Blood gas monitoring transcutaneous. Medical search

The noninvasive measurement or determination of the partial pressure (tension) of oxygen and/or carbon dioxide locally in the capillaries of a tissue by the application to the skin of a special set of electrodes. These electrodes contain photoelectric sensors capable of picking up the specific wavelengths of radiation emitted by oxygenated versus reduced hemoglobin.

The use of specifically placed small electrodes to deliver electrical impulses across the SKIN to relieve PAIN. It is used less frequently to produce ANESTHESIA.

Measurement of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.

The vapor state of matter; nonelastic fluids in which the molecules are in free movement and their mean positions far apart. Gases tend to expand indefinitely, to diffuse and mix readily with other gases, to have definite relations of volume, temperature, and pressure, and to condense or liquefy at low temperatures or under sufficient pressure. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.

The application of suitable drug dosage forms to the skin for either local or systemic effects.

The pressure that would be exerted by one component of a mixture of gases if it were present alone in a container. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.

Accumulation of BILIRUBIN, a breakdown product of HEME PROTEINS, in the BLOOD during the first weeks of life. This may lead to NEONATAL JAUNDICE. The excess bilirubin may exist in the unconjugated (indirect) or the conjugated (direct) form. The condition may be self-limiting (PHYSIOLOGICAL NEONATAL JAUNDICE) or pathological with toxic levels of bilirubin.

Application of electric current in treatment without the generation of perceptible heat. It includes electric stimulation of nerves or muscles, passage of current into the body, or use of interrupted current of low intensity to raise the threshold of the skin to pain.

Yellow discoloration of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA in the NEWBORN. It is a sign of NEONATAL HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA. Most cases are transient self-limiting (PHYSIOLOGICAL NEONATAL JAUNDICE) occurring in the first week of life, but some can be a sign of pathological disorders, particularly LIVER DISEASES.

The exchange of OXYGEN and CARBON DIOXIDE between alveolar air and pulmonary capillary blood that occurs across the BLOOD-AIR BARRIER.

A bile pigment that is a degradation product of HEME.

The part of the face above the eyes.

Electric conductors through which electric currents enter or leave a medium, whether it be an electrolytic solution, solid, molten mass, gas, or vacuum.

The outer covering of the body that protects it from the environment. It is composed of the DERMIS and the EPIDERMIS.

The determination of oxygen-hemoglobin saturation of blood either by withdrawing a sample and passing it through a classical photoelectric oximeter or by electrodes attached to some translucent part of the body like finger, earlobe, or skin fold. It includes non-invasive oxygen monitoring by pulse oximetry.

The identification of selected parameters in newborn infants by various tests, examinations, or other procedures. Screening may be performed by clinical or laboratory measures. A screening test is designed to sort out healthy neonates (INFANT, NEWBORN) from those not well, but the screening test is not intended as a diagnostic device, rather instead as epidemiologic.

Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)

The continuous measurement of physiological processes, blood pressure, heart rate, renal output, reflexes, respiration, etc., in a patient or experimental animal; includes pharmacologic monitoring, the measurement of administered drugs or their metabolites in the blood, tissues, or urine.

The outer part of the hearing system of the body. It includes the shell-like EAR AURICLE which collects sound, and the EXTERNAL EAR CANAL, the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE, and the EXTERNAL EAR CARTILAGES.

Uptake of substances through the SKIN.

Designated locations along nerves or organ meridians for inserting acupuncture needles.

A reduction in the amount of air entering the pulmonary alveoli.

A clinical manifestation of abnormal increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.

Mutant strains of rats that produce little or no hair. Several different homozygous recessive mutations can cause hairlessness in rats including rnu/rnu (Rowett nude), fz/fz (fuzzy), shn/shn (shorn), and nznu/nznu (New Zealand nude). Note that while NUDE RATS are often hairless, they are most characteristically athymic.

A form of therapy that employs a coordinated and interdisciplinary approach for easing the suffering and improving the quality of life of those experiencing pain.

Continuous recording of the carbon dioxide content of expired air.

The act of breathing with the LUNGS, consisting of INHALATION, or the taking into the lungs of the ambient air, and of EXHALATION, or the expelling of the modified air which contains more CARBON DIOXIDE than the air taken in (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed.). This does not include tissue respiration (= OXYGEN CONSUMPTION) or cell respiration (= CELL RESPIRATION).

Fractionation of a vaporized sample as a consequence of partition between a mobile gaseous phase and a stationary phase held in a column. Two types are gas-solid chromatography, where the fixed phase is a solid, and gas-liquid, in which the stationary phase is a nonvolatile liquid supported on an inert solid matrix.

A condition characterized by an abnormal increase of BILIRUBIN in the blood, which may result in JAUNDICE. Bilirubin, a breakdown product of HEME, is normally excreted in the BILE or further catabolized before excretion in the urine.

Treatment of disease by exposure to light, especially by variously concentrated light rays or specific wavelengths.

A medicated adhesive patch placed on the skin to deliver a specific dose of medication into the bloodstream.

Elements that constitute group 18 (formerly the zero group) of the periodic table. They are gases that generally do not react chemically.

A microanalytical technique combining mass spectrometry and gas chromatography for the qualitative as well as quantitative determinations of compounds.

An infant during the first month after birth.

Any method of artificial breathing that employs mechanical or non-mechanical means to force the air into and out of the lungs. Artificial respiration or ventilation is used in individuals who have stopped breathing or have RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY to increase their intake of oxygen (O2) and excretion of carbon dioxide (CO2).

Inhalation of oxygen aimed at restoring toward normal any pathophysiologic alterations of gas exchange in the cardiopulmonary system, as by the use of a respirator, nasal catheter, tent, chamber, or mask. (From Dorland, 27th ed & Stedman, 25th ed)

The balance between acids and bases in the BODY FLUIDS. The pH (HYDROGEN-ION CONCENTRATION) of the arterial BLOOD provides an index for the total body acid-base balance.

Relatively complete absence of oxygen in one or more tissues.

Methods used to remove unwanted facial and body hair.

The inferior part of the lower extremity between the KNEE and the ANKLE.

Application of positive pressure to the inspiratory phase when the patient has an artificial airway in place and is connected to a ventilator.

A pulmonary ventilation rate faster than is metabolically necessary for the exchange of gases. It is the result of an increased frequency of breathing, an increased tidal volume, or a combination of both. It causes an excess intake of oxygen and the blowing off of carbon dioxide.

A method of mechanical ventilation in which pressure is maintained to increase the volume of gas remaining in the lungs at the end of expiration, thus reducing the shunting of blood through the lungs and improving gas exchange.

Measurement of the various processes involved in the act of respiration: inspiration, expiration, oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange, lung volume and compliance, etc.

Scales, questionnaires, tests, and other methods used to assess pain severity and duration in patients or experimental animals to aid in diagnosis, therapy, and physiological studies.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

A general term encompassing lower MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; and certain MUSCULAR DISEASES. Manifestations include MUSCLE WEAKNESS; FASCICULATION; muscle ATROPHY; SPASM; MYOKYMIA; MUSCLE HYPERTONIA, myalgias, and MUSCLE HYPOTONIA.

An accumulation of purulent material in the area between the PALATINE TONSIL and its capsule.

Plastic surgery of the eyelid. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

The physical or mechanical action of the LUNGS; DIAPHRAGM; RIBS; and CHEST WALL during respiration. It includes airflow, lung volume, neural and reflex controls, mechanoreceptors, breathing patterns, etc.

The vessels carrying blood away from the heart.

Any disorder marked by obstruction of conducting airways of the lung. AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION may be acute, chronic, intermittent, or persistent.

A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.

Changes in the observed frequency of waves (as sound, light, or radio waves) due to the relative motion of source and observer. The effect was named for the 19th century Austrian physicist Johann Christian Doppler.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

The removal of a limb or other appendage or outgrowth of the body. (Dorland, 28th ed)

The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

The use of focused, high-frequency sound waves to produce local hyperthermia in certain diseased or injured parts of the body or to destroy the diseased tissue.

Treatment of disease by inserting needles along specific pathways or meridians. The placement varies with the disease being treated. It is sometimes used in conjunction with heat, moxibustion, acupressure, or electric stimulation.

The visualization of deep structures of the body by recording the reflections or echoes of ultrasonic pulses directed into the tissues. Use of ultrasound for imaging or diagnostic purposes employs frequencies ranging from 1.6 to 10 megahertz.

A human infant born before 37 weeks of GESTATION.

An examination of chemicals in the blood.

The functions of the skin in the human and animal body. It includes the pigmentation of the skin.

The movement and the forces involved in the movement of the blood through the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Disturbances in the ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIUM of the body.

Act of listening for sounds within the body.

Use of ultrasound to increase the percutaneous adsorption of drugs.

Common foot problems in persons with DIABETES MELLITUS, caused by any combination of factors such as DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES; PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASES; and INFECTION. With the loss of sensation and poor circulation, injuries and infections often lead to severe foot ulceration, GANGRENE and AMPUTATION.

These include the muscles of the DIAPHRAGM and the INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES.

The part of a limb or tail following amputation that is proximal to the amputated section.

An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.

Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.

The design or construction of objects greatly reduced in scale.

That part of the RESPIRATORY TRACT or the air within the respiratory tract that does not exchange OXYGEN and CARBON DIOXIDE with pulmonary capillary blood.

Methods of creating machines and devices.

A compound formed by the combination of hemoglobin and oxygen. It is a complex in which the oxygen is bound directly to the iron without causing a change from the ferrous to the ferric state.

The flow of BLOOD through or around an organ or region of the body.

Any one of five terminal digits of the vertebrate FOOT.

The rate at which oxygen is used by a tissue; microliters of oxygen STPD used per milligram of tissue per hour; the rate at which oxygen enters the blood from alveolar gas, equal in the steady state to the consumption of oxygen by tissue metabolism throughout the body. (Stedman, 25th ed, p346)

The volume of air that is exhaled by a maximal expiration following a maximal inspiration.

PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.

A species of MORGANELLA formerly classified as a Proteus species. It is found in the feces of humans, dogs, other mammals, and reptiles. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)

A long, narrow, and flat bone commonly known as BREASTBONE occurring in the midsection of the anterior thoracic segment or chest region, which stabilizes the rib cage and serves as the point of origin for several muscles that move the arms, head, and neck.

Material, usually gauze or absorbent cotton, used to cover and protect wounds, to seal them from contact with air or bacteria. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

Deliberate stimulation of the host's immune response. ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of ANTIGENS or IMMUNOLOGIC ADJUVANTS. PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of IMMUNE SERA or LYMPHOCYTES or their extracts (e.g., transfer factor, immune RNA) or transplantation of immunocompetent cell producing tissue (thymus or bone marrow).

A type of stress exerted uniformly in all directions. Its measure is the force exerted per unit area. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Sharp instruments used for puncturing or suturing.

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

Methods of PAIN relief that may be used with or in place of ANALGESICS.

Pain during the period after surgery.

The number of times the HEART VENTRICLES contract per unit of time, usually per minute.

Surgical incision into the chest wall.

A respiratory stimulant that enhances respiration by acting as an agonist of peripheral chemoreceptors located on the carotid bodies. The drug increases arterial oxygen tension while decreasing arterial carbon dioxide tension in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It may also prove useful in the treatment of nocturnal oxygen desaturation without impairing the quality of sleep.

Devices that control the supply of electric current for running electrical equipment.

The ratio of alveolar ventilation to simultaneous alveolar capillary blood flow in any part of the lung. (Stedman, 25th ed)

The distal extremity of the leg in vertebrates, consisting of the tarsus (ANKLE); METATARSUS; phalanges; and the soft tissues surrounding these bones.

The volume of BLOOD passing through the HEART per unit of time. It is usually expressed as liters (volume) per minute so as not to be confused with STROKE VOLUME (volume per beat).

Respiratory retention of carbon dioxide. It may be chronic or acute.

Either of two fleshy protuberances at the lower posterior section of the trunk or HIP in humans and primate on which a person or animal sits, consisting of gluteal MUSCLES and fat.

A form of acupuncture with electrical impulses passing through the needles to stimulate NERVE TISSUE. It can be used for ANALGESIA; ANESTHESIA; REHABILITATION; and treatment for diseases.

The formaldehyde-inactivated toxin of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. It is generally used in mixtures with TETANUS TOXOID and PERTUSSIS VACCINE; (DTP); or with tetanus toxoid alone (DT for pediatric use and Td, which contains 5- to 10-fold less diphtheria toxoid, for other use). Diphtheria toxoid is used for the prevention of diphtheria; DIPHTHERIA ANTITOXIN is for treatment.

The total volume of gas inspired or expired per unit of time, usually measured in liters per minute.

A combustible, gaseous mixture of low-molecular weight PARAFFIN hydrocarbons, generated below the surface of the earth. It contains mostly METHANE and ETHANE with small amounts of PROPANE; BUTANES; and higher hydrocarbons, and sometimes NITROGEN; CARBON DIOXIDE; HYDROGEN SULFIDE; and HELIUM. (from McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Amount of stimulation required before the sensation of pain is experienced.

A process involving chance used in therapeutic trials or other research endeavor for allocating experimental subjects, human or animal, between treatment and control groups, or among treatment groups. It may also apply to experiments on inanimate objects.

A value equal to the total volume flow divided by the cross-sectional area of the vascular bed.

The volume of air inspired or expired during each normal, quiet respiratory cycle. Common abbreviations are TV or V with subscript T.

A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.

Laws and regulations pertaining to devices used in medicine, proposed for enactment, or enacted by a legislative body.

Blocking of a blood vessel by air bubbles that enter the circulatory system, usually after TRAUMA; surgical procedures, or changes in atmospheric pressure.

Disorders characterized by multiple cessations of respirations during sleep that induce partial arousals and interfere with the maintenance of sleep. Sleep apnea syndromes are divided into central (see SLEEP APNEA, CENTRAL), obstructive (see SLEEP APNEA, OBSTRUCTIVE), and mixed central-obstructive types.

A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.

Drugs used for their effects on the respiratory system.

The musculofibrous partition that separates the THORACIC CAVITY from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY. Contraction of the diaphragm increases the volume of the thoracic cavity aiding INHALATION.

Studies determining the effectiveness or value of processes, personnel, and equipment, or the material on conducting such studies. For drugs and devices, CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; DRUG EVALUATION; and DRUG EVALUATION, PRECLINICAL are available.

Common occlusive arterial disease which is caused by ATHEROSCLEROSIS. It is characterized by lesions in the innermost layer (ARTERIAL INTIMA) of arteries including the AORTA and its branches to the extremities. Risk factors include smoking, HYPERLIPIDEMIA, and HYPERTENSION.

The lateral of the two terminal branches of the sciatic nerve. The peroneal (or fibular) nerve provides motor and sensory innervation to parts of the leg and foot.

Analysis of the intensity of Raman scattering of monochromatic light as a function of frequency of the scattered light.

A symptom complex characterized by pain and weakness in SKELETAL MUSCLE group associated with exercise, such as leg pain and weakness brought on by walking. Such muscle limpness disappears after a brief rest and is often relates to arterial STENOSIS; muscle ISCHEMIA; and accumulation of LACTATE.

Ulceration of the skin and underlying structures of the lower extremity. About 90% of the cases are due to venous insufficiency (VARICOSE ULCER), 5% to arterial disease, and the remaining 5% to other causes.

The occupational discipline of the traditional Chinese methods of ACUPUNCTURE THERAPY for treating disease by inserting needles along specific pathways or meridians.

Diseases of the respiratory system in general or unspecified or for a specific respiratory disease not available.

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

Controlled physical activity which is performed in order to allow assessment of physiological functions, particularly cardiovascular and pulmonary, but also aerobic capacity. Maximal (most intense) exercise is usually required but submaximal exercise is also used.

Studies comparing two or more treatments or interventions in which the subjects or patients, upon completion of the course of one treatment, are switched to another. In the case of two treatments, A and B, half the subjects are randomly allocated to receive these in the order A, B and half to receive them in the order B, A. A criticism of this design is that effects of the first treatment may carry over into the period when the second is given. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

A severe condition resulting from bacteria invading healthy muscle from adjacent traumatized muscle or soft tissue. The infection originates in a wound contaminated with bacteria of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM. C. perfringens accounts for the majority of cases (over eighty percent), while C. noyvi, C. septicum, and C. histolyticum cause most of the other cases.

A term used pathologically to describe BILIRUBIN staining of the BASAL GANGLIA; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM and clinically to describe a syndrome associated with HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA. Clinical features include athetosis, MUSCLE SPASTICITY or hypotonia, impaired vertical gaze, and DEAFNESS. Nonconjugated bilirubin enters the brain and acts as a neurotoxin, often in association with conditions that impair the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER (e.g., SEPSIS). This condition occurs primarily in neonates (INFANT, NEWBORN), but may rarely occur in adults. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p613)

A method of studying a drug or procedure in which both the subjects and investigators are kept unaware of who is actually getting which specific treatment.

The capability of the LUNGS to distend under pressure as measured by pulmonary volume change per unit pressure change. While not a complete description of the pressure-volume properties of the lung, it is nevertheless useful in practice as a measure of the comparative stiffness of the lung. (From Best & Taylor's Physiological Basis of Medical Practice, 12th ed, p562)

Substances that augment, stimulate, activate, potentiate, or modulate the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. The classical agents (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contain bacterial antigens. Some are endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Their mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy of many biological response modifiers is related to their antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity.

The region of the upper limb between the metacarpus and the FOREARM.

An ENTEROTOXIN from VIBRIO CHOLERAE. It consists of two major protomers, the heavy (H) or A subunit and the B protomer which consists of 5 light (L) or B subunits. The catalytic A subunit is proteolytically cleaved into fragments A1 and A2. The A1 fragment is a MONO(ADP-RIBOSE) TRANSFERASE. The B protomer binds cholera toxin to intestinal epithelial cells, and facilitates the uptake of the A1 fragment. The A1 catalyzed transfer of ADP-RIBOSE to the alpha subunits of heterotrimeric G PROTEINS activates the production of CYCLIC AMP. Increased levels of cyclic AMP are thought to modulate release of fluid and electrolytes from intestinal crypt cells.

Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses.

Surgically placed electric conductors through which ELECTRIC STIMULATION is delivered to or electrical activity is recorded from a specific point inside the body.

Compounds with activity like OPIATE ALKALOIDS, acting at OPIOID RECEPTORS. Properties include induction of ANALGESIA or NARCOSIS.

The taking of a blood sample to determine its character as a whole, to identify levels of its component cells, chemicals, gases, or other constituents, to perform pathological examination, etc.

Pathological processes involving any one of the BLOOD VESSELS in the vasculature outside the HEART.

In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.

The evaluation of incidents involving the loss of function of a device. These evaluations are used for a variety of purposes such as to determine the failure rates, the causes of failures, costs of failures, and the reliability and maintainability of devices.

Inflammation of the tissues around a joint. (Dorland, 27th ed)

A class of statistical methods applicable to a large set of probability distributions used to test for correlation, location, independence, etc. In most nonparametric statistical tests, the original scores or observations are replaced by another variable containing less information. An important class of nonparametric tests employs the ordinal properties of the data. Another class of tests uses information about whether an observation is above or below some fixed value such as the median, and a third class is based on the frequency of the occurrence of runs in the data. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1284; Corsini, Concise Encyclopedia of Psychology, 1987, p764-5)

The circulation of the BLOOD through the LUNGS.

Recirculating, dendritic, antigen-presenting cells containing characteristic racket-shaped granules (Birbeck granules). They are found principally in the stratum spinosum of the EPIDERMIS and are rich in Class II MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX molecules. Langerhans cells were the first dendritic cell to be described and have been a model of study for other dendritic cells (DCs), especially other migrating DCs such as dermal DCs and INTERSTITIAL DENDRITIC CELLS.

Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

The TEMPERATURE at the outer surface of the body.

Lesion on the surface of the skin of the foot, usually accompanied by inflammation. The lesion may become infected or necrotic and is frequently associated with diabetes or leprosy.

The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.

A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.

The systematic and methodical manipulations of body tissues best performed with the hands for the purpose of affecting the nervous and muscular systems and the general circulation.

A method in which either the observer(s) or the subject(s) is kept ignorant of the group to which the subjects are assigned.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

Areas of the earth where hydrocarbon deposits of PETROLEUM and/or NATURAL GAS are located.

Disease having a short and relatively severe course.

Measure of the maximum amount of air that can be expelled in a given number of seconds during a FORCED VITAL CAPACITY determination . It is usually given as FEV followed by a subscript indicating the number of seconds over which the measurement is made, although it is sometimes given as a percentage of forced vital capacity.

The region of the lower limb between the FOOT and the LEG.

Measurement of volume of air inhaled or exhaled by the lung.

CHILDBIRTH at the end of a normal duration of PREGNANCY, between 37 to 40 weeks of gestation or about 280 days from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period.

A form of muscle hypertonia associated with upper MOTOR NEURON DISEASE. Resistance to passive stretch of a spastic muscle results in minimal initial resistance (a "free interval") followed by an incremental increase in muscle tone. Tone increases in proportion to the velocity of stretch. Spasticity is usually accompanied by HYPERREFLEXIA and variable degrees of MUSCLE WEAKNESS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p54)

The region of the lower limb in animals, extending from the gluteal region to the FOOT, and including the BUTTOCKS; HIP; and LEG.

The minimum amount of stimulus energy necessary to elicit a sensory response.

Expenditure of energy during PHYSICAL ACTIVITY. Intensity of exertion may be measured by rate of OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; HEAT produced, or HEART RATE. Perceived exertion, a psychological measure of exertion, is included.

HYPOVENTILATION syndrome in very obese persons with excessive ADIPOSE TISSUE around the ABDOMEN and DIAPHRAGM. It is characterized by diminished to absent ventilatory chemoresponsiveness; chronic HYPOXIA; HYPERCAPNIA; POLYCYTHEMIA; and long periods of sleep during day and night (HYPERSOMNOLENCE). It is a condition often related to OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA but can occur separately.

Absent or reduced sensitivity to cutaneous stimulation.

Disorders of sensory information received from superficial and deep regions of the body. The somatosensory system conveys neural impulses which pertain to proprioception, tactile sensation, thermal sensation, pressure sensation, and pain. PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; SPINAL CORD DISEASES; and BRAIN DISEASES may be associated with impaired or abnormal somatic sensation.

The oxygen-carrying proteins of ERYTHROCYTES. They are found in all vertebrates and some invertebrates. The number of globin subunits in the hemoglobin quaternary structure differs between species. Structures range from monomeric to a variety of multimeric arrangements.

The age of the conceptus, beginning from the time of FERTILIZATION. In clinical obstetrics, the gestational age is often estimated as the time from the last day of the last MENSTRUATION which is about 2 weeks before OVULATION and fertilization.

Measurement of the amount of air that the lungs may contain at various points in the respiratory cycle.

The period following a surgical operation.

Thin strands of transparent material, usually glass, that are used for transmitting light waves over long distances.

A vertical distance measured from a known level on the surface of a planet or other celestial body.

A non-atherosclerotic, inflammatory thrombotic disease that commonly involves small and medium-sized arteries or veins in the extremities. It is characterized by occlusive THROMBOSIS and FIBROSIS in the vascular wall leading to digital and limb ISCHEMIA and ulcerations. Thromboangiitis obliterans is highly associated with tobacco smoking.

The circulation of blood through the BLOOD VESSELS of the BRAIN.

Determination, by measurement or comparison with a standard, of the correct value of each scale reading on a meter or other measuring instrument; or determination of the settings of a control device that correspond to particular values of voltage, current, frequency or other output.

Any of the ruminant mammals with curved horns in the genus Ovis, family Bovidae. They possess lachrymal grooves and interdigital glands, which are absent in GOATS.

Laboratory and other services provided to patients at the bedside. These include diagnostic and laboratory testing using automated information entry.

RESPIRATORY MUSCLE contraction during INHALATION. The work is accomplished in three phases: LUNG COMPLIANCE work, that required to expand the LUNGS against its elastic forces; tissue resistance work, that required to overcome the viscosity of the lung and chest wall structures; and AIRWAY RESISTANCE work, that required to overcome airway resistance during the movement of air into the lungs. Work of breathing does not refer to expiration, which is entirely a passive process caused by elastic recoil of the lung and chest cage. (Guyton, Textbook of Medical Physiology, 8th ed, p406)

The position or attitude of the body.

An optical source that emits photons in a coherent beam. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (LASER) is brought about using devices that transform light of varying frequencies into a single intense, nearly nondivergent beam of monochromatic radiation. Lasers operate in the infrared, visible, ultraviolet, or X-ray regions of the spectrum.

Quinolines substituted in any position by one or more amino groups.

Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care. (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)

Clinical manifestation consisting of a deficiency of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.

The circulation of the BLOOD through the MICROVASCULAR NETWORK.

The hearing and equilibrium system of the body. It consists of three parts: the EXTERNAL EAR, the MIDDLE EAR, and the INNER EAR. Sound waves are transmitted through this organ where vibration is transduced to nerve signals that pass through the ACOUSTIC NERVE to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. The inner ear also contains the vestibular organ that maintains equilibrium by transducing signals to the VESTIBULAR NERVE.

A variety of anesthetic methods such as EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA used to control the pain of childbirth.

Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.

Hospital facilities equipped to carry out investigative procedures.

Suspensions of killed or attenuated microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa), antigenic proteins, synthetic constructs, or other bio-molecular derivatives, administered for the prevention, amelioration, or treatment of infectious and other diseases.

Techniques for administering artificial respiration without the need for INTRATRACHEAL INTUBATION.

The therapeutic intermittent administration of oxygen in a chamber at greater than sea-level atmospheric pressures (three atmospheres). It is considered effective treatment for air and gas embolisms, smoke inhalation, acute carbon monoxide poisoning, caisson disease, clostridial gangrene, etc. (From Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992). The list of treatment modalities includes stroke.

Strains of VIBRIO CHOLERAE containing O ANTIGENS group 1. All are CHOLERA-causing strains (serotypes). There are two biovars (biotypes): cholerae and eltor (El Tor).

Proposed anesthetic with possible anticonvulsant and sedative properties.

Paramedical personnel trained to provide basic emergency care and life support under the supervision of physicians and/or nurses. These services may be carried out at the site of the emergency, in the ambulance, or in a health care institution.

The act of blowing a powder, vapor, or gas into any body cavity for experimental, diagnostic, or therapeutic purposes.

A surgical specialty concerned with diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the heart, lungs, and esophagus. Two major types of thoracic surgery are classified as pulmonary and cardiovascular.

Simultaneous and continuous monitoring of several parameters during sleep to study normal and abnormal sleep. The study includes monitoring of brain waves, to assess sleep stages, and other physiological variables such as breathing, eye movements, and blood oxygen levels which exhibit a disrupted pattern with sleep disturbances.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

Nasal pressure recording in the diagnosis of sleep apnoea hypopnoea syndrome. (1/205)

BACKGROUND: Nasal pressure tracing is now being used to measure breathing in ambulatory screening devices for sleep apnoea but it has not been compared with other methods of assessment. METHODS: Sleep induced breathing disorders were scored by three different methods of analysis (thermistry, inductive plethysmography, and nasal pressure tracing) in 193 consecutive patients referred to our sleep laboratory. With the conventional thermistry method an apnoea was defined as the absence of oronasal flow on the thermistor signal for >/=10 s and a hypopnoea as a 50% decrease in the sum signal of inductive plethysmography tracing for >/=10 s associated with an arousal and/or a 2% decrease in SaO2. Nasal pressure was measured via nasal prongs connected to a pressure transducer. Using the thermistor signal alone, a hypopnoea was defined as a 50% decrease in the signal for >/=10 s associated with an arousal and/or a 2% decrease in SaO2. A similar definition of apnoea and hypopnoea was used for nasal pressure, the fall in pressure being substituted for the thermistor reading. RESULTS: Impaired nasal ventilation prevented adequate measurements of nasal pressure in 9% of subjects. According to the conventional method of interpretation 107 subjects were identified as having the sleep apnoea hypopnoea syndrome (SAHS). The apnoea + hypopnoea index (AHI) was significantly lower using the thermistry method than with conventional analysis (mean difference -4.3/h, 95% CI -5.3 to -3.2, p<10(-4)); 39% of conventional hypopnoeic events were scored as apnoeas using nasal pressure scoring. Apnoeic and hypopnoeic events could also be observed without any change in thermistor and sum Respitrace signals that resumed with the occurrence of arousals or awakenings. The AHI was significantly higher with nasal pressure scoring than with the conventional method (mean difference 4.5, 95% CI 3.4 to 5.6, p<10(-4)). The mean difference in apnoea index between conventional and nasal pressure scoring was -7.5/h (95% CI -8.9 to -6.1). In the 78 patients who did not have SAHS according to the conventional method of analysis there was a significant positive relationship between the arousal index and AHI measured by nasal pressure tracing (R = 0.51, p<10(-4)). Seventeen of the 78 patients had an AHI of >15/h by the nasal pressure method of analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Nasal pressure recording provides a simple and reliable measurement of nocturnal breathing abnormalities and may identify breathing abnormalities associated with arousals that are missed by other diagnostic methods. (+info)

Prediction of imminent amputation in patients with non-reconstructible leg ischemia by means of microcirculatory investigations. (2/205)

PURPOSE: We investigated the usefulness of skin microcirculatory investigations to predict imminent major amputation in patients with non-reconstructible critical limb ischemia. METHODS: One hundred eleven patients with non-reconstructible chronic rest pain or small ulcers and an ankle blood pressure of 50 mm Hg or less or an ankle-to-brachial pressure index of 0.35 or less were included. Nailfold capillary microscopy (CM; big toe, sitting), transcutaneous oxygen pressure (TcpO2; forefoot, supine; 44 degrees C), and laser Doppler perfusion measurements (LD; pulp of big toe, supine) were performed at rest and during reactive hyperemia. Patients were classified according to their skin microcirculatory status just before the start of the treatment in three groups: those with a "good," "intermediate," or "poor" microcirculation, according to a combination of predefined cutoff values (Poor: capillary density less than 20/mm2, absent reactive hyperemia in CM and LD, TcpO2 less than 10 mm Hg; good: capillary density of 20/mm2 or more, present reactive hyperemia in CM and LD, TcpO 2 of 30 mm Hg or more). Subsequently, patients received maximum conservative therapy from the surgeon, who was unaware of the microcirculatory results. After a follow-up period of as long as 36 months, limb survival and disposing factors were analyzed and compared with the initial microcirculatory status. RESULTS: Cox regression analysis showed a significant prognostic value of the microcirculatory classification (hazard ratio = 0.28, P <.0001), but not of the Fontaine stage, ankle blood pressure, or the presence of diabetes mellitus for the occurrence of an amputation. Positive and negative predictive values were 73% and 67%, respectively. The cumulative limb survival at 6 and 12 months was 42% and 17% in the poor microcirculatory group, 80% and 63% in the intermediate microcirculatory group, and 88% and 88% in the good microcirculatory group ( P <.0001, log-rank). CONCLUSION: Microcirculatory screening and classification is useful in detecting non-reconstructible critical ischemia that requires amputation, which is not detectable by means of the clinical stage or blood pressure parameters. Most of the poor patient group will require amputation. In the intermediate and good groups, nonsurgical treatment appears sufficient for limb salvage. (+info)

Validity of transcutaneous oxygen/carbon dioxide pressure measurement in the monitoring of mechanical ventilation in stable chronic respiratory failure. (3/205)

The accuracy and precision of transcutaneous pressure measurements of oxygen (Ptc,O2) and carbon dioxide (Ptc,CO2) in the monitoring of nocturnal assisted ventilation in adult patients were evaluated. Transcutaneous measurements obtained with two analysers, Radiometer TINATCM3 (R) and Kontron MicroGas-7650 (K), were compared with arterial blood gases analysed in blood samples withdrawn simultaneously in 10 patients. Sensors were heated to 43 degrees C. Measurements of transcutaneous blood gases and arterial blood gases were collected six times at 1-h intervals. The data obtained with both instruments were similar and did not significantly change over the 5 h test period. Measurement of Ptc,O2 underestimated arterial oxygen tension (Pa,O2) and this underestimation increased with the level of Pa,O2 (p<0.01). Measurements of Ptc,CO2 overestimated arterial carbon dioxide tension (Pa,CO2) and this overestimation increased with the level of Pa,CO2 (p<0.05). These errors suggested an instrumental bias. Mathematical correction of this bias neutralized the error in accuracy and improved the precision (SD of the differences transcutaneous blood gases - arterial blood gases). An additional correction, suppressing the between-subject scattering, improved the actual precision: precision was reduced from 1.9 to 0.8 kPa (14.4 to 5.7 mmHg) (R) and from 1.7 to 0.5 kPa (13.1 to 3.7 mmHg) (K) for oxygen, and from 1.0 kPa (7.8 mmHg) (R) and 0.7 kPa (5.6 mmHg) (K) to 0.4 kPa (3.2 mmHg) for carbon dioxide (R and K). In conclusion, with these two successive corrections, transcutaneous oxygen and carbon dioxide provide a reliable estimation of blood gases to monitor nocturnal ventilation in adults with chronic respiratory failure. (+info)

Methacholine challenge in preschool children: methacholine-induced wheeze versus transcutaneous oximetry. (4/205)

Tracheal/chest auscultation for wheeze and transcutaneous oximetry have both been suggested as measures of outcome in bronchial provocation tests in young children. This study aimed to compare the sensitivity and safety of these two techniques as end-points for methacholine challenge in children aged <4 yrs. Seventy-two methacholine challenges were performed in 39 children aged <4 yrs with recurrent wheeze. Arterial oxygen saturation (Sa,O2) and transcutaneous oxygen pressure tcPO2 continuously, and the test was terminated when wheeze was heard or at Sa,O2 <91%. tcPO2 was not used as an end-point. Wheeze or desaturation occurred at < or =8 mg x mL(-1) methacholine in every test. One child had transient clinical cyanosis, but no other ill-effects were seen. Fifty-six tests (78%) were terminated for wheeze, seven (10%) for fall in Sa,O2 and nine (12%) showed simultaneous responses in both parameters. Twenty-eight tests (39%) contained a fall in tcPO2 >3 kPa but six of these also showed a significant rise. Fifty-three tests (75%) contained a fall in tcPO2 >15%, but 20 of these also showed a significant rise. Tracheal/chest auscultation with Sa,O2 monitoring is a sensitive and relatively safe end-point for bronchial challenges in preschool children. The erratic pattern of transcutaneous oxygen pressure response in some children casts doubt on its reliability as a proxy measure of bronchial obstruction. (+info)

Randomised controlled trial of thiopental for intubation in neonates. (5/205)

AIMS: To determine the effects of premedication with thiopental on heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation during semi-elective nasotracheal intubation in neonates. METHODS: A randomised, placebo controlled, non-blinded study design was used to study 30 neonates (mean birthweight 3.27 kg) requiring semi-elective nasotracheal intubation. The babies were randomly allocated to receive either 6 mg/kg of thiopental (study group) or an equivalent volume of physiological saline (control group) one minute before the start of the procedure. Six infants were intubated primarily and 24 were changed from orotracheal to a nasotracheal tube. The electrocardiogram, arterial pressure wave, and transcutaneous oxygen saturation were recorded continuously 10 minutes before, during, and 20 minutes after intubation. Minute by minute measurements of heart rate, heart rate variability, mean blood pressure (MBP) and transcutaneous oxygen saturation (SpO(2)) were computed. The differences for all of these between the baseline measurements and those made during and after intubation were determined. Differences in the measurements made in the study and the control groups were compared using Student's t test. RESULTS: During intubation, heart rate increased to a greater degree (12.0 vs -0.5 beats per minute, p < 0.03) and MBP increased to a lesser degree (-2.9 vs 4.4 mm Hg; p < 0.002) in the infants who were premedicated with thiopental. After intubation only the changes in MBP differed significantly between the two groups (-3.8 vs 4.6 mm Hg; p < 0.001). There were no significant changes in the oxygen saturation between the two groups during or after intubation. The time taken for intubation was significantly shorter in the study group (p < 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: The heart rate and blood pressure of infants who are premedicated with thiopental are maintained nearer to baseline values than those of similar infants who receive no premedication. Whether this lessening of the acute drop in the heart rate and increase in blood pressure typically seen during intubation of unmedicated infants is associated with long term advantages to the infants remains to be determined. (+info)

Optimisation of the non-invasive assessment of critical limb ischaemia requiring invasive treatment. (6/205)

OBJECTIVE: to assess the optimal cut-off values of toe blood pressure (TBP) and transcutaneous oxygen pressure (TcpO(2)) in the supine and sitting positions, in order to accurately detect the presence of severe leg ischaemia requiring invasive treatment. METHODS: in 49 consecutive patients (65 legs) with severe ischaemia according to clinical symptoms of Fontaine III or IV and a lowered ankle blood pressure, TBP and TcpO(2)were measured in the supine and sitting positions. Treatment within 6 weeks after the diagnosis was classified as either conservative or invasive (revascularisation or amputation). RESULTS: of the 65 legs, 38 (58%) required invasive treatment. The mean ankle pressure for this group was 70 mmHg. The optimal cut-off value for TBP was 38 mmHg and for TcpO(2)35 mmHg. A TBP of +info)

Use of transcutaneous oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions for assessing indices of gas exchange during exercise testing. (7/205)

The slow response characteristics of the combined transcutaneous electrode have been viewed as a major disadvantage when compared with other types of non-invasive assessment of gas exchange during exercise testing. We have previously shown that by using the highest recommended temperature of 45 degrees C to reduce response times, and combining this with an exercise protocol of gradual work load increments, that this allows changes in arterial blood gases to be closely followed by transcutaneous values. In the present study we have validated the use of a transcutaneous electrode for estimation of alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (AaO2) and dead space to tidal volume ratio (V(D)/V(T)) during exercise, against values calculated from direct arterial blood gas analysis. One hundred measurements were made in 20 patients with various cardiopulmonary disorders who underwent exercise testing. Exercise testing was performed by bicycle ergometry with a specific protocol involving gradual work load increments at 2 min intervals. Transcutaneous gas tensions were measured by a heated combined O2 and CO2 electrode. Arterial blood was sampled at the midpoint of each stage of exercise and transcutaneous tensions noted at the end of each stage. The mean difference of the AaO2 gradient calculated from blood gas tensions obtained by the two methods was 0.14 kPa. The limits of agreement were -0.26 and 0.63 kPa. The same values for V(D)/V(T) calculated from gas tensions measured by the two methods were: mean difference 0001; limits of agreement -0.0242 and 0.0252. For both these parameters there was an even scatter around the mean value on Bland and Altman analysis. The findings of this study suggest that estimation of parameters of gas exchange using transcutaneous values during exercise testing is reliable, provided the electrode is heated to a slightly higher temperature than usual and the work load increments are gradual, allowing for the latency in the response time of the system. This system allows the assessment of the contribution of ventilation/perfusion inequality to breathlessness on exertion in patients, provided an initial arterial or ear lobe capillary sample is obtained for calibration purposes. This technique is particularly valuable in patients undergoing repeat exercise tests as it circumvents the need for arterial cannulation. (+info)

Pneumothorax in adults with cystic fibrosis dependent on nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV): a management dilemma. (8/205)

The management of pneumothorax in three adult patients with cystic fibrosis dependent on nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation is described. (+info)

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Babies receiving supplemental oxygen, or those likely to need it should be monitored by continuous pulse oximetry, (with the exception of babies close to being discharged on oxygen). (starship.org.nz)
These include transcutaneous monitoring, end-tidal gas monitoring and pulse oximetry. (thefreelibrary.com)
4 In contrast, the assessment of home oxygen requirements for infants involves a combination of clinical assessment, oximetry and intermittent blood gas analyses 5 , 6 (levels of evidence, E3, E4 1 ). (mja.com.au)
2. Do transcutaneous oximetry and end-tidal CO 2 measurement obviate the need for arterial blood gas analysis? (anaesthesiauk.com)
Various tests will be used to monitor the baby and diagnosis severity of RDS including a blood gases test, transcutaneous devices and pulse oximetry. (aboutkidshealth.ca)
the diagnostic value of fetal pulse oximetry in comparison with fetal scalp blood gas in predicting neonatal outcome was assessed and it was found that these two tests were favorably comparable. (thefreedictionary.com)
Can we replace arterial blood gas analysis by pulse oximetry in neonates with respiratory distress syndrome, who are treated according to INSURE protocol? (thefreedictionary.com)
2 No similar study seems to have been attempted since it became commonplace to use pulse oximetry to monitor oxygen saturation. (bmj.com)
Pulse oximetry and transcutaneous oxygen monitoring are extraordinarily useful techniques of estimating and noninvasively monitoring the neonate's oxygenation, but each method has limitations. (aaccjnls.org)
This study was performed to evaluate the reliability of transcutaneous oximetry as compared with strain gauge plethysmography and with Doppler in the assessment of the initial peripheral vascular disease in diabetics who are still asymptomatic. (elsevier.com)
In the first group of patients (still asymptomatic) it was possible to select by transcutaneous oximetry and by plethysmography a subpopulation that presented a significant reduction in the arterial flow of the limbs. (elsevier.com)
Results of combined oximetry and transcutaneous capnography, MG scores, and acetylcholine receptor antibody titers before and after DFPP treatment were compared. (elsevier.com)
In all cases, patients will be monitored using continuous electrocardiography, pulse oximetry (on patients finger), and transcutaneous carbon dioxide and saturation (on patients earlobe), and automated noninvasive blood pressure recordings every 5 minutes. (ichgcp.net)
Aim: Tracheal and chest auscultation for wheeze and transcutaneous oximetry have both been suggested as outcome measures of bronchial provocation tests in young children. (elsevier.com)
Measurements were carried out using laser Doppler flowmetry, transcutaneous oximetry and both macro- and micro-lightguide spectrophotometry to measure haemoglobin saturation (SO2). (dundee.ac.uk)

Shoemaker, W.C.: Tremper, K.K.: Transcutaneous PO2 and PCO2 Monitoring: Experimental, and Clinical Studies. (springer.com)
Is continuous transcutaneous monitoring of PCO2 (TcPCO2) over 8 h reliable in adults? (nih.gov)
Background Transcutaneous carbon dioxide monitoring is rarely used in the acute hospital setting, where samples of arterial blood are used to measure pCO2. (bmj.com)
Transcutaneous PCO2 to monitor noninvasive mechanical ventilation in adults: assessment of a new transcutaneous PCO2 device. (nih.gov)
The present study was designed to analyze the usability of a commercially available, transcutaneous PCO2 (TcPCO2) sensor for monitoring noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV). (nih.gov)

Continuous Transcutaneous Blood Gas Monitoring. (springer.com)
Tremper KK, Waxman K, Bowman R, Shoernaker WC (1989) Continuous transcutaneous oxygen monitoring during respiratory failure, cardiac decompensation, cardiac arrest and CPR. (springer.com)
This can only be measured with any meaningful accuracy using serial arterial blood gas analysis or continuous transcutaneous monitoring. (lww.com)
In our current practice, we use continuous transcutaneous carbon dioxide monitoring during prolonged apnea, with predefined thresholds for instigating a period of ventilation. (lww.com)
This study was to compare conventional intermittent venous blood gas monitoring with continuous transcutaneous oxygen and carbon dioxide monitoring in infant patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB. (scirp.org)
The aim of this study was to compare conventional intermittent venous blood gas monitoring with the continuous transcutaneous oxygen (TcpO 2 ) and transcutaneous carbon dioxide pressure (TcpCO 2 ) monitoring in infant patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB. (scirp.org)

Transcutaneous (tc) blood gas measurement [1] can be considered the standard method in the field of neonatology worldwide [2, 3]. (springer.com)
Steinacker, J. M., R.E.Wodick: Transcutaneous Measurement of Arterial PO 2 in Adults: Design of an Improved Electrode. (springer.com)
In the transcutaneous measurement technique, the PO 2 is polarographically determined on the intact skin after hyperemia has been induced in the local skin-capillary region. (springer.com)
A new way of monitoring mechanical ventilation by measurement of particle flow from the airways using Pexa method in vivo and during ex vivo lung perfusion in DCD lung transplantation. (bioportfolio.com)
We evaluated the accuracy of non-invasive and continuous hemoglobin monitoring (SpHb) obtained by a transcutaneous spectrophotometry-based technology (Masimo Corporation, Irvine, CA) compared with conventional laboratory Hb measurement (HbL) during LT. Additionally, we made subgroup analyses for distinct surgical phases that have special features and hemodynamic problems and thus may affect the accuracy of SpHb. (minervamedica.it)
CONCLUSIONS: SpHb was demonstrated to have a clinically acceptable accuracy of hemoglobin measurement in comparison with a standard laboratory device when used during LT. This technology can be useful as a trend monitor during all surgical phases of LT and can supplement HbL to optimize transfusion decisions or to detect occult bleeding. (minervamedica.it)
however, until recently, measurement of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO 2 ) has been limited to invasive arterial blood gas testing (PaCO2) or end-tidal CO2 (PetCO2) measurements. (mdedge.com)
Thanks to recent technological advances, transcutaneous measurement of carbon dioxide (PtcCO 2 ) is emerging as the method of choice for assessing the adequacy of noninvasive ventilation. (mdedge.com)
The laboratory LS2P dedicated to wearable devices for healthcare is developing an innovative wristband device based on optical infrared measurement to quantify the partial pressure of transcutaneous carbon dioxide (PtCO2). (minatec.org)
Tremper KK, Barker SJ (1987) Transcutaneous oxygen measurement: experimental studies and adult applications. (springer.com)
Monitor continuous ECG and arterial or transcutaneous measurement of systemic oxygen and CO 2 during admin, and arterial blood gases. (mims.com)
Simultaneous Continuous Measurement of Arterial and Mixed Venous Partial O.sub.2 Saturation", The Oxygen Status of Arterial Blood, Zander, Mertzlufft (eds. (freepatentsonline.com)
Measurement of whole-blood potassium--is it clinically safe? (thefreedictionary.com)
The TCM5 FLEX transcutaneous monitor is a compact, easy-to-use solution that delivers accurate and continuous measurement of oxygenation (t cp O 2 ) and ventilation (t cp CO 2 ) status in neonatal, pediatric and adult patients in the ICU. (radiometer.co.uk)
B. Braun Space GlucoseControlFrom Measurement to Management of Blood GlucoseB. (healthmanagement.org)
Subsequently, transcutaneous EtOH imaging and measurement of sweat rate were performed at the palm, dorsum of hand, and wrist of participants who consumed alcohol. (iitani.com)

The partial pressure of gas in blood is significant because it is directly related to ventilation and oxygenation. (wikipedia.org)
Monitoring of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in a non-intensive care unit (non-ICU) setting requires a method of evaluating nocturnal PaCO2, such as transcutaneous CO2 monitoring (TcPCO2). (nih.gov)
Another major advancement is the development of non-invasive monitoring of oxygenation and ventilation. (thefreelibrary.com)
A primary objective of noninvasive home ventilation is normalization of arterial blood gas tensions, night and day. (mdedge.com)
Assessment of PetCO2 has been limited by challenges in accessing true end-tidal exhaled gas under a face mask during noninvasive ventilation, particularly for patients with parenchymal lung diseases such as COPD. (mdedge.com)
In this setting, home PtcCO 2 monitoring potentially can be utilized in place of in-laboratory sleep studies for assessment of nocturnal hypoventilation and optimizing home mechanical ventilation. (mdedge.com)
1 The original description of the Transnasal Humidified Rapid-Insufflation Ventilatory Exchange (THRIVE) technique by Patel and Nouraei 2 based estimates of carbon dioxide rise predominantly on end-tidal values obtained with mechanical ventilation after apnea (20/24 patients), with only 4 having arterial blood gas data-an approach that has since been proven to underestimate the true rate of carbon dioxide accumulation by half. (lww.com)
If we decide to put them on non-invasive mechanical ventilation it is important to find out if CO 2 levels are headed downward, and transcutaneous monitoring enables us to assess this rapidly. (radiometer.com)
Dr. Folgado further states, "Transcutaneous monitoring really improves patient outcomes when using non-invasive mechanical ventilation. (radiometer.com)
Dr. Folgado also points out that transcutaneous monitoring has distinct advantages for all patients on noninvasive ventilation who are sleeping. (radiometer.com)
By monitoring and controlling CO 2 throughout the night with mechanical ventilation we can control episodes of hypoventilation. (radiometer.com)
Dr. Folgado believes that transcutaneous monitoring must be used with every patient put on non-invasive mechanical ventilation, not only in the emergency room - but in other units throughout the hospital. (radiometer.com)
Transcutaneous monitoring allows me to make confident decisions and I see it as extremely essential in measuring and achieving better outcomes when utilizing therapeutic non-invasive mechanical ventilation. (radiometer.com)
Home mechanical ventilation (HMV) is used to treat hypoventilation, and its efficiency is mostly assessed by daytime blood gases or nocturnal oxygen saturation monitoring (SpO 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
This suggests oxygen-induced hypercapnia might occur in a range of respiratory conditions with abnormal gas exchange and/or reduced ventilation with respiratory failure. (biomedcentral.com)
1) Transcutaneous blood gas monitoring: Transcutaneous blood gas analysis is a method for continuous, non-invasive monitoring of ventilation and oxygenation. (enterprise-europe-scotland.com)
The time of response to a change in ventilation was compatible with the aim of clinical monitoring of patients under NPPV. (nih.gov)
Arterial blood gas determinations of pCO 2 provide the most accurate determinations of the adequacy of alveolar ventilation, but capillary, transcutaneous, and end-tidal techniques are also useful. (aaccjnls.org)
2 When It Comes to Life, There Is No Compromise Distributing worldwide ACUTRONIC is a privately held company that develops, manufactures, and distributes high-tech ventilation and monitoring solutions for neonatal, pediatric and adult ICUs and intensive care transportation in over 90 countries. (sportdocbox.com)
The TCM5 FLEX monitor allows you to get a real-time view of changes in the child's physiology, changes in their lung status and ventilation. (radiometer.co.uk)
Transcutaneous monitoring - or continuous, non-invasive monitoring - of t cp O 2 and t cp CO 2 can detect changes in the oxygenation and ventilation status of neonates. (radiometer.co.uk)
In thoracic anesthesia with one lung ventilation (OLV), end-tidal CO2 (PeTCO2) monitoring may not be accurate to estimate PaCO2 mainly due to ventilation / perfusion mismatching.This study aimed to asses the clinical usefulness and accuracy of a transcutaneous CO2 (PtCCO2) monitoring in thoracic anesthesia , compared with PeTCO2. (bvsalud.org)
During one lung ventilation , PtCCO2 monitoring is more useful and accurate than PeTCO2 monitoring for assessing PaCO2 levels. (bvsalud.org)

Very few low birth weight patients had arterial lines, so we did a lot of capillary blood gases. (thefreelibrary.com)
In patients with chronic lung disease or mild-to-moderate acute cardiorespiratory problems, capillary blood gases are often utilized. (aaccjnls.org)

article{c3821e25-4a8e-4783-8e23-4cc31c082d38, abstract = {During surfactant treatment of respiratory distress syndrome, 23 premature newborns were investigated with continuous amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (cerebral function monitors). (lu.se)
abstract = "A variable model of venous hypertension was used to examine the immediate effect on skin oxygenation and blood flow. (dundee.ac.uk)

Any baby receiving oxygen therapy (except chronic babies prior to discharge) should have continuous pulse oximeter monitoring. (starship.org.nz)
Initially we had no transcutaneous monitors and the pulse oximeter was still on the drawing boards. (thefreelibrary.com)
Blood pressure is 130-170/80-110 mmHg, pulse is 80-95 bpm, respirations are 16, temperature is 37.5 degrees centigrade, hemoglobin is 9%, and blood glucose is 150-250 mg/dl. (anaesthesiauk.com)
An active pulse-inducing mechanism having a scattering-limited drive generates a consistent pulsatile venous signal utilized for the venous blood measurements. (freepatentsonline.com)
All the babies had been cared for in one of five referral units for at least the first 4 weeks of life, and monitored using a Critikon, Nellcor, Omedha, or Radiometer pulse oximeter throughout the time that they were in supplemental oxygen. (bmj.com)
The volume of arterial blood in the tissue (and hence, the light absorption by that blood) changes during the pulse. (radiometer.co.uk)

Bedside monitors designed to continuously measure the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (tcpCO2), oxygen (tcpO2), or both at the skin surface. (medicalproductguide.com)
Monitoring tcPO2 and tcPCO2 is useful to avoid hyperoxemia and hypoxemia, to assess surgical patients, and for continuous evaluation of the respiratory and metabolic status of patients. (medicalproductguide.com)
21 days of computer-recorded transcutaneous oxygen (TcPO2) data were compared in 31 infants with stage 3 or greater ROP and 38 infants with no ROP or stage 1 or 2. (nih.gov)
BACKGROUND: Few studies have compared sensitivities of ankle-to-brachial index (ABI) and transcutaneous oxygen tension (TcPO2) in a large group of patients with Leriche stage II intermittent claudication. (biomedsearch.com)
Severinghaus, J. W., Stafford, M., Thunstrom, A.M.: Estimation of Skin Metabolism and Blood Flow with tcPO2 and tcPCO2 electrodes by cuff occlusion of the circulation. (springer.com)
Transcutaneous oxygen tension (TcPO2) was evaluated using the Periflux System 5000 with TcPO2/CO2 unit 5040 before the injections and on days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 after the start of the injections. (bvsalud.org)

However, it is not realistic to expect transcutaneous and arterial oxygen partial pressures to be identical. (springer.com)
Blood gas tension refers to the partial pressure of gases in blood . (wikipedia.org)
[3] Blood gas tests (such as arterial blood gas tests) measure these partial pressures. (wikipedia.org)
P a O 2 - Partial pressure of oxygen at sea level (765 mmHg ) in arterial blood is between 75 mmHg and 100 mmHg. (wikipedia.org)
P a CO 2 - Partial pressure of carbon dioxide at sea level (765 mmHg) in arterial blood is between 35 mmHg and 45 mmHg. (wikipedia.org)
P v CO 2 - Partial pressure of carbon dioxide at sea level in venous blood is between 40 mmHg and 50 mmHg. (wikipedia.org)
P a CO - Partial pressure of CO at sea level (765 mmHg) in arterial blood is approximately 0.02. (wikipedia.org)
Arterial blood oxygen tension (normal) PaO2 - Partial pressure of oxygen at sea level (160 mmHg in the atmosphere, 21% of standard atmospheric pressure of 760 mmHg) in arterial blood is between 75 mmHg and 100 mmHg. (wikipedia.org)
Arterial carbon monoxide tension (normal) PaCO - Partial pressure of CO at sea level in arterial blood is approximately 0.02. (wikipedia.org)
Phan CQ, Tremper KK, Lee SE, Barker SJ (1987) Noninvasive monitoring of carbone dioxide: a comparison of the partial pressure of transcutaneous and end-tidal carbone dioxide with the partial pressure of arterial carbone dioxide. (springer.com)
The primary outcome was transcutaneous partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PtCO 2 ) at 30 min. (biomedcentral.com)
Transcutaneous partial pressure of CO 2 (carbon dioxide) t cp CO 2 is measured through a sensor placed on the skin surface. (radiometer.co.uk)

Comparative diagnostic value of ankle-to-brachial index and transcutaneous oxygen tension at rest and after exercise in patients with intermittent claudication. (biomedsearch.com)
P v O 2 - Oxygen tension in venous blood at sea level is between 30 mmHg and 40 mmHg. (wikipedia.org)
The most common gas tensions measured are oxygen tension (PxO2), carbon dioxide tension (PxCO2) and carbon monoxide tension (PxCO). (wikipedia.org)
Arterial blood sampling on ambient air showed pH 7.36, arterial carbon dioxide tension 9.14 kPa, arterial oxygen tension 6.4 kPa, base excess 7.8, and bicarbonate 33 mmol/L. Her body mass index was within the normal range. (bmj.com)
Indwelling arterial lines and sensors have been widely used to monitor arterial oxygen tension, but no controlled trial has ever shown that any of these techniques reduce the risk of permanent retinal damage. (bmj.com)
1 An important observational study using a transcutaneous technique for monitoring tension, undertaken in 1982-1984 but only published in 1992, showed that retinopathy occurred more often in babies with tensions that exceeded 80 mm Hg (10.7 kPa). (bmj.com)
Most had also been intermittently monitored with a transcutaneous oxygen tension monitor in the period immediately after birth, but transcutaneous monitoring was often discontinued after a few days, especially in the most immature babies with delicate, easily damaged skin. (bmj.com)
Saturation settings (which were always documented at least once an hour) have been used throughout in the analysis that follows because the transcutaneous monitors were less consistently used, especially after 1991, and often had their alarm limits muted, or adjusted so that the saturation alarm was triggered before the tension alarm. (bmj.com)
The harmful effect of hypocapnia on the neonatal brain emphasizes the importance of monitoring arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2). (forskningsdatabasen.dk)
A similar phenomenon was noted for maximum transcutaneous carbon dioxide tension (PtcCO 2 ). (elsevier.com)

When used alongside the pH balance of the blood, the PaCO2 and HCO− 3 (and lactate) suggest to the health care practitioner which interventions, if any, should be made. (wikipedia.org)
Oscillations in arterial blood pressure and PaCO2 induce CBF variability. (readbyqxmd.com)

Severinghaus JW, Stafford M, Thunstrom AM (1978) Estimation of skin metabolism and blood flow with PtcO 2 and PtcCO 2 electrodes by cuff occlusion of the circulation. (springer.com)

The TCM5 FLEX transcutaneous monitor has an intuitive user interface and built-in tutorials that make it easy to set up, learn and use. (radiometer.co.uk)
Compact and practical, the TCM5 FLEX monitor comes with a color touchscreen. (radiometer.co.uk)
The TCM5 FLEX transcutaneous monitor helps reduce patient discomfort with system defined limits of site time vs. temperature to reduce the risk of harm from the heated electrode by predefined combinations of time and temperature. (radiometer.co.uk)

The author sought other physiological problems that required blood gas analysis in anesthesia and cardiorespiratory physiology, particularly at high altitude. (prolekare.cz)
â ¢Cardiorespiratory monitor data may help identify infants who will benefit most from red blood cell transfusions. (bvsalud.org)

New chapters cover transcutaneous bilirubin testing, auditory screening, relocation of a dislocated nasal septum, management of natal and neonatal teeth, and lingual frenotomy. (powells.com)

In 1952, the only routinely used monitor in anesthesia was a blood pressure cuff. (prolekare.cz)
The overall aim was to obtain new knowledge about thermal balance and care environment in extremely preterm infants during skin-to-skin care (SSC), evaluate different methods of intraoperative monitoring of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), and to investigate how different levels of inhaled oxygen affect infants' oxygenation during anesthesia and surgery. (diva-portal.org)
Study II formed part of a prospective study to assess the performance of non-invasive transcutaneous and end-tidal technique to continuously monitor CO 2 levels in the infants blood during anesthesia. (diva-portal.org)
These results suggest that during anesthesia would transcutaneous monitoring of carbon dioxide be beneficial, end-tidal monitoring correlated poorly to blood gas and induction of general anesthesia in newborn infants can be safely performed without the use of high levels of supplemental oxygen. (diva-portal.org)

Because low body weight infant patients have a higher energy demand than adult patients, blood flow adjustment according to temperature changes during CPB is of utmost importance to ensure enough tissue perfusion and avoid hypoxaemia [1-3]. (scirp.org)
You can reduce the number of blood samples and limit unnecessary handling of the infant, while ensuring careful control of your patient. (radiometer.co.uk)

p tc CO 2 shows promise in replacing arterial blood gases, in acute hypercapnic respiratory failure. (bmj.com)
Transcutaneous monitoring gives us a huge advantage because it's imperative to have continuous CO 2 readings when acute COPD patients with respiratory failure come into the emergency department in a critical state," says Dr. Folgado. (radiometer.com)
He adds, "It's a very relaxing and calming feeling from a professional point of view because transcutaneous monitoring gives me the tool I need to quickly have an image of what's going on with CO 2 levels, which is critical with COPD patients suffering from respiratory failure. (radiometer.com)

Non-invasive transcutaneous measure of CO 2 (TcCO 2 ) allows to directly assess nocturnal hypercapnia and to detect residual hypoventilation with a higher sensitivity than SpO 2 . (frontiersin.org)

PtcCO 2 monitoring is a standard assessment for pediatric patients in the sleep lab, and it is increasingly being utilized in adults to complement diagnostic and treatment purposes. (mdedge.com)
Transcutaneus PO 2 (PtcO 2 ) is suggested to reflect tissue oxygenation in intensive care patients, whereas transcutaneous PCO 2 (PtcCO 2 ) is advocated as a noninvasive method for assessing PaCO 2 . (springer.com)
We investigated the change in transcutaneous PCO 2 (PtcCO 2 ) in cardiac arrest patients. (biomedcentral.com)
PtcCO 2 monitoring with a V-Sign™ combined monitor (SenTec Inc., Therwil, Switzerland) was applied to patients at the start of CPR. (biomedcentral.com)
PtcCO 2 monitoring provides non-invasive, continuous, and useful monitoring in cardiac arrest patients. (biomedcentral.com)
Transcutaneous PCO 2 (PtcCO 2 ) monitoring was introduced about 30 years ago. (biomedcentral.com)
We observed that PtcCO 2 monitoring is easily applied to and gives continuous information on gas changes in critically ill patients. (biomedcentral.com)
We excluded cases for whom transcutaneous monitoring was not applied or that failed to provide sufficient quality of PtcCO 2 monitoring data. (biomedcentral.com)

Bhat R, Kim WD, Shukla A, Vidyasagar D (1981) Simultaneous tissue pH and transcutaneous carbone dioxide monitoring in critically ill neonates. (springer.com)
Neonates born premature may present a range of critical conditions that caregivers need to diagnose, treat and monitor. (radiometer.com)
This on-demand webinar discusses blood gas invasive and non-invasive monitoring for the care of neonates. (radiometer.com)
In 21 of 23 neonates, a transient fall in mean arterial blood pressure of 9.3 mm Hg (mean) occurred coincidently with the cerebral reaction. (lu.se)
Neonates in whom intraventricular hemorrhage developed tended to have lower presurfactant mean arterial blood pressure (P greater than .05), but they had a significantly lower mean arterial blood pressure after surfactant instillation (P less than .05). (lu.se)
In some vulnerable neonates with arterial hypotension and severe pulmonary immaturity, the fall in mean arterial blood pressure may increase the risk of cerebral complications and could be related to an unchanged rate of intraventricular hemorrhage after surfactant treatment. (lu.se)

The update of this clinical practice guideline is the result of reviewing a total of 124 articles: 3 randomized controlled trials, 103 prospective trials, 1 retrospective study, 3 case studies, 11 review articles, 2 surveys and 1 consensus paper on transcutaneous monitoring (TCM) for oxygen (P tcO2 ) and carbon dioxide (P tcCO2 ). (guidelinecentral.com)

Reed RL, Maier RV, Landicho D, Kenny MA, Carrico CJ (1985) Correlation of hemodynamic variables with transcutaneous PO 2 measurements in critically ill adult patients. (springer.com)
Based on these data, capillary blood gas comparisons showed less variation and a slightly lower correlation with P tcCO 2 than did ABG comparisons. (rcjournal.com)
It's concluded that transcutaneous monitoring and intermittent venous blood sampling had good correlation and transcutaneous monitoring may be used conveniently and safely clinically during CPB. (scirp.org)

It has been proved, that, for example, the capillary blood in the ear lobe, the fingertip, or the ankle in both adults and newborns represents arterial blood gas conditions after hyperemia has been induced. (springer.com)
Tremper KK, Shoemaker WC (1981) Transcutaneous oxygen monitoring of critically ill adults, with and without low flow shock. (springer.com)
Extending the use of transcutaneous blood gas monitoring to children and adults. (fourthstatesystems.se)

Strasser, K., Goeckenjan, G.: The monitoring of adult intensive care patients by transcutaneous PO2 measurements. (springer.com)
If based on transcutaneous data only, clinical decisions would have been unchanged in nine out of ten patients. (bmj.com)
Our data demonstrate that transcutaneous derived gas tensions result from complex interaction between hemodynamic, respiratory and local factors, which can hardly be defined in ICU-patients. (springer.com)
Transcutaneous monitoring is very important for overnight tracking of patients because while they sleep they are very prone to hypoventilation episodes. (radiometer.com)
He goes on to say, "The big advantage here is that with transcutaneous monitoring we don't have to wake patients and puncture their artery for blood gas analysis and wait an hour to get results. (radiometer.com)
Some patients have similar values when comparing transcutaneous carbon dioxide (P tcCO 2 ) values with blood gas analysis, whereas others show extreme variability. (rcjournal.com)
Patients who underwent prehospital arterial blood sampling had an arrival PaCO 2 of 4.7 (±0.2) kPa (35.1 mm Hg). (bmj.com)
Central Venous catheter has become an integral part in the management of critically ill patients being used for fluid administration, an important source of blood sample for chemical analysis and sampling, parenteral nutrition and central venous pressure determination and administration of drugs with high osmolality that cannot be given through peripheral veins and also provides a readily available and safe alternative to repetitive arterial blood gas analysis. (thefreedictionary.com)
2) Point-of-care-testing coagulation: Monitoring of important parameters from patients during anticoagulation therapy and the patient s platelet reactivity to antiplatelet medications. (enterprise-europe-scotland.com)
Blood gas measurements are as important for ill newborns as for other critically ill patients, but rapidly changing physiology, difficult access to arterial and mixed venous sampling sites, and small blood volumes present unique challenges. (aaccjnls.org)
Here, two cases of atypical TRARs with respiratory features, in pediatric patients with solid tumors, appearing after transfusion of platelet concentrate following autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation are reported. (faintpower.ga)

After the initiation of CPB intermittent venous blood gas data and corresponding TcpO 2 and TcpCO 2 data were collected at specific three time-points: Before aortic-clamp, during cardiac arrestment and after resuscitation of the heart. (scirp.org)

Continuous (8-h) TcPCO2 monitoring at a lower electrode temperature (43 degrees C) in this setting has never been formally studied. (nih.gov)
After calibration and stabilization of TcPCO2 (Radiometer Tina TCM3 capnograph), arterial blood gases (ABG) were measured and compared with transcutaneous readings. (nih.gov)
Transcutaneous monitoring of carbon dioxide (tcPCO2) reduces the need for arterial blood sampling. (forskningsdatabasen.dk)
After stabilization of TcPCO2, arterial blood was analyzed and results were compared with TcPCO2 at time of sampling. (nih.gov)

This is a pilot observational study to assess the role of transcutaneous (p tc CO 2 ) versus arterial (p a CO 2 ) monitoring during acute NIV, both to calculate pH and to guide therapy. (bmj.com)

Radiometer is a Danish multinational company which develops, manufactures and markets solutions for blood sampling, blood gas analysis, transcutaneous monitoring, immunoassay testing and the related IT management systems. (wikipedia.org)
The company offers a range of products for: Blood Gas Testing Neonatal Monitoring Immunoassay Testing Transcutaneous Monitoring Point-of-Care Data Management Blood sampling Diabetes (via HemoCue) Hemoglobin Testing (via HemoCue) Quality Control Its products are covered by over 95 patents and patent applications. (wikipedia.org)
For reference on specific blood gas testing solutions, immunoassay testing, transcutaneous monitoring , samplers , POC data management systems, QC and services available in specific markets, please go to your local Radiometer country website using the dropdown below or find your local contact on www.radiometer.com . (radiometeramerica.com)

San Diego Claudication Questionnaire before and during the treadmill test Treadmill test(s) through the Strandness procedure (2MPh 10% slope) Transcutaneous oxygen pressure recording before during and after exercise Ankle and brachial pressure measurements. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Wound fluid blood detection systems and methods are described that are operable in conjunction with reduced pressure wound treatment (RPWT) systems, as well as ancillary therapy and monitoring systems applied concurrently with RPWT systems. (google.de)
Simultaneously, arterial blood pressure and transcutaneous blood gas values were recorded. (lu.se)
Treatment of OSA has been shown to lower blood pressure in hypertensive individuals although it is not clear that the degree of improvement, while statistically significant, has clinical relevance. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
Subjects' heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, and transcutaneous carbon dioxide level were continuously recorded. (asahq.org)
A feature of this mode is that gas is delivered with a constant inspiratory flow pattern, resulting in peak pressures applied to the airways higher than that required for lung distension (plateau pressure). (medscape.com)
Close monitoring and use of pressure limits are helpful in avoiding this problem. (medscape.com)
Reduction of blood flow to the brain is usually created when the intracranial pressure is greater than the mean arterial pressure, thus lowering the cerebral perfusion pressure to a point that sufficient blood flow into the brain ceases. (rcjournal.com)

Founded in 1935 and headquartered in Copenhagen, Denmark, Radiometer was a pioneer in blood gas testing, introducing the world's first commercially available blood gas analyzer in 1954. (scandasia.com)
Technavio's report, Global Blood Gas and Electrolyte Analyzer Market 2015-2019, has been prepared based on an in-depth market analysis with inputs from industry experts. (thefreedictionary.com)
The researchers concluded: "Analysis of absolute accuracy showed a smaller bias but slightly larger standard deviation for SpHb than the blood gas analyzer when compared to the hematology analyzer reference. (thefreedictionary.com)
All the determinations were performed using a RAPIDLab[R] 1200 Blood Gas Analyzer (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Inc. (thefreedictionary.com)
For 10 days, whole-blood potassium was measured with an AVL Omni 6 blood gas analyzer (Roche Diagnostics) in all arterial blood-gas specimens received by the laboratory. (thefreedictionary.com)

Tremper KK, Waxman K, Shoemaker WC (1981) Use of transcutaneous oxygen sensors to titrate PEEP. (springer.com)

p tc CO 2 was monitored for 12 hours (Radiometer TOSCA TCM4) and compared to measures of p a CO 2 from samples taken from the arterial lines. (bmj.com)
When you choose Radiometer, you tap into more than fifty years of experience in blood gas testing. (radiometer.com)
In 1998 Radiometer acquired Carlsbad, California based SenDx Medical, Inc. SenDx manufactures medical and industrial instruments and blood analysis systems. (wikipedia.org)
The new contract represented the second of two one-year options included in an agreement signed in 1998 and covered Radiometer's product line of blood gas analysers, analyser and patient data management software, transcutaneous monitors and accessories and consumables, Radiometer said. (thefreedictionary.com)

In the beginning stages, when commercial tcPO 2 monitors first came on to the market, various studies were carried out which were devoted, among other things, to establishing the ideal electrode temperature. (springer.com)

This report analyzes the worldwide markets for Blood Gas and Electrolyte Analyzers in Units and US$ Thousand by the following Product Segments: Blood Gas Analyzers (Benchtop Analyzers, & Point-of-Care Analyzers), and Electrolyte Analyzers. (marketpublishers.com)
Calibration standard of the common brand of arterial blood gas analyzers are documented in the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute. (thefreedictionary.com)
Blood Gas Analyzers (Benchtop Analyzers, & Point-of-Care Analyzers), and Electrolyte Analyzers. (thefreedictionary.com)

Compared to blood gas Pco 2- , transcutaneous carbon dioxide monitoring yielded a bias of 0.3 ± 0.7 kPa, and end-tidal technique a bias of -1.9 ± 0.9 kPa. (diva-portal.org)

The transcutaneous CO 2 sensors work by heating underlying skin to approximately 43° C, increasing blood flow through the underlying dermal capillary bed. (mdedge.com)

Abraham E, Smith M, Silver L (1984) Conjunctival and transcutaneous oxygen monitoring during cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. (springer.com)

Fallenstein, F., W.Nef, A. Huch, R.Huch: Effect of Stripping on the Level and Variability of Transcutaneous PO 2 . (springer.com)
Increased variability in cerebral blood flow (CBF) predisposes to adverse cerebrovascular events. (readbyqxmd.com)

2. A method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of red blood cell constituents comprise all hemoglobins and cellular bodies. (google.ca)

Blood gases obtained in the immediate perinatal period can help assess perinatal asphyxia, but particular attention must be paid to the sampling site, the time of life, and the possible and proven diagnoses. (aaccjnls.org)

Anatomy24

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Diseases49

Chemicals and Drugs26

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment102

Psychiatry and Psychology4

Phenomena and Processes46

Disciplines and Occupations2

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Nasal pressure recording in the diagnosis of sleep apnoea hypopnoea syndrome. (1/205)

Prediction of imminent amputation in patients with non-reconstructible leg ischemia by means of microcirculatory investigations. (2/205)

Validity of transcutaneous oxygen/carbon dioxide pressure measurement in the monitoring of mechanical ventilation in stable chronic respiratory failure. (3/205)

Methacholine challenge in preschool children: methacholine-induced wheeze versus transcutaneous oximetry. (4/205)

Randomised controlled trial of thiopental for intubation in neonates. (5/205)

Optimisation of the non-invasive assessment of critical limb ischaemia requiring invasive treatment. (6/205)

Use of transcutaneous oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions for assessing indices of gas exchange during exercise testing. (7/205)

Pneumothorax in adults with cystic fibrosis dependent on nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV): a management dilemma. (8/205)

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Blood Gas Monitoring, Transcutaneous

Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation

Blood Gas Analysis

Gases

Carbon Dioxide

Administration, Cutaneous

Partial Pressure

Oxygen

Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal

Electric Stimulation Therapy

Jaundice, Neonatal

Pulmonary Gas Exchange

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Forehead

Electrodes

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Neonatal Screening

Respiratory Insufficiency

Monitoring, Physiologic

Ear, External

Skin Absorption

Acupuncture Points

Hypoventilation

Hypercapnia

Rats, Hairless

Pain Management

Capnography

Respiration

Chromatography, Gas

Hyperbilirubinemia

Phototherapy

Transdermal Patch

Noble Gases

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Infant, Newborn

Respiration, Artificial

Oxygen Inhalation Therapy

Acid-Base Equilibrium

Anoxia

Hair Removal

Leg

Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation

Hyperventilation

Positive-Pressure Respiration

Respiratory Function Tests

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Prospective Studies

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Infant, Premature

Blood Chemical Analysis

Skin Physiological Phenomena

Hemodynamics

Hydrogen-Ion Concentration

Acid-Base Imbalance

Auscultation

Phonophoresis

Diabetic Foot

Respiratory Muscles

Amputation Stumps

Pain

Lung

Miniaturization

Respiratory Dead Space

Equipment Design