Blood substitutes. Medical search

Substances that are used in place of blood, for example, as an alternative to BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS after blood loss to restore BLOOD VOLUME and oxygen-carrying capacity to the blood circulation, or to perfuse isolated organs.

A plant genus of the family Costaceae (sometimes classified in Zingiberaceae), order Zingiberales, subclass Zingiberidae, class Liliopsida (monocotyledons). It is a source of SAPONINS and furostanol glycosides.

Liquid perfluorinated carbon compounds which may or may not contain a hetero atom such as nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur, but do not contain another halogen or hydrogen atom. This concept includes fluorocarbon emulsions and fluorocarbon blood substitutes.

The oxygen-carrying proteins of ERYTHROCYTES. They are found in all vertebrates and some invertebrates. The number of globin subunits in the hemoglobin quaternary structure differs between species. Structures range from monomeric to a variety of multimeric arrangements.

A copolymer of polyethylene and polypropylene ether glycol. It is a non-ionic polyol surface-active agent used medically as a fecal softener and in cattle for prevention of bloat.

Any liquid used to replace blood plasma, usually a saline solution, often with serum albumins, dextrans or other preparations. These substances do not enhance the oxygen- carrying capacity of blood, but merely replace the volume. They are also used to treat dehydration.

An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.

A compound formed by the combination of hemoglobin and oxygen. It is a complex in which the oxygen is bound directly to the iron without causing a change from the ferrous to the ferric state.

Reduction of blood viscosity usually by the addition of cell free solutions. Used clinically (1) in states of impaired microcirculation, (2) for replacement of intraoperative blood loss without homologous blood transfusion, and (3) in cardiopulmonary bypass and hypothermia.

Polymers of ETHYLENE OXIDE and water, and their ethers. They vary in consistency from liquid to solid depending on the molecular weight indicated by a number following the name. They are used as SURFACTANTS, dispersing agents, solvents, ointment and suppository bases, vehicles, and tablet excipients. Some specific groups are NONOXYNOLS, OCTOXYNOLS, and POLOXAMERS.

Single preparations containing two or more active agents, for the purpose of their concurrent administration as a fixed dose mixture.

Synthetic or natural materials for the replacement of bones or bone tissue. They include hard tissue replacement polymers, natural coral, hydroxyapatite, beta-tricalcium phosphate, and various other biomaterials. The bone substitutes as inert materials can be incorporated into surrounding tissue or gradually replaced by original tissue.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

Messages between computer users via COMPUTER COMMUNICATION NETWORKS. This feature duplicates most of the features of paper mail, such as forwarding, multiple copies, and attachments of images and other file types, but with a speed advantage. The term also refers to an individual message sent in this way.

Mechanical food dispensing machines.

The guidelines and policy statements set forth by the editor(s) or editorial board of a publication.

The profession of writing. Also the identity of the writer as the creator of a literary production.

A publication issued at stated, more or less regular, intervals.

The functions and activities carried out by the U.S. Postal Service, foreign postal services, and private postal services such as Federal Express.

A loose confederation of computer communication networks around the world. The networks that make up the Internet are connected through several backbone networks. The Internet grew out of the US Government ARPAnet project and was designed to facilitate information exchange.

Starches that have been chemically modified so that a percentage of OH groups are substituted with 2-hydroxyethyl ether groups.

The introduction of whole blood or blood component directly into the blood stream. (Dorland, 27th ed)

PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.

Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.

Techniques for measuring blood pressure.

A type of stress exerted uniformly in all directions. Its measure is the force exerted per unit area. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Drugs used in the treatment of acute or chronic vascular HYPERTENSION regardless of pharmacological mechanism. Among the antihypertensive agents are DIURETICS; (especially DIURETICS, THIAZIDE); ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-ANTAGONISTS; ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS; GANGLIONIC BLOCKERS; and VASODILATOR AGENTS.

A member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23.

Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal.

Bed-like structures for transporting or temporarily holding patients.

Those forces and content of the mind which are not ordinarily available to conscious awareness or to immediate recall.

Fixed-wing aircraft or helicopters equipped for air transport of patients.

Exclusive legal rights or privileges applied to inventions, plants, etc.

A novel composition, device, or process, independently conceived de novo or derived from a pre-existing model.

Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)

The geographical area of Africa comprising ANGOLA; BOTSWANA; LESOTHO; MALAWI; MOZAMBIQUE; NAMIBIA; SOUTH AFRICA; SWAZILAND; ZAMBIA; and ZIMBABWE.

Method in which repeated blood pressure readings are made while the patient undergoes normal daily activities. It allows quantitative analysis of the high blood pressure load over time, can help distinguish between types of HYPERTENSION, and can assess the effectiveness of antihypertensive therapy.

A bibliographic database that includes MEDLINE as its primary subset. It is produced by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), part of the NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE. PubMed, which is searchable through NLM's Web site, also includes access to additional citations to selected life sciences journals not in MEDLINE, and links to other resources such as the full-text of articles at participating publishers' Web sites, NCBI's molecular biology databases, and PubMed Central.

Compounds formed by the joining of smaller, usually repeating, units linked by covalent bonds. These compounds often form large macromolecules (e.g., BIOPOLYMERS; PLASTICS).

Non-nucleated disk-shaped cells formed in the megakaryocyte and found in the blood of all mammals. They are mainly involved in blood coagulation.

Polymerized forms of styrene used as a biocompatible material, especially in dentistry. They are thermoplastic and are used as insulators, for injection molding and casting, as sheets, plates, rods, rigid forms and beads.

A group of compounds derived from ammonia by substituting organic radicals for the hydrogens. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

The study of the structure, preparation, properties, and reactions of carbon compounds. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

The attachment of PLATELETS to one another. This clumping together can be induced by a number of agents (e.g., THROMBIN; COLLAGEN) and is part of the mechanism leading to the formation of a THROMBUS.

A species of the Beta genus. Cultivars are used as a source of beets (root) or chard (leaves).

The goosefoot plant family of the order Caryophyllales, subclass Caryophyllidae, class Magnoliopsida. It includes beets and chard (BETA VULGARIS), as well as SPINACH, and salt tolerant plants.

Normal adult human hemoglobin. The globin moiety consists of two alpha and two beta chains.

Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of kingdom Plantae (sensu lato), comprising the VIRIDIPLANTAE; RHODOPHYTA; and GLAUCOPHYTA; all of which acquired chloroplasts by direct endosymbiosis of CYANOBACTERIA. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (MERISTEMS); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absence of nervous and sensory systems; and an alternation of haploid and diploid generations.

Prolonged dry periods in natural climate cycle. They are slow-onset phenomena caused by rainfall deficit combined with other predisposing factors.

Controlled safety study of a hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier, DCLHb, in acute ischemic stroke. (1/255)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Diaspirin cross-linked hemoglobin (DCLHb) is a purified, cell-free human hemoglobin solution. In animal stroke models its use led to a significant reduction in the extent of brain injury. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the safety of DCLHb in patients with acute ischemic stroke. METHODS: DCLHb or saline was administered to 85 patients with acute ischemic stroke in the anterior circulation, within 18 hours of onset of symptoms, in a multicenter, randomized, single-blind, dose-finding, controlled safety trial, consisting of 3 parts: 12 doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg DCLHb over 72 hours. RESULTS: DCLHb caused a rapid rise in mean arterial blood pressure. The pressor effect was not accompanied by complications or excessive need for antihypertensive treatment. Two patients in the 100 mg/kg group had adverse events that were possibly drug related: one suffered fatal brain and pulmonary edema, the other transient renal and pancreatic insufficiency. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a severe stroke at baseline and treatment with DCLHb (OR, 4.0; CI, 1.4 to 12.0) were independent predictors of a worse outcome (Rankin Scale score of 3 to 6) at 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: Outcome scale scores were worse in the DCLHb group, and more serious adverse events and deaths occurred in DCLHb-treated patients than in control patients. We recommend that additional safety studies be performed, preferably with a second generation, genetically engineered hemoglobin. (+info)

Effects of a perfluorochemical emulsion on the fate of circulating Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (2/255)

Because mononuclear phagocytes take up perfluorochemical emulsions (PFCE), we examined how prior treatment with PFCE affects the fate of circulating bacteria. Rats were preinjected with three daily intravenous injections of PFCE (2.0 ml/100 g) containing 12.5% (vol/vol) of a 4:1 mixture of F-dimethyl adamantane and F-trimethylbicyclo-nonane, 2.5% (wt/vol) Pluronic F-68 as the emulsifying agent, and 3% (wt/vol) hydroxyethyl starch as the oncotic agent. Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Staphylococcus aureus were injected 4 h after the third PFCE injection. PFCE pretreatment decreased the rate and extent of vascular clearance of P. aeruginosa, with decreased uptake by the liver. Importantly, there were significant decreases in killing of P. aeruginosa in the liver, lungs, spleen, and kidneys of PFCE animals. PFCE did not alter the clearance of S. aureus from the circulation. However, hepatic uptake was reduced, with concomitant increases in lung and kidney uptake. Ultrastructure of Kupffer cells revealed PFCE inclusions and extensive vacuolization. These experiments demonstrate that the clearance kinetics and organ distribution of circulating P. aeruginosa and their subsequent killing are altered by PFCE. Diminished hepatic phagocyte function leads to a decrease in vascular clearance of circulating bacteria, increased uptake in other reticuloendothelial organs, and decreased bactericidal activity versus P. aeruginosa. (+info)

Perflubron emulsion delays blood transfusions in orthopedic surgery. European Perflubron Emulsion Study Group. (3/255)

BACKGROUND: Fluorocarbon emulsions have been proposed as temporary artificial oxygen carriers. The aim of the present study is to compare the effectiveness of perflubron emulsion with the effectiveness of autologous blood or colloid infusion for reversal of physiologic transfusion triggers. METHODS: A multinational, multicenter, randomized, controlled, single-blind, parallel group study was performed in 147 orthopedic patients. Patients underwent acute normovolemic hemodilution with colloid to a target hemoglobin of 9 g/dl with an inspiratory oxygen fraction (FIO2) of 0.40. Patients were then randomized into one of four treatment groups after having reached any of the protocol-defined transfusion triggers including tachycardia (heart rate > 125% of posthemodilution rate or > 110 bpm), hypotension (mean arterial pressure < 75% of posthemodilution level or < or = 60 mmHg), elevated cardiac output (> 150% of posthemodilution level) or decreased mixed venous oxygen partial pressure (PVO2; < 38 mmHg). Treatments in the four groups were 450 ml autologous blood harvested during acute normovolemic hemodilution given at FO2 = 0.40; 450 ml colloid at FIO2 = 1.0; 0.9 g/kg perflubron emulsion with colloid (total = 450 ml) at FIO2 = 1.0; and 1.8 g/kg perflubron emulsion with colloid (total = 450 ml) at FIO2 = 1.0. The primary endpoint was duration of transfusion-trigger reversal. A secondary end-point was percentage of transfusion-trigger reversal. RESULTS: Perflubron emulsion was well tolerated with no serious adverse event attributed to drug treatment. Duration of reversal was longest in the 1.8 g/kg perflubron group (median, 80 min; 95% confidence interval, 60-100 min; P = 0.014 vs. autologous blood, P < 0.001 vs. colloid) followed by the 0.9 g/kg perflubron group (median, 59 min; 95% confidence interval, 40-90 min), the autologous blood group (median, 55 min; 95% confidence interval, 30-70 min) and the colloid group (median, 30 min; 95% confidence interval, 27-60 min). Percentage of reversal was also highest in the 1.8 g/kg perflubron group (97%; P < 0.001 vs. autologous blood; P = 0.014 vs. colloid), followed by 0.9 g/kg perflubron (82%), colloid (76%), and autologous blood (60%). CONCLUSIONS: Perflubron emulsion (1.8 g/kg) combined with 100% oxygen ventilation is more effective than autologous blood or colloid infusion in reversing physiologic transfusion triggers. (+info)

Diaspirin cross-linked hemoglobin effectively restores pancreatic microcirculatory failure in hemorrhagic shock. (4/255)

BACKGROUND: Microvascular reperfusion failure of splanchnic organs is a crucial hallmark in organ damage induced by hemorrhagic shock, which should be prevented by a resuscitation solution. Because the vasoactive properties of the hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier diaspirin cross-linked hemoglobin (DCLHb) could adversely influence restoration of pancreatic capillary perfusion during resuscitation, the authors investigated its effects on the microcirculation of the rat pancreas in comparison with whole blood and 6% hydroxyethylstarch resuscitation from severe hemorrhagic shock. METHODS: Twenty-eight pentobarbital-anaesthetized rats were bled to a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 40 mmHg and maintained at this level for 1 h. Using an intravital microscope, mean arterial pressure, the length of erythrocyte-perfused pancreatic capillaries per observation area (functional capillary density), the adherence of leukocytes in postcapillary venules, and pancreatic lipid peroxidation, measured as thiobarbituric acid-reactive material in pancreatic tissue, were determined in animals resuscitated by volumes of hydroxyethylstarch, DCLHb, and whole blood (WB) equivalent to the shed blood volume or in control animals without shock induction for a period of 2 h after resuscitation. RESULTS: Compared with control animals (366+/-28 cm(-1)), animals resuscitated with DCLHb (294+/-45 cm(-1)), WB (306+/-11 cm(-1)), and hydroxyethylstarch (241+/-34 cm(-1)) showed a significant reduction of functional capillary density after 2 h of resuscitation. DCLHb was as effective as WB and superior to hydroxyethylstarch in restoring functional capillary density and mean arterial pressure. Leukocyte adherence in postcapillary venules was not enhanced by DCLHb (369+/-148/mm2) infusion when compared with hydroxyethylstarch- (615+/-283/mm2) and WB-treated (510+/-415/mm2) animals. Lipid peroxidation of pancreatic tissue was significantly elevated after treatment with both oxygen-carrying solutions compared with hydroxyethylstarch. CONCLUSION: DCLHb is as effective as WB for preservation of the pancreatic microcirculation. (+info)

Influence of hemodilution on the renal blood flow autoregulation during acute expansion in rats. (5/255)

Autoregulation of renal blood flow (RBF) was studied in rats that underwent equivalent blood volume expansion with saline (Sal; 5% body wt), 7% BSA solution (1.4% body wt), and reconstituted whole blood from donor rats (WBL; 1.4% body wt). Renal perfusion pressure (RPP) and renal neural reflexes were prevented by clamping RPP and sectioning the vagus, baro/chemoreceptor, and renal nerves. Sal and BSA expansion increased RBF by approximately 60%, whereas no effect was observed with WBL. RBF autoregulation was markedly attenuated after expansion with cell-free solutions, but no change occurred in WBL-expanded rats. Correction of the fall in hematocrit in Sal- and BSA-expanded rats restored RBF and its autoregulation to control levels. Expansion with Sal or BSA after inhibition of renal vascular tone with intrarenal infusion of papaverine still increased RBF and further changed the RBF-RPP relationship. These findings suggest that the hemodilution plays a central role in the reduction of renal vascular resistance and in the attenuation of the autoregulatory efficiency of renal circulation that accompany expansion with cell-free solutions. (+info)

Chemical characterization of pyridoxalated hemoglobin polyoxyethylene conjugate. (6/255)

Pyridoxalated hemoglobin polyoxyethylene conjugate (PHP) was developed in the 1980s as an oxygen carrier and is now under development for treatment of nitric oxide-dependent, volume refractory shock. PHP is made by derivatizing human stroma-free hemoglobin with pyridoxal-5-phosphate and polyoxyethylene (POE). A unique aspect of using POE for modification is that unlike its mono-methoxy polyethylene glycol (PEG) relatives, POE is bifunctional. The result of derivatization of stroma-free hemoglobin is a complex mixture of modified hemoglobin and other red cell proteins. The molecular weight profile, based on size exclusion chromatography, is bimodal and has a number average molecular weight of approximately 105 inverted question mark omitted inverted question mark000 and a weight average molecular weight of approximately 187 inverted question mark omitted inverted question mark000. The mixture of hemoglobin molecules has on average 3.3 pyridoxal and 5.0 polyoxyethylene units per tetramer. A portion of the tetramers are linked by POE crosslinks. The hemoglobin tetramers retain their ability to dissociate into dimer pairs and only a small percentage of the dimer pairs are not modified with POE. The SDS-PAGE profile exhibits the ladder-like appearance commonly associated with polyethylene glycol-modified proteins. The isoelectric focusing profile is broad, demonstrating a pI range of 5.0-6.5. The hydrodynamic size of PHP was determined to be approximately 7.2 nm by dynamic light scattering. Soluble red blood cell proteins, such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, and carbonic anhydrase, are present in PHP and are also modified by POE. (+info)

The reduction of the allogenic transfusion requirement in aortic surgery with a hemoglobin-based solution. (7/255)

OBJECTIVE: Because of allogenic red blood cell (RBC) availability and infection problems, novel alternatives, including hemoglobin-based oxygen-carrying solutions (HBOC), are being explored to minimize the perioperative requirement of RBC transfusions. This study evaluated HBOC-201, a room-temperature stable, polymerized, bovine-HBOC, as a substitute for allogenic RBC transfusion in patients undergoing elective infrarenal aortic operations. METHODS: In a single blind, multicenter trial, 72 patients were prospectively randomized two-to-one to HBOC (n = 48) or allogenic RBC (n = 24) at the time of the first transfusion decision, either during or after elective infrarenal aortic reconstruction. Patients randomized to the HBOC group received 60 g of HBOC for the initial transfusion and had the option to receive three more doses (30 g each) within 96 hours. In this group, any further blood requirement was met with allogenic RBCs. Patients randomized to the allogenic RBC group received only standard RBC transfusions. The efficacy analysis was a means of assessing the ability of HBOC to eliminate the requirement for any allogenic RBC transfusions from the time of randomization through 28 days. Safety was evaluated by means of standard clinical trial methods. RESULTS: The two treatment groups were comparable for all baseline characteristics. Although all patients in the allogenic RBC group required at least one allogenic RBC transfusion, 13 of 48 patients (27%; 95% CI, 15% to 42%) in the HBOC group did not require any allogenic RBC transfusions. The only significant changes documented were a 15% increase in mean arterial pressure and a three-fold peak increase in serum urea nitrogen concentration after HBOC. The complications were similar in both groups, with no allergic reactions. There were two perioperative deaths (8%) in the allogenic RBC group and three perioperative deaths (6%) in the HBOC group (P = 1.0). CONCLUSION: HBOC significantly eliminated the need for any allogenic RBC transfusion in 27% of patients undergoing infrarenal aortic reconstruction, but did not reduce the median allogenic RBC requirement. HBOC transfusion was well tolerated and did not influence morbidity or mortality rates. (+info)

Haemodynamic effects of diaspirin crosslinked haemoglobin (DCLHb) given before abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery. (8/255)

We studied 34 patients undergoing elective repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm under combined general anaesthesia and epidural block to evaluate the acute effects of diaspirin crosslinked haemoglobin (DCLHb) 50, 100 and 200 mg kg-1 i.v. Haemodynamic variables were measured continuously using pulmonary and radial artery catheters, and oxygen delivery and consumption were calculated at regular intervals. DCLHb was shown to be vasoactive, producing an increase in mean arterial pressure of approximately 25% with each dose, with small decreases in cardiac index and calculated oxygen delivery. These effects persisted beyond the end of infusion and provided a degree of cardiovascular stability during the operative procedure. The effects of DCLHb on oxygen consumption at these doses were minimal. (+info)

"The long quest to create artificial blood may soon be over". NBC News. Retrieved 2017-01-25. "ErythroMer Blood Substitute , ... ErythroMer is a red blood substitute in development funded by the National Institutes of Health and U.S. Department of Defense ... This opens up the possibility of eventual stockpiling of ErythoMer making it easier to supply blood in large amounts to those ... ErythroMer is a reddish blood powder composed from hemoglobin from humans. By coating it with a synthetic polymer, it is able ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythromer

Artificial cell Blood substitute Oxycyte Synthetic biology Robert A. Freitas Jr. (1998). "Exploratory Design in Medical ... Blood Substitutes, and Immobil. Biotech. (26): 411-430. "RESPIROCYTES - IMPROVING UPON NATURE'S DESIGN: BREATHE EASY WITH ... Respirocytes were proposed by Robert A. Freitas Jr in his 1998 paper "A Mechanical Artificial Red Blood Cell: Exploratory ... Respirocytes are hypothetical, microscopic, artificial red blood cells that are intended to emulate the function of their ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respirocyte

It is an ingredient of Perftoran, a blood substitute that also contains perfluoro-N-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-piperidine along with ... Blood Substitutes, and Biotechnology. 33 (1): 37-46. doi:10.1081/BIO-200046654. PMID 15768564. S2CID 39902507. King, A. T.; ... an artificial blood product developed by Green Cross Corporation in the 1980s. It is also being studied for use in liquid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfluorodecalin

Blood Substitutes, and Biotechnology. 32 (1): 67-75. doi:10.1081/BIO-120028669. PMID 15027802. S2CID 21897676. Gomezhens, A; ... In this case the vesicles act as sinks to scavenge the drug in the blood circulation and prevent its toxic effect. Another ... Studies have also shown that PEGylated liposomes elicit anti-IgM antibodies, thus leading to an enhanced blood clearance of the ... "Anti-PEG IgM elicited by injection of liposomes is involved in the enhanced blood clearance of a subsequent dose of PEGylated ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liposome

... may refer to: Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers; a type of oxygen-carrying blood substitute Hereditary breast-ovarian ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HBOC

Banana bag Blood substitutes Blood transfusion Bolus (medicine) Dialysis Drip chamber Fluid warmer Hypodermic needle Life ... A blood product (or blood-based product) is any component of blood which is collected from a donor for use in a blood ... Blood transfusions can be used in massive blood loss due to trauma, or can be used to replace blood lost during surgery. Blood ... Substances that may be infused intravenously include volume expanders, blood-based products, blood substitutes, medications and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intravenous_therapy

Human hemoglobin chemically modified with maleimide-polyethylene glycol is a blood substitute called MP4. Maleimide and its ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maleimide

Carmilla further tells Laura she will not engage in blood fetishism any more, as it is a substitute for self-injury. Carmilla ... She came to the town in which Karen and her family lived and began an affair with her, which involved blood fetishism and ... Troy beat both women when he found that they were engaging in blood fetishism. He blamed Karen's mysterious ailment and ... and he instead substitutes the fantasy of vampirism. Troy was originally designed to be more of an explicit villain, but Katt ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Unwanted

Blood products of human origin and plasma substitutes[edit]. Blood and blood components[edit]. ... 11 Blood products of human origin and plasma substitutes *11.1 Blood and blood components ... Plasma substitutes[edit]. *Dextran 70[note 67]. Cardiovascular medicines[edit]. Antianginal medicines[edit]. *Bisoprolol[note ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_World_Health_Organization_Essential_Medicines

Due to the injuries she sustained, he had to amputate her wings and was able to create a substitute blood serum that keeps ... But his spilled blood drove Vampirella into a feeding frenzy and she broke her bonds. She drank much of the Queen's blood, and ... Blood Lust (reprints Vampirella: Blood Lust #1-2) Harris Comics, 2006 Vampirella: Masters Series Volume 1: Grant Morrison & ... Vampirella & The Blood Red Queen of Hearts at the Grand Comics Database. Vampirella of Drakulon at the Grand Comics Database. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vampirella

... blood substitutes MeSH D27.505.954.502.140.500 - plasma substitutes MeSH D27.505.954.502.270 - coagulants MeSH D27.505.954.502. ... fat substitutes MeSH D27.720.368.355 - food coloring agents MeSH D27.720.368.385 - food preservatives MeSH D27.720.400.800 - ... hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists MeSH D27.505.696.399.450 - hormone antagonists MeSH D27.505.696.399.450.050 - ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D27)

The practitioners use sleight of hand techniques to produce blood or blood-like fluids, animal tissue or substitutes, and/or ... The blood is either animal blood or red dye. Two "psychic surgeons" provided testimony in a Federal Trade Commission trial that ... Blood can also be passed to the surgeon in red balloons hidden in cotton the psychic surgeon is using, the cotton and its ... The blood that further disguises the true movement of the fingers and adds drama to the proceedings can come from two sources. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychic_surgery

Blood-based product. *Whole blood. *PF24/Fresh frozen plasma (Cryosupernatant + Cryoprecipitate). Blood substitute. *Hemoglobin ... Blood pressure should not be taken on the arm with a PICC,[6] which is a problem if there are reasons not to take pressure on ... Side effects include blood clots and infection.[2] Other complications may include catheter occlusion, phlebitis and bleeding. ... Blood pressure readings on legs are often 10-20% higher than those on the brachial artery.[7] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PICC_line

Blood-based product. *Whole blood. *PF24/Fresh frozen plasma (Cryosupernatant + Cryoprecipitate). Blood substitute. *Hemoglobin ... Large amounts may result in fluid overload, swelling, acidosis, and high blood sodium.[1][2] In those with long-standing low ... It has a slightly higher degree of osmolarity (i.e. more solute per litre) than blood (However, if you take into account the ... NS is typically the first fluid used when hypovolemia is severe enough to threaten the adequacy of blood circulation, and has ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saline_(medicine)

Blood-based product. *Whole blood. *PF24/Fresh frozen plasma (Cryosupernatant + Cryoprecipitate). Blood substitute. *Hemoglobin ... Blood clots[edit]. Chronic IV access leaves a foreign body in the vascular system, and blood clots on this IV line are common.[ ... Because all of the baby's nourishment comes from the mother's blood stream, the doctor must properly calculate the dosage of ... and blood (nutrient levels) to determine conscious feelings of hunger.[15] In cases of TPN, the taste, smell and physical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parenteral_nutrition

Blood-based product. *Whole blood. *PF24/Fresh frozen plasma (Cryosupernatant + Cryoprecipitate). Blood substitute. *Hemoglobin ... The National Advisory Committee on Blood and Blood Products of Canada (NAC) and Canadian Blood Services have also developed ... "www.blood.gov.au. Retrieved 14 November 2019.. *^ a b c d e f "Hizentra EPAR". European Medicines Agency (EMA). Retrieved 2 May ... "www.blood.gov.au. Retrieved 14 November 2019.. *^ "Access to Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIg) , National Blood Authority". www ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intravenous_immunoglobulin

Blood-based product. *Whole blood. *PF24/Fresh frozen plasma (Cryosupernatant + Cryoprecipitate). Blood substitute. *Hemoglobin ... Side effects may include allergic reactions, high blood potassium, volume overload, and high blood calcium.[2] It may not be ... It is used for replacing fluids and electrolytes in those who have low blood volume or low blood pressure.[2] It may also be ... He hoped to identify the substances in blood that would allow the isolated heart to beat normally for a time.[17] The use of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringer's_lactate_solution

... "blood substitutes". The blood substitutes currently available are chiefly polymerized haemoglobin solutions or haemoglobin- ... Blood transfusion begins by the withdrawal of 1 to 4 units of blood (1 unit = 450 ml of blood) several weeks before competition ... Blood doping can be achieved by making the body produce more red blood cells itself using drugs, giving blood transfusions ... or by using blood substitutes. Many methods of blood doping are illegal, particularly in professional sports where it is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_doping

Meanwhile, Wolf and scientist Franken Stein (who created Akim) try to find a substitute to keep Fuyumi from fading. After Wolf ... The Blood Lad dark comedy anime adapts Yūki Kodama's manga "Vampire Comedy Anime Blood Lad's 2nd Promo Streamed". Anime News ... One of his abilities is to manipulate blood.Ch. 27 Liz T. Blood (ブラッド・T・リズ, Buraddo Tī Rizu) Voiced by: Yūka Nanri (Japanese); ... Anime official website (archive) (in Japanese) Blood Lad at Kadokawa Shoten (in Japanese) Blood Lad (manga) at Anime News ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_Lad

... s may also be called blood-based products to differ from blood substitutes, which generally refer to artificially ... A blood product is any therapeutic substance prepared from human blood. This includes whole blood; blood components; and plasma ... Whole blood is not commonly used in transfusion medicine. Blood components include: red blood cell concentrates or suspensions ... Cryoprecipitate Cryosupernatant Fresh frozen plasma PF24 Platelet transfusion Red blood cells The Clinical Use of Blood ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_product

Perfluorinated alkanes are used as blood substitutes. Inhaler propellant[edit]. Fluorocarbons are also used as a propellant for ... Perfluorodecalin has been demonstrated as a blood substitutes, transporting oxygen to the lungs. ... Illustrative of fluorous technology is the use of fluoroalkyl-substituted tin hydrides for reductions, the products being ... Fluorine-substituted ethers are volatile anesthetics, including the commercial products methoxyflurane, enflurane, isoflurane, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organofluorine_chemistry

Salt substitutes are low-sodium table salt alternatives marketed to circumvent the risk of high blood pressure and ... Salt substitutes can also be further enriched with the essential nutrients. A salt substitute can, analogously to the problem ... Sugar substitute Milk substitute Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (SACN) Salt and Health (PDF) Lifton, R. P. (1995-09 ... The leading salt substitutes are non-sodium table salts, which have their tastes as a result of compounds other than sodium ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_substitute

... but concerns about batch-to-batch variations in FBS have led to the development of serum substitutes. Blood serum and plasma ... Serum (/ˈsɪərəm/) is the fluid and solute component of blood which does not play a role in clotting. It may be defined as blood ... To obtain serum, a blood sample is allowed to clot (coagulation). The sample is then centrifuged to remove the clot and blood ... Serum does not contain white blood cells (leukocytes), red blood cells (erythrocytes), platelets, or clotting factors. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serum_(blood)

"Artificial blood: an update on current red cell and platelet substitutes". Proceedings. 14 (2): 158-61. PMC 1291332 . PMID ... red blood cell replacement, antler regeneration and hair cycling.[70][71] Male deer lose their antlers annually during the ... and blood vessels grow with the regenerated limb, and reestablish the connections that were present prior to amputation. The ... their subsequent circulation for around 90 days in the blood stream, and their eventual cell-death in the spleen.[87] Another ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regeneration_

The use of blood plasma as a substitute for whole blood and for transfusion purposes was proposed as early as 1918, in the ... A blood bank is a center where blood gathered as a result of blood donation is stored and preserved for later use in blood ... Several types of blood transfusion exist: Whole blood, which is blood transfused without separation. Red blood cells or packed ... For blood donation agencies in various countries, see List of blood donation agencies and List of blood donation agencies in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_bank

Elena tries to comfort her, but her blood lust causes her to run to the bathroom. She vomits all the blood Damon gave her all ... Damon can only guess Elena's Doppelganger side will not allow her to drink a substitute. Though this supports Damon's theory of ... Stefan and Elena want her to drink animal blood while Damon thinks she should drink human blood from the vein. After she tries ... Not surprised, Damon takes her into the bathroom and feeds her his blood, though he warns her not to tell Stefan, as he would ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial_(The_Vampire_Diaries)

... substituting for blood. Throughout the play, at the back of the stage, a huge marble wolf can be seen from which feed Romulus ... note the use of red ribbons as a stylised substitute for blood ... The 1973 horror comedy film Theatre of Blood, directed by ... Titus is described as wearing blood soaked rags and carrying a butcher knife dripping with blood.[154] ... The Times, for example, felt that the juxtaposition of the blood tragedy and the frothy comedy was "ill-conceived".[167] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus_Andronicus

... but the BrAC results of certain machines have been judicially deemed presumptively accurate substitutes for blood testing when ... Arterial blood distributes oxygen throughout the body. Breath alcohol concentrations are generally lower than blood alcohol ... Breath analyzers do not directly measure blood alcohol content or concentration, which requires the analysis of a blood sample ... South Dakota had previously relied solely on blood tests to ensure accuracy, but has implemented evidential blood alcohol ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breathalyzer

Perfluorinated alkanes are used as blood substitutes.. Teflon structure. Chlorinated or fluorinated alkenes undergo ... Fluorine-substituted ethers are volatile anesthetics, including the commercial products methoxyflurane, enflurane, isoflurane, ... In the presence of a base, haloalkanes alkylate alcohols, amines, and thiols to obtain ethers, N-substituted amines, and ... Haloalkane or alkyl halides are the compounds which have the general formula "RX" where R is an alkyl or substituted alkyl ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haloalkane

The Substitute (Le Substitut) V.5.5 (5-30): Thirsty for Blood (L'Avènement Du Sanguinaire) V.5.6 (5-31): The Sentries (Les ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Kaamelott_episodes

... bodies are elevated in the blood (ketosis) after fasting, including a night of sleep; in both blood and urine in ... the less-substituted kinetic enolate is generated selectively, while conditions that allow for equilibration (higher ... temperature, base added to ketone, using weak or insoluble bases, e.g., NaOEt in EtOH, or NaH) provides the more-substituted ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketone

A 2015 study of users in the United States also found elevated blood lead levels in 40 percent of those tested. Other concerns ... those used as a substitute for standard care. ... Until a decade ago or so, "complementary and alternative medicine" could be ... and testimonials do not substitute for evidence."[12] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrative_medicine

Sodium is an essential nutrient that regulates blood volume, blood pressure, osmotic equilibrium and pH; the minimum ... 4) cation that can itself be substituted similarly; while stibonium (SbH+. 4) itself is not known, some of its organic ... Pure potassium metal is not often used, but its alloys with sodium may substitute for pure sodium in fast breeder nuclear ... Like rubidium, caesium tends to substitute potassium in the body, but is significantly larger and is therefore a poorer ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali_metal

The relatively poor oral bioavailability and blood-brain barrier penetration of CX-717 ultimately led to Cortex abandoning ... "Substituted benzoxazinones as potent positive allosteric AMPA receptor modulators: Part II". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry ... blood pressure or other cardiovascular side effects". In April 2007 Cortex Pharmaceuticals submitted two large data packages to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CX717

... of blood samples examined at Calcutta hospitals during the peak period, November-December 1944.[207] Statistics for malaria ... Unfamiliar and indigestible grains were often substituted for rice, causing intestinal distress that frequently resulted in ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal_famine_of_1943

Since this activated carbon has no effect on blood clotting factors, heparin or most other anticoagulants [11] this allows a ... Activated is sometimes substituted with active. ... rivaroxaban and edoxaban from blood plasma samples.[10] For ... Hemoperfusion is a treatment technique in which large volumes of the patient's blood are passed over an adsorbent substance in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activated_charcoal

"The glycemic index (GI) factor is a ranking of foods based on their overall effect on blood sugar levels. The diet based around ... A 2009 review found that existing limited evidence suggested that encouraging water consumption and substituting energy-free ... During prolonged fasting or very low calorie diets the reduction of blood glucose, the preferred energy source of the brain, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diet_plan

... is often used as part of the mixture that goes into creating fake blood for films and television. Blood mixtures ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucose_syrup

While not a substitute for long-term counseling, this one-time support group showed that sing-alongs can be powerful in ... The infants' average blood pressure typically decreases after the music therapy sessions, as well. Although there are ... According to a 2013 Cochrane review, listening to music may improve heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure in those ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurologic_music_therapy

Ginseng, popular tea in China and Korea, commonly used as a stimulant and as a caffeine substitute.[16][unreliable medical ... Roasted wheat, used in Postum, a coffee substitute. *Rooibos (Red Bush), reddish plant used to make an infusion and grown in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tisane

Substituting equation (5) into equation (4), we have. 0. =. k. 3. [. I. ]. K. m. [. ES. ]. [. S. ]. −. k. −. 3. [. EI. ]. {\ ... MPTP is able to cross the blood brain barrier and enter acidic lysosomes.[13] MPTP is biologically activated by MAO-B, an ... At this point, substitute equation (5) and equation (6) into equation (1): ... "Competitive Inhibition of Mushroom Tyrosinase by 4-Substituted Benzaldehydes". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 49 ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competitive_inhibition

Methylated spirits are sometimes used by alcoholics as a desperate and cheap substitute for regular ethanol alcoholic beverages ... Sack RL, Lewy AJ, Blood ML, Keith LD, Nakagawa H (July 1992). "Circadian rhythm abnormalities in totally blind people: ... which a measurement of blood glucose or sugar level.[43] In fact, as A1C increases, people tend to be at greater risk of ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blindness

Blood concentrations of minerals[edit]. Minerals are present in a healthy human being's blood at certain mass and molar ... Thus Ce, Pr, and Nd may be substituted for La without ill effects for organisms using La, and the smaller Sm, Eu, and Gd may ... Reference ranges for blood tests, sorted logarithmically by mass above the scale and by molarity below. ... Needed for muscle, heart and digestive system health, builds bone, supports synthesis and function of blood cells Dairy ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dietary_mineral

In man, an oral dose of 50 mg produced no effects on blood pressure. Later studies by Lands and Grant on the effects of racemic ... Application to the preparation of β-arylalkylamines and 3-substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines." J. Org. Chem. 49 4107- ... caused a rise in blood pressure of 38 mm Hg lasting 3-10 minutes. This effect was described as being ~ 1/200 x that produced by ... caused a maximum rise in blood pressure of 26 mm Hg. Additional experiments by these investigators showed that racemic N- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halostachine

a b CHAPTER 2004-256 Committee Substitute for Senate Bill No. 1118 Archived 2011-07-23 at the Wayback Machine State of Florida ... A TB blood test for baseline testing does not require two-step testing. If the skin test method is used to test HCP upon hire, ... The CDC recommends either a blood test, also known as an interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA), or a skin test, also known as a ... All other scenarios, with the exception of programs using blood tests, the recommended testing is a two-step TST ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthcare_professional

... substituted ingredients, completely misrepresented, or sold with a false brand name.[6] Otherwise, legitimate drugs that have ... 149 Americans died from a contaminated blood thinner called Heparin that was legally imported into the United States.[19] ... and cases where the claimed active ingredients are substituted by something cheaper (e.g., when methamphetamine is sold as ... the treatment of anemia and Neupogen is an injectable drug used by cancer patients to stimulate the production of white blood ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterfeit_medicine

The arrival of quantities of the new drug atabrine allowed this more effective drug to be substituted for quinine. The ... Brooks, Brenton (December 2013). "The Carnival of Blood in Australian Mandated Territory". Sabretache. Military Historical ... and substituted the capture of Milne Bay,[43] which was codenamed Operation RE, and scheduled for the middle of August.[44] ... cancelled Boston on 11 June and substituted Milne Bay.[15] Milne Bay was given the codename "Fall River".[17] The use of place ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Milne_Bay

Rituximab may be substituted for cyclophosphamide to induce remission since it is similarly effective and has a comparable side ... It is a form of vasculitis (inflammation of blood vessels) that affects small- and medium-size vessels in many organs but most ... Classic microscopic features of GPA include inflammation of blood vessels associated with poorly formed granulomas, necrosis, ... a type of white blood cell) are associated with GPA.[11] Involvement of the ears, nose, and throat is more common in ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granulomatosis_with_polyangiitis

Crile is now formally recognized as the first surgeon to have succeeded in a direct blood transfusion.[85] ... To abdicate from the rule of reason and substitute for it an authentication of belief by the intentness and degree of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_atheists_

Notable effects of adrenaline and noradrenaline include increased heart rate and blood pressure, blood vessel constriction in ... dopamine being used in this pathology as an inadequate substitute.[5][6] ... Anatomy photo:40:04-0202 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Posterior Abdominal Wall: Blood Supply to the Suprarenal ... The adrenal medulla consists of irregularly shaped cells grouped around blood vessels. These cells are intimately connected ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenal_medulla

In blood vessels Endothelium-Derived Hyperpolarizing Factor or EDHF is proposed to be a substance and/or electrical signal that ... Different endothelial mediators or pathways involved in EDHF-mediated relaxation may also work simultaneously and/or substitute ... In female mice, the deletion of eNOS and COX-1 did not affect mean arterial blood pressure, while males become hypertensive[1] ... Recently, EDHF has been implicated in gender-related differences in blood pressure control. The generation of animals that lack ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endothelium-derived_hyperpolarizing_factor

No substitute goods: A monopoly sells a good for which there is no close substitute. The absence of substitutes makes the ... as well as rising awareness of blood diamonds that forced De Beers to "avoid the risk of bad publicity" by limiting sales to ... A pure monopoly is an industry in which there is only one supplier of a product for which there are no close substitutes and in ... If there is a single seller in a certain market and there are no close substitutes for the product, then the market structure ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopoly

Further information: Blood product, Blood transfusion, and Blood substitute. A blood product (or blood-based product) is any ... Blood substitutes (also called 'artificial blood' or 'blood surrogates') are artificial substances aiming to provide an ... Early blood transfusions consisted of whole blood, but modern medical practice commonly uses only components of the blood, such ... Substances that may be infused intravenously include volume expanders, blood-based products, blood substitutes, medications and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intravenous

Blood or plasma MDPV concentrations are expected to be in a range of 10-50 μg/L in persons using the drug recreationally, >50 ... In the UK, following the ACMD's report on substituted cathinone derivatives, MDPV is a Class B drug under The Misuse of Drugs ... MDPV is the 3,4-methylenedioxy ring-substituted analog of the compound pyrovalerone, developed in the 1960s, which has been ... MDPV may be quantified in blood, plasma or urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry or liquid chromatography-mass ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylenedioxypyrovalerone

... heat therapy which dilates blood vessels to the tumor site), blood substitutes that carry increased oxygen, hypoxic cell ... The blood feeding the tumor will carry the microspheres directly to the tumor enabling a more selective approach than ... Solid tumors can outgrow their blood supply, causing a low-oxygen state known as hypoxia. Oxygen is a potent radiosensitizer, ... They are often due to damage of blood vessels and connective tissue cells. Many late effects are reduced by fractionating ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_therapy

Beneficial effects on blood lipids and insulin resistance are due to the weight loss, not to the change in caloric composition ... There is only poor-quality evidence of the effect of different diets on reducing or preventing high blood pressure, but it ... This concept classifies foods according to the rapidity of their effect on blood sugar levels - with fast-digesting simple ... 2018). "Comparative effects of different dietary approaches on blood pressure in hypertensive and pre-hypertensive patients: A ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-glycemic_diet

Lowering the temperature may prolong the lifespan of cold blooded animals. Mice, which are warm blooded, have been engineered ... blood pressure, improved lipid profile, low serum T3 concentration, and decreased resting heart rate and whole-body resting ... and lower fasting blood glucose levels were factors associated with fewer disorders of aging and with improved survival rates.[ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caloric_restriction

... with non-blood family friends commonly accorded the status and titles of blood relations. This broader, more African concept of ... eschewing trans fats in favor of natural vegetable oils and substituting smoked turkey for fatback and other, cured pork ... Others, separated from blood kin, formed close bonds based on fictive kin; play relations, play aunts, cousins, and the like. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_American_culture

Blood. 100 (9): 3063-3067. doi:10.1182/blood-2002-03-0996. Schey, S.A. (15 August 2004). "Phase I Study of an Immunomodulatory ... Substitutes larger than diethoxy at the X2-X3 position had decreased activity. The effects of these substitutions seem to be ... This explains the effect of thalidomide when given to ENL patients, as they commonly have high levels of TNF-α in their blood ... Substituted amides that were larger than methylamide (CONHCH3) decrease PDE4 inhibition activity. Using a carboxylic acid as a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Development_of_analogs_of_thalidomide

Epinephrine relieves airway swelling and obstruction, and improves blood circulation; blood vessels are tightened and heart ... Natural food substitutes. *Cheese analogues. *Coffee substitutes. *Egg substitutes. *Meat analogues *bacon ... Blood testing is another way to test for allergies; however, it poses the same disadvantage and only detects IgE allergens and ... Secreted IgE circulates in the blood and binds to an IgE-specific receptor (a kind of Fc receptor called FcεRI) on the surface ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_allergy

Risks associated with blood transfusions have been minimised with the development of highly sensitive tests for blood-bor... ... Fake Blood. blood. Beer. blood transfusion. The Prince of Blood. Hepatitis. blood blister. My tongue, every atom of my blood, ... Qualities of an effective blood substitute *The ideal blood substitute would have the correct affinity for O2, strong enough to ... The need for blood substitutes Risks associated with blood transfusions have been minimised with the development of highly ...

https://everything2.com/title/Synthetic+blood+substitute

T 0529/94 (Blood substitutes/D.LONG) of 9.10.1997. European Case Law Identifier:. ECLI:EP:BA:1997:T052994.19971009. ...

http://www.epo.org/law-practice/case-law-appeals/recent/t940529eu1.html

Blood substitutes are often used in blood transfusions where real blood is not available. Losing a lot of blood can mean there ... Blood substitute (also called blood surrogate) is the name for a number of substances that can perform some functions of blood ... Blood substitutes can be used without immune reactions.. *Blood substitutes can be stored for much longer than transfusable ... There are two basic types of blood substitutes: *Liquids that act as blood thinners, but that do not have any physiological ...

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_substitute

Haemoglobin as a blood substitute. Following an accident, it is important that additional haemoglobin is quickly supplied to ... It is especially important to get hold of these substitutes in emergency situations where safe blood transfusions are of vital ... "The Ebola epidemic in Africa is a current example where these blood substitutes could save lives", he added.. ... 12/09/2017 Blood, Heart and Circulation Clinical trial reveals risky clot busters do not benefit most patients suffering from ...

https://www.healthcanal.com/blood-heart-circulation/57116-sugar-beets-could-become-blood-substitute.html

... Chakane, Sandeep LU (2017) *Mark ... material for the development of artificial blood substitutes/Hb-based oxygen carrier (HBOC). Several kinds of. HBOC products ... material for the development of artificial blood substitutes/Hb-based oxygen carrier (HBOC). Several kinds of. HBOC products ... shortage of donated blood and the risk of virus transmission through transfusible blood seriously affect the. availability of ...

https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/publication/96f74e7f-45b8-4292-b3ea-6b8b3607bc92

University, LDS Hospitals Seek Public Comment on Trial of New Blood Substitute for Trauma Patients. ... University, LDS Hospitals Seek Public Comment on Trial of New Blood Substitute for Trauma Patients. Jun 13, 2005 6:00 PM ... Half of them will receive the blood substitute (assigned randomly) and half will receive traditional therapy. ... will begin using the blood substitute, PolyHeme?, to treat patients in hemorrhagic shock at the scene of the injury, continuing ...

https://healthcare.utah.edu/publicaffairs/news/archive/2005/news_26.php

2). In fact, because all blood substitutes lack a red blood cell membrane, they do not contain blood group antigens (which are ... In recent years, Americas blood shortage has propelled the biotechnology of blood substitutes. Artificial blood does not ... In response to impending blood shortages, scientists and engineers have begun a quest to discover an ideal blood substitute. ... In the quest to find the perfect blood substitute, human innovation and collaboration will address the impending blood shortage ...

https://illumin.usc.edu/the-search-for-a-blood-substitute/

A blood substitute or blood extender is prepared by chemically coupling hemoglobin with a polysaccharide material selected from ... US4064118A - Blood substitute based on hemoglobin - Google Patents. Blood substitute based on hemoglobin Download PDF Info. ...

https://patents.google.com/patent/US4064118A/en

... Susan J Brunskill, Chris Prowse, Magnus Garrioch, Ravi Gill, Paul ...

https://www.growkudos.com/publications/10.1002%25252F14651858.cd004894/reader

Explore the science and understand more clearly the Blood Substitutes topic by reading the best articles made from Experts, ... Blood Substitutes, and other areas. Recent rapid advances in modified hemoglobin Blood Substitutes have resulted in advance ... Blood Substitutes are oxygen-carrying fluids that aim to provide an alternative to the transfusion of Blood. Strategies for ... An appreciation of what stakeholders perceive to be the benefits and risks of the receipt of Blood and Blood Substitutes will ...

https://www.idexlab.com/openisme/topic-blood-substitutes/

Modified cell-free hemoglobin derivatives have been under study as potential red cell substitutes for nearly three decades ( ... Chang, T.M.S., and R. Geyer(eds.) Proceedings of II International Symposium on Blood Substitutes.Biomater. Artif. Cells Artif. ... In: Winslow R.M., Vandegriff K.D., Intaglietta M. (eds) Blood Substitutes. Birkhäuser Boston. * DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/978 ... Winslow, R.M. Hemoglobin-based red cell substitutes. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992.Google Scholar ...

https://rd.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4612-2576-8_6

... perfusing an animal or organ with a perfluorocarbon emulsion blood substitute, (2) administering the mixture of test compounds ... A variety of blood substitutes are taught in the literature and/or are commercially available. An appropriate blood substitute ... a) perfusing said isolated organ with a blood substitute, wherein said blood substitute is a fluorocarbon emulsion; ... The term "blood substitute" refers to a fluid which may be used to replace the blood of a test animal, or may be used to ...

http://www.google.com.au/patents/US5989918

begingroup$ Yes, in this case liquid atmosphere == an ocean of blood (or blood substitute) $\endgroup$ - coderworks Feb 17 15 ... Could humans breathe on a planet that had a liquid hemoglobin (or some artificial blood substitute) atmosphere?. Ask Question ... or some artificial blood substitute.. I am not sure yet if the planet could have any kind of ocean. So perhaps instead of an ... If it did, wed drown to death in our own red blood cells. In your situation, youd have hemoglobin in the aveoli from the ...

https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/10469/could-humans-breathe-on-a-planet-that-had-a-liquid-hemoglobin-or-some-artificia

Artificial Cells, Blood Substitutes, and Biotechnology (journal) Blood plasma substitute (disambiguation) Blood transfusion ... A blood substitute (also called artificial blood or blood surrogate) is a substance used to mimic and fulfill some functions of ... Perfluorocarbon-based blood substitutes are completely man-made; this provides advantages over blood substitutes that rely on ... This blood will also serve as a blood donor to all common blood types. Pharmed blood may be used in human trials in 2013. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_substitute

A blood plasma substitute may refer to: An artificially made substance designed to have one or more of the vast amount of ... This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Blood plasma substitute. If an internal link led you here, ... functions of the contents of the blood plasma Volume expander (although providing volume is only one of many functions of blood ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_plasma_substitute

Blood Substitute Solutions. Br Med J 1956; 2 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.2.4988.354 (Published 11 August 1956) Cite this ...

http://www.bmj.com/content/2/4988/354

A government researcher said Monday that experimental blood substitutes are linked to an increased risk of heart attack and ... Expert: Human tests on experimental blood substitutes should be halted. * In clinical trials, blood substitutes increased risk ... Blood substitutes could prove invaluable on the battlefield, where fresh blood supplies can be limited. ... Watch more on blood substitutes ». Even before human trials began, animal trials showed evidence that the product causes ...

https://www.cnn.com/2008/HEALTH/04/28/blood.substitutes/index.html

... especially when whole blood is in short supply. ... The development of a safe and effective blood substitute would ... especially when whole blood is in short supply.. One type of artificial blood substitute that scientists have studied ... Hemoglobin-based blood substitutes and the treatment of sickle cell disease: more harm than help?. Alayash AI ... The development of a safe and effective blood substitute would greatly improve the emergency treatment of accident victims and ...

https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/biologics-research-projects/evaluating-safety-and-efficacy-hemoglobin-based-blood-substitutes

By reducing the sodium content of your diet youll promote a lower blood pressure. Salt substitutes can plan a useful role as ... Lower Blood Pressure with Salt Substitutes. by Lisa Nelson, RD, LN Health Professional. November 15, 2010. ... By reducing the sodium content of your diet youll promote a lower blood pressure. Salt substitutes can plan a useful role as ... What are salt substitutes?. Salt substitutes are foods low in sodium, but that still provide the flavor of salt. Salt ...

https://www.healthcentral.com/article/lower-blood-pressure-with-salt-substitutes

Flow cytometric characterization of blood and blood substitutes. Artificial blood substitutes have a high potential to improve ... These parameters are also needed for quality assurance in fabrication of the artificial blood substitute.. Subsequently, the ... In this project, haemoglobin microparticles are investigated, which are suitable as artificial blood substitutes.. The ... Quantification of these parameters is essential for the intended approval as blood substitute. ...

https://www.ptb.de/cms/en/ptb/fachabteilungen/abt8/fb-83/ag-832/characterization-of-artificial-blood-substitutes.html

Blood substitute draws praise, fire. Ethicists, lawmakers question consent process, but 1 man credits PolyHeme with saving his ... Erick Silkworth was hardly in the position to give his consent to being treated with an experimental blood substitute. ... Half of the patients, like Silkworth, receive PolyHeme; the other half gets saline at accident scenes or donated blood in the ... Although it will not be officially reported until later this year whether PolyHeme worked any better than saline or real blood ...

http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2006-04-03/business/0604030135_1_polyheme-northfield-laboratories-blood-substitute

Synthetic Blood Substitutes and Blood Products Market is driven by Increase in incidence of disease seeking medical ... Synthetic blood substitute or artificial blood is a replacement for blood. It generally replicates and fulfills some functions ... and rise in blood related disorders are the major drivers of the synthetic blood substitutes and blood products market. Advent ... and sheeps blood were used as blood substitutes. Experimentation over the years led to the invention of new type of blood ...

http://www.mynewsdesk.com/us/pressreleases/global-synthetic-blood-substitutes-and-blood-products-market-trends-and-industry-forecast-by-2017-2025-2093817

... cancelled a meeting to consider a proposed clinical trial by the Navy of Biopures investigational blood substitute. The ...

https://www.marketwatch.com/story/biopure-shares-dip-on-cancelled-fda-blood-substitute-meeting

BioWorld Online is the news service of record for the biotechnology industry and is updated every business morning. BioWorld Online will keep you up to date on all of the industrys business, science and regulatory news -- mergers and collaborations, FDA hearings and results, breakthroughs in research and much more.

http://www.bioworld.com/content/somatogen-gets-patent-blood-substitutes

As blood-pressure drug recall widens, doctors say patients should pay attention, but warned against dropping a medication ... Doctors: Blood pressure drug substitutes are available for patients affected by recalls. As blood-pressure drug recall widens, ... Doctors: Blood pressure drug substitutes are available for patients affected by recalls As blood-pressure drug recall widens, ... Doctors: Blood pressure drug substitutes are available for patients affected by recalls. Ken Alltucker, USA TODAY Published 10: ...

https://www.democratandchronicle.com/story/news/2018/12/01/teva-pharmaceuticals-blood-pressure-drug-recall-dfa-valsartan-irbesartan-losartan/2173936002/

They are more worried than excited or enthusiastic about healthy people using synthetic blood, and six-in-ten would not want it ... For the biomedical world, synthetic blood is a not a new concept. Research into substitutes for human blood ramped up in the ... Lab-manufactured synthetic blood, sometimes called "super blood," would replicate the oxygen-carrying capabilities of red blood ... synthetic blood could help alleviate blood shortages, given that it could be used regardless of blood type. But it could also ...

https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/08/30/americans-skeptical-about-the-potential-use-of-synthetic-blood/

... of announcing that one of its physician researchers has canceled a planned report about a controversial blood substitute at a ... PolyHeme is one of several experimental blood substitutes being tested as an alternative to donated blood. ... did not receive all the data he needed from the manufacturer to make a presentation on the blood substitute PolyHeme, which is ... that PolyHeme was unlikely to have been the cause of 10 heart attacks and two deaths in patients receiving the blood substitute ...

http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2006-03-24/news/0603240075_1_blood-substitute-norris-hopkins

Self blood pressure monitoring: a worthy substitute for ambulatory blood pressure?. McGowan N1, Padfield PL. ... There was no difference in mean blood pressure (BP): SBPM 142/87 mm Hg, daytime average ABPM 141/86 mm Hg. The intra-class ... have published guidelines for self-monitoring of blood pressure (SBPM). We aimed to demonstrate the equivalence of SBPM with ... ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) in the assessment of hypertension. A total of 87 consecutive subjects referred from ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20164849?dopt=Abstract

Blood Volume Substitutes / HES Login required for. Blood Volume Substitutes / HES. Please note that due to the German ...

https://www.fresenius-kabi.com/ie/products/blood-volume-substitutes-hes

Sweeteners and sugar substitutes have one thing in common: compared to sugar they have little (sugar substitutes) or no ( ... The hormone insulin maintains blood sugar on a more or less constant level. The level of blood sugar normally increases after ... and transmitted into the blood stream. In healthy bodies, when the blood sugar level increases, insulin is secreted which then ... Their blood sugar level may vary considerably, depending on their diet, so they have to maintain a very balanced diet (and ...

https://www.scribd.com/doc/217217599/Artificial-Sweeteners-Aspartame-Saccharin-1

For a blood substitute to work, it must be able to mimic the ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen. Most of the human ... blood substitute products in advanced-phase clinical trials are derivatives of hemoglobin and are called hemoglobin-based ... There is currently no substitute for human blood, despite more than 70 years of research. ... For a blood substitute to work, it must be able to mimic the ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen. Most of the human ...

https://www.emedicinehealth.com/is_there_a_substitute_for_human_blood/article_em.htm

In this case the platelet substitute and the hydroxylower alkyl amine can be omitted from the coating solution. ... and a platelet substitute. The solid support can be a solid organic polymer, such as polystyrene, which can be coated directly ... Procedures for preparing a brain extract which is a platelet substitute by extracting warm blooded mammalian brain tissue are ... Immunoassay with solid phase having coating containing blood platelet substitute. US 4360358 A ...

http://www.google.com/patents/US4360358?dq=ascentive

Bioartificial fabrication of regenerating blood vessel substitutes: requirements and current strategies. Mathias Wilhelmi* ... Tissue-engineered blood vessel for adult arterial revascularization. N Engl J Med 2007; 357: 1451-1453.CrossrefGoogle Scholar ... Human tissue-engineered blood vessels for adult arterial revascularization. Nat Med 2006; 12: 361-365.CrossrefGoogle Scholar ... Tissue-engineered blood vessels with endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2008; 85: ...

https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/bmte.2014.59.issue-3/bmt-2013-0112/bmt-2013-0112.xml

In this case, that hare-brained idea was using milk as a substitute for blood, and the practice became fairly popular in 19th- ... In order to get around the need to transfuse others with blood, some doctors resorted to using a blood substitute: Milk. ... Dont use blood at all but use a blood substitute. Milk seemed like the perfect choice. ... By this time, around 1884, the promise of milk as a perfect blood substitute had been thoroughly disproved. By the turn of the ...

https://bigthink.com/surprising-science/milk-transfusion

Associate professor Jacob Elmer says the critters may hold the secret to a viable and sustainable replacement for human blood ... to create blood substitutes have been based on purified human hemoglobin but clinical trials show that blood substitutes based ... But seasonal shortages in donations to blood banks and limitations on blood preservation mean physicians often lack the blood ... many blood substitutes have failed in the past because theyve relied on a process of extracting hemoglobin from red blood ...

https://www.phillymag.com/healthcare-news/2019/12/18/earthworms-blood-substitute-villanova/

Adults who are following the DASH-style eating pattern to lower their blood pressure can expand their protein options to ... Study: DASH diet can substitute lean pork for chicken or fish to reduce blood pressure. ... diet retains effectiveness to reduce blood pressure when lean pork is substituted for chicken and fish as the predominant ... diet retains effectiveness to reduce blood pressure when lean pork is substituted for chicken and fish as the predominant ...

https://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/releases/2015/Q2/study-dash-diet-can-substitute-lean-pork-for-chicken-or-fish-to-reduce-blood-pressure.html

... an investigational oxygen-carrying blood substitute designed to increase survival of critically injured and bleeding trauma ... he or she will not receive the blood substitute. Use of the blood substitute can be stopped at anytime during the trial based ... In contrast, the blood substitute carries oxygen, has a long shelf life and is compatible with all blood types," said Gamelli, ... Because blood is not currently carried in ambulances, the use of the blood substitute in these settings has the potential to ...

https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2004-05/luhs-ldt052604.php

If Your Blood Pressure Medication was Recalled, Substitutes are Available. If Your Blood Pressure Medication was Recalled, ... If you take blood pressure medication, or any necessary medication, you need a backup plan in case yours is recalled. Its not ... The recalled drugs are used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure. They are in a class of drugs called angiotensin II ... In any event, do not stop taking your blood pressure medication without getting a new drug from your doctor or pharmacist, even ...

https://www.usrecallnews.com/if-your-blood-pressure-medication-was-recalled-substitutes-are-available/?share=email

Risks associated with blood transfusion s have been minimised with the development of highly sensitive tests for blood -borne pathogen s such as hepatitis and the immunodeficiency virus . (everything2.com)
These often use blood transfusion. (wikipedia.org)
Blood transfusion is the second largest source of new HIV infections in Nigeria . (wikipedia.org)
Blood transfusion is a clinically significant and crucial process, which saves millions of lives every year. (lu.se)
Blood Substitutes are oxygen-carrying fluids that aim to provide an alternative to the transfusion of Blood . (idexlab.com)
Blood transfusion is a remarkably safe, routine procedure in clinical medicine. (idexlab.com)
It is pertinent to ask (i) what key stakeholder groups know about transfusion, (ii) how safe they perceive Blood / Blood products to be, (iii) how the latter information might influence their own and others' perceptions of risk linked to transfusion, and (iv) the extent to which approved Blood Substitutes might be preferred over autologous or donor Blood . (idexlab.com)
In the US today, blood transfusion is safer than ever. (vcu.edu)
The elimination of unwanted side effects, especially transfusion-transmitted diseases, the problems and high cost factor involved in collecting and storing human blood, the pending worldwide shortages, and the need for compatibility testing are the driving forces contributing towards the development of blood substitutes. (vcu.edu)
So if there is a natural disaster, war or a terrorist attack, and you exhaust your current blood supply, these materials are supposed to give the patient enough time to get a proper blood transfusion. (osu.edu)

As the substitute would lack red blood cells (RBC), there would be no surface antigens to match, thereby eliminating another step in the processing. (everything2.com)
Ideally it needs to last long enough for the body to replace the artificial blood with new blood cells . (everything2.com)
Also, in comparison, natural replenishment of lost red blood cells usually takes months, so an oxygen-carrying blood substitute can perform this function until blood is naturally replenished. (wikipedia.org)
Dried blood is better for first aid during combat than whole blood or packed red cells. (wikipedia.org)
to that of patients who receive the current standard of care, which is allogenic blood or red blood cells and saline solution. (utah.edu)
Artificial blood does not contain the plasma, red and white cells, or platelets of human blood, but functions to transport and deliver oxygen to the body's tissues until the recipient's bone marrow has regenerated the missing red blood cells. (usc.edu)
While HBOCs utilize hemoglobin, an actual component of red blood cells, PFCs rely solely on synthetic chemical processes. (usc.edu)
It is instead designed to imitate the oxygen-carrying capacity of the red blood cells. (usc.edu)
Artificial blood will only serve as a temporary substitute until the recipient's own body has enough time to reproduce the necessary blood cells to compensate for lost blood [3]. (usc.edu)
In all red blood cells, a molecule known as hemoglobin binds oxygen from the lungs and carries it to the tissues of the body. (usc.edu)
Figure 1: A hemoglobin molecule wors from within red blood cells to release oxygen to body tissues. (usc.edu)
A cofactor called 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) is located in all red blood cells, and without it, the hemoglobin could not readily release oxygen to the body's tissues [3]. (usc.edu)
A further step is the preparation of nanodimension artificial red Blood cells that contain hemoglobin and all the enzymes present in red Blood cells. (idexlab.com)
If it did, we'd drown to death in our own red blood cells. (stackexchange.com)
There is the possibility of Liquid Breathing , however it is unlikely that the liquid would be haemoglobin and still be breathable, as haemoglobin is quite viscous (this is why it is contained within red blood cells). (stackexchange.com)
They are useful to maintain basal levels of oxygen in the body in virtual absence of red blood cells. (pediatriconcall.com)
SAN DIEGO - It may be a decade yet before it becomes a reality, but there was a buzz here today about artificial blood cells that could be used for trauma patients. (medscape.com)
They are one-fiftieth the size of red blood cells, so what are the implications of that? (medscape.com)
HbVs and fresh human red blood cells (RBCs) were mixed in various volume ratios at a Hb concentration of 10 g/dl in isotonic saline that contained 5 g/dl albumin, and the suspension was perfused at the centerline flow velocity of 1 mm/s through the narrow tube. (elsevier.com)
The materials I'm making, such as artificial red blood cells and artificial plasma, are to be used when blood is not available," Palmer says. (osu.edu)

The two principle categories of blood substitutes are known as hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) and perfluorocarbons (PFCs). (usc.edu)

Blood substitutes are often used in blood transfusions where real blood is not available. (wikipedia.org)
In battlefields it is often impossible to give rapid blood transfusions. (wikipedia.org)
Oxygen-carrying blood substitutes also would become an alternative for those patients that refuse blood transfusions for religious or cultural reasons, such as Jehovah's Witnesses . (wikipedia.org)
In just over a year, the researchers will start testing the haemoglobin from plants in animal experiments with researchers at University College London, who have world-leading expertise on blood transfusions. (healthcanal.com)
It is especially important to get hold of these substitutes in emergency situations where safe blood transfusions are of vital importance, according to Leif Bülow. (healthcanal.com)
In addition to carrying oxygen, such compounds can be sterilized against infectious diseases and used in patients whose religious beliefs prevent them from accepting blood transfusions. (usc.edu)
They also could be used for patients whose religious beliefs prohibit acceptance of blood transfusions. (osu.edu)

a hemoglobin-based, oxygen-carrying blood substitute, to increase survival of critically injured and bleeding patients. (utah.edu)
Current blood substitutes are either hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) or perfluorocarbons (PFCs). (usc.edu)

Dr Doctor will report on the development of the new artificial blood substitute, known as ErythroMer, at a session on December 5 (abstract 1027 ), but gave a brief preview at today's press briefing. (medscape.com)

In recent years, America's blood shortage has propelled the biotechnology of blood substitutes. (usc.edu)

Strategies for developing such Substitutes have involved the production of materials based on the naturally occurring respiratory pigment, haemoglobin (Hb), or synthetic, chemically inert, fluorinated liquids called perfluorochemicals (PFCs). (idexlab.com)

An important potential use of PFC s is for patients whose religion does not allow the use of animal blood products and their derivatives. (everything2.com)

Since oxygen therapeutics are not yet widely available, the United States Army is experimenting with varieties of dried blood, which take up less room, weigh less and can be used much longer than blood plasma . (wikipedia.org)

Nélida Leiva's supervisor, Professor Leif Bülow, has spent many years conducting research on the production of human haemoglobin, primarily with the help of bacteria, because haemoglobin from blood donors is far from sufficient to cover the needs of society. (healthcanal.com)

If the demand for blood remains at the current per capita level in elderly patients and rates of donation do not change, a significant shortage of approximately 4 million units of blood will occur by the year 2030 (US). (everything2.com)
However, shortage of donated blood and the risk of virus transmission through transfusible blood seriously affect the availability of the blood. (lu.se)
Scientists and engineers are replying to the same need, developing a blood substitute to combat the threat of catastrophic blood shortage. (usc.edu)
Developing blood substitutes is in urgent demand for chronic blood shortage all over the world. (nii.ac.jp)

The first goal of oxygen carrying blood substitutes is just to mimic blood's oxygen transport capacity. (wikipedia.org)
Unfortunately, oxygen transport, one function that distinguishes real blood from other "volume expanders", has been very difficult to reproduce. (wikipedia.org)
Blood substitutes allow for immediate full capacity oxygen transport, as opposed to transfused blood which can require about 24 hours to reach full oxygen transport capacity. (wikipedia.org)

In response to impending blood shortages, scientists and engineers have begun a quest to discover an ideal blood substitute. (usc.edu)

The ideal blood substitute would have the correct affinity for O2 , strong enough to bind it in the lung s, and weak enough to release it to the tissue s. (everything2.com)

Blood substitute (also called blood surrogate ) is the name for a number of substances that can perform some functions of blood . (wikipedia.org)

SALT LAKE CITY - Utahs two major trauma centers for adult patients, University of Utah Hospital and LDS Hospital, have begun a period of public comment on their anticipated participation in a national clinical trial to test a new synthetic blood product in the treatment of trauma patients. (utah.edu)
The product is a nanoparticle, about one-fiftieth the size of a red blood cell, and it has a synthetic polymer artificial membrane that is encoded with wet-ware that manipulates the oxygen affinity of the particle to imitate that of a red blood cell," Dr Doctor explained. (medscape.com)

Therefore, the tetrameric molecule has served as a focal point in the search for a blood substitute. (usc.edu)

Blood substitutes can help in these situations. (wikipedia.org)

He currently serves on the International Scientific Advisory Committee on Blood Substitutes and is a member of the Academic Advisory board for Howard University's Department of Chemical Engineering. (osu.edu)

Hemoglobin (Hb), owing to its oxygen carrying capacity, has been studied as a starting material for the development of artificial blood substitutes/Hb-based oxygen carrier (HBOC). (lu.se)

Thus far, the hemoglobin used in the development of this product has been obtained from donated blood that has passed its use-by date, but to avoid the risk of viral contamination, work is underway to enable possible future production with recombinant hemoglobin genetically engineered in yeast (developed in partnership with the Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg, Sweden). (medscape.com)

After the attacks on September 11, 2001, over 500,000 Americans responded to the need for blood donations [1]. (usc.edu)

Blood substitutes can be used without immune reactions. (wikipedia.org)

Also with risk of blood borne infections, efforts for finding an artificial substitute for human blood is going on. (pediatriconcall.com)
He sleeps in a custom made-to-measure wooden coffin, wears eyeliner for a darker look and regularly consumes cow and and pig blood, as well as a human blood substitute. (odditycentral.com)

The heme group is responsible for attaching oxygen to the red blood cell [5]. (usc.edu)
Hemoglobin retains its capacity to bind to oxygen even when it is outside of a red blood cell [5]. (usc.edu)
Hemoglobin is extracted by removing the red blood cell membrane, forming stroma-free hemoglobin [4]. (usc.edu)
Artificial cell or bioencapsulation has been developed for use in bioartificial organs, drug delivery, Blood Substitutes , and other areas. (idexlab.com)
What are the various types of red cell substitutes? (pediatriconcall.com)
In a red blood cell, this is done by a complex set of enzymes," he said. (medscape.com)

Recent rapid advances in modified hemoglobin Blood Substitutes have resulted in advance stages of Phase III clinical trials. (idexlab.com)

Blood substitutes can be stored for much longer than transfusable blood, and can be kept at room temperature. (wikipedia.org)

The populations of developed nations are aging, and since most donor blood goes to people over the age of 65 for surgery , the ratio of donor blood requirements to population is increasing. (everything2.com)
Donor blood is very expensive - $ NZ 200 per unit. (everything2.com)
Donor blood also presents logistical difficulties, when considering refrigerated transport - it is not practical to have supplies of donor blood at the front line of a war for example. (everything2.com)
Donor blood only has a shelf life of 3 weeks, due to diminishing clinical effectiveness and bacterial contamination . (everything2.com)

Most haemoglobin-based oxygen carriers in trials today carry a shelf life of between 1 and 3 years, [1] compared to 42 days for donated blood, which needs to be kept refrigerated. (wikipedia.org)

Recent studies on liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin (LEH) have indicated that this potential blood substitute can activate the complement (C) system of rats, pigs and man. (elsevier.com)

Anatomy1

Organisms5

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs18

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment6

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes5

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture9

Information Science8

Health Care3

Geographicals1

Controlled safety study of a hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier, DCLHb, in acute ischemic stroke. (1/255)

Effects of a perfluorochemical emulsion on the fate of circulating Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (2/255)

Perflubron emulsion delays blood transfusions in orthopedic surgery. European Perflubron Emulsion Study Group. (3/255)

Diaspirin cross-linked hemoglobin effectively restores pancreatic microcirculatory failure in hemorrhagic shock. (4/255)

Influence of hemodilution on the renal blood flow autoregulation during acute expansion in rats. (5/255)

Chemical characterization of pyridoxalated hemoglobin polyoxyethylene conjugate. (6/255)

The reduction of the allogenic transfusion requirement in aortic surgery with a hemoglobin-based solution. (7/255)

Haemodynamic effects of diaspirin crosslinked haemoglobin (DCLHb) given before abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery. (8/255)

Blood Substitutes

Costus

Fluorocarbons

Hemoglobins

Poloxalene

Plasma Substitutes

Methemoglobin

Oxygen

Oxyhemoglobins

Hemodilution

Polyethylene Glycols

Drug Combinations

Bone Substitutes

Cattle

Electronic Mail

Food Dispensers, Automatic

Editorial Policies

Authorship

Periodicals as Topic

Postal Service

Internet

Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives

Blood Transfusion

Blood Pressure

Hypertension

Blood Pressure Determination

Pressure

Antihypertensive Agents

Sodium

Diet

Stretchers

Unconscious (Psychology)

Air Ambulances

Patents as Topic

Inventions

Encyclopedias as Topic

Africa, Southern

Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory

PubMed

Books

Polymers

Blood Platelets

Polystyrenes

Amines

Chemistry, Organic

Platelet Aggregation

Beta vulgaris

Chenopodiaceae

Hemoglobin A

Plants

Droughts

Controlled safety study of a hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier, DCLHb, in acute ischemic stroke. (1/255)

Effects of a perfluorochemical emulsion on the fate of circulating Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (2/255)

Perflubron emulsion delays blood transfusions in orthopedic surgery. European Perflubron Emulsion Study Group. (3/255)

Diaspirin cross-linked hemoglobin effectively restores pancreatic microcirculatory failure in hemorrhagic shock. (4/255)

Influence of hemodilution on the renal blood flow autoregulation during acute expansion in rats. (5/255)

Chemical characterization of pyridoxalated hemoglobin polyoxyethylene conjugate. (6/255)

The reduction of the allogenic transfusion requirement in aortic surgery with a hemoglobin-based solution. (7/255)

Haemodynamic effects of diaspirin crosslinked haemoglobin (DCLHb) given before abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery. (8/255)

The Effects of Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers On Mean Arterial Press by Veronique C. Hionis

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The Search for a Blood Substitute - USC Viterbi School of Engineering

Meet the Chair | Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering

Complement-mediated acute effects of liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin<...

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University, LDS Hospitals Seek Public Comment on Trial of New Blood Substitute for Trauma Patients

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Liver Preservation with Machine Perfusion under Full Oxygenation Using a New Cell-Free Oxygen-Carrier Solution - ATC Abstracts

US4064118A - Blood substitute based on hemoglobin - Google Patents

Solutions producing osmotic diuresis | I.v. solutions | Blood substitutes and perfusion solutions

Blood substitute - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Synthetic blood substitute - Everything2.com

Blood Substitutes - Explore the Science & Experts | ideXlab

Patent US4401652 - Process for the preparation of stroma-free hemoglobin solutions - Google Patents

Improvement of oxygen carrying ability of hemoglobin vesicles by H <sub>2</sub>O <sub>2</sub>...

Immortal Stem Cells Let Scientists Create an Unlimited Supply of Artificial Blood

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