AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaHealth Care
Pulmonary Gas ExchangeVentilation-Perfusion RatioNoble GasesBlood Gas AnalysisArrhythmia, SinusOxygenCarbon DioxidePulmonary CirculationPulmonary Diffusing CapacityRespiratory MechanicsPartial PressureRespiratory Dead SpaceOxygen ConsumptionRespirationGasesTidal VolumeLungPulmonary VentilationSmoke Inhalation InjuryRespiratory Function TestsPulmonary EdemaPhysical ExertionHepatopulmonary SyndromeHyperventilationRespiration, ArtificialExtravascular Lung WaterCardiac OutputExercise TestAnoxiaHemodynamicsRespiratory Distress Syndrome, AdultExerciseBicyclingPulmonary AlveoliLung DiseasesVital CapacitySpirometryHeart RateRespiratory TransportDogsLactic AcidForced Expiratory VolumeLung Volume MeasurementsNeonPositive-Pressure RespirationTime FactorsInhalationWater Loss, InsensiblePlant TranspirationLiquid VentilationImmersionChlorofluorocarbons, MethaneTemperatureWater
Pulmonary Gas Exchange: The exchange of OXYGEN and CARBON DIOXIDE between alveolar air and pulmonary capillary blood that occurs across the BLOOD-AIR BARRIER.Ventilation-Perfusion Ratio: The ratio of alveolar ventilation to simultaneous alveolar capillary blood flow in any part of the lung. (Stedman, 25th ed)Noble Gases: Elements that constitute group 18 (formerly the zero group) of the periodic table. They are gases that generally do not react chemically.Blood Gas Analysis: Measurement of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.Arrhythmia, Sinus: Irregular HEART RATE caused by abnormal function of the SINOATRIAL NODE. It is characterized by a greater than 10% change between the maximum and the minimum sinus cycle length or 120 milliseconds.Oxygen: An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.Carbon Dioxide: A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.Pulmonary Circulation: The circulation of the BLOOD through the LUNGS.Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity: The amount of a gas taken up, by the pulmonary capillary blood from the alveolar gas, per minute per unit of average pressure of the gradient of the gas across the BLOOD-AIR BARRIER.Respiratory Mechanics: The physical or mechanical action of the LUNGS; DIAPHRAGM; RIBS; and CHEST WALL during respiration. It includes airflow, lung volume, neural and reflex controls, mechanoreceptors, breathing patterns, etc.Partial Pressure: The pressure that would be exerted by one component of a mixture of gases if it were present alone in a container. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)Respiratory Dead Space: That part of the RESPIRATORY TRACT or the air within the respiratory tract that does not exchange OXYGEN and CARBON DIOXIDE with pulmonary capillary blood.Oxygen Consumption: The rate at which oxygen is used by a tissue; microliters of oxygen STPD used per milligram of tissue per hour; the rate at which oxygen enters the blood from alveolar gas, equal in the steady state to the consumption of oxygen by tissue metabolism throughout the body. (Stedman, 25th ed, p346)Respiration: The act of breathing with the LUNGS, consisting of INHALATION, or the taking into the lungs of the ambient air, and of EXHALATION, or the expelling of the modified air which contains more CARBON DIOXIDE than the air taken in (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed.). This does not include tissue respiration (= OXYGEN CONSUMPTION) or cell respiration (= CELL RESPIRATION).Gases: The vapor state of matter; nonelastic fluids in which the molecules are in free movement and their mean positions far apart. Gases tend to expand indefinitely, to diffuse and mix readily with other gases, to have definite relations of volume, temperature, and pressure, and to condense or liquefy at low temperatures or under sufficient pressure. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)Tidal Volume: The volume of air inspired or expired during each normal, quiet respiratory cycle. Common abbreviations are TV or V with subscript T.Lung: Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.Pulmonary Ventilation: The total volume of gas inspired or expired per unit of time, usually measured in liters per minute.Smoke Inhalation Injury: Pulmonary injury following the breathing in of toxic smoke from burning materials such as plastics, synthetics, building materials, etc. This injury is the most frequent cause of death in burn patients.Respiratory Function Tests: Measurement of the various processes involved in the act of respiration: inspiration, expiration, oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange, lung volume and compliance, etc.Pulmonary Edema: Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening.Physical Exertion: Expenditure of energy during PHYSICAL ACTIVITY. Intensity of exertion may be measured by rate of OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; HEAT produced, or HEART RATE. Perceived exertion, a psychological measure of exertion, is included.Hepatopulmonary Syndrome: A syndrome characterized by the clinical triad of advanced chronic liver disease, pulmonary vascular dilatations, and reduced arterial oxygenation (HYPOXEMIA) in the absence of intrinsic cardiopulmonary disease. This syndrome is common in the patients with LIVER CIRRHOSIS or portal hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PORTAL).Hyperventilation: A pulmonary ventilation rate faster than is metabolically necessary for the exchange of gases. It is the result of an increased frequency of breathing, an increased tidal volume, or a combination of both. It causes an excess intake of oxygen and the blowing off of carbon dioxide.Respiration, Artificial: Any method of artificial breathing that employs mechanical or non-mechanical means to force the air into and out of the lungs. Artificial respiration or ventilation is used in individuals who have stopped breathing or have RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY to increase their intake of oxygen (O2) and excretion of carbon dioxide (CO2).Extravascular Lung Water: Water content outside of the lung vasculature. About 80% of a normal lung is made up of water, including intracellular, interstitial, and blood water. Failure to maintain the normal homeostatic fluid exchange between the vascular space and the interstitium of the lungs can result in PULMONARY EDEMA and flooding of the alveolar space.Cardiac Output: The volume of BLOOD passing through the HEART per unit of time. It is usually expressed as liters (volume) per minute so as not to be confused with STROKE VOLUME (volume per beat).Exercise Test: Controlled physical activity which is performed in order to allow assessment of physiological functions, particularly cardiovascular and pulmonary, but also aerobic capacity. Maximal (most intense) exercise is usually required but submaximal exercise is also used.Anoxia: Relatively complete absence of oxygen in one or more tissues.Hemodynamics: The movement and the forces involved in the movement of the blood through the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult: A syndrome characterized by progressive life-threatening RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY in the absence of known LUNG DISEASES, usually following a systemic insult such as surgery or major TRAUMA.Exercise: Physical activity which is usually regular and done with the intention of improving or maintaining PHYSICAL FITNESS or HEALTH. Contrast with PHYSICAL EXERTION which is concerned largely with the physiologic and metabolic response to energy expenditure.Bicycling: The use of a bicycle for transportation or recreation. It does not include the use of a bicycle in studying the body's response to physical exertion (BICYCLE ERGOMETRY TEST see EXERCISE TEST).Pulmonary Alveoli: Small polyhedral outpouchings along the walls of the alveolar sacs, alveolar ducts and terminal bronchioles through the walls of which gas exchange between alveolar air and pulmonary capillary blood takes place.Lung Diseases: Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.Vital Capacity: The volume of air that is exhaled by a maximal expiration following a maximal inspiration.Spirometry: Measurement of volume of air inhaled or exhaled by the lung.Heart Rate: The number of times the HEART VENTRICLES contract per unit of time, usually per minute.Respiratory Transport: The processes of diffusion across the BLOOD-AIR BARRIER, and the chemical reactions coupled with diffusion that effect the rate of PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE, generally at the alveolar level.Dogs: The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed)Forced Expiratory Volume: Measure of the maximum amount of air that can be expelled in a given number of seconds during a FORCED VITAL CAPACITY determination . It is usually given as FEV followed by a subscript indicating the number of seconds over which the measurement is made, although it is sometimes given as a percentage of forced vital capacity.Lung Volume Measurements: Measurement of the amount of air that the lungs may contain at various points in the respiratory cycle.Neon: Neon. A noble gas with the atomic symbol Ne, atomic number 10, and atomic weight 20.18. It is found in the earth's crust and atmosphere as an inert, odorless gas and is used in vacuum tubes and incandescent lamps.Positive-Pressure Respiration: A method of mechanical ventilation in which pressure is maintained to increase the volume of gas remaining in the lungs at the end of expiration, thus reducing the shunting of blood through the lungs and improving gas exchange.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Inhalation: The act of BREATHING in.Water Loss, Insensible: Loss of water by diffusion through the skin and by evaporation from the respiratory tract.Plant Transpiration: The loss of water vapor by plants to the atmosphere. It occurs mainly from the leaves through pores (stomata) whose primary function is gas exchange. The water is replaced by a continuous column of water moving upwards from the roots within the xylem vessels. (Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)Liquid Ventilation: Artificial respiration (RESPIRATION, ARTIFICIAL) using an oxygenated fluid.Immersion: The placing of a body or a part thereof into a liquid.Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane: A group of methane-based halogenated hydrocarbons containing one or more fluorine and chlorine atoms.Temperature: The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.Water: A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaHealth Care
Pulmonary Gas ExchangeVentilation-Perfusion RatioNoble GasesBlood Gas AnalysisArrhythmia, SinusOxygenCarbon DioxidePulmonary CirculationPulmonary Diffusing CapacityRespiratory MechanicsPartial PressureRespiratory Dead SpaceOxygen ConsumptionRespirationGasesTidal VolumeLungPulmonary VentilationSmoke Inhalation InjuryRespiratory Function TestsPulmonary EdemaPhysical ExertionHepatopulmonary SyndromeHyperventilationRespiration, ArtificialExtravascular Lung WaterCardiac OutputExercise TestAnoxiaHemodynamicsRespiratory Distress Syndrome, AdultExerciseBicyclingPulmonary AlveoliLung DiseasesVital CapacitySpirometryHeart RateRespiratory TransportDogsLactic AcidForced Expiratory VolumeLung Volume MeasurementsNeonPositive-Pressure RespirationTime FactorsInhalationWater Loss, InsensiblePlant TranspirationLiquid VentilationImmersionChlorofluorocarbons, MethaneTemperatureWater
Alveolar capillary dysplasiaAlveolar capillary dysplasia
This results in poor gas exchange and pulmonary hypertension.[1] There is evidence for connections between pulmonary arteries ... Initial treatments attempt to improve low blood oxygenation and high pulmonary blood pressures. Because blood oxygen content is ... Pulmonary vasodilators like sildenafil or inhaled nitric oxide can be used to reduce pulmonary blood pressures.[6] For those ... congenital diffuse lung disease characterized by abnormal blood vessels in the lungs that cause highly elevated pulmonary blood ...
Dead space (physiology)Dead space (physiology)
permanent dead link] West, JB (2009). "Comparative physiology of the pulmonary blood-gas barrier: the unique avian solution". ... Burke, TV; Küng, M; Burki, NK (1989). "Pulmonary gas exchange during histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatic ... No gas exchange is possible in these spaces. In healthy lungs where the alveolar dead space is small, Fowler's method ... In physiology, dead space is the volume of air which is inhaled that does not take part in the gas exchange, either because it ...
Bronchial circulationBronchial circulation
... and most of it through pulmonary veins. Blood reaches from the pulmonary circulation into the lungs for gas exchange to ... It is complementary to the pulmonary circulation that brings deoxygenated blood to the lungs and carries oxygenated blood away ... Bronchial arteries that carry oxygenated blood to the lungs Pulmonary capillaries, where there is exchange of water, oxygen, ... Because of the dual blood supply to the lungs from both the bronchial and the pulmonary circulation, this tissue is more ...
MYH9MYH9
Tweed WA, Phua WT, Chong KY, Lim E, Lee TL (November 1991). "Large tidal volume ventilation improves pulmonary gas exchange ... "Blood. 124 (6): e4-e10. doi:10.1182/blood-2014-03-564328. PMC 4126341. PMID 24990887.. ... doi:10.1182/blood-2011-06-358853. PMC 3251230. PMID 21908426.. *^ Crish J, Conti MA, Sakai T, Adelstein RS, Egelhoff TT ( ... blood vessel endothelial cell migration. • establishment of T cell polarity. • myoblast fusion. • membrane protein ectodomain ...
Vagal toneVagal tone
A phenomenon improving pulmonary gas exchange and circulatory efficiency". Circulation. 94 (4): 842-7. doi:10.1161/01.cir.94.4. ... Accompanying changes in the vasculature (pressure, and blood oxygenation) around the heart, including the carotid and pulmonary ... Studies have shown that the efficiency of pulmonary gas exchange is improved by RSA, suggesting that RSA may play an active ... Atrial pressure is also lowered as a result of this, enabling more blood to return to the heart. As more blood enters the heart ...
Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in AnimalibusExercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus
... when the pulmonary circulation and gas exchange was proposed by Ibn Al-Nafis. Both long since proven theories are incomplete ... He also measured the amount of blood which it sent out to the body. He observed that with each beat two ounces of blood leave ... Where could all this blood come from? The answer seems to be that it is the same blood that is always returning. Moreover, the ... In the De motu cordis, Harvey investigated the effect of ligatures on blood flow. The book also argued that blood was pumped ...
PhosgenePhosgene
Its high toxicity arises from the action of the phosgene on the proteins in the pulmonary alveoli, the site of gas exchange: ... their damage disrupts the blood-air barrier, causing suffocation. It reacts with the amines of the proteins, causing ... If any refrigerant gas was leaking from a pipe or joint, the gas would be sucked into the flame through the sniffer tube and ... A colorless gas, in low concentrations its odor resembles freshly cut hay or grass. Phosgene is a valued industrial reagent and ...
Pulmonary contusionPulmonary contusion
Because gas exchange is impaired, signs of low blood oxygen saturation, such as low concentrations of oxygen in arterial blood ... However, blood gas levels may show no abnormality early in the course of pulmonary contusion. Chest X-ray is the most common ... The excess fluid interferes with gas exchange, potentially leading to inadequate oxygen levels (hypoxia). Unlike pulmonary ... When lacerations fill with blood, the result is pulmonary hematoma, a collection of blood within the lung tissue. Contusion ...
BichirBichir
Their lungs are highly vascularized to facilitate gas exchange. Deoxygenated arterial blood is brought to the lungs by paired ... and oxygenated blood leaves the lungs in pulmonary veins. Unlike most lungfish and tetrapods, their lungs are smooth sacs ... pulmonary arteries, which branch from the fourth efferent branchial arteries (artery from the fourth gill arch), ...
Pulmonary edemaPulmonary edema
... is fluid accumulation in the tissue and air spaces of the lungs. It leads to impaired gas exchange and may ... Low oxygen saturation and disturbed arterial blood gas readings support the proposed diagnosis by suggesting a pulmonary shunt ... It is due to either failure of the left ventricle of the heart to remove blood adequately from the pulmonary circulation ( ... Congestive heart failure which is due to the heart's inability to pump the blood out of the pulmonary circulation at a ...
Ventilation/perfusion ratioVentilation/perfusion ratio
... impairs pulmonary gas exchange and is a cause of low arterial partial pressure of oxygen (paO2). Excretion of carbon dioxide is ... The impact of gravity on pulmonary perfusion expresses itself as the hydrostatic pressure of the blood passing through the ... This matching may be assessed in the lung as a whole, or in individual or in sub-groups of gas-exchanging units in the lung. On ... As a contrast, this loss of surface area leads to decreased arterial pO2 due to impaired gas exchange (see Fick's laws of ...
Breath gas analysisBreath gas analysis
... related to both the breath sampling protocols as well as the complex physiological mechanisms underlying pulmonary gas exchange ... Breath gas concentration can then be related to blood concentrations via mathematical modeling as for example in blood alcohol ... Breath gas analysis is used in a number of breath tests. Asthma detection by exhaled nitric oxide Blood alcohol testing Lung ... The simplest model relating breath gas concentration to blood concentrations was developed by Farhi C A = C v ¯ λ b:air + V ˙ A ...
Adaptation to extrauterine lifeAdaptation to extrauterine life
... and an increase in the surface area available for gas exchange. Over the next 30 seconds the pulmonary blood flow increases and ... As the pulmonary circulation increases there is an equivalent reduction in the placental blood flow which normally ceases ... These two changes result in a rapid redirection of blood flow into the pulmonary vascular bed, from approximately 4% to 100% of ... Oxygenated blood now stimulates constriction of the umbilical arteries resulting in a reduction in placental blood flow. ...
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosisIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Abnormal pulmonary function test results, with evidence of restriction and impaired gas exchange. Some of these features are ... due to chronic hypoxemia (oxygen deficiency in the blood), are not specific for IPF, and can occur in other pulmonary disorders ... Complications may include pulmonary hypertension, heart failure, pneumonia, or pulmonary embolism. The cause is unknown. Risk ... 2011). "Familial pulmonary fibrosis is the strongest risk factor for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis". Respir Med. 105 (12): 1902 ...
Pulmonary hematomaPulmonary hematoma
Unlike contusions, hematomas do not usually interfere with gas exchange in the lung, but they do increase the risk of infection ... A pulmonary hematoma is a collection of blood within the tissue of the lung. It may result when a pulmonary laceration fills ... Pulmonary hematomas take longer to heal than simple pneumatoceles and commonly leave the lungs scarred. A pulmonary contusion ... An indication of more severe damage to the lung than pulmonary contusion, a hematoma also takes longer to clear. ...
Gas exchangeGas exchange
... of the mixed pulmonary venous blood is higher than that of the exhaled air, but lower than that of the inhaled air. Gas ... The gas-containing environmental water is drawn unidirectionally across the gas-exchange surface, with the blood-flow in the ... In a cocurrent flow system, the blood and gas (or the fluid containing the gas) move in the same direction through the gas ... These air sacs do not play a direct role in gas exchange, but help to move air unidirectionally across the gas exchange ...
LungLung
The major function of the lungs is gas exchange between the lungs and the blood. The alveolar and pulmonary capillary gases ... for gas exchange to occur. Since the blood gases in the alveolar capillaries equilibrate with those in the alveolar air, the ... The blood flow around the parabronchi and their atria forms a cross-current process of gas exchange (see diagram on the right ... The resistance in the lung's blood vessels decreases giving an increased surface area for gas exchange, and the lungs begins to ...
Radial artery punctureRadial artery puncture
... and the pH of arterial blood are important in assessing pulmonary function. These data indicate the status of gas exchange ... Radial artery puncture is a medical procedure performed to obtain a sample of arterial blood for gas analysis. Also it is ... Most commonly, femoral and radial artery puncture is performed to obtain arterial blood sampling for gas analysis. The partial ... A Positive Allen Test indicates the blood supply to the hand is normal. Coagulation defects (relative) It is important to ...
Carbonic anhydrase 4Carbonic anhydrase 4
Blood moves from the tissue capillary to the pulmonary capillary where CO2 is exchanged at the lung. In the pulmonary capillary ... CA IV has been identified in pulmonary epithelium of many mammalian species and may be uniquely adaptive for gas exchange ... CO2 in the plasma diffuses into the Red Blood Cell. CA is present within the Red Blood Cell, facilitating the conversion of CO2 ... to CO2 in the area immediately proximal to the exchange membrane, greatly increasing the concentration gradient for exchange. ...
Pulmonary rehabilitationPulmonary rehabilitation
... dead space ventilation Impaired gas exchange Increased ventilatory demands due to peripheral muscle dysfunction Gas exchange ... Aerobic exercise tends to improve the body's ability to use oxygen by decreasing the heart rate and blood pressure. ... CG101 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (update): full guideline Dowman, L; Hill, CJ; Holland, AE (Oct 6, 2014). "Pulmonary ... "Pulmonary Rehabilitation". eMedicine. Retrieved 8 June 2011. "Pulmonary Rehabilitation". AARC Clinical Practice Guideline. ...
SarafotoxinSarafotoxin
The same study also found marked disturbances in gas exchange and acid-base equilibrium after injection with the toxin. Acute ... Hypoxemia was associated with metabolic acidosis and the increase in the anion gap may have been due to increased blood ... Left ventricular relaxation is impaired which may induce an elevation in pulmonary microvascular hydrostatic pressure which ... high blood pressure, liver damage, hemorrhage, dyspnea, hypoxia, hypercapnia and disorders of cardiac activity. The reports of ...
Pathophysiology of heart failurePathophysiology of heart failure
... causing pulmonary edema. This impairs gas exchange. Thus, left-sided heart failure often presents with respiratory symptoms: ... The resultant low blood oxygen caused by pulmonary edema causes vasoconstriction in the pulmonary circulation, which results in ... The left side pumps blood into the systemic circulation, whilst the right side pumps blood into the pulmonary circulation. ... stiffening of the lungs and reduces the efficiency of gas exchange by increasing the distance between the air and the blood. ...
Circulatory systemCirculatory system
Gas exchange occurs in the lungs, whereby CO2 is released from the blood, and oxygen is absorbed. The pulmonary vein returns ... blood and blood vessels. It includes the pulmonary circulation, a "loop" through the lungs where blood is oxygenated; and the ... Instead of blood flowing through the pulmonary artery to the lungs, the sphincter may be contracted to divert this blood flow ... Blood is a fluid consisting of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets that is circulated by the heart ...
POEMS syndromePOEMS syndrome
... pulmonary hypertension, and impaired lung diffusion capacity), very high blood levels of the cytokine vascular endothelial ... and there may also be restriction of chest expansion or impaired gas exchange. Organomegaly: The liver may be enlarged, and ... increased in blood platelets and red blood cells). Other features of the disease include a tendency toward leukocytosis, blood ... 2003). "POEMS syndrome: definitions and long-term outcome". Blood. 101 (7): 2496-506. doi:10.1182/blood-2002-07-2299. PMID ...
John B. WestJohn B. West
Analysis of pulmonary gas exchange, particularly ventilation-perfusion relationships. Effects of gravity on lung mechanics. ... Measurement of inequality of ventilation and blood flow in the lung by using short-lived radioactive gases. High-altitude ... predominantly in the following areas of pulmonary physiology: Investigation of pulmonary function, particularly ventilation- ... Other roles include those with the NIH Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Study Section (1971-75; chairman, 1973-75), the Physiology ...
InhalationInhalation
gas exchange. *pulmonary gas pressures. *alveolar gas equation. *alveolar-arterial gradient. *hemoglobin ... Examples include pulmonary function testing (e.g. nitrogen washout test, diffusion capacity testing (carbon monoxide, helium, ... Gases and other drugs used in anaesthesia include oxygen, nitrous oxide, helium, xenon, volatile anaesthetic agents. Medication ... Inhalation (also known as inspiration) happens when air or other gases enter the lungs. ...
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaHealth Care
Pulmonary Gas ExchangeVentilation-Perfusion RatioNoble GasesBlood Gas AnalysisArrhythmia, SinusOxygenCarbon DioxidePulmonary CirculationPulmonary Diffusing CapacityRespiratory MechanicsPartial PressureRespiratory Dead SpaceOxygen ConsumptionRespirationGasesTidal VolumeLungPulmonary VentilationSmoke Inhalation InjuryRespiratory Function TestsPulmonary EdemaPhysical ExertionHepatopulmonary SyndromeHyperventilationRespiration, ArtificialExtravascular Lung WaterCardiac OutputExercise TestAnoxiaHemodynamicsRespiratory Distress Syndrome, AdultExerciseBicyclingPulmonary AlveoliLung DiseasesVital CapacitySpirometryHeart RateRespiratory TransportDogsLactic AcidForced Expiratory VolumeLung Volume MeasurementsNeonPositive-Pressure RespirationTime FactorsInhalationWater Loss, InsensiblePlant TranspirationLiquid VentilationImmersionChlorofluorocarbons, MethaneTemperatureWater
Hepatopulmonary syndrome as a cause of hypoxemia in hepatic diseases in children | Boletín Médico del Hospital Infantil de...Hepatopulmonary syndrome as a cause of hypoxemia in hepatic diseases in children | Boletín Médico del Hospital Infantil de...
2. Abnormalities in gas exchange (PaO2 15 mmHg). 3. Pulmonary capillary vascular dilatation4,5 ... Blood gases with 100% oxygen had the following values: pH 7.46, PaCO2 25.7 mmHg, PaO2 148.7 mmHg, HCO3 18.3 mEq/l and base ... Blood gases are subsequently measured after the patient has breathed oxygen at 100% for 10 min. It is positive when PaO2 is ... Arterial blood gases show respiratory alkalosis with hypoxemia. This finding is characteristic of hepatopulmonary syndrome ...
elsevier.es
Physiologic Dead Space Calculation • RespCalc - Respiratory CalculatorPhysiologic Dead Space Calculation • RespCalc - Respiratory Calculator
Physiological Dead Space ( Total Dead Space ) is the portion of a tidal volume that does not participate in gas exchange ... or does not get in contact with blood flowing through the pulmonary capillaries (Alveolar Dead Space). ... PaCO2: Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the arterial blood in mmHg. PeCO2: Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the ...
respcalc.com
9780077771508 - Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology | eCampus.com9780077771508 - Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology | eCampus.com
15.2 Pulmonary Ventilation 15.3 Gas Exchange and Transport Chapter 16The Urinary System 16.1 Functions of the Urinary System ... 13.4 General Anatomy of Blood Vessels 13.5 Physiology of Circulation 13.6 Circulatory Routes and Blood Vessels Chapter 14The ... Chapter 13The Circulatory System II-Heart and Blood Vessels 13.1 Overview of the Cardiovascular System 13.2 Gross Anatomy of ... Chapter 12The Circulatory System I-Blood 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Erythrocytes 12.3 Leukocytes 12.4 Platelets ...
ecampus.com
Adjustments in oxygen transport during head-out immersion in water at different temperaturesAdjustments in oxygen transport during head-out immersion in water at different temperatures
... and pulmonary tissue volume (Vti) were measured by a rebreathing technique with the inert gas Freon 22, and O2 consumption … ... Respiratory gas exchange was investigated in human subjects immersed up to the shoulders in water at different temperatures (Tw ... Arterial blood gases (PaO2, PaCO2) were analyzed by a micromethod, and alveolar gas (PAO2) was analyzed during quiet breathing ... Respiratory gas exchange was investigated in human subjects immersed up to the shoulders in water at different temperatures (Tw ...
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Effect of saline infusion for the maintenance of blood volume on pulmonary gas exchange during temporary abdominal aortic...Effect of saline infusion for the maintenance of blood volume on pulmonary gas exchange during temporary abdominal aortic...
We analyzed the effects of saline infusion for the maintenance of blood volume on pulmonary gas exchange in ischemia- ... Effect of saline infusion for the maintenance of blood volume on pulmonary gas exchange during temporary abdominal aortic ... Effect of saline infusion for the maintenance of blood volume on pulmonary gas exchange during temporary abdominal aortic ... Pulmonary gas exchange was impaired in the IRG-SS group as demonstrated by the increase of the alveolar-arterial oxygen ...
repositorio.unifesp.br
Effects on the pulmonary hemodynamics and gas exchange with a speed modulated right ventricular assist rotary blood pump: a...Effects on the pulmonary hemodynamics and gas exchange with a speed modulated right ventricular assist rotary blood pump: a...
Effects on the pulmonary hemodynamics and gas exchange with a speed modulated right ventricular assist rotary blood pump: a ... Besides blood transportation, another important function of the pulmonary circulation is gas exchange. Therefore, this study ... To investigate pulmonary hemodynamics and gas exchange with an implanted right RBP, a mathematical model of the complete ... Gas exchange model. The gaseous species considered in this study are mainly O2 and CO2. Gases come from the airway to the ...
europeanhealthjournal.com
Mechanisms of hemoglobin adaptation to high altitude hypoxiaMechanisms of hemoglobin adaptation to high altitude hypoxia
Oxygen / blood* * Pulmonary Gas Exchange * Species Specificity * Vertebrates / physiology Substances * Hemoglobins * Oxygen ...
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
A modelling study of atrial septostomy for pulmonary arterial hypertension, and its effect on the state of tissue oxygenation...A modelling study of atrial septostomy for pulmonary arterial hypertension, and its effect on the state of tissue oxygenation...
Atrial septostomy is performed in patients with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension, and has been shown to improve symptoms ... Oxygen / blood*. Oxygen Consumption*. Pulmonary Circulation*. Pulmonary Gas Exchange. Regional Blood Flow. Sensitivity and ... Blood Gas Analysis. Cardiac Surgical Procedures / methods. Computer Simulation. Hemodynamics. Hemoglobins / analysis. Humans. ... and systemic cardiac output in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and a fixed flow of blood to the lungs. We ...
biomedsearch.com
Effects of acute hypoxia on the estimation of lactate threshold from ventilatory gas exchange indices during an incremental...Effects of acute hypoxia on the estimation of lactate threshold from ventilatory gas exchange indices during an incremental...
... of this study was to investigate the validity of non-invasive lactate threshold estimation using ventilatory and pulmonary gas ... exchange indices under condition of acute hypoxia. Seven untrained males (21.4+/-1.2 years) performed two incre ... Lactic Acid / blood*. Male. Oxygen Consumption*. Pulmonary Gas Exchange*. Reproducibility of Results. Sensitivity and ... study was to investigate the validity of non-invasive lactate threshold estimation using ventilatory and pulmonary gas exchange ...
biomedsearch.com
Essentials of Anatomy & PhysiologyEssentials of Anatomy & Physiology
15.2 Pulmonary Ventilation 15.3 Gas Exchange and Transport Chapter 16 The Urinary System 16.1 Functions of the Urinary System ... 13.4 General Anatomy of Blood Vessels 13.5 Physiology of Circulation 13.6 Circulatory Routes and Blood Vessels Chapter 14 The ... 15.2 Pulmonary Ventilation 15.3 Gas Exchange and Transport Chapter 16 The Urinary System 16.1 Functions of the Urinary System ... 13.4 General Anatomy of Blood Vessels 13.5 Physiology of Circulation 13.6 Circulatory Routes and Blood Vessels Chapter 14 The ...
mheducation.com
Pathology of Asphyxial Death: Overview, Epidemiology, Mechanism of Morbidity and MortalityPathology of Asphyxial Death: Overview, Epidemiology, Mechanism of Morbidity and Mortality
Oxygen diffuses from the air into the blood (pulmonary gas exchange). *. Blood delivers oxygen to tissues (gas transport) ... Restriction of blood flow. Restriction of blood flow from and to the brain is typically the major feature in nonjudicial ... Second, blood flow and oxygen content are normal; however, the blood does not release oxygen appropriately, or the cells do not ... 16] However, subsequent studies using more accurate measuring techniques (arterial blood gas measurements) failed to confirm ...
emedicine.medscape.com
Cunninghams Textbook of Veterinary Physiology, 6th Edition - 9780323552271Cunningham's Textbook of Veterinary Physiology, 6th Edition - 9780323552271
Pulmonary Blood Flow 47. Gas Exchange 48. Gas Transport in the Blood 49. Control of Ventilation 50. Nonrespiratory Functions of ... Capillaries and Fluid Exchange 24. Local Control of Blood Flow 25. Neural and Hormonal Control of Blood Pressure and Blood ... Cerebrospinal Fluid and the Blood-Brain Barrier 16. The Electroencephalogram and Sensory-Evoked Potentials 17. Hearing ...
evolve.elsevier.com
Free Anatomy Flashcards about ANAT-CH23-TESTFree Anatomy Flashcards about ANAT-CH23-TEST
gas exchange between pulmonary blood and alveoli when you inspire what happens to the thoracic cavity it increases ... how does blood give oxygen to areas in need and pick up carbon dioxide waste by traveling to the extremities of the body ... what is pulmonary ventilation moving air in and out of the lungs ... gas exchange between blood and body cell what is external ... elasticity of the lungs decreases, vital capacity decreases, blood oxygen levels decrease, more risk of respiratory tract ...
studystack.com
Epithelial Tissues Flashcards by Rosie Hobster | BrainscapeEpithelial Tissues Flashcards by Rosie Hobster | Brainscape
Gas exchange epithelium (pulmonary alveoli) - Bowmans capsule. - Loop of Henle 17 What are the functions of simple squamous ... Blood radiates heat through skin - Sweat glands - produce sweat, water is caused to evaporate by heat from blood. ... Gas exchange - Barrier (Bowmans capsule) - Active transport by pinocytosis (mesothelium and endothelium). ... A thin layer of connective tissue which attaches the epithelium to adjacent tissues (also carries blood vessels and nerves).. ...
brainscape.com
Ventilation-perfusion distributions and gas exchange during carbon dioxide-pneumoperitoneum in a porcine modelVentilation-perfusion distributions and gas exchange during carbon dioxide-pneumoperitoneum in a porcine model
... blood flow; single photon emission computed tomography; ventilation/perfusion distribution; gas exchange; hypoxic pulmonary ... blood flow, gas exchange, laparoscopy, lung, measurement techniques, model, pig, respiratory, surgery National Category Medical ... SPECT/MIGET and central haemodynamics and pulmonary gas exchange were recorded during anaesthesia before and 60 min after ... In view of the apparently contradictory results in respiratory mechanics and gas exchange, the present studies were performed ...
uu.diva-portal.org
American Physiological Society > Perspectives in...American Physiological Society > Perspectives in...
Blood Gas Transport and Analysis • Lung Liquid and Solute Exchange • Pulmonary Blood Flow and Gas Exchange • Mechanics of Lung ... pulmonary capillaries and alveoli, morphology, gas exchange and blood flow, mechanics, control of ventilation, and comparative ... The volume covers every aspect of the evolution of this important area of knowledge: morphology, gas exchange and blood flow, ... Covers aspects such as morphology, gas exchange and blood flow, mechanics, control of ventilation, and comparative physiology ...
the-aps.org
Effect of muscle temperature on rate of oxygen uptake during exercise in humans at different contraction frequencies | Journal...Effect of muscle temperature on rate of oxygen uptake during exercise in humans at different contraction frequencies | Journal...
Pulmonary gas exchange was continuously measured throughout the exercise trial. Blood samples for the determination of blood ... The pulmonary gas exchange data were averaged between two repeated trials. Blood samples were obtained on only one occasion for ... Blood lactate levels. Consistent with the changes in pulmonary V̇O2, the effect of heating the legs was to increase (at 60 revs ... The concentration of blood lactate was determined fluorimetrically using the supernatant from the deproteinised blood (Maughan ...
jeb.biologists.org
Intensive Care - 3rd EditionIntensive Care - 3rd Edition
Monitoring inspired and expired gas composition; Measurement of respiratory gas exchange;. Blood gas analysis and acid-base ... Pulmonary ventilation and gas exchange; Mixed venous oxygen tension; Lung volumes; Lung mechanics and work of breathing; ... In vivo blood gas measurement; Other indices of pulmonary oxygen transfer and lung function. 7 RESPIRATORY SUPPORT:. Negative- ... Blood pressure; Pre-load; Cardiac output and myocardial function; Assessment of tissue perfusion and oxygenation. 5 SHOCK, ...
elsevier.com
Modelling Methodology for Physiology and Medicine. Edition No. 2Modelling Methodology for Physiology and Medicine. Edition No. 2
Mathematical modelling of pulmonary gas exchange 14. Acid- base modelling 15. Insulin modelling 16. Glucose modelling 17. Blood ... exchange modelling 18. Stochastic modelling of physiological systems 19. Tumour growth modelling for drug development 20. ...
researchandmarkets.com
Patent US6227196 - Apparatus and method for non-invasively measuring cardiac output - Google PatentsPatent US6227196 - Apparatus and method for non-invasively measuring cardiac output - Google Patents
The method of the invention includes estimating the cardiac output or pulmonary capillary blood flow of a patient based on ... A computer program for calculating the cardiac output or pulmonary capillary blood flow of a patient is also disclosed. ... Apparatus and methods for non-invasively determining the cardiac output or pulmonary capillary blood flow of a patient using ... Method and apparatus for measuring pulmonary blood flow by pulmonary exchange of oxygen and an inert gas with the blood. ...
google.com
Alcor 1997 Stabilization and Transport Manual - Chapter 6 - Cardiopulmonary Support and RespirationAlcor 1997 Stabilization and Transport Manual - Chapter 6 - Cardiopulmonary Support and Respiration
the quality of the distribution of blood through the vessels. * pulmonary function - the efficiency of gas exchange mechanisms ... Cooling causes blood vessels to become constricted, blood viscosity to increase, and red cells to clump together. Oxygen ... hemodilution - the concentration of red blood cells. * cardiac output - a product of the pressure and volume of arterial blood ... pulmonary obstruction - pulmonary function may be impaired by edema or other obstruction ...
alcor.org
Respiratory system, Information about Respiratory systemRespiratory system, Information about Respiratory system
Pulmonary ventilation, or breathing, exchanges gases between the outside airand the alveoli of the lungs. Ventilation, which is ... oxygen-laden blood to the body cells and picks up carbon dioxide.The term respiration describes the exchange of gases across ... These providean enormous surface area for gas exchange. Spread flat, the average adult males respiratory surface would be ... There, the blood in the lung capillaries readily absorbs oxygen and gives off carbon dioxide gathered from the body cells. The ...
faqs.org
Alveolar capillary dysplasia - WikipediaAlveolar capillary dysplasia - Wikipedia
This results in poor gas exchange and pulmonary hypertension.[1] There is evidence for connections between pulmonary arteries ... Initial treatments attempt to improve low blood oxygenation and high pulmonary blood pressures. Because blood oxygen content is ... Pulmonary vasodilators like sildenafil or inhaled nitric oxide can be used to reduce pulmonary blood pressures.[6] For those ... congenital diffuse lung disease characterized by abnormal blood vessels in the lungs that cause highly elevated pulmonary blood ...
en.wikipedia.org
Lung collapse in the diving sea lion | Biology LettersLung collapse in the diving sea lion | Biology Letters
Additionally, we present the first evidence for resumption of pulmonary gas exchange upon ascent. This supplementation of blood ... starts to increase towards the end of the dive) were determined for each serial deep dive (figure 1). As pulmonary gas exchange ... profiles during diving can provide evidence for lung collapse and be used to estimate the depth at which pulmonary gas exchange ... at about 225 m depth are consistent with dramatic reduction of gas exchange owing to alveolar collapse and/or pulmonary shunt. ...
rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org
L1.3 Lungs, pleura, bronchial tree Flashcards by Matthew Lam | BrainscapeL1.3 Lungs, pleura, bronchial tree Flashcards by Matthew Lam | Brainscape
Pulmonary blood supply for gas exchange, follows similar branching pattern as airways ...
brainscape.com
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaHealth Care
Pulmonary Gas ExchangeVentilation-Perfusion RatioNoble GasesBlood Gas AnalysisArrhythmia, SinusOxygenCarbon DioxidePulmonary CirculationPulmonary Diffusing CapacityRespiratory MechanicsPartial PressureRespiratory Dead SpaceOxygen ConsumptionRespirationGasesTidal VolumeLungPulmonary VentilationSmoke Inhalation InjuryRespiratory Function TestsPulmonary EdemaPhysical ExertionHepatopulmonary SyndromeHyperventilationRespiration, ArtificialExtravascular Lung WaterCardiac OutputExercise TestAnoxiaHemodynamicsRespiratory Distress Syndrome, AdultExerciseBicyclingPulmonary AlveoliLung DiseasesVital CapacitySpirometryHeart RateRespiratory TransportDogsLactic AcidForced Expiratory VolumeLung Volume MeasurementsNeonPositive-Pressure RespirationTime FactorsInhalationWater Loss, InsensiblePlant TranspirationLiquid VentilationImmersionChlorofluorocarbons, MethaneTemperatureWater
CapillariesCapillariesAlveolarCapillary bloodVesselsLungHypertensionCirculationArtery pressureCardiac OutputHypoxicInternal respirationTissuesArteriesDiffusionImproved pulmonary functionRespiratory SystemMechanical ventilationVasculatureHemodynamicsVeinsSacsCOPDObstructive pulmonary diseasesOccurPneumoniaDiagnosisSpirometryCarbon dioxide in the bMean pulmonary arterialTotal pulmonary resistanceHypoxemiaDiseasesVenous BloodRespirationCirculatoryPerfusionOxygen contentVisualize pulmonaryFunction abnormalitiesBloodstreamLungs for gas exchangeBronchial treeImpairmentFluidHumans
Capillaries1
Capillaries30
Alveolar26
Capillary blood6
Vessels18
Lung54
  • Lung collapse and subsequent lack of gas exchange have long been considered the mechanisms that limit nitrogen absorption and decrease the risk of decompression sickness in deep-diving marine mammals [ 1 , 2 ]. (royalsocietypublishing.org)
  • In elephant seals, Weddell seals and dolphins, estimates of the depth of lung collapse, based on blood/tissue nitrogen measurements, have ranged from 20 to 70 m [ 3 , 5 , 6 ]. (royalsocietypublishing.org)
  • In harbour seals and California sea lions, lung collapse was estimated at depths as deep as 160-170 m from pulmonary shunt determinations [ 4 ]. (royalsocietypublishing.org)
  • Evidence for lung collapse (cessation of gas exchange) and estimation of its depth in free-diving animals are thus critical in the modelling of blood nitrogen uptake and distribution, and in the evaluation of the potential for decompression sickness in marine mammals [ 9 , 11 , 12 ], especially considering the reports of decompression sickness in deep-diving ziphiid whales stranded after exposure to naval sonar [ 11 , 13 ]. (royalsocietypublishing.org)
  • profiles during diving can provide evidence for lung collapse and be used to estimate the depth at which pulmonary gas exchange ceases (or at least significantly decreases). (royalsocietypublishing.org)
  • We hypothesized that the depth of lung collapse would be approximately 160-180 m, consistent with the previous pulmonary shunt studies in sea lions [ 4 ]. (royalsocietypublishing.org)
  • We recently found that mechanical ventilation of mice increases the level of pulmonary adenosine, and that mice deficient for extracellular adenosine generation show increased pulmonary edema and inflammation after ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). (jci.org)
  • In bone marrow-chimeric A2BAR mice, although the pulmonary inflammatory response involved A2BAR signaling from bone marrow-derived cells, A2BARs located on the lung tissue attenuated VILI-induced albumin leakage and pulmonary edema. (jci.org)
  • A pulmonary contusion, also known as lung contusion, is a bruise of the lung, caused by chest trauma. (wikipedia.org)
  • Unlike pulmonary laceration, another type of lung injury, pulmonary contusion does not involve a cut or tear of the lung tissue. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pulmonary contusion and laceration are injuries to the lung tissue. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pulmonary laceration, in which lung tissue is torn or cut, differs from pulmonary contusion in that the former involves disruption of the macroscopic architecture of the lung, while the latter does not. (wikipedia.org)
  • When lacerations fill with blood, the result is pulmonary hematoma, a collection of blood within the lung tissue. (wikipedia.org)
  • A collapsed lung can result when the pleural cavity (the space outside the lung) accumulates blood (hemothorax) or air (pneumothorax) or both (hemopneumothorax). (wikipedia.org)
  • However, pulmonary contusion is frequently associated with signs (objective indications) and symptoms (subjective states), including those indicative of the lung injury itself and of accompanying injuries. (wikipedia.org)
  • Gas exchange and ventilation-perfusion relationships in the lung. (ersjournals.com)
  • Therefore, we hypothesized that mechanical ventilation and concomitant stretch-exposure of pulmonary epithelia could activate endogenous pathways important in lung protection. (nih.gov)
  • Pharmacologic studies with HIF activator or inhibitor treatment implicated HIF1A-stabilization in attenuating pulmonary edema and lung inflammation during ALI in vivo. (nih.gov)
  • A patient is considered beryllium sensitized when they have a positive blood BeLPT but no abnormal lung pathology. (cdc.gov)
  • The purpose of the lung is to bring air and blood into contact so that O can be added to the blood and CO 2 removed. (tabers.com)
  • Asthma, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia, cardiac ischemia, interstitial lung disease, and psychogenic causes account for 85 percent of patients with this principal symptom. (aafp.org)
  • Formal pulmonary function testing may be needed to establish a diagnosis of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or interstitial lung disease. (aafp.org)
  • High-resolution computed tomography is particularly useful for diagnosing interstitial lung disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, bronchiectasis, or pulmonary embolism. (aafp.org)
  • High-resolution computed tomographic scanning should be considered when chronic pulmonary emboli, interstitial lung disease, or bronchiectasis are suspected. (aafp.org)
  • Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common complication of chronic hypoxic lung diseases, which increase morbidity and mortality. (ahajournals.org)
  • Sustained pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common complication of chronic hypoxic lung diseases that is strongly associated with increased morbidity and reduced survival. (ahajournals.org)
  • The result is that your lung capacity diminishes, oxygen exchange is diminished, and you feel increasingly short of breath. (dreddyclinic.com)
  • Measurements of lung function, gas exchange during wakefulness and sleep, as well as functional exercise capacity, were recorded before and immediately after the establishment of HMV. (nih.gov)
  • Generally, laboratory technologists and respiratory therapists perform all needed blood work and lung-function testing. (encyclopedia.com)
  • Pulmonary Circulation and Pulmonary Function in Neonatal Lung Hypoplasia:Treatment with Corticosteroids. (ebscohost.com)
  • But bronchial circulation supplies fully oxygenated arterial blood to the lung tissues themselves. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thirty-two subjects gave consent (53% male, with mean ± standard deviation age 66±9 years, smoking 35±29 pack-years, and Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) classification of 0-4: 2.3±0.8), filled out the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) to measure quality of life, had a complete blood count drawn, and underwent spirometry. (dovepress.com)
  • The intrabreath (IB) technique for lung diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (IBDLCO) and pulmonary blood flow (IBQc, at rest) was also performed. (dovepress.com)
  • Moreover, the properties of 129Xe enable images to be acquired with multiple forms of contrast including ventilation, lung microstructure, and regional gas exchange. (centerwatch.com)
  • The bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from a patient with CBD typically reveals evidence of lung inflammation, indicated by an elevated white blood cell count with an increased number of lymphocytes. (cdc.gov)
  • Lung histopathology reveals interstitial infiltration with mononuclear cells, well-defined noncaseating granulomas (sometimes with multinucleated giant cells and calcific inclusions), and varying degrees of pulmonary fibrosis (Meyer 1994). (cdc.gov)
  • 2001). For many patients with CBD, results of resting pulmonary function tests, including spirometry values, lung volumes, and carbon monoxide-diffusing capacity (DLCO), are normal but resting and exercise arterial blood gas levels indicate hypoxemia. (cdc.gov)
  • Of those with pulmonary function abnormalities, one third of patients present with an obstructive pattern, one fourth with a restrictive pattern of decreased lung volumes, one third with an isolated decreased DLCO, and the remainder have a mixed pattern of obstruction and restriction with varying amounts of gas exchange abnormality (Newman and Maier 2001). (cdc.gov)
  • The tests measure lung volume and capacity, flow rates and gas exchange. (mercy.net)
  • For patients with debilitating lung diseases, the doctor often will order PFTs every few months or yearly to monitor for any changes in pulmonary function and progression of their lung disease," Bell said. (mercy.net)
  • Pulmonary function testing refers to a battery of routinely performed lung function tests that include spirometry, lung volumes, and diffusing capacity. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
  • Additional determinants include hemoglobin concentration, hemoglobin affinity for CO, and red blood cell flow through the lung. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
  • The routine battery of pulmonary function tests described here may be supplemented with more specialized tests of lung function when clinically indicated. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
  • Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) is critically important in regionally heterogeneous lung diseases by directing blood toward better-oxygenated lung units, yet the molecular mechanism of HPV remains unknown. (asahq.org)
  • Pulmonary hypertension associated with acute or chronic lung diseases in the preterm and term neonate and infant. (bmj.com)
  • When pulmonary hypertension (PH) persists despite adequate treatment, the severity of parenchymal lung disease should be assessed by chest CT. (bmj.com)
  • In older preterm infant, where PH is mainly associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) or in term infants with developmental lung anomalies such as congenital diaphragmatic hernia or cardiac anomalies, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction/left atrial hypertension or pulmonary vein stenosis, can add to the complexity of the disease. (bmj.com)
  • The results of this study indicate that the Jacobs Stewart cycle/erythrocyte Cl − metabolism can also act as a safety factor for the stability of lung fluid redistribution preserving optimal diffusion distance across the blood gas barrier. (frontiersin.org)
  • Chronic silicosis initially causes no symptoms or only mild dyspnea but over years can advance to involve most of the lung and cause dyspnea, hypoxemia, pulmonary hypertension, and respiratory impairment. (merckmanuals.com)
  • But with higher-intensity or more prolonged exposures (complicated chronic silicosis), these nodules coalesce and cause progressive fibrosis and reduction of lung volumes (total lung capacity, vital capacity) on pulmonary function tests, or they coalesce, sometimes forming large conglomerate masses (called progressive massive fibrosis). (merckmanuals.com)
  • Thematic areas include neutrophil and platelet biology as applied to a variety of pulmonary disease states including acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation, and cystic fibrosis. (ucsf.edu)
  • A major interest is the application of multiphoton intravital lung microscopy as a discovery tool to aid in the study of lung biology, including novel studies on the role of the pulmonary circulation in platelet biogenesis and the hematopoietic potential of the lung. (ucsf.edu)
  • Mechanisms of acute lung injury from blood transfusions. (ucsf.edu)
  • Mallavia B, Kwaan N, Marschner S, Yonemura S, Looney MR . Mirasol pathogen reduction technology treatment of human whole blood does not induce acute lung injury in mice. (ucsf.edu)
Hypertension19
Circulation14
Artery pressure4
Cardiac Output3
Hypoxic9
Internal respiration2
Tissues10
Arteries8
Diffusion1
Improved pulmonary function1
Respiratory System1
Mechanical ventilation3
Vasculature2
Hemodynamics2
Veins3
Sacs1
  • One common type of hypoxemic respiratory failure, which occurs in both adults and premature infants , is respiratory distress syndrome , a condition in which fluid or tissue changes or physical immaturity prevent oxygen from passing out of the lungs' air sacs into the circulating blood. (encyclopedia.com)
COPD3
Obstructive pulmonary diseases1
  • Bremerich DH, Hachenberg T (2007) Anesthesia and restrictive and obstructive pulmonary diseases. (springer.com)
Occur5
Pneumonia2
  • Pulmonary contusion is associated with complications including pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome, and it can cause long-term respiratory disability. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mg/kg three times more likely than an enlarged sella or pituitary deficiency of alkaline phosphatase reduced in adrenal insufficiency these patients devel-oped pneumonia and pyelonephritis, in obstructive pulmonary disease in children aged wk. (visitmayberry.com)
Diagnosis3
Spirometry6
  • The history and physical examination should guide selection of initial diagnostic tests such as electrocardiogram, chest radiograph, pulse oximetry, spirometry, complete blood count, and metabolic panel. (aafp.org)
  • During the initial evaluation, consider the following tests as guided by the clinical examination: electrocardiogram, chest radiograph, complete blood count, metabolic panel, spirometry, and pulse oximetry. (aafp.org)
  • Schmidt, T, Munns, S, Adams, L, and Hicks, JW (2013) The use of spirometry to evaluate pulmonary function in the Olive Ridley Sea Turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) with positive buoyancy disorder. (uci.edu)
  • Spirometry is one of the most commonly ordered tests of pulmonary function. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
  • Spirometry, which can be performed either in specialized pulmonary function laboratories or in physicians' offices, measures airflow during forceful exhalation. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
  • Because spirometry requires active patient participation, the patient must be cooperative and able to follow requests of the pulmonary technician. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
Carbon dioxide in the b1
Mean pulmonary arterial1
  • We studied 20 adult mongrel dogs weighing 12 to 23 kg divided into two groups: ischemia-reperfusion group (IRG, N = 10) and IRG submitted to saline infusion for the maintenance of mean pulmonary arterial wedge pressure between 10 and 20 mmHg (IRG-SS, N = 10). (unifesp.br)
Total pulmonary resistance1
  • In addition, airway conductance is increased and total pulmonary resistance is reduced, possibly as a result of the influence of progesterone. (medscape.com)
Hypoxemia2
Diseases1
Venous Blood2
Respiration4
Circulatory2
Perfusion2
Oxygen content2
Visualize pulmonary1
  • HPV was assessed by using isolated perfused mouse lungs or by intravital microscopy to directly visualize pulmonary arterioles in mice. (asahq.org)
Function abnormalities1
Bloodstream1
Lungs for gas exchange1
Bronchial tree1
  • The lungs are innervated by parasympathetic fibers via the vagus nerve and sympathetic fibers from the anterior and posterior pulmonary plexuses to the smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchial tree. (tabers.com)
Impairment1
  • Dynamic 129 Xe spectroscopy is a simple and sensitive tool that probes the temporal variability of gas exchange and may prove useful in discerning the underlying causes of its impairment. (duke.edu)
Fluid4
Humans1
  • The levels of gas used in this protocol are within the previously derived safe limits for both animals and humans. (centerwatch.com)