Blood cells. Medical search

The cells found in the body fluid circulating throughout the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.

Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing HEMOGLOBIN whose function is to transport OXYGEN.

The number of LEUKOCYTES and ERYTHROCYTES per unit volume in a sample of venous BLOOD. A complete blood count (CBC) also includes measurement of the HEMOGLOBIN; HEMATOCRIT; and ERYTHROCYTE INDICES.

The transfer of erythrocytes from a donor to a recipient or reinfusion to the donor.

The number of RED BLOOD CELLS per unit volume in a sample of venous BLOOD.

The semi-permeable outer structure of a red blood cell. It is known as a red cell 'ghost' after HEMOLYSIS.

Ability of ERYTHROCYTES to change shape as they pass through narrow spaces, such as the microvasculature.

The number of WHITE BLOOD CELLS per unit volume in venous BLOOD. A differential leukocyte count measures the relative numbers of the different types of white cells.

White blood cells. These include granular leukocytes (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS) as well as non-granular leukocytes (LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES).

The formation of clumps of RED BLOOD CELLS under low or non-flow conditions, resulting from the attraction forces between the red blood cells. The cells adhere to each other in rouleaux aggregates. Slight mechanical force, such as occurs in the circulation, is enough to disperse these aggregates. Stronger or weaker than normal aggregation may result from a variety of effects in the ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANE or in BLOOD PLASMA. The degree of aggregation is affected by ERYTHROCYTE DEFORMABILITY, erythrocyte membrane sialylation, masking of negative surface charge by plasma proteins, etc. BLOOD VISCOSITY and the ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE are affected by the amount of erythrocyte aggregation and are parameters used to measure the aggregation.

The oxygen-carrying proteins of ERYTHROCYTES. They are found in all vertebrates and some invertebrates. The number of globin subunits in the hemoglobin quaternary structure differs between species. Structures range from monomeric to a variety of multimeric arrangements.

The senescence of RED BLOOD CELLS. Lacking the organelles that make protein synthesis possible, the mature erythrocyte is incapable of self-repair, reproduction, and carrying out certain functions performed by other cells. This limits the average life span of an erythrocyte to 120 days.

The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.

The volume of packed RED BLOOD CELLS in a blood specimen. The volume is measured by centrifugation in a tube with graduated markings, or with automated blood cell counters. It is an indicator of erythrocyte status in disease. For example, ANEMIA shows a low value; POLYCYTHEMIA, a high value.

The process by which blood or its components are kept viable outside of the organism from which they are derived (i.e., kept from decay by means of a chemical agent, cooling, or a fluid substitute that mimics the natural state within the organism).

Volume of circulating ERYTHROCYTES . It is usually measured by RADIOISOTOPE DILUTION TECHNIQUE.

ERYTHROCYTE size and HEMOGLOBIN content or concentration, usually derived from ERYTHROCYTE COUNT; BLOOD hemoglobin concentration; and HEMATOCRIT. The indices include the mean corpuscular volume (MCV), the mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC).

RED BLOOD CELL sensitivity to change in OSMOTIC PRESSURE. When exposed to a hypotonic concentration of sodium in a solution, red cells take in more water, swell until the capacity of the cell membrane is exceeded, and burst.

Blood of the fetus. Exchange of nutrients and waste between the fetal and maternal blood occurs via the PLACENTA. The cord blood is blood contained in the umbilical vessels (UMBILICAL CORD) at the time of delivery.

The development and formation of various types of BLOOD CELLS. Hematopoiesis can take place in the BONE MARROW (medullary) or outside the bone marrow (HEMATOPOIESIS, EXTRAMEDULLARY).

The introduction of whole blood or blood component directly into the blood stream. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Progenitor cells from which all blood cells derive.

A disease characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia, episodic painful crises, and pathologic involvement of many organs. It is the clinical expression of homozygosity for hemoglobin S.

The internal resistance of the BLOOD to shear forces. The in vitro measure of whole blood viscosity is of limited clinical utility because it bears little relationship to the actual viscosity within the circulation, but an increase in the viscosity of circulating blood can contribute to morbidity in patients suffering from disorders such as SICKLE CELL ANEMIA and POLYCYTHEMIA.

The production of red blood cells (ERYTHROCYTES). In humans, erythrocytes are produced by the YOLK SAC in the first trimester; by the liver in the second trimester; by the BONE MARROW in the third trimester and after birth. In normal individuals, the erythrocyte count in the peripheral blood remains relatively constant implying a balance between the rate of erythrocyte production and rate of destruction.

A major integral transmembrane protein of the ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANE. It is the anion exchanger responsible for electroneutral transporting in CHLORIDE IONS in exchange of BICARBONATE IONS allowing CO2 uptake and transport from tissues to lungs by the red blood cells. Genetic mutations that result in a loss of the protein function have been associated with type 4 HEREDITARY SPHEROCYTOSIS.

Tests used in the analysis of the hemic system.

A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Any blood or formed element especially in invertebrates.

The deformation and flow behavior of BLOOD and its elements i.e., PLASMA; ERYTHROCYTES; WHITE BLOOD CELLS; and BLOOD PLATELETS.

A condition of inadequate circulating red blood cells (ANEMIA) or insufficient HEMOGLOBIN due to premature destruction of red blood cells (ERYTHROCYTES).

A species of protozoa that is the causal agent of falciparum malaria (MALARIA, FALCIPARUM). It is most prevalent in the tropics and subtropics.

White blood cells formed in the body's lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin while the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. Most lymphocytes can be classified as either T or B (with subpopulations of each), or NATURAL KILLER CELLS.

The number of RETICULOCYTES per unit volume of BLOOD. The values are expressed as a percentage of the ERYTHROCYTE COUNT or in the form of an index ("corrected reticulocyte index"), which attempts to account for the number of circulating erythrocytes.

The transfer of blood components such as erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, and plasma from a donor to a recipient or back to the donor. This process differs from the procedures undertaken in PLASMAPHERESIS and types of CYTAPHERESIS; (PLATELETPHERESIS and LEUKAPHERESIS) where, following the removal of plasma or the specific cell components, the remainder is transfused back to the donor.

An encapsulated lymphatic organ through which venous blood filters.

Erythrocyte isoantigens of the Rh (Rhesus) blood group system, the most complex of all human blood groups. The major antigen Rh or D is the most common cause of erythroblastosis fetalis.

The residual portion of BLOOD that is left after removal of BLOOD CELLS by CENTRIFUGATION without prior BLOOD COAGULATION.

Non-nucleated disk-shaped cells formed in the megakaryocyte and found in the blood of all mammals. They are mainly involved in blood coagulation.

Testing erythrocytes to determine presence or absence of blood-group antigens, testing of serum to determine the presence or absence of antibodies to these antigens, and selecting biocompatible blood by crossmatching samples from the donor against samples from the recipient. Crossmatching is performed prior to transfusion.

Mature LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES transported by the blood to the body's extravascular space. They are morphologically distinguishable from mature granulocytic leukocytes by their large, non-lobed nuclei and lack of coarse, heavily stained cytoplasmic granules.

A group of familial congenital hemolytic anemias characterized by numerous abnormally shaped erythrocytes which are generally spheroidal. The erythrocytes have increased osmotic fragility and are abnormally permeable to sodium ions.

The number of PLATELETS per unit volume in a sample of venous BLOOD.

The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, atomic number 43, and atomic weight 98.91. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years.

Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.

Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.

The major sialoglycoprotein of the human erythrocyte membrane. It consists of at least two sialoglycopeptides and is composed of 60% carbohydrate including sialic acid and 40% protein. It is involved in a number of different biological activities including the binding of MN blood groups, influenza viruses, kidney bean phytohemagglutinin, and wheat germ agglutinin.

Leukocytes with abundant granules in the cytoplasm. They are divided into three groups according to the staining properties of the granules: neutrophilic, eosinophilic, and basophilic. Mature granulocytes are the NEUTROPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and BASOPHILS.

The soft tissue filling the cavities of bones. Bone marrow exists in two types, yellow and red. Yellow marrow is found in the large cavities of large bones and consists mostly of fat cells and a few primitive blood cells. Red marrow is a hematopoietic tissue and is the site of production of erythrocytes and granular leukocytes. Bone marrow is made up of a framework of connective tissue containing branching fibers with the frame being filled with marrow cells.

The study of the deformation and flow of matter, usually liquids or fluids, and of the plastic flow of solids. The concept covers consistency, dilatancy, liquefaction, resistance to flow, shearing, thixotrophy, and VISCOSITY.

Substances that are used in place of blood, for example, as an alternative to BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS after blood loss to restore BLOOD VOLUME and oxygen-carrying capacity to the blood circulation, or to perfuse isolated organs.

A transient increase in the number of leukocytes in a body fluid.

Proteins that are present in blood serum, including SERUM ALBUMIN; BLOOD COAGULATION FACTORS; and many other types of proteins.

Any of the ruminant mammals with curved horns in the genus Ovis, family Bovidae. They possess lachrymal grooves and interdigital glands, which are absent in GOATS.

The in vitro formation of clusters consisting of a cell (usually a lymphocyte) surrounded by antigenic cells or antigen-bearing particles (usually erythrocytes, which may or may not be coated with antibody or antibody and complement). The rosette-forming cell may be an antibody-forming cell, a memory cell, a T-cell, a cell bearing surface cytophilic antibodies, or a monocyte possessing Fc receptors. Rosette formation can be used to identify specific populations of these cells.

A highly anionic organic phosphate which is present in human red blood cells at about the same molar ratio as hemoglobin. It binds to deoxyhemoglobin but not the oxygenated form, therefore diminishing the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin. This is essential in enabling hemoglobin to unload oxygen in tissue capillaries. It is also an intermediate in the conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate by phosphoglycerate mutase (EC 5.4.2.1). (From Stryer Biochemistry, 4th ed, p160; Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p508)

Glycoproteins found on immature hematopoietic cells and endothelial cells. They are the only molecules to date whose expression within the blood system is restricted to a small number of progenitor cells in the bone marrow.

Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.

The circulation of the BLOOD through the MICROVASCULAR NETWORK.

A method to identify and enumerate cells that are synthesizing ANTIBODIES against ANTIGENS or HAPTENS conjugated to sheep RED BLOOD CELLS. The sheep red blood cells surrounding cells secreting antibody are lysed by added COMPLEMENT producing a clear zone of HEMOLYSIS. (From Illustrated Dictionary of Immunology, 3rd ed)

Sets of cell surface antigens located on BLOOD CELLS. They are usually membrane GLYCOPROTEINS or GLYCOLIPIDS that are antigenically distinguished by their carbohydrate moieties.

Abnormal intracellular inclusions, composed of denatured hemoglobin, found on the membrane of red blood cells. They are seen in thalassemias, enzymopathies, hemoglobinopathies, and after splenectomy.

A subspecialty of internal medicine concerned with morphology, physiology, and pathology of the blood and blood-forming tissues.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

An abnormal hemoglobin resulting from the substitution of valine for glutamic acid at position 6 of the beta chain of the globin moiety. The heterozygous state results in sickle cell trait, the homozygous in sickle cell anemia.

Granular leukocytes having a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes.

The cells in the erythroid series derived from MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS or from the bi-potential MEGAKARYOCYTE-ERYTHROID PROGENITOR CELLS which eventually give rise to mature RED BLOOD CELLS. The erythroid progenitor cells develop in two phases: erythroid burst-forming units (BFU-E) followed by erythroid colony-forming units (CFU-E); BFU-E differentiate into CFU-E on stimulation by ERYTHROPOIETIN, and then further differentiate into ERYTHROBLASTS when stimulated by other factors.

The aggregation of ERYTHROCYTES by AGGLUTININS, including antibodies, lectins, and viral proteins (HEMAGGLUTINATION, VIRAL).

Immature ERYTHROCYTES. In humans, these are ERYTHROID CELLS that have just undergone extrusion of their CELL NUCLEUS. They still contain some organelles that gradually decrease in number as the cells mature. RIBOSOMES are last to disappear. Certain staining techniques cause components of the ribosomes to precipitate into characteristic "reticulum" (not the same as the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM), hence the name reticulocytes.

Immature, nucleated ERYTHROCYTES occupying the stage of ERYTHROPOIESIS that follows formation of ERYTHROID PRECURSOR CELLS and precedes formation of RETICULOCYTES. The normal series is called normoblasts. Cells called MEGALOBLASTS are a pathologic series of erythroblasts.

An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.

Cells contained in the bone marrow including fat cells (see ADIPOCYTES); STROMAL CELLS; MEGAKARYOCYTES; and the immediate precursors of most blood cells.

The production of ANTIBODIES by proliferating and differentiated B-LYMPHOCYTES under stimulation by ANTIGENS.

The major human blood type system which depends on the presence or absence of two antigens A and B. Type O occurs when neither A nor B is present and AB when both are present. A and B are genetic factors that determine the presence of enzymes for the synthesis of certain glycoproteins mainly in the red cell membrane.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Sensitive tests to measure certain antigens, antibodies, or viruses, using their ability to agglutinate certain erythrocytes. (From Stedman, 26th ed)

Reinfusion of blood or blood products derived from the patient's own circulation. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Poly or pyrophosphates of tin. In conjunction with radioactive technetium these compounds are used as bone-scanning agents and in scintigraphy to diagnose myocardial and cerebral infarction.

Acquired hemolytic anemia due to the presence of AUTOANTIBODIES which agglutinate or lyse the patient's own RED BLOOD CELLS.

A high molecular weight (220-250 kDa) water-soluble protein which can be extracted from erythrocyte ghosts in low ionic strength buffers. The protein contains no lipids or carbohydrates, is the predominant species of peripheral erythrocyte membrane proteins, and exists as a fibrous coating on the inner, cytoplasmic surface of the membrane.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte that plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Adherence of cells to surfaces or to other cells.

Large, phagocytic mononuclear leukocytes produced in the vertebrate BONE MARROW and released into the BLOOD; contain a large, oval or somewhat indented nucleus surrounded by voluminous cytoplasm and numerous organelles.

Antibodies from an individual that react with ISOANTIGENS of another individual of the same species.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

The mildest form of erythroblastosis fetalis in which anemia is the chief manifestation.

Diazo derivatives of aniline, used as a reagent for sugars, ketones, and aldehydes. (Dorland, 28th ed)

The removal of LEUKOCYTES from BLOOD to reduce BLOOD TRANSFUSION reactions and lower the chance of transmitting VIRUSES. This may be performed by FILTRATION or by CYTAPHERESIS.

The minute vessels that connect the arterioles and venules.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

A metallic element with atomic symbol Fe, atomic number 26, and atomic weight 55.85. It is an essential constituent of HEMOGLOBINS; CYTOCHROMES; and IRON-BINDING PROTEINS. It plays a role in cellular redox reactions and in the transport of OXYGEN.

A disorder characterized by reduced synthesis of the beta chains of hemoglobin. There is retardation of hemoglobin A synthesis in the heterozygous form (thalassemia minor), which is asymptomatic, while in the homozygous form (thalassemia major, Cooley's anemia, Mediterranean anemia, erythroblastic anemia), which can result in severe complications and even death, hemoglobin A synthesis is absent.

The engulfing and degradation of microorganisms; other cells that are dead, dying, or pathogenic; and foreign particles by phagocytic cells (PHAGOCYTES).

A condition characterized by the recurrence of HEMOGLOBINURIA caused by intravascular HEMOLYSIS. In cases occurring upon cold exposure (paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria), usually after infections, there is a circulating antibody which is also a cold hemolysin. In cases occurring during or after sleep (paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria), the clonal hematopoietic stem cells exhibit a global deficiency of cell membrane proteins.

Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.

A quality of cell membranes which permits the passage of solvents and solutes into and out of cells.

A value equal to the total volume flow divided by the cross-sectional area of the vascular bed.

An examination of chemicals in the blood.

The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.

Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.

A member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23.

The blood-making organs and tissues, principally the bone marrow and lymph nodes.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

A cytologic technique for measuring the functional capacity of stem cells by assaying their activity.

The minute vessels that collect blood from the capillary plexuses and join together to form veins.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

An infant during the first month after birth.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

A disease-producing enzyme deficiency subject to many variants, some of which cause a deficiency of GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE activity in erythrocytes, leading to hemolytic anemia.

Differentiation antigens residing on mammalian leukocytes. CD stands for cluster of differentiation, which refers to groups of monoclonal antibodies that show similar reactivity with certain subpopulations of antigens of a particular lineage or differentiation stage. The subpopulations of antigens are also known by the same CD designation.

A test to detect non-agglutinating ANTIBODIES against ERYTHROCYTES by use of anti-antibodies (the Coombs' reagent.) The direct test is applied to freshly drawn blood to detect antibody bound to circulating red cells. The indirect test is applied to serum to detect the presence of antibodies that can bind to red blood cells.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

The quantity of volume or surface area of CELLS.

Transfer of HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS from BONE MARROW or BLOOD between individuals within the same species (TRANSPLANTATION, HOMOLOGOUS) or transfer within the same individual (TRANSPLANTATION, AUTOLOGOUS). Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has been used as an alternative to BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION in the treatment of a variety of neoplasms.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

Surgical procedure involving either partial or entire removal of the spleen.

A glycoprotein of MW 25 kDa containing internal disulfide bonds. It induces the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of neutrophilic granulocyte precursor cells and functionally activates mature blood neutrophils. Among the family of colony-stimulating factors, G-CSF is the most potent inducer of terminal differentiation to granulocytes and macrophages of leukemic myeloid cell lines.

Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues.

The developmental history of specific differentiated cell types as traced back to the original STEM CELLS in the embryo.

A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)

Lymphoid cells concerned with humoral immunity. They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived lymphocytes of birds in their production of immunoglobulin upon appropriate stimulation.

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

Inorganic compounds derived from hydrochloric acid that contain the Cl- ion.

A plasma protein that circulates in increased amounts during inflammation and after tissue damage.

The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

The transfer of blood platelets from a donor to a recipient or reinfusion to the donor.

The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.

The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

Stable chromium atoms that have the same atomic number as the element chromium, but differ in atomic weight. Cr-50, 53, and 54 are stable chromium isotopes.

Large, hoofed mammals of the family EQUIDAE. Horses are active day and night with most of the day spent seeking and consuming food. Feeding peaks occur in the early morning and late afternoon, and there are several daily periods of rest.

A member of the vitamin B family that stimulates the hematopoietic system. It is present in the liver and kidney and is found in mushrooms, spinach, yeast, green leaves, and grasses (POACEAE). Folic acid is used in the treatment and prevention of folate deficiencies and megaloblastic anemia.

Centers for collecting, characterizing and storing human blood.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Derivatives of phosphatidic acids in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a serine moiety. Complete hydrolysis yields 1 mole of glycerol, phosphoric acid and serine and 2 moles of fatty acids.

A condition characterized by the abnormal presence of ERYTHROBLASTS in the circulation of the FETUS or NEWBORNS. It is a disorder due to BLOOD GROUP INCOMPATIBILITY, such as the maternal alloimmunization by fetal antigen RH FACTORS leading to HEMOLYSIS of ERYTHROCYTES, hemolytic anemia (ANEMIA, HEMOLYTIC), general edema (HYDROPS FETALIS), and SEVERE JAUNDICE IN NEWBORN.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Repetitive withdrawal of small amounts of blood and replacement with donor blood until a large proportion of the blood volume has been exchanged. Used in treatment of fetal erythroblastosis, hepatic coma, sickle cell anemia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, septicemia, burns, thrombotic thrombopenic purpura, and fulminant malaria.

A blood group consisting mainly of the antigens Fy(a) and Fy(b), determined by allelic genes, the frequency of which varies profoundly in different human groups; amorphic genes are common.

Reduction of blood viscosity usually by the addition of cell free solutions. Used clinically (1) in states of impaired microcirculation, (2) for replacement of intraoperative blood loss without homologous blood transfusion, and (3) in cardiopulmonary bypass and hypothermia.

Loss of blood during a surgical procedure.

The transference of BONE MARROW from one human or animal to another for a variety of purposes including HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION or MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION.

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

An intrinsic defect of erythrocytes inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. The erythrocytes assume an oval or elliptical shape.

A group of hereditary hemolytic anemias in which there is decreased synthesis of one or more hemoglobin polypeptide chains. There are several genetic types with clinical pictures ranging from barely detectable hematologic abnormality to severe and fatal anemia.

A compound formed by the combination of hemoglobin and oxygen. It is a complex in which the oxygen is bound directly to the iron without causing a change from the ferrous to the ferric state.

An antigenic mismatch between donor and recipient blood. Antibodies present in the recipient's serum may be directed against antigens in the donor product. Such a mismatch may result in a transfusion reaction in which, for example, donor blood is hemolyzed. (From Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984).

The preparation of leukocyte concentrates with the return of red cells and leukocyte-poor plasma to the donor.

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

Microscopy in which television cameras are used to brighten magnified images that are otherwise too dark to be seen with the naked eye. It is used frequently in TELEPATHOLOGY.

Proteins found in any species of protozoan.

The body fluid that circulates in the vascular system (BLOOD VESSELS). Whole blood includes PLASMA and BLOOD CELLS.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Anemia characterized by larger than normal erythrocytes, increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH).

Multinucleate cells or a stage in the development of sporozoan protozoa. It is exemplified by the life cycle of PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM in the MALARIA infection cycle.

A complex blood group system having pairs of alternate antigens and amorphic genes, but also subject to a dominant independently segregating repressor.

Microscopy in which the object is examined directly by an electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point. The image is constructed by detecting the products of specimen interactions that are projected above the plane of the sample, such as backscattered electrons. Although SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY also scans the specimen point by point with the electron beam, the image is constructed by detecting the electrons, or their interaction products that are transmitted through the sample plane, so that is a form of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.

Uninuclear cells or a stage in the life cycle of sporozoan protozoa. Merozoites, released from ruptured multinucleate SCHIZONTS, enter the blood stream and infect the ERYTHROCYTES.

Transplantation of STEM CELLS collected from the fetal blood remaining in the UMBILICAL CORD and the PLACENTA after delivery. Included are the HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

Microdevices that combine microfluidics technology with electrical and/or mechanical functions for analyzing very small fluid volumes. They consist of microchannels etched into substrates made of silicon, glass, or polymer using processes similar to photolithography. The test fluids in the channels can then interact with different elements such as electrodes, photodetectors, chemical sensors, pumps, and valves.

A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.

Disease having a short and relatively severe course.

Techniques for labeling a substance with a stable or radioactive isotope. It is not used for articles involving labeled substances unless the methods of labeling are substantively discussed. Tracers that may be labeled include chemical substances, cells, or microorganisms.

An antiseptic with mild fungistatic, bacteriostatic, anthelmintic, and amebicidal action. It is also used as a reagent and metal chelator, as a carrier for radio-indium for diagnostic purposes, and its halogenated derivatives are used in addition as topical anti-infective agents and oral antiamebics.

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.

A tripeptide with many roles in cells. It conjugates to drugs to make them more soluble for excretion, is a cofactor for some enzymes, is involved in protein disulfide bond rearrangement and reduces peroxides.

GPI-linked membrane proteins broadly distributed among hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. CD55 prevents the assembly of C3 CONVERTASE or accelerates the disassembly of preformed convertase, thus blocking the formation of the membrane attack complex.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

The study of fluid channels and chambers of tiny dimensions of tens to hundreds of micrometers and volumes of nanoliters or picoliters. This is of interest in biological MICROCIRCULATION and used in MICROCHEMISTRY and INVESTIGATIVE TECHNIQUES.

The relationship between an invertebrate and another organism (the host), one of which lives at the expense of the other. Traditionally excluded from definition of parasites are pathogenic BACTERIA; FUNGI; VIRUSES; and PLANTS; though they may live parasitically.

Hemolytic anemia due to the ingestion of fava beans or after inhalation of pollen from the Vicia fava plant by persons with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient erythrocytes.

A disorder characterized by reduced synthesis of the alpha chains of hemoglobin. The severity of this condition can vary from mild anemia to death, depending on the number of genes deleted.

The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)

The formation and development of blood cells outside the BONE MARROW, as in the SPLEEN; LIVER; or LYMPH NODES.

The presence of parasites (especially malarial parasites) in the blood. (Dorland, 27th ed)

A disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in favor of the former, leading to potential damage. Indicators of oxidative stress include damaged DNA bases, protein oxidation products, and lipid peroxidation products (Sies, Oxidative Stress, 1991, pxv-xvi).

Normal adult human hemoglobin. The globin moiety consists of two alpha and two beta chains.

A subphylum of chordates intermediate between the invertebrates and the true vertebrates. It includes the Ascidians.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

The resistance that a gaseous or liquid system offers to flow when it is subjected to shear stress. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.

The number of CELLS of a specific kind, usually measured per unit volume or area of sample.

Various fish of the family SALMONIDAE, usually smaller than salmon. They are mostly restricted to cool clear freshwater. Some are anadromous. They are highly regarded for their handsome colors, rich well-flavored flesh, and gameness as an angling fish. The genera Salvelinus, Salmo, and ONCORHYNCHUS have been introduced virtually throughout the world.

The taking of a blood sample to determine its character as a whole, to identify levels of its component cells, chemicals, gases, or other constituents, to perform pathological examination, etc.

The products of chemical reactions that result in the addition of extraneous chemical groups to DNA.

An inhibitor of anion conductance including band 3-mediated anion transport.

Profound variation in dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity in human blood cells: major implications for the detection of partly deficient patients. (1/1434)

Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is responsible for the breakdown of the widely used antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil (5FU), thereby limiting the efficacy of the therapy. To identify patients suffering from a complete or partial DPD deficiency, the activity of DPD is usually determined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM cells). In this study, we demonstrated that the highest activity of DPD was found in monocytes followed by that of lymphocytes, granulocytes and platelets, whereas no significant activity of DPD could be detected in erythrocytes. The activity of DPD in PBM cells proved to be intermediate compared with the DPD activity observed in monocytes and lymphocytes. The mean percentage of monocytes in the PBM cells obtained from cancer patients proved to be significantly higher than that observed in PBM cells obtained from healthy volunteers. Moreover, a profound positive correlation was observed between the DPD activity of PBM cells and the percentage of monocytes, thus introducing a large inter- and intrapatient variability in the activity of DPD and hindering the detection of patients with a partial DPD deficiency. (+info)

Interaction of Borrelia burgdorferi with peripheral blood fibrocytes, antigen-presenting cells with the potential for connective tissue targeting. (2/1434)

BACKGROUND: Borrelia Burgdorferi has a predilection for collagenous tissue and can interact with fibronectin and cellular collagens. While the molecular mechanisms of how B. burgdorferi targets connective tissues and causes arthritis are not understood, the spirochetes can bind to a number of different cell types, including fibroblasts. A novel circulating fibroblast-like cell called the peripheral blood fibrocyte has recently been described. Fibrocytes express collagen types I and III as well as fibronectin. Besides playing a role in wound healing, fibrocytes have the potential to target to connective tissue and the functional capacity to recruit, activate, and present antigen to CD4(+) T cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rhesus monkey fibrocytes were isolated and characterized by flow cytometry. B. burgdorferi were incubated with human or monkey fibrocyte cultures in vitro and the cellular interactions analyzed by light and electron microscopy. The two strains of B. burgdorferi studied included JD1, which is highly pathogenic for monkeys, and M297, which lacks the cell surface OspA and OspB proteins. RESULTS: In this study, we demonstrate that B. burgdorferi binds to both human and monkey (rhesus) fibrocytes in vitro. This process does not require OspA or OspB. In addition, the spirochetes are not phagocytosed but are taken into deep recesses of the cell membrane, a process that may protect them from the immune system. CONCLUSIONS: This interaction between B. burgdorferi and peripheral blood fibrocytes provides a potential explanation for the targeting of spirochetes to joint connective tissue and may contribute to the inflammatory process in Lyme arthritis. (+info)

Quantification of T-cell progenitors during ontogeny: thymus colonization depends on blood delivery of progenitors. (3/1434)

An in vivo thymus reconstitution assay based on intrathymic injection of hematopoietic progenitors into irradiated chicks was used to determine the number of T-cell progenitors in peripheral blood, paraaortic foci, bone marrow (BM), and spleen during ontogeny. This study allowed us to analyze the regulation of thymus colonization occurring in three waves during embryogenesis. It confirmed that progenitors of the first wave of thymus colonization originate from the paraaortic foci, whereas progenitors of the second and the third waves originate from the BM. The analysis of the number of T-cell progenitors indicates that each wave of thymus colonization is correlated with a peak number of T-cell progenitors in peripheral blood, whereas they are almost absent during the periods defined as refractory for colonization. Moreover, injection of T-cell progenitors into the blood circulation showed that they homed into the thymus without delay during the refractory periods. Thus, thymus colonization kinetics depend mainly on the blood delivery of T-cell progenitors during embryogenesis. (+info)

Expression of IkappaBalpha in the nucleus of human peripheral blood T lymphocytes. (4/1434)

According to current models the inhibitory capacity of I(kappa)B(alpha) would be mediated through the retention of Rel/NF-kappaB proteins in the cytosol. However, I(kappa)B(alpha) has also been detected in the nucleus of cell lines and when overexpressed by transient transfection. To gain better insight into the potential role of nuclear I(kappa)B(alpha) in a physiological context we have analysed its presence in the nucleus of human peripheral blood T lymphocytes (PBL). We demonstrate the nuclear localization of I(kappa)B(alpha) in PBL by different techniques: Western blot, indirect immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. Low levels of nuclear I(kappa)B(alpha) were detected in resting cells whereas a superinduction was obtained after PMA activation. The nuclear pool of I(kappa)B(alpha) showed a higher stability than cytosolic I(kappa)B(alpha) and was partially independent of the resynthesis of the protein. Unexpectedly, the presence of nuclear I(kappa)B(alpha) did not inhibit NF-kappaB binding to DNA and this phenomenon was not due to the presence of IkappaBbeta at the nuclear level. Immunoprecipitation experiments failed to demonstrate an association between nuclear I(kappa)B(alpha) and NF-kappaB proteins. Our results demonstrate that in resting and PMA-activated human PBL, I(kappa)B(alpha) is present in the nucleus in an apparently inactive form unable to disrupt NF-kappaB binding from DNA. (+info)

Sensitive detection of squamous cells in bone marrow and blood of head and neck cancer patients by E48 reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. (5/1434)

In previous studies, we described the selective reactivity of monoclonal antibody E48 with normal squamous and transitional epithelia and their malignant counterparts and the capacity of monoclonal antibody E48 for selective tumor targeting in head and neck cancer patients. Cloning of the E48 encoding cDNA and elucidation of the gene structure enabled the selection of an intron-spanning primer set for the detection of circulating tumor cells in blood and bone marrow of head and neck cancer patients. Extensive optimizations led to a reproducible reverse transcriptase-PCR assay with an internal standard for RNA quality control and an external standard for sensitivity control. In reconstruction experiments, we were able to reach a reproducible sensitivity of one single tumor cell per 7 ml of blood (2 x 10(7) nucleated cells). When applying this method to patient material, we were able to detect positive signal in 35% of the bone marrow samples (0 of 2 stage II, 0 of 4 stage III, 4 of 11 stage IV, and 4 of 6 recurrences) and 10% of the blood samples (2 of 21) of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. The specificity of the method was demonstrated on 29 blood and bone marrow samples of noncancer controls, which were all negative. Our study shows the feasibility of E48 reverse transcriptase-PCR for the detection of squamous cells in nonsquamous tissues. (+info)

Bacterial peptidoglycan polysaccharides in sterile human spleen induce proinflammatory cytokine production by human blood cells. (6/1434)

Peptidoglycan (PG) is the major component of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria. In vitro, PG isolated from conventional bacterial cultures can induce secretion of proinflammatory cytokines by human monocytes, indicating that PG may be involved in immune responses against infections by gram-positive bacteria. To investigate the biologic activity of PG in human tissues, an improved method was developed to isolate significant amounts of PG from sterile human spleen tissue. Biochemical analysis demonstrated that PG isolated from human spleen is largely intact. Human whole blood cell cultures were able to produce the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 and -6 after stimulation with PG isolated from human spleen. Cytokine induction was not sensitive to inhibition by polymyxin B, in contrast to lipopolysaccharide. Collectively, the data show that intact PG in sterile human tissue is biologically active and may induce local proinflammatory cytokine production. (+info)

Selective tetraspan-integrin complexes (CD81/alpha4beta1, CD151/alpha3beta1, CD151/alpha6beta1) under conditions disrupting tetraspan interactions. (7/1434)

The tetraspans are molecules with four transmembrane domains which are engaged in multimolecular complexes (the tetraspan web) containing a subset of beta1 integrins (in particular alpha3beta1, alpha4beta1 and alpha6beta1), MHC antigens and several unidentified molecules. The molecules associated with tetraspans are readily detected after immunoprecipitation performed in mild detergents such as Brij 97 or CHAPS. In this study we show that another classical mild detergent, digitonin, dissociated most of these associated molecules, including integrins, from the tetraspans CD9, CD37, CD53, CD63, CD82, Co-029, Talla-1 and NAG-2. In contrast, reciprocal immunoprecipitations from various cell lines demonstrated that two other tetraspans, CD81 and CD151, formed complexes with integrins not disrupted by digitonin. These complexes were CD81/alpha4beta1, CD151/alpha3beta1 and CD151/alpha6beta1. Furthermore, a new anti-CD151 monoclonal antibody (mAb), TS151r, was shown to have a restricted pattern of expression, inversely related to the sum of the levels of expression of alpha6beta1 and alpha3beta1. This mAb was unable to co-precipitate integrins in digitonin, suggesting that its epitope is blocked by the association with integrins. Indeed, the binding of TS151r to the cell surface was quantitatively diminished following alpha3beta1 overexpression. Altogether, these data suggest that, among tetraspans, CD81 interacts directly with the integrin alpha4beta1, and CD151 interacts directly with integrins alpha3beta1 and alpha6beta1. Because all tetraspan-tetraspan associations are disrupted by digitonin, it is likely that the other tetraspans interact indirectly with integrins, through interactions with CD81 or CD151. (+info)

Mouse NKR-P1B, a novel NK1.1 antigen with inhibitory function. (8/1434)

The mouse NK1.1 Ag originally defined as NK cell receptor (NKR)-P1C (CD161) mediates NK cell activation. Here, we show that another member of the mouse CD161 family, NKR-P1B, represents a novel NK1.1 Ag. In contrast to NKR-P1C, which functions as an activating receptor, NKR-P1B inhibits NK cell activation. Association of NKR-P1B with Src homology 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-1 provides a molecular mechanism for this inhibition. The existence of these two NK1.1 Ags with opposite functions suggests a potential role for NKR-P1 molecules, such as those of the Ly-49 gene family, in regulating NK cell function. (+info)

One can see red blood cells, several knobby white blood cells including lymphocytes, a monocyte, a neutrophil, and many small ... Rather, NK cells destroy compromised host cells, such as tumor cells or virus-infected cells, recognizing such cells by a ... Mast cells[edit]. Main article: Mast cell. Mast cells are a type of innate immune cell that reside in connective tissue and in ... Natural killer cells[edit]. Main article: Natural killer cell. Natural killer cells (NK cells) are a component of the innate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innate_immune_system

This in turn affects the mechanics of the whole blood.[4] Red blood cells[edit]. The red blood cell is highly flexible and ... Red cell mass.. RCMH. Cell Mass Available For Transfusion after ANH. RCMI. Red Cell Mass Saved by ANH. SBL. Surgical Blood Loss ... Blood[edit]. Main article: Blood. Blood is a complex liquid. Blood is composed of plasma and formed elements. The plasma ... Deformation in red blood cells is induced by shear stress. When a suspension is sheared, the red blood cells deform and spin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haemodynamics

Red blood cells[edit]. Fetus produces megaloblastic red blood cells early in development, which become normoblastic near term. ... This process is called differentiation, which produces the varied cell types (such as blood cells, kidney cells, and nerve ... White blood cells[edit]. Fetus starts producing leukocytes at 2 months gestation mainly from thymus and spleen. Lymphocytes ... Plasma cells are derived from B lymphocytes and their life in fetal blood is 0.5 to 2 days. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perinatal

All white blood cells have nuclei, which distinguishes them from the other blood cells, the anucleated red blood cells (RBCs) ... T cells: *CD4+ helper T cells: T cells displaying co-receptor CD4 are known as CD4+ T cells. These cells have T-cell receptors ... this is usually expressed as 4,000 to 11,000 white blood cells per microliter of blood.[3] White blood cells make up ... All white blood cells are produced and derived from multipotent cells in the bone marrow known as hematopoietic stem cells. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leukocytes

"Blood Cells Mol. Dis. 39 (3): 336-9. doi:10.1016/j.bcmd.2007.06.009. PMC 2387274. PMID 17698380.. ... doi:10.1182/blood-2005-04-1674. PMC 1895241. PMID 16081688.. *. Schroeder T, Czibere A, Zohren F, et al. (2009). "Meningioma 1 ... doi:10.1182/blood-2005-04-1679. PMC 1895240. PMID 16105979.. *. Kandilci A, Grosveld GC (2009). "Reintroduction of CEBPA in MN1 ... doi:10.1182/blood-2009-02-205443. PMC 2731639. PMID 19561324.. *. Trynka G, Zhernakova A, Romanos J, et al. (2009). "Coeliac ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MN1_

Abnormal clinical and laboratory findings for blood tests (R70-R79, 790). Red blood cells. ... This article about a disease of the blood or immune system is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.. *v ... Hypoproteinemia is a condition where there is an abnormally low level of protein in the blood. There are several causes that ... Decreased serum protein reduces the osmotic pressure of the blood, leading to loss of fluid from the intravascular compartment ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoproteinemia

Abnormal clinical and laboratory findings for blood tests (R70-R79, 790). Red blood cells. ... Hyperuricemia can be detected using blood and urine tests. Treatment[edit]. Precipitation of uric acid crystals, and conversely ... Hyperuricemia is an abnormally high level of uric acid in the blood. In the pH conditions of body fluid, uric acid exists ... Maintaining a lower blood concentration of uric acid similarly should reduce the formation of new crystals. If the person has ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperuricemia

Abnormal clinical and laboratory findings for blood tests (R70-R79, 790). Red blood cells. ... Fungemia or fungaemia is the presence of fungi or yeasts in the blood. The most common type, also known as candidemia, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungemia

2002). "Molecular and functional roles of duodenal cytochrome B (Dcytb) in iron metabolism". Blood Cells Mol. Dis. 29 (3): 356- ... The duodenum wall is composed of a very thin layer of cells that form the muscularis mucosae. The duodenum is almost entirely ... About 20,000 protein coding genes are expressed in human cells and 70 % of these genes are expressed in the normal duodenum. ... Secretin and cholecystokinin are released from cells in the duodenal epithelium in response to acidic and fatty stimuli present ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duodenum

red blood cells Giemsa-stained thin blood smear New England (different species have worldwide distribution) tick bites, e.g. ... Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma. Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type. MCPyV Merkel-cell carcinoma. RNA virus. HCV ... red blood cells, liver blood film tropical - 250 million cases/year Anopheles mosquito ... brain and blood microscopic examination of chancre fluid, lymph node aspirates, blood, bone marrow 50,000 to 70,000 people; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_parasites_of_humans

White blood cells. *Eosinophiluria. Proteinuria. *Albuminuria/Microalbuminuria *Albumin/creatinine ratio. *Urine protein/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microalbuminuria

Abnormal clinical and laboratory findings for blood tests (R70-R79, 790). Red blood cells. ... However, if the liver is damaged, the liver cell (hepatocyte) membrane becomes more permeable and some of the enzymes leak out ... The concentrations of these transaminases in the serum (the non-cellular portion of blood) are normally low. ... liver injury from lack of blood flow, or injury from drugs or toxins. Most disease processes cause ALT to rise higher than AST ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elevated_transaminases

Abnormal clinical and laboratory findings for blood tests (R70-R79, 790). Red blood cells. ... Parasitemia is the quantitative content of parasites in the blood.[1] It is used as a measurement of parasite load in the ... In this technique, blood samples are obtained from the patient, and specific DNA of the parasite is extracted and amplified by ... For instance, in malaria, the number of blood-stage parasites can be counted using an optical microscope, on a special thick ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasitemia

Hisham S. Ibrahim, Gabriele Ruth Anisah Froemming, Effat Omar, and Harbindar Jeet Singh " Leptin increases blood pressure and ... Pre-malignant plasma cell dyscrasias: *Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance. *Smoldering multiple myeloma ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteinuria

Bode W (2007). "Structure and interaction modes of thrombin". Blood Cells, Molecules & Diseases. 36 (2): 122-30. doi:10.1016/j. ... In the blood coagulation pathway, thrombin acts to convert factor XI to XIa, VIII to VIIIa, V to Va, fibrinogen to fibrin, and ... Blood from a ruptured cerebral aneurysm clots around a cerebral artery, releasing thrombin. This can induce an acute and ... In human adults, the normal blood level of antithrombin activity has been measured to be around 1.1 units/mL. Newborn levels of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombin

doi:10.1182/blood-2004-11-4502. PMID 15692071.. *. Pietrangelo A (2004). "The ferroportin disease". Blood Cells, Molecules & ... It is also important to mention that, not only is ferroportin down-regulated in granulosa cells, but also in cervical cells of ... Blood Cells, Molecules & Diseases. 27 (5): 783-802. doi:10.1006/bcmd.2001.0445. PMID 11783942.. ... doi:10.1182/blood-2007-01-066068. PMC 1885502. PMID 17289807.. *^ Taniguchi R, Kato HE, Font J, Deshpande CN, Wada M, Ito K, et ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferroportin

... smooth muscle cells) and cells surrounding blood vessels (e.g. fibroblasts). This can change when the blood vessel is damaged ... Another cell type that expresses TF on the cell surface in inflammatory conditions is the monocyte (a white blood cell). ... Engelmann B (2007). "Initiation of coagulation by tissue factor carriers in blood". Blood Cells, Molecules & Diseases. 36 (2): ... The inner surface of the blood vessel consists of endothelial cells. Endothelial cells do not express TF except when they are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tissue_factor

... white blood cells where it mediates inflammatory responses cellular differentiation[61][62][63][64] and proliferation;[64][65] ... regulation of cell differentiation. • mesodermal cell fate determination. • negative regulation of heterotypic cell-cell ... "Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibroblasts by defined factors". Cell. 131 (5): 861-72. doi:10.1016/j.cell ... cell nucleus. Biological process. • negative regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production. • epidermal cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KLF4

Peripheral Blood Stem Cells (PBSC):[8] It is possible to collect stem cells from the peripheral blood rather than the bone ... This mobilizes stem cells to travel from the bone marrow into the circulating blood. The stem cells are collected through a ... The Collection Center primarily collects blood stem cells from donors for transplant into a patient. The stem cells are taken ... The Gift of Life Marrow Registry is a public bone marrow and blood stem cell registry headquartered in Boca Raton, Florida. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gift_of_Life_Marrow_Registry

Reference ranges for blood tests of white blood cells, comparing basophil amount (shown in violet) with other cells. ... This article is about a type of blood cell. For the endocrine cell of the anterior pituitary, see basophil cell. ... "Distinguishing mast cell and granulocyte differentiation at the single-cell level". Cell Stem Cell. 6 (4): 361-8. doi:10.1016/j ... Basophils are a type of white blood cell. Basophils are the least common of the granulocytes, representing about 0.5 to 1% of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basophil_granulocyte

A well-studied case is that of sickle cell anemia in humans, a hereditary disease that damages red blood cells. Sickle cell ... Sickle-shaped red blood cells. This non-lethal condition in heterozygotes is maintained by balancing selection in humans of ... In such individuals, the hemoglobin in red blood cells is extremely sensitive to oxygen deprivation, which results in shorter ... Sickle cell anemia. 2009. Encyclopædia Britannica. Chicago. *^ David Wool. 2006. The Driving Forces of Evolution: Genetic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balancing_selection

"Blood Cells". The Times. 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2020-04-08. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) "Ultan Conlon - The Golden ... Ken Loach historical drama Jimmy's Hall and his lead role in Luke Seomore and Joseph Bull's critically acclaimed Blood Cells. " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry_Ward_(actor)

An historical view". Blood Cells. 19 (1): 5-19. PMID 8400312. Ragot R. (1993). "Negative necrotaxis". Blood Cells. 19 (1): 81-8 ... Bessis, M. (1964). "Studies on cell agony and death: an attempt at classification.". In DeReuck, A.V.S.; Knight, J. (eds.). ... Model experiments of necrotaxis deal with special way of killing the target cells. For this purpose laser irradiation is used ... Investigations of necrotaxis proved that ability to sense substances released from dying cells is present in unicellular level ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necrotaxis

Pavlovsky, A (1977). "[Jean Bernard and Argentinian hematology]". Nouvelle revue française d'hématologie; blood cells. 18 (2): ... blood cells. 18 (2): 441-4. PMID 335357. Gaertner, H (1976). "[Professor Jean Bernard elected member of the Académie Francaise ... Golliet, P; Binet J L (1983). "[2 blood historians, or response of Lucien Lévy-Bruhl and Wifredo Lam to Jean Bernard]". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Bernard_(physician)

... diameter of the nucleus of a typical eukaryotic cell[citation needed] about 7 μm - diameter of human red blood cells 3-8 μm - ... mean width of quartz unit cell 820 pm - mean width of ice unit cell 900 pm - mean width of coesite unit cell To help compare ... "Blood cells". biosbcc.net. Archived from the original on 23 July 2016. Retrieved 19 July 2016. According to The Physics ... mean longest dimension of a human red blood cell[citation needed] 5-20 μm - dust mite excreta 10.6 μm - wavelength of light ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(length)

Blood Cells. 11 (1): 127-35. PMID 4074887. v t e. ... "CBC (Complete Blood Count), Blood". www.healthcare.uiowa.edu. ... is a machine-calculated measurement of the average size of platelets found in blood and is typically included in blood tests as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_platelet_volume

The place lacks red blood cells. Beyond the chambers there is no sign of the great contest of ideas for which a national ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_House,_Canberra

... a type of white blood cell. This production is tightly regulated and requires the activation of B cells by activated T cells ( ... Costimulation of B cell by activated T helper cell[edit]. For more details on activation of B cells, see B cell § Activation of ... Activation of the T helper cells by antigen-presenting cells.. *Costimulation of the B cell by activated T cell resulting in ... B cell and T cell mutually activate each other 5. B cells differentiate into plasma cells to produce soluble antibodies ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyclonal

On a stained blood smear, platelets appear as dark purple spots, about 20% the diameter of red blood cells. The smear is used ... Berridge, Michael J. (1 October 2014). "Module 11: Cell Stress, Inflammatory Responses and Cell Death". Cell Signalling Biology ... is to react to bleeding from blood vessel injury by clumping, thereby initiating a blood clot.[1] Platelets have no cell ... "Programmed anuclear cell death delimits platelet life span". Cell. 128 (6): 1173-86. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.01.037. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombocytopathy

Basophils are one of the least abundant cells in bone marrow and blood (occurring at less than two percent of all cells). Like ... they regulate other immune cell functions (e.g., CD4+ T cell, dendritic cell, B cell, mast cell, neutrophil, and basophil ... Mast cells[edit]. See article: Mast cell. Mast cells are a type of granulocyte that are present in tissues;[3] they mediate ... White blood cell. References[edit]. *^ WebMD (2009). "granulocyte". Webster's New World Medical Dictionary (3rd ed.). Houghton ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granulocytopenia

6,258,540, which claims methods of using cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) circulating in maternal plasma (cell-free blood) to ... but had traveled from the fetal blood into the maternal blood through the placenta. The paternal DNA in the mother's plasma had ... not just in the blood of the fetus, which was accessible only by invasive methods, such as amniocentesis, that created risks of ... and that paternal DNA was not native to the mother's blood. So they wanted to focus on genetic fragments containing paternally ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariosa_v._Sequenom

Tinius, T. (2004). New Developments in Blood Flow Hemoencephalography. Hawthorne Press. *^ Toomim, H. (2000). A report of ... Photoelectric cells in a spectrophotometer device worn on the forehead measure the amount of each wavelength of light reflected ... While the skull is largely translucent to these wavelengths of light, blood is not. The red light is used as a probe, while the ... PIR has a poorer resolution than NIR and this treatment typically focuses on more global increases in cerebral blood flow.[3] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoencephalography

Cell signallingEdit. Bile acids have metabolic actions in the body resembling those of hormones, acting through two specific ... and in bile acids in the blood. Bile acids are related to the itching (pruritus) which is common in cholestatic conditions such ... Bile acid synthesis occurs in liver cells, which synthesize primary bile acids (cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid in humans ... Exposure of colonic cells to high DCA concentrations increase formation of reactive oxygen species, causing oxidative stress, ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bile_acids

Certain cells in the brain respond specifically to an increase of CO2 in the blood.[4][24] The response involves vasodilatation ... Impaired venous outflow is often caused by a hypoplastic jugular foramen.[23] This causes an increase in the intracranial blood ... Most surgeons will not intervene until after the age of six months due to the heightened risk which blood loss poses before ... White N, Bayliss S, Moore D (January 2015). "Systematic review of interventions for minimizing perioperative blood transfusion ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craniosynostosis

Plasma cells, also called plasma B cells, plasmocytes, plasmacytes, or effector B cells, are white blood cells that secrete ... Immature plasma cells[edit]. The most immature blood cell that is considered of plasma cell lineage is the plasmablast.[3] ... In humans, CD27 is a good marker for plasma cells, naive B cells are CD27-, memory B-cells are CD27+ and plasma cells are ... Germinal center B cells may differentiate into memory B cells or plasma cells. Most of these B cells will become plasmablasts ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_cells

doi:10.1182/blood-2010-05-283770.. *^ Belikov AV, Schraven B, Simeoni L. T cells and reactive oxygen species. Journal of ... T cells associate with and predict leukemia relapse in AML patients post allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Blood Cancer ... T Cells to protect tumour cells. Nature Communications. March 2018, 9 (1): 948. PMC 5838096. PMID 29507342. doi:10.1038/s41467- ... 细胞毒性T细胞(CTLs, killer T cells)负责杀伤被病毒感染的细胞和癌细胞，在对器官移植的免疫

https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/T细胞

... due to an autoimmune induced loss of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.[12][13] Diagnosis of diabetes is by blood ... Intensive blood sugar lowering (HbA1c,6%) as opposed to standard blood sugar lowering (HbA1c of 7-7.9%) does not appear to ... Blood pressure lowering. Many international guidelines recommend blood pressure treatment targets that are lower than 140/90 ... increased breakdown of lipids within fat cells, resistance to and lack of incretin, high glucagon levels in the blood, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_2_diabetes_mellitus

The brain detects insulin in the blood, which indicates that nutrients are being absorbed by cells and a person is getting full ... The brain checks for glucoprivation on its side of the blood-brain barrier (since glucose is its fuel), while the liver ... When the glucose levels of cells drop (glucoprivation), the body starts to produce the feeling of hunger. The body also ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eat

1156 patients with a mean of 87 CD4 cell counts and mean viral load of 100,000 copies/ml were randomized to one of the two ... Capaldini L (August 1997). "Protease inhibitors' metabolic side effects: cholesterol, triglycerides, blood sugar, and "Crix ... Viral resistance to the drug leads to the drug becoming useless since the virus evolves to have cells that are able to resist ... There were higher CD4 cell counts and less viral load in patients assigned to the three-drug group, proving that a three-drug ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indinavir

Cells are homogenised in a blender and filtered to remove debris. *The homogenised sample is placed in an ultracentrifuge and ... Separation of urine components and blood components in forensic and research laboratories ... General method of fractionation: Cell sample is stored in a suspension which is: *Buffered - neutral pH, preventing damage to ... This method is commonly used to separate organelles and membranes found in cells. Organelles generally differ from each other ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifugation

In vitro modulation of oxidative burst via release of reactive oxygen species from immune cells by extracts of selected ... Herbs and Food Plants Have the Potential to Inhibit Key Carbohydrate Hydrolyzing Enzymes In Vitro and Reduce Postprandial Blood ...

https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Αμινά_Γκουρίμπ

Hell in a Cell (2009-) · Money in the Bank (2010-) · SummerSlam (1988-) · Extreme Rules (2009-) · Crown Jewel (2018-2019; 2021 ... Bad Blood (1997; 2003-2004) · Taboo Tuesday (2004-2005) · December to Dismember (2006) · New Year's Revolution (2005-2007) · ...

https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Year's_Revolution

... blood, and white blood cells to fill the alveoli. This condition is called pneumonia.[20] It is susceptible to clindamycin.[21] ... Invasins, such as pneumolysin, an antiphagocytic capsule, various adhesins, and immunogenic cell wall components are all major ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S._pneumoniae

blood vessel remodeling. •skeletal muscle tissue development. •respiratory gaseous exchange. •blood circulation. •cell ... Bax DV, Rodgers UR, Bilek MM, Weiss AS (2009). «Cell adhesion to tropoelastin is mediated via the C-terminal GRKRK motif and ... Bertram C, Hass R (2009). «Cellular senescence of human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) is associated with an altered MMP-7/HB- ...

https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastina

"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 30 (5): 985-93. doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2009.269. PMC 2949183. PMID 20029452.. ... This tracer is a glucose analog that is taken up by glucose-using cells and phosphorylated by hexokinase (whose mitochondrial ... Changing of regional blood flow in various anatomic structures (as a measure of the injected positron emitter) can be ... This means that FDG is trapped in any cell that takes it up until it decays, since phosphorylated sugars, due to their ionic ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/PET_scan

... cells lining the inside of blood vessels), liver cells, and several types of immune cells such as macrophages, monocytes, and ... an initially decreased white blood cell count followed by an increased white blood cell count; elevated levels of the liver ... dendritic cells and other cells including liver cells, fibroblasts, and adrenal gland cells.[93] Viral replication triggers ... Blood products such as packed red blood cells, platelets, or fresh frozen plasma may also be used.[135] Other regulators of ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebola_virus_disease

... excess secretion from the acidophil cells) caused acromegaly, then an excess of basophil cells must be involved in another ... After the completion of collecting urine and blood samples, patients are asked to switch to glucocorticoid such as prednisone ... During post surgical recovery, patients collect 24-hour urine sample and blood sample for detecting the level of cortisol with ... Given this conviction, and his knowledge of the three anterior pituitary cell types, Cushing hypothesized that if acidophil ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cushing's_disease

Primitive ova are seen in their cell-nests. The Genital cord or genital ridge is still discernible in this young child. A blood ... Included in the follicles are the cumulus oophorus, membrana granulosa (and the granulosa cells inside it), corona radiata, ...

https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/అండాశయాలు

Cell Press. doi:10.1016/j.isci.2020.101234. Retrieved July 7, 2020.. Cite journal requires ,journal=. (help). ... These include blood worms and earthworms. They can eat small fish such as goldfish, fathead minnows and guppies. Salamanders ... They are four-legged vertebrates which are cold blooded. Amphibians lay their eggs in water, usually in a foam nest. After ... Their bodies are thin and have a lot of blood vessels, this helps them to be able to take water through their skin. The ...

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibia

... and Th1 cells.[45] IL-1α stimulates increased skin cell activity and reproduction, which, in turn, fuels comedo development.[45 ... ductus arteriosus blood vessel.[47][150] Prolonged use of salicylic acid over significant areas of the skin or under occlusive ... and accumulation of skin cells in the hair follicle.[1] In healthy skin, the skin cells that have died come up to the surface ... the increased production of oily sebum causes the dead skin cells to stick together.[10] The accumulation of dead skin cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acne_vulgaris

血庫（英語：Blood bank）(血液銀行). *微生物培養鑑定（英語：Microbiological culture） ... 細胞損傷（英語：Cell damage

https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/质谱法

doi:10.1182/blood-2013-02-482570. PMID 23613524.. *^ T Shaw, J Quan, and M Totoritis, "B cell therapy for rheumatoid arthritis ... cells in destroying these B cells. When an NK cell latched onto the cap, it had an 80% success rate at killing the cell. In ... The antibody binds to the cell surface protein CD20. CD20 is widely expressed on B cells, from early pre-B cells to later in ... It induces apoptosis of CD20+ cells.. The combined effect results in the elimination of B cells (including the cancerous ones) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rituximab

With the resultant oxygen tension and diminished blood supply reaching the outer hair cells, their response to sound levels is ... Outer hair cells serve as acoustic amplifiers for stimulation of the inner hair cells. Outer hair cells respond primarily to ... which will reduce the amount of blood reaching the hair cells of the organ of Corti in the cochlea. ... eds.). Cochlear Blood Flow Changes With Short Sound Stimulation. Scientific basis of noise-induced hearing loss. New York ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listener_fatigue

The blood vascular system is minimal. Similarly, they have no gills, absorbing oxygen from the water through their limbs and ... Such barnacles feed by extending thread-like rhizomes of living cells into their hosts' bodies from their points of attachment. ... Barnacles have no true heart, although a sinus close to the esophagus performs a similar function, with blood being pumped ... degrading to the condition of nothing more than sperm-producing cells.[15] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirripedia

Sometimes an underlying medical condition is sought, and this may include blood tests for full blood count and hematinics. If a ... Polymorphonuclear cells also infiltrate the epithelium, and chronic inflammatory cells infiltrate the lamina propria. Atrophic ... in persons with blood group O and in non-secretors of blood group antigens in saliva. Increased rates of Candida carriage are ... Apart from true hyphae, Candida can also form pseudohyphae - elongated filamentous cells, lined end to end. As a general rule, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_candidiasis

... growth of new blood vessels .,[39] and "leg-like pods" on cells (including cancer cells) bestowing upon them mobility.[40] and ... stem cells, white blood cells) in many tissues and organs. SP amplifies or excites most cellular processes.[15][16] ... "Effect of substance P on cytokine production by human astrocytic cells and blood mononuclear cells: characterization of novel ... Substance P has been known to stimulate cell growth in normal and cancer cell line cultures,[37] and it was shown that ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substance_P

Peripheral blood stem cells[26] are now the most common source of stem cells for HSCT. They are collected from the blood ... The donor's blood is withdrawn through a sterile needle in one arm and passed through a machine that removes white blood cells ... The red blood cells are returned to the donor. The peripheral stem cell yield is boosted with daily subcutaneous injections of ... Cutler C, Antin JH (2001). "Peripheral blood stem cells for allogeneic transplantation: a review". Stem Cells. 19 (2): 108-17. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_Marrow_Transplant

ଅଧିକ ଅନ‌କଞ୍ଜୁଗେଟେଡ ବିଲିରୁବିନ ହେବାର କାରଣ: ହେମୋଲାଇଟିକ ଆନିମିଆ (excess red blood cell breakdown), ବିରାଟ ଅଧଃକ୍ଷତ (large bruise), ... ଲୋହିତ ରକ୍ତ କଣିକା ନିଜର ଜୀବନ‌କାଳ(୧୨୦ ଦିନ) ସମାପ୍ତ କରିସାରିଲେ ବା କୌଣସି କାରଣରୁ ନଷ୍ଟ ହେଲେ ତାହାର କୋଷ ପରଦା(cell membrane) ଭଙ୍ଗୁର ହୋଇ ...

https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/ଜଣ୍ଡିସ୍

"Integrated associations of genotypes with multiple blood biomarkers linked to coronary heart disease risk". Hum. Mol. Genet ... "Six new loci associated with blood low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or triglycerides ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apolipoprotein_C4

Red blood cells are the most abundant cell in the blood, accounting for about 40-45% of its volume. Red blood cells are disk- ... "Blood Cells" redirects here. For the journal formerly known as Blood Cells, see Blood Cells, Molecules and Diseases. ... A blood cell, also called a hematopoietic cell, hemocyte, or hematocyte, is a cell produced through hematopoiesis and found ... White blood cells[edit]. Artificially colored electron micrograph of blood cells. From left to right: erythrocyte, thrombocyte ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_cells

A white cell count determines the total; a differential cell count estimates the numbers of each type. ... leucocytes* White blood cells [1], normally 5000-9000/mm3; includes polymorphonuclear neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, ... white blood cells A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition © A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition 2005, originally published by Oxford ... white blood cell A Dictionary of Nursing © A Dictionary of Nursing 2008, originally published by Oxford University Press 2008. ...

https://www.encyclopedia.com/medicine/anatomy-and-physiology/anatomy-and-physiology/white-blood-cells

Media in category "Blood cells". The following 76 files are in this category, out of 76 total. ... blood cell (en); خلية دم (ar); Κύτταρα του αίματος (el); клітини крові (uk) tipo de célula (es); zellulärer Bestandteil des ... Blood corpuscles depicted by Leeuwenhoek. Wellcome M0010779.jpg 2,917 × 3,618; 1.82 MB. ... Retrieved from "https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Blood_cells&oldid=360665016" ...

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Blood_cells

This weeks patent applications include flexible polymer blood cells, a microwave to soften rocks for tunnelling, and a vaccine ... Plastic red blood cells. Red blood cells travel through the bloodstream delivering vital oxygen to body tissues and taking away ... red blood cells lose this ability to deform.. Because of the small size of red blood cells and the demanding work they do, ... He has created tiny sacks of the polymer polyethylene glycol just 8 micrometres across - in the range of human red blood cells ...

https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn13784-invention-plastic-red-blood-cells/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_cell

Engineered blood vessel grafts could be used for surgical procedures like coronary artery bypass and kidney dialysis. ... Other researchers have previously reported the ability to develop blood vessels from a patients own cells. That process was ... Cite this: Blood Vessels Grown From Muscle Cells - Medscape - Feb 04, 2011. ... When blood vessels around the heart become dangerously congested with plaques, surgeons will reroute blood flow and bypass the ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/736906

blood cell (plural blood cells) *(hematology, cytology) Any of the cells normally found in blood, namely erythrocytes and ... any of the cells normally found in the blood. *Arabic: خَلِيَّة دَم‎ f (ḵaliyyat dam), خَلِيَّة دَمَوِيَّة‎ f (ḵaliyya ... Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=blood_cell&oldid=58429320" ... red blood cell

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/blood_cell

White blood cells are part of the germ-fighting immune system. ... White Blood Cells. Say: wite blud sels. White blood cells are ... You have several types of white blood cells and each has its own special role in fighting off the different kinds of germs that ... They are like little warriors floating around in your blood waiting to attack invaders, like viruses and bacteria. ...

https://www.kidshealth.org/Nemours/en/kids/word-white-blood-cell.html?WT.ac=k-ra

Immunology and Blood Cell Development analyzes leukemia, lymphomas, other hematologic malignancies and immunology. ... Peer Review Committee for Leukemia, Immunology and Blood Cell Development (LIB). Areas Reviewed. Basic, preclinical, and ... molecular, structural, biochemical and biophysical aspects of the immune system including cell types, cytokines, antigen ...

https://www.cancer.org/research/we-fund-cancer-research/apply-research-grant/peer-review-committees/leukemia-immunology-development.html

Out of eight dinosaur bones the researchers examined, they found some kind of soft tissue structure - be it blood cells, ... Scanning electron micrographs and 3D reconstructions from serial sections of blood cell-like structures. Credit: Bertazzo et al ... But dinosaur blood is another matter. In 2005 Mary Schweitzer and colleagues announced that they had found remnants of blood ... A 75 million year old dinosaur claw that possibly preserved blood cells. Image by Sergio Bertazzo. ...

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/phenomena/2015/06/16/scrappy-fossils-yield-possible-dinosaur-blood-cells/

Its main role is to produce stem cells that will go on to become various cells of the blood, including white blood cells that ... The hemoglobin in the red blood cells ensures that our body cells receive sufficient oxygen. When the blood pigment is broken ... SMART researchers discover a new way to manufacture human red blood cells Researchers from Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research ... Researchers at the University of Rochester Medical Center have conducted a study suggesting that having a low white blood cell ...

https://www.news-medical.net/?tag=/Red-Blood-Cells

Blood-forming and esophageal stem cells: find, see, manipulate. Posted by Monya Baker , Categories: Blood stem cells, Tissue- ... Beating heart triggers blood stem cells in the embryo. Posted by Monya Baker , Categories: Blood stem cells ... Posted by Monya Baker , Categories: Blood stem cells. While covering a couple papers just out in Cell Stem Cell, reporter ... Research highlight: Blood stem cells move with daylight. Posted by Monya Baker , Categories: Blood stem cells ...

https://blogs.nature.com/theniche/category/blood-stem-cells

Find high quality printed Blood Cells T-Shirts at CafePress. See great designs on styles for Men, Women, Kids, Babies, and even ... Make a bold statement with our Blood Cells T-Shirts, or choose from our wide variety of expressive graphic tees for any season ...

https://www.cafepress.com/+blood-cells+t-shirts

... three independent papers report in the July 2 Cell Stem Cell. The new technique will allow scientists to tap a large, readily ... Blood drawn with a simple needle stick can be coaxed into producing stem cells that may have the ability to form any type of ... Stem Cells From Human Blood Can Be Reprogrammed. Blood drawn with a simple needle stick can be coaxed into producing stem cells ... The concern is that if these cells retain traces of memory from their previous lives as blood cells, they may not be good at ...

https://www.wired.com/2010/07/stem-cells-from-human-blood-can-be-reprogrammed/

White Blood Cell Chases Bacteria in real life Edit: axxsmith informed me that it is from quote It is a neutrophil chasing ... White Blood Cell Chases Bacteria in real life. Edit: axxsmith informed me that it is from quote " It is a neutrophil chasing ...

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JnlULOjUhSQ

The coronavirus may damage blood marrow cells in patients with severe COVID-19, according to a new study published in the ... The coronavirus may damage blood marrow cells in patients with severe COVID-19, according to a new study published in the ... COVID-19 May Damage Blood Marrow Immune Cells - Medscape - Sep 22, 2020. ... The findings "lend support to the idea that therapeutic strategies targeting release of … cells from bone marrow should be ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/937856?src=rss

White blood cells are vital for immune system functioning. In this article, learn about what types there are and what can ... White blood cell test. During a physical examination, a doctor may perform a white blood cell count (WBC) using a blood test. ... Stem cells are responsible for creating new white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. ... including red and white blood cells.. HIV. HIV can decrease. the amount of white blood cells called CD4 T cells. When a ...

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/327446

Introducing T cells into mice that lacked them made their blood pressure sensitive to stress again. ... Marvar and colleagues had previously shown T cells are needed for the increase in blood pressure coming from high dietary salt ... Two hours of stress per day, for a week, results in a short-term rise in systolic blood pressure in normal mice, Marvar said. ... However, mice that were genetically engineered to lack T cells -- helpful for fighting infections -- did not display an ...

https://www.upi.com/Health_News/2012/03/06/Immune-cells-can-affect-blood-pressure/UPI-65861331082128/

... type of white blood cell (leukocyte) that is characterized histologically by its ability to be stained by basic dyes and ... white blood cells that stain readily with basic dyes), which circulate in the blood. The cells release various substances such ... tissue mast cells and blood basophils when the body is subjected to trauma, infection, or some drugs. It assists the body in ... white blood cell. eosinophils, and basophils. The most numerous of the granulocytes-making up 50 to 80 percent of all white ...

https://www.britannica.com/science/basophil

... led study shows endometrial regenerative cells from menstrual blood can restore blood flow in animal models of peripheral ... Endometrial regenerative cells are stem cells taken from menstrual blood that are capable of forming into at least nine ... 18 (UPI) -- A U.S.-led study shows endometrial regenerative cells from menstrual blood can restore blood flow in animal models ... demonstrated that when circulation-blocked mice were treated with injections of the cells, circulation and functionality were ...

https://www.upi.com/Science_News/2008/08/18/Limbs-saved-by-menstrual-blood-stem-cells/58051219100700/

... blood vessels grown from donor cells have been successfully implanted in human patients, an early report of new research shows. ... Blood Vessels Grown From Donated Cells Closer to Reality. 3 Patients Have Received Engineered Vessels; No Signs of Rejection ... June 27, 2011 -- For the first time, blood vessels grown from donor cells have been successfully implanted in human patients, ... researchers have used cells taken from individual patients to grow tubes of tissue that can be grafted onto natural blood ...

https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/news/20110627/blood-vessels-from-donor-cells-are-implanted-in-patients

The ab T cells are also good at reacting with other cells of the immune system, such as B cells. And the gd T cells react with ... KILLER T CELL binds to a receptor on the surface of a cell that is infected with a virus, causing the cell to be destroyed. ... These mechanisms use antibody molecules on blood cells called B cells and ab (alpha beta) or gd (gamma delta) receptors on ... blood cells called T cells. These receptors are created by a rearrangement of genes during the development of T and B cells. ...

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-do-white-blood-cells/

A new study in a mouse model of MS reveals two ways in which Th1 and Th17 immune cells cross the blood-barrier to attack the ... They concluded that the Th1 immune cells need the caveolae of the endothelial cells in the blood vessels that serve the CNS in ... How do white blood cells penetrate the blood-brain barrier in MS? A new study investigates. ... One feature that can help the blood-brain barrier to restrict the movement of blood-borne cells, molecules, and ions into and ...

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/320148.php

... blood are giving researchers an unprecedented look at cancer. ... Technologies that can pull tumor cells from patients ... The MGH device and some others in development isolate rare cancer cells by discarding all red blood cells and white blood cells ... Finding Cancer Cells in the Blood. Technologies that can pull tumor cells from patients blood are giving researchers an ... there has been no way to capture the circulating tumor cells. "These are rare cells in the midst of 100 billion other cells," ...

https://www.technologyreview.com/s/515891/finding-cancer-cells-in-the-blood/

... blood in real time. Many patients require monitoring of their blood, such as diabetics. But extracting blood is both invasive ... Chemists have turned red blood cells into long lived sensors that could be put back into circulation to monitor the make up of ... from the its-in-the-blood dept. ananyo writes "Chemists have turned red blood cells into long lived sensors that could be put ... Also, if the blood cells live for 90 days with the dye in them, you just need one injection of the dye-filled cells instead of ...

https://science.slashdot.org/story/12/08/20/1323250/blood-cells-converted-into-chemical-sensors?sdsrc=prevbtmprev

In the mid-1990s, my research group began to devise a method to establish endothelial cell cultures from human peripheral blood ... in 2000, described the method enabling successful attainment of blood outgrowth endothelial cells (BOEC). Truly endothelial, ... BOEC are progeny of a transplantable cell that originates in bone marrow, a putative endothelial progenitor. Our subsequent ...

https://www.jci.org/articles/view/93649/pdf

There are many ways to increase your red blood cell count, from dietary changes to supplements. Eating foods rich in iron, ... Blood cell disorders impair the formation and function of red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets. ... Red blood cells are important to your body. If your doctor suspects your red blood cell count is off, they will order a ... Red blood cells carry oxygen from your lungs to your entire body. Theyre produced in your bone marrow. When dying red blood ...

https://www.healthline.com/health/how-to-increase-red-blood-cells

Research underway in San Diego analyzes blood from women with ovarian cancer to track tumor cells and better understand the ... The suspected circulating ovarian cancer cell (in red with a blue nucleus) is surrounded by normal blood cells (in green with ... By analyzing circulating tumor cells in the blood stream they hope to get a better understanding of the spread of cancer. ... Research underway in San Diego analyzes blood from women with ovarian cancer to track tumor cells and better understand the ...

https://www.kpbs.org/news/2013/sep/02/tracking-tumor-cells-blood-identify-spread-ovarian/

Researchers from Uppsala University can now show, at molecular level, that these changes originate in vein cells. ... lesions arise in a cluster of blood vessels in the brain, spinal cord or retina. ... Tags: Angioma, Blood, Blood Vessel, Blood Vessels, Brain, Capillaries, Cavernous Malformation, Cell, Cell Division, Cerebral ... The cells were clustered in venous and arterial endothelial cells, and we were able to see that venous endothelial cells were ...

https://www.news-medical.net/news/20201103/Blood-vessel-malformations-originate-in-vein-cells.aspx

Im a 51 year old female in very good health however my red blood cells have been termed enlarged by my doctor since 1999. My ... Enlarged Red Blood Cells. Im a 51 year old female in very good health however my red blood cells have been termed enlarged ... My blood cells are also enlarged at 105, and my doctor said to me the alcohol was the cause. I only drink a couple apple ciders ... My blood cells are also enlarged at 105, and my doctor said to me the alcohol was the cause. I only drink a couple apple ciders ...

http://www.medhelp.org/posts/Degenerative-Diseases/Enlarged-Red-Blood-Cells/show/324085

Platelets , or thrombocytes , are very small, irregularly shaped clear cell fragments, 2-3 µm in diameter, which derive from fragmentation of megakaryocytes . (wikipedia.org)
However, if the number of platelets is too high, blood clots can form thrombosis, which may obstruct blood vessels and result in such events as a stroke, myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism-or blockage of blood vessels to other parts of the body, such as the extremities of the arms or legs. (wikipedia.org)
In addition to the irregularly shaped leukocytes, both red blood cells and many small disc-shaped platelets are visible. (wikipedia.org)
All white blood cells have nuclei , which distinguishes them from the other blood cells , the anucleated red blood cells (RBCs) and platelets . (wikipedia.org)
Blood is comprised of red blood cells, platelets, and various white blood cells. (medlineplus.gov)
hematology , cytology ) Any of the cells normally found in blood , namely erythrocytes and leukocytes , sometimes including the platelets . (wiktionary.org)
Its main role is to produce stem cells that will go on to become various cells of the blood, including white blood cells that fight infections, red blood cells that carry oxygen throughout the body, and platelets that control bleeding. (news-medical.net)
The other one percent are platelets and the various white blood cells of the immune system. (news-medical.net)
Stem cells are responsible for creating new white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Blood comprises three main types of cells, erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), and thrombocytes (platelets), all of which arise from blood stem cells. (eurekalert.org)
blood platelets. (thebody.com)
Blood stem cells (also called hematopoietic stem cells) have the potential to self-renew into two identical daughter stem cells or give rise (mature) to specialized cell types: red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets. (nih.gov)
In addition to the lack of red blood cells, the late-stage mouse fetus contained fewer white blood cells and platelets-an indication that the blood stem cells were unable to mature into other critical blood cells. (nih.gov)
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) develop into all types of blood cells-red blood cells, platelets and immune cells. (medindia.net)
Patients face very serious consequences when the bone marrow doesn't make enough platelets and other blood cells, and few options are currently available to aid the recovery. (rochester.edu)
It is where red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs) and platelets are made. (cancer.ca)

Red blood cells travel through the bloodstream delivering vital oxygen to body tissues and taking away unwanted carbon dioxide - and they have to squeeze through blood vessels as thin as 3 micrometres across to do it. (newscientist.com)
Other researchers have previously reported the ability to develop blood vessels from a patient's own cells. (medscape.com)
They then tested the bioengineered blood vessels in two animal models. (medscape.com)
At least initially, Dahl thinks those will be patients who might need vessels to help reroute blood around blockages in the heart, or for whom doctors need to build an access point so that their blood can be cleaned for kidney dialysis. (medscape.com)
Probably the first places where tissue engineering will become a reality will be in things like blood vessels, because they're relatively straightforward structurally to construct, even though they're still amazingly complex," he says. (medscape.com)
When blood vessels around the heart become dangerously congested with plaques, surgeons will reroute blood flow and bypass the blockages. (medscape.com)
To do that, they may take blood vessels from other parts of the body, usually the leg or chest wall. (medscape.com)
But there are cases when a person's own blood vessels can't be harvested. (medscape.com)
In 2005 Mary Schweitzer and colleagues announced that they had found remnants of blood vessels in a thigh bone from Tyrannosaurus . (nationalgeographic.com)
Contrary to prior belief, the white blood cells enter the spleen primarily via vessels in the red pulp. (news-medical.net)
Barnhart said the intact red and white blood cells were circulating blood cells that came from blood vessels taken from the mammoth's abdominal muscle. (washingtonpost.com)
June 27, 2011 -- For the first time, blood vessels grown from donor cells have been successfully implanted in human patients, an early report of new research shows. (webmd.com)
Previously, researchers have used cells taken from individual patients to grow tubes of tissue that can be grafted onto natural blood vessels. (webmd.com)
One feature that can help the blood-brain barrier to restrict the movement of blood-borne cells, molecules, and ions into and out of the CNS is the close packaging of the endothelial cells that line the blood vessels that serve the CNS. (medicalnewstoday.com)
This close packing - which makes the blood vessels supplying the CNS virtually impermeable - comprises "tight junctions" of protein complexes that bolt the endothelial cells together. (medicalnewstoday.com)
In contrast, the junctions between endothelial cells in blood vessels that supply other organs and tissues are looser and can also be adjusted to allow a less restricted range of cells and other materials to pass through. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The cell is flexible and assumes a bell shape as it passes through extremely small blood vessels. (britannica.com)
They release histamine (which causes blood vessels to leak and attracts WBCs) and heparin (which prevents clotting in the infected area so that the WBCs can reach the bacteria). (howstuffworks.com)
They can squeeze through openings in blood vessels by a process called diapedesis . (howstuffworks.com)
For the first time, blood vessels created in the lab from donor skin cells were successfully implanted in patients. (redorbit.com)
Functioning blood vessels that aren't rejected by the immune system could be used to make durable shunts for kidney dialysis, and potentially to improve treatment for children with heart defects and adults needing coronary or other bypass graft surgery. (redorbit.com)
For the first time, human blood vessels grown in a laboratory from donor skin cells have been successfully implanted into patients, according to new research presented in the American Heart Association's Emerging Science Series webinar. (redorbit.com)
While more testing is needed, such "off-the-shelf" blood vessels could soon be used to improve the process and affordability of kidney dialysis. (redorbit.com)
The tissue-engineered blood vessels, produced from sheets of cultured skin cells rolled around temporary support structures, were used to create access shunts between arteries and veins in the arm for kidney dialysis in three patients. (redorbit.com)
Investigators previously showed that using vessels individually created from a patient's own skin cells reduced the rate of shunt complications 2.4-fold over a 3-year period. (redorbit.com)
Besides addressing a costly and vexing problem in kidney dialysis, off-the-shelf blood vessels might someday be used instead of harvesting patients' own vessels for bypass surgery. (redorbit.com)
The long axis of the oval blood cells permits them to move easily with the flow of the blood, ensuring that the blood can reach the camel's smallest blood vessels. (reference.com)
One approach to killing tumors is to cut off their blood supply because the proliferation of new cells requires the formation of new blood vessels, a process known as angiogenesis. (scientificamerican.com)
In the new work, the researchers identified a protein, called prohibitin, which is expressed on blood vessels that supply fat cells in obese mice. (scientificamerican.com)
Because prohibitin is also expressed in blood vessels of human white fat," the authors conclude, "this work may lead to the development of targeted drugs for treatment of obese patients. (scientificamerican.com)
While the behavior of blood cells flowing within single, straight vessels is well-known, less is known about the individual cellular-scale events and blood behavior in microvascular networks. (nsf.gov)
Upon removing the device, they found the rat's body had 'accepted' it by coating the device with tissue containing newly grown blood vessels. (treehugger.com)
Tumors require a blood supply to grow, but how they acquire their network of blood vessels is poorly understood. (innovations-report.com)
A new study here shows that tumor blood vessels can develop from precancerous stem cells, a recently discovered type of cell that can either remain benign or become malignant. (innovations-report.com)
Researchers say the findings provide new information about how tumors develop blood vessels, and why new drugs designed to block tumor blood-vessel growth are often less effective than expected. (innovations-report.com)
These findings suggest that tumor blood vessels are derived mainly from tumor cells, with a smaller number coming from normal blood-vessel cells," says principal investigator Jian-Xin Gao, assistant professor of pathology. (innovations-report.com)
The screened drugs may be very good at blocking the formation of blood vessels made by normal endothelial cells, but have little effect on blood-vessel formation by precancerous stem cells or other blood-vessel-forming cancer cells," Gao says. (innovations-report.com)
The researchers removed the resulting tumors from the mice and, using tests for various molecular markers, observed that the tumor blood vessels were largely derived from precancerous stem cells. (innovations-report.com)
The precancerous stem cells also produced similar levels of substances that stimulate blood-vessel growth (i.e., angiogenic factors), but they were much more potent in forming new blood vessels and larger tumor masses compared with tumors grown from typical tumor cells. (innovations-report.com)
Lastly, the researchers examined the appearance of blood vessels in human cervical and breast tumors and observed that the blood-vessel cells displayed similar abnormalities and aberrant patterns of molecular markers. (innovations-report.com)
This suggests that the ability of these tumors to form blood vessels is likely linked to precancerous stem cells or other blood-vessel-forming tumor cells," Gao says. (innovations-report.com)
In addition, red blood cells are capable of releasing compounds that will cause the blood vessels to dilate so that they can carry more blood. (wisegeek.com)
These blood cells can also release dilating compounds when vessels become so restricted that they have trouble passing. (wisegeek.com)

This week, announcements of deals to bank and use umbilical cord blood in China, India, Vietnam and South Korea point to an industry that is both promising and prone to overpromising. (nature.com)
Increasingly, donated umbilical cord blood - which contains fetal stem cells - is being used instead of bone marrow transplants because the risk of rejection is lower with the immature cells. (newscientist.com)
Under the leadership of section co-editors, Joanne Kurtzberg, MD, and Karen K. Ballen, MD, the Cord Blood section launches in early April with its first paper on the safety and feasibly of performing autologous umbilical cord blood infusions in young children with autism spectrum disorder. (prweb.com)
About Cord Blood Association: The Cord Blood Association will be an international nonprofit organization that promotes the banking and use of umbilical cord blood and related tissues for disease treatment and regenerative therapies. (prweb.com)
Presenting Monday at the American Heart Association's annual scientific sessions in New Orleans, Sodian reported that his team took stem cells from umbilical cord blood, stored them for 12 weeks, then seeded them on to eight heart valve scaffolds. (go.com)
Stem cells also can come from newborn umbilical cord blood. (webmd.com)

The other dichotomy is by lineage: Myeloid cells (neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils) are distinguished from lymphoid cells (lymphocytes) by hematopoietic lineage ( cellular differentiation lineage). (wikipedia.org)
They found several shifts in immune signatures, particularly monocytes, which are new immune cells that are released into the bloodstream from bone marrow. (medscape.com)
The researchers weren't sure whether the monocytes were altered before they were released from the bone marrow or whether they were changed after they entered the blood, according to Reuters . (medscape.com)
Health professionals have identified three main categories of white blood cell: granulocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Monocytes are white blood cells that make up around 2-8% of the total white blood cell count in the body. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Any of the colorless or white cells in the blood that have a nucleus and cytoplasm and help protect the body from infection and disease through specialized neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes. (dictionary.com)
The major types of white blood cells are granulocytes , lymphocytes , and monocytes . (dictionary.com)
To provide insight into this process, investigators analyzed more than 30 different specialized subtypes of white blood cells (including mast cells, T cells, monocytes, granulocytes, and B cells) and pinpointed the locations of key regions known as enhancers and promoters that determine if a particular gene will be active or silent in a cell. (eurekalert.org)
Monocytes stay in the blood for an average of 10 to 20 hours and then go into the tissues, where they become tissue macrophages and can live for months to years. (howstuffworks.com)
A differential is the percentages of different types of white blood cells (neutrophils], esocinophils , basophils , lymphocytes , and monocytes ) in a sample of blood. (everything2.com)
Four types of white blood cells can act as phagocytes, namely neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils. (livestrong.com)
Upon receiving these signals, the white blood cell phagocytes -- especially neutrophils and monocytes -- migrate to the site of infection. (livestrong.com)
Monocytes also migrate into the body tissues, where they grow and transform into cells called macrophages. (livestrong.com)

What's more, all the groups showed that a batch of the stem cells implanted into mice developed into the three main types of progenitor cells found in human embryos. (wired.com)
In embryos, these progenitor cells give rise to different tissues. (wired.com)
Truly endothelial, BOEC are progeny of a transplantable cell that originates in bone marrow, a putative endothelial progenitor. (jci.org)
We generally put progenitor cells in the heart and try to get them to grow muscle cells, and they're sitting in the middle of other cells. (go.com)
A recent study conducted in mice, baboons, and human volunteers has shown that a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), called meloxicam, significantly increased the number of blood (hematopoietic) stem cells (HSCs) and their descendent hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) entering the circulation from the bone marrow, where they typically reside until needed. (nih.gov)
The levels of HSCs and HPCs normally found in blood are very low, and strategies have been devised to mobilize HSCs and progenitor cells out of the bone marrow and into the circulation. (nih.gov)
Differential stem‑ and progenitor‑cell trafficking by prostaglandin E2. (nih.gov)
There were fewer stem cells and early progenitor cells. (eurekalert.org)
This may be the first clear demonstration of the primitive progenitor blood cell in man. (sciencemag.org)
HIV infection can decrease the growth of progenitor cells involved in white cell production. (livestrong.com)

[6] Lymphocytes can be further classified as T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells. (wikipedia.org)
Also known as B-lymphocytes, these cells produce antibodies to help the immune system mount a response to infection. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Also known as T-lymphocytes, these white blood cells help recognize and remove infection-causing cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Scientists who are looking for MS's causes have discovered that two types of white blood cell, the lymphocytes Th1 and Th17, are involved in destroying the myelin sheath that protects the axons of the CNS. (medicalnewstoday.com)
These lymphocytes are both types of white blood cells. (macmillan.org.uk)
cancer cell attacked by lymphocytes (white cells). (reference.com)
A population of lymphocytes, separable from the great majority by virtue of their larger size and their failure to exhibit the rosetting characteristics of thymus-dependent lymphocytes and bursa-equivalent cells, possess true pluripotentiality. (sciencemag.org)

The initial work, published in the JCI in 2000, described the method enabling successful attainment of blood outgrowth endothelial cells (BOEC). (jci.org)
In this issue of the JCI, Poulos and colleagues demonstrate that infusions of bone marrow (BM) endothelial cells (ECs) from young mice promoted HSC self-renewal and restored immune cell content in aged mice. (jci.org)
These results suggest an important role for BM endothelial cells (ECs) in regulating hematopoietic aging and support further research to identify the rejuvenating factors elaborated by BM ECs that restore HSC function and the immune repertoire in aged mice. (jci.org)
OAT3 is consistently expressed at high levels in brain microvessel endothelial cells. (freepatentsonline.com)
Gao notes that potential anti-angiogenic drugs are usually screened using normal blood-vessel cells, also called endothelial cells, or their progenitors. (innovations-report.com)

Researchers have charted the activity of tens of thousands of genes in mouse immune cells over the course of an infection. (news-medical.net)
Three research groups used similar methods to prod certain immune cells in human blood to become induced pluripotent stem cells. (wired.com)
Previous studies have found that COVID-19 creates an "exaggerated" response from the immune system, and for some patients, this could occur in immune cells found in bone marrow, the researchers write. (medscape.com)
Prof. Lutz explains that in MS, immune cells are able cause damage because they can gain entry to the brain and spinal cord from the bloodstream. (medicalnewstoday.com)
But until now, it was not clear how these immune cells managed to get across the blood-brain barrier into the CNS. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Immune cells in fetal blood are better at destroying leukaemia cells than adult cells, tests in mice suggest. (newscientist.com)
The results are a surprise because fetal immune cells haven't had the lifelong "training" that adult immune cells have had, yet they still seem to recognise and destroy abnormal cells. (newscientist.com)
The transplant has an extra benefit: the new immune cells in the blood can help finish off any residual cancer cells that survived the chemotherapy. (newscientist.com)
But doctors thought this came at a price - if the immune cells in the cord blood are less aggressive to the recipient, then presumably they are also less aggressive to any residual leukaemia cells. (newscientist.com)
Veys and his colleagues compared the impact of injecting immune cells from adult or cord blood into mice with a form of human blood cancer called B-cell lymphoma. (newscientist.com)
Tumours rapidly disappeared in the mice that received the fetal immune cells, but kept growing in those that got the adult cells. (newscientist.com)
The result was a surprise because the assumption has always been that compared with "seasoned" adult cells, the immune cells in the cord blood would be too naive to recognise and kill abnormal cells. (newscientist.com)
The Innate Immunity Signal Transduction in Human Leukocytes is a research study to determine the response of immune cells from the bloodstream. (nih.gov)
This study will investigate the response of immune cells to various signals in the test tube to determine how they sense the signals in the body and what substances they produce in response to them. (nih.gov)
To capture tumor cells regardless of their cancer type, the system first tags white blood cells with magnetic beads that are covered with antibodies that recognize proteins on the surface of the immune cells. (technologyreview.com)
Human immune cells in blood can be converted directly into functional neurons in the laboratory in about three weeks with the addition of just four proteins, Stanford scientists have found. (deccanchronicle.com)
Wernig and his colleagues focused on highly specialised immune cells called T cells that circulate in the blood which protect us from disease by recognising and killing infected or cancerous cells. (deccanchronicle.com)
T cells are very specialised immune cells with a simple round shape, so the rapid transformation is somewhat mind-boggling,' he said. (deccanchronicle.com)
Scientists find the 'master switch' for key immune cells in inflammatory. (scienceblog.com)
They continue to function as phagocytes in the tissues, and interact with other types of immune cells to protect the body and regulate inflammatory responses. (livestrong.com)

In the new procedure, reported in the Feb. 2 issue of Science Translational Medicine, researchers took smooth muscle cells from cadaver donors and seeded them onto mesh tubes made from the same strong, flexible material used to make dissolvable stitches. (medscape.com)
In a final step, researchers washed the collagen-based tubes to get rid of any remaining cells, which could trigger immune reactions in a recipient. (medscape.com)
Out of eight dinosaur bones the researchers examined, they found some kind of soft tissue structure - be it blood cells, collagen fibers, or unknown carbon-rich structures - in six of them. (nationalgeographic.com)
Researchers at the University of Colorado Boulder and the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus have developed a new way to diagnose diseases of the blood like sickle cell disease with sensitivity and precision and in only one minute. (news-medical.net)
With a nearly $2.6 million grant from the National Institutes of Health, Michigan State University researchers are using nanoscopic particles to turn the body's own cells into weapons that cancer won't see coming. (news-medical.net)
Researchers at the University of Rochester Medical Center have conducted a study suggesting that having a low white blood cell count (lymphocytopenia) prior to exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may be associated with an increased risk of dying from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). (news-medical.net)
Researchers from Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, MIT's research enterprise in Singapore, have discovered a new way to manufacture human red blood cells (RBCs) that cuts the culture time by half compared to existing methods and uses novel sorting and purification methods that are faster, more precise and less costly. (news-medical.net)
Researchers at Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center and the University of Massachusetts Medical School have developed a strategy to treat two of the most common inherited blood diseases -- sickle cell disease and beta thalassemia -- applying CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing to patients' own blood stem cells. (news-medical.net)
Because taking blood is safe, fast and efficient compared to current stem cell harvesting methods, some of which include biopsies and pretreatments with drugs, researchers hope that blood-derived stem cells could one day be used to study and treat diseases - though major safety hurdles remain. (wired.com)
And as techniques for manipulating induced pluripotent cells improve, some researchers think they may be just as useful. (wired.com)
Researchers are still a long way off from transplanting such stem cells or their mature offspring into people safely. (wired.com)
Researchers led by Dr. Michael Murphy , a vascular surgeon at Indiana University, demonstrated that when circulation-blocked mice were treated with injections of the cells, circulation and functionality were restored. (upi.com)
Researchers probing the mechanisms of nerve tissue damage in multiple sclerosis have identified two ways in which white blood cells overcome the blood-brain barrier to wreak havoc in the highly protected environment of the brain and spinal cord. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Technologies that can pull tumor cells from patients' blood are giving researchers an unprecedented look at cancer. (technologyreview.com)
To avoid the problem, the researchers encapsulated the sensors in red blood cells. (slashdot.org)
Scripps researchers are now seeking local ovarian cancer patients and survivors to donate blood for the study. (kpbs.org)
When the researchers examined tumour samples from the animals before they were destroyed, they found that the fetal cells triggered rapid production of CD4 cells, the white blood cells that orchestrate the immune system response to tumours and viruses. (newscientist.com)
At the same time, the researchers believe they could be courting controversy , as the procedure involves the use of embryonic stem cells. (medindia.net)
Acknowledging that blood production was 'still some way off', team leader Ed Stanley said he believed blood could be created free of viruses or any unknown blood-borne disease.Colleague Andrew Elefanty and Stanley head a group of 20 researchers at Monash working on the project. (medindia.net)
Researchers at the URV's Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry, led by the ICREA researcher, Ramon Álvarez Puebla, and the professor of Applied Physics, Francesc Díaz, and the Department of Clinical Oncology of the HM Torrelodones University Hospital, have patented a portable device that can detect tumour cells in blood. (eurekalert.org)
Researchers made significant quantities of several blood types, but still have a number of hurdles ahead before producing blood that could be used in a transfusion. (newser.com)
Now researchers from Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School say they've built a microfluidic device that can quickly grab nearly any type of tumor cell, an advance that may one day lead to simple blood tests for detecting or tracking cancer. (technologyreview.com)
Identifying these wandering tumor cells could also help researchers study a cancer's progression and help doctors track treatments or screen for new cases. (technologyreview.com)
By studying the surface proteins or genetic profiles of the cancer cells, doctors and researchers could learn which mutations are present in the cancer and perhaps tailor molecularly targeted treatments accordingly. (technologyreview.com)
Researchers have tried to harness the so-called adult stem cells that are responsible for making blood in the body, but their methods were far too inefficient to be put to practical use, experts said. (spokesman.com)
In the new study, the researchers were able to make up to 100 billion red blood cells - enough to fill two or three collection tubes - from a single plate of embryonic stem cells. (spokesman.com)
After allowing the stem cells to begin the earliest stages of embryonic development, the researchers prompted some of them to grow into red blood cells by exposing them to a variety of proteins. (spokesman.com)
The team, which also included researchers from the University of Illinois at Chicago and the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn., produced blood of types A-positive, A-negative, B-positive, B-negative and O-positive. (spokesman.com)
RESEARCHERS AT the University of Birmingham have identified a new form of ecstasy that kills blood cancer cells in a test-tube within 24 hours. (irishtimes.com)
For the first time, researchers at the University of Bristol's Blood and Transplant Research Unit, and the French National Institute for Blood Transfusion, have captured the moment a red blood cell is 'squeezed' while recording the changes that allow it to deform and subsequently recover its shape. (bristol.ac.uk)
The researchers have built the first map of changes that occur in the deforming red blood cell and showed that two specific proteins (which are protein kinases) are needed to allow the cells to deform and recover from squeezing. (bristol.ac.uk)
The next step for the researchers is to attempt to answer these questions by characterising the deforming red blood cell through the newly uncovered signalling pathways. (bristol.ac.uk)
Based on additional experiments, the researchers proposed that the process of mitochondrial clearance may be a key determinant that commits these cells to the self-renewal pathway. (nih.gov)
The researchers say that their findings may help improve the success of bone marrow transplants, and lead to better treatments for life-threatening blood diseases. (medindia.net)
The dramatic transformation, described in the journal PNAS, does not require the cells to first enter a state called pluripotency but instead occurs through a more direct process called transdifferentiation, researchers said. (deccanchronicle.com)
However, despite the cells' vastly different shapes, locations and biological missions, the researchers found it unexpectedly easy to complete their quest. (deccanchronicle.com)
Now researchers have unveiled a new method of attack: starving fat cells of their lifeblood in order to destroy them. (scientificamerican.com)
Temporary squishiness could help drive blood-forming stem cells out of the bone marrow and into the blood, but the cells need to be stiff to stay put and replenish the blood and immune system, the researchers have found. (eurekalert.org)
Hitching a ride on blood cells helps shield such experimental viral therapies from destruction by antibodies, the body's natural police force, say researchers from the University of Leeds and The Institute of Cancer Research. (cancerresearchuk.org)
DALLAS -- Dec. 3, 2010 -- Thanks to findings by UT Southwestern Medical Center researchers, individuals with a potentially life-threatening condition predisposing them to blood clots, or thrombosis, might someday receive therapy to prevent the. (scienceblog.com)
The researchers hope to create tiny particles that can interfere with the proteins that viruses such as HIV use to attach to cells. (scienceblog.com)
By investigating the ability of combat-ready white blood cells (WBCs) to ingest and kill GAS, researchers have discovered new insights into how this disease-causing bacteria can evade destruction by the immune system. (scienceblog.com)
Rutgers University researchers used state-of-the-art computing resources at the Texas Advanced Computing Center to stimulate and study red blood cells following in realistic microvascular networks. (nsf.gov)
French researchers have created a fuel cell powered by rat blood that is more powerful and smaller than current pacemaker batteries. (treehugger.com)
The researchers examined new blood vessel formation in human tumors transplanted into mice, and observed changes similar to those previously seen in the mouse tumors. (innovations-report.com)
Basophil function is not as well understood as that of other WBCs, but researchers believe these cells may have a role in the ongoing inflammation seen in chronic allergy-related conditions, such as allergic asthma. (livestrong.com)
For decades, researchers have known that people who carry a gene for sickle cell anemia are highly resistant to dying from malaria. (the-scientist.com)
An experimental process that snags lung cancer cells from a blood sample could give doctors real-time feedback on the most effective therapy, researchers reported. (health24.com)

[4] Many hematological cancers are based on the inappropriate production of white blood cells. (wikipedia.org)
Genzyme's drug to boost circulating stem cells in patients with blood cancers won FDA approval on Monday. (nature.com)
Other versions of the technology, including the device that J&J currently sells, capture the cells on a physical surface, usually through a coating of antibodies that recognize proteins on the cell membranes of some, but not all, cancers. (technologyreview.com)
People with blood cancers like leukaemia have to undergo chemotherapy to eradicate the blood cells that are causing their cancer. (newscientist.com)
Bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cell transplants are ways to treat blood cancers like leukemia, multiple myeloma, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. (webmd.com)
A microfluidic device that captures circulating tumor cells could give doctors a noninvasive way to diagnose and track cancers. (technologyreview.com)
The link between ecstasy and cancer was discovered more than six years ago, when Prof Gordon's group saw the blood cancers were making very similar chemicals to the ones ecstasy targets in the brain. (irishtimes.com)
Our research Red blood cells grown from adult stem cells have the potential to improve the health of people who need regular transfusions throughout their life (e.g. thalassemia, sickle cell and certain cancers). (bristol.ac.uk)
When used to treat cancers such as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma, high-dose chemotherapy also destroys normal cells such as the HSCs and HPCs in the bone marrow. (nih.gov)
Stem cell transplants, also known as bone marrow transplants or peripheral blood transplants, can be life-saving therapies for people with leukemia, other blood cancers, or blood disorders. (rochester.edu)
However, viruses used in this way can mutate genes and initiate cancers in newly transformed cells. (newswise.com)
Stem cell-based therapies are becoming increasingly common, especially in the treatment of blood cancers like lymphoma and leukemia. (freerepublic.com)
Blood-related cancers, such as leukemia or multiple myeloma, affect blood cells in the bone marrow. (cancer.ca)
Dr. Stone is a specialist in blood biology as well as cancers of breast, colon, kidney and other tissues. (livestrong.com)
In December, the same group reported in Nature that their circulating tumour cells, or CTC, chip could extract malignant cells from people with breast, prostate, pancreatic and colorectal cancers, as well as lung tumours. (health24.com)

White blood cells are divided into granulocytes and agranulocytes , distinguished by the presence or absence of granules in the cytoplasm. (wikipedia.org)
Two pairs of broadest categories classify them either by structure ( granulocytes or agranulocytes ) or by cell lineage (myeloid cells or lymphoid cells). (wikipedia.org)
Granulocytes are white blood cells that have small granules containing proteins. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Basophils, along with eosinophils and neutrophils , constitute a group of white blood cells known as granulocytes . (britannica.com)
Basophils are the least numerous of the granulocytes and account for less than 1 percent of all white blood cells occurring in the human body . (britannica.com)
Neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils are also called granulocytes because they have granules in their cells that contain digestive enzymes. (howstuffworks.com)

WBCs constitute approximately 1% of the blood volume. (wikipedia.org)
White blood cells (also called leukocytes or leucocytes and abbreviated as WBCs) are the cells of the immune system that are involved in protecting the body against both infectious disease and foreign invaders. (wikipedia.org)
A WBC count is a blood test to measure the number of white blood cells (WBCs) in the blood. (reference.com)
White blood cells (WBCs), or leukocytes , are a part of the immune system and help our bodies fight infection. (howstuffworks.com)
In a normal adult body there are 4,000 to 10,000 (average 7,000) WBCs per microliter of blood. (howstuffworks.com)
When the number of WBCs in your blood increases, this is a sign of an infection somewhere in your body. (howstuffworks.com)
Sources of error in manual WBC counting are due largely to variance in the dilution of the sample and the distribution of cells in the chamber, as well as the small number of WBCs that are counted. (encyclopedia.com)
Automated cell counters may not be acceptable for counting WBCs in other body fluids, especially when the number of WBCs is less than 1000/ μ L or when other nucleated cell types are present. (encyclopedia.com)
Any immature WBCs are included in the differential count of 100 cells, and any inclusions or abnormalities of the WBCs are reported. (encyclopedia.com)
Neutrophils are normally the most abundant white blood cells (WBCs) in the circulation, accounting for roughly 50 to 70 percent. (livestrong.com)

Although the scientific and medical community has long known that cancer spreads through the bloodstream, there has been no way to capture the circulating tumor cells. (technologyreview.com)
Peripheral stem cell transplants use stem cells collected from the bloodstream. (webmd.com)
For several days before donating peripheral blood stem cells, donors take special drug shots to boost stem cell levels in the bloodstream. (webmd.com)
Doctors inject the cells into the bloodstream through an IV while the patient is awake. (webmd.com)
These cells change into macrophages, which are able to leave the bloodstream and enter body tissue. (ehow.co.uk)
they phagocytose old red blood cells, helping the bloodstream remain healthy. (ehow.co.uk)
A better way would be to detect telltale tumor cells floating in the bloodstream, but such a test has proved difficult to develop because stray cancer cells are rare, and it's difficult to separate them from the mélange of cells in circulation. (technologyreview.com)
Stem cells, specifically blood stem cells, are immature cells that can develop into any cell present in the bloodstream. (blood.ca)
These white blood cells circulate in the bloodstream awaiting chemical signals of invasion and inflammation. (livestrong.com)

Haemoglobin is an iron -containing protein that gives red blood cells their color and facilitates transportation of oxygen from the lungs to tissues and carbon dioxide from tissues to the lungs to be exhaled. (wikipedia.org)
My bet is that the breaking down of the cells would be over a long stretch of time, thus the benefit of having a bunch of the dye while there is only a small amount of it accumulating in the tissues at any point in time. (slashdot.org)
The association is the first to join together public and private banks toward a common mission to advocate for cord blood use in order to expand its potentials in cell therapies and regenerative medicine, and to also jointly advocate for global regulations that will allow use of cord blood and cord tissues in medical applications. (prweb.com)
Any of various white or colorless cells in the blood of vertebrate animals, many of which participate in the inflammatory and immune responses to protect the body against infection and to repair injuries to tissues. (dictionary.com)
Work published today in Blood * is a subset of a much larger catalog of genetic information about nearly 1,000 human cells and tissues unveiled today from the international research consortium "Functional Annotation of the Mamaliam Genome" (FANTOM, with this latest installment referred to as FANTOM5). (eurekalert.org)
Red blood cell , also called erythrocyte , cellular component of blood , millions of which in the circulation of vertebrates give the blood its characteristic colour and carry oxygen from the lungs to the tissues. (britannica.com)
In a circuit through the cardiovascular system, red blood cells transport oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues and transport carbon dioxide from the body tissues to the lungs. (britannica.com)
The function of the red cell and its hemoglobin is to carry oxygen from the lungs or gills to all the body tissues and to carry carbon dioxide , a waste product of metabolism, to the lungs, where it is excreted. (britannica.com)
The mammalian red cell is further adapted by lacking a nucleus-the amount of oxygen required by the cell for its own metabolism is thus very low, and most oxygen carried can be freed into the tissues. (britannica.com)
As the cells move through capillaries, they deliver oxygen to the surrounding tissues. (britannica.com)
When a granulocyte is released into the blood, it stays there for an average of four to eight hours and then goes into the tissues of the body, where it lasts for an average of four to five days. (howstuffworks.com)
Red blood cells carry a protein called hemoglobin which has a molecular structure adapted to transport oxygen to body tissues. (nisenet.org)
Pluripotent stem cells are important because they can generate all types of tissues found in the body, and the Argonne-developed technology can produce them from adult blood cells. (scienceblog.com)
A University of Washington study is the first to provide visualizations of tuberculosis infections in an intact living organism and reveals how tuberculous granulomas, the tight aggregates of macrophages that are the hallmarks of this infection, are formed within infected organisms (Macrophages are a specialized class of white blood cells that patrol tissues and ingest foreign particles, such as bacteria and viruses, as well as dead and dying cells. (scienceblog.com)
Chemotherapy can damage tissues in the bone marrow that make blood cells. (cancer.ca)
The effects of lupus often results in inflammation and damage to healthy cells and tissues. (livestrong.com)
Red blood cells, also known as erythrocytes, have one major function in the body: to transport oxygen from the lungs to all of the tissues of the body, and to a lesser extent, to transport carbon dioxide away. (wisegeek.com)
Without hemoglobin, it would not be possible for the blood to transport the volume of oxygen needed by the host animal's tissues in order to survive. (wisegeek.com)
The plasma also carries other waste products generated by the cells, in addition to transporting nutrients which are used by the tissues in the body. (wisegeek.com)

When antibodies of the immunoglobulin E (IgE) class bind to specialized receptor molecules on basophils, the cells release their stores of inflammatory chemicals, including histamine, serotonin , and leukotrienes. (britannica.com)
Basophils are usually found in areas such as the lungs and the liver, where there is a large volume of blood, and it's possible that the heparin they release helps prevent tiny blood clots from forming. (ehow.co.uk)
The granules of basophils contain high concentrations of histamine, an important mediator of allergic reactions, and heparin, an anti-blood-clotting chemical. (livestrong.com)

But in some diseases, such as malaria and sickle cell disease, red blood cells lose this ability to deform. (newscientist.com)
Hematologists are zeroing in on the escalating humanitarian crisis in southern Europe by assessing the burden of blood disorders among refugees and identifying strategies to facilitate more timely identification and treatment of refugees with sickle cell disease. (news-medical.net)
In a breakthrough study of sickle cell disease, biomedical engineers in the University of Minnesota College of Science and Engineering have revealed that the building blocks of the disease are much less efficient at organizing than previously thought. (news-medical.net)
Some diseases also display red cells of abnormal shape-e.g., oval in pernicious anemia , crescent-shaped in sickle cell anemia , and with projections giving a thorny appearance in the hereditary disorder acanthocytosis. (britannica.com)
Some conditions which can involve these cells include sickle cell anemia , leukemia , anemias, and transfusion reactions. (wisegeek.com)
The sickle cell anemia mutation may protect against malaria by preventing the parasite from sending dangerous proteins to the red blood cell surface. (the-scientist.com)
Two hemoglobin mutations, including one that causes sickle cell anemia, may protect people from severe malaria by gumming up the cellular machinery the parasite uses to transmit deadly proteins to the cell surface. (the-scientist.com)

Because they are reprogrammed adult cells, these stem cells share many of the same regenerative abilities as true embryonic stem cells but may not have as much versatility in the kinds of mature cells they can become. (wired.com)
While embryonic stem cells are able to replicate and so create a limitless supply, the Monash scientists are still working on how to make the embryonic cells stable so they do not turn cancerous. (medindia.net)
Meanwhile in U.S, embryonic stem cell technology companies are awaiting the 2008 elections, with an ill-concealed urgency. (medindia.net)
The dominant thinking is that regime change, whether Republican or Democratic, will move the ball forward in terms of the federal funds embargo on human embryonic stem cell research," says Geoffrey Crouse, vice president of a life science unit. (medindia.net)
Animal studies showed transplanted human embryonic stem cells improved heart function after a heart attack. (medindia.net)
Some experts opine Washington brings about bad science when it limits federal funds to non-embryonic stem cell research. (medindia.net)
Written before the discovery of human embryonic stem cells, the ban on federal funding for stem-cell research bars the use of federal money for creation of human embryos for research and for research in which human embryos are destroyed. (medindia.net)
Scientists have succeeded in manufacturing human blood from embryonic stem cells. (newser.com)
People don't usually think about these types of cells when they talk about human embryonic stem cell therapy, but it is important,' said a scientists. (newser.com)
It is wonderful to pretend that supporters of embryonic stem cell research oppose funding of other types of research, but it is patently a lie. (conservapedia.com)
It is generally only those who oppose embryonic stem cell research who oppose funding of any particular type of stem cell research. (conservapedia.com)
Scientists said Tuesday they have devised a way to grow large quantities of blood in the lab using human embryonic stem cells, potentially making blood drives a relic of the past. (spokesman.com)
The research team outlined a four-step process for turning embryonic stem cells into red blood cells capable of carrying as much oxygen as normal blood. (spokesman.com)
But most of the cells had embryonic or fetal versions of globin, the compound in red blood cells that carries oxygen. (spokesman.com)
In the latest experiments, he and his colleagues now describe methods for coaxing adult blood cells to become so-called induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPS) --- adult cells reprogrammed to an embryonic like state, and with unprecedented efficiencies. (newswise.com)
5. The method of claim 2, wherein the cell is a human embryonic kidney (HEK) cell. (freepatentsonline.com)

Aug. 18 (UPI) -- A U.S.-led study shows endometrial regenerative cells from menstrual blood can restore blood flow in animal models of peripheral artery disease. (upi.com)
In the mid-1990s, my research group began to devise a method to establish endothelial cell cultures from human peripheral blood, with an ultimate goal of examining interindividual heterogeneity of endothelial biology. (jci.org)
Peripheral-blood stem cells versus bone marrow from unrelated donors. (nih.gov)
Randomized trials have shown that the transplantation of filgrastim-mobilized peripheral-blood stem cells from HLA-identical siblings accelerates engraftment but increases the risks of acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), as compared with the transplantation of bone marrow. (nih.gov)
Some studies have also shown that peripheral-blood stem cells are associated with a decreased rate of relapse and improved survival among recipients with high-risk leukemia. (nih.gov)
We conducted a phase 3, multicenter, randomized trial of transplantation of peripheral-blood stem cells versus bone marrow from unrelated donors to compare 2-year survival probabilities with the use of an intention-to-treat analysis. (nih.gov)
Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to peripheral-blood stem-cell or bone marrow transplantation, stratified according to transplantation center and disease risk. (nih.gov)
The overall survival rate at 2 years in the peripheral-blood group was 51% (95% confidence interval [CI], 45 to 57), as compared with 46% (95% CI, 40 to 52) in the bone marrow group (P=0.29), with an absolute difference of 5 percentage points (95% CI, -3 to 14). (nih.gov)
The overall incidence of graft failure in the peripheral-blood group was 3% (95% CI, 1 to 5), versus 9% (95% CI, 6 to 13) in the bone marrow group (P=0.002). (nih.gov)
The incidence of chronic GVHD at 2 years in the peripheral-blood group was 53% (95% CI, 45 to 61), as compared with 41% (95% CI, 34 to 48) in the bone marrow group (P=0.01). (nih.gov)
We did not detect significant survival differences between peripheral-blood stem-cell and bone marrow transplantation from unrelated donors. (nih.gov)
Exploratory analyses of secondary end points indicated that peripheral-blood stem cells may reduce the risk of graft failure, whereas bone marrow may reduce the risk of chronic GVHD. (nih.gov)

After battling an infection, dead neutrophils are left behind with a mixture of fluid and other cell parts that is called pus. (ehow.co.uk)
Bands are immature neutrophils that are seen in the blood. (howstuffworks.com)
Special stem cells in the bone marrow give rise to neutrophils, also known as polymorphonuclear leukocytes or PMNs. (livestrong.com)
Like neutrophils, these white blood cells can respond to a site of infection, activate and phagocytize invading bacteria. (livestrong.com)

A blood cell , also called a hematopoietic cell , hemocyte , or hematocyte , is a cell produced through hematopoiesis and found mainly in the blood . (wikipedia.org)

They circulate in the blood of mammals and are involved in hemostasis, leading to the formation of blood clots. (wikipedia.org)
White blood cells circulate around the blood and help the immune system fight off infections. (medicalnewstoday.com)
They circulate in the blood so that they can be transported to an area where an infection has developed. (howstuffworks.com)
Experts at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia have discovered that a protein called Lnk is key to the normal growth of blood cells, shedding new light on the biological events that convert stem cells in the bone marrow into the broad variety of cells that circulate in the blood. (medindia.net)

The device counts the number of tumour cells in a blood sample in real time and is thus a highly effective tool for improving the monitoring, treatment and diagnosis of cancer. (eurekalert.org)
During this time, blood cell counts run low. (webmd.com)
For electronic WBC counts and differentials, interference may be caused by small fibrin clots, nucleated red blood cells (RBCs), platelet clumping, and unlysed RBCs. (encyclopedia.com)
White cell counts are usually performed using an automated instrument, but may be done manually using a microscope and a counting chamber, especially when counts are very low, or if the patient has a condition known to interfere with an automated WBC count. (encyclopedia.com)
White blood cell counts are highest in children under one year of age and then decrease somewhat until adulthood. (encyclopedia.com)
Medicines, both prescription and over-the-counter, can affect white blood cell counts. (healthline.com)
University of Rochester Medical Center scientists are testing a new approach to speed a patient's recovery of blood counts during a vulnerable period after a stem-cell transplant, according to a study published in the journal Stem Cells . (rochester.edu)
During the first six weeks or so after a transplant, patients can easily acquire serious infections due to low blood counts. (rochester.edu)
Having bone marrow suppression can cause low blood cell counts, which means lower levels of one or more types of blood cells. (cancer.ca)
When the bone marrow doesn't work properly, blood cells are not replaced as they normally would be and blood cell counts drop. (cancer.ca)
Blood cell counts usually start to drop 7-10 days or longer after treatment. (cancer.ca)
The lowest level that blood cell counts reach is called the nadir. (cancer.ca)
Symptoms of low blood cell counts are often worse at nadir. (cancer.ca)
Blood cell counts often begin to recover and rise on their own, usually 2-4 weeks after treatment. (cancer.ca)
Low blood cell counts can cause delays in treatment, changes in treatment and unscheduled trips to the hospital. (cancer.ca)
Your healthcare team will frequently check your blood cell counts. (cancer.ca)
Low blood cell counts can be caused by the cancer itself or its treatments. (cancer.ca)
People with kidney or liver problems have a higher risk of low blood cell counts while on chemotherapy because their bodies can't break down the chemotherapy drugs. (cancer.ca)
Symptoms of low blood cell counts can vary depending on their cause and other factors. (cancer.ca)
Your doctor will try to find the cause of low blood cell counts. (cancer.ca)
CBCs are often done throughout treatment to check for low blood cell counts. (cancer.ca)
This test may be done to find the cause of low blood cell counts if they are low for a long period of time. (cancer.ca)
Once the cause of low blood cell counts is known, your healthcare team can develop a treatment plan. (cancer.ca)
Some people need medicines or blood transfusions to treat severe problems caused by low blood cell counts. (cancer.ca)
If you are found to have such a disease, your doctor may monitor your white cell counts to ensure they remain at proper levels. (livestrong.com)
Autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis can also lead to bone marrow failure and low white cell counts. (livestrong.com)
A number of viral infections are associated with lower white blood cell counts. (livestrong.com)

Red blood cells or erythrocytes , primarily carry oxygen and collect carbon dioxide through the use of haemoglobin . (wikipedia.org)
The hemoglobin in the red blood cells ensures that our body cells receive sufficient oxygen. (news-medical.net)
It proves to be the first identified disease caused by defective myoglobin, the protein that transports oxygen in muscle cells. (news-medical.net)
A healthy adult makes about 2 million blood cells every second, and 99 percent of them are oxygen-carrying red blood cells. (news-medical.net)
Aerobic cellular metabolism involves the use of oxygen to boost the production of ATP in mitochondria, the cell structures responsible for energy production. (reference.com)
its concentration in red cells in vertebrates, so that oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged as gases, is more efficient and represents an important evolutionary development. (britannica.com)
The biconcave shape of the cell allows oxygen exchange at a constant rate over the largest possible area. (britannica.com)
During these circuits, the cell must repeatedly squeeze through incredibly small capillaries (less than half its size) in the organs and brain to deliver oxygen before assuming its recognisable biconcave shape. (bristol.ac.uk)
Red blood cells, also known as erythrocytes, carry oxygen from your lungs to every cell in your body. (medlineplus.gov)
Your cells need oxygen to grow, reproduce, and stay healthy. (medlineplus.gov)
Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. (medlineplus.gov)
The iron allows the red blood cell to carry gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide. (edhelper.com)
When blood flows to the lungs, oxygen binds to the hemoglobin in red blood cells. (edhelper.com)
Red blood cells deliver oxygen to your cells. (edhelper.com)
Red blood cells (RBCs), the most ubiquitous cell type in the human blood, constitute highly specialized entities with unique shape, size, mechanical flexibility and material composition, all of which are optimized for extraordinary circulation time (~120 days) and biological performance (oxygen delivery). (aiche.org)
Synthetic RBCs exhibited high oxygen carrying capacity comparable to mouse blood on a per particle basis, upon adequate deposition of Hb as measured with the chemiluminescence reaction of luminol with Hb. (aiche.org)
The enzymes react to the glucose and oxygen to create a current that flows along the platinum wire and out of the fuel cell. (treehugger.com)
These cells contain hemoglobin , which makes them highly efficient oxygen transporters. (wisegeek.com)
At the lungs, red blood cells participate in gas exchange, trading carbon dioxide they have picked up elsewhere in the body for oxygen molecules taken in by the lungs. (wisegeek.com)
Then, the blood returns to circulation, carrying the oxygen with it. (wisegeek.com)
These cells are capable of deforming in shape so that they can fit into tiny capillaries , releasing oxygen and picking up carbon dioxide along the way. (wisegeek.com)
When the cells become oxygen deprived, they release these compounds to encourage greater circulation of oxygen to an area that is in need of it. (wisegeek.com)
Research has shown that it is the mutation to one of their hemoglobin genes, which codes for the oxygen-transporting protein in red blood cells, that was responsible for the fortuitous effect, and that other mutations in that same gene were also protective. (the-scientist.com)
A cell that carries oxygen to all parts of the body. (fpnotebook.com)

February 4, 2011 - Scientists report that they have successfully grown and tested collagen-based tubes made from human donor tissue that can be used as blood vessel-like grafts in surgical procedures like coronary artery bypass and for creating vascular access points for patients who need kidney dialysis. (medscape.com)
An EU-funded project has developed a blood-cell analysis device that helps doctors and scientists better understand the causes and mechanics of rare forms of anemia - potentially speeding up the development of new treatments adjusted to the needs of patients with these diseases. (news-medical.net)
The intact red and white blood cells came from a small slice of abdominal muscle taken from a whooly mammoth calf unearthed three years ago by Soviet scientists near Magadan in Siberia. (washingtonpost.com)
The new technique will allow scientists to tap a large, readily available source of personalized stem cells. (wired.com)
Scientists' manipulations turned the stem cells in the new studies into several types of mature blood cells, including infection-fighting T cells. (wired.com)
Scientists from Monash University's Australian Stem Cell Center have announced the creation of a genetic tool that may open the way for production of unlimited amounts of a safe transfusable blood product in unlimited quantities. (medindia.net)
Scientists might know the approved stem cells for which they can get funding won't work. (medindia.net)
A team of scientists in Gujarat has now succeeded in making memristors out of modified human blood cells. (fastcompany.com)
WASHINGTON, March 26, 2014) - Research published online today in Blood , the Journal of the American Society of Hematology , presents an unprecedented look at five unique blood cells in the human body, pinpointing the location of key genetic regulators in these cells and providing a new tool that may help scientists to identify how blood cells form and shed light on the etiology of blood diseases. (eurekalert.org)
Scientists have discovered the world's oldest blood cells in the remains of a prehistoric iceman. (vibe.com)
To achieve this, the scientists combined the use of sensitive mass spectrometry (to detect specific protein changes) with two ways to 'squeeze' the cells. (bristol.ac.uk)
In one report, scientists discovered that blood stem cells that retain the capacity to self-renew have a protein on their cell surface called Tie2, a feature distinguishing them from blood stem cells that may be on a path to become mature blood cells. (nih.gov)
Before the introduction of his technique, which involved immersing the red cells in a solution of glycerol, freezing them and later removing the glycerol with a sugar compound, scientists could freeze the cells, but the cells were damaged while thawing. (nytimes.com)
Scientists at Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Georgia Tech have found that modulating blood-forming stem cells' stiffness could possibly facilitate mobilization procedures used for stem cell-based transplants. (eurekalert.org)
The Ptpn21-mutant cells were indeed squishier, and the scientists were able to measure exactly how much. (eurekalert.org)
Scientists discovered a new way breast cancer cells dodge the immune system and promote tumor growth, providing a fresh treatment target in the fight against the disease. (scienceblog.com)
Scientists have identified a protein that acts as a "master switch" in certain white blood cells, determining whether they promote or inhibit inflammation. (scienceblog.com)
Johns Hopkins scientists have identified a previously unrecognized step in the activation of infection-fighting white blood cells, the main immunity troops in the body's war on bacteria, viruses and foreign proteins. (scienceblog.com)
Newswise - Johns Hopkins scientists have developed a reliable method to turn the clock back on blood cells, restoring them to a primitive stem cell state from which they can then develop into any other type of cell in the body. (newswise.com)
Zambidis says his team has managed to develop a "super efficient, virus-free" way to make iPS cells, overcoming a persistent difficulty for scientists working with these cells in the laboratory. (newswise.com)
Traditionally, scientists use viruses to deliver a package of genes to cells to turn on processes that convert the cells from one type (such as skin or blood) back to stem cell states. (newswise.com)
When scientists compared the cells grown using the blood cell method with iPS cells grown from hair cells and from skin cells, they found that the most superior iPS cells came from blood stem cells treated with just four genes and cultured with the bone marrow cells. (newswise.com)
Scientists already know that stress causes HSCs to slow down reconstituting the entire blood-cell supply system can be overwhelming. (freerepublic.com)

Dissolving hypodermics , Huntingdon's treatment , Diamond-cooled nuclear reactor , Flapping spy vehicle , Anti-ecstasy antibodies , Non-explosive hydrogen storage , Shape-shifting dishwasher , Long-life solar cells , Heartbeat radar , and Nanotube X-ray enhancer . (newscientist.com)
This prompted two letters describing an earlier study by David Taussig and others which found that the antibodies used to detect the leukemogenic cells first identified by John Dick changed their behaviour. (nature.com)
B cells bearing antibodies and T cells bearing ab or gd receptors recognize the appearance of an invader in the body in different ways. (scientificamerican.com)
B cell antibodies bind to the invading particle, such as a bacterium, in the form in which it enters the body. (scientificamerican.com)
Others produce antibodies or destroy dead cells. (dictionary.com)
The system has been successfully tested on patients in various stages of breast cancer and could be used to determine the presence of other tumours by analysing different antibodies in the blood sample. (eurekalert.org)
The main function of these cells is to create and release antibodies and to protect the body from cancer cells. (ehow.co.uk)
As antibodies attack and destroy healthy white blood cells, white cell numbers decline. (livestrong.com)

Basophil , type of white blood cell ( leukocyte ) that is characterized histologically by its ability to be stained by basic dyes and functionally by its role in mediating hypersensitivity reactions of the immune system . (britannica.com)

The implication is that using cord blood may be a better choice to mop up leukaemia," he says. (newscientist.com)
AlphaMed Press and the Cord Blood Association (CBA) are pleased to announce that STEM CELLS Translational Medicine (SCTM) is now the association's official journal. (prweb.com)
With this partnership, SCTM will launch a new journal section dedicated to cord blood research. (prweb.com)
We are delighted to initiate this partnership with the Cord Blood Association," said Anthony Atala, M.D., Editor-in-Chief of STEM CELLS Translational Medicine and Director of the Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine. (prweb.com)
CBA is an international nonprofit organization that promotes the work of the cord blood community for the purpose of saving lives, improving health, and changing medicine. (prweb.com)
The Cord Blood Association is excited and honored to partner with Stem Cells Translational Medicine to showcase the newest and highest quality translational and clinical applications of cord blood and cord tissue based therapies," said Dr. Kurtzberg. (prweb.com)
But to build a scaffold that looks like a heart valve then hope and anticipate that the cord blood cells will take that hint and differentiate, I think is very innovative," he added. (go.com)
What About Cord Blood? (webmd.com)
Some families bank cord blood for future use by that child or a sibling. (webmd.com)
Families can donate cord blood for public use. (webmd.com)
Donated cord blood has become a good choice for patients who can't find a close match in their own families. (webmd.com)
Learn about how to donate cord blood, donor eligibility, important registration information, registration and consent forms (available in multiple languages), where to donate, how your baby's cord blood may be used, safety standards and more. (blood.ca)
Learn about stem cell and cord blood donor eligibility, how to register, who can register, the stem cells knowledge test, registration events, accessing registration forms in other languages, donating cord blood for research and more. (blood.ca)
Canadian Blood Services' Cord Blood Bank follows Health Canada regulations to make sure cord blood is collected safely and effectively. (blood.ca)
For the new study, the Johns Hopkins team took cord blood cells, treated them with growth factors, and used plasmids to transfer four genes into them. (newswise.com)

Now that I have had some other blood tests come back abnormal lately they are starting to look at it, but before the other tests came back abnormal they were not concerned about it. (medhelp.org)
When the electronic WBC count is abnormal or a cell population is flagged, meaning that one or more of the results is atypical, a manual differential is performed. (encyclopedia.com)
Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder passed on through parental genes causing the body to produce abnormal hemoglobin. (medindia.net)
The tumor blood-vessel cells were abnormal and highly variable in appearance compared with normal cells," Gao says. (innovations-report.com)
Leukemia often results in the production of a large number of abnormal white blood cells. (livestrong.com)

The number of white blood cells in circulation is commonly increased in the incidence of infection . (wikipedia.org)
Alexey Bersenev has written in to warn for caution in extrapolating potential applications of a recent Nature paper that identified a mechanism linking circadian rhythms and the movement of blood stem cells into circulation. (nature.com)
Chemists have turned red blood cells into long lived sensors that could be put back into circulation to monitor the make up of patients' blood in real time. (slashdot.org)
The hematopoietic niche of the bone marrow supports the survival and self-renewal of HSCs and HPCs, yet prevents the ill-timed release of these cells into the circulation. (nih.gov)
Research continues in order to identify more effective strategies to mobilize cells out of the microenvironment of the marrow and into the circulation. (nih.gov)

RBCs are formed in the red bone marrow from hematopoietic stem cells in a process known as erythropoiesis . (wikipedia.org)
They are produced and derived from multipotent cells in the bone marrow known as a hematopoietic stem cells . (wikipedia.org)
All white blood cells are produced and derived from multipotent cells in the bone marrow known as hematopoietic stem cells . (wikipedia.org)
The findings "lend support to the idea that therapeutic strategies targeting release of … cells from bone marrow should be considered in this disease," they write. (medscape.com)
Stem cells in the bone marrow are responsible for producing white blood cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The bone marrow then stores an estimated 80-90% of white blood cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
This is a condition wherein a person's body destroys stem cells in the bone marrow. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. (medicalnewstoday.com)
My blood work kept coming up strange and finally one doctor sent me to an Oncologist and he did a bone marrow biopsy and found out that what I had was Polyecthemia Vera. (medhelp.org)
Stem cells from bone marrow transplants are used to repopulate their circulatory system with healthy blood cells. (newscientist.com)
White blood cells are formed mainly in the bone marrow, and unlike red blood cells, have a cell nucleus. (dictionary.com)
The high-dose chemotherapy or radiation used to kill blood cancer cells also kills healthy bone marrow. (webmd.com)
They may get many tests, including blood tests, chest X-rays, and bone marrow tests. (webmd.com)
White blood cells are produced by your bone marrow to help your body fight infection. (breastcancer.org)
In experiments in mice, blood stem cells with surface Tie2 were also more effective at migrating to the bone marrow, where they normally reside and self-renew. (nih.gov)
To replenish the lost cells, HSCs and HPCs are routinely harvested from a donor's or patient's blood, and then transplanted back into the patient at the conclusion of the chemotherapy procedure to repopulate the bone marrow. (nih.gov)
Tong said that quiescent stem cells were more likely to succeed in a recipient when they were used in bone marrow transplantation. (medindia.net)
How deformable cells are, and thus how stiff or squishy they are, plays an important role in retaining blood-forming stem cells in their marrow niches and thus preserving their long-term. (eurekalert.org)
How deformable cells are, and thus how stiff or squishy they are, plays an important role in retaining blood-forming stem cells in their marrow niches and thus preserving their long-term repopulation capabilities, says lead author Cheng-Kui Qu, MD, PhD. The research provides insights into how alterations in blood stem cell biomechanics can be associated with certain blood disorders, including leukemias. (eurekalert.org)
Instead, doctors use a drug (G-CSF) that encourages blood-forming stem cells to leave the bone marrow and enter the blood, because it generally gives a higher yield. (eurekalert.org)
The mutant mice were very sensitive to chemotherapy drugs, but it was also easier to spur blood stem cells out of their bone marrow. (eurekalert.org)
Laura M. Calvi, M.D. , and Rebecca L. Porter , an M.D./Ph.D. student in Calvi's lab, reported that prostaglandin E2 ( PGE2 ), a drug previously used to treat stomach ulcers, boosts blood production following an assault on the bone marrow from radiation or chemotherapy. (rochester.edu)
It's during this window that we're investigating new opportunities for replenishing cells in the bone marrow, and understanding the mechanisms by which this occurs. (rochester.edu)
Blood stem cells mostly live in the bone marrow (spongy center of bones) where they divide or stay quiet, mature, and then enter the blood stream, or die. (rochester.edu)
These flexible stem cells, able to morph into a variety of cell types, are called "pluripotent," and before this Argonne research, they have been found only in fetal tissue, which is limited, and in bone marrow, which is difficult to collect. (scienceblog.com)
The blood cells were also given an additional new step in which they were stimulated with their natural bone-marrow environment. (newswise.com)
The scientific team next grew some of the treated cells in a dish alone, and some together with irradiated bone-marrow cells. (newswise.com)
Their techniques also were successful in experiments with blood cells from adult bone marrow and from circulating blood. (newswise.com)
When the bone marrow doesn't make normal numbers of blood cells it is called bone marrow suppression or myelosuppression. (cancer.ca)
When blood cells die, they are normally replaced by new ones made in the bone marrow. (cancer.ca)
Some cancer treatments, including chemotherapy and radiation therapy, can affect the bone marrow so it doesn't make normal numbers of blood cells. (cancer.ca)
Lymphoma and some solid tumours can spread to the bone marrow and affect blood cell production. (cancer.ca)
Both arise from the same type of stem cell in the bone marrow. (livestrong.com)
The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute explains that aplastic anemia is a disorder of the bone marrow in which the bone marrow fails to produce sufficient red blood cells and white blood cells. (livestrong.com)
HIV can also lower levels granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), a hormone that regulates white cell production by bone marrow. (livestrong.com)
The Mayo Clinic describes leukemia as a cancer of the bone marrow that disrupts the production of blood cells. (livestrong.com)
This is because the chemotherapy can affect your bone marrow, and your bone marrow is responsible for creating red blood cells. (wisegeek.com)

White blood cells or leukocytes , are cells of the immune system involved in defending the body against both infectious disease and foreign materials. (wikipedia.org)
Leukocytes are found throughout the body, including the blood and lymphatic system . (wikipedia.org)
The number of leukocytes in the blood is often an indicator of disease , and thus the white blood cell count is an important subset of the complete blood count . (wikipedia.org)
Leukocytes, or white blood cells as they are more commonly known, are a major part of the body's immune system. (ehow.co.uk)
It determines the number of leukocytes in the blood. (everything2.com)
In general, for adults a count of more than 11,000 white blood cells (leukocytes) in a microliter of blood is considered a high white blood cell count. (mayoclinic.org)
A test to determine the number of leukocytes in a sample of blood. (fpnotebook.com)

[3] White blood cells make up approximately 1% of the total blood volume in a healthy adult, [4] making them substantially less numerous than the red blood cells at 40% to 45% . (wikipedia.org)
The most common source has been adult skin cells called fibroblasts, which have been manipulated into stem cells and then neurons ( SN: 2/27/10, p. 5 ). (wired.com)
there are some 5.2 million red cells per cubic millimetre of blood in the adult human. (britannica.com)
Lanza said the research team is conducting additional experiments to see whether the stem cells will produce more adult globin if given more time to mature in the lab. (spokesman.com)
A second advance assessed whether intact, functional mitochondrial respiration is required for the function of mouse fetal and adult blood stem cells. (nih.gov)
Another set of experiments confirmed that intact mitochondrial respiration is also essential for adult mouse blood stem cell functions. (nih.gov)
In contrast to normal adult blood stem cells, those lacking RISP initially generated more cells, but soon these cells died-resulting in an inadequate number of blood stem cells to self-renew or mature into specialized blood cells. (nih.gov)
Taking a cell from an adult and converting it all the way back to the way it was when that person was a 6-day-old embryo creates a completely new biology toward our understanding of how cells age and what happens when things go wrong, as in cancer development," Zambidis says. (newswise.com)
Chapter One," Zambidis says, was work described last spring in PLoS One in which Zambidis and colleagues recounted the use of this successful method of safely transforming adult blood cells into heart cells. (newswise.com)

When the blood pigment is broken down, "heme" is produced, which in turn can influence the protein cocktail in the blood. (news-medical.net)
It is this combination of viral peptide and MHC protein that the ab T cell receptors recognize. (scientificamerican.com)
Meanwhile, Elefanty claims his team had found a 'particular protein' that only red blood cells make. (medindia.net)
A 'color tagged' solution was inserted into this protein, which could help identify only those cells that made that red blood protein. (medindia.net)
Theorem one is that molecules such as protein and polysaccharides are more concentrated inside the cell than outside the cell when the cell is in distilled water. (ipl.org)
The investigators found that deficiency in a protein component of the mitochondrial respiration process, called RISP, resulted in a mouse fetus that developed fewer red blood cells than normal and subsequently died. (nih.gov)
The naturally occurring protein G-CSF often is used clinically to mobilize cells, but this strategy does not work for approximately 10 to 20 percent of individuals. (nih.gov)
When a growth factor in the blood called thrombopoietin (TPO) acts on its cell receptor, it triggers signals along a pathway that includes another protein, JAK2. (medindia.net)
They found they could make cells lacking Ptpn21 stiff again by interfering with the function of another protein, Septin1. (eurekalert.org)
Fairhurst and his colleagues published a paper showing that compared to normal cells, red blood cells carrying two hemoglobin mutations had lower surface concentrations of a virulent, sticky protein produced by the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum . (the-scientist.com)
The protein, which is normally shuttled from the parasite's protein making factory inside the cells to the cell surface, prevents the body from clearing infected blood cells. (the-scientist.com)
Somehow, it seemed, the mutations were preventing the parasite from setting up its protein factory effectively, thereby reducing protein transport outside the cell. (the-scientist.com)
Actin placed with oxidized hemoglobin similarly failed to form long chains, suggesting that oxidation was indeed responsible for the difference in the parasite's protein machinery seen in cells with mutated and normal hemoglobin. (the-scientist.com)
If the cells are alive on the chip, which they are, and if you have a new 'smart' drug that's supposed to attack a particular protein, you can test in the cell if the protein is being attached by the drug," he said. (health24.com)

The normal white cell count is usually between 4 × 10 9 /L and 1.1 × 10 10 /L. In the US, this is usually expressed as 4,000 to 11,000 white blood cells per microliter of blood. (wikipedia.org)

RBCs are the most common cells in human blood. (healthline.com)
We describe a novel biomimetic strategy for fabrication of particles that mimic the physical and functional properties of body's own circulating cells such as red blood cells (RBCs). (aiche.org)

Mature red blood cells are unique among cells in the human body in that they lack a nucleus (although erythroblasts do have a nucleus). (wikipedia.org)
The suspected circulating ovarian cancer cell (in red with a blue nucleus) is surrounded by normal blood cells (in green with blue nuclei). (kpbs.org)
during two to five days of development, the erythroblast gradually fills with hemoglobin, and its nucleus and mitochondria (particles in the cytoplasm that provide energy for the cell) disappear. (britannica.com)
Up to 65 percent of the resulting cells matured to the point where they shed their nucleus, which allows them to take on the distinctive doughnut shape of circulating red blood cells, said Dr. Robert Lanza, chief scientific officer at Advanced Cell Technology Inc. and the study's senior author. (spokesman.com)

The name, White Blood Cells, for the album, is this idea of bacteria coming at us, or just foreign things coming at us, or media, or attention on the band," Jack White explained in a 2001 interview. (wikipedia.org)
They are like little warriors floating around in your blood waiting to attack invaders, like viruses and bacteria. (kidshealth.org)
Goodman explained that under uncontrolled conditions like those found in the Siberian permafrost, most body cells long ago would have been destroyed by scavengers bacteria or the constant process of thaw and refreezing that might tear the cells apart. (washingtonpost.com)
These processes include increased movement of blood cells to the place where the invader has entered the body, increased phagocytosis (eating) by blood cells and activation of enzymes in the blood that can create holes in bacteria and hence destroy them. (scientificamerican.com)
For example, effector B cells, called plasma cells, secrete antibody molecules that bind to invading bacteria and viruses and help eliminate them from the body. (scientificamerican.com)
Besides this, the white blood cells are perpetually waging war against the bacteria in our bodies. (dictionary.com)
The war between the white blood cells and the bacteria is a bitter one. (dictionary.com)
Some white blood cells act as scavengers by engulfing foreign particles (such as bacteria ) and destroying them. (dictionary.com)
I say we are bacteria and or virus for this planet, not blood cells. (abovetopsecret.com)
Westminster, Colo. (August 26, 2010) -- The term "macrophage" conjures images of a hungry white blood cell gobbling invading bacteria. (scienceblog.com)
White blood cells play a key role in defending the body against invading bacteria and viruses. (livestrong.com)
When bacteria lyse a red blood cell - meaning that they cause it to break down - they unwittingly bring themselves down in the process because the dying cell releases compounds that break down the cell walls of the bacteria and kill them. (wisegeek.com)

I have to take a drug on a daily basis to keep the red blood cells in check and also have frequent phlebotmies(like giving blood at a donor center) I was told that this diseases can mimick many other and the only way to know for sure is through the biopsy. (medhelp.org)
Transplants can involve the patient's own cells (autologous) or cells from a donor (allogeneic). (webmd.com)
There can be problems if the new cells attack the patient's cells or the patient's immune system attacks the donor cells. (webmd.com)
Then the donor is connected to a machine that filters the stem cells from the donor's blood and returns the rest. (webmd.com)
Yet they subdue the immune system enough to let donor stem cells take hold. (webmd.com)
Getting ready for a stem cell transplant can be hard -- with many medical tests, trying to find a matching donor, and enduring pre-transplant chemotherapy and radiation. (webmd.com)
But experts cautioned that although it represented a significant technical advance, the new approach required several key improvements before it could be considered a realistic alternative to donor blood. (spokesman.com)
The ability to make blood in the lab would guarantee that hospitals and blood banks have access to an ample supply of all types of blood, including the rare AB-negative and O-negative, the universal donor. (spokesman.com)
It would also ensure that patients are never at risk of contracting diseases such as hepatitis C or HIV, which can be acquired from donor blood, said Dr. Dan Kaufman, associate director of the University of Minnesota's Stem Cell Institute, who wasn't involved in the study. (spokesman.com)
Learn about how to donate stem cells, donor eligibility, important registration information, registration forms (available in multiple languages), knowledge testing and more. (blood.ca)
Learn about commonly dispelled stem cell myths including where stems cells are sourced from, donor-recipient matching, how transplantation works and more. (blood.ca)

Together, these three kinds of blood cells add up to a total 45% of the blood tissue by volume, with the remaining 55% of the volume composed of plasma , the liquid component of blood. (wikipedia.org)
That process was time consuming, however, requiring six to nine months for harvested cells to multiply and grow a sheet of tissue that could be rolled into a tube and implanted in the body. (medscape.com)
The muscle cells then secreted proteins, primarily collagen, which formed a ring of biosynthetic tissue around the gradually dissolving scaffold, says study researcher Shannon L. M. Dahl, PhD, senior director of scientific operations for Humacyte. (medscape.com)
Though long dead, the intact red and white blood cells strongly suggest that the relatively new technique of freezing human body tissue and blood fractions can be improved upon in the laboratory. (washingtonpost.com)
Blood drawn with a simple needle stick can be coaxed into producing stem cells that may have the ability to form any type of tissue in the body, three independent papers report in the July 2 Cell Stem Cell . (wired.com)
More research is needed to determine whether these cells can be further coaxed to form fully functional tissue, says Rudolf Jaenisch of MIT and the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research in Cambridge, Massachusetts, who led one of the studies. (wired.com)
The concern is that if these cells retain traces of memory from their previous lives as blood cells, they may not be good at forming other tissue types. (wired.com)
Endometrial regenerative cells are stem cells taken from menstrual blood that are capable of forming into at least nine different tissue types, including heart, liver and lung. (upi.com)
The tissue-engineered vascular grafts, which were grown from donated skin cells, were implanted in the arms of three patients in Poland to create shunts, or access points, for kidney dialysis . (webmd.com)
The cells are grown under conditions that encourage the production of collagen until a sheet of tissue forms. (webmd.com)
MS is a persistent autoimmune disease in which cells of the immune system attack the fatty layer of tissue that surround the nerve fibers, or axons, in the CNS, mistaking it for a disease agent or other threat. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Moreover, the tumours rapidly filled up with CD8 cells, the killer cells that actually destroy cancerous tissue. (newscientist.com)
The mission and goals of both parties are aligned to maximize sharing of advances in these novel cell and tissue based therapies. (prweb.com)
Studies on his tissue taken from the arrow wound turned up the oldest documented blood cells. (vibe.com)
The stem cells went on to form a layer of tissue which included several characteristics of the "extracellular matrix," or the section of tissue outside of cells. (go.com)
Our approach could allow hundreds of thousands of patients to be treated from one master cell line," said study lead author Todd N. McAllister, Ph.D., co-founder and chief executive officer of Cytograft Tissue Engineering Inc., of Novato, Calif. (redorbit.com)
Phagocytes also ingest dead cells and debris caused by tissue injury. (livestrong.com)

Another letter pointed out the role that the extracellular matrix plays in shielding transplanted cells from the immune response, and suggested that this could provide insight in developing immune-based therapies to cancer. (nature.com)
These cells are responsible for attacking and killing viral cells, as well as cancer cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
In the near future, oncologists may be using a finger-size plastic chip with tiny channels to extract a dozen or so cancer cells from a sample of a patient's blood. (technologyreview.com)
That current technology is not able to detect circulating tumor cells when they're present only in very small numbers, says Daniel Haber , director of the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, and cannot capture the full diversity of cells that escape from different tumor types in patients. (technologyreview.com)
Finding these cells in patients in real time has tremendous application for monitoring the genotype of the cancer and for early detection. (technologyreview.com)
The MGH device and some others in development isolate rare cancer cells by discarding all red blood cells and white blood cells, which typically outnumber circulating tumor cells by the billions. (technologyreview.com)
Beyond the potential to improve cancer treatment, devices that can capture circulating tumor cells could help biologists uncover the secrets of cancer's deadly spread. (technologyreview.com)
This is the first time that you are looking at cancer cells in transit. (technologyreview.com)
Research underway in San Diego analyzes blood from women with ovarian cancer to track tumor cells and better understand the spread of cancer. (kpbs.org)
By analyzing circulating tumor cells in the blood stream they hope to get a better understanding of the spread of cancer. (kpbs.org)
Blood of woman with ovarian cancer. (kpbs.org)
It is open to all women with a history of ovarian cancer and involves a one-time blood donation. (kpbs.org)
The specific genetic alterations that are responsible for a normal cell turning into a cancer cell show up in the levels of messenger RNA in the cell, and these differences are often very subtle," said Dr. Forrest. (eurekalert.org)
Now that we have these incredibly detailed pictures of each of these cell types, we can now work backwards to compare cancer cells to the cells they came from originally to better understand what may have triggered the cells to malfunction, so we will be better equipped to develop new and more effective therapies. (eurekalert.org)
In some cases, therapy followed by stem cell replacement cures the cancer. (webmd.com)
Blood cancer treatment usually starts with chemotherapy, either alone or with other drugs and treatments. (webmd.com)
However, some cancer centers are trying stem cell transplants as a first treatment. (webmd.com)
Mini stem cell transplants, also called reduced-intensity conditioning, can kill some cancer cells. (webmd.com)
Brian Wojciechowski, M.D. explains different types of white blood cells, how breast cancer treatment lowers their levels, and what low white blood cell levels mean for your risk of infection. (breastcancer.org)
Similar, existing devices-including earlier versions developed by the authors of the current study, which appears in Wednesday's online issue of Science Translational Medicine -depend on tumor-specific biomarkers on the surface of the cells to pull them out of a blood sample, meaning that a given device won't work for all cancer types. (technologyreview.com)
Mehmet Toner , director of the BioMicroElectroMechanical Systems Resource Center at MGH, and colleagues report that their latest chip can isolate circulating tumor cells in the blood and that it could help detect all types of cancer. (technologyreview.com)
The authors show that 15 tumor cells were recovered from a blood sample from a prostate cancer patient. (technologyreview.com)
Would a blood test for CTC definitively say if I have recurrent prostate cancer or not? (medhelp.org)
When the drug attaches to the cancer it causes the cells to self-destruct. (irishtimes.com)
The prospect of being able to target blood cancer with a drug derived from ecstasy is a genuinely exciting proposition," said Dr David Grant, scientific director of the charity Leukaemia and Lymphoma Research, which part-funded the study. (irishtimes.com)
Dr. Charles Edward Huggins, a physician and cryobiologist who helped develop the process for freezing and reusing red blood cells, died of pancreatic cancer on Wednesday at his home in Boston. (nytimes.com)
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the cancer of white blood cells characterized by excess lymphoblasts. (medindia.net)
Qu is professor of pediatrics at Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute and Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta. (eurekalert.org)
Lam is a clinical hematologist-bioengineer at the Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, associate professor of pediatrics at Emory University School of Medicine and a faculty member in the Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory. (eurekalert.org)
A promising type of cancer treatment called viral therapy avoids detection by the body's immune system and reaches tumours by 'piggybacking' on blood cells. (cancerresearchuk.org)
Dr Julie Sharp, senior science information manager at Cancer Research UK, said: "This promising study shows that reovirus can trick the body's defences to reach and kill cancer cells and suggests that it could be given to patients using a simple injection. (cancerresearchuk.org)
However, wiping out blood cells (healthy cells and cancer) during the transplant also presents grave risks for the patient. (rochester.edu)
COLUMBUS, Ohio -- A new study suggests that the presence of tumor cells in the circulating blood of patients with squamous cell cancer of the head and neck may predict disease recurrence and reduced survival. (scienceblog.com)
The transplantation of the cancer cells in these special mice provokes a massive infiltration of white blood cells that destroy the cancer, said Zheng Cui, M.D., Ph.D., associate professor of pathology at Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center and the lead scientist. (scienceblog.com)
The work was supported by grants from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, (1U01HL099775 and U01HL100397), the National Cancer Institute (CA60441), both part of the National Institutes of Health, and the Maryland Stem Cell Research Fund (2011-MSCRF II-0008-00 and 2007-MSCRF II-0379-00). (newswise.com)
Recent evidence suggests that tumors consist of a small number of cancerous stem cells, or cancer-propagating cells with some features of stem cells, and a large number of their malignant progeny. (innovations-report.com)
Precancerous stem cells are thought to be cells that can remain noncancerous or progress to cancer, depending on subsequent environmental influences. (innovations-report.com)
Since 2003, Dr. Stone has has published high-profile articles on the molecular mechanisms of cardiovascular disease and cancer in journals such as Blood and the Journal of the American Heart Association. (livestrong.com)
Your doctor will probably draw blood a lot during the cancer treatment to make sure the red blood cells are not getting too low. (wisegeek.com)
Dr Daniel Haber of the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Centre and Harvard Medical School and colleagues were able to extract blood-borne cancer cells from 27 volunteers with non-small-cell lung cancer that had spread. (health24.com)
They found that changes in the number of circulating cancer cells correlated with the effectiveness of a patient's treatment and were also able to track genetic changes in the tumour cells over time. (health24.com)
The study, reported on the Web site of the New England Journal of Medicine , is another step in the quest for individualised medicine, where doctors strive to quickly assess a tumour, choose the most effective treatment, and alter that treatment as cancer cells adapt. (health24.com)
The CTC chip, licensed to the privately held CellPoint Diagnostics in Mountain View, California, is 100 times more sensitive than a US Food and Drug Administration-approved technique that uses magnetic beads to try to extract cancer cells, according to Haber. (health24.com)
It takes about eight hours to send the blood across the 80 000 tiny columns so specially designed antibody glue can latch onto passing cancer cells. (health24.com)

Nat Cell Biol 19: 614-625, doi: 10.1038/ncb3529, 2017. (nih.gov)

These mechanisms use antibody molecules on blood cells called B cells and ab (alpha beta) or gd (gamma delta) receptors on blood cells called T cells. (scientificamerican.com)
This means it can trigger florescent molecules that are circulating in the blood, and this florescence can be picked up by an external monitoring device. (slashdot.org)
These molecules therefore begin to move outside of the cell because of the process of diffusion, but are blocked by the cell membrane . (ipl.org)
As a result, these molecules push on the cell membrane and makes the cell appear bigger. (ipl.org)
Theorem two is that water molecules move into the cell because of the concentration of the water is greater outside the cell than it is inside the cell. (ipl.org)

This is an autoimmune condition wherein the body's immune system destroys healthy cells, including red and white blood cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
White blood cells are an important part of your body's immune system. (healthline.com)

A white blood cell (WBC) count determines the concentration of white blood cells in the patient's blood. (encyclopedia.com)
A laboratory test performed on a sample of a patient's blood . (everything2.com)

These are a red blood cell, a platelet and a neutrophil. (macmillan.org.uk)
While the origin of these cells is known, the gene expression changes that take place in the stem cell to dictate whether it becomes red cell, white cell, or platelet - or even develops a genetic mutation - are not yet fully understood. (eurekalert.org)

In a world first, a young man suffering from severe aplastic anemia who could not be helped by standard treatments has been given a life-saving blood transplant with the made-in-Canada UM171 molecule. (news-medical.net)
There's a newer option for older and sicker people who may not be able to handle a traditional stem cell transplant. (webmd.com)
After the transplant, patients spend two to six weeks in the hospital waiting for the new stem cells to begin making blood cells. (webmd.com)
The study, published in Blood Advances , was funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, NHS Blood & Transplant and through funding from the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) for the University of Bristol's Blood and Transplant Research Unit , focusing on red blood cell products. (bristol.ac.uk)
NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Units (BTRU) are research partnerships between universities and NHS Blood and Transplant (NHSBT). (bristol.ac.uk)
Meloxicam in combination with G-CSF may improve the success rates of blood stem cell transplantation by making it easier to obtain sufficient numbers of cells for transplant. (nih.gov)
And when leukemia, certain types of lymphoma, or injury from chemo and radiation destroys blood stem cells, a transplant offers a fresh replacement. (rochester.edu)
Transplant success is partly determined by whether the body can remake adequate numbers of new hematopoietic stem cells by spurring them from their usual, quiet state. (rochester.edu)

There are individual terms for the lack or overabundance of specific types of white blood cells. (wikipedia.org)
Types of white blood cells can be classified in standard ways. (wikipedia.org)
You have several types of white blood cells and each has its own special role in fighting off the different kinds of germs that make people sick. (kidshealth.org)

Red blood cells (erythrocytes) moving through arteries and capillaries. (britannica.com)

But even if the cells won't be put directly into patients, Jaenisch says that the new method "opens up access to enormous resources of collected cells from patients" that can be used to study diseases. (wired.com)
According to them, this breakthrough could be a lifesaver as well help fight AIDS and other blood-borne diseases. (medindia.net)
Stem cell transplants can treat over 80 diseases and disorders. (blood.ca)
The research was funded by the National Institutes of Health , National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, and the New York Stem Cell Initiative . (rochester.edu)
A number of diseases are known to lower white blood cell numbers. (livestrong.com)

What are Stem Cell Transplants? (webmd.com)
Why Are Stem Cell Transplants Needed? (webmd.com)
Stem cell transplants help restore the bone marrow's ability to produce blood cells. (webmd.com)
Stem cell transplants are expensive, risky, and usually recommended when chemotherapy fails. (webmd.com)

Roger Dodd, vice president of research and development at the American Red Cross' Holland Laboratory in Rockville, Md., said producing blood in the lab could cost thousands of dollars per unit - far too expensive to replace the 14 million pints of red blood cells that are transfused every year. (spokesman.com)
To determine whether these treatments can fulfil their potential we will conduct a clinical trial in volunteers to assess the performance of laboratory grown cells compared to donated red blood cells. (bristol.ac.uk)
When examining human and mouse blood stem cells with and without Tie2, they found that those with Tie2 have superior ability to grow and repeatedly give rise to new daughter stem cells over longer periods of time in the laboratory, creating many generations of blood stem cells. (nih.gov)
Although it is possible to directly convert skin cells to neurons, the biopsied skin cells first have to be grown in the laboratory for a period of time until their numbers increase - a process likely to introduce genetic mutations not found in the person from whom the cells were obtained. (deccanchronicle.com)
The exact threshold for a high white blood cell count varies from one laboratory to another. (mayoclinic.org)
For this study, Gao and his colleagues used mouse precancerous stem cells grown in the laboratory and transplanted into immune-deficient mice. (innovations-report.com)
In haematology, developing an automated blood cells types identifications based on microscopic examination could serve as a software tool for archiving haematology images, for automatic classification and it could help widely the clinicians in their laboratory tasks. (actapress.com)

During this rehab period, they may have frequent blood transfusions and take antibiotics. (webmd.com)
As this is freshly grown blood, it could reduce the frequency of transfusion, reduce the treatment burden for patients and the unwanted side effects of frequent transfusions. (bristol.ac.uk)
Blood Groups and Red Cell Antigens is a guide to the differences in our blood types that complicate blood transfusions and pregnancy. (nih.gov)
One of the largest obstacles when it comes to blood transfusions is having the substance ready on the spot in case of emergency. (ratemds.com)

Two hours of stress per day, for a week, results in a short-term rise in systolic blood pressure in normal mice, Marvar said. (upi.com)
However, mice that were genetically engineered to lack T cells -- helpful for fighting infections -- did not display an increase in blood pressure under the same regimen. (upi.com)
Introducing T cells into mice that lacked them made their blood pressure sensitive to stress again. (upi.com)
These findings, in mice, suggest that mitochondrial respiration is required for normal blood stem cell function. (nih.gov)
Mice treated with a combination of G-CSF and meloxicam mobilized significantly more cells than those treated with either drug separately. (nih.gov)
Blood stem cells from mutant mice could more easily squeeze through narrow pores. (eurekalert.org)
In addition, they showed that treating normal mice with blebbistatin, which interferes with parts of a cell's internal skeleton, also results in mobilization of stem cells into the blood. (eurekalert.org)
However, Calvi's research also showed that feeding the PGE2 drug compound to mice seemed to offer an additional benefit during this time, by changing the marrow's environment to make it more supportive of faster and better blood cell production. (rochester.edu)
They report that adding nicotinamide riboside to the diet of mice that had undergone an irradiation procedure that eliminates blood cells modeling radiotherapy improved their survival by 80 percent and accelerated blood recovery. (freerepublic.com)
In immunodeficient mice, nicotinamide riboside increased the production of white blood cells (leucocytes). (freerepublic.com)

This involves injecting the patient with a circular piece of DNA called a plasmid that programs their cells to produce HSV-2 proteins that trigger an immune response. (newscientist.com)
Some of the viral proteins, however, are chewed up into peptides by the invaded cells. (scientificamerican.com)
and if both proteins are stopped, the cell doesn't squeeze at all and gets stuck. (bristol.ac.uk)
But in the blood cells with mutated hemoglobin, that didn't seem to happen-the parasite proteins never made it to the surface of the cells. (the-scientist.com)
We concluded that the parasite mines that actin from the membrane skeleton of the host, and uses this mined actin to generate actin filaments of its own design," Lanzer said-namely to transmit the proteins to the outside surface of the red blood cell. (the-scientist.com)
Taken together, the findings suggest that the hemoglobin mutations blunt the deadliness of malaria because the oxidized hemoglobin inhibits actin reorganization, thereby preventing the malaria parasite from shuttling its proteins to the surface red blood cells, Lanzer said. (the-scientist.com)

The Niche is a blog hosted by Nature Reports Stem Cells to provide an informal forum for debate and commentary on stem cell research and its wider implications for ethics, policy, business, and medicine. (nature.com)
By bridging stem cell research and helping speed translations of emerging lab discoveries into clinical trials, SCTM will help move applications of these critical investigations closer to accepted best practices and ultimately improve outcomes. (prweb.com)
By bridging stem cell research and clinical trials, SCTM will help move applications of these critical investigations closer to accepted best practices. (prweb.com)
The project represents a major technical breakthrough in the controversial area of stem cell research. (newser.com)

The red and white blood cells of a woolly mammoth that died in eastern Siberia 44.000 years ago have been found to be intact, the oldest body cells ever found in their original state. (washingtonpost.com)
When an infection or inflammatory condition occurs, the body releases white blood cells to help fight the infection. (medicalnewstoday.com)
These represent less than 1% of white blood cells in the body and are typically present in increased numbers after an allergic reaction. (medicalnewstoday.com)
These represent the majority of white blood cells in the body. (medicalnewstoday.com)
If a person's body is producing more white blood cells than it should be, doctors call this leukocytosis. (medicalnewstoday.com)
If a person's body is producing fewer white blood cells than it should be, doctors call this leukopenia . (medicalnewstoday.com)
Doctors may continually monitor white blood cells to determine if the body is mounting an immune response to an infection. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Although a blood sample is the most common approach to testing for white blood cells, a doctor can also test other body fluids, such as cerebrospinal fluid, for the presence of white blood cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The following are conditions that may impact how many white blood cells a person has in their body. (medicalnewstoday.com)
These B and T cells exist within the blood and lymphatic system of the body in what is called a resting state--that is, they are not doing anything detectable. (scientificamerican.com)
The cold harms the cells of his body, and then the white blood cells cannot easily fight disease germs. (dictionary.com)
The work involved a macroscopic experiment with a 10 ml. test tube of human blood at 37 Celsius (normally taken as average human body temperature) and two immersed electrodes hooked up to some controlling and measuring electronics. (fastcompany.com)
Your doctor also may decide to stop your chemotherapy treatment for a little while so your body can recover and make more white blood cells. (breastcancer.org)
These cells also destroy old, damaged and dead cells in the body. (howstuffworks.com)
Every day, each red blood cell performs roughly 1,400 full circuits through the heart and around the body. (bristol.ac.uk)
This study showcases how the 'simple' red blood cell undergoes complex changes to adapt to being squeezed in the capillaries of the body and serves as an important platform to answer further questions: do the cells react differently in disease? (bristol.ac.uk)
If one or more of these indices are not normal, it may mean you have some type of anemia , a condition in which your body does not make enough healthy red blood cells. (medlineplus.gov)
This finding sheds light on how the body responds to injury and has implications for blood cell transplantation. (nih.gov)
Your heart, veins, and arteries work to keep blood moving throughout your body. (edhelper.com)
Your heart pumps blood throughout your body. (edhelper.com)
Your heart keeps pumping and your blood moves to other parts of your body. (edhelper.com)
Your blood circulates all through your body and returns to your lungs. (edhelper.com)
While this is not the first glucose-powered fuel cell, it is the first one to actually work inside a living body. (treehugger.com)
People with disorders that affect the number or function of red blood cells in the body can experience a variety of health problems, such as fatigue, as a result. (wisegeek.com)

It's quite a surprise to find the white cells so intact," said Barnhart, who presented her findings recently at a meeting of the Electron Microscopy Society in Chicago. (washingtonpost.com)
The findings "represent a huge and important progression in the field," stem cell biologist Shinya Yamanaka of Kyoto University in Japan and the Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease in San Francisco, writes in a commentary appearing in the same issue of the journal. (wired.com)
Our findings are that normal blood-forming stem cells are stiffer and less deformable than differentiated blood cells," Qu says. (eurekalert.org)
In addition, our findings suggest that cell biomechanics can be leveraged to improve current mobilization regimens for stem cell-based therapy. (eurekalert.org)
Our findings suggest that screening of these agents should include precancerous stem cells. (innovations-report.com)

Blood Stem Cell Transplantation conveys the excitement that accompanies the newest developments in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. (springer.com)

Using stem cells to create an endless supply of blood - CNN (edition.cnn.com)

Dropbox - Prophylactic red blood cell exchange for ABO-mismatcheda.pdf (dropbox.com)

The DNA Methylome of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (journals.plos.org)

Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Alters Mycobacterium Bovis BCG-Induced Cytokine Production in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of... (journals.plos.org)

Red blood cell deformability upon continuous or repetitive loadings | IEEE Conference Publication | IEEE Xplore (ieeexplore.ieee.org)

PLOS ONE: Mast Cells Present Protrusions into Blood Vessels upon Tracheal Allergen Challenge in Mice (journals.plos.org)

Red blood cells | Endurance Planet (enduranceplanet.com)

Infiltrating Blood-Derived Macrophages Are Vital Cells Playing an Anti-inflammatory Role in Recovery from Spinal Cord Injury in... (journals.plos.org)

Comparative Expression Profile of miRNA and mRNA in Primary Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Infected with Human... (journals.plos.org)

Anatomy37

Organisms15

Diseases35

Chemicals and Drugs62

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment66

Phenomena and Processes53

Disciplines and Occupations4

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science4

Named Groups2

Health Care9

Profound variation in dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity in human blood cells: major implications for the detection of partly deficient patients. (1/1434)

Interaction of Borrelia burgdorferi with peripheral blood fibrocytes, antigen-presenting cells with the potential for connective tissue targeting. (2/1434)

Quantification of T-cell progenitors during ontogeny: thymus colonization depends on blood delivery of progenitors. (3/1434)

Expression of IkappaBalpha in the nucleus of human peripheral blood T lymphocytes. (4/1434)

Sensitive detection of squamous cells in bone marrow and blood of head and neck cancer patients by E48 reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. (5/1434)

Bacterial peptidoglycan polysaccharides in sterile human spleen induce proinflammatory cytokine production by human blood cells. (6/1434)

Selective tetraspan-integrin complexes (CD81/alpha4beta1, CD151/alpha3beta1, CD151/alpha6beta1) under conditions disrupting tetraspan interactions. (7/1434)

Mouse NKR-P1B, a novel NK1.1 antigen with inhibitory function. (8/1434)

Blood Cells

Erythrocytes

Blood Cell Count

Erythrocyte Transfusion

Erythrocyte Count

Erythrocyte Membrane

Erythrocyte Deformability

Leukocyte Count

Leukocytes

Erythrocyte Aggregation

Hemoglobins

Erythrocyte Aging

Hemolysis

Hematocrit

Blood Preservation

Erythrocyte Volume

Erythrocyte Indices

Osmotic Fragility

Fetal Blood

Hematopoiesis

Blood Transfusion

Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Anemia, Sickle Cell

Blood Viscosity

Erythropoiesis

Anion Exchange Protein 1, Erythrocyte

Hematologic Tests

Anemia

Time Factors

Hemocytes

Hemorheology

Anemia, Hemolytic

Plasmodium falciparum

Lymphocytes

Reticulocyte Count

Blood Component Transfusion

Spleen

Rh-Hr Blood-Group System

Plasma

Blood Platelets

Blood Grouping and Crossmatching

Leukocytes, Mononuclear

Spherocytosis, Hereditary

Platelet Count

Technetium

Erythropoietin

Flow Cytometry

Glycophorin

Granulocytes

Bone Marrow

Rheology

Blood Substitutes

Leukocytosis

Blood Proteins

Cell Separation

Sheep

Rosette Formation

2,3-Diphosphoglycerate

Antigens, CD34

Biological Markers

Microcirculation

Hemolytic Plaque Technique

Blood Group Antigens

Heinz Bodies

Hematology

Cells, Cultured

Hemoglobin, Sickle

Methemoglobin

Neutrophils

Erythroid Precursor Cells

Hemagglutination

Reticulocytes

Erythroblasts

Oxygen

Bone Marrow Cells

Antibody Formation

ABO Blood-Group System

Models, Biological

Hemagglutination Tests

Blood Transfusion, Autologous