Blood Preservation
Organ Preservation
Organ Preservation Solutions
Fertility Preservation
Raffinose
Cryopreservation
Semen Preservation
Allopurinol
Freeze Drying
Cold Ischemia
Organ Sparing Treatments
Fossils
Mannitol
Reperfusion Injury
Mummies
Fixatives
Storage of cord blood attracts private-sector interest. (1/586)
Storage of cord blood from their babies can cost parents several hundred dollars, and some private companies are already offering the service. Janis Hass reports that some Canadian specialists question the value of the banks. (+info)Freezer anthropology: new uses for old blood. (2/586)
Archived blood fractions (plasma, settled red cells, white cells) have proved to be a rich and valuable source of DNA for human genetic studies. Large numbers of such samples were collected between 1960 and the present for protein and blood group studies, many of which are languishing in freezers or have already been discarded. More are discarded each year because the usefulness of these samples is not widely understood. Data from DNA derived from 10-35-year-old blood samples have been used to address the peopling of the New World and of the Pacific. Mitochondrial DNA haplotypes from studies using this source DNA support a single wave of migration into the New World (or a single source population for the New World), and that Mongolia was the likely source of the founding population. Data from Melanesia have shown that Polynesians are recent immigrants into the Pacific and did not arise from Melanesia. (+info)Correlation of cytokine elaboration with mononuclear cell adhesion to platelet storage bag plastic polymers: a pilot study. (3/586)
The basis for many febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions associated with platelet transfusion therapy is cytokine elaboration and accumulation in the storage bag, which correlate with the leukocyte content and the length of platelet storage. We propose that a possible additional variable in the elaboration and accumulation of cytokines is the differential adhesion of mononuclear cells to the plastic substrate of the platelet storage bag. We hypothesize that mononuclear cell adhesion-induced cytokine release is greater in random-donor platelet bags composed of the polyolefin polymer compared to the single-donor apheresis platelet bags composed of the polyvinyl chloride polymer with the tri-(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate (TEHTM) plasticizer. For four blood donors, we demonstrate preferential mononuclear cell adhesion, in vitro, to discs of polyolefin polymer versus discs of polyvinyl chloride polymer with the TEHTM plasticizer. Scanning electron microscopy corroborates this. In addition, proinflammatory cytokine (interleukin 1beta [IL-1beta] and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-alpha]) levels are greater in culture wells containing discs of polyolefin polymer than in those containing discs of polyvinyl chloride polymer with the TEHTM plasticizer, and even more so in storage bags containing polyolefin polymer versus polyvinyl chloride polymer with the TEHTM plasticizer (IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-8). This study suggests, for the first time, that differential plastic substrate mononuclear cell adhesion may contribute to cytokine release during platelet storage. This may represent an additional variable in the pathophysiology of febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions in patients receiving stored platelet units. (+info)Heat treatment of normal human sera reveals antibodies to bactericidal permeability-inducing protein (BPI). (4/586)
Heat treatment of normal sera to 56 degrees C for 30 min, a common procedure for the inactivation of viruses, e.g. HIV, reveals the presence of antibodies to neutrophil cytoplasm antigens (ANCA), as detected by indirect immunofluorescence on ethanol-fixed human neutrophils and by antigen-specific ELISA for BPI. Reactivity was not seen to the other common vasculitis-associated antigens proteinase 3 (PR3) or myeloperoxidase (MPO). The effect of temperature was maximal at 56 degrees C, with substantial antibody demonstrable after only 5 min at this temperature. In experiments using polyethylene glycol (PEG)6000 to remove immune complexes, the effect of heating could be abrogated by preincubation with 8% PEG, which suggested that these anti BPI antibodies might be complexed in sera. After passage of normal plasma over a protein G column, the acid-eluted fraction contained elevated levels of antibodies to BPI but not to other vasculitis-associated antigens such as PR3 or MPO, nor to glomerular basement membrane (GBM), the Goodpasture antigen which is recognized by the pathogenically important human antibodies shown to mediate nephritis in transfer experiments. Moreover the levels of anti-BPI in the IgG fraction could be augmented by preincubation with glycine pH 2.5 for 30 min. This anti-BPI activity could be inhibited by addition of the unbound material from the protein G column and this inhibitory material was not heat-labile at 56 degrees C. The molecular specificity of this autoreactivity was confirmed using recombinant BPI in coincubation experiments and the epitope localized to the C or N terminal moieties by the use of recombinant fusion proteins. (+info)Monitoring oral anticoagulant treatment from plasma stored for up to 48 hours and frozen plasma. (5/586)
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The number of patients being referred for lifelong anticoagulant treatment has increased markedly in the last years. The prothrombin time test is sometimes difficult to perform the same day as sample collection. The aim of this study is to determine International Normalized Ratio (INR) and vitamin-K dependent factor levels of frozen plasma and plasma stored for up 48 hours. DESIGN AND METHODS: The INR of 84 patients receiving acenocoumarol were determined fresh (0 hours), on samples stored between 2 degrees C and 8 degrees C for 24 hours and 48 hours, and on frozen samples (-40 degrees C) using 4 different thromboplastin reagents (Thromboplastin IS; Thromborel; Simplastin; and Thromboplastin D+G). In addition, factors II, VII, IX, X were determined in 34 of these patients in all these situations. We used the interclass correlation coefficient to compare the results obtained at 0 hours and the results obtained in the subsequent measurements. Both measurement and proportional errors were also estimated by linear regression analysis. RESULTS: The correlation coefficient of the INR between fresh and frozen plasma was 0.98, 0.98, 0.92 and 0.97 for IS, Thromborel, Simplastin and D+G respectively. The correlation between 0 and 24 hours was 0. 98, 0.91, 0.95 and 0.85 for IS, Thromborel, Simplastin and D+G respectively. By 48 hours although IS still had r=0.94, Thromborel, Simplastin, and D+G had r=0.55, r=0.50 and r=0.81, respectively. By 24 hours in stored plasma and in frozen plasma the activity of vitamin-K dependent factors was slightly reduced (r=0.97 at 24h/r=0. 94 with frozen plasma for factor II, r=0.92/0.96 for factor VII, r=0. 83/0.98 for factor IX, and r=0.98/0.95 for factor X). By 48 hours however, significant reductions were noted in the activity of these factors (r=0.94 for factor II, r=0.88 for factor VII, r=0.70 for factor IX, and r=0.98 for factor X). INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: The INR can be reliable determined in frozen plasma and in plasma stored at 2-8 degrees C for up to 24 hours. (+info)Assessment of the stability of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide in vitro: implications for assessment of left ventricular dysfunction. (6/586)
Plasma concentrations of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) are raised in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. Measurement of this peptide has a potential diagnostic role in the identification and assessment of patients with heart failure. The stability of this peptide over time periods and conditions pertaining to routine clinical practice has not been reported previously. Blood samples were obtained from 15 subjects. One aliquot was processed immediately, and the remaining portions of the blood samples were stored for 24 h or 48 h at room temperature or on ice prior to processing. Plasma concentrations of NT-proBNP were measured with a novel immunoluminometric assay developed within our laboratory. Mean plasma concentrations of NT-proBNP were not significantly different whether blood samples were centrifuged immediately and stored at -70 degrees C or kept at room temperature or on ice for 24 h or 48 h. The mean percentage differences from baseline (reference standard) were +5.2% (95% confidence interval +18.2 to -7.8%) and +0.8% (+15.2 to -13.7%) after storage for 24 h at room temperature or on ice respectively, and +8.9% (+24.2 to -6. 5%) and +3.2% (+15.1 to -0.9%) for storage for 48 h at room temperature or on ice respectively. Pearson correlation coefficients for baseline NT-proBNP concentrations compared with levels at 48 h at room temperature or on ice were r=0.89 and r=0.83 respectively (both P<0.0001). Thus NT-proBNP extracted from plasma samples treated with EDTA and aprotinin is stable under conditions relevant to clinical practice. (+info)Preanalytical variables affecting the quantification of fatty acid ethyl esters in plasma and serum samples. (7/586)
BACKGROUND: Fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) are cytotoxic nonoxidative ethanol metabolites produced by esterification of fatty acids and ethanol. FAEEs are detectable in blood up to 24 h after ethanol consumption. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of gender, serum or plasma triglyceride concentration, time and temperature of specimen storage, type of alcoholic beverage ingested, and the rate of ethanol consumption on FAEE concentrations in plasma or serum. METHODS: For some studies, subject were recruited volunteers; in others, residual blood samples after ethanol quantification were used. FAEEs were isolated by solid-phase extraction and quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS: For weight-adjusted amounts of ethanol intake, FAEE concentrations were twofold greater for men than women (P /=24 h. The type of alcoholic beverage and rate of consumption did not affect FAEE concentrations. CONCLUSION: These studies advance plasma and serum FAEE measurements closer to implementation as a clinical test for ethanol intake. (+info)Increased serum transferrin saturation is associated with lower serum transferrin receptor concentration. (8/586)
BACKGROUND: Serum transferrin receptor (sTfR) concentrations are increased in iron deficiency. We wished to examine whether they are decreased in the presence of potential iron-loading conditions, as reflected by increased transferrin saturation (TS) on a single occasion. METHODS: We compared sTfR concentrations between 570 controls with normal iron status and 189 cases with increased serum TS on a single occasion; these latter individuals may be potential cases of iron overload. Cases and controls were selected from adults who had been examined in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994) and for whom excess sera were available to perform sTfR measurements after the survey's completion. Increased TS was defined as >60% for men and >55% for women; normal iron status was defined as having no evidence of iron deficiency, iron overload, or inflammation indicated by serum ferritin, TS, erythrocyte protoporphyrin, and C-reactive protein. RESULTS: Mean sTfR and mean log sTfR:ferritin were approximately 10% and 24% lower, respectively, in cases than in controls (P <0.002). Cases were significantly more likely to have an sTfR value <2.9 mg/L, the lower limit of the reference interval, than were controls (odds ratio = 1.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-2.37). CONCLUSION: Our results support previous studies that suggested that sTfR may be useful for assessing high iron status in populations. (+info)Blood preservation refers to the process of keeping blood viable and functional outside of the body for transfusion purposes. This is typically achieved through the addition of various chemical additives, such as anticoagulants and nutrients, to a storage solution in which the blood is contained. The preserved blood is then refrigerated or frozen until it is needed for transfusion.
The goal of blood preservation is to maintain the structural integrity and functional capacity of the red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, as well as the coagulation factors, in order to ensure that the transfused blood is safe and effective. Different storage conditions and additives are used for the preservation of different components of blood, depending on their specific requirements.
It's important to note that while blood preservation extends the shelf life of donated blood, it does not last indefinitely. The length of time that blood can be stored depends on several factors, including the type of blood component and the storage conditions. Regular testing is performed to ensure that the preserved blood remains safe and effective for transfusion.
Organ preservation is a medical technique used to maintain the viability and functionality of an organ outside the body for a certain period, typically for transplantation purposes. This process involves cooling the organ to slow down its metabolic activity and prevent tissue damage, while using specialized solutions that help preserve the organ's structure and function. Commonly preserved organs include hearts, livers, kidneys, lungs, and pancreases. The goal of organ preservation is to ensure that the transplanted organ remains in optimal condition until it can be successfully implanted into a recipient.
Organ preservation solutions are specialized fluids used to maintain the viability and functionality of organs ex vivo (outside the body) during the process of transplantation. These solutions are designed to provide optimal conditions for the organ by preventing tissue damage, reducing metabolic activity, and minimizing ischemic injuries that may occur during the time between organ removal from the donor and implantation into the recipient.
The composition of organ preservation solutions typically includes various ingredients such as:
1. Cryoprotectants: These help prevent ice crystal formation and damage to cell membranes during freezing and thawing processes, especially for organs like the heart and lungs that require deep hypothermia for preservation.
2. Buffers: They maintain physiological pH levels and counteract acidosis caused by anaerobic metabolism in the absence of oxygen supply.
3. Colloids: These substances, such as hydroxyethyl starch or dextran, help preserve oncotic pressure and prevent cellular edema.
4. Electrolytes: Balanced concentrations of ions like sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, and bicarbonate are essential for maintaining physiological osmolarity and membrane potentials.
5. Energy substrates: Glucose, lactate, or other energy-rich compounds can serve as fuel sources to support the metabolic needs of the organ during preservation.
6. Antioxidants: These agents protect against oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation induced by ischemia-reperfusion injuries.
7. Anti-inflammatory agents and immunosuppressants: Some solutions may contain substances that mitigate the inflammatory response and reduce immune activation in the transplanted organ.
Examples of commonly used organ preservation solutions include University of Wisconsin (UW) solution, Histidine-Tryptophan-Ketoglutarate (HTK) solution, Custodiol HTK solution, and Euro-Collins solution. The choice of preservation solution depends on the specific organ being transplanted and the duration of preservation required.
Biological preservation is the process of preventing decomposition or decay of biological materials, such as tissues, cells, organs, or organisms, in order to maintain their structural and functional integrity for further studies, research, education, or conservation purposes. This can be achieved through various methods, including fixation, freezing, drying, or the use of chemical preservatives. The goal is to maintain the samples in a stable state so that they can be examined, analyzed, or used in experiments at a later time.
Fertility preservation is a medical procedure or treatment that is aimed at protecting and preserving the reproductive function and potential of an individual, typically before undergoing medical treatments that can potentially compromise their fertility. This may involve the cryopreservation (freezing) and storage of gametes (sperm or eggs), embryos, or reproductive tissues, such as ovarian or testicular tissue, for future use.
Fertility preservation is often recommended for individuals who are facing medical treatments that can have a negative impact on their fertility, such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or surgical removal of reproductive organs. It may also be considered for individuals with conditions that can affect their fertility, such as certain genetic disorders or autoimmune diseases.
The goal of fertility preservation is to allow individuals to have biological children in the future, even if their fertility is compromised by medical treatments or conditions. The success of fertility preservation depends on several factors, including the age and health of the individual at the time of preservation, the type and duration of the medical treatment, and the quality of the preserved gametes or tissues.
Raffinose is a complex carbohydrate, specifically an oligosaccharide, that is composed of three sugars: galactose, fructose, and glucose. It is a non-reducing sugar, which means it does not undergo oxidation reactions like reducing sugars do.
Raffinose is found in various plants, including beans, cabbage, brussels sprouts, broccoli, and whole grains. It is a member of the class of carbohydrates known as alpha-galactosides.
In humans, raffinose cannot be digested because we lack the enzyme alpha-galactosidase, which is necessary to break down the bond between galactose and glucose in raffinose. As a result, it passes through the small intestine intact and enters the large intestine, where it is fermented by gut bacteria. This fermentation process can lead to the production of gases such as methane and hydrogen, which can cause digestive discomfort, bloating, and flatulence in some individuals.
It's worth noting that raffinose has been studied for its potential prebiotic properties, as it can promote the growth of beneficial gut bacteria. However, excessive consumption may lead to digestive issues in sensitive individuals.
Cryopreservation is a medical procedure that involves the preservation of cells, tissues, or organs by cooling them to very low temperatures, typically below -150°C. This is usually achieved using liquid nitrogen. The low temperature slows down or stops biological activity, including chemical reactions and cellular metabolism, which helps to prevent damage and decay.
The cells, tissues, or organs that are being cryopreserved must be treated with a cryoprotectant solution before cooling to prevent the formation of ice crystals, which can cause significant damage. Once cooled, the samples are stored in specialized containers or tanks until they are needed for use.
Cryopreservation is commonly used in assisted reproductive technologies, such as the preservation of sperm, eggs, and embryos for fertility treatments. It is also used in research, including the storage of cell lines and stem cells, and in clinical settings, such as the preservation of skin grafts and corneas for transplantation.
Semen preservation is the process of collecting, liquefying, testing, and storing semen samples for future use in assisted reproductive technologies (ART) such as artificial insemination (AI), in vitro fertilization (IVF), or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). The semen sample is usually collected through masturbation, and then it is mixed with a cryoprotectant solution to prevent damage during the freezing and thawing process. After that, the sample is divided into straws or vials and frozen in liquid nitrogen tanks at temperatures below -196°C. Properly preserved semen can be stored for many years without significant loss of quality or fertility potential. Semen preservation is often recommended for men who are about to undergo medical treatments that may affect their sperm production or fertility, such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy, or for those who wish to postpone fatherhood for personal or medical reasons.
Allopurinol is a medication used to treat chronic gout and certain types of kidney stones. It works by reducing the production of uric acid in the body, which is the substance that can cause these conditions when it builds up in high levels. Allopurinol is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, meaning it blocks an enzyme called xanthine oxidase from converting purines into uric acid. By doing this, allopurinol helps to lower the levels of uric acid in the body and prevent the formation of new kidney stones or gout attacks.
It is important to note that allopurinol can have side effects, including rash, stomach upset, and liver or kidney problems. It may also interact with other medications, so it is essential to inform your healthcare provider of any other drugs you are taking before starting allopurinol. Your healthcare provider will determine the appropriate dosage and monitoring schedule based on your individual needs and medical history.
Food preservation, in the context of medical and nutritional sciences, refers to the process of treating, handling, and storing food items to reduce the risk of foodborne illness and to extend their shelf life. The goal is to prevent the growth of pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, yeasts, and mold, as well as to slow down the oxidation process that can lead to spoilage.
Common methods of food preservation include:
1. Refrigeration and freezing: These techniques slow down the growth of microorganisms and enzyme activity that cause food to spoil.
2. Canning: This involves sealing food in airtight containers, then heating them to destroy microorganisms and inactivate enzymes.
3. Dehydration: Removing water from food inhibits the growth of bacteria, yeasts, and molds.
4. Acidification: Adding acidic ingredients like lemon juice or vinegar can lower the pH of food, making it less hospitable to microorganisms.
5. Fermentation: This process involves converting sugars into alcohol or acids using bacteria or yeasts, which can preserve food and also enhance its flavor.
6. Irradiation: Exposing food to small doses of radiation can kill bacteria, parasites, and insects, extending the shelf life of certain foods.
7. Pasteurization: Heating food to a specific temperature for a set period of time can destroy harmful bacteria while preserving the nutritional value and taste.
Proper food preservation is crucial in preventing foodborne illnesses and ensuring the safety and quality of the food supply.
Freeze-drying, also known as lyophilization, is a method of preservation that involves the removal of water from a frozen product by sublimation, which is the direct transition of a solid to a gas. This process allows for the preservation of the original shape and structure of the material while significantly extending its shelf life. In medical contexts, freeze-drying can be used for various purposes, including the long-term storage of pharmaceuticals, vaccines, and diagnostic samples. The process helps maintain the efficacy and integrity of these materials until they are ready to be reconstituted with water and used.
Cold ischemia is a medical term that refers to the loss of blood flow and subsequent lack of oxygen delivery to an organ or tissue, which is then cooled and stored in a solution at temperatures between 0-4°C (32-39°F) for the purpose of transplantation. The term "cold" indicates the temperature range, while "ischemia" refers to the lack of blood flow and oxygen delivery to the tissue.
During cold ischemia, the metabolic activity of the organ or tissue slows down significantly, which helps to reduce the rate of cellular damage that would otherwise occur due to the absence of oxygen and nutrients. However, even with cold storage, there is still some degree of injury to the organ or tissue, and this can affect its function after transplantation.
The duration of cold ischemia time is an important factor in determining the success of a transplant procedure. Prolonged cold ischemia times are associated with increased risk of poor organ function and rejection, as well as decreased graft survival rates. Therefore, it is essential to minimize the cold ischemia time as much as possible during organ transplantation to ensure optimal outcomes for the recipient.
"Freezing" is a term used in the medical field to describe a phenomenon that can occur in certain neurological conditions, most notably in Parkinson's disease. It refers to a sudden and temporary inability to move or initiate movement, often triggered by environmental factors such as narrow spaces, turning, or approaching a destination. This can increase the risk of falls and make daily activities challenging for affected individuals.
Freezing is also known as "freezing of gait" (FOG) when it specifically affects a person's ability to walk. During FOG episodes, the person may feel like their feet are glued to the ground, making it difficult to take steps forward. This can be very distressing and debilitating for those affected.
It is important to note that "freezing" has different meanings in different medical contexts, such as in the field of orthopedics, where it may refer to a loss of joint motion due to stiffness or inflammation. Always consult with a healthcare professional for accurate information tailored to your specific situation.
Organ sparing treatments refer to medical interventions that are designed to preserve the structure and function of an organ, while still effectively treating the underlying disease or condition. These treatments can include surgical techniques, radiation therapy, or medications that aim to target specific cells or processes involved in the disease, while minimizing damage to healthy tissues.
Organ sparing treatments may be used in a variety of medical contexts, such as cancer treatment, where the goal is to eliminate malignant cells while preserving as much normal tissue as possible. For example, radiation therapy may be delivered with precise techniques that limit exposure to surrounding organs, or medications may be used to target specific receptors on cancer cells, reducing the need for more extensive surgical interventions.
Similarly, in the context of kidney disease, organ sparing treatments may include medications that help control blood pressure and reduce proteinuria (protein in the urine), which can help slow the progression of kidney damage and potentially delay or prevent the need for dialysis or transplantation.
Overall, organ sparing treatments represent an important area of medical research and practice, as they offer the potential to improve patient outcomes, reduce treatment-related morbidity, and maintain quality of life.
A laryngectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of the larynx, also known as the voice box. This is typically performed in cases of advanced laryngeal cancer or other severe diseases of the larynx. After the surgery, the patient will have a permanent stoma (opening) in the neck to allow for breathing. The ability to speak after a total laryngectomy can be restored through various methods such as esophageal speech, tracheoesophageal puncture with a voice prosthesis, or electronic devices.
In the field of medicine, "time factors" refer to the duration of symptoms or time elapsed since the onset of a medical condition, which can have significant implications for diagnosis and treatment. Understanding time factors is crucial in determining the progression of a disease, evaluating the effectiveness of treatments, and making critical decisions regarding patient care.
For example, in stroke management, "time is brain," meaning that rapid intervention within a specific time frame (usually within 4.5 hours) is essential to administering tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), a clot-busting drug that can minimize brain damage and improve patient outcomes. Similarly, in trauma care, the "golden hour" concept emphasizes the importance of providing definitive care within the first 60 minutes after injury to increase survival rates and reduce morbidity.
Time factors also play a role in monitoring the progression of chronic conditions like diabetes or heart disease, where regular follow-ups and assessments help determine appropriate treatment adjustments and prevent complications. In infectious diseases, time factors are crucial for initiating antibiotic therapy and identifying potential outbreaks to control their spread.
Overall, "time factors" encompass the significance of recognizing and acting promptly in various medical scenarios to optimize patient outcomes and provide effective care.
In medical terms, "fossils" do not have a specific or direct relevance to the field. However, in a broader scientific context, fossils are the remains or impressions of prehistoric organisms preserved in petrified form or as a mold or cast in rock. They offer valuable evidence about the Earth's history and the life forms that existed on it millions of years ago.
Paleopathology is a subfield of paleontology that deals with the study of diseases in fossils, which can provide insights into the evolution of diseases and human health over time.
"Cold temperature" is a relative term and its definition can vary depending on the context. In general, it refers to temperatures that are lower than those normally experienced or preferred by humans and other warm-blooded animals. In a medical context, cold temperature is often defined as an environmental temperature that is below 16°C (60.8°F).
Exposure to cold temperatures can have various physiological effects on the human body, such as vasoconstriction of blood vessels near the skin surface, increased heart rate and metabolic rate, and shivering, which helps to generate heat and maintain body temperature. Prolonged exposure to extreme cold temperatures can lead to hypothermia, a potentially life-threatening condition characterized by a drop in core body temperature below 35°C (95°F).
It's worth noting that some people may have different sensitivities to cold temperatures due to factors such as age, health status, and certain medical conditions. For example, older adults, young children, and individuals with circulatory or neurological disorders may be more susceptible to the effects of cold temperatures.
Mannitol is a type of sugar alcohol (a sugar substitute) used primarily as a diuretic to reduce brain swelling caused by traumatic brain injury or other causes that induce increased pressure in the brain. It works by drawing water out of the body through the urine. It's also used before surgeries in the heart, lungs, and kidneys to prevent fluid buildup.
In addition, mannitol is used in medical laboratories as a medium for growing bacteria and other microorganisms, and in some types of chemical research. In the clinic, it is also used as an osmotic agent in eye drops to reduce the pressure inside the eye in conditions such as glaucoma.
It's important to note that mannitol should be used with caution in patients with heart or kidney disease, as well as those who are dehydrated, because it can lead to electrolyte imbalances and other complications.
Reperfusion injury is a complex pathophysiological process that occurs when blood flow is restored to previously ischemic tissues, leading to further tissue damage. This phenomenon can occur in various clinical settings such as myocardial infarction (heart attack), stroke, or peripheral artery disease after an intervention aimed at restoring perfusion.
The restoration of blood flow leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory mediators, which can cause oxidative stress, cellular damage, and activation of the immune system. This results in a cascade of events that may lead to microvascular dysfunction, capillary leakage, and tissue edema, further exacerbating the injury.
Reperfusion injury is an important consideration in the management of ischemic events, as interventions aimed at restoring blood flow must be carefully balanced with potential harm from reperfusion injury. Strategies to mitigate reperfusion injury include ischemic preconditioning (exposing the tissue to short periods of ischemia before a prolonged ischemic event), ischemic postconditioning (applying brief periods of ischemia and reperfusion after restoring blood flow), remote ischemic preconditioning (ischemia applied to a distant organ or tissue to protect the target organ), and pharmacological interventions that scavenge ROS, reduce inflammation, or improve microvascular function.
In the field of medicine and particularly in forensic pathology, mummies are human or animal bodies that have been preserved naturally or intentionally after death, through processes such as desiccation (drying), freezing, or exposure to chemicals like salt or smoke. The study of mummies, known as mummy science or mummy studies, can provide valuable insights into various aspects including the biological characteristics, health conditions, dietary habits, and cultural practices of past civilizations.
Fixatives are substances used in histology and pathology to preserve tissue specimens for microscopic examination. They work by stabilizing the structural components of cells and tissues, preventing decomposition and autolysis. This helps to maintain the original structure and composition of the specimen as closely as possible, allowing for accurate diagnosis and research. Commonly used fixatives include formalin, glutaraldehyde, methanol, and ethanol. The choice of fixative depends on the specific type of tissue being preserved and the intended use of the specimen.
Thomas P. Stossel
Kidney paired donation
National Kidney Registry
Ötzi
Ernest Beutler
Francis Peyton Rous
Isolated brain
University of Virginia School of Medicine
Neva Abelson
Blood bank
Peterburgian Vedism
South American land mammal age
Itaboraian
Histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate
Casamayoran
Intestine transplantation
Peligran
Fresh frozen plasma
Chinstrap penguin
Trisodium citrate
Lesional demyelinations of the central nervous system
Xin Zhui
2019 in arthropod paleontology
Incest
The Kinks Are the Village Green Preservation Society
Jackson Blood Cobblestone House
House v. Bell
James Howard Brown
Pneumatic tube
MOG antibody disease
Newborn stem cell preservation and cord blood banking reviews | BabyCenter
Single-molecule genome-wide mutation profiles of cell-free DNA for non-invasive detection of cancer | Nature Genetics
Top Published Expert Doctors for Blood Preservation
Thomas P. Stossel - Wikipedia
Dr. Charles Drew: Pioneer In Blood Plasma Preservation | Thrivers Inspire Healing™
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WHO HQ Library catalog
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Transcript Index
Michael MENZE | Associate Dean Research and Innovation | PhD | University of Louisville, Kentucky | UL | Department of Biology ...
Dominican Republic Molecular Blood Typing, Grouping Infectious Disease
Rapid Survey and Assessment of the Northern Sportive Lemur, Lepilemur septentrionalis, in Northern Madagascar
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Beetroot Bulls Blood | Kōanga
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Frontiers | Attenuated P. falciparum Parasite Shows Cytokine Variations in Humanized Mice
Stem cell preservation1
- The top newborn stem cell preservation and cord blood bank for parents is CBR. (babycenter.com)
Transfusion12
- Association for the Advancement of Blood & Biotherapies (AABB) - formerly known as the American Association of Blood Banks, the AABB is a not-for-profit organization 'representing individuals and institutions involved in the field of transfusion medicine and biotherapies. (babycenter.com)
- At Columbia University he furthered his studies in relation to blood chemistry and preservation, fluid balance and transfusion with John Schuder. (thriversinspire.com)
- Transfusion of blood preserved by freezing / by S. Sumida. (who.int)
- Blood transfusion : a technical and clinical care / Syed Abdul Mujeeb. (who.int)
- Liquid nitrogen preservation of red blood cells for transfusion. (psu.edu)
- Over-all recovery of the cells was greater than 90% and post-transfusion survival of the recovered red cells was comparable to survival of fresh, unfrozen blood. (psu.edu)
- Dive into the research topics of 'Liquid nitrogen preservation of red blood cells for transfusion. (psu.edu)
- This module includes Patient/ Donor Registration, Invoice & Billing, Packing Information, Cord Blood Issuues, Transplant Center Feedback Information, Dispose Bags, CBU Barcode Status, Post Transfusion Information screens along with various reports related to this module for view and printing purposes. (netripples.com)
- They give Aurthur Coga a transfusion of blood in which he recovered from nicely. (timetoast.com)
- He was the first to perform a human to human blood transfusion but he never published his work. (timetoast.com)
- James Blundell was the first to record the human to human blood transfusion. (timetoast.com)
- He performs the first blood transfusion using the help of cross matching. (timetoast.com)
Baby's cord blood2
- Once you decide to preserve your newborn's stem cells by banking your baby's cord blood in a private bank, choosing a cord blood bank is your next important decision. (babycenter.com)
- Preserving your baby's cord blood is better than a life insurance policy. (justmommies.com)
Donation3
- This module includes Blood Donation Center Lab, Microbiology Lab Modules along with various reports related to this module for view and printing purposes. (netripples.com)
- He coined the term blood bank which is a blood donation, collection, and preservation facility. (timetoast.com)
- Lacuna signed a Deed of Donation with the said foundation which footed the expenses for the establishment of a blood bank in the said hospital. (journal.com.ph)
Vessels2
- If you have diabetes, vascular disease (a condition that affects blood vessels and circulation) or peripheral artery disease (PAD), you may be at risk for amputation if these conditions are not well controlled. (christianacare.org)
- He then determines that they make up the bulk of clots formed in blood vessels. (timetoast.com)
19401
- Dr. Drew's calling for the urgency of his invention of preserving blood plasma was in September of 1940 when New York area hospitals participated in the Blood for Britain project in preparation for World War II. (thriversinspire.com)
Components4
- The process by which blood or its components are kept viable outside of the organism from which they are derived (i.e., kept from decay by means of a chemical agent, cooling, or a fluid substitute that mimics the natural state within the organism). (findexpertmd.com)
- Guide to the preparation, use and quality assurance of blood components : recommendation no. (who.int)
- Dr. Schweitzer's early research into preservation of soft tissue components began as a graduate student at Montana State University in the 1990's. (carleton.edu)
- components · information needed on requisitions or forms · handling urgent requests · collection, labeling, preservation and transport · safety practices (leaking or broken containers, contaminated forms, other biohazards) · evaluating, processing, and tracking samples · storage, retention, and disposal. (who.int)
Tissue5
- Tissue Preservation (2,730). (findexpertmd.com)
- The developing genre of tissue engineering tends to build more and more belief on the cord-blood banking as just by replacing a part of damaged cells by the cryopreserved stem cells causes the new ones to redevelop and take the place of the old damaged portions of the cells. (sooperarticles.com)
- The other was the discovery of soft-tissue preservation of blood vessel-like structures within the same individual. (carleton.edu)
- More recently, Dr. Schweitzer has been researching the nature of molecular and soft-tissue preservation in dinosaurs and some early bird material. (carleton.edu)
- The physiological responses to haemorrhage in mammals are aimed at the preservation of blood pressure and tissue perfusion. (scialert.net)
Organ1
- We also want to translate] our approach to the preservation of exotic cell types and organs, such as the liver, since our center already has a very active cell and organ preservation research thrust. (impactlab.com)
Registry2
- This will be our second time using Cord Blood Registry. (babycenter.com)
- You may even save money by booking in advance (cord blood registry). (cordblood-banking.org)
Cord21
- To help you choose, BabyCenter looked at real-parent recommendations, surveyed moms about private banks, and created an overview of reviews for BabyCenter parents' top five cord blood banks. (babycenter.com)
- Rounding out the top five most popular private cord blood banks for surveyed BabyCenter moms and dads are Americord, Cryo-Cell, MiracleCord, and Viacord. (babycenter.com)
- Why did parents choose a cord blood bank? (babycenter.com)
- According to the FDA, 'Establishments that perform any of the manufacturing steps for cord blood must register with FDA and list their products and each of the manufacturing steps they perform. (babycenter.com)
- Why Preserve Cord Blood? (justmommies.com)
- Can HLHS be Treated by Preservation of The Cord Blood Stem Cells? (sooperarticles.com)
- is a comprehensive solution designed to automate the activities of the Stem Cell and Cord Blood. (netripples.com)
- This module includes This module includes Samples Sent to Labs, Cord Blood Processing, LNT Long Term Storage, Results Verification, CD34 Pre/Post Processing Test Results, Retrieve Units, Disposal of Units, Barcode Search. (netripples.com)
- Umbilical cord blood banking of Maywood is an amazing frontier of medical science that is being explored rapidly and new concepts and process are emerging daily. (cordblood-banking.org)
- Many people in Maywood, California have now begun to anticipate scientific discovery and plan to store the cord blood of their baby so that the basic material is available in the future. (cordblood-banking.org)
- There are some very successful Maywood public cord blood banks as well. (cordblood-banking.org)
- They accept donations of cord blood from any mother and offer it to any sick person who will benefit from the transplant. (cordblood-banking.org)
- In this manner, thepublic cord blood bank offers a valuable service to the public. (cordblood-banking.org)
- However, many people feel that they could preserve the cord blood of their baby for his own use in the future. (cordblood-banking.org)
- This type of cord blood storage in Maywood, California is of course only possible in a private cord blood bank. (cordblood-banking.org)
- Selecting a private cord blood bank is not something to be done casually. (cordblood-banking.org)
- Therefore, you will need to be able to compare cord blood banks. (cordblood-banking.org)
- Here are some suggestions to help you compare cord blood banks effectively. (cordblood-banking.org)
- Agreed, cord blood storage is a relatively new service, but the bank in California you select should have been active in the field of medical sample preservation for some time. (cordblood-banking.org)
- The cord blood banks you select should be financially secure and should be a profit making concern. (cordblood-banking.org)
- A cord blood bank that is properly certified and accredited to professional organizations will follow industry best practices. (cordblood-banking.org)
Samples3
- It is suitable for the collection, preservation and transportation of various common virus samples. (whdsbio.cn)
- To examine changes in circulating proteins in response to verapamil treatment, the researchers used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry of blood serum samples from subjects diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes within three months of diagnosis and at one year of follow-up. (sciencedaily.com)
- We are now focused on increasing the volume of the preserved liquid phase from the 1-100 milliliter range to 500 milliliters to enable mass preservation of samples," Usta continued. (impactlab.com)
Plasma10
- Charles Richard Drew (June 3, 1904- April 1,1950) was an African American doctor and surgeon who helped make vital contributions to the medical field by way of improved blood plasma preservation through blood banks. (thriversinspire.com)
- Dr. Drew received a U.S. Patent for Blood Plasma Preservation (U.S. Patent No. 2,389,355). (thriversinspire.com)
- Dr. Drew's significant contributions to the preservation of blood plasma hits home for me personally because I have been a recipient of donor blood plasma for a lupus flare through the process of plasmapheresis (plasma exchange). (thriversinspire.com)
- Have you/do you know someone who has benefitted from Dr. Charles Drew's improvements in blood plasma preservations? (thriversinspire.com)
- Gelsolin is also an abundant extracellular protein that circulates in blood plasma, and Stossel established that it is a component of innate immunity that promotes host antimicrobial activity and prevents the potentially lethal dissemination of inflammation. (wikipedia.org)
- While earning his doctorate, Charles Drew researched the preservation of blood plasma. (thomassci.com)
- He developed methods to efficiently store large quantities of blood plasma. (thomassci.com)
- According to Padilla, the Hospital Blood bank facility is Sta Ana Hospital's response, to cases like medical cases that include excessive blood loss seen Dengue, trauma, postpartum hemorrhages, blood disorders like anemias, and leukemia, thalassemia) and even plasma disorders (Hemophilia and other clotting factors deficiencies) and Major Surgical Operation where blood and blood products are very much needed. (journal.com.ph)
- Gregory's uncle, Charles Richard Drew, was a famous surgeon and pioneer in blood plasma production and preservation. (jrank.org)
- The magnitude of haemorrhage was expressed as percentage of initial total blood volume after plasma volume determination by dye dilution. (scialert.net)
Practices2
- CDC developed this quality measure to promote blood culture best practices and improve the laboratory diagnosis of bloodstream infection. (cdc.gov)
- In addition, this quality measure incorporates best practices on blood culture collection from the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and the Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) . (cdc.gov)
Drew4
- Despite his expertise in the area of blood banking, the Red Cross, who participated in the program, refused African American blood donations, including that of Dr. Charles Drew himself. (thriversinspire.com)
- Dr. Drew fought against these policies saying there was no science to validate the blood segregation policy. (thriversinspire.com)
- Charles Drew developed American's first large-scale blood banks during World War II. (thomassci.com)
- Dr. Drew helped prove that there was no difference between white blood and black blood, but couldn't overcome resistance against putting the blood of one race into another. (jrank.org)
Collection5
- An antibiotic stewardship team including laboratory professionals discussing ways to improve blood culture collection in their hospital. (cdc.gov)
- Using the methods provided in this quality tool to calculate the BCC and single-set rates will help meet this standard and ensure optimal blood culture collection. (cdc.gov)
- Example of some blood culture collection supplies. (cdc.gov)
- To achieve an optimal volume, the blood culture collection standard of practice is to collect two to four blood culture sets from adult patients with a suspected blood stream infection in the evaluation of each septic episode (i.e., 24 hours). (cdc.gov)
- Laboratory professionals reviewing a blood culture collection SOP on a dedicated electronic device. (cdc.gov)
Doctors1
- Contact the ChristianaCare Limb Preservation Clinic, where doctors will work with your primary care physician, podiatrist or other doctor to create a treatment plan that may save your limb. (christianacare.org)
Insulin5
- Benefits of the blood pressure medication verapamil include delayed disease progression, lowered insulin requirements and preservation of some beta cell function. (sciencedaily.com)
- Patients taking the oral blood pressure medication not only required less daily insulin two years after first diagnosis of the disease, but also showed evidence of surprising immunomodulatory benefits. (sciencedaily.com)
- To replace that, patients must take exogenous insulin by shots or pump and are at risk of dangerous low blood sugar events. (sciencedaily.com)
- In 2018, Shalev and colleagues reported the benefits of verapamil in a one-year clinical study of Type 1 diabetes patients, finding that regular oral administration of verapamil enabled patients to produce higher levels of their own insulin, thus limiting their need for injected insulin to regulate blood sugar levels. (sciencedaily.com)
- CHGA levels were also easily measured directly in serum using a simple ELISA assay after a blood draw, and lower levels in verapamil-treated subjects correlated with better endogenous insulin production as measured by mixed-meal-stimulated C-peptide, a standard test of Type 1 diabetes progression. (sciencedaily.com)
Detection1
- Early detection of human immunodeficiency virus on dried blood spot specimens: sensitivity across serial specimens. (umassmed.edu)
Restoration1
- All proceeds go towards the preservation and continued restoration of The Ohio State Reformatory. (mrps.org)
Suggests2
- He suggests that donors and recipients check for blood imcompatibility before transfusing. (timetoast.com)
- Despite the heterogeneity of the studies, some evidence suggests that ridge preservation procedures are efficient in limiting the postextraction dimensional loss of the ridge and are accompanied by a different degree of bone regeneration, with varied amounts of residual graft material particles. (bvsalud.org)
Antibiotic1
- Your hospital or clinical setting should instruct healthcare staff to collect at least two blood culture sets (total volume of 40-60 mL) within a 24-hour period by peripheral venipuncture prior to antibiotic administration, if possible. (cdc.gov)
Peripheral1
- Bleeding in sheep resulted in the appearance of large erythrocytes in peripheral blood (Wintour et al . (scialert.net)
Approach4
- Accreditation means the AABB has worked with and reviewed a company's approach to 'the quality and safety of collecting, processing, testing, distributing and administering blood and blood products. (babycenter.com)
- Stossel was the author of almost 300 publications, including co-authoring two textbooks, Haematology: A Pathophysiological Approach (1984) and Blood: Principles and Practice of Hematology (1997) and the consumer book Pharmaphobia: How the Conflict of Interest Myth Undermines American Medical Innovation (2015). (wikipedia.org)
- In an experiment, the researchers demonstrated that it is possible to more than double the amount of time, from the clinical standard approach, that red blood cells can be stored. (impactlab.com)
- Heck, who knows - although this approach studiously avoids actual freezing, maybe it could prompt advances in the kind of long-term cryogenic preservation process that scientists, sci-fi authors, and, allegedly, Walt Disney have speculated about for years. (impactlab.com)
Cells7
- Stossel's research included studies of white blood cell structure function in health and disease but predominantly focused on the molecular mechanism of how cells move and change shape. (wikipedia.org)
- This practice adds to the complexity of the workflow associated with preservation of cells using DMSO. (nature.com)
- She investigated hypothesized red blood cells in another Tyrannosaurus rex specimen which turned up evidence of the iron heme compounds that allow for red blood cells to carry oxygen. (carleton.edu)
- Controlled reactive professional phagocytic leukocytes in immunodeficient mice allowed for sizeable human blood chimerism and injected huRBCs acted as bona fide host cells for P. falciparum . (frontiersin.org)
- The breakthrough could have major implications for long-term safe preservation of everything from blood cells and organs to the food we eat. (impactlab.com)
- At present, red blood cells can be stored for a maximum of 42 days. (impactlab.com)
- Jan Swammerdam is thought to be the first person to look and describe red blood cells in blood. (timetoast.com)
Bank7
- Part of his research allowed him to open an experimental blood bank at Presbyterian Hospital. (thriversinspire.com)
- Discover 184 products from Blood Bank Centrifuge manufacturers, suppliers, distributors, and dealers across India. (tradeindia.com)
- Blood Bank Centrifuge product price in India ranges from 1,000 to 14,50,000 INR and minimum order requirements from 1 to 5. (tradeindia.com)
- Whether you're looking for Neya 4 Bench Top Centrifuge, Blood Bank Gel Card Centrifuge, Component Centrifuge etc, you can explore and find the best products from Tradeindia. (tradeindia.com)
- We offer a wide range of Blood Bank Centrifuge selections in various locations including Chennai, Bengaluru, Mumbai, Delhi, Hyderabad and many more. (tradeindia.com)
- Blood Bank, Ambulatory Surgical Clinic Opened In Sta. (journal.com.ph)
- Following the groundbreaking of the Blood Bank, Lacuna, Servo-Nieto and Padilla led the ribbon-cutting of the new Ambulatory Surgical Clinic located at the second floor of the SAH, through the aid of the Operation Smile Philippines, which the mayor and Padilla cited for helping the SAH in conducting free operations for children with cleft palate. (journal.com.ph)
Cell6
- For Xiaobai who is new to the knowledge of virus transport media , it is not so easy to distinguish the difference between virus transport media and cell preservation solution. (whdsbio.cn)
- The so-called cell preservation solution is a general-purpose cell cryopreservation solution. (whdsbio.cn)
- Cell cryopreservation is an important technical means for cell culture, introduction, preservation and to ensure the smooth progress of the experiment. (whdsbio.cn)
- In summary, the composition and use of virus transport media and cell preservation solution are completely different, and Desheng does not produce cell preservation solution. (whdsbio.cn)
- After moderate haemorrhage, a low PCV is remarkably well tolerated because of compensatory mechanisms such as increase in concentration of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in red blood cell (Ganong, 2003). (scialert.net)
- Erythropoietin secretion from the kidneys increases in response to blood loss to stimulate erythropoiesis by the bone marrow (Hillman, 1995) and the iron supply to the red cell production usually reflects the severity of the anaemia (Jain, 1993). (scialert.net)
Medical1
- In such settings, nurses can be performing health assessments by checking blood pressure or cholesterol readings, conducting teaching sessions and disseminating health information to a group of rural residents, providing counsel and referral for an injured farm worker, or reviewing medical records for injury surveillance research data. (cdc.gov)
19971
- 1987). Haemorrhage resulted in a fall followed by a partial recovery of arterial blood pressure and significant rise of hepatic artery blood flow in rats (Darlington and Tehrani, 1997). (scialert.net)
Infection2
- Introduction of several mouse strains with genetic immune deficiencies has greatly benefited the development of a small laboratory animal model ( 7 - 15 ) to study the asexual blood stage infection of P. falciparum . (frontiersin.org)
- The volume of blood collected is critically important to the laboratory diagnosis of bloodstream infection, which generally requires two or more sets to achieve. (cdc.gov)
Patients3
- He continues to transfuse blood on other patients until Antoine Mauroy died. (timetoast.com)
- TWO projects meant to address the need for blood and the ever-growing number of patients needing minor surgeries were launched at the premier Sta. (journal.com.ph)
- False negative blood culture results due to inadequate volumes of blood can result in misdiagnosis, delay therapy, and put patients at heightened risk of morbidity and mortality from bacteremia. (cdc.gov)
Trauma1
- Goats may experience considerable blood loss due to trauma and haemorrhage associated with surgery and gynaecological manipulation. (scialert.net)
Production1
- Additional uses of commercial nitrate and nitrite include food preservation and the production of munitions and explosives. (cdc.gov)
Severe1
- Severe blood loss threatens homeostasis as it acutely decreases blood volume and can lead to cardiovascular collapse, hypovolaemic shock and death (Hillman, 1995). (scialert.net)
Experiment1
- They experiment with monkeys and they discover that the blood contains an Rh blood group along witht he anti-Rh antibody. (timetoast.com)
Concentration1
- Dr. Richard Lewisohn uses sodium citrate concentration in the blood he was using to transfuse to prevent coagulation. (timetoast.com)
Volume1
- Test volume and sales forecasts for over 40 blood typing, grouping and infectious disease screening tests, including NAT. (aarkstore.com)
Terms1
- God has nothing any more to say that is not to be said in terms of flesh and blood. (catholicism.org)
Products1
- Safe blood and blood products : manual on the management, maintenance and use of blood cold chain equipment. (who.int)
White1
- Once accepted later on, African American blood was still separated from white blood. (thriversinspire.com)
Pressure3
- The United States Food and Drug Administration approved verapamil for the treatment of high blood pressure in 1981. (sciencedaily.com)
- If you have diabetes or a vascular disease such as PAD, you should eat a proper diet, exercise regularly, and control your blood sugar, blood pressure and lipids. (christianacare.org)
- The primary mediator of the blood pressure response in animals is increased activity of the sympathoadrenal system in sheep (Block et al . (scialert.net)
Solution2
- Both Rous and Turner worked together mixing sodium citrate and glucose to create a solution that can be added to blood so the blood can be stored for weeks. (timetoast.com)
- Dr. Robertson collects and stores O type blood with citrate-glucose solution to aid with the casualties in World War I. He establishes the first blood depot. (timetoast.com)
Studies2
- A human blood chimeric mouse could serve to harmonize in vitro P. falciparum cultivation and in vivo studies carried out in rodent animal models. (frontiersin.org)
- He studies the agluttination of blood. (timetoast.com)
Laboratory1
- Laboratory analysis of blood cultures is vital to the accurate and timely diagnosis of bloodstream infections. (cdc.gov)
Type1
- Dr. Landsteiner's colleagues discover another type of blood: AB. (timetoast.com)
Health1
- The focus for nurses who practice in public and occupational health is not as much on the individual and a disease state as it is on the group or population and the preservation of health through prevention. (cdc.gov)
Time1
- There has to be flesh and blood succession for the rest of time, because the Catholic Church is not only One and Holy, it is also Apostolic. (catholicism.org)
Development1
- New product development opportunities for blood typing, grouping and infectious disease NAT assays and instrumentation with significant market appeal. (aarkstore.com)
Materials1
- Several techniques and materials have been suggested for alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) after dental extraction and before implant placement. (bvsalud.org)
Wide range1
- At the Limb Preservation Clinic, you get immediate access to a wide range of services needed to prevent amputation. (christianacare.org)
Large1
- Blizzard has posted a massive amount of class tuning coming on the next reset which includes a large number of buffs to Blood DKs, Hunters, Warlocks and much more, and nerfs to Preservation Evoker and Resto Druid. (ravenholdt.net)
Heart2
- Michael Servetus suugests that blood flows from on side of the heart to the other side and into the lungs. (timetoast.com)
- William Harvey publishes DE MOTU CORDIS and explains that blood circulates all over the body and is pumped by the heart. (timetoast.com)
Loss3
- Also internal parasites and blood sucking insects may induce blood loss in certain occasions. (scialert.net)
- Acute blood loss is a major haemorrhage that occurs within a few minutes to several hours. (scialert.net)
- The reticulocyte response to acute blood loss is highly variable among species (Tyler and Cowell, 1996). (scialert.net)
Donations1
- He resigned when the armed forces restricted blood donations from African Americans. (thomassci.com)