRT-PCR. (termedia.pl)
Infertility4
  • The barrier can be breached, however, by certain toxicants, such as PFOS (perfluorooctane sulfonate) and cadmium, that can cause male infertility. (popcouncil.org)
  • A better understanding of how cells cross this barrier could inform the development of novel male contraceptives, while also providing insights into the causes of unwanted male infertility. (popcouncil.org)
  • Furthermore, according to some Studies, usage of antioxidants and vitamin B,E and C can lower infertility through reducing damages caused by free radicals, sperms DNA regeneration and preservation, and through strengthening blood-testis barrier [2,8,26]. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • As an environmental endocrine disruptor, Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) affects blood-testis barrier (BTB)-associated proteins expression, which compromises BTB integrity and causes infertility. (tocotrienolresearch.org)
Adult rat1
  • A panel of 15 peroxidase labeled lectins, supplemented with haematoxylin-eosin staining and PAS-reaction, were used to study modifications of carbohydrates in rat testis during postnatal morphogenesis , including prenatal day 20th, postnatal days 1st, 20th, 40th, in comparison to the adult rat testis. (omicsonline.org)
Postnatal2
  • It was detected that postnatal morphogenesis of rat testis is accompanied by active glycoconjugates rearrangement. (omicsonline.org)
  • However in the available literature we found no data concerning the investigation of rat testis carbohydrates remodelling in postnatal morphogenesis by means of lectin-peroxidase technique. (omicsonline.org)
Open the blood-testis1
  • Additionally, it could serve to hold open the blood-testis barrier to allow more Adjudin to enter the testes, thus boosting Adjudin's effectiveness at a lower dosage with potentially fewer side effects. (popcouncil.org)
Antibodies1
  • The antibodies are measured in both blood and seminal plasma of males. (portlandpress.com)
The Biology of Blood-Testis Barrier Dynamics | Population Council
The Biology of Blood-Testis Barrier Dynamics | Population Council (popcouncil.org)
Immunoprofiles of human Sertoli cells infected with Zika virus reveals unique insights into host-pathogen crosstalk |...
Immunoprofiles of human Sertoli cells infected with Zika virus reveals unique insights into host-pathogen crosstalk |... (nature.com)
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Sodium Fluoride | GreenMedInfo | Toxic Ingredient | Natural Medicine (greenmedinfo.com)
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Insulin Deprivation Decreases Caspase-Dependent Apoptotic Signaling in Cultured Rat Sertoli Cells (hindawi.com)
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Community Academic Profiles - Faculty & Researchers - Stanford Medicine (med.stanford.edu)
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Permeability Barrier - Methods and Protocols | Kursad Turksen | Springer (springer.com)
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Male Reproductive Physiology Flashcards by Natasha Goldberg | Brainscape (brainscape.com)
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Sertoli Cells - Methods and Protocols | Marco G. Alves | Springer (springer.com)
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Immunology for Life Scientists. 2nd Edition (researchandmarkets.com)
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Ggnbp2-Null Mutation in Mice Leads to Male Infertility due to a Defect at the Spermiogenesis Stage. | Sigma-Aldrich
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Testicular Signaling: Team Work in Sperm Production | Springer for Research & Development (rd.springer.com)
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Somatic offloading during sperm maturation: shining light on the extragenomic paternal dowry | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
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15Prof.-D Fisher (uwc.ac.za)
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References Anti-N Cadherin antibody - Intercellular Junction Marker (ab18203) (abcam.com)
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Difference between revisions of "B" - Embryology (embryology.med.unsw.edu.au)
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Scott B. Snapper, MD, PhD | Boston Children's Hospital (childrenshospital.org)
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Anti-CASK antibody (ab3383) | Abcam (abcam.com)
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Index by author - January 01, 2012, 64 (1) | Pharmacological Reviews (pharmrev.aspetjournals.org)