Blood Stains
Screening of folate status with use of dried blood spots on filter paper. (1/32)
BACKGROUND: Dried blood spots (DBS) on filter paper have been a successful and economical matrix for neonatal screening. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to develop and evaluate an optimized method for DBS folate analysis and to assess DBS folate stability. DESIGN: DBS were eluted from paper by sonication in 5 g ascorbic acid/L containing 0.1% (by vol) Triton X-100 and hemoglobin folate values (HF; as pmol/g) were calculated from DBS eluate folate and hemoglobin concentrations. RESULTS: Over 95% of DBS folate was eluted during a standardized sonication cycle and DBS folate assay reproducibility was acceptable both within (CV: <8%) and between (CV: <9%) runs. HF means (+/-1 SD) from finger-stick DBS and conventional venous methods were 2513 +/- 1144 and 2607 +/- 1195 pmol/g, respectively, in blood samples taken concurrently from 80 donors, and they correlated well (r = 0.97, P < 0.001). HF values and erythrocyte folate measures may be interconverted by using the mean cell hemoglobin concentration. CONCLUSION: The DBS matrix has potential as an inexpensive and practical option for folate screening studies. (+info)Streptokinase versus alteplase and other treatments for acute and delayed thrombolysis of blood stains in clothing. (2/32)
OBJECTIVE: To assess the usefulness of heparin, alteplase, and streptokinase in removing blood stains. DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial. SETTING: Hospital laundry. INTERVENTIONS: Blood stains were allocated to treatment with alteplase, streptokinase, heparin, a commercial enzymatic stain remover, or no treatment at all after three or seven hours and then washed in hot or cold water two hours later. RESULTS: Both hot water and early treatment were strongly associated with improved stain removal. All four treatments were associated with a worse outcome than no treatment at all, although for streptokinase this trend did not reach significance. The commercial stain remover gave the worst results of all treatments tested. CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to popular wisdom, hot water is much more effective than cold in removing blood stains. Methodologically rigorous research and evidence based principles are needed within the laundry industry, and the role of thrombolytic drugs should be assessed further. (+info)Forensic utility of mitochondrial DNA analysis based on denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography. (3/32)
AIM: To determine the forensic utility for pairwise DNA comparisons and DNA mixture resolution with denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). METHODS: MtDNA hypervariable regions (HV) 1 and 2 from the mtDNA D-loop were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and mixed between known and unknown sample sources. The DNA mixtures were denatured and reannealed, and the resultant homo- and heteroduplices were evaluated by temperature-modulated heteroduplex analysis by the DHPLC method. RESULTS: All 144 pairwise comparisons of HV1 and HV2 mtDNA fragments were successfully resolved by the DHPLC method. Forensic proficiency test standards were successfully resolved and DHPLC match/non-match results agreed with sequencing results provided by the test providers. The DHPLC method successfully identified one questioned sample that was prepared by the test provider as a body fluid mixture. MtDNA amplicon mixtures could be separated into their constitutive components by DHPLC and fraction collection approaches. CONCLUSIONS: DHPLC methods provide the forensic scientist with a powerful tool to rapidly screen mtDNA and may result in standardized methods to resolve mtDNA mixtures. These advances will allow mtDNA analysis in cases not previously examined by current sequencing-based approaches and could allow more forensic case samples to be entered into the proposed mtDNA Combined DNA Index System (CODIS trade mark ) databank as a result of mtDNA mixture resolution. (+info)Identification of human remains by immobilized sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe analysis of mtDNA hypervariable regions I and II. (4/32)
AIM: A rapid analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences with an array of immobilized sequence-specific oligonucleotide (SSO) probes was tested on 18 skeletal elements recovered from mass graves in Croatia, which could not be genotyped with common forensic nuclear DNA systems (PM+DQA1 and short tandem repeat analysis). METHODS: We used duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the mtDNA hypervariable regions I and II (HVI and HVII) (444 bp and 415 bp amplicons, respectively) and subsequent linear array typing, which targets six polymorphic regions and two additional sites within the human mtDNA HVI and HVII. The remaining amplified products were subjected to direct sequence analysis to obtain complete sequence information for the targeted HV regions. RESULT: Duplex PCR amplification of the mtDNA HVI and HVII was successful in providing sufficient product for typing with the array of SSO probes in 14 out of the 18 sample extracts. We report here the sequence match of one set of remains with a panel of immobilized SSO probes, followed by direct sequence analysis. The corresponding mtDNA haplotype obtained for the bone sample and the putative maternal reference was unique in a database of 105 randomly selected Croatian individuals. CONCLUSION: Mitochondrial DNA typing with an array of immobilized SSO probes can be a benefit to forensic DNA analysis of mass disaster remains and identity testing of single and mass graves. (+info)A rapid chemiluminescent method for quantitation of human DNA. (5/32)
A sensitive and simple method for the quantitation of human DNA is described. This method is based on probe hybridization to a human alpha satellite locus, D17Z1. The biotinylated probe is hybridized to sample DNA immobilized on nylon membrane. The subsequent binding of streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase to the bound probe allows for chemiluminescent detection using a luminol-based reagent and X-ray film. Less than 150 pg of human DNA can easily be detected with a 15 minute exposure. The entire procedure can be performed in 1.5 hours. Microgram quantities of nonhuman DNA have been tested and the results indicate very high specificity for human DNA. The data on film can be scanned into a computer and a commercially available program can be used to create a standard curve where DNA quantity is plotted against the mean density of each slot blot signal. The methods described can also be applied to the very sensitive determination of quantity and quality (size) of DNA on Southern blots. The high sensitivity of this quantitation method requires the consumption of only a fraction of sample for analysis. Determination of DNA quantity is necessary for RFLP and many PCR-based tests where optimal results are obtained only with a relatively narrow range of DNA quantities. The specificity of this quantitation method for human DNA will be useful for the analysis of samples that may also contain bacterial or other non-human DNA, for example forensic evidence samples, ancient DNA samples, or clinical samples. (+info)Influence of template DNA degradation on the genotyping of SNPs and STR polymorphisms from forensic materials by PCR. (6/32)
Detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and short tandem repeat (STR) polymorphisms by PCR is widely used to analyze degraded DNAs in forensic science. The success of DNA analysis from human remains largely depends on the quality of the template DNA. We examined two SNPs (HLA-DQA1 and ABO) and two STR polymorphisms (VWA and CD4) by SSCP gel or denaturing gel electrophoresis, using two kinds of degraded DNA samples (165 teeth and blood stains contaminated with saliva) derived from the same person and investigated the influence of template DNA degradation on genotyping. As the degradation of DNA proceeds, unbalanced amplification of alleles occurred in the analysis of both SNPs and STRs, followed by allele drop, and further by loss of amplification. Non-target allelic products of STRs were amplified from highly degraded DNA samples; however, false allelic products of SNPs were not amplified from them. Amplification efficiency increased in proportion to the decrease of PCR target size, but reduction of the PCR target sizes also increased the chances of amplifying contaminating DNA, especially in highly degraded DNA specimens. The present results will help investigators to evaluate the genotyping of highly degraded DNA samples in forensic casework. (+info)A new HLA-DRB1 genotyping method using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis with multiplex primer extension reactions and its application to mixed samples. (7/32)
We have improved on conventional methods for HLA-DRB1 genotyping and devised a new method that is simple, cost-effective, and adequately applicable to routine forensic practice. This method consists of group-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the exon 2 region of the HLA-DRB1 gene and simultaneous detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at multiple sites using multiplex primer extension reactions. With this method, we successfully detected HLA-DRB1 genotypes from the following materials: the peripheral blood of 142 donors, 6 aged saliva stains of known DRB1 genotype stored for 5-10 years at room temperature, 10 aged bloodstains of unknown DRB1 genotype stored for 29 years at room temperature, and minimal bloodstains and saliva stains from 3 donors of known DRB1 genotypes. Furthermore, we were able to type DRB1 alleles of the minor component in mixed samples at a proportion of 1/1,000 or 1/10,000. In a criminal case, DRB1 alleles detected from mixed bloodstains on a sword found at the scene enabled us to explain the case. This method is expected to be useful for forensic medicine. (+info)Polymorphism of LPL Locus in Japanese and comparison of PCR amplification efficiency from degraded DNA between LPL locus and the D21S11. (8/32)
The short tandem repeat (STR) polymorphism of the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) locus was amplified by PCR and analyzed using denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by silver staining. Among 158 DNA samples from the Japanese population, six alleles were observed. When the sequences of the allelic products were compared, each allelic segment contained 7 and 9-13 TTTA tetranucleotide repeat motifs. Genotypic distribution met Hardy-Weinberg expectations, and included heterozygosity was 48.8%. Most of the Japanese genotypes allele 10. When PCR amplification efficiency for the LPL locus from degraded DNA was compared with that for the D21S11 locus in terms of amplification size, increase in amplification size showed a considerable influence on amplification efficiency, producing inaccurate amplification, such as unbalanced amplification, or amplification of non-target PCR products. These results suggest that reduction in amplification size increases the accuracy and efficiency of PCR amplification from highly degraded DNA. (+info)Blood stains are a common occurrence in the medical field, particularly in emergency situations where trauma or injury has occurred. Blood stains can be defined as the residue or remnants of blood that remain on a surface or object after a bleeding episode. In the medical field, blood stains can be used to gather important information about a patient's health and the nature of their injury. For example, the color, consistency, and location of blood stains can provide clues about the severity of the injury and the type of bleeding that occurred. Blood stains can also be used in forensic investigations to help identify the cause of death or to determine the sequence of events leading up to an injury or accident. In these cases, blood stains may be analyzed for DNA evidence or other forensic markers that can help identify the source of the blood or the individuals involved. Overall, blood stains are an important tool in the medical field, providing valuable information about a patient's health and helping to guide treatment decisions.
Bloodstain
Blood Stain Child
Blood Stained Shoes
Bloodstain pattern analysis
The Blood Stain
Blood Stained Tradewinds
The Blood-Stained God
Blood Stained Love Story
Pages Stained with Blood
Seven Blood-Stained Orchids
Epsilon (Blood Stain Child album)
The Blood Stained Route Map
Sword Stained with Royal Blood
Scientific Working Group - Bloodstain Pattern Analysis
Sword Stained with Royal Blood (disambiguation)
Sword Stained with Royal Blood (1981 film)
The Sword Stained with Royal Blood (film)
Sword Stained with Royal Blood (1977 TV series)
Sword Stained with Royal Blood (2007 TV series)
List of Sword Stained with Royal Blood characters
Sword Stained with Royal Blood (1985 TV series)
Vital stain
H&E stain
Staining
Periodic acid-Schiff stain
Jaswant Singh-Bhattacharji stain
The Human Stain
Masson's trichrome stain
Field stain
Stained Glass (TV series)
Bloodstain - Wikipedia
USPS apologizes for leaving blood-stained mail
Queen of Clean: How to remove blood stains
Colombia's leaders want to stain the country with blood | Green Left
How to Remove Blood Stains â€" How to Get Blood Stains Out of Fabric | Since 1922
Blood Stained Dusk
Protocol - Intracellular Staining With True-Phos Perm Buffer in Whole Blood
All hands stained with blood
Film: The Sword Stained with Royal Blood (1993) | Chinese Movie Database
Bloodstain Pattern Analysis Terminology (SWGSTAIN) - HemoSpat
Remove stains from carpet, blood, oil, vomit, ink, dye from carpet.
Gram Stain: MedlinePlus Medical Test
OxiClean™ Versatile Stain Remover Powder | OxiClean™
Easy Stain Removal Hacks for Clothing that Actually Work
5 Most Common Carpet Stains and How To Remove Them
Irish Rebels Blood Stained Bandage | caucus99percent
How to Remove Dried Blood Stains From Fabric | Aftermath Services
Blood Stain Child | 2019 Amateras T-Shirt Women
Blood of Assassins Archives - Thoughts Stained With Ink
How to Effortlessly Remove Blood Stains from Hardwood Floors - Cleaning Tools Pro
Bl.ood st.ained Singapore - Page 14 • Singapore Expats Forum
Bloody Hammer Earrings - Handpainted Blood Stained Murder Weapon - Sta - FantasiaTrinkets
How To Remove Blood Stain From Bedsheet - Customized Photo Bedsheet
Experiment 6C | Lab06 | Virtual Edge | Molb 2021 | College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences
Stain Removal
Can Baking Soda Remove Dried Blood Stains From The Upholstery? - Arevalo Bros Chem-Dry
Blood Stains Are Red Uv Lights Are Blue, Personalized Glass Egg Cup, G - GoDuckee
How To Get Blood Stains Out Of Your Shirt From a Bloody Nose
- Nampons
Giemsa12
- Giemsa stain - Recommended for detection and identification of blood parasites. (cdc.gov)
- 4. Stock Giemsa stain (Giemsa stain is available commercially, but the following formulation gives more constant results and does not expire. (cdc.gov)
- Kept tightly stoppered and free of moisture, stock Giemsa stain is stable at room temperature indefinitely (stock stain improves with age). (cdc.gov)
- Filter a small amount of this stock stain through Whatman #1 filter pa- per for use as the working Giemsa stain. (cdc.gov)
- It can be used if rapid results are needed, but should be followed up when possible with a confirmatory Giemsa stain, so that Schüffner's dots can be demonstrated. (cdc.gov)
- 1. Prepare fresh working Giemsa stain in a staining jar, according to the previous page. (cdc.gov)
- 2. Pour 40 ml of working Giemsa buffer into a second staining jar. (cdc.gov)
- 3. Place slides into the working Giemsa stain (2.5%) for 45-60 minutes. (cdc.gov)
- As alternates to this 45-60 minutes in 2.5% Giemsa stain, the smears could be stained for shorter times in more concentrated stains. (cdc.gov)
- To ensure that proper staining results have been achieved, if a positive smear (malaria) is available it may be included with each new batch of working Giemsa stain. (cdc.gov)
- The different types of WBC and their percentages can be determined by doing a differential count on a blood smear, which has been stained with Wright's or Giemsa stain. (uwyo.edu)
- The preferred diagnostic procedure for cutaneous anthrax is staining the ulcer exudate with methylene blue or Giemsa stain (see the image below). (medscape.com)
Stubborn4
- While each item will require slightly different techniques, you can use common household products on all of them to combat even the most stubborn blood stains. (rd.com)
- Detergents and stain removers - Most products contain enzymes that help break down and release stubborn stains, especially organic substances. (rushordertees.com)
- It's difficult for enzyme cleaner or cold water to get rid of stubborn stains. (customizedbedsheet.com)
- For stubborn stains on the carpet, use 3% hydrogen peroxide. (targetwoman.com)
Soak6
- 3. When the stain is new, soak it in about a gallon of cold water with two teaspoons of salt. (ky3.com)
- Depending on severity of stain, some stains may require more time to soak. (oxiclean.com)
- Usually, a quick rinse or soak with cold water will do the trick before the stain sets in. (aftermath.com)
- You can soak the stained sheet in cold water and an enzyme cleaner can lighten the stain. (customizedbedsheet.com)
- Soak the stained sheet for 3 hours in the water. (customizedbedsheet.com)
- Do not soak the carpet with stain removal agents. (targetwoman.com)
Tough stains7
- This stain remover powder works wonders on tough stains almost everywhere. (oxiclean.com)
- This product got rid of tough stains without having the pretreat the stain. (oxiclean.com)
- Uses the power of oxygen to get tough stains out and rinse them away. (oxiclean.com)
- Oxygen is released and targets the stains, rather than the fabric, removing many tough stains on water-washable clothing, carpet, upholstery, and hard surfaces both inside and outside the home. (oxiclean.com)
- Bleach - Chlorine bleach is harsh and dangerous but can be extremely effective for removing tough stains. (rushordertees.com)
- As much as we love our pets, they can also leave some tough stains to deal. (servicemasterclean.com)
- So whether you are dealing with tough stains or just in need of a regular cleaning service, contact us today for a consultation. (servicemasterclean.com)
Removers2
- Don't worry, you can repeat the process by using one of the stain removers mentioned below. (customizedbedsheet.com)
- You can rid your fabrics of deodorants and antiperspirant stains by blotting them with spot stain removers and warm water. (targetwoman.com)
Blot the stain3
- Always blot the stain first rather than scrubbing , which can push the substance deeper into the fabric. (rushordertees.com)
- To remove beer stains, mix a teaspoon of mild detergent with a cup of lukewarm water and blot the stain. (targetwoman.com)
- Apply water to the ink stain and use another clean white cloth to blot the stain. (targetwoman.com)
Unsightly2
- First, you have to deal with the bloody nose, skinned knee, or whatever else caused the problem, and when you finish, your reward is an unsightly stain. (rd.com)
- However, coffee can also leave some unsightly brown stains on the carpet. (servicemasterclean.com)
Inconspicuous area4
- If spilled, blot only with a dry towel, making sure to not rub.clean using a commercial cleaner but make sure to test it in an inconspicuous area first to ensure that the commercial cleaner doesn't leave a stain. (servicemasterclean.com)
- These stain-removing agents can be used for tougher or older blood stains, but always test them on an inconspicuous area first. (cleaningtoolspro.com)
- Before applying any cleaning solution to the stained area, it is crucial to test it on a small and inconspicuous area of the hardwood floor. (cleaningtoolspro.com)
- Check out stain removal products on an inconspicuous area with patterned carpets. (targetwoman.com)
Smears4
- Stain only one set of smears, and leave the duplicates unstained. (cdc.gov)
- The latter will prove useful if a problem oc- curs during the staining process and/or if you wish later to send the smears to a reference laboratory. (cdc.gov)
- If a large number of smears are made, stain may need to be changed throughout the day. (cdc.gov)
- 2. Make as many thin smears as possible, preferably within one hour after the blood was drawn from the patient. (cdc.gov)
Different types of stains2
- The important thing to know is that different types of stains require different treatments. (rushordertees.com)
- Upholstered sofas or couches are easily affected by different types of stains. (arevalobroscarpetcleaning.com)
Vinegar5
- That's right-pantry items like vinegar, cornstarch, and salt are just a few of the things you already have in your home that have secret stain-removing superpowers. (rd.com)
- Vinegar has surprising household uses you never knew about, including removing blood stains from shirts, jeans, sheets, and mattresses. (rd.com)
- Vinegar - Probably the most effective natural stain remover, vinegar has been used for centuries and has many uses. (rushordertees.com)
- Various common cleaning products such as vinegar and detergent can help clean out the stain. (servicemasterclean.com)
- Can vinegar remove blood stains? (arevalobroscarpetcleaning.com)
Cloth10
- 2. Then apply clean white terry-cloth towel to stain. (drycarpet.com)
- 4. Transfer stain onto clean white terry-cloth towel by standing on towel 2 to 3 minutes. (drycarpet.com)
- When dealing with ink stains wet a cloth with rubbing alcohol and dab it gently on the ink. (servicemasterclean.com)
- To clean blood off hardwood floors, mix a solution of warm water and mild dish soap, dampen a cloth, and gently scrub the affected area until the blood is removed. (cleaningtoolspro.com)
- Dab the stained area with a wet cloth. (customizedbedsheet.com)
- Dab the stain with a cloth after 10 minutes. (customizedbedsheet.com)
- You can use the damp cloth to rub the stain from the wrong side. (targetwoman.com)
- Dab on the stain with this damp cloth to remove the leftover blood stain off the upholstery. (arevalobroscarpetcleaning.com)
- also, six other stains were created with varying angle (45° and 90°) on three different surfaces (jeans, cloth, and paper). (bvsalud.org)
- She returned with a blood-stained cloth and a broken heart. (who.int)
Scrub1
- Do not scrub at stains as it can damage the fibers and set the stain into the carpet. (targetwoman.com)
Fabric17
- Read on to find out how to remove blood stains from any fabric with them quickly and easily. (rd.com)
- But you'll want to keep a few things in mind so you have the best chances of actually getting that stain out of whatever fabric it's soaked into. (rd.com)
- Once you've determined hydrogen peroxide can be used without ruining your fabric, apply it directly onto the stain, using just enough to cover it. (rd.com)
- If you use the wrong solution, you could actually set in the stain, make it look worse, or damage the fabric. (rushordertees.com)
- Apply stain removal products to the back of the fabric so it pushes the substance out the stained side. (rushordertees.com)
- Trying to remove dried blood stains from fabric can feel like an impossible task. (aftermath.com)
- You may be able to handle the safe cleaning of very small dots of blood, but larger amounts of blood may require the fabric to be thrown away. (aftermath.com)
- Soaking blood stained fabric in cool water can help break up the stain and make it easier to remove. (aftermath.com)
- Sometimes, soaking blood stained fabric and then washing it in the washing machine is enough to remove a dried blood stain. (aftermath.com)
- By turning the blood stain face-down, the water and cleaning solution can attack the stain from the back, loosening the blood and pushing it off the fabric. (aftermath.com)
- Why are Blood stains So Difficult to Remove from fabric? (aftermath.com)
- These 6 tips can help remove dried blood from fabric. (aftermath.com)
- Coldwater can be more effective than hot water, as it stops blood from settling on the fabric. (customizedbedsheet.com)
- You can remove fresh stains of coffee and tea by rinsing the fabric in warm water. (targetwoman.com)
- Carefully blot or scrape excess stains from the fabric surface. (targetwoman.com)
- Do not press a stained fabric or dry it in the dryer. (targetwoman.com)
- This test method was modeled after a procedure commonly known as the Elbow Lean Test.8 The Elbow Lean Test involves the application of synthetic blood to an ink pad, placement of sample fabric over the blood soaked pad, placement of a blotter over the sample fabric, and applying elbow or fingertip pressure on top of the blotter. (cdc.gov)
Wash3
- Add sufficient Cell Staining Buffer to wash the cells (approximately 2ml for each 1 x 10 6 cells, BioLegend Cell Staining Buffer recommended, Cat 420201 ), centrifuge at 350xg at room temperature for 5 minutes and decant supernatant. (biolegend.com)
- Add sufficient Cell Staining Buffer to wash the cells, centrifuge cells at 1000xg at room temperature for 5 minutes, decant supernatant. (biolegend.com)
- Apply laundry detergent on the ink stain and wash in warm water after about 5 minutes. (targetwoman.com)
Bleach2
- Hydrogen peroxide is actually a mild bleach, which is why it comes in handy when you need to remove a blood stain (or when you need to remove a sweat stain ). (rd.com)
- Chlorine bleach can help in stain removal on white clothes. (targetwoman.com)
Smear2
- The smear is now ready for staining since it was previously fixed. (cdc.gov)
- Regarding the classification of stains, the "smear" type achieved a score of 82.3% (n=51) of right answers. (bvsalud.org)
Kind of stain2
- We researched the tools and techniques you need to remove almost every kind of stain there is from your favorite T-shirts, hats , and other clothing all with everyday items. (rushordertees.com)
- The type of fibers determines the kind of stain removal treatment that must be used. (targetwoman.com)
Bacteria10
- A Gram stain is a test that checks for bacteria at the site of a suspected infection such as the throat, lungs, genitals, or in skin wounds. (medlineplus.gov)
- Gram stains may also be used to check for bacteria in certain body fluids, such as blood or urine. (medlineplus.gov)
- The categories are diagnosed based on the how the bacteria reacts to the Gram stain. (medlineplus.gov)
- When the stain combines with bacteria in a sample, the bacteria will either stay purple or turn pink or red. (medlineplus.gov)
- Blood can carry bacteria or other pathogens, so it is essential to protect your hands. (cleaningtoolspro.com)
- No bacteria were observed in the Gram staining of these samples and Erhlich Ziehl Neelsen (EZN) staining was performed because the structures considered as dye residues were noted as a result of the examination. (bvsalud.org)
- Acid -fast bacteria were observed in the EZN-stained slide examination, and a panic report was given to the clinician. (bvsalud.org)
- Growing bacteria were detected as positive by EZN staining and identified as M.abscessus with 99.9% confidence by MALDI -TOF MS. After the bacterium was named as M.abscessus, the isolates were sent to the tuberculosis central laboratory of Süreyyapasa Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Hospital for molecular typing . (bvsalud.org)
- On the other hand , it should be considered that non- tuberculosis bacteria may be the causative agent, with gram-positive bacilli appearing as stain residues or pale staining in Gram stains made from samples of such patients . (bvsalud.org)
- Gram staining technique is used for staining bacteria, yeasts and aerobic actinomycetes. (who.int)
Detergents2
- Does OxiClean™ Versatile Stain Remover contain any detergents? (oxiclean.com)
- Most liquid detergents can also be used as a pre-treatment on the stain before regular laundering. (rushordertees.com)
Carpet9
- Not sure how to remove blood stains from clothes , sheets , mattresses , carpet , and more? (rd.com)
- In our line of work, we've seen a number of spill and stains and the following are the 5 most common carpet stains. (servicemasterclean.com)
- Be careful with these products since they too can stain a carpet. (servicemasterclean.com)
- Stain removal from carpets needs careful handling lest you damage the carpet. (targetwoman.com)
- The first tip in carpet stain removal is to follow the care instructions issued by the manufacturer. (targetwoman.com)
- Act quickly with stains on the carpet. (targetwoman.com)
- It could make the difference between a ruined carpet and one sans stains. (targetwoman.com)
- Never rub a stain on a carpet as it will distort the pile and spread to a larger area. (targetwoman.com)
- Let it stand for an hour and blot till the carpet is stain free. (targetwoman.com)
Saturate2
- 4. For old stains or tougher stains, saturate with 3% Hydrogen Peroxide. (ky3.com)
- Apply only enough solution to saturate stain. (oxiclean.com)
Hydrogen3
- Hydrogen peroxide works quickly, bubbling and sizzling slightly over the blood, so the stain should start to dissipate immediately. (rd.com)
- Hydrogen peroxide - Another effective natural stain remover, especially on blood and rust. (rushordertees.com)
- The next step is to pour hydrogen peroxide into the bloodstain. (customizedbedsheet.com)
Fibers4
- Fabrics containing different fibers require different stain removal techniques . (aftermath.com)
- Removing stains from delicate fabrics such as wool and silk requires deft handling lest you ruin the fibers. (targetwoman.com)
- Never rub stains on fabrics since it breaks down the fibers and weakens the material. (targetwoman.com)
- Dab the stained area to separate the stain from the sofa fibers. (arevalobroscarpetcleaning.com)
Laboratory2
- The majority of the images were created in a laboratory setting with fresh human blood. (hemospat.com)
- In addition to other tests, on the fifth day of antibiotic treatment , two consecutive sets of blood cultures were taken and sent to the microbiology laboratory . (bvsalud.org)
Rinse3
- Let sit for 30 minutes, rinse in cold water, and if the stain is gone, launder as usual. (ky3.com)
- Make sure to rinse the blood with cold water as soon as you see it. (customizedbedsheet.com)
- Make sure you rinse the stained area completely free of the rubbing alcohol. (targetwoman.com)
Excess2
- Remove excess stains before treating. (oxiclean.com)
- Dabbing removes the excess blood. (customizedbedsheet.com)
Laundry detergent3
- Is OxiClean™ Versatile Stain Remover a laundry detergent? (oxiclean.com)
- While OxiClean™ Versatile Stain Remover is not a laundry detergent, you can use it WITH detergent to boost your detergent's cleaning power. (oxiclean.com)
- If you face unknown stains, you can work on them by first soaking them in cold water, after working a little laundry detergent or shampoo. (targetwoman.com)
Procedure1
- If still unacceptable, check the quality of the reagent, check if the staining procedure was followed correctly and check if the correct reference strains were used. (who.int)
Severity1
- The severity of the blood stain and the duration it has been present will affect the steps you need to take. (cleaningtoolspro.com)
Pathogens2
- Blood can contain harmful pathogens such as HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, MRSA, or C. Diff that can infect those who have direct contact with it. (aftermath.com)
- Aftermath approaches blood cleanup with a full scientific process to contain, decontaminate, and remediate all potential bloodborne pathogens and visible blood stains from homes and properties. (aftermath.com)
Room temperature2
- Add 2mL of Cell Staining Buffer, centrifuge cells at 1000xg at room temperature for 5 minutes, decant supernatant. (biolegend.com)
- Stains are stored at room temperature. (who.int)
Dryer3
- After laundering clothing, always check to make sure stains are gone before putting them in the dryer. (rushordertees.com)
- A dryer can make the stain worse. (customizedbedsheet.com)
- A vital tip in stain removal is to ensure that the stain is completely removed before using dryer, as it might set a stain. (targetwoman.com)
Rubbing3
- Rubbing can create a mess by spreading the stain. (customizedbedsheet.com)
- Try rubbing alcohol to remove ink stains. (targetwoman.com)
- Try rubbing baking soda mixed with water into the ink stain. (targetwoman.com)
Remove22
- Knowing how to remove stains like this is essential and can save you time, money, and headaches. (rd.com)
- It's easier to remove fresh blood stains than dried blood stains, so act as quickly as possible. (rd.com)
- The same is true when you need to remove a mustard stain and nearly every other type of stain. (rd.com)
- If this does not remove the stain then proceed to #5. (drycarpet.com)
- As stains dry, they get set in and difficult to remove. (rushordertees.com)
- Some stains remove best with cold water or even ice. (rushordertees.com)
- Mineral spirits or acetone - These are needed to remove paint, nail polish, and other serious stains. (rushordertees.com)
- You may not be able to remove a blood stain on the first try. (aftermath.com)
- If soap and water do not adequately remove the stain, move on to an enzymatic cleaner, which will biodegrade the stain. (aftermath.com)
- Hardwood floors add a touch of elegance and warmth to any home, but accidents can happen, and blood stains can be one of the most challenging to remove. (cleaningtoolspro.com)
- Fresh blood stains are easier to remove than dried ones, so addressing the issue promptly will improve your chances of success. (cleaningtoolspro.com)
- The longer you wait, the more time the stain has to penetrate the wood, making it harder to remove completely. (cleaningtoolspro.com)
- These will be used to blot and remove the blood stains. (cleaningtoolspro.com)
- The warm water will help in loosening the stain and making it easier to remove. (cleaningtoolspro.com)
- The longer you take, the more difficult it becomes to remove blood stain from bedsheet. (customizedbedsheet.com)
- The 3% solution that is sold in drugstores is great for helping to remove blood stains . (customizedbedsheet.com)
- But, how to remove blood stain from bedsheet if it has dried? (customizedbedsheet.com)
- Remove tea stains with a solution of borax and water. (targetwoman.com)
- Stains with permanent inks and markers are the most difficult to remove. (targetwoman.com)
- Can Baking Soda Remove Dried Blood Stains From The Upholstery? (arevalobroscarpetcleaning.com)
- Can baking soda remove dried blood stains from the upholstered sofa? (arevalobroscarpetcleaning.com)
- Just pick up your phone and dial in Arevalo Bros Chem-Dry to remove old blood stains from sheets using the best cleaning methods, practices, and eco-friendly cleaning products. (arevalobroscarpetcleaning.com)
Forensic2
- Objective: this study aimed to verify the level of knowledge of dental surgeons on aspects related to the forensic effect of stage blood on different surfaces, as well as to confirm the reproducibility of stain models proposed by Simonin 1 (1966), varying incidence angles and surfaces. (bvsalud.org)
- Conclusion: it was possible to conclude that, although the majority of respondents had partial knowledge on the topic proposed, they were unaware that the expertise in trace elements such as stains or liquids from the oral cavity or present in it is one of the areas of competence for the work of the specialist in forensic dentistry. (bvsalud.org)
Correctly2
- If not promptly and correctly cleaned, blood can also leave behind a lingering odor. (cleaningtoolspro.com)
- Results: 53.2% (n=33) of respondents answered the composition of stains correctly. (bvsalud.org)
Buffer5
- Chill True-Phos™ Perm Buffer to -20°C. For each 0.1mL of whole blood, aliquot 1.0mL of True-Phos™ Perm Buffer and chill to -20°C. (biolegend.com)
- Example: for 1mL of whole blood, permeabilize with 10mL of pre-chilled True-Phos™ Perm Buffer. (biolegend.com)
- Resuspend the cells in a volume of Cell Staining Buffer equivalent to the starting volume of blood. (biolegend.com)
- if starting volume of whole blood was 1 mL, resuspend cell pellet in 1 mL of Cell Staining Buffer. (biolegend.com)
- Resuspend cells in approximately 500µl of Cell Staining Buffer and analyze with a flow cytometer. (biolegend.com)
Cultures3
- Treat blood cultures as biohazard II specimens. (medscape.com)
- In October 2001, blood cultures were positive for anthrax in all 8 patients who did not receive antibiotics. (medscape.com)
- Aliquot blood cultures and prepare slides from blood cultures in a biosafety cabinets. (who.int)
Adhesive1
- Freeze chewing gum and adhesive stains so that they can be scraped away. (targetwoman.com)
Removal19
- The stain fighting ingredients that form bubbles in water aid in the stain-removal process. (oxiclean.com)
- However, using hot or cold water can make a big difference in effective stain removal. (rushordertees.com)
- In this blog post, we will explore the potential damage that blood stains can cause, the importance of immediate response, and the factors that can affect the removal process. (cleaningtoolspro.com)
- The age and condition of the floor can also impact the stain removal process. (cleaningtoolspro.com)
- When it comes to cleaning blood off hardwood floors, proper preparation is key to ensure a successful stain removal process. (cleaningtoolspro.com)
- Before you begin the stain removal process, it is important to gather all the necessary supplies. (cleaningtoolspro.com)
- With the right stain removal agent, you can get your fabrics, carpets and furnishings looking bright and clean. (targetwoman.com)
- Bad stains and spots and their improper removal leads to discarded clothes. (targetwoman.com)
- With the right stain removal tips, you can extend the life of your clothes, furnishings and carpets. (targetwoman.com)
- Stain removal is vital to good housekeeping and can be a painstaking and exhaustive process. (targetwoman.com)
- Look for easy solutions for ink stain removal and blood stain removal. (targetwoman.com)
- You can also use stain removal sprays or gels. (targetwoman.com)
- For those of you who have been exasperated with ink stain removal methods, try the method that best suits the type of ink spilt. (targetwoman.com)
- For removal of water-based ink stains, lay the stained area on a clean dry and white towel. (targetwoman.com)
- Pick up some vital stain removal tips, ones that will help you manage your fabrics, upholstery and carpets better. (targetwoman.com)
- Test the stain-removal technique on less visible areas of the garment. (targetwoman.com)
- Stain removal can take time. (targetwoman.com)
- Follow the directions on any stain removal products you use. (targetwoman.com)
- Don't mix stain removal products as it can result in toxic odors and mixed results. (targetwoman.com)
Towel3
- Next, blot the area with a towel, repeating until the stain is gone. (rd.com)
- If the blood stain is on a towel, sheet, or article of clothing, throw the item in the washing machine on the cold cycle instead. (rd.com)
- Apply with clean white towel and use to blot out stain. (oxiclean.com)
Baking soda1
- If you want to know how to use baking soda to clean the upholstery stain, then read this blog. (arevalobroscarpetcleaning.com)
Organism2
- Specimens may be stained or cultured to demonstrate the organism. (medscape.com)
- B anthracis readily grows on blood agar, and staining microbiologically differentiates the organism from non- B anthracis bacilli. (medscape.com)
Bacilli1
- As spore germination occurs within macrophages at the site of inoculation, anthrax bacilli are isolated easily from the vesicular lesions and can be observed on Gram stain. (medscape.com)
Sheep blood4
- For the larger volume stains, sheep blood mixed with an anti-coagulant and a preservative was used. (hemospat.com)
- Culture is performed on sheep blood or peptone agar. (medscape.com)
- B anthracis is characterized by the absence of hemolysis on sheep blood agar, lack of motility, absence of salicin fermentation, gelatin hydrolysis, and lack of growth on phenylethyl alcohol medium. (medscape.com)
- On culture plates inoculated after a positive signal, at the end of two days of aerobic incubation at 37 °C, small smooth S colonies grew on chocolate and sheep blood agar . (bvsalud.org)
Spills3
- No matter how careful we are, there will be spills and splashes- and stains. (rushordertees.com)
- It is almost impossible to prevent these spills, but it does not have to be impossible to get those stains out from your carpets. (servicemasterclean.com)
- To clean blood spills properly, is recommended that you seek assistance in a professional bioremediation company . (aftermath.com)
Fresh4
- Whether you're dealing with fresh blood or dried blood, you have options. (rd.com)
- Cleaning a fresh blood stain is always preferable to a dried one . (aftermath.com)
- If the stain was fresh there are chances you might have dealt with it calmly. (customizedbedsheet.com)
- It is more effective on fresh bloodstains. (arevalobroscarpetcleaning.com)
Fabrics2
- OxiClean™ Versatile Stain Remover can be used on a variety of water washable fabrics and surfaces, both indoor and outdoor. (oxiclean.com)
- Water - Your first line of defense for most stains, water is basically free, plentiful, and doesn't cause any damage to fabrics. (rushordertees.com)
Carpets1
- Nosebleeds, accidental injuries, sometimes blood can get on your carpets. (servicemasterclean.com)
Cleaner1
- Wet the stain using a commercial cleaner specific for pet stains. (servicemasterclean.com)
Cold water2
Difficult1
- Kool-Aid stains are one of the most common and one of the most difficult to clean. (servicemasterclean.com)
Inks1
- Since inks differ in composition, there is no one solution for all ink stains. (targetwoman.com)
Water5
- OxiClean™ is a Versatile Stain Remover in a powder form that is activated when added to water (warm or hot water work best). (oxiclean.com)
- The blue crystals in OxiClean™ Versatile Stain Remover are made of water softener molecules which help your detergent work better. (oxiclean.com)
- The trick to removing dried blood is trying a simple method (soap and water) and moving on to more complicated methods if needed. (aftermath.com)
- It is generally classified as an oxidizing agent which means that it can break down in water and oxygen: this is actually how it helps address your stain. (customizedbedsheet.com)
- Household members not anemic or have a bleeding disorder that would prevent were eligible if they (1) received their drinking water from the giving a blood sample. (cdc.gov)
Avoid1
- With school kids, you can't avoid ink stains on clothes. (targetwoman.com)
Essential2
- Understanding the challenge of cleaning blood off hardwood floors is essential to ensure you take the right steps and prevent any damage to your beautiful flooring. (cleaningtoolspro.com)
- While cleaning blood stains off hardwood floors, it is essential to prioritize safety. (cleaningtoolspro.com)
Upholstery3
- For women facing cosmetic stains on apparel and upholstery, sponge a little dry cleaning solvent on the stain. (targetwoman.com)
- To do so, use a soft-bristled brush to gently rub the stained area to try to loosen the grip of dried bloodstain from the upholstery. (arevalobroscarpetcleaning.com)
- Note: Follow the upholstery cleaning tips here to keep your sofas and couches clean and stain-free. (arevalobroscarpetcleaning.com)
Gently1
- This will be used for scrubbing the stain gently without damaging the wood. (cleaningtoolspro.com)
Treat2
- Treat all stains as quickly as possible. (rushordertees.com)
- Use to pre-treat and blot stains before laundering. (rushordertees.com)
Clean4
- For instance, if you're dealing with blood stains on a blouse that says dry clean only, don't throw it in the washing machine. (rd.com)
- When trying to clean blood, sooner is better than later. (servicemasterclean.com)
- Imagine you spread a clean white bedsheet and the next day you wake up only to find there are blood stains on your bedsheet. (customizedbedsheet.com)
- In this blog, we will share some great tips to help you clean blood from bed sheets. (customizedbedsheet.com)
Cosmetic1
- Some port-wine stains can be covered with cosmetic cover-up cream. (msdmanuals.com)
Wounds1
- This clotting ability helps heal wounds more quickly and helps prevent profuse blood loss. (aftermath.com)
Absorb1
- For example, blood vessels absorb yellow, blue, and green light best, so lasers of these colors are used to selectively target blood vessels in the treatment of vascular growths. (msdmanuals.com)
Aerobic1
- A positive signal was obtained from two aerobic blood culture samples at 42 and 45 hours of incubation in the BacT/Alert device . (bvsalud.org)
Causative1
- In this report , a case of M.abscessus, which developed tubular adenoma , pancytopenia and sepsis on the basis of chronic renal failure (CRF) was diagnosed by suspecting the causative agent in the Gram stain examination prepared from blood culture , was presented. (bvsalud.org)
Examine1
- If prior treatment with antibiotics has occurred, the best way to determine infection is to perform serologic testing and punch biopsy at the edge of the lesion and examine by silver staining and immunohistochemical testing. (medscape.com)
Infection3
- A Gram stain is most often used to find out if you have a bacterial infection. (medlineplus.gov)
- Gram stain results may also show whether you have a fungal infection. (medlineplus.gov)
- In addition, the data presented demonstrates the plant extract had the potential to improve the red and white blood cell indices reducing parasitaemia following T. b. brucei infection. (bvsalud.org)