Blood retinal barrier. Medical search

A specialized transport barrier, in the EYE, formed by the retinal pigment EPITHELIUM, and the ENDOTHELIUM of the BLOOD VESSELS of the RETINA. TIGHT JUNCTIONS joining adjacent cells keep the barrier between cells continuous.

Immune responses limit adenovirally mediated gene expression in the adult mouse eye. (1/301)

In order to investigate the immunological consequences of gene transfer to the eye using viral vectors, adenovirus carrying a lacZ reporter gene (AV.LacZ) was injected either subretinally, subconjunctivally or into the anterior chamber of three groups of adult mice: immunocompetent or transiently immunosuppressed BALB/c mice and congenic immunodeficient nude mice. Adenovirally mediated lacZ expression persisted for approximately 3 weeks following injection of the vector into the anterior chamber, retina or extra ocular tissues of the conjuctiva of BALB/c mice. It appears that T cell-mediated immune responses limit the duration of AV-mediated ocular gene expression in adult mice since lacZ gene expression was detected for at least 15 weeks in T cell-deficient BALB/c nude mice, although the level of transgene expression decreased with time. Since intra-ocular AV-mediated gene expression was not significantly longer than extra-ocular expression, it appears that the eye is not normally immune-privileged with respect to viral vectors. Inflammatory cells were detected in the vitreous after anterior chamber injection and in the retina after subretinal injection of adenovirus. The presence of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was established by immunophenotyping. Reinjection of BALB/c mice resulted in rapid decline in reporter gene expression, but successful readministration was possible in the case of immunodeficient nude mice. However, after transient depletion of T cells, achieved by intraperitoneal injection of both CD8- and CD4-specific antibodies, the duration of expression in BALB/c mice was longer in the eye (at least 12 weeks, again with decrease in level over time), than in extra-ocular tissues (8 weeks) provided the animal was not reinjected with virus raising the possibility of partial ocular immune-privilege after transient immunosuppression. (+info)

Effects of acetazolamide on passive and active transport of fluorescein across the normal BRB. (2/301)

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide (AZM) on passive permeability and active transport of fluorescein across the blood-retina barrier in healthy subjects. The study may have implications for the understanding of the edema-reducing effect of AZM. METHODS: The effect of AZM on the blood-retina barrier function was assessed by differential vitreous spectrofluorometry using fluorescein as a tracer. The study included fourteen healthy subjects in a randomized double-masked crossover trial with 3 days' treatment with AZM (500 mg/d) and placebo, respectively. The two examinations were separated by at least 1 week. Fluorescein concentration was determined separately from its metabolite fluorescein glucuronide. The passive permeability of fluorescein was determined by computerized modeling and curve-fitting to the preretinal curve and the plasma concentration curve obtained at 30 to 60 minutes after the injection of fluorescein. The unidirectional permeability due to outward active transport from vitreous to blood was estimated from the preretinal gradient and the plasma concentration at 7 to 10 hours after injection. RESULTS: Treatment with AZM was associated with significant increases in passive permeability and unidirectional permeability of fluorescein. For the passive permeability the increase was on average 0.3+/-0.4 nm/s (mean+/-SD; range, -0.8-1.0 nm/s), and for the unidirectional permeability the increase was on average 7.4 nm/s+/-7.0 (mean+/-SD; range, -3.3-19.0 nm/s). CONCLUSIONS: Acetazolamide caused an increase in passive permeability. Unidirectional permeability was increased by AZM, indicating a stimulation of the outward active transport of fluorescein. It has been proposed that the edema-reducing effect of AZM is due to stimulated ion and fluid removal from the retina to the choroid. The results of this study are consistent with AZM affecting the blood-retina barrier with stimulation of at least one ion transport mechanism. (+info)

Remodeling of retinal capillaries in the diabetic hypertensive rat. (3/301)

PURPOSE: To document the effect of sustained systemic hypertension on the integrity and ultrastructural morphology of retinal capillaries in diabetic and nondiabetic rats. METHODS: Normotensive (strain Wistar-Kyoto; WKY) and genetically hypertensive (spontaneously hypertensive; SHR) rats were rendered diabetic by intravenous streptozotocin injection. At 20 weeks of diabetes, endothelial cells, pericytes, and extracellular matrix were evaluated by ultrastructural morphometry. Serum albumin was localized by immunofluorescence microscopy. RESULTS: The endothelial cell layer was markedly thinner in the diabetic normotensive animals. The number of intercellular junctions was reduced in both the nondiabetic and diabetic hypertensive group but less so in the diabetic normotensive group. No significant endothelial cell loss was noted in either of the experimental groups, whereas the number of pericytes and the number of their cytoplasmic processes were reduced in diabetic and hypertensive animals. Significant thickening of the basement membrane and increased permeability to serum albumin were observed in diabetic and hypertensive rats and were strongly enhanced in the combined diseases. CONCLUSIONS: Endothelial thinning and shape changes from an elaborate to a simpler form as well as rounding up of the pericytes and loosening of their vascular sheaths indicate remodeling of the vascular wall during chronic diabetes and sustained hypertension, before a characteristic vasculopathy becomes manifest. The combination of diabetes and hypertension enhances these features, as well as basement membrane thickening and breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier. (+info)

Physiology of rat retinal pericytes: modulation of ion channel activity by serum-derived molecules. (4/301)

1. Pericytes, which are contractile cells located on the outer wall of microvessels, are thought to be particularly important in the retina where the ratio of these cells to vascular endothelial cells is the highest of any tissue. Retinal pericytes are of interest since they may regulate capillary blood flow and because their selective loss is an early event in diabetic retinopathy, which is a common sight-threatening disorder associated with dysfunction of the blood-retinal barrier. 2. Although a breakdown in the vascular endothelial barrier is a frequent pathophysiological event, knowledge of the effects of blood-derived molecules on pericyte function is limited. Based on the premise that ion channels play a vital role in cellular function, we examined the effect of serum on the ionic currents of retinal pericytes. To do this, we used the perforated-patch configuration of the patch-clamp technique to monitor the whole-cell currents of pericytes located on freshly isolated rat retinal microvessels. 3. Exposure to serum reversibly activated inward and outward currents in virtually all of the sampled retinal pericytes. Two types of sustained conductances were induced by serum. These were a calcium-permeable non-specific cation (NSC) current and a voltage-dependent potassium current. In addition, exposure to serum increased the activity of chloride channels which caused transient depolarizing currents. 4. Associated with the activation of these conductances, the membrane potential showed a sustained decrease of 10 +/- 2 mV from -56 mV to -46 mV and, also, transient depolarizations to near -30 mV. The serum-induced depolarizations can activate the voltage-gated calcium channels expressed by the retinal pericytes. 5. Calcium-permeable NSC channels appear to play a critical role in the response of pericytes to serum-derived molecules. Consistent with this, activation of the chloride and potassium channels was sensitive to SK&F 96365, which is a blocker of NSC channels. In addition, chloride and potassium channel activation was dependent on extracellular calcium. 6. The effects of serum on the activity of channels in retinal pericytes were qualitatively mimicked by insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), which is a normal constituent of the blood. 7. There are significant differences in the effects of serum on retinal pericytes compared with vascular smooth muscle cells. Serum activated sustained conductances in retinal pericytes but not in the vascular smooth muscle cells. This suggests a fundamental difference in the mechanisms by which serum-derived molecules affect these two types of cells. 8. We conclude that serum-derived molecules, such as IGF-1, can activate several types of ion channels in retinal pericytes. These changes in channel activity are likely to influence pericyte function at sites of a breakdown in the blood-retinal barrier. (+info)

Differential expression of endothelial beta-catenin and plakoglobin during development and maturation of the blood-brain and blood-retina barrier in the chicken. (5/301)

The development of the blood-brain barrier depends upon the formation of a closely regulated system of adherens and tight junctions. A prerequisite for a functional junction system is the linkage of transmembrane adhesion receptors (cadherins) to the cytoskeleton via catenins. The localization of specific catenins at the adherens junction correlates with the stability of interendothelial contacts in vitro, but in vivo data are lacking thus far. Investigating brain angiogenesis in the chicken, we demonstrated that beta-catenin, but not plakoglobin, initially codistributed with N-cadherin at the ablumenal endothelial membrane at contact sites to perivascular cells, from where both antigens disappeared during blood-brain barrier maturation. In contrast, plakoglobin was most prominent at the interendothelial junction where only small amounts of beta-catenin were present. Western-blot analysis revealed a stronger developmental decrease of beta-catenin than plakoglobin, whereas N-cadherin was completely lost. beta-Catenin but not N-cadherin was reinduced in brain endothelial cells during dedifferentiation in vitro and localized to the interendothelial junctions. These first in vivo data support the hypothesis that endothelial beta-catenin and N-cadherin are transiently relevant for the contact of brain endothelial to perivascular cells. Plakoglobin seems not to interact with N-cadherin but is exclusively localized at interendothelial junctions providing evidence for its role in the formation of stable adherens junctions, which may play a role for the initiation, and/or stabilization of tight junctions. Dev Dyn 2000;217:86-98. (+info)

Labelling of retinal microglial cells following an intravenous injection of a fluorescent dye into rats of different ages. (6/301)

Retinal microglia were selectively and sequentially labelled in different layers of the retina of postnatal rats following a single intravenous injection of the fluorescent dye, rhodamine isothiocyanate (RhIc). The fluorescent cells were doubly immunostained with OX-42 and ED-1 antibodies that recognise complement type 3 (CR3) receptors and macrophage antigen, respectively. RhIc was first detected in the retinal blood vessels 5 min after injection. At 1 h, a variable number of microglia in the inner layers of the retina, namely, the nerve fibre and ganglion cell layers appeared to emit weak fluorescence. Labelled microglial cells in the inner nuclear and outer plexiform layers were not detected until 1 and 2 d had elapsed following RhIc injection. The number of labelled retinal microglia was progressively increased with time, peaking at 4 d after RhIc injection. The frequency of RhIc labelled cells also increased with age, with the largest number of cells occurring in 7-d-old rats but declined thereafter. In 11 d or older rats, RhIc was confined to the retinal blood vessels. It is concluded that when injected into the circulation, RhIc could readily gain access into the retina tissues due to an inefficient blood-retina barrier in early postnatal stages. It became impeded with maturation of the blood-retina barrier, which was established between 11 and 13 d of age. RhIc that inundated the retinal tissues was thoroughly sequestered by the resident microglial cells. It is therefore suggested that the latter could play a protective role against serum-derived substances that may be deleterious to the developing retina. (+info)

Breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier induced by activated T cells of nonneural specificity. (7/301)

The cellular and microvascular responses of JC Lewis rats to an intravenous injection of activated T cells specific for ovalbumin were examined with the retinal whole mount technique. The retina was examined at various times post-injection (pi) with the use of antibodies to the alphabeta T cell receptor (TCR) or to major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II), the monoclonal antibody ED1, and intravascular tracers. By 12 hours pi, small numbers of TCR(+), ED1(+), and MHC II(+) cells were present within the lumen of retinal vessels, and minor breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) and microglial activation were evident. The intensity of these responses had increased by 1 day pi, when small numbers of TCR(+) cells had also undergone extravasation. By 2 to 3 days pi, the numbers of TCR(+), ED1(+), and MHC II(+) cells in the retinal parenchyma had increased, but the BRB breakdown and microglial activation had subsided. Thus, in the absence of target antigen, activated T cells induced limited and transient breakdown of the BRB, microglial activation, and the extravasation of ED1(+), MHC II(+) monocytes. In contrast, the retina of rats that received an intraocular injection of ovalbumin in addition to the intravascular injection of T cells showed massive cellular recruitment and breakdown of the BRB. These results indicate that an increase in the number of activated T cells in the circulation, such as that which occurs during viral or bacterial infection, has the potential to result in transient breakdown of the BRB and a mild local microglial response. (+info)

Quantitative MR imaging study of intravitreal sustained release of VEGF in rabbits. (8/301)

PURPOSE: To determine whether sustained elevation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the vitreous cavity causes retinal hyperpermeability [blood-retinal barrier (BRB) breakdown] before the development of retinal neovascularization (NV) and to document the kinetics of the integrity of BRB breakdown versus time. METHODS: Poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide)based devices loaded with VEGF were implanted intravitreally in rabbit eyes. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods were used to identify and quantitate the retinal permeability at various time points after implantation. This was done with the newly developed MR tracer AngioMARK (Epix Medical, Boston, MA). After the MRI measurements, fundus photography and fluorescein angiography (FA) also were performed on the same set of animals. RESULTS: At 3 days after implantation, the MR images showed a significant retinal leakage into the vitreous cavity (BRB breakdown) of the VEGF-implanted eyes. To quantitate this leakage, the permeability surface area product (PS) was measured. At 3 days, the mean PS product was 1.25 +/-0.25 x 10(-5) cm3/min. Based on the VEGF in vitro release study, this 3-day BRB breakdown corresponded to a total sustained release of 7.42 +/- 0.54 microg/ml of VEGF. The fundus and FA photographs of these VEGF-implanted eyes taken at 4 days after implantation also showed a considerable level of retinal vascular dilation and tortuosity. By 12 days after implantation, the mean PS product decreased to 5.83 +/- 1.38 x 10(-6) cm3/min. However, the retinal NV was observed only after the second week after implantation. By this time, a total of 10.70 +/- 0.92 microg/ml of VEGF was released in a sustained fashion. Also, after the retinal NV development, retinal detachment also was observed. The control eyes, however, which were implanted with blank devices, remained unchanged and normal during the entire course of this study (PS = 5.57 +/- 0.66 x 10(-7) cm3/min). CONCLUSIONS. The findings indicate that sustained delivery of elevated amounts of VEGF in the vitreous cavity induces a BRB breakdown even earlier than 3 days after implantation. This was achieved after a total sustained release of 7.42 +/- 0.54 microg/ml of VEGF. This retinal leakage regressed by more than half by the time the retinal NV developed. Furthermore, a retinal detachment occurred after this retinal NV. These results are similar to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). The sustained elevation of VEGF in the vitreous cavity of rabbit eyes is potentially a good model to test VEGF antagonists to treat or prevent PDR in humans. The quantifiable change of BRB breakdown by the contrast-enhanced MRI method is ideal to assess the therapeutic intervention in vivo without killing the animal and may prove to be clinically useful in humans. (+info)

The blood retinal barrier has two components: the retinal vascular endothelium and the retinal pigment epithelium. Retinal ... Blood-retinal barrier. Retrieved on July 19, 2007. Vinores, SA (1995). "Assessment of blood-retinal barrier integrity". ... The blood-retinal barrier, or the BRB, is part of the blood-ocular barrier that consists of cells that are joined tightly ... Physical barrier between the local blood vessels and most parts of the eye itself Blood-testis barrier - A physical barrier ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood–retinal_barrier

... blood-retinal barrier damage, and an imbalance of intraocular pressure in Schlemm's canal which induces glaucoma. He is a ... "Plastic roles of pericytes in the blood-retinal barrier". Nature Communications. 8: 15296. Bibcode:2017NatCo...815296P. doi: ... He was on the editorial boards of Blood and Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology and is currently on the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koh_Gou_Young

2001). "VEGF-initiated blood-retinal barrier breakdown in early diabetes". Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 42 (10): 2408-2413. PMID ... VEGF's normal function is to create new blood vessels during embryonic development, new blood vessels after injury, muscle ... "A Low Permeability Microfluidic Blood-Brain Barrier Platform with Direct Contact between Perfusable Vascular Network and ... VEGFxxx may then cause the creation of new blood vessels in the retina and elsewhere in the eye, heralding changes that may ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vascular_endothelial_growth_factor

Chow, Brian Wai; Gu, Chenghua (2017-03-22). "Gradual suppression of transcytosis governs functional blood-retinal barrier ... Chenghua Gu is a Professor of Neurobiology at the Harvard Medical School where her research focuses on the Blood-brain barrier ... Gu's research focuses on the development of the blood-brain barrier and its interaction with neuronal networks. She uses ... Her laboratory has recently published on the importance of the inhibition of transcytosis for maintaining blood-brain barrier ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chenghua_Gu

12th International Symposium Signaling at Blood Brain and Blood Retinal Barrier, Invited lecturer, United Kingdom (2009) The ... "AKAP12 regulates human blood-retinal barrier formation by downregulation of HIF-1a". Journal of Neuroscience. 27 (16): 4472- ... "SSeCKS regulates angiogenesis and tight junction formation in blood-brain barrier". Nature Medicine. 9 (7): 900-906. doi: ... Seoul Brain Barrier Symposium, Organizer, South Korea (2012) Myoung Sook Kim; Ho Jeong Kwon; You Mie Lee; Jin Hyen Baek; Jae- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Kyu-won

"Hyperbaric oxygen therapy ameliorates the blood-retinal barrier breakdown in diabetic retinopathy". Clinical & Experimental ... HBO treatment of individuals who have cancer presents a problem, since HBO both increases blood flow via angiogenesis and also ... Because the hemoglobin of the red blood cells is almost saturated with oxygen at atmospheric pressure, this route of transport ... This study also found a significant decrease in the expression of the systemic inflammatory cytokine TNF-α in venous blood. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbaric_medicine

Blood-ocular barrier - Physical barrier between the local blood vessels and most parts of the eye itself Blood-retinal barrier ... and from the blood-retinal barrier, which can be considered a part of the whole realm of such barriers. Not all vessels in the ... Hamilton RD, Foss AJ, Leach L (December 2007). "Establishment of a human in vitro model of the outer blood-retinal barrier". ... The blood-brain barrier restricts the passage of pathogens, the diffusion of solutes in the blood, and large or hydrophilic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood–brain_barrier

"The Retinal Pigment Epithelium: Something More than a Constituent of the Blood-Retinal Barrier? Implications for the ... Closely applied to retinal internal limiting membrane. Firm attachment sites: Along blood vessels and at sites of retinal ... The vitreous humour contains no blood vessels, and 98-99% of its volume is water (as opposed to only 75% in the cornea). In ... The vitreous also firmly attaches to the lens capsule, retinal vessels, and the macula, the area of the retina which provides ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitreous_body

"Matrix metalloproteinases in early diabetic retinopathy and their role in alteration of the blood-retinal barrier". Laboratory ... The increase in blood-brain barrier and blood-spinal cord barrier permeability allows for more neutrophils to infiltrate the ... MMP-3 also does damage to the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB), the functional equivalent of the blood-brain barrier, after ... Lee JY, Choi HY, Ahn HJ, Ju BG, Yune TY (Nov 2014). "Matrix metalloproteinase-3 promotes early blood-spinal cord barrier ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MMP3

In diabetic retinopathy, due to breakdown in blood-retinal barrier, microaneurysms may leak plasma constituents into the retina ... Retinal microaneurysms are seen in conditions like diabetic retinopathy,: 498 HIV related retinal microangiopathy,: 467 sickle ... Retinal microaneurysms can be diagnosed using ophthalmoscopy, fundus photography, FFA, and OCT. Charcot-Bouchard aneurysms are ... Charcot-Bouchard aneurysms are aneurysms of the brain vasculature which occur in small blood vessels (less than 300 micrometre ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charcot–Bouchard_aneurysm

... across the blood-brain and blood-retinal barriers. LPCs occur in many foods naturally. In Starch: Chemistry and Technology ... LPCs are present as minor phospholipids in the cell membrane (≤ 3%) and in the blood plasma (8-12%). Since LPCs are quickly ... Lysophosphatidylcholine present in blood amplifies microbial TLR ligands induced inflammatory responses from human cells like ... Intima-media thickness, which is positively correlated with reduced blood flow, was studied in young smokers. Evidence pointed ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysophosphatidylcholine

... clinical relevance and in vitro analysis of the function of the outer blood-retinal barrier. Developments in Ophthalmology. Vol ... Under the trade names ILM Blue and Brilliant Peel, brilliant blue G is used as a stain to assist surgeons in retinal surgery. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coomassie_brilliant_blue

Retinal pigmented epithelial cells forms blood retinal barrier in human retina which is important for retinal metabolic ... It has been shown that human retinal pigmented epithelial cells can secrete IL-1 β in exposure to oxidative stress. The ... but in many animal models and in vitro studies it has been demonstrated the role of IL-1β in retinal pigmented epithelial cells ... Blood Purification. 23 (4): 275-81. doi:10.1159/000086012. PMID 15925866. S2CID 72570361. Milosevic V, et al. (January 2020). " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_1_beta

... across the blood-brain and blood-retinal barriers. In the human body, lysoPC (1-lysoPC and 2-lysoPC together) represent 5-20% ... In the human body, 1-lysoPC that is made in the liver is carried by albumin in the blood plasma to various tissues where it is ... The latter is a storage form of Vitamin A in various tissues, as well as a retinal precursor in the retina (see visual cycle). ... of all phospholipids in the blood plasma. Taking care to control for the chemical isomerization between 1-lysoPC and 2-lysoPC ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1-Lysophosphatidylcholine

Blood-retinal barrier: non-fenestrated capillaries of the retinal circulation and tight-junctions between retinal epithelial ... Blood-air barrier - Membrane separating alveolar air from blood in lung capillaries Blood-brain barrier - Semipermeable ... A physical barrier between the blood vessels and the seminiferous tubules of the animal testes Blood-thymus barrier - Barrier ... capillary border that allows selective passage of blood constituents into the brain Blood-retinal barrier - Part of the blood- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood–ocular_barrier

... retinal detachment and damage to the blood-aqueous barrier. Alternative drugs which can reduce the synthesis of aqueous humour ... It was previously identified that the side effects comprise damage to the blood-aqueous barrier, cystoid macular oedema, risk ... uveoscleral tract blockage and disrupted blood-aqueous barrier linked with this form of glaucoma. While some studies recommend ... Ghost-cell glaucoma: Ruptured red blood cells will release haemoglobin in the form of Heinz bodies, which are potent in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_glaucoma

... the retina is similarly protected by the blood-retinal barrier. The vertebrate retina is inverted in the sense that the light- ... Retinal diseases in dogs include retinal dysplasia, progressive retinal atrophy, and sudden acquired retinal degeneration. ... When light strikes 11-cis-retinal (in the disks in the rods and cones), 11-cis-retinal changes to all-trans-retinal which then ... Changes in retinal blood circulation are seen with aging and exposure to air pollution, and may indicate cardiovascular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retina

... adhesion molecule-1 mRNA and protein levels and therefore reduce leukostasis and help maintain the blood-retinal-barrier. Its ... Swelling and inflammation within the eyeball Retinal vein occlusion: A blockage of the veins that carry blood away from the ... as the needle can directly pass through the anatomical eye barrier (e.g. cornea, conjunctiva and lens) and dynamic barrier (e.g ... inhibit the growth and development of new blood vessels (angiostatic), or lower the permeability of blood vessels (anti- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intravitreal_injection

Physical barrier between the local blood vessels and most parts of the eye itself Blood-retinal barrier - Part of the blood- ... Blood-air barrier - Membrane separating alveolar air from blood in lung capillaries Blood-brain barrier - Semipermeable ... ocular barrier that prevents certain substances from entering the retina Blood-testis barrier - A physical barrier between the ... The blood-thymus barrier regulates exchange of substances between the circulatory system and thymus, providing a sequestered ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood–thymus_barrier

... and stabilization of the blood retinal barrier, were reported anecdotally in the management of Macular telangiectasia type 1. ... either due to intra-retinal edema and serous retinal detachment (Type 1) or retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) scar formation or ... These can help to identify the abnormal vessels, pigment plaques, retinal crystals, foveal atrophy and intraretinal cavities ... Gass, J. D.; Blodi, B. A. (October 1993). "Idiopathic juxtafoveolar retinal telangiectasis. Update of classification and follow ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macular_telangiectasia

... is thought to result from breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier in the endothelial cells, resulting in leakage ... Just as the red-eye effect is caused by a reflection off blood vessels in the back of a normal eye, an eye affected by Coats' ... Blood leaks from the abnormal vessels into the back of the eye, leaving behind cholesterol deposits and damaging the retina. ... However, once total retinal detachment occurs, sight loss is permanent in most cases. Removal of the eye (enucleation) is an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coats'_disease

... retinal ganglion cells MeSH A09.371.729.775 - retinal horizontal cells MeSH A09.371.894.030 - blood-aqueous barrier MeSH ... blood-retinal barrier MeSH A09.371.729.313 - fundus oculi MeSH A09.371.729.522 - macula lutea MeSH A09.371.729.522.436 - fovea ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(A09)

... a New Jersey rock band Blood-retinal barrier, cells in the eye that prevent certain substances from entering the tissue of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BRB

Epithelial transport: As mentioned above, RPE compose the outer blood-retinal barrier, the epithelia has tight junctions ... First, it represents a mechanical and tight barrier which separates the inner space of the eye from the blood stream. Second, ... This comes not directly from the visual cycle but from several retinal pools of retinal binding proteins which are connected to ... This is important for the immune privilege (not only as barrier, but with signalling process as well) of eyes, a highly ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinal_pigment_epithelium

... the brain sits behind the blood-brain barrier and the retina sits behind the blood-retinal barrier) and so do not normally have ... AIDS patients typically develop the disease earlier in their lives.[citation needed] PIOL affects the sub-retinal pigment ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intraocular_lymphoma

By analogy to Coats disease, the exudative retinopathy is thought to result from breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier at the ... If not treated, the retinal detachment can lead to ischemia and growth of new blood vessels over the iris and anterior chamber ... Laser coagulation or cryoablation (freezing) of the retina can be used to destroy the abnormal blood vessels. Retinal ... Characteristically, the abnormal vessels are localized and the retinal blood vessels peripheral to the abnormal ones seemingly ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebroretinal_microangiopathy_with_calcifications_and_cysts

... including those that cannot cross the blood-brain barrier or the blood-retinal barrier on their own. Within this approach, ... "Quantitation of blood-brain barrier permeability". In Neuwelt, E.A. (ed.). Implications of the Blood-Brain Barrier and its ... Blood-Brain Barrier in Psychology and Medicine. Raven Press, New York. Bradbury, M. (1979). The Concept of a Blood-Brain ... "Comparative physiology of the blood-brain barrier". In Suckling, A.J.; Rumsby, M.G.; Bradbury, M.W.B. (eds.). The Blood-Brain ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrometabolic_drug_design

... model of human ROP has shown that beta-blockade is protective against retinal angiogenesis and ameliorate blood-retinal barrier ... It is thought to be caused by disorganized growth of retinal blood vessels which may result in scarring and retinal detachment ... The stage of ROP refers to the character of the leading edge of growing retinal blood vessels (at the vascular-avascular border ... Examination of the retina of a premature infant is performed to determine how far the retinal blood vessels have grown (the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinopathy_of_prematurity

... dysfunction of the blood-retinal barrier, which protects the retina from many substances in the blood (including toxins and ... Over time, progressive retinal damage may appear on a retinal exam, first with small bulges in retinal blood vessels called ... leading to the leaking of blood constituents into the retinal neuropile. Later, the basement membrane of the retinal blood ... In addition, standard treatment for diabetic retinopathy includes improving control of blood sugar, blood pressure, and blood ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetic_retinopathy

Physical barrier between the local blood vessels and most parts of the eye itself Blood-retinal barrier - Part of the blood- ... The blood-air barrier or air-blood barrier, (alveolar-capillary barrier or membrane) exists in the gas exchanging region of the ... A physical barrier between the blood vessels and the seminiferous tubules of the animal testes Blood-thymus barrier - Barrier ... Blood-brain barrier - Semipermeable capillary border that allows selective passage of blood constituents into the brain Blood- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood–air_barrier

The cells in the blood vessel walls are joined tightly to one another, forming the blood-brain barrier, which blocks the ... Wong, RO (1999). "Retinal waves and visual system development". Annual Review of Neuroscience. St. Louis, MO. 22: 29-47. doi: ... All vertebrates have a blood-brain barrier that allows metabolism inside the brain to operate differently from metabolism in ... ISBN 978-0-683-06752-1. Pardridge, W (2005). "The Blood-Brain Barrier: Bottleneck in Brain Drug Development". NeuroRx. 2 (1): 3 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain

Research has suggested that blood-brain barrier leakage, either at the time of insertion or over time, may be responsible for ... There are also several neuroprosthetic devices that aim to restore vision, including retinal implants. The first ... July 2013). "The impact of chronic blood-brain barrier breach on intracortical electrode function". Biomaterials. 34 (20): 4703 ... another substantial barrier to using electroencephalography (EEG) as a brain-computer interface was the extensive training ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain–computer_interface

This demonstrated that the blood-brain barrier was broken by cerebral blood vessels, thus interfering with white matter ... Retinal venous dilation occurs in 59% of people with HACE. Rarer symptoms include brisk deep tendon reflexes, retinal ... The brain swelling is likely a result of vasogenic edema, the penetration of the blood-brain barrier by fluids. This process ... It appears to be a vasogenic edema (fluid penetration of the blood-brain barrier), although cytotoxic edema (cellular retention ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-altitude_cerebral_edema

... a small endocrine gland located in the center of the brain but outside the blood-brain barrier. Light/dark information reaches ... the suprachiasmatic nuclei from retinal photosensitive ganglion cells of the eyes rather than the melatonin signal (as was once ... For research as well as clinical purposes, melatonin concentration in humans can be measured either from the saliva or blood ... When humans consume foods rich in melatonin, such as banana, pineapple, and orange, the blood levels of melatonin increase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melatonin

... skull and the protective blood-brain barrier. The peripheral part of the nervous system is therefore directly exposed to blood ... See also: retinal ganglion cell Oculomotor nerve (cranial nerve 3) Eye movement (except rotation), including constriction of ... mostly because standard chemotherapy drugs cannot pass through the blood-brain barrier. Chemotherapy for brain tumors is ... See also Orgasm which has been studied with fMRI Stroke is the rapid loss of brain function due to disturbance in the blood ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_the_human_brain

Minocycline is a semi-synthetic tetracycline compound that is capable of crossing the blood brain barrier. It is known to be a ... A metabolically resistant analog of RvE1 is in development for the treatment of retinal disease and neuroprotectin D1 mimetics ... to preserve blood-brain barrier integrity, to mitigate neurological deficits and psychiatric disturbance, and to improve ... It increases cerebral blood flow and oxygenation. THC: Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol exerts neuroprotective and antioxidative ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroprotection

Blood-air barrier Blood-brain barrier Blood-ocular barrier Blood-retinal barrier Blood-testis barrier Blood-thymus barrier ... Blood-placental barrier This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Blood barrier. If an internal link ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_barrier

... bilateral symmetry bile duct biology bipolar cells of the retina bitemporal heminopia blastomere blood blood brain barrier body ... retina retinaculum retinal artery retinotopic retrobulbar neuritis retrogastric area retromandibular vein Retromolar space ... trunk celom central canal Central gelatinous substance of spinal cord central nucleus of inferior colliculus central retinal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_anatomy_articles

... and in vitro permeation through intestinal and blood brain barrier". Phytomedicine. 22 (1): 36-44. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2014.10 ... In high concentrations, it has protective effects against retinal damage in vitro and in vivo. The sodium salt of crocetin, ... They discovered that the drug could reverse the potentially fatal decrease in blood pressure produced by the loss of large ... Yamauchi, M; Tsuruma, K; Imai, S; Nakanishi, T; Umigai, N; Shimazawa, M; Hara, H (2011). "Crocetin prevents retinal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crocetin

A sample of blood serum is usually obtained from a clotted blood sample taken around the time of the LP. OCBs are especially ... Fluids Barriers CNS. 12: 27. doi:10.1186/s12987-015-0024-8. PMC 4677451. PMID 26652013.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple ... "Intrathecal lipid-specific oligoclonal IgM synthesis associates with retinal axonal loss in multiple sclerosis". Journal of the ... Oligoclonal bands (OCBs) are bands of immunoglobulins that are seen when a patient's blood serum, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligoclonal_band

These subjects also have night blindness and retinal dystrophy but few other signs of vitamin A deficiency." Strauss O The ... maturing and mucous barrier). Especially the first-time description of the storage possibility of vitamin A (retinyl ester) in ... A pair of siblings was carrying a mutation of the gene for RBP and therefore showed an unmeasurable retinol blood level. Apart ... retinal pigment epithelium in visual function. Physiological Reviews. July 2005; 85(3): 845-881. Quote from p. 856: "However, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Konrad_Biesalski

... including an investigation into the impact of the blood-brain barrier on drug delivery, and the role of the body's immune ... retinal implants, and electronic skins. Translational neuroscience research is categorized into stages of research, which are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translational_neuroscience

Simvastatin is a known inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, and most importantly is able to cross the blood-brain barrier. It has ... For example, one study examined the retinal degeneration of SLOS, which in rats does not occur until at least one month after ... It should also be noted that cholesterol cannot pass the blood-brain barrier, thus within the brain, biosynthesis is the only ... However, dietary cholesterol does not reduce the levels of 7DHC, cannot cross the blood-brain barrier, and does not appear to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smith–Lemli–Opitz_syndrome

One aspect of this disease is severe damage to the epithelial cells of the blood-brain barrier. In certain regions, depression ... retinal detachment, and secondary angle-closure glaucoma may occur. In addition, the medications used to treat SLE can cause ... Blood-hematologic disorder-hemolytic anemia (low red blood cell count), leukopenia (white blood cell count. 3.0.CO;2-F. PMID ... Low platelet count and white blood cell count may be due to the disease or a side effect of pharmacological treatment. People ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lupus

A small amount of the RhEpo can cross the blood-brain barrier and protect against hypoxic-ischemia injury. Epo treatment has ... In a second experiment, Epo doubled the number of retinal ganglion cell axons regenerating along a length of nerve grafted onto ... While erythropoietin alpha is capable of crossing the blood brain barrier via active transport, concentrations in the central ... Blood. 100 (7): 2279-88. doi:10.1182/blood-2002-01-0124. hdl:2241/1805. PMID 12239135. S2CID 35004292. Yuan, R.; Wang, B.; Lu, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythropoietin_in_neuroprotection

Injury after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage via Suppression of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-mediated Apoptosis and Blood-Brain Barrier ... October 2017). "Shiga Toxins Induce Apoptosis and ER Stress in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells". Toxins. 9 (10): 319. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_damage-inducible_transcript_3

A power doppler blood flow study is done prior to injection. The blood flow can be destroyed and the node rendered inactive. ... Its use in the emergency department for the timely diagnosis of conditions such as retinal or vitreous detachment, retinal and ... until these completely close at about 1 year of age by which time they have formed a virtually impenetrable acoustic barrier to ... Power doppler visualized blood flow can be eradicated, and there may be a drop in the cancer blood marker test, thyroglobulin, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_ultrasound

Another test that can be done is a urine copper level test; this has been found to be less accurate than the blood test. A ... Song D, Dunaief JL (2013). "Retinal iron homeostasis in health and disease". Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. 5: 24. doi: ... due to induced copper deficiency Copper does not cross the intestinal barrier due to ATP7A deficiency (Menkes disease and ... Ceruloplasmin is the major copper-carrying protein in the blood, and in addition plays a role in iron metabolism. It was first ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceruloplasmin

Examples of these include the cis-trans photoisomerization of the rhodopsin chromophore retinal, excited state and population ... electron tunnels through the barrier and ionize. Propagation: The free-electron accelerates in the laser field and gains ... amplified microscopy has shown to have the capability of even earlier detection of trace amounts of cancer cells in the blood. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultrafast_laser_spectroscopy

The retinal circulation undergoes a series of pathophysiological changes in response to elevated blood pressure. In the initial ... in which there is disruption of the blood-retina barrier, necrosis of the smooth muscles and endothelial cells, exudation of ... Blood pressure readings do vary but experts recommend that blood pressure should not range above 140/80. Secondly, high blood ... Hypertensive retinopathy is a condition characterized by a spectrum of retinal vascular signs in people with elevated blood ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complications_of_hypertension

... gliosis begins after the blood brain barrier is disrupted, allowing non-CNS molecules, such as blood and serum components, to ... Upon retinal injury, gliosis of these cells occurs, functioning to repair damage, but often having harmful consequences in the ... and forming the blood-brain barrier. Like other forms of gliosis, astrogliosis accompanies traumatic brain injury as well as ... as well as the elimination of free radicals Release of anti-inflammatory molecules Restoration of blood brain barrier function ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gliosis

Other significant issues involve the difficulty in crossing the blood-brain barrier, as well as the great expense, as each unit ... This red spot is a retinal area that appears red because of gangliosides in the surrounding retinal ganglion cells. The ... been thought to be too large to pass through the specialized cell layer in the blood vessels that forms the blood-brain barrier ... Blood. 112 (7): 2979-2989. doi:10.1182/blood-2008-03-140830. ISSN 0006-4971. PMC 2556628. PMID 18587012. William Hathaway (May ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tay–Sachs_disease

Cramer SP, Modvig S, Simonsen HJ, Frederiksen JL, Larsson HB (September 2015). "Permeability of the blood-brain barrier ... December 2013). "Retinal nerve fiber thickness and MRI white matter abnormalities in healthy relatives of multiple sclerosis ... RRMS and PPMS patients also show differences on the retinal layers yields examined under OCT. Some authors have proposed a dual ... These patients have MS-like brain lesions, multifocal spine lesions and retinal and optic nerves atrophy. See Anti-neurofascin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflammatory_demyelinating_diseases_of_the_central_nervous_system

Reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress: Studies of the blood of dropsy patients has revealed that there is extensive ... Mild to moderate anaemia, hypoproteinaemia, mild to moderate renal azotemia, retinal haemorrhages, and glaucoma are common ... blocking of sodium pump via Na+-K+-ATPase and thereby inhibiting the active transport of glucose across the intestinal barrier ... It is well established that increased pyruvate concentration in blood uncouples oxidative phosphorylation, and this may be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidemic_dropsy

It is expressed primarily in the blood-brain barrier and liver and is thought to be involved in protecting cells from toxins. ... 3.A.1.211 The Cholesterol/Phospholipid/Retinal (CPR) Flippase Family (ABCA) 9.B.74 The Phage Infection Protein (PIP) Family all ... "Challenges for blood-brain barrier (BBB) screening". Xenobiotica. 37 (10-11): 1135-51. doi:10.1080/00498250701570285. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP-binding_cassette_transporter

Increased delivery of chemotherapy to the vitreous by inhibition of the blood-retinal barrier Guillem Pascual-Pasto 1 , Nagore ... Increased delivery of chemotherapy to the vitreous by inhibition of the blood-retinal barrier Guillem Pascual-Pasto et al. J ... Keywords: ABC transporters; ABCB1/P-gp; ABCG2/BCRP; BCRP; Blood-retinal barrier; Delivery; Distribution; Microdialysis; P-gp; ... might benefit from strategies to inhibit the blood-retinal barrier (BRB). The potent anticancer agent topotecan is a substrate ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28830790/

ZIKV infection of retinal endothelial cells and retinal pericytes induces significantly higher leve … ... retinal pericytes, and retinal pigmented epithelial cells are fully permissive for ZIKV lytic replication and are primary ... target cells in the retinal barriers for infection. ... ZIKV blood-retinal barrier infection model. A hypothetical ... Keywords: Blood-retinal barrier; Cytokines; Inflammation; Retinal endothelial cells; Retinal pericytes; Retinal pigmented ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28253931

... and blood-retinal barrier (BRB) integrity remain unknown. Here, we evaluated the retinas of transgenic APPSWE/PS1ΔE9 mouse ... Degeneration of retinal capillaries also progressively increased with age in healthy mice (P = 0.0145); however, the phenomenon ... Using a retinal vascular isolation technique followed by periodic acid-Schiff or immunofluorescent staining, we discovered ... However, the pathological mechanisms of retinal vascular changes and their possible relationships with vascular amyloidosis, ...

https://actaneurocomms.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40478-020-01076-4

... a novel mechanism of innate immune defense of the blood-retina barrier. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ... a novel mechanism of innate immune defense of the blood-retina barrier. ... Dive into the research topics of Retinal pigment epithelial cells express antimicrobial peptide lysozyme - ... Retinal pigment epithelial cells express antimicrobial peptide lysozyme - ...

https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/retinal-pigment-epithelial-cells-express-antimicrobial-peptide-ly/fingerprints/

... enhances the breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) in diabetes. However, the role of pericytes on BRB alteration in ... in diabetes and highlighted the pattern of functional connectivity between key candidate genes and blood retinal barrier ... of pericytes from retinas of diabetic animals reveals novel genes and molecular pathways relevant to blood-retinal barrier ... we performed transcriptomic analysis of sorted retinal pericytes from mice model of diabetes. Retinal tissue from non-diabetic ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/resource/pt/mdl-32376470

... a retinal detachment occurs. Depending on the mechanism of subretinal fluid accumulation, retinal detachments traditionally ... Anytime subretinal fluid accumulates in the space between the neurosensory retina and the underlying retinal pigment epithelium ... The outer blood-retinal barrier is broken down and causes increased vascular permeability. ... and have a retinal surface that moves with eye movements; a retinal tear(s) is present. Tractional retinal detachments are ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/1224509-162963/what-are-the-sexual-predilections-of-exudative-retinal-detachment

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1224509-overview

Blood/Retinal Barriers and Extracellular Matrix. Quite a lot is known about the ECM in the brain but its normal function in the ... There were three breakout groups, each directed at a specific theme (blood/retinal barriers and extracellular matrix, ... Unsupervised and unregulated transplants of bone marrow stem cells into sub-retinal space for retinal diseases have garnered ... What are the normal functions in maintaining retinal environment/homeostasis?. *How does this go awry in injury and disease - ...

https://www.nei.nih.gov/about/advisory-committees/national-advisory-eye-council-naec/minutes-past-naec-meetings/naec-meeting-minutes-january-19-2017

Molecular analysis of blood-retinal barrier loss in the Akimba mouse, a model of advanced diabetic retinopathy. ... Molecular analysis of blood-retinal barrier loss in the Akimba mouse, a model of advanced diabetic retinopathy. ... PLVAP is an endothelial cell-specific protein that is absent in intact blood-retinal barrier, but its expression significantly ... To study the molecular mechanism that underlies the breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) in diabetic macular edema and ...

https://herseninstituut.nl/publicaties/molecular-analysis-of-blood-retinal-barrier-loss-in-the-akimba-mouse-a-model-of-advanced-diabetic-retinopathy/

The blood-retinal barrier in chloroquine retinopathy.. Raines MF; Bhargava SK; Rosen ES. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci; 1989 Aug; ... Retinal toxicity of high-dose hydroxychloroquine in patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease.. Navajas EV; Krema H; ... Retinal damage by (hydroxy)chloroquine intake: published evidence for an efficient ophthalmological follow-up].. Pluta JP; ... Severe visual loss secondary to retinal toxicity after intravenous use of bisphosphonate in an eye with known chloroquine ...

https://pubmedhh.nlm.nih.gov/biomarkers/search.php?id=12812896&mod=related&page=2&proj=

Neuroprotective and blood-retinal barrier-preserving effects of cannabidiol in experimental diabetes. Am J Pathol 2006;168:235- ... Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2015 Oct;21:1770-5. View abstract.. *Geffrey AL, Pollack SF, Bruno PL, Thiele EA. Drug-drug ... The effects of acute cannabidiol on cerebral blood flow and its relationship to memory: An arterial spin labelling magnetic ... Watzl, B., Scuderi, P., and Watson, R. R. Marijuana components stimulate human peripheral blood mononuclear cell secretion of ...

https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druginfo/natural/1439.html

Ocular manifestations of emerging flaviviruses and the blood-retinal barrier. Viruses 2018;10:530. doi: 10.3390/v10100530 ... One patient had retinal sectorial pallor suggestive of acute retinal ischaemia (5.6%; 95% CI 0.3 to 25.8). Other findings ... Retinal vasculature in development and diseases. Annu Rev Vis Sci 2018;4:101-22. doi: 10.1146/annurev-vision-091517-034018 ... Acute retinal arterial occlusive disorders. Prog Retin Eye Res 2011;30:559-94. doi: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2011.05.001 ...

https://bjo.bmj.com/content/106/1/102

Blood retinal barrier in retinal disease - Jose Cunha Vaz. Read more Video ... Influence of posterior vitreous detachment on retinal detachment after lens surgery in myopic eyes (MYOPRED) View full list of ...

https://escrs.org/knowledge-hubs/retina/

J:304563 Valenca A, et al., TIM2 modulates retinal iron levels and is involved in blood-retinal barrier breakdown. Exp Eye Res ...

https://www.informatics.jax.org/marker/MGI:2159681

The outer blood-retina barrier consists of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), separated by Bruchs membrane from the blood- ... "We know that AMD starts in the outer blood-retina barrier," said Kapil Bharti, Ph.D., who heads the NEI Section on Ocular and ... The outer blood-retina barrier is the interface of the retina and the choroid, including Bruchs membrane and the ... "By printing cells, were facilitating the exchange of cellular cues that are necessary for normal outer blood-retina barrier ...

https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-researchers-use-3d-bioprinting-create-eye-tissue

Comparison of barrier properties of outer blood-retinal barrier models - Human stem cell-based models as a novel tool for ...

https://researchportal.helsinki.fi/en/organisations/drug-delivery-unit

... given that the antigen they recognize is sequestered behind the blood-retinal barrier?" Dr. Caspi asked. "Thats when we ... A paradox led to her research: T cells must first be activated before they can enter the eye, but retinal antigens are not ... In one study involving aging mice, a high-gly-cemic diet led to degeneration of photoreceptors and atrophy of retinal pigment ... "Bacteria in the gut appear to mimic that unique retinal antigen and trigger these lymphocytes to become activated," said Dr. ...

https://www.aao.org/eyenet/article/the-gut-and-the-eye

YAP/TAZ is critically involved in formation and maturation of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) in an EC-autonomous manner. ... Norrin/Frizzled4 signaling in retinal vascular development and blood brain barrier plasticity. Cell. 2012;151(6):1332-1344. ... B and C) Images of inner surface of retinal cup and comparison of blood island area of WT and Yap/TaziΔEC mice (n = 4, each ... Daneman R, Prat A. The blood-brain barrier. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2015;7(1):a020412. View this article via: PubMed ...

https://www.jci.org/articles/view/93825

Another benefit of curcumin is that unlike many drugs, it crosses the blood-retinal barrier, a protective meshwork of cells ... These rats, unlike control animals, showed reduced protein accumulation, which in turn preserved the number of retinal rods and ...

https://www.fic.nih.gov/News/GlobalHealthMatters/november-december-2012/Pages/eye-institute-turmeric-retinitis-pigmentosa.aspx

Blood-Retinal Barrier Preferred Concept UI. M0002731. Scope Note. A specialized transport barrier, in the EYE, formed by the ... TIGHT JUNCTIONS joining adjacent cells keep the barrier between cells continuous.. Terms. Blood-Retinal Barrier Preferred Term ... Retinal-Blood Barrier Previous Indexing. Retina (1966-1986). Retinal Vessels (1966-1986). See Also. Capillary Permeability. ... Retinal-Blood Barrier Term UI T535827. Date03/17/2003. LexicalTag NON. ThesaurusID NLM (2004). ...

https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D001813

... the blood-aqueous barrier and the blood-retinal barrier. In inflammation or infection, both barriers may collapse and permit ... The intraocular structures are normally separated from the choroidal and retinal blood vessels by two barriers; ... retinal dysplasia, retinal hemorrhages and pupillary changes. Abnormalities in pupil shape include spastic pupil, D-shaped ... Inflammatory swelling of the choroid may cause fluid to accumulate behind the retina, resulting in partial or total retinal ...

https://www.vin.com/apputil/project/defaultadv1.aspx?pId=8768&meta=Generic&catId=18826&id=3850121&ind=318&objTypeID=17

... retinal microaneurysms, and loss of pericytes, with eventual impairment of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) [2]. Breakdown of ... "Intravitreal sustained release of VEGF causes retinal neovascularization in rabbits and breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier ... N. L. Derevjanik, S. A. Vinores, W. H. Xiao et al., "Quantitative assessment of the integrity of the blood-retinal barrier in ... H. Z. Xu and Y. Z. Le, "Significance of outer blood-retina barrier breakdown in diabetes and ischemia," Investigative ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jdr/2012/548732/

At both 1 and 3 months post-injection, labeled pre-induced hPBMCs were observed in the retinal inner nuclear layer of the ... Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs) are a good source of stem cells, but it is unclear whether pre-induced hPBMCs ... One hundred and sixty-one 3-month-old retinal degeneration 1 (rd1) mice were divided randomly into 3 groups: an untreated group ... Labeled pre-induced hPBMCs were also observed in the contralateral optic nerve but not in the blood circulation, suggesting ...

https://stemcellres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13287-021-02180-5

We found that retinal edema and breakdown of blood-retina barrier were observed at the very early stage of tauopathy. Leukocyte ... Retinal Vessels/drug effects; Retinal Vessels/pathology*; Tauopathies/pathology*; tau Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors; tau ... These data suggest that retinal NVU may serve as a potential biomarker for diagnosis and staging of tauopathy as well as a ... Yet, most of studies focus on characterizing the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and degeneration of their axons. There ...

https://tools.niehs.nih.gov/portfolio/index.cfm?do=portfolio.publicationDetail&id=4096687

Structural and Functional Heterogeneity of CNS Small Blood and Lymphatic Vessels (R01) RFA-NS-18-003. NINDS ... to model human blood-brain barrier, blood-retinal barrier, or CNS physiopathology related to small blood and lymphatic vessels. ... including breakdown of the blood-brain or blood-retinal barriers, initiate or drive events that lead to neuronal injury, ... It also remains challenging to study the blood-tissue barriers during life, and it is unclear in most instances whether ...

https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-NS-18-003.html

Silverman was involved in research at Vanderbilt University investigating the effects of ascorbic acid on blood-retinal-barrier ... He is the Research Director for the fellows at the Cancer and Blood Institute at CHLA and the Program Director of the Pediatric ... Lung and Blood Institute (2017-present); and the Gerber Foundation (2020-present). Outside of his clinical and research ... where she worked on determining the SLU SOM free-clinic area of service and barriers to healthcare using ArcGIS and SAS. ...

https://www.chla.org/research/the-george-donnell-society-pediatric-scientists

... crosses the retinal-blood barrier and thus protect the eyes and it reaches inside and out of every part of the cell. It also ... Unlike many other antioxidants it has the ability of crossing the blood-brain barrier and enter into the eyes, brain and ... It is considered as a strongest natural antioxidant which crosses the brain-blood barrier and protects the nervous system and ... High blood pressure is primarily caused by the constriction of the arteries which makes it hard to pump blood. The arteries are ...

https://vitanetonline.com/forums/search/Cooked/1

Barriers, Retinal-Blood Blood Retinal Barrier Blood-Retinal Barriers Retinal Blood Barrier Retinal-Blood Barrier Retinal-Blood ... Barrier, Blood-Retinal. Barrier, Retinal-Blood. Barriers, Blood-Retinal. Barriers, Retinal-Blood. Blood Retinal Barrier. Blood- ... Blood-Retinal Barrier Entry term(s). Barrier, Blood-Retinal Barrier, Retinal-Blood Barriers, Blood-Retinal ... Retinal Barriers. Retinal Blood Barrier. Retinal-Blood Barrier. Retinal-Blood Barriers. Tree number(s):. A07.040. A09.371. ...

https://decs.bvsalud.org/en/ths/resource/?id=23221&filter=ths_exact_term&q=BARRERA+HEMATORRETINAL

https://meshb-prev.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D001813

The research team from the National Eye Institute (NEI), part of the National Institutes of Health, printed a combination of cells that form the outer blood-retina barrier-eye tissue that supports the retina's light-sensing photoreceptors. (nih.gov)
We know that AMD starts in the outer blood-retina barrier," said Kapil Bharti, Ph.D., who heads the NEI Section on Ocular and Stem Cell Translational Research. (nih.gov)
The outer blood-retina barrier is the interface of the retina and the choroid, including Bruch's membrane and the choriocapillaris. (nih.gov)
The outer blood-retina barrier consists of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), separated by Bruch's membrane from the blood-vessel rich choriocapillaris. (nih.gov)
Tissue analyses and genetic and functional testing showed that the printed tissue looked and behaved similarly to native outer blood-retina barrier. (nih.gov)
By printing cells, we're facilitating the exchange of cellular cues that are necessary for normal outer blood-retina barrier anatomy," said Bharti. (nih.gov)
Co-author Marc Ferrer, Ph.D., director of the 3D Tissue Bioprinting Laboratory at NIH's National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, and his team provided expertise for the biofabrication of the outer blood-retina barrier tissues "in-a-well," along with analytical measurements to enable drug screening. (nih.gov)
Bharti and collaborators are using printed blood-retina barrier models to study AMD, and they are experimenting with adding additional cell types to the printing process, such as immune cells, to better recapitulate native tissue. (nih.gov)
Another benefit of curcumin is that unlike many drugs, it crosses the blood-retinal barrier, a protective meshwork of cells surrounding the retina. (nih.gov)
A specialized transport barrier, in the EYE , formed by the retinal pigment EPITHELIUM , and the ENDOTHELIUM of the BLOOD VESSELS of the RETINA. (nih.gov)
Inflammatory swelling of the choroid may cause fluid to accumulate behind the retina, resulting in partial or total retinal detachment. (vin.com)
We found that retinal edema and breakdown of blood-retina barrier were observed at the very early stage of tauopathy. (nih.gov)
This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) will solicit research projects focused on the development of new technology and tools, or novel mechanistic studies, or a combination of mechanistic and technology development studies specific to central nervous system (CNS, which includes retina) small blood and lymphatic vessels in health and disease, across the life span. (nih.gov)
Barrera de transporte especializada, en el OJO, constituida por el EPITELIO pigmentario retiniano y el ENDOTELIO de los VASOS SANGUÍNEOS de la RETINA. (bvsalud.org)
The condition called diabetic retinopathy stems from damage to the blood vessels of the retina caused by diabetes. (nih.gov)
These researchers are developing a new drug candidate with the potential to have sustained effectiveness against the blood leakage into the retina associated with this condition. (nih.gov)
CSC is a retinal disease due to idiopathic accumulation of serous fluid under the retina in the macular area (2). (ac.ir)
Specific changes occur in the retina of patients with chronic CSC such as retinal pigment epithelium changes and cystic changes within the retina of severe cases (6). (ac.ir)
Dr. Cunha-Vaz's work has included laboratory and clinical research in retina and intraocular fluids with special emphasis on blood-retinal barriers and diabetic retinopathy. (brancatoaward.eu)
Supplementation with a certain type of omega fatty acid known as docosahexaenoic acid, or DHA, can reduce the incidence of retinal disease, however, improving DHA levels in the retina is challenging due to the retina-blood barrier. (takethehealth.com)
Meanwhile, diabetic retinopathy is seen in patients with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes and is caused by high blood sugar levels affecting blood flow to the retina, and if untreated, can cause blindness. (takethehealth.com)
While the importance of omega-3 fatty acids in the diet are well known, and epidemiological studies have shown the beneficial effects of DHA supplementation on reducing the risk of development of retinal disease, actually getting this molecule into the retina in order to support normal functioning is much harder. (takethehealth.com)
Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes that affects the blood vessels in the retina. (takethehealth.com)
The retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) make up a polarized monolayer in the vertebrate eye that separates the neural retina from the choroid, and performs a crucial role in retinal physiology by forming a blood-retinal barrier and closely interacting with photoreceptors to maintain visual function. (nih.gov)
Thus, our ability to image retinal microvasculature is important for providing better knowledge of the normal physiological retina and pathological process, allowing development of new strategies to prevent or delay disease progression. (biomedcentral.com)
Specifically, the non-invasive nature of AOSLO imaging makes it very appealing for screening, detecting, and monitoring subclinical microvascular changes in the human retina, which may enable earlier intervention against retinal diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
The researchers noted that several other diseases affecting blood vessels in the retina, such as diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration, are characterized by a similar degradation of the blood-retina barrier. (nih.gov)
Diabetic retinopathy is caused when high blood sugar damages blood vessels in the retina (a light-sensitive layer of cells in the back of the eye). (cdc.gov)
Early stage (nonproliferative): Blood vessel walls in the retina weaken and bulge, forming tiny pouches (you won't be able to detect them, but your eye doctor can). (cdc.gov)
These pouches can leak blood and other fluid, which can cause a part of the retina called the macula to swell (macular edema) and distort your vision. (cdc.gov)
Advanced stage (proliferative): In this stage, the retina begins to grow new blood vessels. (cdc.gov)
Your doctor will also look at the retina and inside of your eyes and may use a dye to reveal leaky blood vessels. (cdc.gov)
Reattachment of the retina (for retinal detachment, a complication of diabetic retinopathy). (cdc.gov)

Intensive control of systemic factors, including blood sugar, blood pressure, and serum lipids, has been reported to reduce complications of diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 1 [ 18 ] and type 2 [ 19 ] diabetes. (hindawi.com)
and increase vascular permeability.10 The expression of Diabetic retinopathy: pathogenesis, prevention and It is estimated that diabetes mellitus affects about 4% VEGF is enhanced by hypoxia which is a major stimu- treatment of the global population, almost all of whom may have lus for retinal neovascularisation. (who.int)
CSC is the most common cause of retinopathy after the age-related macular, retinal branch vein occlusion and diabetic retinopathy (6). (ac.ir)
This review will briefly summarize the abilities of in vivo human retinal microvasculature imaging in healthy controls, as well as patients with diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusion, and sickle cell retinopathy using AOSLO and discuss its potential contribution to scientific research and clinical applications. (biomedcentral.com)

On day nine, the scientists seeded retinal pigment epithelial cells on the flip side of the scaffold. (nih.gov)
The blood-retinal barrier and retinal pigment epithelium is responsible for the development of abnormal subretinal fluid in CSC (15). (ac.ir)
Liu Z, Yu N, Holz F, Yang F, Stanzel B. Enhancement of retinal pigment epithelial culture characteristics and subretinal space tolerance of scaffolds with 200 nm fiber topography. (labome.cn)
Thrombin induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition and collagen production by retinal pigment epithelial cells via autocrine PDGF-receptor signaling. (labome.cn)
Primordium of an artificial Bruch's membrane made of nanofibers for engineering of retinal pigment epithelium cell monolayers. (labome.cn)
Researchers at NEI have developed high efficiency methods for producing retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). (nih.gov)
The iPSCs are produced from somatic cells, including retinal pigment epithelial cells, such as fetal RPE. (nih.gov)

Other factors may also contribute to this edema, such as osmotic stress leading to Muller cell swelling, such as that reported with retinal detachment [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
It is characterized by idiopathic serous retinal detachment in macular or paramacular regions. (ac.ir)

A disorder characterized by idiopathic progressive, retinal telangiectasia with intraretinal and/or subretinal exudation. (mhmedical.com)

Unsupervised and unregulated transplants of bone marrow stem cells into sub-retinal space for retinal diseases have garnered considerable public attention and consequent Congressional interest. (nih.gov)
The technique provides a theoretically unlimited supply of patient-derived tissue to study degenerative retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). (nih.gov)
The present study aimed to explore the role of lactylation in retinal neovascularization and identify new therapeutic targets for retinal neovascular diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
If the same effect is shown in humans, the supplement could be used to reduce risk and potentially even treat some retinal diseases. (takethehealth.com)
Retinal microvascular imaging is an especially promising application of high resolution imaging since there are increasing options for therapeutic intervention and need for better structural and functional biomarkers to characterize ocular and systemic vascular diseases. (biomedcentral.com)

The retinal capillary endothelium is abnormally permeable. (mhmedical.com)

The pathophysiology of DME involves dilated capillaries, retinal microaneurysms, and loss of pericytes, with eventual impairment of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Affected vessels show a marked thickening of the basement membrane and widespread loss of endothelial cells and pericytes with subsequent disintegration of the blood-retinal barrier. (mhmedical.com)
and 3) accumulation of amyloid deposits in the retinal pericytes and blood vessels. (nih.gov)

Angiography evidence showed a choroid blood circulation disorder (12). (ac.ir)

Additional goals are to elucidate the mechanisms underlying CNS small blood and lymphatic vessels structural and functional heterogeneity, differential susceptibility to injury, role in disease and repair processes, and their responses to therapies. (nih.gov)
It is important to further elucidate the mechanisms of retinal neovascularization and discover new therapeutic targets. (biomedcentral.com)

In these older patients, those who administration of PEDF protein inhibits retinal neovas- require insulin are at a higher risk for retinopathy than cularization in hyperoxygenated neonatal mice. (who.int)
In the advanced stage called proliferative retinopathy, treatment consists of laser surgery to shrink the abnormal blood vessels. (nih.gov)
Since hypoxia in ischemic retinopathy is a precipitating factor for retinal neovascularization, lactylation is very likely to be involved in this process. (biomedcentral.com)
Microglial depletion by the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibitor PLX3397 suppresses retinal neovascularization in oxygen-induced retinopathy. (biomedcentral.com)
DHA levels have been linked to several retinal conditions, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and retinitis pigmentosa (RP). (takethehealth.com)

Ocular changes linked to FeLV are related to the ability of the virus to induce immunosuppression, hematologic changes and tumor formation, and include nodular uveal tumors, often with secondary uveitis, retinal dysplasia, retinal hemorrhages and pupillary changes. (vin.com)
In addition, drug penetration to the back of the eye following topical administration is limited due to multiple ocular barriers. (uri.edu)

This protein also impairs tumor growth and can protect against blood-retinal barrier breakdown in diabetes patients. (nih.gov)

Macroscopic features of the retinal vasculature, such as arteriolar narrowing, arteriovenous nicking, hemorrhages and microaneurysms have traditionally been used as signs of progressive cardiovascular disease, as well as hypertension and diabetes mellitus. (biomedcentral.com)

He has experience in materials science, drug delivery, nanotechnology, and physicochemical characterization of mucosal and tissue barriers to drug delivery systems. (uri.edu)

These rats, unlike control animals, showed reduced protein accumulation, which in turn preserved the number of retinal rods and cones and increased the light-induced electrical response in the rats' eyes. (nih.gov)
The retinal protein norrin may be deficient or abnormal. (mhmedical.com)

High blood-retinal barrier or retinal vascular leakage is believed to be responsible for DME and CME. (nih.gov)
CLT-003NP is a promising drug candidate because it has new and multiple targets and can achieve a sustained efficacy on retinal vascular leakage. (nih.gov)
After returning to a typical room air environment, which is relatively hypoxic, the incomplete retinal vascular network cannot meet the increasing metabolic demand. (biomedcentral.com)

However, laser therapy is not always effective, may destroy normal retinal tissues and is often accompanied by side effects. (nih.gov)
Involved in the transport of L-DOPA across the blood-brain barrier, and that of thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) across the cell membrane in tissues such as placenta. (nih.gov)
In addition, the strong direct backscattering signal from highly reflective tissues, such as the retinal nerve fiber layer and glial cells, masks the backscattered light from microvasculature, making it more difficult to image using this technique in the periphery [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

This problem is exacerbated because increased hydrostatic pressure may lead to dilatation and tortuosity of retinal arterioles, capillaries, and venules, which increases vessel wall tension and further disruption of the BRB according to LaPlace's Law [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
There are retinal telangiectasias and aneurysms of the capillaries, venules, and arterioles. (mhmedical.com)

Yet, most of studies focus on characterizing the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and degeneration of their axons. (nih.gov)
AOSLO overcomes a major obstacle in the study of retinal degeneration-the non-invasive measurement of cone photoreceptor cells and their rate of degeneration in the eyes of living subjects. (monroecountyfl.org)
AMPK modulation ameliorates dominant disease phenotypes of CTRP5 variant in retinal degeneration. (labome.cn)

Especially in cats, neovascularisation on the iris surface rapidly develops, with visible blood vessels ("rubeosis iridis") and change in the iris color. (vin.com)

By day 7, blood vessels fill in the space between the rows, forming a network of capillaries. (nih.gov)

Hempt C, Hirsch C, Hannig Y, Rippl A, Wick P, Buerki Thurnherr T. Investigating the effects of differently produced synthetic amorphous silica (E 0 2551) on the integrity and functionality of the human intestinal barrier using an advanced in 0 2vitro co-culture model. (labome.cn)
This is because it is challenging to get DHA in the form used for supplements, that cross the intestinal barrier, to also penetrate the blood-retinal barrier. (takethehealth.com)

In inflammation or infection, both barriers may collapse and permit the passage of larger molecules, inflammatory cells and blood cells into the eye. (vin.com)

This presentation will demonstrate a Multiscale Simulation Framework for Personalized Pharmacology , which combines mechanistic modeling and machine learning-based approaches for various components, with inputs of drug physicochemical properties, human physiology, drug ADME, whole-body PBPK and spatially resolved models of transport barriers (i.e. skin, intestine, airway mucosa, BBB, blood-retinal barrier). (nih.gov)

In most cases, the quite conclusive OCT (optical coherence tomography) and angiography is necessary to confirm the diagnosis and assess the extent and severity of retinal dysfunction and disease follow-up (9). (ac.ir)

This high resolution imaging technique shows significant potential for studying physiological and pathological conditions of the retinal microvasculature noninvasively. (biomedcentral.com)

A paradox led to her research: T cells must first be activated before they can enter the eye, but retinal antigens are not found outside the eye. (aao.org)
TIGHT JUNCTIONS joining adjacent cells keep the barrier between cells continuous. (nih.gov)
There is no integrated analysis addressing temporal alterations of different retinal cells in the neurovascular unit (NVU) in particular retinal vessels. (nih.gov)

Adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) is an emerging technology for improving in vivo imaging of the human retinal microvasculature, allowing unprecedented visualization of retinal microvascular structure, measurements of blood flow velocity, and microvascular network mapping. (biomedcentral.com)

Leukocyte adhesion/infiltration, and microglial recruitment/activation were constantly increased in the retinal ganglion cell layer of tau transgenic mice at different ages, while Müller cell gliosis was only detected in relatively older tau mice. (nih.gov)

Once the disease is discovered, patients can prevent its progression by controlling their blood pressure and their blood sugar and blood cholesterol levels. (nih.gov)
Studying microscopic features of the retinal vasculature would theoretically enable earlier detection of disease. (biomedcentral.com)
Discovery of the specific cellular and molecular changes related to this degradation could shed light on common aspects of Alzheimer's and retinal disease processes. (nih.gov)

Diffusion tensor imaging of the optic nerve in multiple sclerosis: Association with retinal damage and visual disability. (nih.gov)

In diabetic patients, hydrostatic pressure may be increased because of systemic hypertension and retinal ischemia, increasing the likelihood of exudation. (hindawi.com)

He was the first to identify the anatomical basis of the Blood-Retinal Barrier and initiated its clinical measurement by developing vitreous fluorometry, multimodal macular mapping and OCT-Leakage. (brancatoaward.eu)

Most often, however, it is diagnosed at 7 to 10 years of age by the onset of retinal telangiectasias with intraretinal and/or subretinal exudation. (mhmedical.com)

Liu Z, Meyer C, Fimmers R, Stanzel B. Indocyanine green concentrations used in chromovitrectomy cause a reversible functional alteration in the outer blood-retinal barrier. (labome.cn)

7. Dihydrotanshinone, a Natural Diterpenoid, Preserves Blood-Retinal Barrier Integrity via P2X7 Receptor. (nih.gov)

Recently, advances in high resolution imaging techniques such as adaptive optics and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) have expanded our ability to map the living human retinal vasculature noninvasively without the use of exogenous contrast agents [ 2 - 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Mok K, Mruk D, Cheng C. rpS6 regulates blood-testis barrier dynamics through Akt-mediated effects on MMP-9. (labome.cn)

A group of researchers has now shown that a different form of DHA they have developed can enter the retinal tissue- at least in mice. (takethehealth.com)
For each eye specimen, the researchers studied the retina's blood vessel structure, using an immunofluorescent staining technique and transmission electron microscopy. (nih.gov)

NHLBI Senior Investigator Véronique Roger , who is also a cardiologist, noted that heart failure can be prevented by following a heart-healthy lifestyle and that one of the biggest contributors to heart failure is high blood pressure, which Black men experience at disproportionately high levels. (nih.gov)
Blood sugar , blood pressure, and cholesterol levels that are too high. (cdc.gov)

Further studies by the team in mice bred to exhibit some of the symptoms of Alzheimer's showed that after six months of daily supplementation with LPC-DHA, these mice exhibited a 96% improvement in retinal DHA levels as well as preserved retinal structure and function. (takethehealth.com)

Population-wide principal component-based quantification of blood-brain-barrier dynamics in multiple sclerosis. (nih.gov)

Evolution of the blood-brain barrier in newly forming multiple sclerosis lesions. (nih.gov)

Our results suggest that YY1 lactylation in microglia plays an important role in retinal neovascularization by upregulating FGF2 expression. (biomedcentral.com)

Renal function may need to be assessed (electrolytes, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen). (mhmedical.com)

March 12, 2021 - Notice of Special Interest: Innovative Approaches or Technologies to Investigate Regional, Structural and Functional Heterogeneity of CNS Small Blood and Lymphatic Vessels in AD/ADRD. (nih.gov)

Blood-Retinal Barrier

Immune responses limit adenovirally mediated gene expression in the adult mouse eye. (1/301)

Effects of acetazolamide on passive and active transport of fluorescein across the normal BRB. (2/301)

Remodeling of retinal capillaries in the diabetic hypertensive rat. (3/301)

Physiology of rat retinal pericytes: modulation of ion channel activity by serum-derived molecules. (4/301)

Differential expression of endothelial beta-catenin and plakoglobin during development and maturation of the blood-brain and blood-retina barrier in the chicken. (5/301)

Labelling of retinal microglial cells following an intravenous injection of a fluorescent dye into rats of different ages. (6/301)

Breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier induced by activated T cells of nonneural specificity. (7/301)

Quantitative MR imaging study of intravitreal sustained release of VEGF in rabbits. (8/301)

Blood-retinal barrier

Koh Gou Young

Vascular endothelial growth factor

Chenghua Gu

Kim Kyu-won

Hyperbaric medicine

Blood-brain barrier

Vitreous body

MMP3

Charcot-Bouchard aneurysm

Lysophosphatidylcholine

Coomassie brilliant blue

Interleukin 1 beta

1-Lysophosphatidylcholine

Blood-ocular barrier

Secondary glaucoma

Retina

Intravitreal injection

Blood-thymus barrier

Macular telangiectasia

Coats' disease

List of MeSH codes (A09)

BRB

Retinal pigment epithelium

Intraocular lymphoma

Cerebroretinal microangiopathy with calcifications and cysts

Retrometabolic drug design

Retinopathy of prematurity

Diabetic retinopathy

Blood-air barrier

Brain

Brain-computer interface

High-altitude cerebral edema

Melatonin

Outline of the human brain

Neuroprotection

Blood barrier

Index of anatomy articles

Crocetin

Oligoclonal band

Hans Konrad Biesalski

Translational neuroscience

Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome

Lupus

Erythropoietin in neuroprotection

DNA damage-inducible transcript 3

Medical ultrasound

Ceruloplasmin

Ultrafast laser spectroscopy

Complications of hypertension

Gliosis

Tay-Sachs disease

Inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system

Epidemic dropsy

ATP-binding cassette transporter

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