Blood specimen collection. Medical search

The taking of a blood sample to determine its character as a whole, to identify levels of its component cells, chemicals, gases, or other constituents, to perform pathological examination, etc.

Procedures for collecting, preserving, and transporting of specimens sufficiently stable to provide accurate and precise results suitable for clinical interpretation.

Methods or procedures used to obtain samples of URINE.

Hospital facilities equipped to carry out investigative procedures.

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

Techniques used to carry out clinical investigative procedures in the diagnosis and therapy of disease.

Liquid by-product of excretion produced in the kidneys, temporarily stored in the bladder until discharge through the URETHRA.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

Techniques used in studying bacteria.

Commercially prepared reagent sets, with accessory devices, containing all of the major components and literature necessary to perform one or more designated diagnostic tests or procedures. They may be for laboratory or personal use.

A system for verifying and maintaining a desired level of quality in a product or process by careful planning, use of proper equipment, continued inspection, and corrective action as required. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

Infections with bacteria of the genus CHLAMYDIA.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Sudden increase in the incidence of a disease. The concept includes EPIDEMICS and PANDEMICS.

The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

The body fluid that circulates in the vascular system (BLOOD VESSELS). Whole blood includes PLASMA and BLOOD CELLS.

The techniques used to draw blood from a vein for diagnostic purposes or for treatment of certain blood disorders such as erythrocytosis, hemochromatosis, polycythemia vera, and porphyria cutanea tarda.

Studies determining the effectiveness or value of processes, personnel, and equipment, or the material on conducting such studies. For drugs and devices, CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; DRUG EVALUATION; and DRUG EVALUATION, PRECLINICAL are available.

The process by which blood or its components are kept viable outside of the organism from which they are derived (i.e., kept from decay by means of a chemical agent, cooling, or a fluid substitute that mimics the natural state within the organism).

Studies of the number of cases where human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is present in a specific population at a designated time. The presence in a given individual is determined by the finding of HIV antibodies in the serum (HIV SEROPOSITIVITY).

The application of medical knowledge to questions of law.

An infant during the first month after birth.

The study of the structure, growth, function, genetics, and reproduction of viruses, and VIRUS DISEASES.

Small, often pleomorphic, coccoid to ellipsoidal organisms occurring intracytoplasmically in circulating LYMPHOCYTES. They are the etiologic agents of tick-borne diseases of humans; DOGS; CATTLE; SHEEP; GOATS; and HORSES.

Detection of drugs that have been abused, overused, or misused, including legal and illegal drugs. Urine screening is the usual method of detection.

A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS.

A microanalytical technique combining mass spectrometry and gas chromatography for the qualitative as well as quantitative determinations of compounds.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.

The residual portion of BLOOD that is left after removal of BLOOD CELLS by CENTRIFUGATION without prior BLOOD COAGULATION.

Immunologic tests for identification of HIV (HTLV-III/LAV) antibodies. They include assays for HIV SEROPOSITIVITY and HIV SERONEGATIVITY that have been developed for screening persons carrying the viral antibody from patients with overt symptoms of AIDS or AIDS-RELATED COMPLEX.

Techniques used in microbiology.

Infection with CYTOMEGALOVIRUS, characterized by enlarged cells bearing intranuclear inclusions. Infection may be in almost any organ, but the salivary glands are the most common site in children, as are the lungs in adults.

The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the blood. Fever, chills, tachycardia, and tachypnea are common acute manifestations of bacteremia. The majority of cases are seen in already hospitalized patients, most of whom have underlying diseases or procedures which render their bloodstreams susceptible to invasion.

The identification of selected parameters in newborn infants by various tests, examinations, or other procedures. Screening may be performed by clinical or laboratory measures. A screening test is designed to sort out healthy neonates (INFANT, NEWBORN) from those not well, but the screening test is not intended as a diagnostic device, rather instead as epidemiologic.

Systematic gathering of data for a particular purpose from various sources, including questionnaires, interviews, observation, existing records, and electronic devices. The process is usually preliminary to statistical analysis of the data.

A tick-borne disease characterized by FEVER; HEADACHE; myalgias; ANOREXIA; and occasionally RASH. It is caused by several bacterial species and can produce disease in DOGS; CATTLE; SHEEP; GOATS; HORSES; and humans. The primary species causing human disease are EHRLICHIA CHAFFEENSIS; ANAPLASMA PHAGOCYTOPHILUM; and Ehrlichia ewingii.

Exfoliate neoplastic cells circulating in the blood and associated with metastasizing tumors.

A process of separating particulate matter from a fluid, such as air or a liquid, by passing the fluid carrier through a medium that will not pass the particulates. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Process of using a rotating machine to generate centrifugal force to separate substances of different densities, remove moisture, or simulate gravitational effects. It employs a large motor-driven apparatus with a long arm, at the end of which human and animal subjects, biological specimens, or equipment can be revolved and rotated at various speeds to study gravitational effects. (From Websters, 10th ed; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Positive test results in subjects who do not possess the attribute for which the test is conducted. The labeling of healthy persons as diseased when screening in the detection of disease. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

Blood of the fetus. Exchange of nutrients and waste between the fetal and maternal blood occurs via the PLACENTA. The cord blood is blood contained in the umbilical vessels (UMBILICAL CORD) at the time of delivery.

EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES based on the detection through serological testing of characteristic change in the serum level of specific ANTIBODIES. Latent subclinical infections and carrier states can thus be detected in addition to clinically overt cases.

An examination of chemicals in the blood.

The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.

Process of growing viruses in live animals, plants, or cultured cells.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of protozoa.

Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.

Postmortem examination of the body.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Immunosurveillance and the evaluation of national immunization programmes: a population-based approach. (1/1207)

Mass vaccination can change the epidemiological dynamics of infectious diseases. It may result in a limited persistence of natural and vaccine-induced immunity and a higher mean age of infection, which may lead to a greater risk of complications. The epidemiological situation should be monitored and immunosurveillance based on the assessment of specific antibodies against vaccine-preventable diseases in human serum is one of the tools. In order to estimate the immunity of the Dutch population reliably, a large-scale, population-based, collection of serum samples was established (8359 sera in a nation-wide sampling and 1589 sera from municipalities with low vaccine coverage). In contrast to collecting residual sera from laboratories, this approach gains extensive information by means of a questionnaire regarding the determinants of the immune status and the risk factors for the transmission of infectious diseases in general. The population-based approach gives a better guarantee that the data are representative than collecting sera from laboratories does. (+info)

A method for collecting right coronary venous blood samples from conscious dogs. (2/1207)

This report describes for the first time a technique to collect right coronary venous blood samples from conscious dogs. Catheters, prepared from Micro-Renathane tubing, were surgically implanted in right ventricular superficial veins of three anesthetized dogs. Also implanted were an arterial catheter, a right coronary flow transducer, and a right coronary artery constrictor. The coronary catheter was introduced at a venous bifurcation so that its side holes were positioned above the bifurcation; both ends of the catheter were exteriorized. Heparinized saline was continuously infused through the venous catheter by a battery-powered pump. The dogs were maintained for 10-13 days after surgery, and all catheters remained patent. Multiple right coronary venous samples were collected from each dog. These samples were analyzed for venous oxygen tension (PvO2) under baseline conditions, with right coronary pressure reduced to 50 mmHg, and during the reactive hyperemia after release of the right coronary artery constriction. PvO2 was 27.7 +/- 1.0 mmHg at baseline, 23.4 +/- 1.0 mmHg during coronary artery constriction, and 34.3 +/- 1.5 mmHg during reactive hyperemia. These data and the position of the catheter at autopsy demonstrated that coronary venous blood had been sampled. (+info)

Reducing bruising after venepuncture. (3/1207)

Bruising after venepuncture is undesirable. To verify an apparent increase in bruising after introducing a new venepuncture system in a small district general hospital and to improve the venepuncture service two prospective audits of the incidence and severity of bruising after venepuncture were performed in two groups of 100 consecutive inpatients undergoing venepuncture by phlebotomists. In the first audit bruising was detected in 45 patients, of whom 34(76%) had bruises > 100 mm2 in area. After modification of the technique, whereby the phlebotomists ensured that haemostasis had been attained before leaving the patient, bruising was significantly reduced, occurring in 25 patients only 9 of whom (36%) had bruises > 100mm2 in area (both p < 0.01) in the second audit. Monitoring of standards and simple modification of technique resulted in significant reduction in incidence and severity of bruising, improving the quality of the venepuncture service. (+info)

Randomised controlled trial of paracetamol for heel prick pain in neonates. (4/1207)

AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of paracetamol in decreasing the pain from heel prick. METHODS: A prospective randomised double blind placebo controlled trial was conducted of 75 term neonates undergoing heel prick. Sixty to 90 minutes before the procedure neonates received paracetamol orally in a dose of 20 mg/kg (group 1) or an equal volume of placebo (group 2). Heel prick was performed in a standardised manner. Pain assessments were made using per cent facial action (brow bulge, eye squeeze, and nasolabial fold (range 0-300%) and per cent of time spent crying (range 0-100%). RESULTS: Thirty eight neonates were enrolled in group 1 and 37 neonates in group 2. There were no significant differences in the demographic characteristics between groups. Mean gestational age was 39 (SD 1.4) vs 39.4 (SD 1.2) weeks, p = 0.86, mean birthweight 3.45 (SD 0.45) vs 3.44 (SD 0.42) kg; p = 0.31 for groups 1 and 2, respectively. Facial action pain scores did not differ between groups (143.5 (SD 54.2)% vs 131.1 (SD 59.6)%; p = 0.38). Cry scores also did not differ (29.4 (SD 19.9)% vs 26.8 (SD 20.2)%; p = 0.60). No adverse effects were observed. CONCLUSION: Paracetamol is ineffective for decreasing the pain from heel prick in term neonates. (+info)

Stem cell mobilization with G-CSF alone in breast cancer patients: higher progenitor cell yield by delivering divided doses (2 x 5 microg/kg) compared to a single dose (1 x 10 microg/kg). (5/1207)

We investigated the schedule dependency of G-CSF (10 microg/kg) alone in mobilizing peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC) in breast cancer patients. After a median of three cycles (range, 2-6) of anthracycline-based chemotherapy, 49 patients with breast cancer (stage II/III, > or = 10+ Ln n = 36; locally advanced/inflammatory n = 8, stage IV (NED) n = 5) underwent PBPC collection after steady-state mobilization either with 1 x 10 microg/kg (n = 27) or with 2 x 5 microg/kg (n = 22) G-CSF daily for 4 consecutive days until completion of apheresis. Apheresis was started on day 5. Priming with 2 x 5 microg/kg resulted in a higher median number of CD34+ cells (5.8 vs 1.9 x 10(6)/kg, P = 0.003), MNC (6.6 vs 2.6 x 10(8)/kg, P < 0.001) and CFU-GM (6.5 vs 1.3 x 10(4)/kg, P = 0.001) in the first apheresis than with 1 x 10 microg/kg. Also the overall number of collected BFU-E was higher in the 2 x 5 microg group (9.2 vs 3.1 x 10(4)/kg; P = 0.01). After high-dose chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide/thiotepa/mitoxantrone (n = 46) hematopoietic engraftment with leukocyte count > 1.0/nl was reached in both groups after a median of 10 days (range, 8-15) and with platelets count > 50/nl after 12 (range, 9-40) and 13 days (range, 12-41), respectively. A threshold of > 2.5 x 10(6)/kg reinfused CD34+ cells ensured rapid platelet engraftment (12 vs 17 days; P = 0.12). Therefore, the target of collecting > 2.5 x 10(6) CD34+ cells was achieved in 21/27 (80%) patients of the 1 x 10 microg group and in 21/22 (95%) patients of the 2 x 5 microg/kg group with a median of two aphereses (range, 1-4). None in the 10 microg/kg group, but 6/22 (28%) patients in the 2 x 5 microg/kg group required only one apheresis procedure, resulting in fewer apheresis procedures in the 2 x 5 microg/kg group (mean, 1.8 vs 2.3, P = 0.01). These results demonstrate that priming with 10 microg/kg G-CSF alone is well tolerated and effective in mobilizing sufficient numbers of CD34+ cells in breast cancer patients and provide prompt engraftment after CTM high-dose chemotherapy. G-CSF given 5 microg/kg twice daily (2 x 5 microg) leads to a higher harvest of CD34+ cells and required fewer apheresis procedures than when given 10 microg/kg once daily (1 x 10 microg). (+info)

Optimal timing for processing and cryopreservation of umbilical cord haematopoietic stem cells for clinical transplantation. (6/1207)

Some of the factors that may influence the number and quality of cord blood haematopoietic progenitor cells available for transplantation have been investigated including site of collection, delayed processing after collection and cryopreservation protocol. We used the granulocyte-macrophage progenitor (CFU-GM) and erythroid burst-forming unit (BFU-E) assays to quantify progenitors. The capacity of CFU-GM to produce secondary colonies was used as a measure of progenitor cell quality. We found that: (1) there were no significant differences in total nucleated cells (TNC), mononuclear cells (MNC), CFU-GM or BFU-E numbers in paired specimens from the umbilical vein or veins at the base of the placenta. The potential of the CFU-GM to produce secondary colonies from the two sites was similar; (2) storing cord blood at room temperature or at 4 degrees C resulted in a significant reduction in progenitor cell numbers beyond 9 h; and (3) cryopreservation following either controlled rate freezing or passive cooling reduced MNC numbers, viability and CFU-GM survival insignificantly but the potential of CFU-GM to produce secondary colonies was significantly reduced post cryopreservation (P = 0.04). We conclude that the yield of CB progenitor cells is not affected by the site of collection, but is adversely affected by delays between collection and cryopreservation. Furthermore, cryopreservation reduced the CFU-GM potential to produce secondary colonies. Measures of progenitor cell quality as well as quantity may be relevant to assessing CB blood collections. (+info)

Ultrasound study of heel to calcaneum depth in neonates. (7/1207)

AIM: To investigate whether it would be safe to extend the currently recommended area of sampling to the whole heel in neonates. METHODS: Eighty newborn infants were studied, weight range 0.56 to 4.34 kg, gestation 24 to 42 weeks. Ultrasound scanning was used to measure the shortest distance between the skin and the perichondrium of the calcaneum. RESULTS: The shortest depth of perichondrium was in the centre of the heel and ranged from 3 to 8 mm. In 78 of the 80 infants the distance was 4 mm or more. There was a small but significant positive correlation with weight. CONCLUSIONS: Standard automated lancets for preterm use that puncture to a depth of 2.4 mm may be safely used anywhere over the plantar surface of the heel. The posterior aspect of the heel should be avoided. Reducing the density of heel pricks should reduce the associated pain. (+info)

Evaluation of renal function from 99mTc-MAG3 renography without blood sampling. (8/1207)

To develop a camera-based method for evaluating renal function with 99mTc-mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG3), we examined the relationship between various renogram parameters and 99mTc-MAG3 clearance. METHODS: Twenty-one patients underwent renal scintigraphy with 99mTc-MAG3. Eighty 3-s frames were obtained after the bolus injection of 250 MBq tracer, followed by the collection of 52 30-s frames. Regions of interest were drawn for the kidneys, perirenal background areas and subrenal background areas, and background-subtracted renograms were generated. Renal accumulation at 0.5-1.5, 0.5-2, 1-2, 1-2.5 and 1.5-2.5 min after tracer arrival in the kidney was calculated as area under the background-subtracted renogram, and percent renal uptake was obtained after correction for soft-tissue attenuation and injected dose. The slope of the renogram was determined for the same segments used in calculating area under the renogram, and slope index was computed as slope corrected for attenuation and injected dose. Percent renal uptakes and slope indices were correlated by linear regression analysis with 99mTc-MAG3 clearance measured using a single blood sampling method. RESULTS: Among the values of percent renal uptake, the value obtained at 1.5-2.5 min using the perirenal background correlated best with 99mTc-MAG3 clearance. The slope index at 0.5-1.5 or 0.5-2 min using the subrenal background provided better accuracy than percent renal uptake for predicting clearance. There were no substantial differences in the relative function of the right kidney between the methods using percent renal uptake and slope index. CONCLUSION: 99mTc-MAG3 clearance can be assessed with acceptable accuracy by a camera-based method. The method based on the slope of the renogram may replace the one based on the area under the renogram in evaluating renal function from 99mTc-MAG3 renograms. (+info)

The symptoms of chlamydia infections can vary depending on the location of the infection. In genital infections, symptoms may include:

* Discharge from the penis or vagina
* Painful urination
* Abnormal bleeding or spotting
* Painful sex
* Testicular pain in men
* Pelvic pain in women

In eye infections, symptoms can include:

* Redness and swelling of the eye
* Discharge from the eye
* Pain or sensitivity to light

In respiratory infections, symptoms may include:

* Cough
* Fever
* Shortness of breath or wheezing

If left untreated, chlamydia infections can lead to serious complications, such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women and epididymitis in men. Chlamydia infections can also increase the risk of infertility and other long-term health problems.

Chlamydia infections are typically diagnosed through a physical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests such as a nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) or a culture test. Treatment for chlamydia infections typically involves antibiotics, which can effectively cure the infection. It is important to note that sexual partners of someone with a chlamydia infection should also be tested and treated, as they may also have the infection.

Prevention methods for chlamydia infections include safe sex practices such as using condoms and dental dams, as well as regular screening and testing for the infection. It is important to note that chlamydia infections can be asymptomatic, so regular testing is crucial for early detection and treatment.

In conclusion, chlamydia is a common sexually transmitted bacterial infection that can cause serious complications if left untreated. Early detection and treatment are key to preventing long-term health problems and the spread of the infection. Safe sex practices and regular screening are also important for preventing chlamydia infections.

CMV infections are more common in people with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS, cancer, or taking immunosuppressive drugs after an organ transplant. In these individuals, CMV can cause severe and life-threatening complications, such as pneumonia, retinitis (inflammation of the retina), and gastrointestinal disease.

In healthy individuals, CMV infections are usually mild and may not cause any symptoms at all. However, in some cases, CMV can cause a mononucleosis-like illness with fever, fatigue, and swollen lymph nodes.

CMV infections are diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, blood tests, and imaging studies such as CT scans or MRI. Treatment is generally not necessary for mild cases, but may include antiviral medications for more severe infections. Prevention strategies include avoiding close contact with individuals who have CMV, practicing good hygiene, and considering immunoprophylaxis (prevention of infection through the use of immune globulin) for high-risk individuals.

Overall, while CMV infections can be serious and life-threatening, they are relatively rare in healthy individuals and can often be treated effectively with supportive care and antiviral medications.

Bacteremia can occur when bacteria enter the bloodstream through various means, such as:

* Infected wounds or surgical sites
* Injecting drug use
* Skin infections
* Respiratory tract infections
* Urinary tract infections
* Endocarditis (infection of the heart valves)

The symptoms of bacteremia can vary depending on the type of bacteria and the severity of the infection. Some common symptoms include:

* Fever
* Chills
* Headache
* Muscle aches
* Weakness
* Confusion
* Shortness of breath

Bacteremia is diagnosed by blood cultures, which involve collecting blood samples and inserting them into a specialized container to grow the bacteria. Treatment typically involves antibiotics and supportive care, such as intravenous fluids and oxygen therapy. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to monitor and treat the infection.

Prevention measures for bacteremia include:

* Practicing good hygiene, such as washing hands regularly
* Avoiding sharing personal items like toothbrushes or razors
* Properly cleaning and covering wounds
* Getting vaccinated against infections that can lead to bacteremia
* Following proper sterilization techniques during medical procedures

Overall, bacteremia is a serious condition that requires prompt medical attention to prevent complications and ensure effective treatment.

Symptoms of ehrlichiosis typically begin within one to two weeks after the tick bite and may include fever, headache, muscle pain, joint pain, and rash. In severe cases, the infection can spread to the bloodstream and cause more serious complications, such as respiratory distress, liver failure, and kidney failure.

Ehrlichiosis is diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests, including a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test to detect the bacterial DNA in the blood. Treatment typically involves antibiotics, such as doxycycline or azithromycin, which are effective against the bacteria that cause ehrlichiosis.

Prevention of ehrlichiosis primarily involves avoiding tick habitats and using tick-repellent clothing and insecticides to prevent tick bites. Early detection and treatment of ehrlichiosis can help reduce the risk of serious complications and improve outcomes for infected individuals.

These cells are typically small and irregular in shape and may have different surface markers than normal cells. They can travel through the bloodstream and potentially establish new tumors in other parts of the body. The presence of NCCs in the blood can be an early sign of cancer metastasis and can provide important diagnostic and prognostic information.

NCCs can be detected using various techniques, such as the CellSearch system, which uses a combination of magnetic and fluorescent markers to capture and identify CTCs in the blood. The detection and characterization of NCCs are becoming increasingly important in the management of cancer patients, particularly those with solid tumors like breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer.

Neoplastic cells circulating can be used for various purposes, including:

1. Diagnosis: The presence of NCCs in the blood can help confirm a cancer diagnosis and identify specific types of cancer.
2. Prognosis: The number and characteristics of NCCs can provide information about the aggressiveness of the cancer and the likelihood of metastasis.
3. Monitoring treatment response: The presence or absence of NCCs in the blood during treatment can indicate whether the therapy is effective or not.
4. Detection of minimal residual disease (MRD): NCCs can be used to detect small numbers of cancer cells that may remain after treatment, which can be an indicator of potential relapse.
5. Liquid biopsy: NCCs can be analyzed for genetic mutations and other molecular markers, providing valuable information for personalized medicine.

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection is a condition in which the body is infected with HIV, a type of retrovirus that attacks the body's immune system. HIV infection can lead to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), a condition in which the immune system is severely damaged and the body is unable to fight off infections and diseases.

There are several ways that HIV can be transmitted, including:

1. Sexual contact with an infected person
2. Sharing of needles or other drug paraphernalia with an infected person
3. Mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding
4. Blood transfusions ( although this is rare in developed countries due to screening processes)
5. Organ transplantation (again, rare)

The symptoms of HIV infection can be mild at first and may not appear until several years after infection. These symptoms can include:

1. Fever
2. Fatigue
3. Swollen glands in the neck, armpits, and groin
4. Rash
5. Muscle aches and joint pain
6. Night sweats
7. Diarrhea
8. Weight loss

If left untreated, HIV infection can progress to AIDS, which is a life-threatening condition that can cause a wide range of symptoms, including:

1. Opportunistic infections (such as pneumocystis pneumonia)
2. Cancer (such as Kaposi's sarcoma)
3. Wasting syndrome
4. Neurological problems (such as dementia and seizures)

HIV infection is diagnosed through a combination of blood tests and physical examination. Treatment typically involves antiretroviral therapy (ART), which is a combination of medications that work together to suppress the virus and slow the progression of the disease.

Prevention methods for HIV infection include:

1. Safe sex practices, such as using condoms and dental dams
2. Avoiding sharing needles or other drug-injecting equipment
3. Avoiding mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding
4. Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), which is a short-term treatment that can prevent infection after potential exposure to the virus
5. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), which is a daily medication that can prevent infection in people who are at high risk of being exposed to the virus.

It's important to note that HIV infection is manageable with proper treatment and care, and that people living with HIV can lead long and healthy lives. However, it's important to be aware of the risks and take steps to prevent transmission.

"Specimen collection". Keohane, E et al. (2015). p. 118. Warekois, R; Robinson, R. (2013). p. 116. Turgeon, ML. (2016). pp. 346- ... The white blood cell differential is a common blood test that is often ordered alongside a complete blood count. The test may ... The test is performed on whole blood, meaning blood that has not been centrifuged. In a manual differential, a stained blood ... such as blood disorders and inflammatory diseases. Five types of white blood cells are normally found in blood: neutrophils, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_blood_cell_differential

"Specimen collection". Keohane, E et al. (2015). p. 28. Bain, BJ et al. (2017). p. 1. Smock, KJ. Chapter 1 in Greer, JP et al, ... Blood is composed of a fluid portion, called plasma, and a cellular portion that contains red blood cells, white blood cells ... which interferes with red blood cell measurements by causing white blood cells to be counted as red cells). Red and white blood ... A complete blood count (CBC), also known as a full blood count (FBC), is a set of medical laboratory tests that provide ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complete_blood_count

"Specimen Collection". Bennett, JE et al. (2019). p. 202. Ombelet, S; Barbé, B; Affolabi, D; Ronat, JB; Lompo, P; Lunguya, O; et ... A typical blood culture collection involves drawing blood into two bottles, which together form one "culture" or "set". One ... the collection of larger volumes of blood increases the likelihood that microorganisms will be detected if present. Blood ... Prior to the blood draw, the top of each collection bottle is disinfected using an alcohol swab to prevent contamination. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_culture

"Blood collection: routine venipuncture and specimen handling". Retrieved 2006-02-01. Pagana, KD; Pagana, TJ; Pagana, TN (19 ... Blood collection tubes expire because over time the vacuum is lost and blood will not be drawn into the tube when the needle ... "Specimen Collection Tubes & Containers". Archived from the original on 2006-02-12. Retrieved 2006-02-01. "Quick Collection List ... A vacutainer blood collection tube is a sterile glass or plastic test tube with a colored rubber stopper creating a vacuum seal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacutainer

Procedures for the Collection of Arterial Blood Specimens; Approved Standard-Fourth Edition (Procedures for the Collection of ... The blood can also be drawn from an arterial catheter. An ABG test measures the blood gas tension values of the arterial ... An arterial blood gas (ABG) test, or arterial blood gas analysis (ABGA) measures the amounts of arterial gases, such as oxygen ... Arterial blood for blood-gas analysis is usually drawn by a respiratory therapist and sometimes a phlebotomist, a nurse, a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arterial_blood_gas_test

Fluids such as blood, blood products and urine are stored in fluid banks under similar conditions. The collection, storage, ... When it is used for research it is a biological specimen. Such tissues and organs may be referred to as implant tissue, ... The UK Human Tissue Act 2004 Specimen Central biorepository list A worldwide listing of active biobanks and biorepositories ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomedical_tissue

In Privacy Act documentation, DoD acknowledges that the AFHSC maintains "... specimen collections (remaining serum from blood ... DoDSR specimens are collected without informed consent, and specimen donors are not informed of the use of their specimens in ... Serum specimens are identified by a unique specimen identification number, which for the majority of specimens are linked to ... Additionally, this legislation required DoD to change its policies to require collection of an HIV specimen within 120 days pre ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Defense_Serum_Repository

The importance of type specimens in the description of species make skin collections a vital resource for systematic ... Blood may also be used to identify pathogens and arthropod-borne viruses. Ectoparasites may be collected for studies of ... Egg collection is no longer popular; however, historic museum collections have been of value in determining the effects of ... This led to the formation of huge collections of bird skins in museums in Europe and North America. Many private collections ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ornithology

160 pieces of basketry and specimens were recovered from the 1967-68 excavations. The collections were one of the largest and ... However, it could not be established that blood was the adhesive agent, so the identification of menstrual pads remains ... One of the specimens was square and the other loaf-shaped. The loaf-shaped specimen had a surface flattened by grinding and ... 5 specimens classified as "grooved stone" were found, one complete specimen and four fragments. The complete stone had an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hogup_Cave

These periodic data collections consisted of blood specimens and lumbar punctures from participants. Data was shipped back to ... These attempts failed at producing infections quick enough, due to the prisoners refusing repeated blood drawings. Researchers ... including data collection from orphans, inmates, psychiatric patients, and school children. ... the United States, where many of these blood samples tested positive for syphilis. Dr. Funes and Dr. Salvado continued ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guatemala_syphilis_experiments

It is advisable to stop ingesting red meat and aspirin for three days prior to specimen collection. False positives can occur ... Fecal occult blood (FOB) refers to blood in the feces that is not visibly apparent (unlike other types of blood in stool such ... In healthy people about 0.5 to 1.5 ml of blood escapes blood vessels into the stool each day. Significant amounts of blood can ... Tests for occult blood identify lesser blood loss. Fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) can identify as little as 0.3 ml of daily ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fecal_occult_blood

Walker, F. (1848). List of the specimens of dipterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. part 1. London: British ... 1926). "The blood-sucking arthropods of the Dutch East Indian Archipelago. VII. The tabanids from the Dutch East Indian ... Blood-sucking Diptera from Port Darwin, Australia". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 10 (8): 222-228. Retrieved 18 ... 1-2. In [Saunders, W. W. (ed.)], Insecta Saundersiana: or characters of undescribed insects in the collection of William Wilson ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhigioglossa

... 'keepers' feed their creature with blood, either animal blood (goat) or human blood. The blood is placed near the ... Most being found on the islands of Java and Sumatra, and are held as private collections of supernatural researchers and fans. ... not all specimens were examined, and the jenglot is an actively believed myth that many natives believe to be real. In 2008, ... According to traditional belief, the jenglot will get the nutrients of the blood in their own way.[citation needed] In ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenglot

Healthcare professionals use specimen testing (blood, urine, or other) to help diagnose disease, assess health, and monitor ... Barcode technologies for specimen collection have been noted to increase patient comfort, decrease possible delays in diagnosis ... Barcodes have been noted to be the strong intervention to reduce labeling errors on specimen collection, by ensuring that the ... Accurate results can be yielded from error-free collection procedures. Specimens that are collected incorrectly may lead to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcode_technology_in_healthcare

Guthrie also pioneered the collection of blood on filter paper which could be easily transported, recognizing the need for a ... "Use of tandem mass spectrometry for multianalyte screening of dried blood specimens from newborns". Clin. Chem. 49 (11): 1797- ... Controversy has also erupted in some countries over collection and storage of blood or DNA samples by government agencies ... Chace, D. H.; Hannon, W. H. (2016). "Filter Paper as a Blood Sample Collection Device for Newborn Screening". Clinical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newborn_screening

Peptostreptoccocci are often overlooked and they are very difficult to isolate, appropriate specimen collection is required. ... Patients who have predisposing conditions are shown to have 5% higher recovery rate of the bacteria in blood cultures. Of all ... It is difficult to obtain appropriate culture specimens. It requires a direct lung puncture, or the use of trans-tracheal ... Brook I. Recovery of anaerobic bacteria from clinical specimens in 12 years at two military hospitals. J Clin Microbiol. Jun ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptostreptococcus

... and includes nearly 100 pieces from the museum's collection. A specimen bottle containing the first appendix removed through a ... and their muscle and blood systems. The medical exhibition occupies 330 square metres (3,500 sq ft) of space, ... The permanent collection also contain a number of smaller collections. The CN Photo Collection is a collection of 750,000 ... The collection was donated to the museum by Canadian National Railway in 1999. The Petrovic collection is a collection of over ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada_Science_and_Technology_Museum

The tests in the EDL are assessed using the REASSURED criteria; real time connectivity, ease of specimen collection, affordable ... and disease-specific tests for blood screening laboratories. For each group of tests, the EDL specifies the test's name, ... For each group of tests, the EDL specifies the test's name, purpose, assay format and type of specimen. Supporting WHO ... purpose, assay format and type of specimen. Without reliable tests, health care providers rely mainly on empirical treatments, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHO_model_list_of_essential_in_vitro_diagnostics

Diagnostics provided by community paramedics include: specimen collection (blood, urine, swabs), electrocardiogram ... Treatments provided by community paramedics include: fluid rehydration, blood transfusions, urinary catheterization, wound ... blood pressure assessment by auscultation and palpation, chest auscultation, oropharyngeal airway suctioning, administration of ... intravenous lines without medications or blood products). EMRs may administer naloxone and epinephrine by generally an auto- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramedics_in_Canada

... conference on biobank specimens Mayo Clinic on biobanking Short Public TV episode on museum Collections Biospecimen Collection ... processing and archiving of human blood and urine". International Journal of Epidemiology. 37 (2): 234-244. doi:10.1093/ije/ ... Such a specimen would be taken by sampling so as to be representative of any other specimen taken from the source of the ... Quality criteria for specimens depends on the study being considered and there is not a universal standard specimen type. DNA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_specimen

i) Collection or accession occurs when a specimen arrives at the biorepository. Information about the specimen is entered into ... Biorepositories store many different types of specimens, including samples of blood, urine, tissue, cells, DNA, RNA, and ... A worldwide listing of active biobanks and biorepositories Clinical Specimens Database and Specimen Collections Repository ... The biorepository maintains the quality of specimens in its collection and ensures that they are accessible for scientific ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biorepository

Localities of collection include coastal (west and south) and inland sites (north). The Namibia specimens were collected from ... Genetic sequencing of blood found in N. namaqua show a wide diversity of lizard hosts. The estimation for the genus' age ... As of 1980, only eighteen specimens had been collected. In a 2011 study, that number was increased to fifty-one total specimens ... implications for the evolution of blood-feeding in ticks". PLoS ONE. 6 (8): e23675. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...623675M. doi:10.1371/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuttalliella

H. influenzae will grow in the hemolytic zone of Staphylococcus aureus on blood agar plates; the hemolysis of cells by S. ... Gram stained and microscopic observation of a specimen of H. influenzae will show Gram-negative coccobacillus. The cultured ... Use of antibiotics prior to sample collection greatly reduces the isolation rate by killing the bacteria before identification ... The ideal CO2 concentration for the culture is ~5%. Blood agar growth is only achieved as a satellite phenomenon around other ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haemophilus_influenzae

His collection of 3,700 specimens was bought by Henry Seebohm and this was subsequently bequeathed to the Liverpool Museum. ... of whose warm-blooded vertebrates we possess fuller or more accurate knowledge than we do of the coast districts of China and ... He collected both live animals and specimens on his travels and regularly sent them to the London Zoo. The first Pere David's ... He returned to England in 1862 with his collection. Many of the birds were first described in John Gould's Birds of Asia (1863 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Swinhoe

He built up a collection of living animals whose skeletons and other organs he prepared as anatomical specimens, eventually ... Hunter heavily researched blood while bloodletting patients with various diseases. This helped him develop his theory that ... In 1799, the government purchased Hunter's collection of papers and specimens, which it presented to the Company of Surgeons. ... and the Hunterian Museum at the Royal College of Surgeons preserves his name and his collection of anatomical specimens. It ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hunter_(surgeon)

It is essential to follow a standard procedure for the collection of blood specimens to get accurate laboratory results. Any ... The volume of the blood sample collection is very important in experimental animals. All nonterminal blood collection without ... Collection from infants and children are 1 to 5 mL. If too little blood is collected, the ratio of blood-to-nutrient broth will ... These bottles also allow for collection of other blood specimens via evacuated tubes, to be collected without additional ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venipuncture

... and that in many cases in which the necessity of specimens is claimed, new technology such as digital photography and blood ... Freeze drying of whole specimens, especially of small birds, has been adopted for use in teaching collections. Bird collections ... the largest of which contain hundreds of thousands of specimens. Bird collections function much like libraries, with specimens ... Most modern specimens also include a tissue sample preserved for genetic study. Online access to collections' data is becoming ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird_collections

This type of care usually involves the following duties: Specimen collection (blood or bodily fluid) Venipuncture procedures or ... For example: a technician will be given blood cultures (a lab specimen collected to verify the growth of bacterium in the blood ... MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Blood culture MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Glucose screening and tolerance tests during pregnancy (CS1 ... Duties will often include lifting, prolonged standing, blood-draw, and patient bathing needs. Each job performed will have ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthcare_technician

It is also a pest of museums and collections when it attacks biological specimens such as dried insects and taxidermy. In ... readily attacks plant-based and synthetic materials if they have animal fibers integrated into them or are stained with blood, ... Furs can be protected in cold storage, and museum specimens may be frozen. An insecticide is sometimes used, mainly around ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthrenus_flavipes

He noted that some wolf skull specimens appeared not to be full-blooded wolves as their molars indicated a hybrid. There have ... G. K. Warren gathered together a collection of this wolf's skulls which now reside in the National Museum of Natural History. ... In 1995, the American mammalogist Robert M. Nowak analyzed data on the skull morphology of wolf specimens from around the world ... study compared the mitochondrial DNA sequences of modern wolves from across North America with those from thirty-four specimens ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Plains_wolf

1816). A Complete Collection of State Trials and Proceedings for High Treason and Other Crimes and Misdemeanors from the ... In the same year, Cranmer produced the Defence of the True and Catholic Doctrine of the Sacrament of the Body and Blood of ... The exiles' propaganda concentrated on publishing various specimens of his writings. Eventually John Foxe put Cranmer's story ... "The Sufficiently Abundant Collections") and The Determinations, historical and theological support for the argument that the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Cranmer

Golden States (1984) A Home at the End of the World (1990) Flesh and Blood (1995) The Hours (1998) Specimen Days (2005) By ... collection of 11 short stories: "Dis. Enchant.", "A Wild Swan", "Crazy Old Lady", "Jacked", "Poisoned", "A Monkey's Paw", " ... metacritic entry on "Specimen Days"[dead link] "For Every Atom Belonging to Me: Poet Michael Cunningham", Radio Netherlands ... Nightfall (2010) The Snow Queen (2014) Collections: A Wild Swan and Other Tales (2015), Farrar, Straus and Giroux ISBN 978- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Cunningham

In microscopy, India Ink is used to circle mounted specimens like diatoms or radiolarians for better finding them on the slide ... Medical researchers use India ink to visualize blood vessels when viewed under a microscope. Scientists performing Western ... 57(6): 1858-1859 ASM.org History of Tattoos, The Tattoo Collection, No Date Published "India Ink" . New International ... In pathology laboratories, India ink is applied to surgically removed tissue specimens to maintain orientation and indicate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_ink

E.S. Eaton would later sell his collection of specimens from multiple sites in eastern Canada to a collector from Kentville, ... Evidence of organic material has also been recovered from blood residue on hunting tools that archaeologists have identified as ... The collection was later stored at Mt. St.Vincent University following the death of Dennis, who left the collection to the ... The collection was later allocated to the Nova Scotia Museum of Science in Halifax Nova Scotia. In September 1962, D.S. Byers, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debert_Palaeo-Indian_Site

They drained blood and caused painful skin sores that became infected, causing lion numbers to crash from 75-100 to 12. The ... It is considered to be the seat of humanity after the discovery of the earliest known specimens of the human genus, Homo ... Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority Ngorongoro crater facts Explore Ngorongoro Conservation Area in the UNESCO collection on ... Drought in 1961 and rains throughout the 1962 dry season caused a massive build-up of blood-sucking stable flies (Stomoxys ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngorongoro_Conservation_Area

A bronze tripod ewer, with spout and handle, almost identical to the Lindston Loch specimen, was found at nearby Skeldon. The ... Archived 17 December 2011 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved : 29 January 2012 Archaeological & Historical Collections relating ... and my blood sallies at the remembrance." Loch Fergus Martnaham Loch Snipe Loch Carcluie Loch MacIntosh, Pages 37 & 39 Smith, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindston_Loch,_South_Ayrshire

... history of tick exposure and possibly testing for specific antibodies in the blood. Blood tests are often negative in the early ... However, PCR tests are susceptible to false positive results, e.g. by detection of debris of dead Borrelia cells or specimen ... with collections of I. dammini [scapularis] from Shelter Island, New York, a known Lyme-endemic area as part of an ongoing ... If the removed tick is full of blood a single dose of doxycycline may be used to prevent the development of infection but is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyme_disease

This was James' first book of literary criticism, and it's no surprise he made it a collection of essays about French writers ( ... as specimens, a rhapsody on plumcake and eau de Cologne." This was indicative of how James would portray evil in his own ... an affair of blood and carrion and physical sickness-there must be stinking corpses and starving prostitutes and empty laudanum ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Poets_and_Novelists

The collection specimens are an important cornerstone of research infrastructure in that each specimen can be re-examined and ... Why blood is not enough". Ostrich. 75 (4): 187-191. doi:10.2989/00306520409485442. S2CID 5957433. Bates; S J Hackett; RM Zink, ... For example, in 2012, Field Museum's Zoology collection processed 419 specimen loans, shipping over 42,000 specimens to ... Many of Field Museum's collections rank among the top ten collections in the world, e.g., the bird skin collection ranks fourth ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_Museum_of_Natural_History

Lahore: Blood on the Tracks. Archived 8 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine Second Islamic Summit Conference Archived 14 ... The Sikhs warring band invaded after the decline of the Mughal Empire in Punjab and created a collection of autonomous Misls, ... no specimens of Hindu architecture exist dating earlier than the tenth or eleventh century. In 682 AD, according to Ferishta, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Lahore

The idol is in Dryden Vos's collection in the 2018 movie Solo: A Star Wars Story. The idol is on display in a museum in the ... although the specimen from which it was modeled is carved of greenstone, attributed to the Aztec culture, and is currently on ... third level of the 1998 video game Blood II: The Chosen. The idol makes an appearance in the 2012 video game Call of Duty: ... The film prop idol was based on the actual Dumbarton Oaks birthing figure in the pre-Columbian collection at Dumbarton Oaks. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Idol

"It is my view that if Americans are to be asked to shed their blood in the jungles of El Salvador, all Americans should first ... a throwback to the blackest specimen from the wilds. - Robert C. Byrd, in a letter to Sen. Theodore Bilbo (D-MS), 1944 In 1946 ... Byrd Congressional Papers Collection". Archived from the original on March 13, 2015. Retrieved March 16, 2015. Appearances on C ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Byrd

The test specimen looks like the one shown in Figure 4. The pendulum swings down and strikes the specimen against an anvil ... Heat sealing also is used in the manufacturing of bloodtest film and filter media for the blood, virus and many other test ... sample collection trays and containers used for food products. Medical and the Food Industries manufacturing Bag or flexible ... The rate at which the specimen is pulled depends on the material. Additionally, the shape of the specimen is also critical. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic_welding

... or by bacterial action in cultured blood specimens. Most causes of in vitro hemolysis are related to specimen collection. ... In vitro hemolysis can be caused by improper technique during collection of blood specimens, by the effects of mechanical ... After the blood collection process, in vitro hemolysis can still occur in a sample due to external factors, such as prolonged ... machinery is used for intraoperative blood salvage. A centrifuge process takes blood from the patient, washes the red blood ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemolysis

"Collection: G. D. Hsiung Papers".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) "Edith Hsiung". medicine.yale.edu. Retrieved 2021- ... VA hospitals nationwide were able to send frozen virus specimens overnight to Hsiung in West Haven, and receive a diagnosis ... The isolation by Hsiung of a parainfluenza virus serologically related to SV5, the DA myxovirus, from human blood and the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G._D._Hsiung

Ultrasound can show the free fluid collection in the right iliac fossa, along with a visible appendix with increased blood flow ... Notably, appendix cancer is found incidentally in about 1% of appendectomy specimens. Pathology diagnosis of appendicitis can ... While there is no laboratory test specific for appendicitis, a complete blood count (CBC) is done to check for signs of ... This blockage leads to increased pressures in the appendix, decreased blood flow to the tissues of the appendix, and bacterial ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appendicitis

Culture collection are also repositories of type strains. For solid plate cultures of thermophilic microorganisms such as ... Colony-forming unit Blood culture Microbial dark matter Microbial Food Cultures Screening cultures Sputum culture Synchronous ... Developing pure culture techniques is crucial to the observation of the specimen in question. The most common method to isolate ... Microbial culture collections focus on the acquisition, authentication, production, preservation, catalogueing and distribution ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbiological_culture

Complete specimens have been found at sites in the Tarim Basin and Gobi Desert such as Niya, Qum Darya, and Shombuuziin-Belchir ... Collection Catalogue. Moscow. Reisinger, Michaela R. (2010). "New Evidence About Composite Bows and Their Arrows in Inner Asia ... In times of starvation, they may have boiled their horses' blood for food. Ancient sources uniformly deny that the Huns ... It is therefore futile to speculate about identity or blood relationships between H(s)iung-nu, Hephthalites, and Attila's Huns ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huns

Men with high blood pressure are more likely to develop prostate cancer. A small increase in risk is associated with lack of ... The test result is currently reported as a specimen ratio of PCA3 mRNA to PSA mRNA. The PCA3 test attempts to help decide ... May 2019). "PEOPLE: PatiEnt prOstate samPLes for rEsearch, a tissue collection pathway utilizing magnetic resonance imaging ... Elevated blood testosterone levels may increase risk. Genetics may affect risk, as suggested by associations with race, family ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostate_cancer

1st Annual Collection) (1972) 05476 SF Lester Del Rey (ed.) Best Science Fiction Stories of the Year (2nd Annual Collection) ... S-141 NA Oliver Crawford Blood on the Branches (1956) S-142 NA Glenn M. Barns Masquerade in Blue (1956) S-143 NA Harry ... Piper Space Viking 77782 SF Mack Reynolds Space Visitor 77783 SF Mack Reynolds Space Visitor 77791 SF Fred Saberhagen Specimens ... 4th Annual Collection) (1977) 05479 SF Lester Del Rey (ed.) Best Science Fiction Stories of the Year (5th Annual Collection) ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Ace_single_volumes

Instead, the blood, potash, and iron sulfate reacted to create a compound known as iron ferrocyanide, which, unlike the desired ... Blue and green pigments in the paintings by Watteau, Lancret and Pater in the collection of Frederick II of Prussia". Techné. ... Prussian blue is a common histopathology stain used by pathologists to detect the presence of iron in biopsy specimens, such as ... The pigment is believed to have been accidentally created when Diesbach used potash tainted with blood to create some red ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prussian_blue

In the United Kingdom and Ireland, the northern goshawk was extirpated in the 19th century because of specimen collectors and ... The effect of modern-day collection of northern goshawks for falconry purposes is unclear, unlike some falcon species which can ... injuries and blood loss. Research has indicated that attacks on humans are mostly done by adult females (more than 80% of the ... "Northern goshawk media". Internet Bird Collection. Northern goshawk species account - Cornell Lab of Ornithology Northern ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_goshawk

395-396 Blood of Spain, Ronald Fraser p. 415, collective letter of bishops of Spain, addressed to the bishops of the world. ... The Christian faithful are therefore not permitted to imagine that the Church of Christ is nothing more than a collection- ... ISBN 978-0-547-34716-5. D'Agostino, Peter R. (2010). "'Utterly Faithless Specimens': Italians in the Catholic Church in America ... The words of consecration reflect the words spoken by Jesus during the Last Supper, where Christ offered his body and blood to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church

Viremia (the presence of the virus in the blood) is rare. The virus is shed in saliva and eye and nasal secretions, and can ... a collection of viral particles) within the nucleus of infected cells. Polyprenyl immunostimulant is the only currently- ... "Detection of feline herpesvirus 1 DNA in skin biopsy specimens from cats with or without dermatitis". Journal of the American ... as these terms describe other very distinct collections of respiratory symptoms, they are misnomers for the condition. Viral ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feline_viral_rhinotracheitis

The blood pressure raising and vasoconstrictive effects of adrenal extracts were of particular interest to surgeons as ... ISBN 978-1-74114-579-3. "A Collection of Articles on Disease Mongering". Public Library of Science. Archived from the original ... Truong LD, Shen SS, Park MH, Krishnan B (February 2009). "Diagnosing nonneoplastic lesions in nephrectomy specimens". Archives ... Novo S, Lunetta M, Evola S, Novo G (January 2009). "Role of ARBs in the blood hypertension therapy and prevention of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry

Walker, F. (1848). List of the specimens of dipterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. part 1. London: British ... 1924). "The blood-sucking arthropods of the Dutch East Indian Archipelago. IV. The tabanids from Buru. The genera Tabanus and ... Shiraki, T. (1918). Blood-sucking insects of Formosa. Part I. Tabanidae (with Japanese species). Taihoku: Agricultural ... Austen, E.E. (1906). "On some blood-sucking and other Diptera from the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan collected during the year 1905, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Chrysops_species

"Collections Search". collections-search.bfi.org.uk. BFI - British Film Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-08-01. ... Massive amounts of blood were drained from some prisoners in order to study the effects of blood loss according to former Unit ... The Togo Unit employed gruesome tactics to secure specimens of select body organs. If Ishii or one of his co-workers wished to ... injected with animal blood, notably with horse blood; exposed to lethal doses of X-rays; subjected to various chemical weapons ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_731

... "a full-blooded specimen of the nonsense of Genius" and a "lively, audacious piece of extravaganza". George Eliot, in The ... The collection of sonnets entitled Modern Love (1862) also traces the decline of a marriage and has been described by Dorothy ... General Collection, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University. (Articles incorporating Cite DNB template, ... Wayback Machine at The University of Adelaide Library Archival material at Leeds University Library George Meredith Collection ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Meredith

The Anatomical Collections are made up of bones and body parts. More than 5,000 skeletal specimens and 10,000 preserved organs ... stained with Lincoln's blood. In 2010 the heirs of American pathologist Thomas Harvey (1912-2007) transferred all of his ... The AMM was established during the American Civil War as a center for the collection of specimens for research in military ... The NMHM embodies five collections consisting of about 25 million artifacts, including 5,000 skeletal specimens, 8,000 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Museum_of_Health_and_Medicine

The US is experiencing significant interruptions in the supply of sodium citrate blood specimen collection (light blue top) ... 06/14/2021: Lab Alert: Sodium Citrate Blood Specimen Collection Tubes in Short Supply. ... tubes in routine collections of a variety of specimens at the time of other blood sampling or IV insertion. ... Limit allocation of 1.8mL sodium citrate (light blue top) tubes for difficult blood collections. ...

https://www.cdc.gov/locs/2021/06-14-2021-lab-alert-Sodium_Citrate_Blood_Specimen_Collection_Tubes.html

... 0-9. A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. ... All of IRISCommunities & CollectionsBy Issue DateAuthorsTitlesSubjectsThis CollectionBy Issue DateAuthorsTitlesSubjects ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/handle/10665/197911/browse?authority=Blood+Specimen+Collection&type=mesh

Notice of Availability of Specimens from Two Blood Donor Biorepository Collections NOT-HL-13-174. NHLBI ... the Blood Centers of the Pacific (BCP; San Francisco, CA); and the Oklahoma Blood Institute (Oklahoma City, OK). Specimens for ... This Notice from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) is to announce the availability of specimens collected ... of the five blood centers racial/ethnic groups. Donor screening and testing was performed according to blood centers standard ...

https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-HL-13-174.html

... offers some home blood test kits that are performed with home specimen collection kits from our Specialty Labs. ... In this case, bring the complete kit to the lab where they will draw the blood and promptly mail the kit once the specimen is ... Some of the testing offered by DirectLabs® is performed with home specimen collection kits from our Specialty Labs. *Home test ... Prior to collection, inform the lab that all you need is a blood draw. ...

https://www.directlabs.com/main/home-kits-requiring-a-blood-draw/

... J Nutr. 2001 May;131(5):1631S-6S. doi: ... These activities have created a mechanism for the validation of the filter paper blood collection device and the ... provides an independent evaluation of filter papers approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the collection of blood ... to evaluate and improve the quality of their newborn-screening testing efforts by providing quality control dried blood spot ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11340130/

Use of filter paper for the collection and analysis of human whole blood specimens J V Mei 1 , J R Alexander, B W Adam, W H ... Use of filter paper for the collection and analysis of human whole blood specimens J V Mei et al. J Nutr. 2001 May. ... Performance properties of filter paper devices for whole blood collection. Mei JV, Zobel SD, Hall EM, De Jesús VR, Adam BW, ... Effect of blood volume on analytical bias in dried blood spots prepared for newborn screening external quality assurance. Moat ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11340130

Everything you need in one place to take blood samples or collect urine for testing Kit contents: 1- kit box with biohazard ... The Post-mortem Blood Urine Specimen kit is designed specifically for gathering specimens from a deceased body. ... 1- Blood tube and urine bottle holder with security flap. 1- 100ml Urine specimen bottle 2- 10ml blood collection tubes ... The Post-mortem Blood Urine Specimen kit is designed specifically for gathering specimens from a deceased body. Everything you ...

https://www.sirchie.com/postmortem-blood-urine-specimen-kit.html

Operational and patient burden considerations for self-collection of blood specimens in clinical trials ... Self-collection of blood specimens in clinical trials starts out like specimen collection at investigator sites in that a ... This paradigm involves sending specimen collection devices directly to patients, who then collect their own blood specimen and ... Blood self-collection devices. A variety of innovators are at various stages of blood self-collection device development. The ...

https://www.appliedclinicaltrialsonline.com/view/self-collection-of-blood-specimens-in-clinical-trials

Start Over You searched for: Subjects Blood Specimen Collection ✖Remove constraint Subjects: Blood Specimen Collection ...

https://collections.nlm.nih.gov/?f%5Bdrep2.subjectAggregate%5D%5B%5D=Blood+Specimen+Collection&per_page=10&range%5BdrepX.yearStartInt%5D%5Bbegin%5D=1950&range%5BdrepX.yearStartInt%5D%5Bend%5D=1959

Collection of Diagnostic Venous Blood Specimens, at CLSI. Find this and other general laboratory standards documents in the ... Collection of Diagnostic Venous Blood Specimens, 7th Edition. This standard provides procedures for the collection of ... GP41 Free Overview Webinar , Collection of Diagnostic Venous Blood Specimens. AUTO12 , Specimen Labels: Content and Location, ... diagnostic specimens by venipuncture, including line collections, blood culture collection, and venipuncture in children. ...

https://clsi.org/standards/products/general-laboratory/documents/gp41/

Biological Specimens Collection. The biospecimens collected in NHANES 2013-2014 include:. Blood. Blood was collected from ... Collection procedures varied based on the specimen types. Please refer to the 2013-2014 Laboratory Procedures Manual for more ... The amount of blood drawn varied by age. Blood was processed and aliquoted into vials for storage in the MEC. The vials were ... In 2014, participants who completed the initial 24-hour urine collection were also asked to collect another two urine specimens ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/continuousnhanes/overviewlab.aspx?BeginYear=2013

Specimen stability. Whole blood specimens should be analyzed within 15-30 minutes of collection. If this is not possible, the ... If the specimen cannot be analyzed within 1 hour, the preferred specimen is serum. The specimen should be centrifuged, and the ... On ice, the specimen is stable for at least 2 hours; however, if concurrent potassium testing is requested on the same specimen ... C31-A2 Ionized Calcium Determinations: Precollection Variables, Specimen Choice, Collection, and Handling; Approved Guideline ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2087447-overview

Blood or pus in stool. 90 (9.3). 20 (9.0). 0.91. Medical history. ... Misdiagnosis of Clostridioides difficile Infections by Standard-of-Care Specimen Collection and Testing among Hospitalized ... Misdiagnosis of Clostridioides difficile Infections by Standard-of-Care Specimen Collection and Testing among Hospitalized ... Study stool specimen collected, n = 1,047. Study stool specimen not collected, n = 236. p value. ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/29/5/22-1618-t5

Start Over You searched for: Subjects Blood Specimen Collection ✖Remove constraint Subjects: Blood Specimen Collection ... Specimen Handling. Adolescent. Blood Specimen Collection. Child. Clinical Laboratory Techniques. Infant. Humans. Pennsylvania. ...

https://collections.nlm.nih.gov/?f%5Bdrep2.subjectAggregate%5D%5B%5D=Blood+Specimen+Collection&per_page=50&range%5BdrepX.yearStartInt%5D%5Bbegin%5D=2000&range%5BdrepX.yearStartInt%5D%5Bend%5D=2023&sort=drep3.titleSortForm+asc

Results of search for su:{Blood specimen collection.} Refine your search. *. Availability. * Limit to currently available ...

https://kohahq.searo.who.int/cgi-bin/koha/opac-search.pl?q=su:%7BBlood%20specimen%20collection.%7D

Collection/Transport. Collect. Whole blood in a Lavender top tube [EDTA].. Specimen Preparation. Onsite [NJH]: Transport to lab ... Clotted specimens will be rejected.. Storage Transport Temp. Offsite: Send whole blood Priority Overnight via FedEx and in a ... Specimen Guidelines. Specimen Shipping. Services. Complement Analysis. Immune System. Molecular Genomics. Mycobacteriology. ... Pediatric Collection. Minimum volume: 1 mL whole blood. Unacceptable Conditions. ...

https://www.nationaljewish.org/for-professionals/diagnostic-testing/adx/tests/cbc-with-platelet-and-auto-non-differential

Collection Information. Specimen Required. 3-5 mL Whole Blood. Container Type. Lavender (EDTA) ... Collection Instructions. Whole blood collected in an EDTA (royal blue-top), sodium heparin (green-top) or a lithium heparin ( ...

https://www.rchsd.org/lab-test/ugt1a1-gene-polymorphism-ta-repeat-17813x/

... blood in the stool. This test is commonly used for colorectal cancer screening, especially in developed nations. Colon cancer ... FIT uses antibodies to discern blood in the stool. These newer modalities have replaced the FOBT for colon cancer screening due ... The fecal occult blood test (FOBT) is a diagnostic test to assess for hidden (occult) ... Specimen Collection. The fecal occult blood test (FOBT) can be performed in the inpatient or outpatient setting. In the ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537138/

The NCEP Report of the Expert Panel on Blood Cholesterol levels in Children and Adolescents recommends screening lipid panels ... Collection and Panels. Triglycerides. See the list below:. * Patient preparation - Fasting specimen ... Guideline] NCEP: Highlights of the report of the Expert Panel on Blood Cholesterol Levels in Children and Adolescent. ... 2013 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Treatment of Blood Cholesterol to Reduce Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk in Adults: A Report ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/2074115-193292/what-is-the-composition-of-triglycerides

Logistics for specimen transfers will be coordinated by the Tissue Bank Coordinator in collaboration with the donating ... Collecting and Handling Blood Samples during Surgery:. *Collect after anesthesia but before any tissue resection or blood ... Specimen Collection Instructions For Surgeons (REBDTB). Prior to the surgery date the REBDTB will send a specimen collection ... specimen collection instructions, non-identifiable clinical data collection sheet and any other relevant information/materials ...

https://www.uclahealth.org/medical-services/pediatric-neurosurgery/conditions-treatment/pediatric-epilepsy-surgery/rare-epilepsies-brain-disease-tissue-bank-rebdtb/specimen-collection-instructions-surgeons

Specimen Collection. Specimen Collection. Blood Collection Needles. Lab Shipping Containers. Lab Storage Containers. ...

https://www.earthturns.com/shop-by-department/medical-supplies/clinical-laboratory/specimen-collection/specimen-collection-and-transport-containers

Blood collection for an antibody immunoassay. Source: CDC/ James Gathany (2004). Submitting Good Quality Specimens to the DSHS ... Public Health/Clinical Specimen Collection Kits. Specimen collection and shipping supplies are available to providers for ... Mycobacteriology/TB Specimen Collection, Transport, and Storage (links to mycobacteriology (AFB) specimen collection guidelines ... Bacteriology Specimen Collection, Transport, and Storage (links to the bacteriology specimen collection guidance) ...

https://www.dshs.texas.gov/laboratory-services/laboratory-testing-services-manual-guidelines-specimen-collection-submission

To request a copy of the Specimen Collection and Shipping Manifest form for urine and blood specimens, please contact the ... Collect Specimens.. Following a chemical exposure incident, collect blood and urine samples for each adult involved. For ... Package and Ship Specimens.. After collecting the samples, package and ship them to the appropriate laboratory destination ... View this flowchart for directions on how to collect blood and urine samples from potentially exposed individuals:. *Chemical ...

https://emergency.cdc.gov/chemical/lab.asp

Blood Specimen Collection [‎1]‎. Budgets [‎5]‎. Communicable Disease Control [‎1]‎. Drug and Narcotic Control [‎1]‎. ...

https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/137543/browse?locale-attribute=zh&type=mesh

Specimen collection and preparation. The specimen shall be serum or plasma separated from a venipuncture collected blood sample ... Sample collection and processing. About 4 cc of whole blood was drawn from antecubital vein from each patient as well as ... Sample collection, handling and storage. Freshly collected serum samples are used. Blood withdrawal must follow national ... Centrifuge the specimen for separating serum or plasma from the cells.. Samples are refrigerated at 2-8°C for maximum period of ...

https://journals.lww.com/jfmpc/Fulltext/2023/04000/Study_of_thyroid_disorders_in_vitiligo.5.aspx

A blood culture is a laboratory test to check for bacteria or other germs in a blood sample. ... Specimen collection and handling for diagnosis of infectious diseases. In: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, eds. Henrys Clinical ... A blood sample is needed.. The site where blood will be drawn is first cleaned with an antiseptic such as chlorhexidine. This ... Patel R. The clinician and the microbiology laboratory: test ordering, specimen collection, and result interpretation. In: ...

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003744.htm

Enrollment and specimen collection for the Pease Study has ended. Blood testing for PFAS is not a routine test offered by most ... All specimen and data collection has ended. CDC and ATSDR are now processing and analyzing blood samples. Participants who ... My test results show PFAS in my blood, should I be concerned?. Test results show how much of each PFAS is in your blood at the ... CDC/ATSDR is processing and analyzing blood and urine samples and will mail individual results to participants. CDC/ATSDR will ...

https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/pfas/activities/pease.html

Patients undergo collection of blood every 1-3 months during radium Ra 223 dichloride treatment. ... Biological Sample Collection. *Biospecimen Collected. *Specimen Collection. Other: Questionnaire Administration Ancillary ... Procedure: Biospecimen Collection Undergo collection of blood samples. Other Names: * ... Patients undergo collection of blood every 1-3 months during radium Ra 223 dichloride treatment. ...

https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04489719

Samples are processed within 1 hour of blood collection to ensure thermal preservation. The Laboratory recently purchased a new ... Additionally, the Laboratory works to reduce costs of assays by centralizing the purchase of common supplies used in specimen ... This web-based tool is customizable and provides quick, reliable, and accurate accounting for clinical specimens stored with ... The acquisition process involves preparation of tubes for blood draw to achieve the lowest levels of degradation. ...

https://www.niddk.nih.gov/research-funding/at-niddk/cores-support-services/clinical-laboratory-core

Collection and Panels. Specifics for collection and panels are as follows:. * Specimen type: Blood serum ... Other instructions: (1) fasting specimen (for infants, draw prior to next feeding) and (2) send specimen tube in light- ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2088716-overview

This paradigm involves sending specimen collection devices directly to patients, who then collect their own blood specimen and send it to a laboratory for testing. (appliedclinicaltrialsonline.com)
Most of the time a central laboratory sets up a study database, and creates specimen collection kits that are study, investigator, and visit specific, and include requisitions and shipping materials. (appliedclinicaltrialsonline.com)
From there the processes diverge in that self-collection kits may be sent directly to a patient's home instead of an investigator or home care specialist, and patients take on the process of collecting, potentially processing, and shipping samples back to the laboratory. (appliedclinicaltrialsonline.com)
Currently, most laboratory tests approved by regulatory authorities are primarily based on venous blood and not capillary blood used by the devices described above. (appliedclinicaltrialsonline.com)
NHANES collects biological specimens (biospecimens) for laboratory analysis to provide detailed information about participants' health and nutritional status. (cdc.gov)
After completing the 24-hour urine collection, participants were instructed to collect these two full voids at home in separate specimen cups and mail them back to the contract laboratory. (cdc.gov)
Each MEC had a laboratory containing a bio-hood, complete blood count (CBC) and differential analyzer, two centrifuges, refrigerators, and freezers. (cdc.gov)
The DSHS Laboratory routinely updates specimen submission forms. (texas.gov)
New versions of updated specimen submission forms with pre-populated submitter information are mailed to active submitters of the DSHS Laboratory. (texas.gov)
For more information on how to obtain DSHS Laboratory Specimen Submission Forms, including current samples of specimen submission forms and instructions, please visit the DSHS submission form information found at https://www.dshs.texas.gov/laboratory-services/laboratory-testing-services-manual-forms-laboratory-fee-schedule Note that the sample submission forms (with watermarks) found at the link above are not to be submitted with specimens. (texas.gov)
An important contributing factor to specimen testing success at the DSHS Laboratory is receiving correctly labeled, satisfactory specimens from our submitters. (texas.gov)
When an unsat specimen is identified, laboratory staff will notify the submitter and in certain cases request another specimen be submitted for testing. (texas.gov)
The laboratory provides educational resources (such as this guidance) to submitters to maximize the number of testable specimens we receive. (texas.gov)
More testable specimens arriving at the laboratory mean more prompt and accurate detection and diagnosis of diseases and disorders for Texans. (texas.gov)
Appropriate shipping of the specimen to the laboratory for testing. (texas.gov)
Please exercise care when submitting specimens to the laboratory and in requesting tests. (texas.gov)
To request a copy of the Specimen Collection and Shipping Manifest form for urine and blood specimens, please contact the Emergency Response Branch's Incident Response Laboratory at [email protected]. (cdc.gov)
A blood culture is a laboratory test to check for bacteria or other germs in a blood sample. (medlineplus.gov)
Patel R. The clinician and the microbiology laboratory: test ordering, specimen collection, and result interpretation. (medlineplus.gov)
The Laboratory performs extensive validation of all assays before conducting routine sample analyses of clinical specimens. (nih.gov)
Additionally, the Laboratory works to reduce costs of assays by centralizing the purchase of common supplies used in specimen analyses and by taking advantage of bulk purchasing discounts. (nih.gov)
The Laboratory recently purchased a new specimen-tracking database. (nih.gov)
This web-based tool is customizable and provides quick, reliable, and accurate accounting for clinical specimens stored with the Clinical Laboratory Core. (nih.gov)
Label all bottles with surname, forename, date of birth and hospital number, source and date of sample collection to ensure accurate identification of sample by laboratory. (epsom-sthelier.nhs.uk)
A serum specimen should ideally accompany PCR test requests for any patient not recently tested in our laboratory. (sutterhealth.org)
We can only bill the hospital, doctor or laboratory where the specimen originated. (sutterhealth.org)
Please be informed that if patient's check does not clear or if credit card payment has been declined, the ordering physician/laboratory where specimens originated will be responsible for the charges. (sutterhealth.org)
11) reported that the preanalytical phase had 46-68% of the total laboratory errors, and most of those errors were encountered during blood sample collection. (who.int)
In the preanalytical stage, venous blood collection is critical because it affects laboratory results. (who.int)
Facilities should have procedures in place that track and support the timely arrival of newborn screening specimens to the contract laboratory. (sd.gov)
Due to the impact of the COVID 19 pandemic in NS, Nova Scotia Health's Laboratory Services are required to ensure there is adequate physical distancing for blood collection services. (nshealth.ca)
Specimens are drawn with a heel prick, and the blood spotted on a special filter paper collection kit which is sent to the laboratory for testing. (oregon.gov)

This Notice from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) is to announce the availability of specimens collected from two Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study population-based biorepository collections: the General Serum Repository (GSR) and General Leukocyte Plasma Repository (GLPR). (nih.gov)
The GSR was collected between 1991 and 1994 and consists of serum from 508,151 blood donations. (nih.gov)
We have found via correlation studies, that some analytes may require redefining specific reference ranges for capillary blood, serum, or plasma. (appliedclinicaltrialsonline.com)
If the specimen cannot be analyzed within 1 hour, the preferred specimen is serum. (medscape.com)
The specimen should be centrifuged, and the serum or plasma should be removed from the cells within 2 hours of collection. (medscape.com)
Our specimen requirement for serological testing is 2ml [minimum 0.5, but this amount may be insufficient for repeat testing of serum. (sutterhealth.org)
Please centrifuge the specimen, and if possible, send serum only. (sutterhealth.org)
Serum specimens can be sent at ambient temperature as long as the sample is sent to us overnight. (sutterhealth.org)
Can serum and PCR specimens be mailed/sent in the same bag? (sutterhealth.org)
Why must I send the mother's serum along with the baby's specimen? (sutterhealth.org)
Collect 2-3 ml of blood in a red top or serum separator tube. (trinitybiotech.com)
If possible, separate serum from clot and place into white tube provided with Immco Diagnostics' collection kits. (trinitybiotech.com)
B. Separate the serum by centrifugation at approximately 200 rcf within two (2) to three (3) hours after collection. (drugs.com)

This standard provides procedures for the collection of diagnostic specimens by venipuncture, including line collections, blood culture collection, and venipuncture in children. (clsi.org)

Female and male participants aged 14-59 were asked to self-collect a vaginal or penile specimen using a sterile swab. (cdc.gov)
In the OR place a block of tissue encompassing gray and subcortical white matter (please provide as much as is feasible) from the area of pathology directly into a sterile specimen container filled with 60 mL of cold sterile Hibernate®-A (Life Technologies). (uclahealth.org)
Place a block of tissue from the area of very involved brain and second block form the area no so involved, but part of the planned resection, into separate empty sterile specimen containers filled with 60 mL of cold sterile Hibernate®-A. (uclahealth.org)

This article focuses on devices that can potentially enable patients to collect their own blood in their homes for clinical trials. (appliedclinicaltrialsonline.com)
The following devices require a lancet, or have a self-contained lancet, and finger prick to collect via a dried blood spot format. (appliedclinicaltrialsonline.com)
A random half of those who completed the initial 24-hour urine collection were recruited to collect a second 24-hour urine specimen 3 to 10 days later. (cdc.gov)
In 2014, participants who completed the initial 24-hour urine collection were also asked to collect another two urine specimens: a void in the evening and the first void the following morning. (cdc.gov)
Collect a minimum of 5 mL of blood via arterial line or vein into a blood tube with containing anticoagulant (e.g. green-top heparin tube or purple-top EDTA-Citrate tube). (uclahealth.org)
Collect Specimens. (cdc.gov)
Following a chemical exposure incident, collect blood and urine samples for each adult involved. (cdc.gov)
A. Collect whole blood without anticoagulant and allow it to clot at room temperature. (drugs.com)

The protocol included both home phlebotomy and the use of self-collection devices. (appliedclinicaltrialsonline.com)
Blood samples will be collected by ordinary blood drawing (phlebotomy) or by apheresis, a procedure for collecting a larger quantity of blood cells or plasma than would be possible through simple blood drawing. (nih.gov)
Phlebotomy is a technique of blood drawing in which the needle is temporarily inserted into a suitable vein (1). (who.int)

A full description of the GSR and GLPR studies and how to apply for samples online is available on the NHLBI Biologic Specimen and Data Repositories Information Coordinating Center ( BioLINCC ) website. (nih.gov)
Through technological innovation there are several devices under development for potential self-collection of dried blood spot and liquid blood samples. (appliedclinicaltrialsonline.com)
In some immunological methods, collection devices with liquid preservatives are used, and samples from patients can be collected by smearing the stools onto the card provided. (nih.gov)
Samples should not be collected if blood is visible in the stools or urine (e.g., menstruation, active hemorrhoids, or urinary tract infection). (nih.gov)
CDC/ATSDR is processing and analyzing blood and urine samples and will mail individual results to participants. (cdc.gov)
Samples are processed within 1 hour of blood collection to ensure thermal preservation. (nih.gov)
They may give urine, blood, and saliva samples. (nih.gov)
The NIAID Vaccine Research Center is collecting blood samples from adults ages 18 years of age or older who are fully recovered from confirmed COVID-19 infection. (nih.gov)
If you're sending multiples samples, please be sure to place PCR specimens in separate biohazard bags to avoid contamination. (sutterhealth.org)
It calls for rigorous adherence to test procedures and guidelines to ensure patient safety and integrity of blood samples (3). (who.int)

Some kits require a phlebotomist for a blood collection. (directlabs.com)
Technologies and solutions are under development to enable self-collection without the need of a phlebotomist or nurse home visit or a patient visit to an investigator site. (appliedclinicaltrialsonline.com)
Participant's fasting status is assessed by the MEC phlebotomist prior to the blood draw. (cdc.gov)
Blood was collected from participants aged 1 year and older by a phlebotomist at the MEC. (cdc.gov)
Specimens should be collected by the medical officer requesting the test or an experienced and fully trained phlebotomist. (epsom-sthelier.nhs.uk)
Five diverse blood collections by each phlebotomist were observed at each session. (who.int)

however, if concurrent potassium testing is requested on the same specimen, the low temperature leads to a spurious increase in potassium within 1 hour of collection. (medscape.com)
At what temperature should the specimens be sent? (sutterhealth.org)

Collection, preparation and mailing instructions are included in the test kit. (directlabs.com)
Be sure to carefully follow the preparation instructions before collecting specimen. (directlabs.com)
The acquisition process involves preparation of tubes for blood draw to achieve the lowest levels of degradation. (nih.gov)

Over the past several years, and more recently due to the COVID-19 global pandemic, patient centric trial designs have accelerated specimen collection either at home via visiting nurses or phlebotomists, or at retail locations, like a pharmacy or a Quest Diagnostics patient service center. (appliedclinicaltrialsonline.com)
Like home specimen collection, self-collection of specimens in clinical trials, sometimes referred to as patient-centric sampling, may make participation in clinical trials more convenient for patients. (appliedclinicaltrialsonline.com)
Self-collection of blood specimens in clinical trials starts out like specimen collection at investigator sites in that a protocol is developed and patient burden is strongly considered. (appliedclinicaltrialsonline.com)
Another option is for the patient to include a personal check or money order along with the specimen. (sutterhealth.org)

The US is experiencing significant interruptions in the supply of sodium citrate blood specimen collection (light blue top) tubes because of an unprecedented increase in demand and the recent vendor supply challenges, due in part to a recall . (cdc.gov)
Do not include sodium citrate (light blue top) tubes in routine collections of a variety of specimens at the time of other blood sampling or IV insertion. (cdc.gov)
Limit allocation of 1.8mL sodium citrate (light blue top) tubes for difficult blood collections. (cdc.gov)
2- 10ml blood collection tubes containing 100 mg. of sodium fluoride and 20mg. (sirchie.com)
Whole blood collected in an EDTA (royal blue-top), sodium heparin (green-top) or a lithium heparin (green-top) tube is also acceptable. (rchsd.org)
Authorized sodium citrate blood specimen collection tubes are assigned the QPW product code. (fda.gov)

Specimen collection and handling for diagnosis of infectious diseases. (medlineplus.gov)

Invert tubes several times to ensure that the anticoagulant mixes well with the blood. (uclahealth.org)
Remember, blood tubes and urine cups cannot be shipped together in the same package. (cdc.gov)
1. Blood collection tubes. (drugs.com)

In clinical trials self-collection of DNA via saliva and cheek swabs, as well as stool self-collection are also relatively common. (appliedclinicaltrialsonline.com)
Data are presented in descending order of Study stool specimen collected column. (cdc.gov)
The fecal occult blood test (FOBT) is a diagnostic test to assess for hidden (occult) blood in the stool. (nih.gov)
FIT uses antibodies to discern blood in the stool. (nih.gov)
Before stool collection and testing, it is imperative to ensure that the FOBT card and developer are not beyond their expiration dates. (nih.gov)

The Newborn Screening Quality Assurance Program provides an independent evaluation of filter papers approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the collection of blood for clinical tests. (nih.gov)
Study design and protocol writing will need to be carefully considered to expand the use of self-collection in clinical trials where appropriate. (appliedclinicaltrialsonline.com)
Prior to the surgery date the REBDTB will send a specimen collection package to the participating institution containing specimen collection containers, Hibernate-A media, consent forms, documentation of tissue bank approval by UCLA Institutional Review Board (IRB), specimen collection instructions, non-identifiable clinical data collection sheet and any other relevant information/materials. (uclahealth.org)

Correct specimen collection procedure. (texas.gov)

Label the specimen containers with the appropriate anatomic area resected. (uclahealth.org)

Whole blood in a Lavender top tube [EDTA]. (nationaljewish.org)

Newborns routinely have specimens drawn for testing before discharge from the hospital. (oregon.gov)

In normal subjects, the volume of blood lost from the gastrointestinal tract is 0.5 to 1.5 mL per day. (nih.gov)

This structure supports ongoing and routine specimen analyses, charging for the cost of supplies only. (nih.gov)

Transport specimen to pathology reception. (epsom-sthelier.nhs.uk)

Gently invert all bottles as they are removed from the holder, to ensure blood and anticoagulant are mixed to avoid clotting. (epsom-sthelier.nhs.uk)

Please note phlebotomists do not take blood cultures blue - coagulation tests red - no anti-coagulant yellow - gel clot activator pink 7ml size - blood grouping and cross-matching purple 4.5ml size - full blood count grey - glucose. (epsom-sthelier.nhs.uk)
We monitored 120 blood collections by 24 phlebotomists, 16 (66.7%) male, and 8 (33.3%) female, with a mean age of 31.1 years. (who.int)

Upon receipt of the updated specimen submission forms, replace and destroy the older corresponding versions. (texas.gov)
Report availability is within one week from the time of specimen receipt. (trinitybiotech.com)

The biospecimen collection took place in the mobile examination center (MEC). (cdc.gov)

The amount of blood drawn varied by age. (cdc.gov)
The site where blood will be drawn is first cleaned with an antiseptic such as chlorhexidine. (medlineplus.gov)
It contains information about the importance of newborn screening as well as the best time for the second specimen to be drawn (10-15 days). (oregon.gov)

What kind of collection tube is required? (sutterhealth.org)
If separation facilities are not available, the blood can be sent in the tube used for collection. (trinitybiotech.com)

The GLPR was collected in 1994 and 1995 and consists of aliquots of plasma, and whole blood, frozen with or without DMSO, obtained from 147,915 blood donations. (nih.gov)
Performance properties of filter paper devices for whole blood collection. (nih.gov)
Whole blood specimens should be analyzed within 15-30 minutes of collection. (medscape.com)
Offsite: Send whole blood Priority Overnight via FedEx and in a well insulated container on an ice pack. (nationaljewish.org)

The program helps participating laboratories to evaluate and improve the quality of their newborn-screening testing efforts by providing quality control dried blood spot materials and proficiency-testing materials for the external evaluation of screening programs. (nih.gov)
Quick delivery of newborn screening dried blood spot specimens is crucial. (sd.gov)

Specimens for both the GSR and the GLPR repositories were collected according to a statistical sampling plan designed to obtain donations that are representative of the five blood centers' racial/ethnic groups. (nih.gov)

This guidance was developed to address the most frequently encountered reasons for specimen unsats. (texas.gov)

The examining dentist instructed participants aged 14-69 to gargle and swish with mouthwash for 30 seconds and then spit into a specimen container. (cdc.gov)

Home test kits are mailed to you at no charge and most include a prepaid specimen return envelope with the exception of International Orders. (directlabs.com)

How do I send the specimen? (sutterhealth.org)

Place bottles in specimen bag and seal. (epsom-sthelier.nhs.uk)
Place the dried specimen collection card inside the provided envelope and ship it by the contract laboratory's designated courier. (sd.gov)

Results of search for 'su:{Blood specimen collection. (who.int)

The date and time of the last urine void, along with the date, time, and volume of the urine specimen collected in the MEC were used to provide a measurement of urine flow rate. (cdc.gov)
It is important submitting facilities are mindful of the time between collection and shipment. (sd.gov)

The specific device, and its regulatory status, the sample format (liquid or dried blood spot), approach to collection (lancet or device), location of collection (arm/thigh or finger), as well as the blood sample volumes required for the tests should be considered in developing the collection approach. (appliedclinicaltrialsonline.com)

With some infections, bacteria can be found in the blood only intermittently. (medlineplus.gov)

Follow the CDC's instructions for how to package and ship specimens found on this website . (cdc.gov)
Refer to the blood collection location information below for appointment booking instructions. (nshealth.ca)

To avoid contamination of the sample do not take blood from an arm containing a drip or transfusion. (epsom-sthelier.nhs.uk)

Patients undergo collection of blood every 1-3 months during radium Ra 223 dichloride treatment. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Participants may have only one sample collected or may be asked to undergo repeat sample collection procedures, depending upon the requirements of the research project. (nih.gov)

[8] If there is a delay between sample collection and analysis, false-negative results may be seen because of the degradation of the pseudoperoxidase activity of heme in moist feces. (nih.gov)
Previously, medical technicians were responsible for blood sample collection, but in recent decades, this practice has changed and the responsibility is now shared with other health professionals (4). (who.int)

Donor screening and testing was performed according to blood center's standard operating procedures and included tests for anti-HIV (types 1 and 2 after March 1992), anti-HCV, anti-HTLV, HBsAg and anti-HBc, serologic testing for syphilis, and testing for ALT levels. (nih.gov)
We offer a wide variety of important health and wellness blood chemistry tests. (directlabs.com)
Therefore, we reserve the right to withdraw testing services from a submitter in cases of misuse or improper specimen submission since reliable tests cannot be performed on incorrect, inadequate, or substandard specimens. (texas.gov)
Participants may have blood and urine tests. (nih.gov)
The program tests more than 320,000 specimens representing more than 180,000 babies each year and is entirely supported by fees. (oregon.gov)

When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain. (medlineplus.gov)

Collection procedures varied based on the specimen types. (cdc.gov)
Other types of germs, such as a fungus or a virus, may also be found in a blood culture. (medlineplus.gov)

The Tasso device is available in both dried blood spot and liquid collection formats. (appliedclinicaltrialsonline.com)
TAP, by Seventh Sense Biosystems, is available in a liquid collection format, and OneDrawTM from Drawbridge Health, is available in dried blood spot format. (appliedclinicaltrialsonline.com)

Participants aged 6 and older were asked to provide a full void of urine in the MEC using a specimen cup. (cdc.gov)
Participants were scheduled to return to a urine study mobile examination center (UMEC, which was parked next to the regular NHANES MEC) for two visits, one to start their urine collection and a second to return their kits and finish their collection. (cdc.gov)

In addition, liquid anticoagulants such as ACD fluid will dilute the specimen. (drugs.com)

Specimen need not be refrigerated or frozen. (trinitybiotech.com)

It includes information about screening practices, specimen collection, educational services, as well as more information about disorders. (oregon.gov)

In addition to NHLBAC members, the meeting included an ad hoc Board of External Experts (BEE), scientists with research expertise in National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) mission areas, who were recruited for this meeting as a special NHLBAC working group. (nih.gov)
Dr. Gary H. Gibbons, Director of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), called the meeting to order at 12:02 p.m. (nih.gov)

Specimens should be sent using an overnight courier such as FedEx or UPS. (sutterhealth.org)

As lab personnel, you play a crucial role in response to chemical emergencies by collecting, packaging, and shipping specimens to confirm potential chemical exposures. (cdc.gov)

Companies like Ancestry.com and 23andMe have helped make the self-collection of DNA via saliva relatively commonplace. (appliedclinicaltrialsonline.com)

All blood collection services now require booked appointments. (nshealth.ca)
Nova Scotia Health launched an in-home blood collection service due to impacts on public and private blood collection services in the province. (nshealth.ca)

Phosphate (Phosphorus): Reference Range, Interpretation, Collection and Panels (emedicine.medscape.com)

Serum Calcium: Reference Range, Interpretation, Collection and Panels (emedicine.medscape.com)

Gonorrhea Workup: Approach Considerations, Smears With Gram Stain, Isolation Via Culture (medscape.com)

COVID-19-Acute, Recovered and Vaccination Specimen Collection | NIH: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (niaid.nih.gov)

Factor XIII Assay: Reference Range, Interpretation, Collection and Panels (medscape.com)

Lipid Profile (Triglycerides): Reference Range, Interpretation, Collection and Panels (medscape.com)

Anatomy5

Organisms2

Diseases6

Chemicals and Drugs4

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment29

Phenomena and Processes4

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science1

Named Groups1

Health Care12

Geographicals1

Immunosurveillance and the evaluation of national immunization programmes: a population-based approach. (1/1207)

A method for collecting right coronary venous blood samples from conscious dogs. (2/1207)

Reducing bruising after venepuncture. (3/1207)

Randomised controlled trial of paracetamol for heel prick pain in neonates. (4/1207)

Stem cell mobilization with G-CSF alone in breast cancer patients: higher progenitor cell yield by delivering divided doses (2 x 5 microg/kg) compared to a single dose (1 x 10 microg/kg). (5/1207)

Optimal timing for processing and cryopreservation of umbilical cord haematopoietic stem cells for clinical transplantation. (6/1207)

Ultrasound study of heel to calcaneum depth in neonates. (7/1207)

Evaluation of renal function from 99mTc-MAG3 renography without blood sampling. (8/1207)

Blood Specimen Collection

Specimen Handling

Urine Specimen Collection

Laboratories, Hospital

Sensitivity and Specificity

Clinical Laboratory Techniques

Urine

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Bacteriological Techniques

Reagent Kits, Diagnostic

Quality Control

Chlamydia Infections

Time Factors

Disease Outbreaks

Reproducibility of Results

Blood

Paper

United States

Phlebotomy

Evaluation Studies as Topic

Blood Preservation

HIV Seroprevalence

Forensic Medicine

Infant, Newborn

Virology

Ehrlichia

Substance Abuse Detection

Cytomegalovirus

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

DNA, Bacterial

Plasma

AIDS Serodiagnosis

Microbiological Techniques

Cytomegalovirus Infections

Bacteremia

Neonatal Screening

Data Collection

Ehrlichiosis

Neoplastic Cells, Circulating

Filtration

Centrifugation

False Positive Reactions

DNA, Viral

Prospective Studies

Fetal Blood

Seroepidemiologic Studies

Blood Chemical Analysis

Genotype

Virus Cultivation

DNA, Protozoan

Case-Control Studies

Autopsy

Sequence Analysis, DNA

HIV Infections

Immunosurveillance and the evaluation of national immunization programmes: a population-based approach. (1/1207)

A method for collecting right coronary venous blood samples from conscious dogs. (2/1207)

Reducing bruising after venepuncture. (3/1207)

Randomised controlled trial of paracetamol for heel prick pain in neonates. (4/1207)

Stem cell mobilization with G-CSF alone in breast cancer patients: higher progenitor cell yield by delivering divided doses (2 x 5 microg/kg) compared to a single dose (1 x 10 microg/kg). (5/1207)

Optimal timing for processing and cryopreservation of umbilical cord haematopoietic stem cells for clinical transplantation. (6/1207)

Ultrasound study of heel to calcaneum depth in neonates. (7/1207)

Evaluation of renal function from 99mTc-MAG3 renography without blood sampling. (8/1207)

White blood cell differential

Complete blood count

Blood culture

Vacutainer

Arterial blood gas test

Biomedical tissue

Department of Defense Serum Repository

Ornithology

Hogup Cave

Guatemala syphilis experiments

Fecal occult blood

Rhigioglossa

Jenglot

Barcode technology in healthcare

Newborn screening

Peptostreptococcus

Canada Science and Technology Museum

WHO model list of essential in vitro diagnostics