Physiological processes and properties of the BLOOD.
Physiological processes and properties of the DENTITION.
Properties and processes of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM and DENTITION as a whole or of any of its parts.
Physiology of the human and animal body, male or female, in the processes and characteristics of REPRODUCTION and the URINARY TRACT.
Properties, and processes of the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM and the NERVOUS SYSTEM or their parts.
Functional processes and properties characteristic of the BLOOD; CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM; and RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.
The properties and relationships and biological processes that characterize the nature and function of the SKIN and its appendages.
Nutritional physiology related to EXERCISE or ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE.
Physiological processes, factors, properties and characteristics pertaining to REPRODUCTION.
The functions and properties of living organisms, including both the physical and chemical factors and processes, supporting life in single- or multi-cell organisms from their origin through the progression of life.
Nutritional physiology of adults aged 65 years of age and older.
Properties, functions, and processes of the URINARY TRACT as a whole or of any of its parts.
Processes and properties of the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM.
Biological properties, processes, and activities of VIRUSES.
Properties and processes of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM as a whole or of any of its parts.
Nutritional physiology of children aged 13-18 years.
Processes and properties of the EYE as a whole or of any of its parts.
Characteristic properties and processes of the NERVOUS SYSTEM as a whole or with reference to the peripheral or the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Cellular processes, properties, and characteristics.
Physiological processes and properties of the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM as a whole or of any of its parts.
The functions of the skin in the human and animal body. It includes the pigmentation of the skin.
Nutrition of FEMALE during PREGNANCY.
The physiological processes, properties, and states characteristic of plants.
Physiological processes and properties of BACTERIA.
Processes and properties of the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM as a whole or of any of its parts.
Nutrition of a mother which affects the health of the FETUS and INFANT as well as herself.
Nutritional physiology of children aged 2-12 years.
The processes and properties of living organisms by which they take in and balance the use of nutritive materials for energy, heat production, or building material for the growth, maintenance, or repair of tissues and the nutritive properties of FOOD.
A quaternary ammonium parasympathomimetic agent with the muscarinic actions of ACETYLCHOLINE. It is hydrolyzed by ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE at a considerably slower rate than ACETYLCHOLINE and is more resistant to hydrolysis by nonspecific CHOLINESTERASES so that its actions are more prolonged. It is used as a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor agent and as a diagnostic aid for bronchial asthma. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1116)
A compound formed in the liver from ammonia produced by the deamination of amino acids. It is the principal end product of protein catabolism and constitutes about one half of the total urinary solids.
A group of compounds that are derivatives of beta-methylacetylcholine (methacholine).
A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).
Measure of the maximum amount of air that can be expelled in a given number of seconds during a FORCED VITAL CAPACITY determination . It is usually given as FEV followed by a subscript indicating the number of seconds over which the measurement is made, although it is sometimes given as a percentage of forced vital capacity.
Narrowing of the caliber of the BRONCHI, physiologically or as a result of pharmacological intervention.
Agents causing the narrowing of the lumen of a bronchus or bronchiole.
A continuing periodic change in displacement with respect to a fixed reference. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
An occupational disorder resulting from prolonged exposure to vibration, affecting the fingers, hands, and forearms. It occurs in workers who regularly use vibrating tools such as jackhammers, power chain saws, riveters, etc. Symptoms include episodic finger blanching, NUMBNESS, tingling, and loss of nerve sensitivity.
An idiopathic vascular disorder characterized by bilateral Raynaud phenomenon, the abrupt onset of digital paleness or CYANOSIS in response to cold exposure or stress.
Four or five slender jointed digits in humans and primates, attached to each HAND.
An institute of the CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION which is responsible for assuring safe and healthful working conditions and for developing standards of safety and health. Research activities are carried out pertinent to these goals.
Accidentally acquired infection in laboratory workers.
Diseases caused by factors involved in one's employment.

Mechanical stimulation regulates voltage-gated potassium currents in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells. (1/429)

Vascular endothelial cells are constantly exposed to mechanical forces resulting from blood flow and transmural pressure. The goal of this study was to determine whether mechanical stimulation alters the properties of endothelial voltage-gated K+ channels. Cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) were isolated from rat ventricular muscle and cultured on thin sheets of silastic membranes. Membrane currents were measured with the use of the whole-cell arrangement of the patch-clamp technique in endothelial cells subjected to static stretch for 24 hours and compared with measurements from control, nonstretched cells. Voltage steps positive to -30 mV resulted in the activation of a time-dependent, delayed rectifier K+current (IK) in the endothelial cells. Mechanically induced increases of 97%, 355%, and 106% at +30 mV were measured in the peak amplitude of IK in cells stretched for 24 hours by 5%, 10%, and 15%, respectively. In addition, the half-maximal voltage required for IK activation was shifted from +34 mV in the nonstretched cells to -5 mV in the stretched cells. Although IK in both groups of CMECs was blocked to a similar extent by tetraethylammonium, currents in the stretched endothelial cells displayed an enhanced sensitivity to inhibition by charybdotoxin. Preincubation of the CMECs with either pertussis toxin or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate during the 24 hours of cell stretch did not prevent the increase in IK. The application of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and static stretch stimulated the proliferation of CMECs. Stretch-induced regulation of K+ channels may be important to control the resting potential of the endothelium and may contribute to capillary growth during periods of mechanical perturbation.  (+info)

Validation of haemodialysis recirculation and access blood flow measured by thermodilution. (2/429)

BACKGROUND: Recirculation (R) and access blood flow (Qac) measurements are considered useful indicators of adequate delivery of haemodialysis. It was the purpose of this study to compare measurements of R and Qac obtained by two different techniques which are based on the same principle of indicator dilution, but which differ because of the characteristics of the injection and detection of the different indicators used. METHODS: Recirculation measured by a thermal dilution technique using temperature sensors (BTM, Fresenius Medical Care) was compared with recirculation measured by a validated saline dilution technique using ultrasonic transducers placed on arterial and venous segments of the extracorporeal circulation (HDM, Transonic Systems, Inc.). Calculated access flows were compared by Bland Altman analysis. Data are given as mean +/- SD. RESULTS: A total of 104 measurements obtained in 52 treatments (17 patients, 18 accesses) were compared. Recirculation measured with correct placement of blood lines and corrected for the effect of cardiopulmonary recirculation using the 'double recirculation technique' was -0.02 +/- 0.14% by the BTM technique and not different from the 0% measured by the HDM technique. Recirculation measured with reversed placement of blood lines and corrected for the effect of cardiopulmonary recirculation was 19.66 +/- 10.77% measured by the BTM technique compared with 20.87 +/- 11.64% measured by the HDM technique. The difference between techniques was small (-1.21 +/- 2.44%) albeit significant. Access flow calculated from BTM recirculation was 1328 +/- 627 ml/min compared with 1390 +/- 657 ml/min calculated by the HDM technique. There was no bias between techniques. CONCLUSION: BTM thermodilution yields results which are consistent with the HDM ultrasound dilution technique with regard to both recirculation and access flow measurement.  (+info)

Surfactant protein A enhances the binding and deacylation of E. coli LPS by alveolar macrophages. (3/429)

Surfactant protein (SP) A and SP-D are involved in multiple immunomodulatory functions of innate host defense partly via their interaction with alveolar macrophages (AMs). In addition, both SP-A and SP-D bind to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). To investigate the functional significance of this interaction, we first tested the ability of SP-A and SP-D to enhance the binding of tritium-labeled Escherichia coli LPS to AMs. In contrast to SP-D, SP-A enhanced the binding of LPS by AMs in a time-, temperature-, and concentration-dependent manner. Coincubation with surfactant-like lipids did not affect the SP-A-mediated enhancement of LPS binding. At SP-A-to-LPS molar ratios of 1:2-1:3, the LPS binding by AMs reached 270% of control values. Second, we investigated the role of SP-A in regulating the degradation of LPS by AMs. In the presence of SP-A, deacylation of LPS by AMs increased by approximately 2.3-fold. Pretreatment of AMs with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C had no effect on the SP-A-enhanced LPS binding but did reduce the amount of serum-enhanced LPS binding by 50%, suggesting that a cell surface molecule distinct from CD14 mediates the effect of SP-A. Together the results for the first time provide direct evidence that SP-A enhances LPS binding and degradation by AMs.  (+info)

Long-term culture of human CD34(+) progenitors with FLT3-ligand, thrombopoietin, and stem cell factor induces extensive amplification of a CD34(-)CD14(-) and a CD34(-)CD14(+) dendritic cell precursor. (4/429)

Current in vitro culture systems allow the generation of human dendritic cells (DCs), but the output of mature cells remains modest. This contrasts with the extensive amplification of hematopoietic progenitors achieved when culturing CD34(+) cells with FLT3-ligand and thrombopoietin. To test whether such cultures contained DC precursors, CD34(+) cord blood cells were incubated with the above cytokines, inducing on the mean a 250-fold and a 16,600-fold increase in total cell number after 4 and 8 weeks, respectively. The addition of stem cell factor induced a further fivefold increase in proliferation. The majority of the cells produced were CD34(-)CD1a- CD14(+) (p14(+)) and CD34(-)CD1a-CD14(-) (p14(-)) and did not display the morphology, surface markers, or allostimulatory capacity of DC. When cultured with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4), both subsets differentiated without further proliferation into immature (CD1a+, CD14(-), CD83(-)) macropinocytic DC. Mature (CD1a+, CD14(-), CD83(+)) DCs with high allostimulatory activity were generated if such cultures were supplemented with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF). In addition, p14(-) cells generated CD14(+) cells with GM-CSF and TNF, which in turn, differentiated into DC when exposed to GM-CSF and IL-4. Similar results were obtained with frozen DC precursors and also when using pooled human serum AB+ instead of bovine serum, emphasizing that this system using CD34(+) cells may improve future prospects for immunotherapy.  (+info)

Low-molecular weight heparin restores in-vitro trophoblast invasiveness and differentiation in presence of immunoglobulin G fractions obtained from patients with antiphospholipid syndrome. (5/429)

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of immunoglobulin G obtained from patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) on in-vitro models of trophoblast invasiveness and differentiation. We tested the binding of affinity-purified immunoglobulin G to human primary trophoblast cells. These antibodies affected the invasiveness and differentiation of cytotrophoblast cells after binding to the cell surface. In addition, we determined whether the drugs used to treat APS might be able to restore the trophoblast functions. Low-molecular weight heparin, in a dose-dependent manner, significantly reduced the immunoglobulin G binding to trophoblast cells and restored in-vitro placental invasiveness and differentiation. No effect was observed in the presence of acetylsalicylic acid. These observations may help in understanding the role of these treatments in women with APS.  (+info)

Partial characterization of apoptotic factor in Alzheimer plasma. (6/429)

We have previously demonstrated that a plasma natriuretic factor is present in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but not in multi-infarct dementia (MID) or normal controls (C). We postulated that the natriuretic factor might induce the increased cytosolic calcium reported in AD by inhibiting the sodium-calcium antiporter, thereby activating the apoptotic pathway. To test for a factor in AD plasma that induces apoptosis, we exposed nonconfluent cultured LLC-PK1 cells to plasma from AD, MID, and C for 2 h and performed a terminal transferase-dUTP-nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. The plasma from AD increased apoptosis nearly fourfold compared with MID and C. The effect was dose dependent and the peak effect was attained after a 2-h exposure. Additionally, apoptotic morphology was detected by electron microscopy, and internucleosomal DNA cleavage was found. We inhibited apoptosis by removing calcium from the medium, inhibiting protein synthesis with cycloheximide, alternately boiling or freezing and thawing the plasma, and digesting a partially purified fraction with trypsin. Heating AD plasma to 56 degrees C did not deactivate the apoptotic factor. These results demonstrate the presence of an apoptotic factor in the plasma of patients with AD.  (+info)

Delayed ischemic preconditioning is mediated by opening of ATP-sensitive potassium channels in the rabbit heart. (7/429)

Cardioprotection from preconditioning reappears 24 h after the initial stimulus. This phenomenon is called the second window of protection (SWOP). We hypothesized that opening of the ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel mediates the protective effect of SWOP. Rabbits were preconditioned (PC) with four cycles of 5-min regional ischemia each followed by 10 min of reperfusion. Twenty-four hours later, the animals were subjected to sustained ischemia for 30 min followed by 180 min of reperfusion (I/R). Glibenclamide (Glib, 0.3 mg/kg ip) or 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD, 5 mg/kg iv) was used to block the KATP channel function. Infarct size was reduced from 41.2 +/- 2. 6% in sham-operated rabbits to 11.6 +/- 1.0% in PC rabbits, a 71% reduction (n = 11, P < 0.01). Treatment with Glib or 5-HD before I/R increased the infarct size to 43.4 +/- 2.6 and 37.8 +/- 1.9%, respectively (P < 0.01 vs. PC group, n = 12/group). Sham animals treated with either Glib or 5-HD had an infarct size of 39.0 +/- 3.4 and 37.8 +/- 1.5%, respectively, which was not different from control (40.0 +/- 3.8%) or sham (41.2 +/- 2.6%) I/R hearts. Monophasic action potential duration (APD) at 50% repolarization significantly shortened by 28.7, 26.6, and 23.3% in sham animals during 10, 20, and 30 min of ischemia. However, no further augmentation in the shortening of APD was observed in PC hearts. Glib and 5-HD significantly suppressed ischemia-induced epicardial APD shortening, suggesting that 5-HD may not be a selective blocker of the mitochondrial KATP channel in vivo. We conclude that SWOP is mediated by a KATP channel-sensitive mechanism that may have occurred because of the opening of the sarcolemmal KATP channel in vivo.  (+info)

Evidence of splanchnic-brain signaling in inhibition of ingestive behavior by middle molecules. (8/429)

Anorexia, nausea, and vomiting are common symptoms of uremic intoxication. Fractions in the middle molecule weight range, isolated from normal urine and uremic plasma ultrafiltrate, inhibit ingestive behavior in the rat. To investigate their site of action and specificity, male rats were injected intraperitoneally, intravenously, or intracerebroventricularly with concentrated fractions of uremic plasma ultrafiltrate or normal urine (molecular weight range: 1.0 to 5.0 kD) and tested for ingestive and sexual behavior. An intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 ml of urine fraction (10:1) or 2.0 ml of uremic plasma ultrafiltrate fraction (25:1) inhibited carbohydrate intake by 76.3 and 45.9%, respectively, but an intravenous injection had no effect. However, intravenous injection of higher doses inhibited carbohydrate ingestion. An intracerebroventricular injection of 5 or 10 microl of urine (20:1) middle molecule fraction inhibited carbohydrate intake by 13.4 and 41.6%, respectively. An injection of 5 or 10 microl of uremic plasma ultrafiltrate (125:1) middle molecule fraction inhibited carbohydrate intake by 22.6 and 49.5%, respectively. Injections of the corresponding fraction from normal plasma ultrafiltrate had no effect. Injection of urine or uremic plasma ultrafiltrate middle molecule fractions did not affect the display of sexual behavior. These results suggest that middle molecule fractions from uremic plasma ultrafiltrate or normal urine act in the splanchnic region and/or brain to inhibit food intake and that the effect is specific for ingestive behavior.  (+info)

"Blood physiological phenomena" is a broad term that refers to various functions, processes, and characteristics related to the blood in the body. Here are some definitions of specific blood-related physiological phenomena:

1. Hematopoiesis: The process of producing blood cells in the bone marrow. This includes the production of red blood cells (erythropoiesis), white blood cells (leukopoiesis), and platelets (thrombopoiesis).
2. Hemostasis: The body's response to stop bleeding or prevent excessive blood loss after injury. It involves a complex interplay between blood vessels, platelets, and clotting factors that work together to form a clot.
3. Osmoregulation: The regulation of water and electrolyte balance in the blood. This is achieved through various mechanisms such as thirst, urine concentration, and hormonal control.
4. Acid-base balance: The maintenance of a stable pH level in the blood. This involves the balance between acidic and basic components in the blood, which can be affected by factors such as respiration, metabolism, and kidney function.
5. Hemoglobin function: The ability of hemoglobin molecules in red blood cells to bind and transport oxygen from the lungs to tissues throughout the body.
6. Blood viscosity: The thickness or flowability of blood, which can affect its ability to circulate through the body. Factors that can influence blood viscosity include hematocrit (the percentage of red blood cells in the blood), plasma proteins, and temperature.
7. Immunological function: The role of white blood cells and other components of the immune system in protecting the body against infection and disease. This includes the production of antibodies, phagocytosis (the engulfing and destruction of foreign particles), and inflammation.

Dental physiological phenomena refer to the various natural and normal functions, processes, and responses that occur in the oral cavity, particularly in the teeth and their supporting structures. These phenomena are essential for maintaining good oral health and overall well-being. Some of the key dental physiological phenomena include:

1. Tooth formation (odontogenesis): The process by which teeth develop from embryonic cells into fully formed adult teeth, including the growth and mineralization of tooth enamel, dentin, and cementum.
2. Eruption: The natural movement of a tooth from its developmental position within the jawbone to its final functional position in the oral cavity, allowing it to come into contact with the opposing tooth for biting and chewing.
3. Tooth mobility: The normal slight movement or displacement of teeth within their sockets due to the action of masticatory forces and the elasticity of the periodontal ligament that connects the tooth root to the alveolar bone.
4. Salivary flow: The continuous production and secretion of saliva by the major and minor salivary glands, which helps maintain a moist oral environment, neutralize acids, and aid in food digestion, speech, and swallowing.
5. pH balance: The regulation of acidity and alkalinity within the oral cavity, primarily through the buffering capacity of saliva and the action of dental plaque bacteria that metabolize sugars and produce acids as a byproduct.
6. Tooth sensitivity: The normal response of teeth to various stimuli such as temperature changes, touch, or pressure, which is mediated by the activation of nerve fibers within the dentin layer of the tooth.
7. Oral mucosal immune response: The natural defense mechanisms of the oral mucosa, including the production of antimicrobial proteins and peptides, the recruitment of immune cells, and the formation of a physical barrier against pathogens.
8. Tooth wear and attrition: The normal gradual loss of tooth structure due to natural processes such as chewing, grinding, and erosion by acidic substances, which can be influenced by factors such as diet, occlusion, and bruxism.
9. Tooth development and eruption: The growth and emergence of teeth from the dental follicle through the alveolar bone and gingival tissues, which is regulated by a complex interplay of genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors.

The digestive system is a series of organs and glands that work together to break down food into nutrients, which the body can absorb and use for energy, growth, and cell repair. The process begins in the mouth, where food is chewed and mixed with saliva, which contains enzymes that begin breaking down carbohydrates.

The oral physiological phenomena refer to the functions and processes that occur in the mouth during eating and digestion. These include:

1. Ingestion: The process of taking food into the mouth.
2. Mechanical digestion: The physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces by chewing, which increases the surface area for enzymes to act on.
3. Chemical digestion: The chemical breakdown of food molecules into simpler substances that can be absorbed and utilized by the body. In the mouth, this is initiated by salivary amylase, an enzyme found in saliva that breaks down starches into simple sugars.
4. Taste perception: The ability to detect different flavors through specialized taste buds located on the tongue and other areas of the oral cavity.
5. Olfaction: The sense of smell, which contributes to the overall flavor experience by interacting with taste perception in the brain.
6. Salivation: The production of saliva, which helps moisten food, making it easier to swallow, and contains enzymes that begin the digestion process.
7. Protective mechanisms: The mouth has several defense mechanisms to protect against harmful bacteria and other pathogens, such as the flow of saliva, which helps wash away food particles, and the presence of antibacterial compounds in saliva.

Reproductive physiological phenomena refer to the functions and processes related to human reproduction, which include:

1. Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis: The regulation of reproductive hormones through a feedback mechanism between the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and gonads (ovaries in females and testes in males).
2. Oogenesis/Spermatogenesis: The process of producing mature ova (eggs) or spermatozoa (sperm) capable of fertilization.
3. Menstrual Cycle: A series of events that occur in the female reproductive system over approximately 28 days, including follicular development, ovulation, and endometrial changes.
4. Pregnancy and Parturition: The process of carrying a developing fetus to term and giving birth.
5. Lactation: The production and secretion of milk by the mammary glands for nourishment of the newborn.

Urinary physiological phenomena refer to the functions and processes related to the urinary system, which include:

1. Renal Filtration: The process of filtering blood in the kidneys to form urine.
2. Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion: The active transport of solutes and water between the tubular lumen and peritubular capillaries, resulting in the formation of urine with a different composition than plasma.
3. Urine Concentration and Dilution: The ability to regulate the concentration of urine by adjusting the amount of water reabsorbed or excreted.
4. Micturition: The process of storing and intermittently releasing urine from the bladder through a coordinated contraction of the detrusor muscle and relaxation of the urethral sphincter.

Musculoskeletal physiological phenomena refer to the mechanical, physical, and biochemical processes and functions that occur within the musculoskeletal system. This system includes the bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, cartilages, and other tissues that provide support, shape, and movement to the body. Examples of musculoskeletal physiological phenomena include muscle contraction and relaxation, bone growth and remodeling, joint range of motion, and the maintenance and repair of connective tissues.

Neural physiological phenomena, on the other hand, refer to the electrical and chemical processes and functions that occur within the nervous system. This system includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and ganglia that are responsible for processing information, controlling body movements, and maintaining homeostasis. Examples of neural physiological phenomena include action potential generation and propagation, neurotransmitter release and reception, sensory perception, and cognitive processes such as learning and memory.

Musculoskeletal and neural physiological phenomena are closely interrelated, as the nervous system controls the musculoskeletal system through motor neurons that innervate muscles, and sensory neurons that provide feedback to the brain about body position, movement, and pain. Understanding these physiological phenomena is essential for diagnosing and treating various medical conditions that affect the musculoskeletal and nervous systems.

Circulatory and respiratory physiological phenomena refer to the functions, processes, and mechanisms that occur in the cardiovascular and respiratory systems to maintain homeostasis and support life.

The circulatory system, which includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood, is responsible for transporting oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body. The respiratory system, which consists of the nose, throat, trachea, bronchi, lungs, and diaphragm, enables the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the environment.

Physiological phenomena in the circulatory system include heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac output, stroke volume, blood flow, and vascular resistance. These phenomena are regulated by various factors such as the autonomic nervous system, hormones, and metabolic demands.

Physiological phenomena in the respiratory system include ventilation, gas exchange, lung compliance, airway resistance, and respiratory muscle function. These phenomena are influenced by factors such as lung volume, airway diameter, surface area, and diffusion capacity.

Understanding circulatory and respiratory physiological phenomena is essential for diagnosing and managing various medical conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, respiratory disorders, and metabolic disorders. It also provides a foundation for developing interventions to improve health outcomes and prevent disease.

The integumentary system is the largest organ system in the human body, responsible for providing a protective barrier against the external environment. The physiological phenomena associated with the integumentary system encompass a range of functions and processes that occur within the skin, hair, nails, and sweat glands. These phenomena include:

1. Barrier Function: The skin forms a physical barrier that protects the body from external threats such as pathogens, chemicals, and radiation. It also helps prevent water loss and regulates electrolyte balance.
2. Temperature Regulation: The integumentary system plays a crucial role in maintaining core body temperature through vasodilation and vasoconstriction of blood vessels in the skin, as well as through sweat production by eccrine glands.
3. Sensory Perception: The skin contains various sensory receptors that detect touch, pressure, pain, heat, and cold. These receptors transmit information to the central nervous system for processing and response.
4. Vitamin D Synthesis: The skin is capable of synthesizing vitamin D when exposed to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight. This process involves the conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin into previtamin D3, which then undergoes further transformation into vitamin D3.
5. Excretion: Sweat glands within the integumentary system help eliminate waste products and excess heat through the production and secretion of sweat. The two types of sweat glands are eccrine glands, which produce a watery, odorless sweat, and apocrine glands, which produce a milky, odorous sweat primarily in response to emotional stimuli.
6. Immunological Function: The skin serves as an essential component of the immune system by providing a physical barrier against pathogens and housing various immune cells such as Langerhans cells, dendritic cells, and T-cells. These cells help recognize and respond to potential threats, contributing to the body's overall defense mechanisms.
7. Wound Healing: The integumentary system has the remarkable ability to repair itself following injury through a complex process involving inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This process involves the coordinated efforts of various cell types, including keratinocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and immune cells, as well as the production and deposition of extracellular matrix components such as collagen and elastin.
8. Growth and Development: The integumentary system plays a crucial role in growth and development by producing hormones such as vitamin D and melatonin, which contribute to various physiological processes throughout the body. Additionally, the skin serves as an essential sensory organ, providing information about temperature, touch, pain, and pressure through specialized nerve endings called mechanoreceptors.
9. Social Communication: The integumentary system can convey important social signals through changes in coloration, texture, and odor. For example, blushing or sweating may indicate embarrassment or anxiety, while certain skin conditions such as psoriasis or eczema may signal underlying health issues. Additionally, the release of pheromones through sweat glands can influence social behavior and attraction.
10. Aesthetic Appeal: The integumentary system contributes significantly to an individual's appearance and self-esteem. Healthy skin, hair, and nails are often associated with youthfulness, attractiveness, and vitality, while skin conditions such as acne, wrinkles, or discoloration can negatively impact one's self-image and confidence. As a result, maintaining the health and appearance of the integumentary system is an essential aspect of overall well-being and quality of life.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Sports Nutritional Physiological Phenomena" is not a widely recognized or established medical term. It seems to be a broad concept that combines elements from sports nutrition, physiology, and potentially some biochemical phenomena.

1. Sports Nutrition: This involves the study of how diet can impact physical performance during sporting activities. It includes understanding the role of macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, and fats) and micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) in athletic performance and recovery.

2. Physiological Phenomena: This refers to the functions and activities of living organisms and their parts, including all physical and chemical processes. In the context of sports, this could include how the body responds to exercise, such as increased heart rate, respiratory rate, and metabolism.

If you're looking for a definition that encompasses these areas, it might be something like: "The study of how nutritional intake and physiological responses interact during sporting activities, including the impact on performance, recovery, and overall health." However, this is not a standard medical definition. If you could provide more context or clarify what specific aspects you're interested in, I might be able to give a more precise answer.

Reproductive physiological phenomena refer to the various functional processes and changes that occur in the reproductive system, enabling the production, development, and reproduction of offspring in living organisms. These phenomena encompass a wide range of events, including:

1. Hormonal regulation: The release and circulation of hormones that control and coordinate reproductive functions, such as follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, and inhibin.
2. Ovarian and testicular function: The development and maturation of ova (eggs) in females and sperm in males, including folliculogenesis, ovulation, spermatogenesis, and the maintenance of secondary sexual characteristics.
3. Menstrual cycle: The series of events that occur in the female reproductive system over a 28-day period, consisting of the follicular phase, ovulation, and luteal phase, resulting in the shedding of the uterine lining if fertilization does not occur.
4. Fertilization: The process by which a sperm penetrates and fuses with an egg to form a zygote, initiating embryonic development.
5. Implantation: The attachment and embedding of the developing blastocyst (early-stage embryo) into the uterine lining, leading to pregnancy.
6. Pregnancy: The physiological state of carrying a developing offspring within the female reproductive system, characterized by hormonal changes, growth and development of the fetus, and preparation for childbirth.
7. Lactation: The production and secretion of milk from the mammary glands to provide nutrition for newborn offspring.
8. Menopause: The permanent cessation of menstrual cycles and reproductive function in females, typically occurring in the fourth or fifth decade of life, characterized by a decline in hormone production and various physical and emotional symptoms.

These reproductive physiological phenomena are complex and highly regulated processes that ensure the continuation of species and the maintenance of genetic diversity.

Physiological phenomena refer to the functional and mechanical activities that occur within a living organism or in any of its parts. These phenomena are associated with the normal functioning of the body and its organs, including biological processes such as digestion, respiration, circulation, excretion, metabolism, and nerve impulse transmission. They can be studied at different levels, from molecular and cellular to organ system and whole-body levels, and are essential for maintaining homeostasis and promoting the survival and health of the organism.

I cannot provide a medical definition for the term "Elder Nutritional Physiological Phenomena" as it is not a widely recognized or established term in the field of medicine or nutrition. It seems to be a very specific and narrow term that may refer to certain age-related changes in nutritional status and physiological functions among older adults. However, I would recommend consulting with a healthcare professional or geriatric specialist for a more accurate and detailed explanation based on the context and specific phenomena being referred to.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Urinary Tract Physiological Phenomena" is not a widely recognized or established medical term. However, I can provide information about the physiology of the urinary tract, which may be what you are looking for.

The urinary tract is a system responsible for producing, storing, and eliminating urine from the body. It includes two kidneys, two ureters, the bladder, and the urethra. The physiological phenomena associated with the urinary tract include:

1. Glomerular filtration: In the kidneys, blood is filtered through structures called glomeruli, which remove waste products and excess fluids from the bloodstream to form urine.
2. Tubular reabsorption: As urine moves through the tubules of the nephron in the kidney, essential substances like water, glucose, amino acids, and electrolytes are actively reabsorbed back into the bloodstream.
3. Hormonal regulation: The urinary system plays a role in maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance through hormonal mechanisms, such as the release of erythropoietin (regulates red blood cell production), renin (activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system to regulate blood pressure and fluid balance), and calcitriol (the active form of vitamin D that helps regulate calcium homeostasis).
4. Urine storage: The bladder serves as a reservoir for urine, expanding as it fills and contracting during urination.
5. Micturition (urination): Once the bladder reaches a certain volume or pressure, nerve signals are sent to the brain, leading to the conscious decision to urinate. The sphincters of the urethra relax, allowing urine to flow out of the body through the urethral opening.

If you could provide more context about what specific information you're looking for, I would be happy to help further!

Musculoskeletal physiological phenomena refer to the various functions, processes, and responses that occur in the musculoskeletal system. This system includes the muscles, bones, joints, cartilages, tendons, ligaments, and other connective tissues that work together to support the body's structure, enable movement, and protect vital organs.

Musculoskeletal physiological phenomena can be categorized into several areas:

1. Muscle contraction and relaxation: This involves the conversion of chemical energy into mechanical energy through the sliding of actin and myosin filaments in muscle fibers, leading to muscle shortening or lengthening.
2. Bone homeostasis: This includes the maintenance of bone mass, density, and strength through a balance between bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts.
3. Joint movement and stability: The movement of joints is enabled by the interaction between muscles, tendons, ligaments, and articular cartilage, while stability is maintained through the passive tension provided by ligaments and the active contraction of muscles.
4. Connective tissue repair and regeneration: This involves the response of tissues such as tendons, ligaments, and muscles to injury or damage, including inflammation, cell proliferation, and matrix remodeling.
5. Neuromuscular control: The coordination of muscle activity through the integration of sensory information from proprioceptors (e.g., muscle spindles, Golgi tendon organs) and motor commands from the central nervous system.
6. Skeletal development and growth: This includes the processes of bone formation, mineralization, and modeling during fetal development and childhood, as well as the maintenance of bone mass and strength throughout adulthood.
7. Aging and degeneration: The progressive decline in musculoskeletal function and structure with age, including sarcopenia (loss of muscle mass), osteoporosis (brittle bones), and joint degeneration (osteoarthritis).

Understanding these physiological phenomena is essential for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of musculoskeletal disorders and injuries.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Virus Physiological Phenomena" is not a widely recognized or established medical term or concept. It seems to be a combination of two concepts: "virus" and "physiological phenomena."

1. A virus is a small infectious agent that replicates inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses can cause many different types of illnesses, from the common cold to more serious diseases like HIV/AIDS or hepatitis.

2. Physiological phenomena refer to the functions and activities of living organisms and their parts, including cells, tissues, and organs.

If you're looking for information about how viruses affect physiological processes in the body, I would be happy to help provide some general information on that topic! However, it would be best to consult a specific medical text or expert for more detailed or specialized knowledge.

The digestive system is a complex network of organs and glands that work together to break down food into nutrients, which are then absorbed and utilized by the body for energy, growth, and cell repair. The physiological phenomena associated with the digestive system include:

1. Ingestion: This is the process of taking in food through the mouth.
2. Mechanical digestion: This involves the physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces through processes such as chewing, churning, and segmentation.
3. Chemical digestion: This involves the chemical breakdown of food molecules into simpler forms that can be absorbed by the body. This is achieved through the action of enzymes produced by the mouth, stomach, pancreas, and small intestine.
4. Motility: This refers to the movement of food through the digestive tract, which is achieved through a series of coordinated muscle contractions called peristalsis.
5. Secretion: This involves the production and release of various digestive juices and enzymes by glands such as the salivary glands, gastric glands, pancreas, and liver.
6. Absorption: This is the process of absorbing nutrients from the digested food into the bloodstream through the walls of the small intestine.
7. Defecation: This is the final process of eliminating undigested food and waste products from the body through the rectum and anus.

Overall, the coordinated functioning of these physiological phenomena ensures the proper digestion and absorption of nutrients, maintaining the health and well-being of the individual.

I cannot provide a specific medical definition for the term "Adolescent Nutritional Physiological Phenomena" as it is quite broad and can encompass various aspects related to nutrition and physiological changes that occur during adolescence. However, I can provide some insight into the nutritional and physiological changes that typically occur during adolescence.

Adolescence is a critical period of growth and development, and proper nutrition is essential to support these changes. During this time, adolescents experience significant increases in height, weight, and muscle mass, as well as sexual maturation and reproductive development. As a result, their nutrient needs are higher than those of children or adults.

Some key nutritional physiological phenomena that occur during adolescence include:

1. Increased energy needs: Adolescents require more calories to support their rapid growth and development. The estimated daily calorie needs for boys aged 14-18 years are 2,500-3,000 calories, while for girls aged 14-18 years, the estimated daily calorie needs are 2,200-2,400 calories.
2. Increased protein needs: Protein is essential for building and repairing tissues, including muscle mass. Adolescents require more protein to support their growth and development, with an estimated daily need of 46 grams for girls aged 14-18 years and 52 grams for boys aged 14-18 years.
3. Increased calcium needs: Calcium is essential for building and maintaining strong bones and teeth. Adolescents undergo significant bone growth during this time, making it crucial to meet their increased calcium needs. The recommended daily intake of calcium for adolescents is 1,300 milligrams.
4. Increased iron needs: Iron is essential for the production of red blood cells and the transport of oxygen throughout the body. Adolescent girls, in particular, have increased iron needs due to menstruation. The recommended daily intake of iron for adolescents is 8 mg for boys aged 14-18 years and 15 mg for girls aged 14-18 years.
5. Increased nutrient needs: Adolescents require a variety of vitamins and minerals to support their growth and development, including vitamin D, vitamin B12, folate, and magnesium. A balanced diet that includes a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and dairy products can help meet these needs.

In summary, adolescents have increased nutrient needs to support their growth and development. Meeting these needs requires a balanced diet that includes a variety of foods from all food groups. It is essential to ensure adequate intake of protein, calcium, iron, and other vitamins and minerals during this critical period of growth and development.

"Ocular physiological phenomena" is not a standardized medical term with a specific definition. However, I can provide some examples of ocular physiological phenomena, which refer to various normal functions and processes that occur in the eye. Here are a few examples:

1. Accommodation: The ability of the eye to change optical power to maintain a clear image or focus on an object as its distance varies. This is primarily achieved by changing the curvature of the lens through the action of the ciliary muscles.
2. Pupillary reflex: The automatic adjustment of the pupil's size in response to changes in light intensity. In bright light, the pupil constricts (miosis), while in dim light, it dilates (mydriasis). This reflex helps regulate the amount of light that enters the eye.
3. Tear production: The continuous secretion of tears by the lacrimal glands to keep the eyes moist and protected from dust, microorganisms, and other foreign particles.
4. Extraocular muscle function: The coordinated movement of the six extraocular muscles that control eyeball rotation and enable various gaze directions.
5. Color vision: The ability to perceive and distinguish different colors based on the sensitivity of photoreceptor cells (cones) in the retina to specific wavelengths of light.
6. Dark adaptation: The process by which the eyes adjust to low-light conditions, improving visual sensitivity primarily through changes in the rod photoreceptors' sensitivity and pupil dilation.
7. Light adaptation: The ability of the eye to adjust to different levels of illumination, mainly through alterations in pupil size and photoreceptor cell response.

These are just a few examples of ocular physiological phenomena. There are many more processes and functions that occur within the eye, contributing to our visual perception and overall eye health.

'Nervous system physiological phenomena' refer to the functions, activities, and processes that occur within the nervous system in a healthy or normal state. This includes:

1. Neuronal Activity: The transmission of electrical signals (action potentials) along neurons, which allows for communication between different cells and parts of the nervous system.

2. Neurotransmission: The release and binding of neurotransmitters to receptors on neighboring cells, enabling the transfer of information across the synapse or junction between two neurons.

3. Sensory Processing: The conversion of external stimuli into electrical signals by sensory receptors, followed by the transmission and interpretation of these signals within the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord).

4. Motor Function: The generation and execution of motor commands, allowing for voluntary movement and control of muscles and glands.

5. Autonomic Function: The regulation of internal organs and glands through the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system, maintaining homeostasis within the body.

6. Cognitive Processes: Higher brain functions such as perception, attention, memory, language, learning, and emotion, which are supported by complex neural networks and interactions.

7. Sleep-Wake Cycle: The regulation of sleep and wakefulness through interactions between the brainstem, thalamus, hypothalamus, and basal forebrain, ensuring proper rest and recovery.

8. Development and Plasticity: The growth, maturation, and adaptation of the nervous system throughout life, including processes such as neuronal migration, synaptogenesis, and neural plasticity.

9. Endocrine Regulation: The interaction between the nervous system and endocrine system, with the hypothalamus playing a key role in controlling hormone release and maintaining homeostasis.

10. Immune Function: The communication between the nervous system and immune system, allowing for the coordination of responses to infection, injury, or stress.

Cell physiological phenomena refer to the functional activities and processes that occur within individual cells, which are essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and normal physiology. These phenomena include various dynamic and interrelated processes such as:

1. Cell membrane transport: The movement of ions, molecules, and nutrients across the cell membrane through various mechanisms like diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, active transport, and endocytosis/exocytosis.
2. Metabolism: The sum of all chemical reactions that occur within cells to maintain life, including catabolic (breaking down) and anabolic (building up) processes for energy production, biosynthesis, and waste elimination.
3. Signal transduction: The process by which cells receive, transmit, and respond to external or internal signals through complex signaling cascades involving various second messengers, enzymes, and transcription factors.
4. Gene expression: The conversion of genetic information encoded in DNA into functional proteins and RNA molecules, including transcription, RNA processing, translation, and post-translational modifications.
5. Cell cycle regulation: The intricate mechanisms that control the progression of cells through various stages of the cell cycle (G0, G1, S, G2, M) to ensure proper cell division and prevent uncontrolled growth or cancer development.
6. Apoptosis: Programmed cell death, a physiological process by which damaged, infected, or unwanted cells are eliminated in a controlled manner without causing inflammation or harm to surrounding tissues.
7. Cell motility: The ability of cells to move and change their position within tissues, which is critical for various biological processes like embryonic development, wound healing, and immune responses.
8. Cytoskeleton dynamics: The dynamic reorganization of the cytoskeleton (microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments) that provides structural support, enables cell shape changes, and facilitates intracellular transport and organelle positioning.
9. Ion homeostasis: The regulation of ion concentrations within cells to maintain proper membrane potentials and ensure normal physiological functions like neurotransmission, muscle contraction, and enzyme activity.
10. Cell-cell communication: The exchange of signals between neighboring or distant cells through various mechanisms like gap junctions, synapses, and paracrine/autocrine signaling to coordinate cellular responses and maintain tissue homeostasis.

Respiratory physiological phenomena refer to the various mechanical, chemical, and biological processes and functions that occur in the respiratory system during breathing and gas exchange. These phenomena include:

1. Ventilation: The movement of air into and out of the lungs, which is achieved through the contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles.
2. Gas Exchange: The diffusion of oxygen (O2) from the alveoli into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream into the alveoli.
3. Respiratory Mechanics: The physical properties and forces that affect the movement of air in and out of the lungs, such as lung compliance, airway resistance, and chest wall elasticity.
4. Control of Breathing: The regulation of ventilation by the central nervous system through the integration of sensory information from chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors in the respiratory system.
5. Acid-Base Balance: The maintenance of a stable pH level in the blood through the regulation of CO2 elimination and bicarbonate balance by the respiratory and renal systems.
6. Oxygen Transport: The binding of O2 to hemoglobin in the red blood cells and its delivery to the tissues for metabolic processes.
7. Defense Mechanisms: The various protective mechanisms that prevent the entry and colonization of pathogens and foreign particles into the respiratory system, such as mucociliary clearance, cough reflex, and immune responses.

"Skin physiological phenomena" is not a standard medical term with a specific definition. However, I can provide some information about the general concepts that might be encompassed by this term.

Physiological phenomena refer to the functions and processes that occur in living organisms. When it comes to the skin, there are many different physiological phenomena that take place, including:

1. Barrier function: The skin acts as a barrier to protect the body from external elements such as bacteria, viruses, chemicals, and UV radiation.
2. Temperature regulation: The skin helps regulate body temperature through sweat production and blood flow.
3. Sensation: The skin contains nerve endings that allow us to feel touch, pressure, pain, and temperature.
4. Vitamin D synthesis: The skin can produce vitamin D when exposed to sunlight.
5. Moisture regulation: The skin helps maintain the body's moisture balance by producing sweat and preventing water loss.
6. Immunological function: The skin plays a role in the immune system by providing a physical barrier and containing immune cells that help fight off infections.
7. Excretion: The skin eliminates waste products through sweat.
8. Wound healing: The skin has the ability to repair itself after injury, through a complex process involving inflammation, tissue regeneration, and remodeling.

Therefore, "skin physiological phenomena" could refer to any or all of these functions and processes that take place in the skin.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena" is not a standard or widely recognized medical term. It seems to be a rather broad and vague phrase that combines several concepts: prenatal (occurring before birth), nutritional (relating to nutrition), physiological (relating to the functioning of living organisms and their parts), and phenomena (observable events or occurrences).

If you're interested in a specific aspect of maternal and fetal nutrition, physiology, or related processes during pregnancy, I would be happy to help further if you could provide a more precise term or question. For example, prenatal nutritional physiological phenomena could refer to the process of how certain nutrients are transported across the placenta, how maternal nutrition affects fetal growth and development, or how various hormonal and metabolic changes occur during pregnancy.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Plant Physiological Phenomena" is not a standard medical term. It falls more within the domain of botany, which is a branch of biology focused on the study of plants.

However, I can provide a general explanation: Plant physiological phenomena refer to the functional processes and activities that occur within plants. This includes various aspects such as photosynthesis (the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy to fuel their growth), respiration, plant nutrition (the uptake and assimilation of nutrients from the soil), water relations (how plants absorb, transport, and use water), plant hormone functions, and many other processes.

If you have a term that is used in a medical context which you would like defined, I'd be happy to help with that!

Bacterial physiological phenomena refer to the various functional processes and activities that occur within bacteria, which are necessary for their survival, growth, and reproduction. These phenomena include:

1. Metabolism: This is the process by which bacteria convert nutrients into energy and cellular components. It involves a series of chemical reactions that break down organic compounds such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins to produce energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
2. Respiration: This is the process by which bacteria use oxygen to convert organic compounds into carbon dioxide and water, releasing energy in the form of ATP. Some bacteria can also perform anaerobic respiration, using alternative electron acceptors such as nitrate or sulfate instead of oxygen.
3. Fermentation: This is a type of anaerobic metabolism in which bacteria convert organic compounds into simpler molecules, releasing energy in the form of ATP. Unlike respiration, fermentation does not require an external electron acceptor.
4. Motility: Many bacteria are capable of moving independently, using various mechanisms such as flagella or twitching motility. This allows them to move towards favorable environments and away from harmful ones.
5. Chemotaxis: Bacteria can sense and respond to chemical gradients in their environment, allowing them to move towards attractants and away from repellents.
6. Quorum sensing: Bacteria can communicate with each other using signaling molecules called autoinducers. When the concentration of autoinducers reaches a certain threshold, the bacteria can coordinate their behavior, such as initiating biofilm formation or producing virulence factors.
7. Sporulation: Some bacteria can form spores, which are highly resistant to heat, radiation, and chemicals. Spores can remain dormant for long periods of time and germinate when conditions are favorable.
8. Biofilm formation: Bacteria can form complex communities called biofilms, which are composed of cells embedded in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Biofilms can provide protection from environmental stressors and host immune responses.
9. Cell division: Bacteria reproduce by binary fission, where the cell divides into two identical daughter cells. This process is regulated by various cell cycle checkpoints and can be influenced by environmental factors such as nutrient availability.

Cardiovascular physiological phenomena refer to the various functions and processes that occur within the cardiovascular system, which includes the heart and blood vessels. These phenomena are responsible for the transport of oxygen, nutrients, and other essential molecules to tissues throughout the body, as well as the removal of waste products and carbon dioxide.

Some examples of cardiovascular physiological phenomena include:

1. Heart rate and rhythm: The heart's ability to contract regularly and coordinate its contractions with the body's needs for oxygen and nutrients.
2. Blood pressure: The force exerted by blood on the walls of blood vessels, which is determined by the amount of blood pumped by the heart and the resistance of the blood vessels.
3. Cardiac output: The volume of blood that the heart pumps in one minute, calculated as the product of stroke volume (the amount of blood pumped per beat) and heart rate.
4. Blood flow: The movement of blood through the circulatory system, which is influenced by factors such as blood pressure, vessel diameter, and blood viscosity.
5. Vasoconstriction and vasodilation: The narrowing or widening of blood vessels in response to various stimuli, such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and changes in temperature or oxygen levels.
6. Autoregulation: The ability of blood vessels to maintain a constant blood flow to tissues despite changes in perfusion pressure.
7. Blood clotting: The process by which the body forms a clot to stop bleeding after an injury, which involves the activation of platelets and the coagulation cascade.
8. Endothelial function: The ability of the endothelium (the lining of blood vessels) to regulate vascular tone, inflammation, and thrombosis.
9. Myocardial contractility: The strength of heart muscle contractions, which is influenced by factors such as calcium levels, neurotransmitters, and hormones.
10. Electrophysiology: The study of the electrical properties of the heart, including the conduction system that allows for the coordinated contraction of heart muscle.

Maternal nutritional physiological phenomena refer to the various changes and processes that occur in a woman's body during pregnancy, lactation, and postpartum periods to meet the increased nutritional demands and support the growth and development of the fetus or infant. These phenomena involve complex interactions between maternal nutrition, hormonal regulation, metabolism, and physiological functions to ensure optimal pregnancy outcomes and offspring health.

Examples of maternal nutritional physiological phenomena include:

1. Adaptations in maternal nutrient metabolism: During pregnancy, the mother's body undergoes various adaptations to increase the availability of essential nutrients for fetal growth and development. For instance, there are increased absorption and utilization of glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids, as well as enhanced storage of glycogen and lipids in maternal tissues.
2. Placental transfer of nutrients: The placenta plays a crucial role in facilitating the exchange of nutrients between the mother and fetus. It selectively transports essential nutrients such as glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals from the maternal circulation to the fetal compartment while removing waste products.
3. Maternal weight gain: Pregnant women typically experience an increase in body weight due to the growth of the fetus, placenta, amniotic fluid, and maternal tissues such as the uterus and breasts. Adequate gestational weight gain is essential for ensuring optimal pregnancy outcomes and reducing the risk of adverse perinatal complications.
4. Changes in maternal hormonal regulation: Pregnancy is associated with significant changes in hormonal profiles, including increased levels of estrogen, progesterone, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and other hormones that regulate various physiological functions such as glucose metabolism, appetite regulation, and maternal-fetal immune tolerance.
5. Lactation: Following childbirth, the mother's body undergoes further adaptations to support lactation and breastfeeding. This involves the production and secretion of milk, which contains essential nutrients and bioactive components that promote infant growth, development, and immunity.
6. Nutrient requirements: Pregnancy and lactation increase women's nutritional demands for various micronutrients such as iron, calcium, folate, vitamin D, and omega-3 fatty acids. Meeting these increased nutritional needs is crucial for ensuring optimal pregnancy outcomes and supporting maternal health during the postpartum period.

Understanding these physiological adaptations and their implications for maternal and fetal health is essential for developing evidence-based interventions to promote positive pregnancy outcomes, reduce the risk of adverse perinatal complications, and support women's health throughout the reproductive lifespan.

"Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena" is a broad term that refers to various physical and biological processes related to nutrition in children. While I couldn't find a precise medical definition for this specific phrase, I can provide you with some key physiological phenomena associated with child nutrition. These include:

1. Growth and Development: Proper nutrition is crucial for normal growth and development in children. Adequate intake of essential nutrients, vitamins, and minerals supports physical growth, brain development, and overall well-being.
2. Digestion and Absorption: The gastrointestinal tract undergoes significant changes during childhood, affecting the ability to digest and absorb various nutrients. For example, lactase production decreases in some children after weaning, leading to lactose intolerance.
3. Energy Metabolism: Children have higher energy requirements per unit of body weight compared to adults due to their rapid growth and development. Proper nutrition ensures efficient energy metabolism and prevents issues like obesity or undernutrition.
4. Immune Function: Nutrition plays a vital role in supporting the immune system. Adequate intake of nutrients like vitamin C, vitamin D, iron, zinc, and protein helps maintain immune function and resistance to infections.
5. Micronutrient Deficiencies: Inadequate nutrition can lead to micronutrient deficiencies, which may impair children's growth, cognitive development, and overall health. Examples include iron deficiency anemia, vitamin A deficiency, and iodine deficiency disorders.
6. Overnutrition and Obesity: Excessive energy intake, coupled with reduced physical activity, can lead to overweight and obesity in children. This increases the risk of developing non-communicable diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and certain types of cancer later in life.
7. Food Allergies and Intolerances: Children are more prone to food allergies and intolerances than adults. These can manifest as various symptoms, such as skin rashes, digestive issues, or respiratory problems, and may require dietary modifications.
8. Eating Behaviors and Preferences: Childhood is a critical period for shaping eating behaviors and food preferences. Exposure to a variety of healthy foods during this stage can help establish lifelong healthy eating habits.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Nutritional Physiological Phenomena" is not a widely recognized or established medical term. It seems to be a very specific phrase that may refer to the physiological processes and phenomena related to nutrition.

Nutrition, in a medical context, refers to the process of providing or obtaining food necessary for health and growth. Physiological phenomena, on the other hand, refer to the functional manifestations of living organisms and their parts.

So, "Nutritional Physiological Phenomena" could hypothetically refer to the various physiological processes that occur in the body in relation to nutrition, such as digestion, absorption, metabolism, transportation, and storage of nutrients. However, I would recommend consulting the specific source or context where this term was used for a more accurate definition.

Methacholine chloride is a medication that is used as a diagnostic tool to help identify and assess the severity of asthma or other respiratory conditions that cause airway hyperresponsiveness. It is a synthetic derivative of acetylcholine, which is a neurotransmitter that causes smooth muscle contraction in the body.

When methacholine chloride is inhaled, it stimulates the muscarinic receptors in the airways, causing them to constrict or narrow. This response is measured and used to determine the degree of airway hyperresponsiveness, which can help diagnose asthma and assess its severity.

The methacholine challenge test involves inhaling progressively higher doses of methacholine chloride until a significant decrease in lung function is observed or until a maximum dose is reached. The test results are then used to guide treatment decisions and monitor the effectiveness of therapy. It's important to note that this test should be conducted under the supervision of a healthcare professional, as it carries some risks, including bronchoconstriction and respiratory distress.

Urea is not a medical condition but it is a medically relevant substance. Here's the definition:

Urea is a colorless, odorless solid that is the primary nitrogen-containing compound in the urine of mammals. It is a normal metabolic end product that is excreted by the kidneys and is also used as a fertilizer and in various industrial applications. Chemically, urea is a carbamide, consisting of two amino groups (NH2) joined by a carbon atom and having a hydrogen atom and a hydroxyl group (OH) attached to the carbon atom. Urea is produced in the liver as an end product of protein metabolism and is then eliminated from the body by the kidneys through urination. Abnormal levels of urea in the blood, known as uremia, can indicate impaired kidney function or other medical conditions.

Methacholine compounds are medications that are used as a diagnostic tool to help identify and confirm the presence of airway hyperresponsiveness in patients with respiratory symptoms such as cough, wheeze, or shortness of breath. These compounds act as bronchoconstrictors, causing narrowing of the airways in individuals who have heightened sensitivity and reactivity of their airways, such as those with asthma.

Methacholine is a synthetic derivative of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that mediates nerve impulse transmission in the body. When inhaled, methacholine binds to muscarinic receptors on the smooth muscle surrounding the airways, leading to their contraction and narrowing. The degree of bronchoconstriction is then measured to assess the patient's airway responsiveness.

It is important to note that methacholine compounds are not used as therapeutic agents but rather as diagnostic tools in a controlled medical setting under the supervision of healthcare professionals.

Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. The airway obstruction in asthma is usually reversible, either spontaneously or with treatment.

The underlying cause of asthma involves a combination of genetic and environmental factors that result in hypersensitivity of the airways to certain triggers, such as allergens, irritants, viruses, exercise, and emotional stress. When these triggers are encountered, the airways constrict due to smooth muscle spasm, swell due to inflammation, and produce excess mucus, leading to the characteristic symptoms of asthma.

Asthma is typically managed with a combination of medications that include bronchodilators to relax the airway muscles, corticosteroids to reduce inflammation, and leukotriene modifiers or mast cell stabilizers to prevent allergic reactions. Avoiding triggers and monitoring symptoms are also important components of asthma management.

There are several types of asthma, including allergic asthma, non-allergic asthma, exercise-induced asthma, occupational asthma, and nocturnal asthma, each with its own set of triggers and treatment approaches. Proper diagnosis and management of asthma can help prevent exacerbations, improve quality of life, and reduce the risk of long-term complications.

Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV) is a medical term used to describe the volume of air that can be forcefully exhaled from the lungs in one second. It is often measured during pulmonary function testing to assess lung function and diagnose conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma.

FEV is typically expressed as a percentage of the Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), which is the total volume of air that can be exhaled from the lungs after taking a deep breath in. The ratio of FEV to FVC is used to determine whether there is obstruction in the airways, with a lower ratio indicating more severe obstruction.

There are different types of FEV measurements, including FEV1 (the volume of air exhaled in one second), FEV25-75 (the average volume of air exhaled during the middle 50% of the FVC maneuver), and FEV0.5 (the volume of air exhaled in half a second). These measurements can provide additional information about lung function and help guide treatment decisions.

Bronchoconstriction is a medical term that refers to the narrowing of the airways in the lungs (the bronchi and bronchioles) due to the contraction of the smooth muscles surrounding them. This constriction can cause difficulty breathing, wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath, which are common symptoms of asthma and other respiratory conditions.

Bronchoconstriction can be triggered by a variety of factors, including allergens, irritants, cold air, exercise, and emotional stress. In some cases, it may also be caused by certain medications, such as beta-blockers or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Treatment for bronchoconstriction typically involves the use of bronchodilators, which are medications that help to relax the smooth muscles around the airways and widen them, making it easier to breathe.

Bronchoconstrictor agents are substances that cause narrowing or constriction of the bronchioles, the small airways in the lungs. This can lead to symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath. Bronchoconstrictor agents include certain medications (such as some beta-blockers and prostaglandin F2alpha), environmental pollutants (such as tobacco smoke and air pollution particles), and allergens (such as dust mites and pollen).

In contrast to bronchodilator agents, which are medications that widen the airways and improve breathing, bronchoconstrictor agents can make it more difficult for a person to breathe. People with respiratory conditions such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may be particularly sensitive to bronchoconstrictor agents and may experience severe symptoms when exposed to them.

In the context of medicine and physiology, vibration refers to the mechanical oscillation of a physical body or substance with a periodic back-and-forth motion around an equilibrium point. This motion can be produced by external forces or internal processes within the body.

Vibration is often measured in terms of frequency (the number of cycles per second) and amplitude (the maximum displacement from the equilibrium position). In clinical settings, vibration perception tests are used to assess peripheral nerve function and diagnose conditions such as neuropathy.

Prolonged exposure to whole-body vibration or hand-transmitted vibration in certain occupational settings can also have adverse health effects, including hearing loss, musculoskeletal disorders, and vascular damage.

Hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) is a disorder that affects the nerves, blood vessels, muscles, and joints of the hands and arms. It's primarily caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of hand-transmitted vibration, such as from operating power tools or machinery that vibrate.

The symptoms of HAVS can include:

1. Numbness, tingling, or loss of sensation in the fingers.
2. Fingertip color changes (blanching) when exposed to cold.
3. Impaired blood flow, leading to finger blotchiness and skin color changes.
4. Reduced hand grip strength and coordination.
5. Pain and stiffness in the hands and arms.

The symptoms can develop gradually over time and may not be immediately noticeable. Early recognition and limiting exposure to vibration sources are crucial for preventing further progression of HAVS.

Raynaud's disease, also known as Raynaud's phenomenon or syndrome, is a condition that affects the blood vessels, particularly in the fingers and toes. It is characterized by episodes of vasospasm (constriction) of the small digital arteries and arterioles, which can be triggered by cold temperatures or emotional stress. This results in reduced blood flow to the affected areas, causing them to become pale or white and then cyanotic (blue) due to the accumulation of deoxygenated blood. As the episode resolves, the affected areas may turn red as blood flow returns, sometimes accompanied by pain, numbness, or tingling sensations.

Raynaud's disease can be primary, meaning it occurs without an underlying medical condition, or secondary, which is associated with connective tissue disorders, autoimmune diseases, or other health issues such as carpal tunnel syndrome, vibration tool usage, or smoking. Primary Raynaud's is more common and tends to be less severe than secondary Raynaud's.

Treatment for Raynaud's disease typically involves avoiding triggers, keeping the body warm, and using medications to help dilate blood vessels and improve circulation. In some cases, lifestyle modifications and smoking cessation may also be recommended to manage symptoms and prevent progression of the condition.

In medical terms, fingers are not specifically defined as they are common anatomical structures. However, I can provide you with a general anatomy definition:

Fingers are the terminal parts of the upper limb in primates, including humans, consisting of four digits (thumb, index, middle, and ring fingers) and one opposable thumb. They contain bones called phalanges, connected by joints that allow for movement and flexibility. Each finger has a nail, nerve endings for sensation, and blood vessels to supply nutrients and oxygen. Fingers are crucial for various activities such as grasping, manipulating objects, and tactile exploration of the environment.

A Laboratory Infection, also known as a laboratory-acquired infection (LAI), is an infection that occurs in individuals who are exposed to pathogens or other harmful microorganisms while working in a laboratory setting. These infections can occur through various routes of exposure, including inhalation, skin contact, or ingestion of contaminated materials.

Laboratory infections pose significant risks to laboratory workers, researchers, and even visitors who may come into contact with infectious agents during their work or visit. To minimize these risks, laboratories follow strict biosafety protocols, including the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), proper handling and disposal of contaminated materials, and adherence to established safety guidelines.

Examples of laboratory infections include tuberculosis, salmonella, hepatitis B and C, and various other bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic infections. Prompt diagnosis, treatment, and implementation of appropriate infection control measures are crucial to prevent the spread of these infections within the laboratory setting and beyond.

Occupational diseases are health conditions or illnesses that occur as a result of exposure to hazards in the workplace. These hazards can include physical, chemical, and biological agents, as well as ergonomic factors and work-related psychosocial stressors. Examples of occupational diseases include respiratory illnesses caused by inhaling dust or fumes, hearing loss due to excessive noise exposure, and musculoskeletal disorders caused by repetitive movements or poor ergonomics. The development of an occupational disease is typically related to the nature of the work being performed and the conditions in which it is carried out. It's important to note that these diseases can be prevented or minimized through proper risk assessment, implementation of control measures, and adherence to safety regulations.

It is a physiological phenomenon that requires no treatment. Marshall-White syndrome List of cutaneous conditions Freedberg, et ... 819-20 The spots appear when the blood is congested with a bandage on the upper arm, e.g. with a blood pressure cuff. The spots ...
However, the physiological implications of this phenomenon remain unclear. Allosteric regulation Haldane effect Root effect ... However, when their blood was examined, this was not the case. Humpback whales weighing 41,000 kilograms had an observed Δ log ... Since carbon dioxide reacts with water to form carbonic acid, an increase in CO2 results in a decrease in blood pH, resulting ... This increases the acidity of the blood far more than CO2 alone, which reflects the cells' even greater need for oxygen. In ...
Studies show that drinking alcoholic beverages in the evening causes physiological distress upon wake up. This phenomenon is ... Levels of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral blood flow velocities (CBFV) will take up to 30 minutes to increase and reach ... "The sleep inertia phenomenon during the sleep-wake transition: Theoretical and operational issues (PDF Download Available)". ... Studies using advanced imaging have shown that cerebral blood flow will return to waking levels in the brainstem and thalamus ...
... is a physiological phenomenon which appears in extreme flight conditions. Symptoms include insufficient blood flow to the brain ...
He also worked extensively on developing accurate methods to measure blood pressure and other physiological phenomena (e.g. ... This law states that "Within physiological limits, the force of contraction is directly proportional to the initial length of ... Gelehrtenkalender 6 (1940/41) 378 A. P. Fishman, D. W. Richards (eds.): Circulation of the blood. New York 1964, pp. 110-113 A ... from 1894 Frank worked as an assistant in Carl von Voit's Physiological Institute in Munich where he studied cardiac function ...
Since the first experiments, a strange phenomenon was observed. Binding interactions between the white blood cells and the ... This topic was finally able to be studied thoroughly under physiological shear stress conditions using a typical flow chamber. ... Leukocytes use the blood as a transport medium to reach the tissues of the body. Here is a brief summary of each of the four ... White blood cells (leukocytes) perform most of their functions in tissues. Functions include phagocytosis of foreign particles ...
An interpretation of the blood sugar phenomena following the ingestion of glucose, J. Biol. Chem. 1923, 55:303-314". {{cite ... "Low glycemic index: lente carbohydrates and physiological effects of altered food frequency." The American journal of clinical ... Studies on blood sugar. Effects upon the blood sugar of the repeated ingestion of glucose. Johns Hopkins Hospital Bulletin 344 ... This facilitated disposal of a glucose load is known as the Staub-Traugott phenomenon." This phenomenon drew considerable ...
... is a physiological phenomenon that takes places in normal blood under low-flow conditions or at stasis ... blood film syllectometry intravital microscopy high-frequency ultrasound Optical coherence tomography Chien S, Sung LA (1987 ... Erythrocyte aggregation is the reversible clumping of red blood cells (RBCs) under low shear forces or at stasis. Erythrocytes ... Cabel M, Meiselman HJ, Popel AS, Johnson PC (1997). "Contribution of red blood cell aggregation to venous vascular resistance ...
According to him, the plethora is a vein full of blood, which flows into the arteries and mechanically expels the pneuma there ... Under the influence of the Democritus of atomistics and the peripatetic school, he sought to interpret all life phenomena in a ... He was the first to correctly describe the physiological functions of ventricular heart valves. ... He described the heart and its valves, blood vessels and nerves, the brain and its chambers and eddies, brain nerve outputs, ...
This phenomenon occurs due to dilation of the blood vessels, probably as a result of withdrawal of sympathetic nervous system ... One account for these physiological responses is the Bezold-Jarisch reflex. Vasovagal syncope may be part of an evolved ... When heart rate slows or blood pressure drops, the resulting lack of blood to the brain causes fainting. Typical triggers ... The underlying mechanism involves the nervous system slowing the heart rate and dilating blood vessels, resulting in low blood ...
This phenomenon is referred to as stem cell transdifferentiation or plasticity. It can be induced by modifying the growth ... doi:10.1182/blood-2004-04-1559. PMID 15494428. Augello A, Tasso R, Negrini SM, Cancedda R, Pennesi G (April 2007). "Cell ... There is yet no consensus among biologists on the prevalence and physiological and therapeutic relevance of stem cell ... More recent findings suggest that pluripotent stem cells may reside in blood and adult tissues in a dormant state. These cells ...
... is a physiological phenomenon in which psychosocial stress experienced by a mother during her ... Psychosocial stress describes the brain's physiological response to perceived social threat. Because of a link in blood supply ... leading to physiological manifestations of stress such as increased maternal blood pressure (MBP) and maternal heart rate (MHR ... This biological phenomena is problematic due to the impact that an increased level of cortisol has on the foetal HPA axis. The ...
THAD is thought to be a physiological phenomenon resulting from regional variation in the blood supply by the portal vein and/ ...
Variation in the beat-to-beat interval is a physiological phenomenon. The SA node receives several different inputs and the ... This heart rate variation is associated with Mayer waves (Traube-Hering-Mayer waves) of blood pressure and is usually at a ... Heart rate variability (HRV) is the physiological phenomenon of variation in the time interval between heartbeats. It is ... Less is known about the physiological inputs of the low frequency (LF) activity (0.04 to 0.15 Hz). Though previously thought to ...
Examples of physiological regeneration in mammals include epithelial renewal (e.g., skin and intestinal tract), red blood cell ... In order to prevent starvation a planarian will use their own cells for energy, this phenomenon is known as de-growth. Limb ... This type of regeneration is common in physiological situations. Examples of physiological regeneration are the continual ... Similar to the physiological regeneration of hair in mammals, birds can regenerate their feathers in order to repair damaged ...
... a mutation of a gene coding for an ion channel which disrupts electrical phenomenon underlying physiological processes. ... Brain slice preparations have debris, blood and lymph vessels or off target cells which may block the pipette from its target. ... Characterizing the opening dynamics of ion channels has provided crucial insights to physiological mechanisms underlying a ...
415 Influence of cobra poison in the clotting of blood and the action of Calmette's antivenomous serum on the phenomenon. Myers ... Proceedings of Physiological Society, Journal of Physiology;xxiii On immunity against proteids. Lancet, 1900;ii:98 Myers ... Lancet, 1898;ii:23 The action of cobra poison on the blood: a contribution to the study of passive immunity. In collaboration ... work on blood and its diseases, and on the theory of immunity. Under the scholarship Myers studied in three leading ...
... shared physiological system. Through this unique approach, researchers can study the exchange of blood, hormones, and other ... allowing for the examination of a wide range of physiological phenomena and interactions. Parabiosis has been employed in ... To prove that the two animals were sharing blood, researchers injected dye into one rat's veins, and the pigment would show up ... Researchers can prove that the feedback system in one animal is circulated and affects the second animal via blood and plasma ...
His main interest was physiological research on such subjects as the electrical phenomena accompanying secretion, the action of ... drugs on the circulation and secretion of the kidney, and the innervation of various blood vessels. In 1894 he was elected a ...
He conducted research into the circulation of the blood and phenomena of inflammation that was carried out on the frog's web ... As a clinical scientist working in physiological sciences, he was foremost in the number of discoveries he made. He was also ... However, Lister knew that the phenomena of the slowing of the blood through the capillaries seemed to precede inflammation. ... Lister first used the amputated legs from sheep and discovered that blood remained liquid in the blood vessels for up to six ...
... (HPV), also known as the Euler-Liljestrand mechanism, is a physiological phenomenon in which ... Von Euler US, Liljestrand G (1946). "Observations on the pulmonary arterial blood pressure in the cat". Acta Physiol. Scand. 12 ... The process might initially seem counterintuitive, as low oxygen levels might theoretically stimulate increased blood flow to ... Physiological Reviews. 92 (1): 367-520. doi:10.1152/physrev.00041.2010. ISSN 1522-1210. PMC 9469196. PMID 22298659. S2CID ...
... he was one of the first to identify the phenomenon of "white coat hypertension", in which patients exhibit poor blood pressure ... Program Project that began in 1993 and has investigated several phenomena related to the behavioral causes and physiological ... Recommendations for blood pressure measurement in humans and experimental animals: part 1: blood pressure measurement in humans ... An international database of prospective ambulatory blood pressure monitoring studies. Blood Press Monit 2003;8(4):147-149. ...
An unknown proportion of people may consciously initiate the sensation and physiological signs of piloerection. The phenomenon ... As the body prepares itself for either fighting or running, the sympathetic nervous system floods the blood with adrenaline ( ... Goose bumps are accompanied by a specific physiological response pattern that is thought to indicate the emotional state of ... Medications and herbal supplements that affect body temperature and blood flow may cause piloerection. For example, one of the ...
It was from these studies that he outlined the phenomenon of human physiological adaptation to environmental changes as a ... such as how it affects blood pressure. He spent a couple of months at 9,500 feet (3,000 m.), and then five weeks at elevations ... where he founded the Laboratory of Physiological Hygiene. His earlier research on human physiology led to an assignment with ... MD became director of the Laboratory of Physiological Hygiene. Blackburn continued research on the role of lifestyle including ...
... may be attributed to incorrect stimuli is because many stimuli have similar physiological symptoms such as increased blood ... 1981) investigated this phenomenon and found that those in an unrelated aroused state will rate an attractive confederate more ... One of the initial studies looking into this phenomenon conducted by Schachter and Singer (1962) was based on the idea that the ... Epinephrine activated the sympathetic nervous system and produced symptoms such as an elevated heart rate and blood pressure. ...
Although the Cushing reflex was primarily identified as a physiological response when blood flow has almost ceased, its ... Cushing reflex (also referred to as the vasopressor response, the Cushing effect, the Cushing reaction, the Cushing phenomenon ... As a result of the now defective regulation of heart rate and blood pressure, the physiologic response is decreased blood flow ... This constriction raises the total resistance of blood flow, elevating blood pressure to high levels, which is known as ...
... a physiological phenomenon of the lungs Health Purchasing Victoria, an Australian public authority High production volume ... a blood vessel Human-powered vehicle, a land, water or air vehicle powered by humans Hydrogen peroxide vapor, an antimicrobial ...
The time in the "W" position will allow the pooled blood from the legs to be slowly re-introduced back into the body. By ... The most recent comprehensive study of this phenomenon was performed in 2016 by James Marc Beverly. The study, titled "Harness ... Suspension Stress Physiological and Safety Assessment", found no evidence to support medical intervention beyond ACLS for ... On the one hand, exercising the leg muscles will keep the blood returning to the torso, but on the other hand, as the movements ...
In humans, the blood carbon dioxide contents is shown in the adjacent table. CO2 is carried in blood in three different ways. ( ... The physiological effects of acute carbon dioxide exposure are grouped together under the term hypercapnia, a subset of ... He used this phenomenon to illustrate that carbon dioxide is produced by animal respiration and microbial fermentation. In 1772 ... Chemistry portal Arterial blood gas test - A test of blood taken from an artery that measures the amounts of certain dissolved ...
In other words, psychophysiological research can consist of the study of social, psychological, and/or behavioral phenomena as ... A great deal of psychophysiological research has focused on the physiological instantiation of emotion, but with increased ... blood pressure, plethysmography) Oculomotor and pupilometric measures Electromyographic activity Respiration Gastrointestinal ... covering research on the interrelationships between the physiological and psychological aspects of brain and behavior. The ...
In this study we evaluated the physiological and biomechanical responses of elite-national class (i.e., group 1; N = 9) and ... VO2 at the blood lactate threshold (r = 0.93; P less than 0.001). Group 1 was not different from group 2 regarding VO2max ( ... Physiological and biomechanical factors associated with elite endurance cycling performance Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1991 Jan;23(1 ... In this study we evaluated the physiological and biomechanical responses of "elite-national class" (i.e., group 1; N = 9) and " ...
Since the carotid bodies receive exceptionally high blood perfusion through branches of the external carotid artery, their ... The carotid bodies contain chemoreceptor cells that respond to hypoxia and hypercapnia/acidosis of the arterial blood. ... Respiratory Physiological Phenomena* Substances * Carbon Dioxide * Oxygen ... response is not altered until blood flow is severely limited. Reducing blood flow increases neural stimulus but decreases ...
It is a physiological phenomenon that requires no treatment. Marshall-White syndrome List of cutaneous conditions Freedberg, et ... 819-20 The spots appear when the blood is congested with a bandage on the upper arm, e.g. with a blood pressure cuff. The spots ...
Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena, Blood Circulation, Vascular Diseases, Blood Vessels, Vascular Surgical Procedures, ... Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena, Blood Circulation, Vascular Diseases, Arterial Pressure, Coronary Disease, Acute ... Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena, Coronary Disease, Acute Coronary Syndrome, Arrhythmias, Cardiac, Heart Failure, ... Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena, Coronary Disease, Acute Coronary Syndrome, Coronary Artery Disease, Arrhythmias, ...
Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena [G09.330]. *Hemodynamics [G09.330.380]. *Blood Pressure [G09.330.380.076]. *Pulmonary ... The blood pressure as recorded after wedging a CATHETER in a small PULMONARY ARTERY; believed to reflect the PRESSURE in the ...
3. Mild hypoxaemia, ventilation-blood-flow inequality and impairment of gas transfer also occurred after urea administration. ... The response could not be related to any of the clinical or other physiological variables examined. ... This response was a relatively constant phenomenon in the same subject. Urea appears to possess the unusual property of being ...
For easy understanding, we try to record the physiological phenomena and explain by figures.. Subjects:. Two Qigong theorists ... blood pressure lowered in the state of great Zhoutian Gong. content of oxygen in blood discontinuously increased a brain wave ... The result includes EEG, ECG, blood pressure, pulse beating, oxygen content in blood, skin electric conductance and respiration ... A preliminary study of the physiological efficacy when doing Zhoutian Cong Author: Liu C//Machi Y//Huang J//Huang M//Huang X. ...
Another physiological phenomenon that occurs during heat acclimation is fluid balance. Specifically, our bodies become better ( ... Blood plasma, which normally makes up 55% of your blood volume, helps to carry not only red blood cells (held in suspension) ... the shrinking of blood vessels, to shunt blood toward our core, which protects our major organs and keeps blood flowing from ... When it comes to dissipating heat, our blood vessels can do the opposite and vasodilate, or expand, sending more blood to the ...
Small Blood Vessel Disease in the Brain Linked to Worse Cognition in Alzheimers Alisa Kirkin - ... Researchers Uncover New Blood Biomarker Predicting Alzheimers Development in the Cognitively Healthy Chris Anderson - ...
For patient education information, see the Pregnancy Center, as well as Kidney Stones, Blood in the Urine, and Urinary Tract ... 10] Early theories suggest that hydronephrosis of pregnancy may be a hormonally induced phenomenon whereby ureteral smooth ... Pregnancy-related events that tend to enhance stone formation include decreased ureteral peristalsis, physiological ... 9] Coincident to the increased hypercalciuria in pregnancy is an increase in total circulating blood volume, making the ...
Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena, Blood Circulation, Vascular Diseases, Blood Vessels, Vascular Surgical Procedures, ... Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena, Blood Circulation, Vascular Diseases, Arterial Pressure, Coronary Disease, Acute ... Vascular Diseases, Blood Vessels, Vascular Surgical Procedures, Blood Circulation, Arterial Pressure, Cardiology, Heart, ... Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena, Arrhythmias, Cardiac, Heart Failure, Hypertension, Public Health, Delivery of Health ...
With this in mind, I think it is a physiological phenomenon, because I am reminded of how staring at the sun or a bright light ... like i burst a blood vessel or something. i recently learned this is my eyes filling with blood, (also like i burst a blood ... Is it possible that theres a (more) physiological rather than psychological explanation for this phenomenon? Ive just ... I figure it was from dilated blood vessels in the retina. I hate to think what my blood pressure must have been at the time!. ...
These phenomena are responsible for a statistically significant increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) blood content in mask wearers ... various physiological phenomena were documented, such as the significant increase in heart and respiratory rate, the impairment ... A mask-induced drop in blood oxygen saturation value (SpO2) [30] or the blood oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) [34] can in turn ... increase in blood carbon dioxide [13,15,17,19,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,35], decrease in blood oxygen saturation [18,19,21, ...
Prevalence and predictors of white-coat hypertension in a large database of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring ... The WCE and WCH differ in their definitions, physiological mechanisms and clinical significance [14]. WCE is a phenomenon which ... Effect of blood pressure measured by the doctor on patients blood pressure and heart rate. Lancet, 1983, 2:695-8. ... 24-hour blood pressure monitoring: evaluation of Spacelabs 5300 monitor by comparison with intra-arterial blood pressure ...
... a condition also known as vibration white finger and as Raynauds phenomenon of occupational origin ... Likewise, the physiological or chemical changes due to vibration in the blood and blood vessels can only be speculated upon at ... Raynauds phenomenon was first described as "a condition, a local syncope [loss of blood circulation], where persons see one or ... Table I-1. Differential Diagnosis-Raynauds Phenomenon. Differential Diagnosis-Raynauds Phenomenon. Primary:. Raynauds ...
Drug addiction is a cluster of behavioral, cognitive, and physiological phenomena that may include a strong desire to take the ... 5.3 Increased Blood Pressure and Heart Rate. CNS stimulants cause an increase in blood pressure (mean increase about 2 to 4 mm ... Increased Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Instruct patients that ADZENYS XR-ODT can cause elevations of their blood pressure and ... Increased blood pressure and heart rate. Your healthcare provider should check you or your childs blood pressure and heart ...
... is a physiological phenomenon where veins become more visible due to factors like reduced body fat and increased blood ... Nitric oxide is a game-changer - it relaxes your blood vessels, leading to improved blood flow and nutrient delivery to your ... How can I increase blood flow and vascularity?. To increase your blood flow and vascularity, engage in regular cardiovascular ... Caffeine: More than a morning pick-me-up, caffeine can help dilate blood vessels, enhancing blood flow and potentially ...
Furthermore, tumors are known to stiffen as they progress, a phenomenon that has largely been attributed to heightened ... and hyperpermeable relative to that found within physiological tissues. ... Tumor blood vasculature tends to be heterogeneously distributed, densely branched, tortuous, malformed, ... Tumor blood vasculature tends to be heterogeneously distributed, densely branched, tortuous, malformed, and hyperpermeable ...
... â„¢ includes Pulsewave Velocity Analysis based on physiological phenomenon, observable and measurable in ... blood pressure analysis and Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV) analysis for a quantitative assessment of the Autonomic Nervous System ( ...
What we know is that the physiological mechanisms causing this phenomenon are the result of our veins constricting ( ... It turns out, ice cream headaches are a result of a rapid change in the size of blood vessels as a response to an extreme shift ... One might notice this occurs even in warm water, when we otherwise would assume blood vessels should dilate instead of ...
... has recently been discovered in blood vessel walls by our group using nanoscale piezoresponse force microscopy. The origin of ... and discuss its possible physiological significance and pathological implications. In particular, an early diagnostic technique ... the phenomena has been attributed to elastin, and glucose has been found to suppress ferroelectric switching substantially. In ... a phenomenon where a spontaneous polarization in a solid can be switched by an external electric field, ...
In Cradle Polataiko investigates the phenomenon of biological mutation, contemplates the similar dynamics of physiological ... Upon his return to Canada, the artist had his blood drawn regularly over a 14-month period, storing it temporarily in his ...
Man-made blood vessels. Kidney flow and exchange. Modeling of perfused tissues and cells. Transport phenomena across membranes ... Review of ergonomic issues encountered in engineering design, including biomechanical, physical and physiological issues. ... Properties of blood. Blood flow models for vessels, circulation systems and the heart. ... Principles of mass transfer and fluid dynamics in topics such as hemodialysis, artificial kidney, diffusion in blood, mass ...
The morphology and deformability of all blood cells can be measured continuously and with high throughput directly in whole ... Apart from now enabling realistic blood cell research ex vivo close to physiological conditions, delivering for example ... previously unavailable information about leukocyte activation kinetics, and after further in-depth studies of the phenomena ... PBS blood controls were conducted before and after S. aureus blood stimulation. The experiment was repeated with blood of 4 ...
Circulatory and Respiratory Physiological Phenomena [G09]. *Blood Physiological Phenomena [G09.188]. *Blood Cell Count [G09.188 ... The number of RED BLOOD CELLS per unit volume in a sample of venous BLOOD. ... Asadi-Pooya AA, Ghetmiri E. Red blood cell indices in children with idiopathic epilepsy: A case-control study. Clin Neurol ... An evaluation of the performance of Sysmex XE-2100 in enumerating nucleated red cells in peripheral blood. Arch Pathol Lab Med ...
In addition, due to the difference of the physiological structures of the airways of patients, in order to prevent the ... phenomenon of loose sealing, the large air pressure is often filled during the tube placement, the blood supply of capillary ... cuff has the condition of loose sealing caused by slow air leakage or mismatch of the size of the cuff and the physiological ...
Ultraviolet blood irradiation "energizes" the biochemical and physiological defenses of the body by the introduction of ozone ... The efficacy of this phenomenon is attested to by the remarkable and consistent recovery of patients with a wide variety of ... The blood infection was caused by the unsterile UV light procedures with Seans blood performed by the defendant Brain E.P.B. ... 10, OConnell administered ultraviolet blood irradiation, in which he removed blood from Flanagans system, passed it under ...
Biomarkers can be biochemical or genetic, or they can involve imaging techniques or physiological measures like blood pressure ... Chronic pain is thought to be a phenomenon of the central nervous system. However, chronic pain can also be alleviated ... As an indirect measure of neuronal activity, this method is subject to physiological noise, that is to say, changes in brain ... The method Wiech is using is Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD) MRI imaging, which relies on differences in cerebral ...
To explain this we must refer to the phenomena of "Natural Tissue Antibody." Antibodies to his own tissues appear in the blood ... It is normally collected by phagocytes, wrapped up as blood platelets, and carried to the liver for disposal. A high blood ... The physiological action of the PMG alone is enough to explain this effect. There is a sound clinical basis for assuming that ... It is known that the amino acid content of the blood is increased by thyroxine11 and that adenine and lysine are not utilized ...
  • The course includes the following organs and organ systems: the heart, the circulatory system and the blood, the kidneys and the urinary tract, the respiratory system, the digestive tract and accessory organs, endocrine organs and the reproductive organs. (lu.se)
  • Biomechanics and Biomaterials involves the kinematics and kinetics relevant to human anatomy, such as human motion, including linear, angular, and nonlinear analyses, and fluid mechanics relating to human physiology (e.g. blood flow, air flow), including flow, resistance, and turbulence. (carleton.ca)
  • For more animations about physiological processes and common conditions, check out our Physiology & Pathology and Physiology Animations apps. (visiblebody.com)
  • In order to explain physiological functions, the required anatomy and histology is studied in parallel with physiology. (lu.se)
  • Physiological processes and properties of the BLOOD. (bvsalud.org)
  • Certain themes contain microscopy exercises, laboratory sessions or model exercises to illustrate e.g. morphology or increase the understanding of integrative physiological processes. (lu.se)
  • During the course, the students will also carry out a literature project that aims to deepen understanding of physiological processes and to develop expertise from previous courses with respect to reading, understanding, summarising, presenting and discussing research articles and issues. (lu.se)
  • When it comes to conserving heat, our bodies shiver to create metabolic energy and thus warmth, and utilize vasoconstriction, the shrinking of blood vessels, to shunt blood toward our core, which protects our major organs and keeps blood flowing from our heart and lungs and to our brain. (irunfar.com)
  • When it comes to dissipating heat, our blood vessels can do the opposite and vasodilate, or expand, sending more blood to the surface of our skin so that it can leave the body. (irunfar.com)
  • Packed with potent ingredients, this supplement is engineered to stimulate nitric oxide production - a natural vasodilator that expands blood vessels. (outlookindia.com)
  • It turns out, ice cream headaches are a result of a rapid change in the size of blood vessels as a response to an extreme shift in temperature in the roof of the mouth, particularly the back of the roof of the mouth. (todayifoundout.com)
  • Blood flow models for vessels, circulation systems and the heart. (carleton.ca)
  • Man-made blood vessels. (carleton.ca)
  • High blood pressure, also called hypertension, means there is too much pressure in your blood vessels. (oap-journals.info)
  • In a classic heart attack, a clot forms (typically from plaque) within a person's blood vessels. (popsci.com)
  • According to a report out last year in The New York Times , because Takotsubo syndrome primarily affects women-and is usually only fatal in older women-doctors think that estrogen might play a role in protecting the heart's blood vessels. (popsci.com)
  • Endothelium forms the inner cellular lining of blood vessels and plays an important role in many physiological functions including the control of vasomotor tone. (hindawi.com)
  • The endothelium forms the inner cellular lining of blood vessels. (hindawi.com)
  • In the past few decades the immense development of neuroradiological methods enabled better imaging of cerebral blood vessels. (hindawi.com)
  • Affecting blood vessels, bones , and soft tissues, this condition results in three characteristic features: a red birthmark known as a port-wine stain, abnormal bone and soft tissue overgrowth, and venous malformations. (listverse.com)
  • One thing that occurred to me was that if some people literally see red when they're angry, there may be some basic physiological reason for that. (blogspot.com)
  • Furthermore, the students are introduced to physiological phenomena through basic physiological examination methods. (lu.se)
  • The model predicts that the O(2) response is affected even by moderate changes in blood flow, whereas the CO(2) response is not altered until blood flow is severely limited. (nih.gov)
  • Reducing blood flow increases neural stimulus but decreases sensitivity to changes in the partial pressures of arterial O(2) and CO(2). (nih.gov)
  • An example is given in which relatively small changes in blood flow significantly modify the carotid body sensitivity to CO(2). (nih.gov)
  • 3. Mild hypoxaemia, ventilation-blood-flow inequality and impairment of gas transfer also occurred after urea administration. (portlandpress.com)
  • Vascularity is more than just a cosmetic feature - it indicates optimized blood flow and peak athletic performance. (outlookindia.com)
  • Vascularity supplements, also known as vein supplements, are like your secret weapon for boosting blood flow, promoting nitric oxide production, and improving cardiovascular health. (outlookindia.com)
  • It aims to optimize blood flow, ensuring muscles receive the necessary nutrients for optimal performance. (outlookindia.com)
  • By prioritizing blood flow, Blackwolf Pre-Workout enhances nutrient delivery, possibly boosting muscle pumps and gains. (outlookindia.com)
  • CrazyBulk's NO2 is a cutting-edge nitric oxide booster meticulously designed to magnify blood flow, enhance oxygen delivery, and optimize nutrient transportation to your hard-working muscles during your training endeavors. (outlookindia.com)
  • This method forces the blood cells in a small drop of blood to flow extremely rapidly through a narrow microfluidic channel while they are imaged by a fast camera. (elifesciences.org)
  • However, in clinical use, the cuff has the condition of loose sealing caused by slow air leakage or mismatch of the size of the cuff and the physiological structure of the airway of a human body, and seriously, the mechanical ventilation is disabled, sputum and the like flow into the trachea and the bronchus to cause complications such as lung infection and the like. (google.com)
  • This restricts blood flow, with its life-sustaining oxygen, to the heart. (popsci.com)
  • Percentage change in leg blood flow and vascular conductance when. (researchgate.net)
  • In contrast, a similar leg blood flow in chronically sedentary elderly was associated with a lower aerobic metabolism, increased lactate release and impaired functional sympatholysis. (researchgate.net)
  • Purpose ATP could play an important role in skeletal muscle blood flow regulation by inducing vasodilation via purinergic P2 receptors. (researchgate.net)
  • Methods We measured regional blood flow with radiolabeled-microsphere technique and systemic hemodynamics before and aft. (researchgate.net)
  • According to a 2016 review paper in the journal BBA Clinical, " most authors suggest that the beneficial effects of tPBM on the brain can be explained by increases in cerebral blood flow, greater oxygen availability and oxygen consumption, improved ATP production and mitochondrial activity . (visiblebody.com)
  • So it looks like tPBM primarily affects blood flow, oxygen availability, and metabolism (which are pretty much all connected, given that oxygen allows our body's cells to produce energy). (visiblebody.com)
  • In addition to showing improvement on 14 of 15 measures of cognitive function (including memory, concentration, and processing speed), all the patients showed " significant regional cerebral blood flow increases " as measured by a SPECT scan . (visiblebody.com)
  • As little as 10 grams/day of non-alkalized dark chocolate (75% or higher cocoa content) improves endothelial function and flow-mediated dilation, both of which help to decrease blood pressure. (healthyfellow.com)
  • About 8 ounces a day of red beetroot juice increases bodily production of nitric oxide, a substance which enhances blood flow, exercise capacity and lowers blood pressure. (healthyfellow.com)
  • Transcranial Doppler sonography is used for evaluation of cerebral blood flow changes. (hindawi.com)
  • Ultrasound remains the ultimate method for real time functional cerebral blood flow imaging. (hindawi.com)
  • It is unique in being able to detect blood flow velocity and direction of flow. (hindawi.com)
  • TCD enables continuous monitoring of mean blood flow velocity through the cerebral arteries and therefore the evaluation of cerebral blood flow [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Cerebral autoregulation maintains constant blood flow (CBF) through the brain in spite of changing mean arterial pressure [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Autoregulation of cerebral blood flow consists of mechano- and chemoregulation. (hindawi.com)
  • Doppler signals were obtained simultaneously from both vessel walls and from blood flow. (houstonmethodist.org)
  • This physiological phenomenon is more intense when we ventilate after one apnea because our body in prevision of a next apneic situation try to reload as much O2 as possible on each inhalation by increasing the quantity of blood flow in the lungs. (deeperblue.com)
  • The exercise bike is low-intensity equipment that increases heart rate and blood flow. (bsu.edu)
  • Nerve cells and sensory organs are very sensitive to changes in blood flow. (bvsalud.org)
  • Review of ergonomic issues encountered in engineering design, including biomechanical, physical and physiological issues. (carleton.ca)
  • Ultraviolet blood irradiation "energizes" the biochemical and physiological defenses of the body by the introduction of ozone from the oxygen circulating the in the bloodstream. (blogspot.com)
  • In conclusion CVR-L-Arg is a promising noninvasive research method that could provide means for evaluation of cerebral endothelial function in physiological and pathological conditions. (hindawi.com)
  • They were dominated by atherosclerosis and cardio embolism in ischemic stroke, and by high blood pressure in hemorrhagic stroke. (bvsalud.org)
  • For patient education information, see the Pregnancy Center , as well as Kidney Stones , Blood in the Urine , and Urinary Tract Infections . (medscape.com)
  • Pregnancy-related events that tend to enhance stone formation include decreased ureteral peristalsis, physiological hydronephrosis, infection, and increased urinary calcium excretion. (medscape.com)
  • Augmented excretion of urolithiasis inhibitors, such as citrate, magnesium, and glycosaminoglycans, neutralize these phenomena in pregnant patients, who are no more likely to form urinary calculi than nonpregnant patients. (medscape.com)
  • Urinary fibrinolysis, usually a normal physiological phenomenon, may frequently be associated with life-threatening complications following severe trauma, anoxia, and shock. (globalrph.com)
  • In this discussion, we will review the basics of biological ferroelectricity, elucidate its molecular mechanism, and discuss its possible physiological significance and pathological implications. (purdue.edu)
  • In Cradle Polataiko investigates the phenomenon of biological mutation, contemplates the similar dynamics of physiological transformations and socio-political changes, and suggests that the nuclear disaster at Chernobyl precipitated the decline of the Soviet Union. (thepowerplant.org)
  • We now show that deletion of the gly96/IEX-1 gene in mice is associated with development of elevated blood pressure, cardiac hypertrophy, and diminished fractional shortening of the left ventricle. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Tumor blood vasculature tends to be heterogeneously distributed, densely branched, tortuous, malformed, and hyperpermeable relative to that found within physiological tissues. (cornell.edu)
  • The efficacy of this phenomenon is attested to by the remarkable and consistent recovery of patients with a wide variety of diseases. (blogspot.com)
  • 2/ 4 · give an account of the different components of the blood, their functions, production and renewal, and how hematopoiesis is regulated hormonally · explain the structure, function and control of different interacting body functions involved in the maintenance of the homeostasis of the body (circulation, respiration, digestion, metabolism and excretion). (lu.se)
  • PBPK models are used for the current article to predict AEGLs for trichloroethylene (TCE), based on the time course of TCE in the blood and/or brain of rats and humans. (cdc.gov)
  • Poor diet increases blood cholesterol and body weight which lead to hypertension, diabetes and coronary heart disease. (who.int)
  • Endothelial cells are highly metabolically active and play an important role in many physiological functions, including the control of vasomotor tone, blood cell trafficking, haemostatic balance, permeability, proliferation, and immunity. (hindawi.com)
  • Cases tend to be underreported by physicians because most have not been informed of how to distinguish the symptoms of Raynaud's phenomenon from other medical conditions where blanching or sensory loss occurs. (cdc.gov)
  • 3 "Secondary" Raynaud's phenomenon has the same signs and symptoms and progresses through the same stages of severity but may be correlated with a specific cause (i.e., other medical conditions, vinyl chloride, or vibrating handtools). (cdc.gov)
  • Some medical conditions, particularly fractures, lacerations, costoclavicular syndrome, connective tissue diseases, vascular disorders such as Buerger's disease, generalized atherosclerosis, or a long history of high blood pressure, may result in the same signs and symptoms as primary Raynaud's phenomenon. (cdc.gov)
  • Vascularity is a physiological phenomenon where veins become more visible due to factors like reduced body fat and increased blood circulation, often resulting in a more defined and vascular appearance. (outlookindia.com)
  • This dilation facilitates improved blood circulation, potentially leading to intensified muscle pumps and enhanced endurance. (outlookindia.com)
  • Critical Care Assessment â„¢ includes Pulsewave Velocity Analysis based on physiological phenomenon, observable and measurable in the arterial elasticity and stiffness during blood circulation. (physiciansofficeresource.com)
  • 863 : 819-20 The spots appear when the blood is congested with a bandage on the upper arm, e.g. with a blood pressure cuff. (wikipedia.org)
  • The number of RED BLOOD CELLS per unit volume in a sample of venous BLOOD. (jefferson.edu)
  • The number of WHITE BLOOD CELLS per unit volume in venous BLOOD. (wakehealth.edu)
  • The venous malformations can result in large blood clots. (listverse.com)
  • The model is based on the law of mass balance and on the description of the chemical reactions in the arterial blood and inside the receptor cells. (nih.gov)
  • Thus, the exercise bike is often used in research to compare or influence physiological and psychological responses. (bsu.edu)
  • In light of a recently completed, comprehensive study, conducted by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), the Institute concludes that vibrating hand tools can cause vibration syndrome, a condition also known as vibration white finger and as Raynaud's phenomenon of occupational origin. (cdc.gov)
  • This CIB is limited to a discussion of Secondary Raynaud's phenomenon resulting from the use of vibrating hand tools, referred to as vibration syndrome. (cdc.gov)
  • An interesting phenomenon that seems to occur in some of these people is known as "medical student syndrome. (listverse.com)
  • This is typically defined as "prehypertension" and is marked by blood pressure ranging from 120-139 systolic and 80-89 diastolic. (healthyfellow.com)
  • A study appearing in the October 2014 issue of Lipids in Health and Disease found that adherence to a two week Paleo diet resulted in a 9.1 mmHg drop in systolic and a 5.2 mmHg in diastolic blood pressure. (healthyfellow.com)
  • Systolic blood pressure in conscious male gly96/IEX-1 -/- mice is 20-25 mmHg higher than in gly96/IEX-1 +/+ mice. (elsevierpure.com)
  • And an important meta-analysis presented data demonstrating statistically that in a group of workers with high exposure to noise, increased: blood pressure systolic and diastolic, the prevalence of hypertension, and electrocardiographic changes in relation to groups and intermediate exposure low noise exposure. (bvsalud.org)
  • We identified two novel cytoplasmin siforms of CD59, which are required for insulin secretion and we are now studying the mechanism underlying this phenomenon as well as physiological importance using mouse models. (lu.se)
  • The response could not be related to any of the clinical or other physiological variables examined. (portlandpress.com)
  • WCE is defined as the transient rise in blood pressure (BP) from before to during the clinic visit, whereas WCH (also referred to as "office hypertension" or "isolated clinical hypertension") is generally defined as persistently elevated office BP in the presence of a normal BP outside the office, regardless of the extent of the WCE [1]. (who.int)
  • A first routine measure to narrow down diagnosis in clinical practice is the differential blood count, determining the frequency of all major blood cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • 30 grams daily of ground flax seeds not only reduces blood pressure and various cardiovascular dangers, but also assists with weight loss. (healthyfellow.com)
  • A total of 2462 patients underwent ambulatory blood pressure monitoring either in borderline hypertension (group 1) or for assessment of antihypertensive treatment (group 2) or for hypotension (group 3). (who.int)
  • Monitor blood pressure and pulse. (nih.gov)
  • Critical Care Assessment â„¢ is a noninvasive, fully automated computer-based system that provides Heart Rate Variability (HRV), blood pressure analysis and Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV) analysis for a quantitative assessment of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) and Autonomic Balance (sympathetic and parasympathetic). (physiciansofficeresource.com)
  • The patient often complains of shortness of breath, has dangerously high blood pressure, and experiences chest pain. (popsci.com)
  • Unless you have very high or low blood pressure, you probably don't think a lot about the the blood pressure spectrum. (healthyfellow.com)
  • As an example, a significant number of people have higher-than-normal blood pressure, but not high enough to treat with medication. (healthyfellow.com)
  • If you consistently have blood pressure in this range, you may well be a candidate for using a variety of natural options to drop your readings into the "normal" category of 120/80 mmHg or less. (healthyfellow.com)
  • However, I want to point out that in some instances having higher than normal blood pressure may actually be advantageous. (healthyfellow.com)
  • For instance, some research has found that higher blood pressure may actually reduce the risk of balance issues, dementia and all-cause mortality in seniors. (healthyfellow.com)
  • A good starting point for naturally lowering blood pressure is to lose excess weight. (healthyfellow.com)
  • A just-published study in the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics reports that about 1 cup/day of blueberries or 22 grams of freeze-dried blueberry powder effectively lowers arterial stiffness and blood pressure in pre- and stage-1 hypertensives. (healthyfellow.com)
  • Alterations in dietary sodium intake do not alter blood pressure in gly96/IEX-1 -/- mice. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Treatment with N ω -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester or L-arginine does not alter blood pressure in gly96/IEX-1 -/- mice. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Gly96/IEX-1 -/- mice respond to infused sodium nitroprusside with decrements in blood pressure similar to those seen in wild-type littermate mice. (elsevierpure.com)
  • WCE is defined as the transient valid by the machine software [ 10 ] and/or rise in blood pressure (BP) from before to showed no valid readings for 2 hours were during the clinic visit, whereas WCH (also excluded from the analysis. (who.int)
  • BP measurement performed by the doctor in increased risk of mortality and cardiovascu- the blood pressure unit. (who.int)
  • Physical inactivity (72,22%), high blood pressure (59,09%) and diabetes (25%) were the main risk factors. (bvsalud.org)
  • Under most conditions however, both social and experimental, considerably less of the THC actually enters the physiological system[n] The lack of standard administration techniques generally renders detailed or quantitative comparisons quite tenuous, both among experiments and between laboratory and social situations. (druglibrary.net)
  • Simultaneously, blood stasis, endothelial damage, and hypercoagulability were also considered risk factors for acute coronary thrombotic events [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Another reason is exposure to behavioural and physiological risk factors (Figure 1) which are responsible for 75% of CVDs.1 These risk factors have been prioritized according to their impact on mortality and morbidity, possibility of modification through primary prevention, and quantification by available easy standardized methods. (who.int)
  • For easy understanding, we try to record the physiological phenomena and explain by figures. (qigonginstitute.org)
  • A computer algorithm can then analyze the size and stiffness of the blood cells in real-time. (elifesciences.org)
  • Ferroelectricity, a phenomenon where a spontaneous polarization in a solid can be switched by an external electric field, has recently been discovered in blood vessel walls by our group using nanoscale piezoresponse force microscopy. (purdue.edu)
  • The origin of the phenomena has been attributed to elastin, and glucose has been found to suppress ferroelectric switching substantially. (purdue.edu)
  • The carotid bodies contain chemoreceptor cells that respond to hypoxia and hypercapnia/acidosis of the arterial blood. (nih.gov)
  • To address this need, we introduce the continuous, cell-by-cell morpho-rheological (MORE) analysis of diluted whole blood, without labeling, enrichment or separation, at rates of 1000 cells/sec. (elifesciences.org)
  • In a drop of blood we can identify all major blood cells and characterize their pathological changes in several disease conditions in vitro and in patient samples. (elifesciences.org)
  • This approach takes previous results of mechanical studies on specifically isolated blood cells to the level of application directly in blood and adds a functional dimension to conventional blood analysis. (elifesciences.org)
  • One of the first steps is to obtain a blood sample and to count how many of the different blood cells are present in it. (elifesciences.org)
  • A large number of certain white blood cells, for example, can show that the body is fighting an infection. (elifesciences.org)
  • But there might be several reasons why the number of white blood cells has increased, so this information alone is often not enough for a specific diagnosis. (elifesciences.org)
  • Can we get more decisive information from the initial blood test by measuring other properties of the blood cells? (elifesciences.org)
  • show that this approach can detect characteristic changes that affect blood cells as a result of malaria, spherocytosis, bacterial and viral infections, and leukemia. (elifesciences.org)
  • Lai M, De Stefano V, Landolfi R. Haemoglobin levels in autoimmune haemolytic anaemias at diagnosis: relationship with immunoproteins on red blood cells. (jefferson.edu)
  • Gulati G, Behling E, Kocher W, Schwarting R. An evaluation of the performance of Sysmex XE-2100 in enumerating nucleated red cells in peripheral blood. (jefferson.edu)
  • All that's being accomplished by UV-irradiating blood is to induce DNA crosslinking in the lymphocytes and monocytes in the blood, as well as potentially degrading some of the proteins in the cells and plasma. (blogspot.com)
  • Correspondingly, the volume of distribution after intravenous administration has been reported to be 30.0 ± 8.2 L. After prolonged administration, aminocaproic acid has been found to distribute throughout extravascular and intravascular compartments of the body, penetrating human red blood cells as well as other tissue cells. (globalrph.com)
  • Au total, 2 462 sujets ont fait l'objet d'une mesure ambulatoire de la pression artérielle, en raison d'une hypertension légère (groupe 1), aux fins de l'évaluation d'un traitement antihypertenseur (groupe 2), ou en raison d'une hypotension (groupe 3). (who.int)
  • [ 10 ] Early theories suggest that hydronephrosis of pregnancy may be a hormonally induced phenomenon whereby ureteral smooth muscles relax in response to high levels of circulating progesterone. (medscape.com)
  • By enhancing blood vessel dilation, they ensure that your muscles get the nutrients they need during workouts. (outlookindia.com)
  • Endothelial cell phenotypes are differentially regulated in space and time, giving rise to the phenomenon of endothelial cell heterogeneity. (hindawi.com)
  • I would like to focus this interview more on the physical phenomena you observed. (whitecrowbooks.com)
  • What is lacking to advance initial blood diagnostics is an unbiased and quick functional assessment of blood that can narrow down the diagnosis and generate specific hypotheses. (elifesciences.org)
  • Unfortunately with the advent of the Salk vaccine, which wiped out polio in the US along with the proliferation of antibiotics in this country, the use of the Ultraviolet Blood Irradiation, technique fell into disfavor. (blogspot.com)
  • Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analyses and blood beryllium lymphocyte proliferation tests revealed lymphocytic alveolitis and cellular immune recognition of beryllium. (cdc.gov)
  • Contracting skeletal muscle can overcome sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity (functional sympatholysis), which allows for a blood supply that matches the metabolic demand. (researchgate.net)
  • Normally it doesn't have access to your blood, because your skin stops it. (blogspot.com)
  • Nevertheless, these unconscious phenomena show intelligence and system, and are sometimes most aptly coordinated. (whitecrowbooks.com)