Blood substitutes. Medical search

Substances that are used in place of blood, for example, as an alternative to BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS after blood loss to restore BLOOD VOLUME and oxygen-carrying capacity to the blood circulation, or to perfuse isolated organs.

Starches that have been chemically modified so that a percentage of OH groups are substituted with 2-hydroxyethyl ether groups.

Liquid perfluorinated carbon compounds which may or may not contain a hetero atom such as nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur, but do not contain another halogen or hydrogen atom. This concept includes fluorocarbon emulsions and fluorocarbon blood substitutes.

The oxygen-carrying proteins of ERYTHROCYTES. They are found in all vertebrates and some invertebrates. The number of globin subunits in the hemoglobin quaternary structure differs between species. Structures range from monomeric to a variety of multimeric arrangements.

A copolymer of polyethylene and polypropylene ether glycol. It is a non-ionic polyol surface-active agent used medically as a fecal softener and in cattle for prevention of bloat.

Any liquid used to replace blood plasma, usually a saline solution, often with serum albumins, dextrans or other preparations. These substances do not enhance the oxygen- carrying capacity of blood, but merely replace the volume. They are also used to treat dehydration.

An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.

A compound formed by the combination of hemoglobin and oxygen. It is a complex in which the oxygen is bound directly to the iron without causing a change from the ferrous to the ferric state.

Reduction of blood viscosity usually by the addition of cell free solutions. Used clinically (1) in states of impaired microcirculation, (2) for replacement of intraoperative blood loss without homologous blood transfusion, and (3) in cardiopulmonary bypass and hypothermia.

Polymers of ETHYLENE OXIDE and water, and their ethers. They vary in consistency from liquid to solid depending on the molecular weight indicated by a number following the name. They are used as SURFACTANTS, dispersing agents, solvents, ointment and suppository bases, vehicles, and tablet excipients. Some specific groups are NONOXYNOLS, OCTOXYNOLS, and POLOXAMERS.

Single preparations containing two or more active agents, for the purpose of their concurrent administration as a fixed dose mixture.

Synthetic or natural materials for the replacement of bones or bone tissue. They include hard tissue replacement polymers, natural coral, hydroxyapatite, beta-tricalcium phosphate, and various other biomaterials. The bone substitutes as inert materials can be incorporated into surrounding tissue or gradually replaced by original tissue.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

Controlled safety study of a hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier, DCLHb, in acute ischemic stroke. (1/255)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Diaspirin cross-linked hemoglobin (DCLHb) is a purified, cell-free human hemoglobin solution. In animal stroke models its use led to a significant reduction in the extent of brain injury. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the safety of DCLHb in patients with acute ischemic stroke. METHODS: DCLHb or saline was administered to 85 patients with acute ischemic stroke in the anterior circulation, within 18 hours of onset of symptoms, in a multicenter, randomized, single-blind, dose-finding, controlled safety trial, consisting of 3 parts: 12 doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg DCLHb over 72 hours. RESULTS: DCLHb caused a rapid rise in mean arterial blood pressure. The pressor effect was not accompanied by complications or excessive need for antihypertensive treatment. Two patients in the 100 mg/kg group had adverse events that were possibly drug related: one suffered fatal brain and pulmonary edema, the other transient renal and pancreatic insufficiency. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a severe stroke at baseline and treatment with DCLHb (OR, 4.0; CI, 1.4 to 12.0) were independent predictors of a worse outcome (Rankin Scale score of 3 to 6) at 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: Outcome scale scores were worse in the DCLHb group, and more serious adverse events and deaths occurred in DCLHb-treated patients than in control patients. We recommend that additional safety studies be performed, preferably with a second generation, genetically engineered hemoglobin. (+info)

Effects of a perfluorochemical emulsion on the fate of circulating Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (2/255)

Because mononuclear phagocytes take up perfluorochemical emulsions (PFCE), we examined how prior treatment with PFCE affects the fate of circulating bacteria. Rats were preinjected with three daily intravenous injections of PFCE (2.0 ml/100 g) containing 12.5% (vol/vol) of a 4:1 mixture of F-dimethyl adamantane and F-trimethylbicyclo-nonane, 2.5% (wt/vol) Pluronic F-68 as the emulsifying agent, and 3% (wt/vol) hydroxyethyl starch as the oncotic agent. Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Staphylococcus aureus were injected 4 h after the third PFCE injection. PFCE pretreatment decreased the rate and extent of vascular clearance of P. aeruginosa, with decreased uptake by the liver. Importantly, there were significant decreases in killing of P. aeruginosa in the liver, lungs, spleen, and kidneys of PFCE animals. PFCE did not alter the clearance of S. aureus from the circulation. However, hepatic uptake was reduced, with concomitant increases in lung and kidney uptake. Ultrastructure of Kupffer cells revealed PFCE inclusions and extensive vacuolization. These experiments demonstrate that the clearance kinetics and organ distribution of circulating P. aeruginosa and their subsequent killing are altered by PFCE. Diminished hepatic phagocyte function leads to a decrease in vascular clearance of circulating bacteria, increased uptake in other reticuloendothelial organs, and decreased bactericidal activity versus P. aeruginosa. (+info)

Perflubron emulsion delays blood transfusions in orthopedic surgery. European Perflubron Emulsion Study Group. (3/255)

BACKGROUND: Fluorocarbon emulsions have been proposed as temporary artificial oxygen carriers. The aim of the present study is to compare the effectiveness of perflubron emulsion with the effectiveness of autologous blood or colloid infusion for reversal of physiologic transfusion triggers. METHODS: A multinational, multicenter, randomized, controlled, single-blind, parallel group study was performed in 147 orthopedic patients. Patients underwent acute normovolemic hemodilution with colloid to a target hemoglobin of 9 g/dl with an inspiratory oxygen fraction (FIO2) of 0.40. Patients were then randomized into one of four treatment groups after having reached any of the protocol-defined transfusion triggers including tachycardia (heart rate > 125% of posthemodilution rate or > 110 bpm), hypotension (mean arterial pressure < 75% of posthemodilution level or < or = 60 mmHg), elevated cardiac output (> 150% of posthemodilution level) or decreased mixed venous oxygen partial pressure (PVO2; < 38 mmHg). Treatments in the four groups were 450 ml autologous blood harvested during acute normovolemic hemodilution given at FO2 = 0.40; 450 ml colloid at FIO2 = 1.0; 0.9 g/kg perflubron emulsion with colloid (total = 450 ml) at FIO2 = 1.0; and 1.8 g/kg perflubron emulsion with colloid (total = 450 ml) at FIO2 = 1.0. The primary endpoint was duration of transfusion-trigger reversal. A secondary end-point was percentage of transfusion-trigger reversal. RESULTS: Perflubron emulsion was well tolerated with no serious adverse event attributed to drug treatment. Duration of reversal was longest in the 1.8 g/kg perflubron group (median, 80 min; 95% confidence interval, 60-100 min; P = 0.014 vs. autologous blood, P < 0.001 vs. colloid) followed by the 0.9 g/kg perflubron group (median, 59 min; 95% confidence interval, 40-90 min), the autologous blood group (median, 55 min; 95% confidence interval, 30-70 min) and the colloid group (median, 30 min; 95% confidence interval, 27-60 min). Percentage of reversal was also highest in the 1.8 g/kg perflubron group (97%; P < 0.001 vs. autologous blood; P = 0.014 vs. colloid), followed by 0.9 g/kg perflubron (82%), colloid (76%), and autologous blood (60%). CONCLUSIONS: Perflubron emulsion (1.8 g/kg) combined with 100% oxygen ventilation is more effective than autologous blood or colloid infusion in reversing physiologic transfusion triggers. (+info)

Diaspirin cross-linked hemoglobin effectively restores pancreatic microcirculatory failure in hemorrhagic shock. (4/255)

BACKGROUND: Microvascular reperfusion failure of splanchnic organs is a crucial hallmark in organ damage induced by hemorrhagic shock, which should be prevented by a resuscitation solution. Because the vasoactive properties of the hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier diaspirin cross-linked hemoglobin (DCLHb) could adversely influence restoration of pancreatic capillary perfusion during resuscitation, the authors investigated its effects on the microcirculation of the rat pancreas in comparison with whole blood and 6% hydroxyethylstarch resuscitation from severe hemorrhagic shock. METHODS: Twenty-eight pentobarbital-anaesthetized rats were bled to a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 40 mmHg and maintained at this level for 1 h. Using an intravital microscope, mean arterial pressure, the length of erythrocyte-perfused pancreatic capillaries per observation area (functional capillary density), the adherence of leukocytes in postcapillary venules, and pancreatic lipid peroxidation, measured as thiobarbituric acid-reactive material in pancreatic tissue, were determined in animals resuscitated by volumes of hydroxyethylstarch, DCLHb, and whole blood (WB) equivalent to the shed blood volume or in control animals without shock induction for a period of 2 h after resuscitation. RESULTS: Compared with control animals (366+/-28 cm(-1)), animals resuscitated with DCLHb (294+/-45 cm(-1)), WB (306+/-11 cm(-1)), and hydroxyethylstarch (241+/-34 cm(-1)) showed a significant reduction of functional capillary density after 2 h of resuscitation. DCLHb was as effective as WB and superior to hydroxyethylstarch in restoring functional capillary density and mean arterial pressure. Leukocyte adherence in postcapillary venules was not enhanced by DCLHb (369+/-148/mm2) infusion when compared with hydroxyethylstarch- (615+/-283/mm2) and WB-treated (510+/-415/mm2) animals. Lipid peroxidation of pancreatic tissue was significantly elevated after treatment with both oxygen-carrying solutions compared with hydroxyethylstarch. CONCLUSION: DCLHb is as effective as WB for preservation of the pancreatic microcirculation. (+info)

Influence of hemodilution on the renal blood flow autoregulation during acute expansion in rats. (5/255)

Autoregulation of renal blood flow (RBF) was studied in rats that underwent equivalent blood volume expansion with saline (Sal; 5% body wt), 7% BSA solution (1.4% body wt), and reconstituted whole blood from donor rats (WBL; 1.4% body wt). Renal perfusion pressure (RPP) and renal neural reflexes were prevented by clamping RPP and sectioning the vagus, baro/chemoreceptor, and renal nerves. Sal and BSA expansion increased RBF by approximately 60%, whereas no effect was observed with WBL. RBF autoregulation was markedly attenuated after expansion with cell-free solutions, but no change occurred in WBL-expanded rats. Correction of the fall in hematocrit in Sal- and BSA-expanded rats restored RBF and its autoregulation to control levels. Expansion with Sal or BSA after inhibition of renal vascular tone with intrarenal infusion of papaverine still increased RBF and further changed the RBF-RPP relationship. These findings suggest that the hemodilution plays a central role in the reduction of renal vascular resistance and in the attenuation of the autoregulatory efficiency of renal circulation that accompany expansion with cell-free solutions. (+info)

Chemical characterization of pyridoxalated hemoglobin polyoxyethylene conjugate. (6/255)

Pyridoxalated hemoglobin polyoxyethylene conjugate (PHP) was developed in the 1980s as an oxygen carrier and is now under development for treatment of nitric oxide-dependent, volume refractory shock. PHP is made by derivatizing human stroma-free hemoglobin with pyridoxal-5-phosphate and polyoxyethylene (POE). A unique aspect of using POE for modification is that unlike its mono-methoxy polyethylene glycol (PEG) relatives, POE is bifunctional. The result of derivatization of stroma-free hemoglobin is a complex mixture of modified hemoglobin and other red cell proteins. The molecular weight profile, based on size exclusion chromatography, is bimodal and has a number average molecular weight of approximately 105 inverted question mark omitted inverted question mark000 and a weight average molecular weight of approximately 187 inverted question mark omitted inverted question mark000. The mixture of hemoglobin molecules has on average 3.3 pyridoxal and 5.0 polyoxyethylene units per tetramer. A portion of the tetramers are linked by POE crosslinks. The hemoglobin tetramers retain their ability to dissociate into dimer pairs and only a small percentage of the dimer pairs are not modified with POE. The SDS-PAGE profile exhibits the ladder-like appearance commonly associated with polyethylene glycol-modified proteins. The isoelectric focusing profile is broad, demonstrating a pI range of 5.0-6.5. The hydrodynamic size of PHP was determined to be approximately 7.2 nm by dynamic light scattering. Soluble red blood cell proteins, such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, and carbonic anhydrase, are present in PHP and are also modified by POE. (+info)

The reduction of the allogenic transfusion requirement in aortic surgery with a hemoglobin-based solution. (7/255)

OBJECTIVE: Because of allogenic red blood cell (RBC) availability and infection problems, novel alternatives, including hemoglobin-based oxygen-carrying solutions (HBOC), are being explored to minimize the perioperative requirement of RBC transfusions. This study evaluated HBOC-201, a room-temperature stable, polymerized, bovine-HBOC, as a substitute for allogenic RBC transfusion in patients undergoing elective infrarenal aortic operations. METHODS: In a single blind, multicenter trial, 72 patients were prospectively randomized two-to-one to HBOC (n = 48) or allogenic RBC (n = 24) at the time of the first transfusion decision, either during or after elective infrarenal aortic reconstruction. Patients randomized to the HBOC group received 60 g of HBOC for the initial transfusion and had the option to receive three more doses (30 g each) within 96 hours. In this group, any further blood requirement was met with allogenic RBCs. Patients randomized to the allogenic RBC group received only standard RBC transfusions. The efficacy analysis was a means of assessing the ability of HBOC to eliminate the requirement for any allogenic RBC transfusions from the time of randomization through 28 days. Safety was evaluated by means of standard clinical trial methods. RESULTS: The two treatment groups were comparable for all baseline characteristics. Although all patients in the allogenic RBC group required at least one allogenic RBC transfusion, 13 of 48 patients (27%; 95% CI, 15% to 42%) in the HBOC group did not require any allogenic RBC transfusions. The only significant changes documented were a 15% increase in mean arterial pressure and a three-fold peak increase in serum urea nitrogen concentration after HBOC. The complications were similar in both groups, with no allergic reactions. There were two perioperative deaths (8%) in the allogenic RBC group and three perioperative deaths (6%) in the HBOC group (P = 1.0). CONCLUSION: HBOC significantly eliminated the need for any allogenic RBC transfusion in 27% of patients undergoing infrarenal aortic reconstruction, but did not reduce the median allogenic RBC requirement. HBOC transfusion was well tolerated and did not influence morbidity or mortality rates. (+info)

Haemodynamic effects of diaspirin crosslinked haemoglobin (DCLHb) given before abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery. (8/255)

We studied 34 patients undergoing elective repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm under combined general anaesthesia and epidural block to evaluate the acute effects of diaspirin crosslinked haemoglobin (DCLHb) 50, 100 and 200 mg kg-1 i.v. Haemodynamic variables were measured continuously using pulmonary and radial artery catheters, and oxygen delivery and consumption were calculated at regular intervals. DCLHb was shown to be vasoactive, producing an increase in mean arterial pressure of approximately 25% with each dose, with small decreases in cardiac index and calculated oxygen delivery. These effects persisted beyond the end of infusion and provided a degree of cardiovascular stability during the operative procedure. The effects of DCLHb on oxygen consumption at these doses were minimal. (+info)

Artificial Cells, Blood Substitutes, and Biotechnology Blood plasma substitute (disambiguation) Blood transfusion Bloodless ... and non-human animal blood as blood substitute. Sir Christopher Wren suggested wine and opium as blood substitute. At the ... A blood substitute (also called artificial blood or blood surrogate) is a substance used to mimic and fulfill some functions of ... This blood will also serve as a blood donor to all common blood types. Pharmed blood may be used in human trials in 2013. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_substitute

A blood plasma substitute may refer to: An artificially made substance designed to have one or more of the vast amount of ... This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Blood plasma substitute. If an internal link led you here, ... functions of the contents of the blood plasma Volume expander (although providing volume is only one of many functions of blood ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_plasma_substitute

"Pharmacokinetics and Side Effects of Perfluorocarbon-Based Blood Substitutes". Artificial Cells, Blood Substitutes, and ... or a better indication of the level of blood perfusion or blood volume in an area of interest. The bubbles persist in the blood ... Despite these challenges, Fluosol-DA was approved by the FDA and was marketed as a blood substitute in the United States from ... The second approach to oxygen delivery tested a perfluorocarbon emulsion not as a blood substitute, but rather as a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfluorocarbon_emulsions

... as it's associated with potentially dangerous variations in the blood, like viscosity. Winslow RM (2006). Blood Substitutes. ... "Synthetic Blood International Announces Preliminary Analysis of Oxycyte Phase I Study Results - O-STA". o-sta.si. Retrieved ... and Synthetic Blood International). It is designed to enhance oxygen delivery to damaged tissues. Through a collaborative ... Arnaud F, Sanders K, Sieckmann D, Moon-Massat P (May 2016). "In vitro alteration of hematological parameters and blood ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfluoro_tert-butylcyclohexane

Nano sized oxygen carriers are used as a type of red blood cell substitutes, although they lack other components of red blood ... "30th Anniversary in Artificial Red Blood Cell Research". Artificial Cells, Blood Substitutes and Biotechnology. 16 (1-3): 1-9. ... present and future perspectives on the 40th anniversary of hemoglobin based red blood cell substitutes". Artificial Cells Blood ... Chang TM (1997). Blood substitutes. Basel: Karger. ISBN 978-3-8055-6584-4.[page needed] Soon-Shiong P, Heintz RE, Merideth N, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_cell

1942). Blood Substitutes and Blood Transfusion. Springfield: Charles C. Thomas. OCLC 2927115. Mudd, Stuart, ed. (1964). The ... During WW II, he worked on a method for freeze-drying of blood plasma, promoting an effective treatment for blood loss in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_Mudd

... robots that would attack pathogens in the manner of white blood cells. Artificial cell Biotechnology Blood substitute Oxycyte ... 1998). "Exploratory Design in Medical Nanotechnology: A Mechanical Artificial Red Cell". Artificial Cells, Blood Substitutes, ... Respirocytes were proposed by Robert A. Freitas Jr in his 1998 paper "A Mechanical Artificial Red Blood Cell: Exploratory ... Respirocytes are hypothetical, microscopic, artificial red blood cells that are intended to emulate the function of their ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respirocyte

It is an ingredient of Perftoran, a blood substitute that also contains perfluoro-N-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-piperidine along with ... Blood Substitutes, and Biotechnology. 33 (1): 37-46. doi:10.1081/BIO-200046654. PMID 15768564. S2CID 39902507. King, A. T.; ... an artificial blood product developed by Green Cross Corporation in the 1980s. It is also being studied for use in liquid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfluorodecalin

Blood Substitutes, and Biotechnology. 32 (1): 67-75. doi:10.1081/BIO-120028669. PMID 15027802. S2CID 21897676. Gomezhens, A; ... In this case the vesicles act as sinks to scavenge the drug in the blood circulation and prevent its toxic effect. Another ... Studies have also shown that PEGylated liposomes elicit anti-IgM antibodies, thus leading to an enhanced blood clearance of the ... "Anti-PEG IgM elicited by injection of liposomes is involved in the enhanced blood clearance of a subsequent dose of PEGylated ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liposome

"Experimental Blood Substitutes Unsafe, Study Finds". ABC News. "Facebook emotion study breached ethical guidelines, researchers ... after massive blood loss which caused paralysis and fainting, measured their blood pressure. The experiment was often performed ... in which they studied changes in blood pressure and blood flow. In one of the studies, researchers inserted a catheter through ... Over a two-year span, the test subjects were given doses of I-131 and samples of saliva, urine, blood, and thyroid tissue were ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unethical_human_experimentation_in_the_United_States

"The long quest to create artificial blood may soon be over". NBC News. Retrieved 2017-01-25. "ErythroMer Blood Substitute , ... Blood substitutes, Washington University in St. Louis, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, All stub articles, Blood and ... ErythroMer is a red blood substitute in development funded by the National Institutes of Health and U.S. Department of Defense ... This opens up the possibility of eventual stockpiling of ErythoMer making it easier to supply blood in large amounts to those ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythromer

Perfluorinated alkanes are used as blood substitutes. Fluorocarbons are also used as a propellant for metered-dose inhalers ... Perfluorodecalin has been demonstrated as a blood substitute transporting oxygen to the lungs. The solvent 1,1,1,2- ... Fluorine-substituted ethers are volatile anesthetics, including the commercial products methoxyflurane, enflurane, isoflurane, ... Illustrative of fluorous technology is the use of fluoroalkyl-substituted tin hydrides for reductions, the products being ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organofluorine_chemistry

Blood Substitutes, and Immobilization Biotechnology. 40 (3): 197-199. doi:10.3109/10731199.2012.662408. PMC 3566225. PMID ... Blood Substitutes, and Immobilization Biotechnology. 40 (3): 197-199. doi:10.3109/10731199.2012.662408. PMC 3566225. PMID ... Artificial red blood cells (RBC) have already been in projects for about 60 years, but they started getting interest when the ... In ECMO, one or more catheters are placed into the patient and a pump is used to flow blood over hollow membrane fibers, which ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_organ

Schimmeyer, S. (2002). "The Search for a Blood Substitute". Illumin. Columbia: University of Southern Carolina. 15 (1). ... In the body, PFAAs bind to proteins such as serum albumin; they tend to concentrate within humans in the liver and blood before ... Liquid fluorocarbons can hold large volumes of oxygen or carbon dioxide, more so than blood, and have attracted attention for ... Gains, Paul (18 October 1998). "A New Threat in Blood Doping". The New York Times. Retrieved 18 October 2013. Gessner, B. D.; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorine

... s are also being investigated for use as blood substitutes. Their steric bulk surrounding a heme-mimetic centre ... In the case of drug delivery to the brain, dendrimers are able to take advantage of the EPR effect and blood-brain barrier (BBB ... resulting in lower cytotoxicity and lower red blood cell hemolysis. Additionally, studies have found that PEGylation of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrimer

First Qualified Substitutes, Martin Vaculík, had problems with blood pressure. The draw was made on 21 September. (7) Kenneth ... Injured Kenneth Bjerre was replaced by second Qualified Substitutes, Krzysztof Kasprzak. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Speedway_Grand_Prix_of_Nordic

Blood substitutes such as hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers are in development; however, as of 2013 there are none available for ... If blood products are needed, a greater use of fresh frozen plasma and platelets instead of only packed red blood cells has ... Other tests should be performed to get a baseline measurement of their current blood chemistry, such as an arterial blood gas ... Where blood pressure is low or the heart rate is increased-likely from bleeding in the abdomen-immediate surgery bypassing a CT ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_trauma

Kresie L (April 2001). "Artificial blood: an update on current red cell and platelet substitutes". Proceedings. 14 (2): 158-61 ... Motor neurons, muscle, and blood vessels grow with the regenerated limb, and reestablish the connections that were present ... Examples of physiological regeneration in mammals include epithelial renewal (e.g., skin and intestinal tract), red blood cell ... their subsequent circulation for around 90 days in the blood stream, and their eventual cell-death in the spleen. Another ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regeneration_(biology)

... , stage blood or fake blood is anything used as a substitute for blood in a theatrical or cinematic performance ... Blood substitute Blood squirt Theatrical makeup Seckel, Al. Masters of Deception: Escher, Dali & the Artists of Optical ... There are many reasons for substituting for real blood in the film industry, such as ethical and sanitary concerns, and ... The crime scene investigation science of bloodstain pattern analysis uses stage blood or sometimes cow's blood in mock-up crime ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theatrical_blood

Blood substitutes are the subject of research because the demand for blood transfusions grows faster than donations. In some ... Schimmeyer, S. (2002). "The search for a blood substitute". Illumin. 5 (1). Archived from the original on 2 October 2011. ... After injection into the blood, FDG is taken up by "FDG-avid" tissues with a high need for glucose, such as the brain and most ... Substituting a fluorine into a para position, however, protects the aromatic ring and prevents the epoxide from being produced ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_aspects_of_fluorine

He also experimented with different methods of preserving blood and blood substitutes. Tzanck's most lasting contribution was ... During the First World War, he was a doctor in the military ambulance where he realized the vital role of the blood ... Arnault Tzanck's name is attached to an apparatus he invented that was widely used for transfusing blood in France between the ... Arnault Tzanck (1886-1954) was a French physician and a pioneer of blood transfusion. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnault_Tzanck

Campanini, Bruno; Raboni, Mozzarelli (January 2003). "Oxygen Delivery by Allosteric Effectors of Hemoglobin, Blood Substitutes ... modifiers of hemoglobin useful for decreasing oxygen affinity and preserving oxygen carrying capability of stored blood". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efaproxiral

A substitute for blood, like human blood. Aradak's and Phaton's father, Tevel, found the source of the blood substitute. Doll- ... Blood Box - A box with the image of power and the world's most powerful vampire. In order to open the Blood Box, the blood of ... Blood Lilies - Not so much a weakness as it is a warning to humans. If a vampire is near a Blood Lily, the lily dies (the stem ... The effect of the Doll-Bar on Splits is that it augments their red blood cells, but some of the augmented red blood cells are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Split_(TV_series)

... blood substitutes, bioencapsulation, cell/stem cell therapy. Hackensack, New Jersey: World Scientific. ISBN 978-981-270-576-1. ... The globules were between 10 to 40 micrometres (0.00039 to 0.00157 in), or about the size of red blood cells. Remarkably, the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocell

... new monopoly on the blood substitute, as using blood substitute to cure blood loss in humans is much less profitable than ... He succeeds in creating a blood substitute, which would make him wealthy and powerful in a world of vampires, and so is hostile ... Having finally discovered a viable blood substitute, and feeling overshadowed by Edward, Christopher is uninterested in a cure ... Edward and colleague Christopher Caruso are developing a blood substitute. Driving home from a failed experiment, Dalton ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daybreakers

... a blood substitute solution of chemically modified human hemoglobin. Hemopure, a blood substitute solution of chemically ... This includes the use of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and blood plasma. Other fractions derived from blood are ... Platelet Gel, blood is withdrawn and put into a solution rich in platelets and white blood cells. Fractions from red blood ... Blood introduced directly into the veins circulates and functions as blood, not as nutrition. Hence, blood transfusion is a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jehovah's_Witnesses_and_blood_transfusions

"A safer substitute for benzidine in the detection of blood". Tetrahedron. 30 (18): 3299. doi:10.1016/S0040-4020(01)97504-0. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine

Blood transfusion is the only approved fluid replacement capable of carrying oxygen; some oxygen-carrying blood substitutes are ... Also, if it is anticipated that blood will be given, normal saline is used because it is the only fluid compatible with blood ... Blood products, non-blood products and combinations are used in fluid replacement, including colloid and crystalloid solutions ... Lactated Ringer's solution is another isotonic crystalloid solution and it is designed to match most closely blood plasma. If ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluid_replacement

Chang, Thomas Ming Swi (2007). Artificial Cells: Biotechnology, Nanomedicine, Regenerative Medicine, Blood Substitutes, ... In 1926, the Canadian biochemist Archibald Macallum noted the resemblance of body fluids such as blood and lymph to seawater; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abiogenesis

In a study on blood substitutes, DSS was shown to cross-link Hemoglobin intramolecularly, yielding a relatively stable protein ... and/or glutaraldehyde for blood substitutes". Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology. 42 (1): 13-17. doi:10.3109/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disuccinimidyl_suberate

We have come, over a way that with tears has been watered, We have come, treading our path through the blood of the slaughtered ... where she caused a controversy by substituting the words of "Lift Every Voice and Sing" into the song. This arrangement of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lift_Every_Voice_and_Sing

City of Blood, Cities of the Underworld - History Channel 2 (H2), 2008 Ashe, Geoffrey. The Hell-Fire Clubs: A History of Anti- ... This reformed alphabet discarded six letters he regarded as redundant (c, j, q, w, x, and y), and substituted six new letters ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin

... first as a substitute in 1985. Bennett was a full-time middle-school math teacher in 1986 at the then redesignated Urbana ... He also played guitar with Steve Pride and His Blood Kin and Gator Alley. Nearing a master's degree in education at the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay_Bennett

Make them be for us the body and blood of Christ, that we may be for the world the body of Christ, redeemed by his blood. ... Just as preaching in the Methodist movement was not a substitute for Holy Communion, so for Wesley class meetings did not take ... We likewise reject that doctrine which affirms the physical presence of Christ's body and blood to be by, with and under the ... Many testified that they had 'redemption in the blood of Jesus, even the forgiveness of sins.' And many were enabled to declare ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wesleyan_theology

Reynolds finished fifth in the trials, and qualified for a place as a substitute on the American 4 x 400 meters relay team. ... Testers had marked specimen "H6" as testing positive while Reynolds' blood specimen was "H5". Lab director Jean-Pierre LaFarge ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butch_Reynolds

Experienced players will take on new blood to help them get started, and a handicap system similar to the Western Australian ... The team competition was 9 teams of 6 players plus substitutes. Main part of the team competition was 48 games; each team ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darkzone

Blood of Christ - A reference to (a) the actual blood of Jesus when he was sacrificed on the cross (cf. Luke 22:19, 20); and/or ... or anti-Christ is someone recognized as fulfilling the Biblical prophecies about one who will oppose Christ and substitute ... As are all covenants between God and man described in the Bible, it is "a bond in blood sovereignly administered by God." New ... "That's covered by the blood of Christ.". Body of Christ - A reference to (a) the Christian church as a whole, worldwide (cf. 1 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_Christianity

... "substitute" of the Secretariat of State, and later Paul VI) on the one side and Draganović and Hudal on the other, and has ... "If National Socialism wants to replace Christianity by the notions of race and blood, we will have to face the greatest heresy ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alois_Hudal

Icaridin, another substituted-piperidine insect-repellent VUAA1, Experimental insect repellent Klun, J. A.; Khrimian, A.; ... and Deet Suppress Human Blood Feeding by Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi, and Phlebotomus papatasi". Journal of Medical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS220

Soft ticks remain attached on the order of a couple hours and may take multiple blood meals from the same host. Hard ticks on ... Clothes that cover exposed skin can help limit tick attachment but should not be a substitute for thorough skin and hair checks ... After attachment, ticks gain access to a hosts blood supply via use of sharp projections from their mouth known as chelicerae. ... Ticks are insects known for attaching to and sucking blood from land-dwelling animals (specifically vertebrates). Ticks fall ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tick_infestation

Blood donation: The members are animated by an in-house blood donation organization. Through actions, people outside of the ... The publication of a house magazine had to be discontinued for financial reasons and was largely substituted by social media. ... club are also called to blood donations. Miscellaneous: A group of interested people are taught the classic weaving techniques ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enosi_Pontion_Pierias

Barnes made his debut for the England under-21 team as a substitute in a 0-0 draw with Wales in December 1976, coming on as a ... "We are not asking Peter to run his blood to water, but we do want to see him get a bit of a sweat occasionally". Barnes in turn ... He was substituted after being injured by Juventus defender Claudio Gentile, who stamped his studs through Barnes's shoe to ... He was an unused substitute in the 1985 FA Charity Shield defeat by Everton at Wembley Stadium. He scored on his debut for the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Barnes_(footballer)

... blood transfusion and public health laboratories. C) Tertiary Level health care is available at the medical college hospital, ... the national Annual Development Program and Five Year Plans substituted for policy principles. The problems in the health ... college hospitals and specialised institutions should get preferential treatment after admission Health in Bangladesh Blood ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_policy_in_Bangladesh

Clare's Shane O'Donnell, who Lynch replaced as a brief blood sub, was a late addition to the team, and went on to score a hat- ... On 13 July 2008 Lynch lined out in his first Munster final, when he came on as a substitute for Declan O'Rourke against ... On 8 September 2013 Lynch lined out against Cork in his first All-Ireland final when he was introduced as a late substitute ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fergal_Lynch

In times of grain shortages or outright famine, grains could be supplemented with cheaper and less desirable substitutes like ... generate good blood and brighten the mood. The quality of wine differed considerably according to vintage, the type of grape ... which was used as a substitute in dishes that otherwise required eggs or milk, though the bitter variety of almonds came along ... turmeric provided a yellow substitute, and touches of gilding at banquets supplied both the medieval love of ostentatious show ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_cuisine

Both pinnipeds and cetaceans have large and complex blood vessel systems pushing large volumes of blood rich in myoglobin and ... which in turn may be substitutes for their original prey, now reduced by industrial whaling. A 2010 study considered whales to ... Pinnipeds mostly feed on fish and cephalopods, followed by crustaceans and bivalves, and then zooplankton and warm-blooded prey ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_mammal

... "including Indian blood", there were 20.: 3 When Green became president, the institute was in debt.: 2 American abolitionists, ... because its course of study substituted Hebrew for Latin, and it was called an Institute, not an Academy, College, or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oneida_Institute

"In most sci-fi epics, special effects substitute for story. Here they seamlessly advance it", observes Colin Covert of Star ... In the middle of one shot, blood splattered onto the lens, and cinematographer Emmanuel Lubezki convinced the director to leave ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Children_of_Men

Cheng, Jim (January 7, 2008). "Critics' Choice Awards: Dark, violent 'No Country' and 'Blood' on top". USA Today. Retrieved ... "the idea of substituting John Travolta for Harvey Fierstein as Tracy's hefty mother... a blandly earnest betrayal." Stephanie ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hairspray_(2007_film)

The fruit can also be a substitute for coffee beans, and has many uses in alcoholic beverages: to flavour liqueurs and cordials ... and the subsequent association of the Rowan's red fruit with the blood of Christ. The Old Irish name is cairtheand, reflected ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowan

They had killed a cockerel, spread its feathers and blood around, and drawn a Celtic cross as "a huge joke" that "doesn't seem ... Chrystal & West, another firm of Bedford architects, drew up plans to remove the existing roof and clerestory, and substitute ... and the crosses were possibly painted with animal blood (although on this point Barker disagreed, thinking them more likely to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Mary's_Church,_Clophill

He copied his subjects down to the blood. So he drained the Chief's blood and took it into himself. But he wasn't able to ... He is the main character of Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty that substitutes Solid Snake as the player character in the ... He even injects the blood of those he impersonates into his own body for a more "perfect" disguise. Along with the rest of his ... Solid Snake: During those two days, he survived by feeding on the blood of his family to quench his thirst. That's how he ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Metal_Gear_characters

... designed to assemble a substitute Justice League in the event that the originals were ever killed - selected Blood as the ... Separated from Blood via the Crown's power and about to destroy him, Merlin reminded Blood of his own power. Jason Blood spoke ... Some time after this, Jason Blood and Glenda Mark attempt to separate Blood and Etrigan, an event which leads to Blood's ally, ... Jason Blood / Etrigan appears in the Young Justice episode "Nomed Esir!", voiced by David Shaughnessy. Jason Blood / Etrigan is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etrigan_the_Demon

In particular, folklore describes how to prevent the fairies from stealing babies and substituting changelings, and abducting ... TV series True Blood, TV series Winx Club, animated TV series Zaczek, Iain (2005). Angels & fairies. Internet Archive. London ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairy

His blood was offered to the principal deities in order to please and placate them. The Inca of Peru also made human sacrifices ... Cicero claimed that puppets thrown from the Pons Suplicius by the Vestal Virgins in a processional ceremony were substitutes ... Blood was mixed with soil to improve its fertility. There may be evidence of retainer sacrifice in the early dynastic period at ... Acéphale Animal sacrifice Blood atonement Capital punishment Child sacrifice Curse of Tippecanoe Gehenna Homo Necans Honor ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_sacrifice

During the day on the 14th of Nisan, they were to slaughter the animal and use its blood to mark their lintels and door posts. ... The eating of the afikoman substitutes for the eating of the Korban Pesach at the end of the Seder meal (Mishnah Pesachim 119a ... No longer, therefore, could blood be smeared on doorways. Called the "festival [of] the matzot" (Hebrew: חג המצות ḥag ha- ... and when he seeth the blood upon the lintel, and on the two side posts, the LORD will pass over the door, and will not suffer ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passover

One such woman had been plagued with a flow of blood for 12 years, no one having been able to heal her. She found the faith in ... As to the manner of Jesus with women, he did not substitute uncritical deference for prejudice against women. He related to ... 5:27] When she did, two things happened: the flows of blood stopped and she was discovered.: p.83 Jesus turned and asked who ... Among the things considered defiling (disqualifying one for the rituals of religion) was an issue of blood, especially ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus'_interactions_with_women

Human breast milk acts as a substitute, instead of formula, when a mother cannot provide her own milk. Human breast milk can ... The Market in Blood, Milk, and Sperm in Modern America. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2014. Newman, Susan; Nahman, ... The donor milk therefore acts as a substitute. Human milk banks offer families a chance to provide their child with reliable ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_milk_bank

... substituted the far more talented Bold Personality for Fine Cotton in a low-class race. The scheme was discovered immediately ... a scheme by the English rugby union club Harlequins to fake an injury to wing Tom Williams to allow a blood replacement to be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sporting_scandals

"Kindred Blood in Kensington Gore" (1992) "Softly - As in an Evening Sunrise" (1992) "English Garden" (1993) "Friendship Bridge ... ", "Jungle Substitute" (novelette), "Lazarus", "Man on Bridge", "'Never Let Go of My Hand!'", "No Moon To-night!" (novelette ... ", "Heresies of the Huge God", Clement Yale series (#1 "The Circulation of the Blood" (novelette), #2 "...And the Stagnation of ... ", "Burning Question", Clement Yale series (#1 "The Circulation of the Blood" (novelette)), "The Eyes of the Blind King", " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Aldiss

Blood safety: proposal to establish World Blood Donor Day: report by the Secretariat ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/handle/10665/19972/browse?authority=Blood+Substitutes&type=mesh

... from SSaSS investigators provide further insight into the reductions in blood pressure observed with use of a salt substitute, ... "Salt substitutes produce consistent blood pressure-lowering effects across geographies and diverse participant subsets. Blood ... Upon analysis, investigators found use of a salt substitute was associated with an overall reduction of systolic blood pressure ... Salt Substitutes Linked to Lower Blood Pressure, Reduced Event and Mortality Risk. ...

https://www.consultantlive.com/view/salt-substitutes-linked-to-lower-blood-pressure-reduced-event-and-mortality-risk

Blood derivatives and substitutes : preparation, storage, administration and clinical results including a discussion of shock ... Williams & Wilkins, 1947. Description: 484 pSubject(s): Blood transfusion , PlasmaNLM classification: WB 356 ...

https://kohahq.searo.who.int/cgi-bin/koha/opac-search.pl?q=ccl=pl%3A%22Baltimore%2C%20Md.%20%3A%22&sort_by=relevance_dsc&count=20&limit=au:Weinstein,%20Jacob%20Joseph

Gene Therapy and Blood Substitutes. *Pharmaceutical Processing. PhD in Chemistry. A PhD in Chemistry is a terminal degree where ...

https://www.gradschools.com/programs/biology/biochemistry?in=utah

Increased blood volume means more work for the heart and more pressure on blood vessels. Over time, the extra work and pressure ... Potassium salt (salt substitute). 0 mg (contains 2,760-3,180 mg potassium). † The inclusion of brand-names on this list is for ... When sodium accumulates in the blood, water is transferred out of cells and into the blood to dilute it. This fluid shift and a ... High salt intake increases blood pressure, which can lead to heart disease, while high potassium intake can help relax blood ...

https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/salt-and-sodium/

Blood Substitutes. Medscape. New York NY [updated 2012 June 25; accessed 2013 October 22]. Available from: http://emedicine. ... Gladwin MT, Hunter CJ, Dejam A, Blood AB, Shields H, Kim-Shapiro D, et al. 2004. Inhaled nebulized nitrite is a hypoxia- ... Toxic responses of the blood. In: Amdur MO, Doull J, Klaassen CD, editors. Casarett and Doulls toxicology: the basic science ... Acute blood pressure lowering, vasoprotective, and antiplatelet properties of dietary nitrate via bioconversion to nitrite. ...

https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/csem/nitrate-nitrite/literature.html

Blood Platelets [‎1]‎. Blood Substitutes [‎6]‎. Blood Transfusion [‎6]‎. Child Mortality [‎5]‎. ...

https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/2022/browse?type=mesh

The third of four blood drives hosted by the city of Santa Maria this year will be from noon to 5 p.m. Aug. 7 in the parking ... Blood transfusions save lives. » There is no substitute for human blood. » The Santa Maria Valley needs 160 pints of blood ... One pint of blood, separated into components, can help up to three people. » Donors receive a free blood pressure checkup. » ... The public is invited to sign up and join city and county employees in donating blood to United Blood Services. Donors will ...

https://www.noozhawk.com/072808_roll_up_your_sleeves_for_city_of_santa_maria_blood_drive/

It is not yet clear if salt substitutes reduce blood pressure (BP) among Indian hypertensive patients. OBJECTIVES:. Examine the ... Effects of a reduced-sodium added-potassium salt substitute on blood pressure in rural Indian hypertensive patients: a ... Effects of a reduced-sodium added-potassium salt substitute on blood pressure in rural Ind ... The primary outcome was the change in systolic BP (SBP) from baseline to 3 mo comparing the salt substitute and regular salt ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/resource/pt/mdl-33782684

Learn about the best natural remedies for high blood pressure, including eating less salt and more potassium, walking more, ... None of these methods are a substitute for blood pressure medication. If youve been prescribed medication for high blood ... Stress can cause your blood pressure to skyrocket, and over time, that can lead to chronic high blood pressure and do damage to ... The 7 Best Blood Pressure Monitors to Use at Home by Chaunie Brusie ...

https://www.livestrong.com/article/13724775-how-to-lower-blood-pressure/

Help to keep blood sugar under control Sugar substitutes can help people with diabetes satisfy cravings without causing spikes ... In this guide to alternative sweeteners and sugar, I examine the available science on the pros and cons of sugar substitutes, ... Blood sugar control and diabetes management: Artificial sweeteners.. *Oral hygiene and cavity prevention: Artificial sweeteners ... Several studies show that non-nutritive sweeteners, particularly sucralose, do not mess with blood sugar or insulin. ...

https://www.cnet.com/health/nutrition/sugar-vs-artificial-sweeteners-which-is-healthier/

Substitute IGRA blood tests for TSTs. Clinicians who use the IGRA blood tests should be aware that the criteria for test ... Substitute TUBERSOL® for APLISOL® for skin testing. In cross-sectional studies, the two skin test products give similar results ... When TB disease is strongly suspected, specific treatment should be started regardless of results from TST or an IGRA blood ... While overall test concordance is high, switching between PPD skin test products or between TSTs and blood tests in serial ...

https://emergency.cdc.gov/han/HAN00420.asp

Fresenius Kabi Continues Key Sponsorship of The Great Chicago Blood Drive ... There is no substitute for donated blood products.. The ABC 7 Great Chicago Blood Drive. Jan. 20 from 7 a.m. to 6 p.m. at Union ... While winter weather can cancel blood drives or keep donors from donating, the need for blood never takes a break. Blood ... How to donate blood. Simply download the American Red Cross Blood Donor App, visit redcrossblood.org or call 1-800-RED CROSS (1 ...

https://www.fresenius-kabi.com/us/news/fresenius-kabi-continues-key-sponsorship-of-the-great

These may be used instead of plasma or blood products.. *There are no artificial blood substitutes for red blood cells or ... What is a blood transfusion?. *A blood transfusion is when youre given a blood product. A blood product can be red blood cells ... a sample of your blood is taken. Tests are done on this blood sample to make sure the donated blood will match with your blood. ... Where do blood products come from?. *In Alberta, Canadian Blood Services (CBS) collects blood from healthy, volunteer donors. ...

https://myhealth.alberta.ca/alberta/Pages/Blood-transfusions.aspx

Cooks tip Try substituting eating oranges with blush or blood oranges when they are in season. Any thick watercress stems can ...

https://www.waitrose.com/content/waitrose/en/home/recipes/recipe_directory/c/chicken-livers-withspeltwatercressorange.html

Learn how employees give back by donating blood to St. Jude patients. ... Jude," said Kimberly Foster, Blood Donor Center recruiter.. There is no current substitute for human blood or platelets. The ... Jude Blood Donor Center.. A visit to the St. Jude Blood Donor Center can be as painless as a preschoolers daily regimen: ... Jude employees show passion for giving by donating to Blood Donor Center Kimberly Foster works to recruit donors to the St. ...

https://www.stjude.org/about-st-jude/stories/making-a-difference/employee-donations-key-to-blood-donor-center.html

There is no substitute for blood, and volunteer donors are the only source. ... This blood drive comes when the Red Cross is facing a critical blood shortage and is issuing an emergency call for donors of ... All blood types are needed to ensure a reliable supply for patients. A blood donor card or drivers license or two other forms ... How to donate blood. To make an appointment or for more information, simply download the American Red Cross Blood Donor App, ...

https://www.redcrossblood.org/local-homepage/news/article/sea-life-aquarium-offers-free-admission-to-shark-week-blood-drive-participants-as-red-cross-issues-emergency-call-for-donors-2.html

Are sugar substitutes considered carbohydrates? Do they raise blood sugar?. Non-nutritive sweeteners or sugar substitutes are ... What is their effect on blood glucose?. Nuts have little or no carbohydrate, so they do not raise your immediate blood sugar, ... the grams of sugar that do not go into your blood (fiber and sugar alcohols). Sugar free cookies may contain sugar substitute ... The amount of usable sugar in the food you eat has the most impact on your blood sugar. The usable sugar is determined by ...

https://asweetlife.org/diabetes-and-diet-your-questions-answered/

Place each tissue in a separate and labeled Ziplock bag or leak-proof container (DO NOT FREEZE). Heart blood (3-5ml) in red-top ... Note: If history indicates a herd abortion outbreak, viral isolation will be substituted for FA at an additional cost. Dam ... and heart blood. For bovines, also submit a fresh 1/4" - 1/2" piece of skin. ... buffered formalin for histopathology testing and freezer packs to keep fresh tissues and serum and whole blood chilled. ...

https://www.vet.cornell.edu/animal-health-diagnostic-center/testing/protocols/abortion

Stem cells show real promise of relieving shortages in the blood supply by creating blood substitutes:. http://pubs.acs.org/cen ... The Ford Motor Company can substitute its stock for as much as half of its payments into a retiree health care trust under a ...

https://davidbrin.blogspot.com/2009/02/track-record-predicting-future.html?showComment=1236972480000

Non-invasive virological diagnosis: are saliva and urine specimens adequate substitutes for blood? Review of Medical ... Dr Manikkavasagan is a research fellow in the Immunisation, Hepatitis and Blood Safety Department at the Health Protection ... However, because rubella infection is usually mild, physicians are reluctant to obtain blood samples for serum confirmation, ... Mary E. Ramsay, Immunisation, Hepatitis and Blood Safety Department, Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections, 61 ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/16/10/10-0560

Gelatin blood plasma substitutes are more compatible with the body than polysaccharide blood plasma substitutes. It is used to ... The pharmaceutical gelatin sponge absorbs blood and expands to stop bleeding. It is compatible with the body, can be degraded ...

https://www.otto-max.com/en/product5.htm

https://www.emergency.cdc.gov/han/han00420.asp

Menstrual blood could be substituted for pig blood if none is available. ... Therefore all we need to do is to carry around a very small sealed container, no bigger than a pill box, of a pigs blood.. In ... it could be that the blast will surely distribute the blood away from the bomber and any way, I heard that theyd run out of ... All that we have to do is to ensure that a statistically significant number of people carry around a pill box of pigs blood, ...

https://nannyknowsbest.blogspot.com/2006/02/how-to-protect-yourself-from-suicide.html

Calcium: in dairy products, dairy substitutes, and leafy greens.. As you think about boosting good nutrients, you can also ... These blood vessels come together as the portal vein, which brings blood to the liver. The blood vessels branch into smaller ... Monitoring Blood Pressure. Taking regular blood pressure readings can help you keep blood pressure down. Those readings act as ... This leads to a smaller blood volume, less force of blood against your vessels, and lower blood pressure. Side effects can ...

https://www.lark.com/resources/hypertension-high-blood-pressure

... with the hospitals and blood banks having largest market share. ... Blood-grouping reagents market size is estimated to grow by USD ... 4.5 Threat of substitutes*Exhibit 21: Threat of substitutes - Impact of key factors in 2021 and 2026 ... Blood group testing is required for cancer patients as they may require blood transfusion for the treatment. Blood products ... What is the blood-grouping reagents market size? Blood-Grouping Reagents market growth will increase by $485.33 million during ...

https://www.technavio.com/report/blood-grouping-reagents-market-industry-analysis

Each day, the Red Cross needs 14,000 blood donations to meet the needs of patients at approximately 2,600 hospitals and transfusion centers across the country. (fresenius-kabi.com)
What is a blood transfusion? (alberta.ca)
A blood transfusion is when you're given a blood product. (alberta.ca)
A blood transfusion is usually given slowly and can take up to 4 hours. (alberta.ca)
Why do I need a blood transfusion? (alberta.ca)
Your doctor will talk with you about why you or your child need a blood transfusion. (alberta.ca)
When you need a blood transfusion, a sample of your blood is taken. (alberta.ca)
Are there risks when getting a blood transfusion? (alberta.ca)
Can I have a reaction to a blood transfusion? (alberta.ca)
Sometimes you can react to a blood product transfusion. (alberta.ca)
To watch for this, your vitals (blood pressure, heart rate, breathing) will be checked often during the transfusion. (alberta.ca)
The blood tests done before the transfusion help to lower the risk of this kind of reaction. (alberta.ca)
Are there other options to having a blood transfusion? (alberta.ca)
The increasing prevalence of chronic disorders is notably driving the market growth, although factors such as risks associated with blood transfusion may impede the market growth. (technavio.com)
Blood group testing is required for cancer patients as they may require blood transfusion for the treatment. (technavio.com)
The risks associated with blood transfusion will be a major challenge for the market during the forecast period. (technavio.com)
Blood transfusion plays a major role in replacing the blood lost during surgeries, injuries, or due to chemotherapy drug effects among cancer patients. (technavio.com)
Some of the risks and complications associated with blood transfusion include acute immune hemolytic reaction, wherein the immune system attacks the transfused RBCs if the donor blood type is not a good match. (technavio.com)
Aim: To assess the extent of available knowledge, as well as the attitudes and the utilization of blood conservation strategies amongst medical doctors, who are the implementers of blood transfusion and conservation in clinical practice. (who.int)
Conclusion: There is a need for hospital transfusion committees to educate and increase the drive for utilization of blood conservation methods amongst doctors, so as to increase its practice. (who.int)

A blood product can be red blood cells, plasma, or platelets. (alberta.ca)
Platelets are small, sticky cells that make plugs on walls of your blood vessels (veins and arteries). (alberta.ca)
After the blood is tested, it's separated into all of the different parts - red blood cells and platelets. (alberta.ca)
There are no artificial blood substitutes for red blood cells or platelets. (alberta.ca)
There is no current substitute for human blood or platelets. (stjude.org)
He started by providing whole blood and soon switched to giving platelets, which takes about 90 minutes but allows him to get work done. (stjude.org)
The center collects about 200 units of platelets and 55 units of red blood cells each month. (stjude.org)
Typically, anyone in good health who is at least 18 years of age and weighs at least 110 pounds may donate blood and platelets. (stjude.org)
Blood products such as platelets used for treating cancer patients have a short shelf life, which increases their demand. (technavio.com)
It's called cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, or CVST, and it is being seen in combination with low levels of blood platelets (a condition called thrombocytopenia ). (wypr.org)

P =.045) greater reduction in systolic blood pressure. (consultantlive.com)
And that can help lower your systolic blood pressure (the top number) by as many as nine points, according to the Mayo Clinic . (livestrong.com)
The top number is the systolic blood pressure, which is the force as your heart contracts and pushes blood through your body. (lark.com)
For example, if your blood pressure is 135/91, your systolic blood pressure is in the prehypertensive range and your diastolic blood pressure is in the range of Stage 1 hypertension . (lark.com)
You would also be considered to have stage 1 hypertension if your systolic blood pressure is 140-159 and your diastolic blood pressure is under 90, or if your diastolic blood pressure is 90-99 and your systolic blood pressure is under 140. (lark.com)

Blood transfusions save lives. (noozhawk.com)
About 1,000 blood product transfusions are performed during a typical month at the hospital. (stjude.org)
Substances that are used in place of blood, for example, as an alternative to BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS after blood loss to restore BLOOD VOLUME and oxygen-carrying capacity to the blood circulation, or to perfuse isolated organs. (bvsalud.org)
Almost all participants had transfused blood in their practice and all participants were aware that blood transfusions have complications. (who.int)

Mean arterial blood pressures (MAP) estimated by proximal forearm NIBP were compared with direct intra-arterial measurements. (who.int)
A total of 30 adults with body mass index 30 kg/m2 in whom perioperative intra-arterial blood pressure measurement was considered mandatory were enrolled. (who.int)
Accurate, perioperative blood pressures measurements are patients.13,14,17-19 We hypothesised that NIBP MAP measurements particularly important in obese patients as they frequently suffer would be interchangeable with intra-arterial MAP measurements. (who.int)
Obese pa- index 30 kg.m-2 and in whom intraoperative direct intra-arterial tients will therefore often require large-sized cuffs, which blood pressure measurement was considered mandatory by the over-estimate MAP. (who.int)
This study was conducted to determine whether pulse oximetry accurately estimates arterial blood gas measurements during exercise in the assessment of chronic beryllium disease (CBD) and beryllium sensitization (BeS). (cdc.gov)
Oxygen saturation in the blood was measured through an indwelling arterial line and by pulse oximetry. (cdc.gov)
These data suggest that pulse oximetry cannot be used reliably to distinguish between CBD and BeS and, thus, is not an adequate substitute for arterial blood gas analysis with exercise. (cdc.gov)

The bottom number is the diastolic blood pressure, which is the force as your heart relaxes. (lark.com)
If your systolic and diastolic blood pressure are in two different categories, doctors consider the number that is in the higher category. (lark.com)

These findings are unlikely to reflect the play of chance and support the adoption of salt substitutes in clinical practice and public health policy as a strategy to reduce dietary sodium intake, increase dietary potassium intake, lower blood pressure and prevent major cardiovascular events," investigators added. (consultantlive.com)

Donors receive a free blood pressure checkup. (noozhawk.com)
Donors will learn their blood type. (noozhawk.com)
While winter weather can cancel blood drives or keep donors from donating, the need for blood never takes a break. (fresenius-kabi.com)
Donors of all blood types are needed on Jan. 20, particularly O negative, A negative and B negative. (fresenius-kabi.com)
Blood donors can now save time at their next donation by using RapidPass to complete their pre-donation reading and health history questionnaire online, on the day of their donation, prior to arriving at the blood drive. (fresenius-kabi.com)
In Alberta, Canadian Blood Services (CBS) collects blood from healthy, volunteer donors. (alberta.ca)
All donors are asked questions about their health, travel, and social history before blood is collected. (alberta.ca)
Kimberly Foster works to recruit donors to the St. Jude Blood Donor Center. (stjude.org)
The Blood Donor Center staff do an excellent job of making all the donors feel comfortable and will help you get over your fears and potential discomfort," said Slavish, who has been donating since 2009. (stjude.org)
This blood drive comes when the Red Cross is facing a critical blood shortage and is issuing an emergency call for donors of all types to give now so patients can continue to receive the lifesaving treatments they need. (redcrossblood.org)
There is no substitute for blood, and volunteer donors are the only source. (redcrossblood.org)

Increased blood volume means more work for the heart and more pressure on blood vessels. (harvard.edu)
Over time, the extra work and pressure can stiffen blood vessels, leading to high blood pressure, heart attack, and stroke. (harvard.edu)
Potassium can help the body get rid of excess sodium, and this can ease pressure on our blood vessels," Pflugradt says. (livestrong.com)
Having overweight can strain your heart and potentially damage your blood vessels, both of which could contribute to high BP. (livestrong.com)
Hypertension is high blood pressure in your blood vessels. (lark.com)
The pressure is measured as the force of the blood against the wall of your blood vessels, usually your arteries, which carry oxygenated blood to your body organs and tissues. (lark.com)

A systematic review and meta-analysis from SSaSS investigators provide further insight into the reductions in blood pressure observed with use of a salt substitute, as well as the impact of use on overall risk of mortality and mortality from cardiovascular-specific causes. (consultantlive.com)
Led by investigators from the landmark Salt Substitute and Stroke Study (SSaSS), results of the systematic review and meta-analysis provide an overview of the apparent reductions in blood pressure observed with use of a salt substitute as well as the impact on overall risk of mortality and mortality from cardiovascular-specific causes. (consultantlive.com)
Salt substitutes produce consistent blood pressure-lowering effects across geographies and diverse participant subsets. (consultantlive.com)
Blood pressure-mediated beneficial effects of salt substitute on clinical outcomes appear likely to be accrued across a broad range of populations without adverse effects," wrote investigators. (consultantlive.com)
To do so, investigators designed their endeavor as a systematic review and meta-analysis of parallel-group, step-wedge, or cluster randomized controlled trials evaluated the impact of salt substitutes on blood pressure or clinical outcomes. (consultantlive.com)
Of the 21 trials identified for inclusion, 19 reported effects on blood pressure and 5 reported effects on clinical outcomes. (consultantlive.com)
But too much sodium in the diet can lead to high blood pressure, heart disease, and stroke. (harvard.edu)
A Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) Intake has also been established, based on the evidence of benefit of a reduced sodium intake on the risk of cardiovascular disease and high blood pressure. (harvard.edu)
There is some evidence that too much salt can damage the heart, aorta, and kidneys without increasing blood pressure, and that it may be bad for bones, too. (harvard.edu)
After conducting a review on sodium research, the Institute of Medicine concluded that reducing sodium intake lowers blood pressure, but evidence of a decreased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is inconclusive. (harvard.edu)
2] It is clear, however, that high blood pressure is a leading cause of CVD. (harvard.edu)
3] In China, high blood pressure is the leading cause of preventable death, responsible for more than one million deaths a year. (harvard.edu)
2] Those who are "salt-sensitive" experience the greatest blood pressure reductions after following a reduced sodium diet. (harvard.edu)
Studies have found that women more than men, people older than 50 years, African-Americans, and those with a higher starting blood pressure respond the greatest to reduced sodium intake. (harvard.edu)
The use of table salt is long associated with high blood pressure with subsequent health risks, but are salt substitutes actually beneficial? (foxrochester.com)
2011. Dietary nitrate attenuates oxidative stress, prevents cardiac and renal injuries, and reduces blood pressure in salt-induced hypertension. (cdc.gov)
Effects of a reduced-sodium added-potassium salt substitute on blood pressure in rural Indian hypertensive patients: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. (bvsalud.org)
It is not yet clear if salt substitutes reduce blood pressure (BP) among Indian hypertensive patients . (bvsalud.org)
Taking a walk every day can help lower blood pressure - bonus points if it's in a green space. (livestrong.com)
If you've been diagnosed with hypertension , you might be wondering about ways to lower blood pressure that don't involve drugs. (livestrong.com)
The good news is that natural ways to lower blood pressure abound. (livestrong.com)
Healthy lifestyle changes like managing stress, moving more and eating the best foods to lower blood pressure can go a long way toward bringing your numbers down. (livestrong.com)
Here are 13 expert-backed natural remedies for high blood pressure. (livestrong.com)
Blood pressure above 180/120 is considered immediately life-threatening and requires medical attention. (livestrong.com)
Swapping salt for other, sodium-free flavorings could help lower your blood pressure. (livestrong.com)
One of the major reasons excess salt causes blood pressure to rise is because it increases the volume of fluid in the body, which puts extra strain on the heart and kidneys," dietitian Sarah Pflugradt, RD , tells LIVESTRONG.com. (livestrong.com)
What Is Blood Pressure, Exactly? (livestrong.com)
If you're trying to lower your blood pressure naturally , aim to get at least 4,700 milligrams of potassium daily, recommends the AHA . (livestrong.com)
Find out how the DASH diet (that's Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) can help lower blood pressure. (livestrong.com)
Aim to walk at least a half hour each day to help lower high blood pressure. (livestrong.com)
According to a February 2019 study published in the journal ‌ Hypertension ‌, that amount could produce similar effects to blood pressure-lowering medication, although it's important to note that more research needs to be done in this area. (livestrong.com)
High blood pressure puts you at risk for stroke and heart disease, which are two of the top 3 causes of death in the U.S., and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or CDC, reports that it is responsible for over 1,000 deaths every day. (lark.com)
You will usually see your blood pressure reading as one number over another. (lark.com)
These are the standard classifications for normal and high blood pressure. (lark.com)
Normal blood pressure: 90/60 to under 120/80 mm Hg. (lark.com)
Stage 1 hypertension is when your blood pressure is 140-159/90-99 mmHg. (lark.com)
3) The combination of very large arm circumferences and Accurate perioperative blood pressure measurements are short upper arm lengths often coincide. (who.int)
MAP values.7 These limits are based on Strandgaard and considered the `gold standard' measurement technique.12-15 colleagues' research in which they studied cerebral Unfortunately radial artery catheterisation is associated with autoregulation by inducing blood pressure changes in conscious additional cost and complications, and may be difficult and time- hypertensive and normotensive patients. (who.int)

In most people, the kidneys have trouble keeping up with excess sodium in the blood. (harvard.edu)
Examine the acceptability, usage, and BP effects of a reduced- sodium and added- potassium salt substitute among hypertensive patients . (bvsalud.org)
Participants were randomly assigned to receive either regular salt (100% sodium chloride ) or the salt substitute (70% sodium chloride /30% potassium chloride blend), and advised to replace all home salt use. (bvsalud.org)
There was a significant increase in 24-h urinary potassium excretion in the salt substitute group by 0.24 g/d (95% CI 0.12, 0.35 g/d, P sodium to potassium ratio by 0.71 (95% CI 0.55, 0.87, P control group . (bvsalud.org)

To sign up as a donor with a reserved time, call the city's blood drive coordinator, Mark van de Kamp, at 805.925.0951, ext. 372. (noozhawk.com)
Simply download the American Red Cross Blood Donor App, visit redcrossblood.org or call 1-800-RED CROSS (1-800-733-2767) to make an appointment or for more information. (fresenius-kabi.com)
A blood donor card or driver's license or two other forms of identification are required at check-in. (fresenius-kabi.com)
If there's a problem, the donor is not allowed to give blood again. (alberta.ca)
A visit to the St. Jude Blood Donor Center can be as painless as a preschooler's daily regimen: There's time to recline in a padded chair while watching an entertaining movie, and everyone gets cookies and juice. (stjude.org)
You can watch a movie, have some snacks and know that you are able to give back to the kids at St. Jude, " said Kimberly Foster , Blood Donor Center recruiter. (stjude.org)
It's easy for me to do, and I love the staff in the Blood Donor Center. (stjude.org)

Led by Bruce Neal, MBChB, PhD, of the George Institute for Global Health, who was also the lead investigator of the Salt Substitute and Stroke Study, the current study was launched with the intent of providing clinicians with further evidence of the effects of salt substitutes on clinical outcomes in broader population groups. (consultantlive.com)
Clinicians who use the IGRA blood tests should be aware that the criteria for test interpretation are different from the criteria for interpreting TSTs (3). (cdc.gov)

Medicines that help stop blood clots from breaking down can help slow down or stop bleeding. (alberta.ca)
Federal health officials have called for a "pause" in the use of the Johnson & Johnson vaccine after reports that six women who got the vaccine developed blood clots afterward. (wypr.org)
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says the blood clots are extremely rare but that it is reviewing the cases. (wypr.org)
Who is being affected by these blood clots? (wypr.org)
What kind of blood clots are we talking about? (wypr.org)
The FDA says the clots are a rare and severe type that happens in the blood supply that drains the brain. (wypr.org)
Dr. Peter Marks, the director of the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research at the FDA, adds, "It would be more important if someone reported to an emergency room with a very severe headache or blood clots. (wypr.org)

IMSEAR at SEARO: Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Blood Conservation Strategies amongst Physicians' in Tertiary Hospitals. (who.int)

Blood glucose monitoring is considered the gold standard for diabetes diagnostics and self-monitoring. (mdpi.com)
They also may help with blood sugar control in people with diabetes. (medlineplus.gov)
In 2012, the American Heart Association and the American Diabetes Association published a report that concluded that sensible use of sugar substitutes could help lower caloric and carbohydrate intake. (medlineplus.gov)

At 3 mo, the salt substitute intervention significantly decreased the average SBP by 4.6 mmHg (95% CI 3.0, 6.2, P (bvsalud.org)

Blood donations are important throughout the year, but are especially needed now as the Red Cross faces a critical summer blood shortage," said Joe Zydlo, external communications manager of the American Red Cross Missouri-Illinois Blood Services Region. (redcrossblood.org)

New research is providing further evidence in support of large-scale use of salt substitutes in public health efforts to mitigate the impact of cardiovascular disease on a societal level. (consultantlive.com)
This study, " Effects of salt substitutes on clinical outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis ," was published in Heart . (consultantlive.com)
Deb Marcello of Happier at Home joined Good Day Rochester to discuss the benefits of salt substitutes for the elderly. (foxrochester.com)
The primary outcome was the change in systolic BP (SBP) from baseline to 3 mo comparing the salt substitute and regular salt groups. (bvsalud.org)

60% of tentially exposed to infectious agents (e.g. residents and students had sustained contact volunteer, dietary, housekeeping, mainte- with blood, mucous membranes and broken nance and clerical personnel) [ 3 ]. (who.int)

It happens when your blood attacks the transfused blood. (alberta.ca)

Therefore, they allow minimal to non-invasive glucose monitoring, making them attractive alternatives to blood measurements. (mdpi.com)

Tissues should be sent properly prepared using 10% buffered formalin for histopathology testing and freezer packs to keep fresh tissues and serum and whole blood chilled. (cornell.edu)
Substances that can function like HEMOGLOBINS in the capacity to carry oxygen to and carbon dioxide away from the tissues when introduced into the blood stream. (bvsalud.org)

However, because rubella infection is usually mild, physicians are reluctant to obtain blood samples for serum confirmation, especially from young children. (cdc.gov)

The pharmaceutical gelatin sponge absorbs blood and expands to stop bleeding. (otto-max.com)

Regular aerobic exercise is key for strengthening your heart so it doesn't have to work as hard to pump blood throughout your body. (livestrong.com)
Red blood cells carry oxygen from your lungs to all parts of your body. (alberta.ca)
Medicines like erythropoietin (EPO, Eprex) and iron can help your body make more red blood cells. (alberta.ca)
Gelatin blood plasma substitutes are more compatible with the body than polysaccharide blood plasma substitutes. (otto-max.com)
Data from EPINet revealed that 68.5% settings and who has the potential for expo- of injuries were linked to hollow-bore sure to infectious materials including body needles (syringes, butterfly needles, phle- substances, contaminated medical supplies botomy needles, needles on IV lines and and equipment, contaminated environmen- blood gas syringes) [ 1 ]. (who.int)

In this guide to alternative sweeteners and sugar , I examine the available science on the pros and cons of sugar substitutes, and how they stack up to the real thing. (cnet.com)
Will the Next Apple Watch Monitor Your Blood Sugar? (asweetlife.org)
Sugar substitutes are substances that are used in place of sweeteners with sugar (sucrose) or sugar alcohols . (medlineplus.gov)
Sugar substitutes may be helpful for people trying to lose weight. (medlineplus.gov)
Using sugar substitutes in place of sugar can help prevent dental decay. (medlineplus.gov)
Sugar substitutes can be added to food when you eat. (medlineplus.gov)
Most "sugar-free" or low-calorie food products you buy at the store are made using sugar substitutes. (medlineplus.gov)
People often have questions about the safety and health effects of sugar substitutes. (medlineplus.gov)
Many studies have been done on FDA-approved sugar substitutes, and they have been shown to be safe. (medlineplus.gov)
There is little evidence to support the use of or avoidance of sugar substitutes during pregnancy. (medlineplus.gov)
The FDA regulates all sugar substitutes that are sold or used in prepared foods in the United States. (medlineplus.gov)
There is also not enough evidence at this time to determine if sugar substitute use leads to weight loss or lower heart disease risk. (medlineplus.gov)

Plasma is the clear, liquid part of blood that has proteins in it. (alberta.ca)
Plasma can be used to make other blood products. (alberta.ca)
These may be used instead of plasma or blood products. (alberta.ca)

Individuals who are 17 years of age (16 with parental consent in some states), weigh at least 110 pounds and are in generally good health may be eligible to donate blood. (fresenius-kabi.com)
The Ford Motor Company can substitute its stock for as much as half of its payments into a retiree health care trust under a deal announced Monday by the automaker and the United Automobile Workers union. (blogspot.com)
occupational sharps injuries include recap- ping needles, disassembling equipment, The transmission of blood-borne pathogens accessing intravenous (IV) tubing devices, from patients to health care workers via oc- disposing of contaminated sharps, disen- cupational exposure has been well known for gaging pre-filled cartridge and needle units many years [ 1 ]. (who.int)
In addition, health care workers in indirectly, to blood-borne pathogens. (who.int)

Hence, the rise in the prevalence of chronic diseases, coupled with the demand for early diagnosis through blood grouping, has significantly led to the growth of the market. (technavio.com)

Two types of immunological methods are used for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: tuberculin skin tests (TSTs) and interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) blood tests. (cdc.gov)

While overall test concordance is high, switching between PPD skin test products or between TSTs and blood tests in serial testing may cause apparent conversions of results from negative to positive or reversions from positive to negative. (cdc.gov)
Blood collected on Jan. 20 will help ensure cancer patients, trauma victims, surgery patients and others have the blood products they need. (fresenius-kabi.com)
What blood products can be transfused? (alberta.ca)
Where do blood products come from? (alberta.ca)
The center helps ensure that patients always have access to blood products, which are frequently in short supply. (stjude.org)
Blood products are being distributed to hospitals faster than donations are coming in, and more donations are needed now to replenish the blood supply. (redcrossblood.org)

ABSTRACT To evaluate the present situation and plan future directions with regard to implementation of universal precautions in laboratories testing blood samples, we carried out a national cross sectional study in 2003 on a representative sample of laboratories in Lebanon. (who.int)

A blood product is usually given through an intravenous (IV). (alberta.ca)

This increases both the amount of fluid surrounding cells and the volume of blood in the bloodstream. (harvard.edu)

To help save lives through blood donation, the Red Cross and ABC 7 are partnering with Amtrak, Blue Cross Blue Shield, Fresenius Kabi, iHeartMedia Chicago, Clear Channel Outdoor, Univision and Potbelly Sandwiches. (fresenius-kabi.com)

This special event blood drive comes at a crucial time of year for hospital patients in need. (fresenius-kabi.com)
All blood types are needed to ensure a reliable supply for patients. (fresenius-kabi.com)
I feel like if you can give blood that you should find the time because it benefits our patients," Kornegay said. (stjude.org)
Giving blood is a simple way to help overcome the blood emergency and ensure patients continue receive lifesaving care throughout the summer. (redcrossblood.org)
Every two seconds, someone in the U.S. needs blood, including trauma patients, heart surgery and organ transplant patients, and those receiving treatment for leukemia, cancer or sickle cell disease. (redcrossblood.org)

If you live in the Memphis area, or know you will be visiting St. Jude, you can schedule an appointment to donate blood," Foster said. (stjude.org)
If you live outside the Memphis area, you are encouraged to donate blood at your local center for your immediate community. (stjude.org)

It is also imperative for doctors and surgeons to identify the biochemical composition of blood group antigens of the patient to establish a relationship between the blood type biochemistry and the risk of disease to identify druggable targets. (technavio.com)
As an experiment, the doctors substituted a saline solution for a drop of blood normally used on one of the 15-minute rapid tests. (consumerworld.org)

There is no substitute for human blood. (noozhawk.com)

When findings, such as chest radiography and mycobacterial cultures, are sufficient for confirming or excluding the TB diagnosis, the results from a TST or an IGRA blood test might not be needed (1). (cdc.gov)

It is used to expand blood volume. (otto-max.com)

There's no better way to celebrate Chicago and the giving nature of the community than by helping the Red Cross maintain a sufficient blood supply during the challenging winter months. (fresenius-kabi.com)
The blood supply in Canada is one of the safest in the world. (alberta.ca)

Organisms1

Chemicals and Drugs12

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture4

Controlled safety study of a hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier, DCLHb, in acute ischemic stroke. (1/255)

Effects of a perfluorochemical emulsion on the fate of circulating Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (2/255)

Perflubron emulsion delays blood transfusions in orthopedic surgery. European Perflubron Emulsion Study Group. (3/255)

Diaspirin cross-linked hemoglobin effectively restores pancreatic microcirculatory failure in hemorrhagic shock. (4/255)

Influence of hemodilution on the renal blood flow autoregulation during acute expansion in rats. (5/255)

Chemical characterization of pyridoxalated hemoglobin polyoxyethylene conjugate. (6/255)

The reduction of the allogenic transfusion requirement in aortic surgery with a hemoglobin-based solution. (7/255)

Haemodynamic effects of diaspirin crosslinked haemoglobin (DCLHb) given before abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery. (8/255)

Blood Substitutes

Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives

Fluorocarbons

Hemoglobins

Poloxalene

Plasma Substitutes

Methemoglobin

Oxygen

Oxyhemoglobins

Hemodilution

Polyethylene Glycols

Drug Combinations

Bone Substitutes

Cattle

Controlled safety study of a hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier, DCLHb, in acute ischemic stroke. (1/255)

Effects of a perfluorochemical emulsion on the fate of circulating Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (2/255)

Perflubron emulsion delays blood transfusions in orthopedic surgery. European Perflubron Emulsion Study Group. (3/255)

Diaspirin cross-linked hemoglobin effectively restores pancreatic microcirculatory failure in hemorrhagic shock. (4/255)

Influence of hemodilution on the renal blood flow autoregulation during acute expansion in rats. (5/255)

Chemical characterization of pyridoxalated hemoglobin polyoxyethylene conjugate. (6/255)

The reduction of the allogenic transfusion requirement in aortic surgery with a hemoglobin-based solution. (7/255)

Haemodynamic effects of diaspirin crosslinked haemoglobin (DCLHb) given before abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery. (8/255)

Blood substitute

Blood plasma substitute

Perfluorocarbon emulsions

Perfluoro tert-butylcyclohexane

Artificial cell

Stuart Mudd

Respirocyte

Perfluorodecalin

Liposome

Unethical human experimentation in the United States

Erythromer

Organofluorine chemistry

Artificial organ

Fluorine

Dendrimer

2012 Speedway Grand Prix of Nordic

Major trauma

Regeneration (biology)

Theatrical blood

Biological aspects of fluorine

Arnault Tzanck

Efaproxiral

Split (TV series)

Protocell

Daybreakers

Jehovah's Witnesses and blood transfusions

3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine

Fluid replacement

Abiogenesis

Disuccinimidyl suberate

Lift Every Voice and Sing

Benjamin Franklin

Jay Bennett

Wesleyan theology

Butch Reynolds

Darkzone

Glossary of Christianity

Alois Hudal

SS220

Tick infestation

Enosi Pontion Pierias

Peter Barnes (footballer)

Health policy in Bangladesh

Fergal Lynch

Medieval cuisine

Marine mammal

Oneida Institute

Children of Men

Hairspray (2007 film)

Rowan

St Mary's Church, Clophill

List of Metal Gear characters

Etrigan the Demon

Fairy

Human sacrifice

Passover

Jesus' interactions with women

Human milk bank