Blood borne pathogens. Medical search

Diseases of plants.

The interactions between a host and a pathogen, usually resulting in disease.

The degree of pathogenicity within a group or species of microorganisms or viruses as indicated by case fatality rates and/or the ability of the organism to invade the tissues of the host. The pathogenic capacity of an organism is determined by its VIRULENCE FACTORS.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.

The capacity of a normal organism to remain unaffected by microorganisms and their toxins. It results from the presence of naturally occurring ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS, constitutional factors such as BODY TEMPERATURE and immediate acting immune cells such as NATURAL KILLER CELLS.

Those components of an organism that determine its capacity to cause disease but are not required for its viability per se. Two classes have been characterized: TOXINS, BIOLOGICAL and surface adhesion molecules that effect the ability of the microorganism to invade and colonize a host. (From Davis et al., Microbiology, 4th ed. p486)

Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.

A phylum of fungi which have cross-walls or septa in the mycelium. The perfect state is characterized by the formation of a saclike cell (ascus) containing ascospores. Most pathogenic fungi with a known perfect state belong to this phylum.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

The capacity of an organism to defend itself against pathological processes or the agents of those processes. This most often involves innate immunity whereby the organism responds to pathogens in a generic way. The term disease resistance is used most frequently when referring to plants.

Eukaryotes in the group STRAMENOPILES, formerly considered FUNGI, whose exact taxonomic level is unsettled. Many consider Oomycetes (Oomycota) a phylum in the kingdom Stramenopila, or alternatively, as Pseudofungi in the phylum Heterokonta of the kingdom Chromista. They are morphologically similar to fungi but have no close phylogenetic relationship to them. Oomycetes are found in both fresh and salt water as well as in terrestrial environments. (Alexopoulos et al., Introductory Mycology, 4th ed, pp683-4). They produce flagellated, actively motile spores (zoospores) that are pathogenic to many crop plants and FISHES.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.

A species of gram-negative, fluorescent, phytopathogenic bacteria in the genus PSEUDOMONAS. It is differentiated into approximately 50 pathovars with different plant pathogenicities and host specificities.

A genus of destructive parasitic OOMYCETES in the family Peronosporaceae, order Peronosporales, affecting numerous fruit, vegetable, and other crops. Differentiation of zoospores usually takes place in the sporangium and no vesicle is formed. It was previously considered a fungus.

The genetic complement of a BACTERIA as represented in its DNA.

A kingdom of eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that live parasitically as saprobes, including MUSHROOMS; YEASTS; smuts, molds, etc. They reproduce either sexually or asexually, and have life cycles that range from simple to complex. Filamentous fungi, commonly known as molds, refer to those that grow as multicellular colonies.

Bacteria which lose crystal violet stain but are stained pink when treated by Gram's method.

Infectious organisms in the BLOOD, of which the predominant medical interest is their contamination of blood-soiled linens, towels, gowns, BANDAGES, other items from individuals in risk categories, NEEDLES and other sharp objects, MEDICAL WASTE and DENTAL WASTE, all of which health workers are exposed to. This concept is differentiated from the clinical conditions of BACTEREMIA; VIREMIA; and FUNGEMIA where the organism is present in the blood of a patient as the result of a natural infectious process.

Infections caused by bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method.

Minute infectious agents whose genomes are composed of DNA or RNA, but not both. They are characterized by a lack of independent metabolism and the inability to replicate outside living host cells.

Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in bacteria.

The inherent or induced capacity of plants to withstand or ward off biological attack by pathogens.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

A species of gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria widely distributed in nature. It has been isolated from sewage, soil, silage, and from feces of healthy animals and man. Infection with this bacterium leads to encephalitis, meningitis, endocarditis, and abortion.

Any tests that demonstrate the relative efficacy of different chemotherapeutic agents against specific microorganisms (i.e., bacteria, fungi, viruses).

A compound obtained from the bark of the white willow and wintergreen leaves. It has bacteriostatic, fungicidal, and keratolytic actions.

Bacteria which retain the crystal violet stain when treated by Gram's method.

Expanded structures, usually green, of vascular plants, characteristically consisting of a bladelike expansion attached to a stem, and functioning as the principal organ of photosynthesis and transpiration. (American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)

A natural association between organisms that is detrimental to at least one of them. This often refers to the production of chemicals by one microorganism that is harmful to another.

A mitosporic Hypocreales fungal genus, various species of which are important parasitic pathogens of plants and a variety of vertebrates. Teleomorphs include GIBBERELLA.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Infectious diseases that are novel in their outbreak ranges (geographic and host) or transmission mode.

Physicochemical property of fimbriated (FIMBRIAE, BACTERIAL) and non-fimbriated bacteria of attaching to cells, tissue, and nonbiological surfaces. It is a factor in bacterial colonization and pathogenicity.

A unicellular budding fungus which is the principal pathogenic species causing CANDIDIASIS (moniliasis).

Ability of a microbe to survive under given conditions. This can also be related to a colony's ability to replicate.

Potentially pathogenic bacteria found in nasal membranes, skin, hair follicles, and perineum of warm-blooded animals. They may cause a wide range of infections and intoxications.

A species of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria commonly isolated from clinical specimens (wound, burn, and urinary tract infections). It is also found widely distributed in soil and water. P. aeruginosa is a major agent of nosocomial infection.

The relationship between an invertebrate and another organism (the host), one of which lives at the expense of the other. Traditionally excluded from definition of parasites are pathogenic BACTERIA; FUNGI; VIRUSES; and PLANTS; though they may live parasitically.

A general term for diseases produced by viruses.

The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.

Enumeration by direct count of viable, isolated bacterial, archaeal, or fungal CELLS or SPORES capable of growth on solid CULTURE MEDIA. The method is used routinely by environmental microbiologists for quantifying organisms in AIR; FOOD; and WATER; by clinicians for measuring patients' microbial load; and in antimicrobial drug testing.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

A mitosporic Leotiales fungal genus of plant pathogens. It has teleomorphs in the genus Botryotina.

Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in plants.

A genus of mitosporic Phyllachoraceae fungi which contains at least 40 species of plant parasites. They have teleomorphs in the genus Glomerella (see PHYLLACHORALES).

The ability of bacteria to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents, antimicrobial agents, or antibiotics. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation or foreign DNA in transmissible plasmids (R FACTORS).

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

Substances that prevent infectious agents or organisms from spreading or kill infectious agents in order to prevent the spread of infection.

Infections with bacteria of the family ENTEROBACTERIACEAE.

Encrustations, formed from microbes (bacteria, algae, fungi, plankton, or protozoa) embedding in extracellular polymers, that adhere to surfaces such as teeth (DENTAL DEPOSITS); PROSTHESES AND IMPLANTS; and catheters. Biofilms are prevented from forming by treating surfaces with DENTIFRICES; DISINFECTANTS; ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS; and antifouling agents.

A plant genus of the family BRASSICACEAE that contains ARABIDOPSIS PROTEINS and MADS DOMAIN PROTEINS. The species A. thaliana is used for experiments in classical plant genetics as well as molecular genetic studies in plant physiology, biochemistry, and development.

Proteins found in plants (flowers, herbs, shrubs, trees, etc.). The concept does not include proteins found in vegetables for which VEGETABLE PROTEINS is available.

Diseases of non-human animals that may be transmitted to HUMANS or may be transmitted from humans to non-human animals.

Diseases of freshwater, marine, hatchery or aquarium fish. This term includes diseases of both teleosts (true fish) and elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates).

A plant species of the family SOLANACEAE, native of South America, widely cultivated for their edible, fleshy, usually red fruit.

The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)

A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that utilizes citrate as a sole carbon source. It is pathogenic for humans, causing enteric fevers, gastroenteritis, and bacteremia. Food poisoning is the most common clinical manifestation. Organisms within this genus are separated on the basis of antigenic characteristics, sugar fermentation patterns, and bacteriophage susceptibility.

A species of gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria originally classified within the BACTEROIDES genus. This bacterium produces a cell-bound, oxygen-sensitive collagenase and is isolated from the human mouth.

The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in food and food products. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms: the presence of various non-pathogenic bacteria and fungi in cheeses and wines, for example, is included in this concept.

A mitosporic fungal genus commonly isolated from soil. Some species are the cause of wilt diseases in many different plants.

Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of kingdom Plantae (sensu lato), comprising the VIRIDIPLANTAE; RHODOPHYTA; and GLAUCOPHYTA; all of which acquired chloroplasts by direct endosymbiosis of CYANOBACTERIA. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (MERISTEMS); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absence of nervous and sensory systems; and an alternation of haploid and diploid generations.

Excrement from the INTESTINES, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and BACTERIA of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

Proteins found in any species of fungus.

Eighteen-carbon cyclopentyl polyunsaturated fatty acids derived from ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID via an oxidative pathway analogous to the EICOSANOIDS in animals. Biosynthesis is inhibited by SALICYLATES. A key member, jasmonic acid of PLANTS, plays a similar role to ARACHIDONIC ACID in animals.

Bacterial, viral, or parasitic diseases transmitted to humans and animals by the bite of infected ticks. The families Ixodidae and Argasidae contain many bloodsucking species that are important pests of man and domestic birds and mammals and probably exceed all other arthropods in the number and variety of disease agents they transmit. Many of the tick-borne diseases are zoonotic.

A species of gram-negative bacteria in the genus CITROBACTER, family ENTEROBACTERIACEAE. As an important pathogen of laboratory mice, it serves as a model for investigating epithelial hyperproliferation and tumor promotion. It was previously considered a strain of CITROBACTER FREUNDII.

Gram-negative aerobic cocci of low virulence that colonize the nasopharynx and occasionally cause MENINGITIS; BACTEREMIA; EMPYEMA; PERICARDITIS; and PNEUMONIA.

A gram-positive organism found in the upper respiratory tract, inflammatory exudates, and various body fluids of normal and/or diseased humans and, rarely, domestic animals.

An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.

A phylum of fungi that produce their sexual spores (basidiospores) on the outside of the basidium. It includes forms commonly known as mushrooms, boletes, puffballs, earthstars, stinkhorns, bird's-nest fungi, jelly fungi, bracket or shelf fungi, and rust and smut fungi.

A species of parasitic OOMYCETES in the family Peronosporaceae that is the causative agent of late blight of potato.

A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.

The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.

Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by bacterial infections.

PLANTS, or their progeny, whose GENOME has been altered by GENETIC ENGINEERING.

A mitosporic Ceratobasidiaceae fungal genus that is an important plant pathogen affecting potatoes and other plants. There are numerous teleomorphs.

Reproductive bodies produced by fungi.

Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.

Microscopic threadlike filaments in FUNGI that are filled with a layer of protoplasm. Collectively, the hyphae make up the MYCELIUM.

Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.

A mitosporic Loculoascomycetes fungal genus including several plant pathogens and at least one species which produces a highly phytotoxic antibiotic. Its teleomorph is Lewia.

Infections with bacteria of the genus LISTERIA.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

Infections caused by bacteria that retain the crystal violet stain (positive) when treated by the gram-staining method.

A genus of VIBRIONACEAE, made up of short, slightly curved, motile, gram-negative rods. Various species produce cholera and other gastrointestinal disorders as well as abortion in sheep and cattle.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Any infection which a patient contracts in a health-care institution.

A serotype of Salmonella enterica that is a frequent agent of Salmonella gastroenteritis in humans. It also causes PARATYPHOID FEVER.

A family of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that do not form endospores. Its organisms are distributed worldwide with some being saprophytes and others being plant and animal parasites. Many species are of considerable economic importance due to their pathogenic effects on agriculture and livestock.

A genus of OOMYCETES in the family Peronosporaceae. Most species are obligatory parasites and many are plant pathogens.

A species of the fungus CRYPTOCOCCUS. Its teleomorph is Filobasidiella neoformans.

Measurable quantity of bacteria in an object, organism, or organism compartment.

A family of pattern recognition receptors characterized by an extracellular leucine-rich domain and a cytoplasmic domain that share homology with the INTERLEUKIN 1 RECEPTOR and the DROSOPHILA toll protein. Following pathogen recognition, toll-like receptors recruit and activate a variety of SIGNAL TRANSDUCING ADAPTOR PROTEINS.

A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria widely distributed in nature. Some species are pathogenic for humans, animals, and plants.

A mitosporic Loculoascomycetes fungal genus including some economically important plant parasites. Teleomorphs include Mycosphaerella and Venturia.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

The determination of the pattern of genes expressed at the level of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.

A phylum of fungi that was formerly considered a subdivision of Phycomycetes. They are the only fungi that produce motile spores (zoospores) at some stage in their life cycle. Most are saprobes but they also include examples of plant, animal, and fungal pathogens.

A verocytotoxin-producing serogroup belonging to the O subfamily of Escherichia coli which has been shown to cause severe food-borne disease. A strain from this serogroup, serotype H7, which produces SHIGA TOXINS, has been linked to human disease outbreaks resulting from contamination of foods by E. coli O157 from bovine origin.

Techniques used in studying bacteria.

Physiological processes and properties of BACTERIA.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

A large family of cell surface receptors that bind conserved molecular structures (PAMPS) present in pathogens. They play important roles in host defense by mediating cellular responses to pathogens.

Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS.

A species of bacteria that resemble small tightly coiled spirals. Its organisms are known to cause abortion in sheep and fever and enteritis in man and may be associated with enteric diseases of calves, lambs, and other animals.

Substances elaborated by bacteria that have antigenic activity.

A genus of FUNGI, in the family Magnaporthaceae of uncertain position (incertae sedis). It is best known for its species, M. grisea, which is one of the most popular experimental organisms of all fungal plant pathogens. Its anamorph is PYRICULARIA GRISEA.

A genetic rearrangement through loss of segments of DNA or RNA, bringing sequences which are normally separated into close proximity. This deletion may be detected using cytogenetic techniques and can also be inferred from the phenotype, indicating a deletion at one specific locus.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

Constituent of 30S subunit prokaryotic ribosomes containing 1600 nucleotides and 21 proteins. 16S rRNA is involved in initiation of polypeptide synthesis.

Proteins that originate from plants species belonging to the genus ARABIDOPSIS. The most intensely studied species of Arabidopsis, Arabidopsis thaliana, is commonly used in laboratory experiments.

The engulfing and degradation of microorganisms; other cells that are dead, dying, or pathogenic; and foreign particles by phagocytic cells (PHAGOCYTES).

A species of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria isolated from skin lesions, blood, inflammatory exudates, and the upper respiratory tract of humans. It is a group A hemolytic Streptococcus that can cause SCARLET FEVER and RHEUMATIC FEVER.

Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.

A species of HAEMOPHILUS found on the mucous membranes of humans and a variety of animals. The species is further divided into biotypes I through VIII.

Cell-surface components or appendages of bacteria that facilitate adhesion (BACTERIAL ADHESION) to other cells or to inanimate surfaces. Most fimbriae (FIMBRIAE, BACTERIAL) of gram-negative bacteria function as adhesins, but in many cases it is a minor subunit protein at the tip of the fimbriae that is the actual adhesin. In gram-positive bacteria, a protein or polysaccharide surface layer serves as the specific adhesin. What is sometimes called polymeric adhesin (BIOFILMS) is distinct from protein adhesin.

The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the blood. Fever, chills, tachycardia, and tachypnea are common acute manifestations of bacteremia. The majority of cases are seen in already hospitalized patients, most of whom have underlying diseases or procedures which render their bloodstreams susceptible to invasion.

Invertebrate organisms that live on or in another organism (the host), and benefit at the expense of the other. Traditionally excluded from definition of parasites are pathogenic BACTERIA; FUNGI; VIRUSES; and PLANTS; though they may live parasitically.

An infection caused by an organism which becomes pathogenic under certain conditions, e.g., during immunosuppression.

Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.

Arthropods, other than insects and arachnids, which transmit infective organisms from one host to another or from an inanimate reservoir to an animate host.

Infections with bacteria of the genus PSEUDOMONAS.

A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that ferments sugar without gas production. Its organisms are intestinal pathogens of man and other primates and cause bacillary dysentery (DYSENTERY, BACILLARY).

The functional hereditary units of PLANTS.

Acute illnesses, usually affecting the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, brought on by consuming contaminated food or beverages. Most of these diseases are infectious, caused by a variety of bacteria, viruses, or parasites that can be foodborne. Sometimes the diseases are caused by harmful toxins from the microbes or other chemicals present in the food. Especially in the latter case, the condition is often called food poisoning.

A genus of destructive root-parasitic OOMYCETES in the family Pythiaceae, order Peronosporales, commonly found in cultivated soils all over the world. Differentiation of zoospores takes place in a vesicle.

The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in water. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.

Methods used by pathogenic organisms to evade a host's immune system.

Substances that destroy fungi by suppressing their ability to grow or reproduce. They differ from FUNGICIDES, INDUSTRIAL because they defend against fungi present in human or animal tissues.

Proteins isolated from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

Toxic substances formed in or elaborated by bacteria; they are usually proteins with high molecular weight and antigenicity; some are used as antibiotics and some to skin test for the presence of or susceptibility to certain diseases.

The properties of a pathogen that makes it capable of infecting one or more specific hosts. The pathogen can include PARASITES as well as VIRUSES; BACTERIA; FUNGI; or PLANTS.

A plant species of the genus SOLANUM, family SOLANACEAE. The starchy roots are used as food. SOLANINE is found in green parts.

A species of gram-negative bacteria in the genus ANAPLASMA, family ANAPLASMATACEAE, formerly called Ehrlichia phagocytophila or Ehrlichia equi. This organism is tick-borne (IXODES) and causes disease in horses and sheep. In humans, it causes human granulocytic EHRLICHIOSIS.

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to BACTERIAL ANTIGENS.

Membrane-bound cytoplasmic vesicles formed by invagination of phagocytized material. They fuse with lysosomes to form phagolysosomes in which the hydrolytic enzymes of the lysosome digest the phagocytized material.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

Techniques used in microbiology.

Blood-sucking acarid parasites of the order Ixodida comprising two families: the softbacked ticks (ARGASIDAE) and hardbacked ticks (IXODIDAE). Ticks are larger than their relatives, the MITES. They penetrate the skin of their host by means of highly specialized, hooked mouth parts and feed on its blood. Ticks attack all groups of terrestrial vertebrates. In humans they are responsible for many TICK-BORNE DISEASES, including the transmission of ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER; TULAREMIA; BABESIOSIS; AFRICAN SWINE FEVER; and RELAPSING FEVER. (From Barnes, Invertebrate Zoology, 5th ed, pp543-44)

A species of gram-positive, aerobic bacteria that produces TUBERCULOSIS in humans, other primates, CATTLE; DOGS; and some other animals which have contact with humans. Growth tends to be in serpentine, cordlike masses in which the bacilli show a parallel orientation.

A phenomenon where microorganisms communicate and coordinate their behavior by the accumulation of signaling molecules. A reaction occurs when a substance accumulates to a sufficient concentration. This is most commonly seen in bacteria.

Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of fungi.

Animate or inanimate sources which normally harbor disease-causing organisms and thus serve as potential sources of disease outbreaks. Reservoirs are distinguished from vectors (DISEASE VECTORS) and carriers, which are agents of disease transmission rather than continuing sources of potential disease outbreaks.

The ability of bacteria to resist or to become tolerant to several structurally and functionally distinct drugs simultaneously. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation or foreign DNA in transmissible plasmids (R FACTORS).

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in fungi.

The inter- and intra-relationships between various microorganisms. This can include both positive (like SYMBIOSIS) and negative (like ANTIBIOSIS) interactions. Examples include virus - bacteria and bacteria - bacteria.

A set of statistical methods used to group variables or observations into strongly inter-related subgroups. In epidemiology, it may be used to analyze a closely grouped series of events or cases of disease or other health-related phenomenon with well-defined distribution patterns in relation to time or place or both.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Infections with bacteria of the genus SALMONELLA.

A species of imperfect fungi from which the antibiotic fumigatin is obtained. Its spores may cause respiratory infection in birds and mammals.

Mutagenesis where the mutation is caused by the introduction of foreign DNA sequences into a gene or extragenic sequence. This may occur spontaneously in vivo or be experimentally induced in vivo or in vitro. Proviral DNA insertions into or adjacent to a cellular proto-oncogene can interrupt GENETIC TRANSLATION of the coding sequences or interfere with recognition of regulatory elements and cause unregulated expression of the proto-oncogene resulting in tumor formation.

A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Infections with unicellular organisms formerly members of the subkingdom Protozoa.

Procedures for identifying types and strains of bacteria. The most frequently employed typing systems are BACTERIOPHAGE TYPING and SEROTYPING as well as bacteriocin typing and biotyping.

Use of naturally-occuring or genetically-engineered organisms to reduce or eliminate populations of pests.

Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.

Small cationic peptides that are an important component, in most species, of early innate and induced defenses against invading microbes. In animals they are found on mucosal surfaces, within phagocytic granules, and on the surface of the body. They are also found in insects and plants. Among others, this group includes the DEFENSINS, protegrins, tachyplesins, and thionins. They displace DIVALENT CATIONS from phosphate groups of MEMBRANE LIPIDS leading to disruption of the membrane.

Sudden increase in the incidence of a disease. The concept includes EPIDEMICS and PANDEMICS.

The study of microorganisms living in a variety of environments (air, soil, water, etc.) and their pathogenic relationship to other organisms including man.

The usually underground portions of a plant that serve as support, store food, and through which water and mineral nutrients enter the plant. (From American Heritage Dictionary, 1982; Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body by forming cellular layers (EPITHELIUM) or masses. Epithelial cells lining the SKIN; the MOUTH; the NOSE; and the ANAL CANAL derive from ectoderm; those lining the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM and the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM derive from endoderm; others (CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM and LYMPHATIC SYSTEM) derive from mesoderm. Epithelial cells can be classified mainly by cell shape and function into squamous, glandular and transitional epithelial cells.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Infections with bacteria of the genus VIBRIO.

Hybridization of a nucleic acid sample to a very large set of OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES, which have been attached individually in columns and rows to a solid support, to determine a BASE SEQUENCE, or to detect variations in a gene sequence, GENE EXPRESSION, or for GENE MAPPING.

The etiologic agent of PLAGUE in man, rats, ground squirrels, and other rodents.

The process of cumulative change over successive generations through which organisms acquire their distinguishing morphological and physiological characteristics.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that causes rotting, particularly of storage tissues, of a wide variety of plants and causes a vascular disease in CARROTS; and POTATO plants.

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria that is pathogenic for plants.

The etiologic agent of TULAREMIA in man and other warm-blooded animals.

Distinct units in some bacterial, bacteriophage or plasmid GENOMES that are types of MOBILE GENETIC ELEMENTS. Encoded in them are a variety of fitness conferring genes, such as VIRULENCE FACTORS (in "pathogenicity islands or islets"), ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE genes, or genes required for SYMBIOSIS (in "symbiosis islands or islets"). They range in size from 10 - 500 kilobases, and their GC CONTENT and CODON usage differ from the rest of the genome. They typically contain an INTEGRASE gene, although in some cases this gene has been deleted resulting in "anchored genomic islands".

The outermost layer of a cell in most PLANTS; BACTERIA; FUNGI; and ALGAE. The cell wall is usually a rigid structure that lies external to the CELL MEMBRANE, and provides a protective barrier against physical or chemical agents.

A species of Ralstonia previously classed in the genera PSEUDOMONAS and BURKHOLDERIA. It is an important plant pathogen.

Infections or infestations with parasitic organisms. They are often contracted through contact with an intermediate vector, but may occur as the result of direct exposure.

A species of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic spherical or rod-shaped bacteria indigenous to dental surfaces. It is associated with PERIODONTITIS; BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITIS; and ACTINOMYCOSIS.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

Infection with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Any infection acquired in the community, that is, contrasted with those acquired in a health care facility (CROSS INFECTION). An infection would be classified as community-acquired if the patient had not recently been in a health care facility or been in contact with someone who had been recently in a health care facility.

A constitution or condition of the body which makes the tissues react in special ways to certain extrinsic stimuli and thus tends to make the individual more than usually susceptible to certain diseases.

In GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA, multiprotein complexes that function to translocate pathogen protein effector molecules across the bacterial cell envelope, often directly into the host. These effectors are involved in producing surface structures for adhesion, bacterial motility, manipulation of host functions, modulation of host defense responses, and other functions involved in facilitating survival of the pathogen. Several of the systems have homologous components functioning similarly in GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

Annual cereal grass of the family POACEAE and its edible starchy grain, rice, which is the staple food of roughly one-half of the world's population.

The naturally occurring transmission of genetic information between organisms, related or unrelated, circumventing parent-to-offspring transmission. Horizontal gene transfer may occur via a variety of naturally occurring processes such as GENETIC CONJUGATION; GENETIC TRANSDUCTION; and TRANSFECTION. It may result in a change of the recipient organism's genetic composition (TRANSFORMATION, GENETIC).

A plant genus of the family SOLANACEAE. The hot peppers yield CAPSAICIN, which activates VANILLOID RECEPTORS. Several varieties have sweet or pungent edible fruits that are used as vegetables when fresh and spices when the pods are dried.

The relationship between two different species of organisms that are interdependent; each gains benefits from the other or a relationship between different species where both of the organisms in question benefit from the presence of the other.

Organisms, biological agents, or biologically-derived agents used strategically for their positive or adverse effect on the physiology and/or reproductive health of other organisms.

A subgenus of Salmonella containing several medically important serotypes. The habitat for the majority of strains is warm-blooded animals.

Frequency of vaccine-related and therapeutic injections--Romania, 1998. (1/280)

In Romania and other countries, therapeutic injections have been associated with transmission of hepatitis B and C viruses, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), and other bloodborne pathogens. During 1997-1998, acute hepatitis B was associated with recent injections in Romanian children aged <5 years. Injection-associated bloodborne pathogen transmission occurs when infection-control practices are inadequate, and overuse of injections to administer medications might increase opportunities for transmission. To estimate the frequency of therapeutic injections and to describe the attitudes and practices of adults about injections to administer medications, local health departments in Romania surveyed the general population of four districts (Hunedoara, Iasi, Mures, and Prahova [1997 combined population: 2.8 million]) in June 1998. This report summarizes results from these surveys, which indicate that injections are used frequently to administer medications in Romania. (+info)

Audit on the degree of application of universal precautions in a haemodialysis unit. (2/280)

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the study was to investigate the degree of compliance with standard precautions (hand washing and wearing of gloves) by health workers in one haemodialysis unit. METHODS: During 4 months, two observers monitored the activities of the health care staff in the dialysis unit. Thirty five randomly distributed observation periods of 60 min duration covered one haemodialysis session. The observers evaluated (i) the total number of potential opportunities to implement standard precautions and (ii) the number of occasions when these were actually put into practice. RESULTS: A total of 364 opportunities to wear gloves and to wash hands thereafter and 273 opportunities to wash hands before a patient-oriented activity were observed. The proportion of occasions when gloves were actually used was 18.7%. Hand washing after a patient-oriented activity was performed only on 32.4% of occasions. Finally, only on 3% of such occasions was hand washing before the activity. CONCLUSIONS: The degree of compliance with standard precautions by health care personnel is unsatisfactory and this favours nosocomial transmission in haemodialysis units. (+info)

A novel serpin expressed by blood-borne microfilariae of the parasitic nematode Brugia malayi inhibits human neutrophil serine proteinases. (3/280)

Serine proteinase inhibitors (serpins) play a vital regulatory role in a wide range of biological processes, and serpins from viruses have been implicated in pathogen evasion of the host defence system. For the first time, we report a functional serpin gene from nematodes that may function in this manner. This gene, named Bm-spn-2, has been isolated from the filarial nematode Brugia malayi, a causative agent of human lymphatic filariasis. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot experiments indicate that Bm-spn-2 is expressed only by microfilariae (Mf), which are the long-lived blood-dwelling larval stage. A survey of the greater than 14,000 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from B malayi deposited in dbEST shows that greater than 2% of the ESTs sequenced from Mf cDNA libraries correspond to Bm-spn-2. Despite its abundance in the microfilarial stage, Bm-spn-2 has not been found in any other point in the life cycle. The predicted protein encoded by Bm-spn-2 contains 428 amino acids with a putative signal peptide. Antibodies to recombinant Bm-SPN-2 protein react specifically with a 47.5-kD native protein in Mf extract. Bm-SPN-2 is one of the largest of the 93 known serpins, due to a 22 amino acid carboxy-terminal extension, and contains the conserved serpin signature sequence. Outside these regions, levels of homology are low, and only a distant relationship can been seen to a Caenorhabditis elegans serpin. The Bm-spn-2 gene contains 6 introns, 2 of which appear to be shared by both nematode species. The B malayi introns have an extended and conserved 3' splice site and are relatively large compared with C elegans. A panel of mammalian serine proteinases were screened and Bm-SPN-2 protein was found to specifically inhibit enzymatic activity of human neutrophil cathepsin G and human neutrophil elastase, but not a range of other serine proteinases. It is possible that Bm-SPN-2 could function as a stage-specific serpin in the blood environment of the microfilarial parasite in protection from human immunity and thus may be a good candidate for protective vaccine. (+info)

Needlestick injury in clothing industry workers and the risks of blood-borne infection. (4/280)

This paper identifies the hazard of a hollow needle device used extensively in the clothing industry and assesses the risk of transmission for HIV, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C. A substantial risk of transmission is suggested and measures have been advised for its control. Occupational Health Physicians are advised to be aware of hollow needles in other industrial processes and where risks of cross-infection exist, the same safety considerations should be applied as in clinical medicine and veterinary work to avoid needlestick injuries. Needle sharing must be avoided. (+info)

A likelihood-based method of identifying contaminated lots of blood product. (5/280)

BACKGROUND: In 1994 a small cluster of hepatitis-C cases in Rhesus-negative women in Ireland prompted a nationwide screening programme for hepatitis-C antibodies in all anti-D recipients. A total of 55 386 women presented for screening and a history of exposure to anti-D was sought from all those testing positive and a sample of those testing negative. The resulting data comprised 620 antibody-positive and 1708 antibody-negative women with known exposure history, and interest was focused on using these data to estimate the infectivity of anti-D in the period 1970-1993. METHODS: Any exposure to anti-D provides an opportunity for infection, but the infection status at each exposure time is not observed. Instead, the available data from antibody testing only indicate whether at least one of the exposures resulted in infection. Using a simple Bernoulli model to describe the risk of infection in each year, the absence of information regarding which exposure(s) led to infection fits neatly into the framework of 'incomplete data'. Hence the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm provides estimates of the infectiousness of anti-D in each of the 24 years studied. RESULTS: The analysis highlighted the 1977 anti-D as a source of infection, a fact which was confirmed by laboratory investigation. Other suspect batches were also identified, helping to direct the efforts of laboratory investigators. CONCLUSIONS: We have presented a method to estimate the risk of infection at each exposure time from multiple exposure data. The method can also be used to estimate transmission rates and the risk associated with different sources of infection in a range of infectious disease applications. (+info)

Unsafe injections in the developing world and transmission of bloodborne pathogens: a review. (6/280)

Unsafe injections are suspected to occur routinely in developing countries. We carried out a literature review to quantify the prevalence of unsafe injections and to assess the disease burden of bloodborne infections attributable to this practice. Quantitative information on injection use and unsafe injections (defined as the reuse of syringe or needle between patients without sterilization) was obtained by reviewing the published literature and unpublished WHO reports. The transmissibility of hepatitis B and C viruses and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was estimated using data from studies of needle-stick injuries. Finally, all epidemiological studies that linked unsafe injections and bloodborne infections were evaluated to assess the attributable burden of bloodborne infections. It was estimated that each person in the developing world receives 1.5 injections per year on average. However, institutionalized children, and children and adults who are ill or hospitalized, including those infected with HIV, are often exposed to 10-100 times as many injections. An average of 95% of all injections are therapeutic, the majority of which were judged to be unnecessary. At least 50% of injections were unsafe in 14 of 19 countries (representing five developing world regions) for which data were available. Eighteen studies reported a convincing link between unsafe injections and the transmission of hepatitis B and C, HIV, Ebola and Lassa virus infections and malaria. Five studies attributed 20-80% of all new hepatitis B infections to unsafe injections, while three implicated unsafe injections as a major mode of transmission of hepatitis C. In conclusion, unsafe injections occur routinely in most developing world regions, implying a significant potential for the transmission of any bloodborne pathogen. Unsafe injections currently account for a significant proportion of all new hepatitis B and C infections. This situation needs to be addressed immediately, as a political and policy issue, with responsibilities clearly defined at the global, country and community levels. (+info)

Reported needlestick and sharp injuries among health care workers in a Greek general hospital. (7/280)

Between July 1990 and June 1996, 284 exposures to infectious material were reported by 247 health care workers (HCWs) at AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece, representing an overall rate of 2.4% reported injuries per 100 HCWs/year. Nurses reported the highest rates of incidents (3.0%) and in all but one working group women exhibited higher injury rates per year than male HCWs. Young workers (21-30 years old) were primarily affected in incidents (P < 0.001). Needles were the most common implement causing injury (60.6%) and resheathing of used needles as well as garbage collection were common causes of injury. None of the HCWs seroconverted in exposures where immune status to blood-borne pathogens was estimated. Efforts by the infection control committee need to be more intense, in order to increase the rate of reported staff injuries. This will facilitate identification of unsafe practices and provide more adequate preventive measures. (+info)

Prospective investigation of transfusion transmitted infection in recipients of over 20 000 units of blood. TTI Study Group. (8/280)

OBJECTIVES: To follow up recipients of 20 000 units of blood to identify any transmissions of infections through blood transfusion. DESIGN: Follow up study of recipients of transfusion. SETTING: 22 hospitals in north London. PARTICIPANT: Adult patients who had recently been transfused. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Patients had further blood samples taken at 9 months that were tested for markers of hepatitis B and C and HIV and human T cell leukaemia/lymphoma virus type I or II (HTLV) infections. Recent infections were distinguished from pre-existing infections by comparison with blood samples taken before transfusion. RESULTS: 9220 patients were recruited, and 5579 recipients of 21 923 units of blood were followed up. No transfusion transmitted infections were identified. The incidence of transfusion transmitted infections was 0 in 21 043 units (95% confidence interval for risk 0 to 1 in 5706 recipients) for hepatitis B; 0 in 21 800 units (0 to 1 in 5911 recipients) for hepatitis C; 0 in 21 923 units (0 to 1 in 5944 recipients) for HIV; and 0 in 21 902 units (0 to 1 in 5939 recipients) for human T cell leukaemia/lymphoma virus. Three patients acquired hepatitis B during or after hospital admission but not through transfusion; 176 (3%) had pre-existing hepatitis B infection. Sixteen (0.29%) patients had hepatitis C, and five (0.09%) had human T cell leukaemia/lymphoma virus. CONCLUSIONS: The current risk of transfusion transmitted infections in the United Kingdom is very small, though hospital acquired infections may arise from sources other than transfusion. A considerable proportion of patients have pre-existing infections. (+info)

... by workers to guard against blood borne pathogens if there is a reasonably anticipated exposure to blood or other potentially ... "Bloodborne Pathogens Regulations". Occupational Safety and Health Administration. 1910.1030(d)(2)(i). "Bloodborne Pathogens ... or other blood borne or bodily fluid pathogen. PPE prevents contact with a potentially infectious material by creating a ... "Bloodborne Pathogens Regulations 1910.1030". Occupational Safety and Health Administration. "Policy for Hand Hygiene Infection ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infection_prevention_and_control

Since it is difficult to determine what pathogens any given sample of blood contains, and some blood-borne diseases are lethal ... A blood-borne disease is a disease that can be spread through contamination by blood and other body fluids. Blood can contain ... Blood for blood transfusion is screened for many blood-borne diseases. Additionally, a technique that uses a combination of ... "Preventing the Spread of Bloodborne Pathogens" (PDF). Bloodborne Pathogens Training. The American National Red Cross. Retrieved ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood-borne_disease

Mast EE, Goodman RA, Bond WW (1995). "Transmission of blood-borne pathogens during sports: risk and prevention". Annals of ... Pediatrics Committee on Sports Medicine and Fitness (1999). "Human immunodeficiency virus and other blood-borne viral pathogens ... Hepatitis B, hepatitis C and Human immunodeficiency virus infection are classical examples of blood-borne diseases. Unlike ... Disposable vinyl or latex gloves should be worn to avoid contact with blood or other bodily fluids visibly tinged with blood ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infectious_diseases_(athletes)

... is a physician specializing in blood-borne pathogens. He has developed screening tests to prevent HIV and West ... Busch is a professor of laboratory medicine at the University of California, San Francisco and director of the Blood Systems ... "Screening the Blood Supply for West Nile Virus RNA by Nucleic Acid Amplification Testing". New England Journal of Medicine. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_P._Busch

... who risk exposure to blood-borne pathogens. Psychosocial hazards are occupational hazards that affect someone's social life or ... Health care professionals are at risk to exposure to blood-borne illnesses (such as HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C) and ... "CDC - Bloodborne Infectious Diseases - HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis B Virus, and Hepatitis C Virus - NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health ... Long-term exposure to HAVS can lead to damage occurring in the blood vessels, nerves, muscles, and joints of the hand, wrist, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazard

This includes the following: food borne, airborne, waterborne, blood-borne, and vector-borne. Many pathogenic bacteria, such as ... HIV and hepatitis B are viral infections caused by blood-borne pathogens. Aspergillus the most common pathogenic fungi, ... Depending on how the pathogen interacts with the host, it can be involved in one of three host-pathogen interactions. ... we know that pathogen proteins causing an extensive rewiring of the host interactome have a higher impact in pathogen fitness ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Host–pathogen_interaction

Blood may also be used to identify pathogens and arthropod-borne viruses. Ectoparasites may be collected for studies of ... John James Audubon, born in 1785, observed and painted birds in France and later in the Ohio and Mississippi valleys. From 1827 ... The RSPB, born in 1889, grew from a small Croydon-based group of women, including Eliza Phillips, Etta Lemon, Catherine Hall ... Nondestructive samples of blood or feathers taken during field studies may be studied in the laboratory. For instance, the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ornithology

This can be an unsafe practice where blood-borne pathogens are concerned; the use of safe, sterilized equipment such as a ... A blood ritual is any ritual that involves the intentional release of blood. A common blood ritual is the blood brother ritual ... "Affirming a Faith Bathed in Blood." Time. Time Inc. January 2007. Web. 7 November 2011. Copeman, Jacob. "Blood will have Blood ... Blood is typically seen as very powerful, and sometimes as unclean. Blood sacrifice is sometimes considered by the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_ritual

The American Hospital Association found that a case of infection by blood-borne pathogens could cost $1 million for testing, ... www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/bbp/emergnedl.html OSHA Bloodborne Pathogen Standard (BBPS) Bloodborne Pathogens and Needlestick ... significantly more than other blood borne pathogens. After exposure to the hepatitis B virus (HBV), appropriate and timely ... or a biomedical device contaminated with blood from a terminally ill patient increase the risk for contracting a blood-borne ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Needlestick_injury

Sterilization, sanitation and safety standards; certificate of completion of blood-borne pathogens and body piercing infection ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_status_of_tattooing_in_the_United_States

"Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens;Needlestick and Other Sharps Injuries; Final Rule. - 66:5317-5325". Osha.gov. ... that can reduce infections that are unexposed to blood-borne antibiotics. Introducing antibiotics, including ethanol, into the ... the Occupational Safety and Health Administration has mandated wearing gloves to reduce the risk of bloodborne pathogen ... Washing hands as promptly and thoroughly as possible between patient contacts and after contact with blood, body fluids, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital-acquired_infection

It is possible for this waste to spread blood-borne pathogens if contaminated sharps penetrate the skin. The spread of these ... pathogens is directly responsible for the transmission of blood-borne diseases, such as hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), ... Jagger, J.; De Carli, G.; Perry, J.; Puro, V.; Ippolito, G. (2003). "Chapter 31: Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens ... In 2000, the Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act was passed, along with the 2001 Bloodborne Pathogens Standard. Safety ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharps_waste

Needlesticks can result in hazardous drug or bloodborne-pathogen exposures. Unlike human medical professionals, veterinarians ... Epidemiology is focused on herd health and prevention of herd borne diseases and foreign animal diseases. Pathology, like ... A 2015 study published in the Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association proved that blood pressure readings, pulse ... blood tests, urinalysis and others. Veterinarians must consider the appropriateness of euthanasia ("putting to sleep") if a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veterinarian

... and the community in developing nations are at an increased risk of contracting blood-borne pathogens via the reuse and ... In the U.S., the Needlestick Safety Act signed in 2000 and the 2001 Bloodborne Pathogens Standard both mandated the use of ... Jagger, J., De Carli, G., Perry, J., Puro, V., Ippolito, G. (2003). Chapter 31: Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens: ... which the Needlestick Act and Bloodborne Pathogens Standard were attempting to decrease, was two-handed recapping. As a result ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Needle_remover

... where she studied the impact of drug use on blood borne pathogens. She was a medical fellow in epidemiology at the Centers for ... Thorpe, Lorna (2000). Effects of drug use patterns and behaviors on bloodborne pathogens (Thesis). OCLC 46379020. "Urban Health ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorna_Thorpe

Under universal precautions all patients were considered to be possible carriers of blood-borne pathogens. The guideline ... Since pathogens fall into two broad categories, bloodborne (carried in the body fluids) and airborne, personal protective ... Additional precautions are not needed for blood-borne infections, unless there are complicating factors.[citation needed] ... and other bloodborne pathogens in health-care settings. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1988;37(24):377-82, 87-8. Lynch P, Jackson MM ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_precautions

OSHA's Compliance Directive on Bloodborne Pathogens and the Prevention of Needlestick Injuries. U.S. Government Printing Office ... Ferro was born in Brooklyn, New York, and raised on Staten Island. Ferro worked in hospitals in San Francisco in the early ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peggy_Ferro

Blood-borne pathogens, such as HIV, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C are of particular concern among injection drug users who share ... The boxes contain sterile needles as well as other supplies necessary to reduce the risk of spreading blood borne pathogens. If ... In an effort to reduce the spread of blood borne pathogens, Southern Nevada installed vending machines to give access to ... This creates a high risk population for the spread of bloodborne pathogens. A new approach to reduce harm to IV drug users was ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_injection

First aid - The lifeguard in training should know how to protect themselves from blood borne pathogens. Lifeguards should ... American Red Cross" (PDF).{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) "Protecting Yourself From Bloodborne Pathogens". WPI. ... A series of chest compressions and ventilations that try to circulate blood containing oxygen throughout the body to vital ... first aid the lifeguard should wear latex gloves to protect their hands from coming into contact with the victim's blood. When ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lifeguard

Needles should not be shared between people, as this increases risk of transmitting blood-borne pathogens. The practice of ... If blood flows into the syringe it signals that a blood vessel has been hit. Due to the prevalence of unsafe injection ... With the exception of occasional differences in the accuracy of blood tests when drawn from an intraosseous line, it is ... Other infections may occur when pathogens enter the body through the injection site, most commonly due to improper cleaning of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injection_(medicine)

"Genomic changes associated with the evolutionary transition of an insect gut symbiont into a blood-borne pathogen". The ISME ... Other commonly known Bartonellae include human pathogens, such as the facultatively intracellular Bartonella henselae, ... a human pathogen isolated initially from three patients in Thailand and an uncultured Bartonella species isolated from an ant. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartonella_apis

OSHA requires that exposure to blood-borne pathogens be limited as much as possible due to the assumption that the blood and ... "Blood Borne Infectious Diseases: HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C". CDC Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved ... Human blood can carry deadly diseases like HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C. When cleaning up blood it's important to ... Under employee safety and cross-contamination protocols, OSHA's bloodborne pathogens regulations pertain to bioremediation. In ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crime_scene_cleanup

This is a primary vector for blood-borne diseases which can be transmitted through blood (blood-borne pathogens). People who ... People who use previously used needles are at increased risk of getting infected with blood-borne pathogens such as HIV, HBV, ... Blood-borne diseases are transmitted when a susceptible person uses a needle that was previously used by a person who is ... Almost 50% of people who participate in IVDU have Hepatitis C. Not only are blood borne diseases passed via needle sharing, but ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Needle_sharing

These pathogens fall into two broad categories, bloodborne (carried in the body fluids) and airborne. The practice of BSI was ... Other conditions which called for minimizing risks with BSI: Diseases with air-borne transmission (e.g., tuberculosis) Diseases ... and other bloodborne pathogens in health-care settings". JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. 260 (4): 462. ... Body substance isolation is a practice of isolating all body substances (blood, urine, feces, tears, etc.) of individuals ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_substance_isolation

"Current methods for the reduction of blood-borne pathogens: a comprehensive literature review". Blood Transfusion. 11 (3): 343- ... "Whole blood pathogen reduction technology and blood safety in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review with regional discussion ... Schlenke, Peter (2014). "Pathogen Inactivation Technologies for Cellular Blood Components: an Update". Transfusion Medicine and ... The product's primary purpose is to guarantee a clean supply of blood products, and deactivate both known and unknown pathogens ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerus_Corporation

He adopted a blood-borne pathogens standard and regulations designed to curb abuses in the temporary employment agency industry ... John Charles Brooks (born January 10, 1937) is an American attorney who served as North Carolina Commissioner of Labor from ... John Brooks was born on January 10, 1937 in Greenville, North Carolina. He graduated from Greenville High School earned a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C._Brooks

... one of which is the phagocytosis of blood-borne pathogens. Because of the anatomy of the marginal zone, the blood within it ... Both the perifollicular zone and the red pulp consist of an open circulatory system of blood-filled spaces known as splenic ... There is limited data regarding the specific roles of these two macrophage subsets in the uptake and eradication of pathogens. ... However there is evidence and reports that show there is a specific involvement of the various pathogen receptors on the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marginal_zone

"OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES TO BLOOD AND BODY FLUIDS RECOMMENDED PRACTICES FOR PREVENTING HOLLOW-BORE NEEDLESTICK INJURIES" (PDF). ... "Health Care Worker Health and Safety: Preventing Needlestick Injury and Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens" (PDF). ... Unfortunately, improper disposal methods and re-use are responsible for transferring blood borne diseases. Of the 55 cases ... Some brands of spring-loaded syringes can have a splatter effect, where blood and fluids are sprayed off the cannula from the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safety_syringe

Many jurisdictions require that tattooists have blood-borne pathogen training such as that provided through the Red Cross and ... SS blood group tattoos (German: Blutgruppentätowierung) were worn by members of the Waffen-SS in Nazi Germany during World War ... Occasionally, when a blood vessel is punctured during the tattooing procedure, a bruise/hematoma may appear. At the same time, ... Disposable plastic aprons and eye protection can be worn depending on the risk of blood or other secretions splashing into the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tattoo

In addition, the Association of Professional Piercers recommends classes in First Aid in blood-borne pathogens as part of ... The blood would be collected on bark, which would be burned in honor of the Mayan gods. It was also practiced by the Haida, ... In some cases, the alveolar tooth-bearing bone is also involved, jeopardizing the stability and durability of the teeth in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_piercing

Tan M, Hegde RS, Jiang X (2004). "The P Domain of Norovirus Capsid Protein Forms Dimer and Binds to Histo-Blood Group Antigen ... Hand washing with soap and water is an effective method for reducing the transmission of norovirus pathogens. Alcohol rubs (≥62 ... Hedberg CW, Osterholm MT (1993). "Outbreaks of food-borne and waterborne viral gastroenteritis". Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 6 (3): ... Reports have shown a link between the expression of human histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) and the susceptibility to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norovirus

Russian Federation Air Force Tupolev Tu-22M (NATO reporting name "Backfire"), Tupolev Tu-95 (NATO reporting name "Bear"), and ... the leader of the Signed In Blood Battalion and former senior member of al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb. dropping several 500- ... can reduce the concentration of airborne pathogens by 55 times and increase the availability of fresh air to passengers by 190 ... one-person gyrocopter bearing the logo of the United States Postal Service, claiming he made the flight to deliver a letter ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_in_aviation

... then creates pores in pathogen membranes so granzymes can move into the pathogen where it can cause microptosis. Granzymes ... Patients with high levels of Granulysin in blood serum are better able to fight off metastasis, and generally progression of ... Sparrow E, Bodman-Smith MD (January 2020). "Granulysin: The attractive side of a natural born killer" (PDF). Immunology Letters ... Although GNLY is able to kill pathogens by itself, usually, it cooperates with other proteins from cytotoxic granules, most ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNLY

He produced large amounts of human alpha interferon from large quantities of human white blood cells collected by the Finnish ... PLOS Pathogens. 16 (7): e1008737. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1008737. PMC 7390284. PMID 32726355. Toor SM, Saleh R, Elkord E ( ... "Innate Immune Antagonism of Mosquito-Borne Flaviviruses in Humans and Mosquitoes". Viruses. 13 (11): 2116. doi:10.3390/ ... Blood Bank. Large amounts of human beta interferon were made by superinducing the beta interferon gene in human fibroblast ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferon

Unlike Lyme disease and other tick-borne pathogens that require a prolonged attachment period to establish infection, a person ... resulting in mononuclear cell infiltration into blood vessels and subsequent red blood cell leakage into surrounding tissues. ... Through a series of discoveries, the team found that a previous blood meal was necessary to make the tick deadly to its hosts, ... Ticks can also become infected with R. rickettsii while feeding on blood from the host in either the larval or nymphal stage. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocky_Mountain_spotted_fever

A vaccine for humans to prevent tick-borne encephalitis was approved by the CDC in 2021 for use in the US. Though, this is not ... Soft ticks remain attached on the order of a couple hours and may take multiple blood meals from the same host. Hard ticks on ... Non-bacterial pathogens transmitted by ticks are also common. Viruses transmitted by arthropods such as ticks are an emerging ... It is estimated that the worldwide cost associated with controlling tick levels and tick borne disease is as high as 13.9 to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tick_infestation

Though access to water has improved for some, it continues to be especially difficult for women and children as they bear most ... Physical activity is a protective factor against chronic conditions such as type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and coronary ... Contaminated water enables the spread of various waterborne-pathogens, including bacteria (E. coli, cholera), viruses ( ... This area involves improving the lives of women and girls so that their children are born in healthy environments and placing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diseases_of_poverty

Judging from the advice given in many medieval documents on how to salvage wine that bore signs of going bad, preservation must ... generate good blood and brighten the mood. The quality of wine differed considerably according to vintage, the type of grape ... grains and fruits were turned into alcoholic drinks thus killing any pathogens, and milk was fermented and curdled into a ... This is partially true since mead bore great symbolic value at important occasions. When agreeing on treaties and other ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_cuisine

The first known child to be born as a result of mitochondrial donation was a boy born to a Jordanian couple in Mexico on 6 ... Shuster RC, Rubenstein AJ, Wallace DC (1988). "Mitochondrial DNA in anucleate human blood cells". Biochem Biophys Res Commun. ... made them interesting objects of research because many of these unicellular organisms with linear mtDNA are known pathogens. ... born using new method". BBC News. Archived from the original on 30 May 2019. Retrieved 28 September 2016. Alexeyev MF (October ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial_DNA

Up to 44% of hepatocellular carcinomas in regions with high aflatoxin exposure bear a GC → TA transversion at codon 249 of p53 ... Sur, E; Celik, İ (2003). "Effects of aflatoxin B1on the development of the bursa of Fabricius and blood lymphocyte acid ... human pathogen, allergen and mycotoxin producer". Microbiology. 153 (6): 1677-1692. doi:10.1099/mic.0.2007/007641-0. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aflatoxin_B1

Huebner was born in Cheviot, Ohio, a western suburb of Cincinnati, on February 23, 1914. After attending a local parish ... After culturing and isolating the organism in laboratory mice, the pathogen they named Rickettsia akari was identified as the ... Weinstein Urges War on Rodents Some Removed to Hospitals Blood of Patients Sampled", The New York Times, October 4, 1946. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Huebner

Overzier E, Pfister K, Herb I, Mahling M, Böck G, Silaghi C (June 2013). "Detection of tick-borne pathogens in roe deer ( ... Wodecka B, Rymaszewska A, Skotarczak B (April 2014). "Host and pathogen DNA identification in blood meals of nymphal Ixodes ... Varde S, Beckley J, Schwartz I (1998). "Prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in Ixodes scapularis in a rural New Jersey County". ... Rochlin I, Toledo A (June 2020). "Emerging tick-borne pathogens of public health importance: a mini-review". Journal of Medical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyme_disease

The reduction of blood-borne and sexually transmitted infections; The reduction of Tuberculosis in at-risk populations; and ... the Quarantine Act, the Department of Health Act, the Public Health Agency of Canada Act, and the Human Pathogens and Toxins ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_Public_Health_Officer_of_Canada

A questionnaire to dog owners and a blood sample of 181 dogs from four breeds, miniature and standard bull terriers, German ... Theoretically, Elavil wouldn't be that good in obsessive-compulsive behavior but, limited for reasons of expense, and bearing ... Hart BL (1990). "Behavioral adaptations to pathogens and parasites: five strategies". Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 14 ... Sapolsky observed the baboons' ranks, personalities and social affiliations, then collected blood samples of the baboons to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_psychopathology

Fluid replacement, blood transfusions, and medication for low blood pressure may be required. Intravenous interferon therapy ... Ogbu O, Ajuluchukwu E, Uneke CJ (March 2007). "Lassa fever in West African sub-region: an overview". J Vector Borne Dis. 44 (1 ... "LIST OF PATHOGENS". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 13 December 2016. " ... In those who are pregnant, miscarriage may occur in 95% of child-bearing women. Lassa fever can be difficult to distinguish ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lassa_fever

The first use of "heavy metal" in a song lyric is in reference to a motorcycle in the Steppenwolf song "Born to Be Wild", also ... "Blood and Thunder: The Profits of Doom". 15 February 2006. popmatters.com. Retrieved on 8 April 2007 Wray, John. "Heady Metal ... 86, 116 Pazhoohi, F.; Luna, K. (2018). "Ecology of Musical Preference: the Relationship Between Pathogen Prevalence and the ... "Blood and Thunder: Regeneration". PopMatters.com. Retrieved 14 May 2008. "Lady Antebellum 'Own' the Billboard 200 with Second ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metal_music

These M cells then alert the B cells and T cells in the tonsil that a pathogen is present and an immune response is stimulated ... Humans are born with four types of tonsils: the pharyngeal tonsil, two tubal tonsils, two palatine tonsils and the lingual ... and as such frequently engorge with blood to assist in immune responses to common illnesses such as the common cold. The ... that allow for the uptake of antigens produced by pathogens. ... line of defense against ingested or inhaled foreign pathogens, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonsil

Men with high blood pressure are more likely to develop prostate cancer. A small increase in risk is associated with lack of ... Ahmed HU, Arya M, Freeman A, Emberton M (November 2012). "Do low-grade and low-volume prostate cancers bear the hallmarks of ... but PLOS Pathogens retracted the article in 2012. Men with prostate cancer generally encounter significant disparities in ... Elevated blood testosterone levels may increase risk. Genetics may affect risk, as suggested by associations with race, family ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostate_cancer

... forming the blood-brain barrier, which blocks the passage of many toxins and pathogens (though at the same time blocking ... Malenka, R; Bear, M (2004). "LTP and LTD: an embarrassment of riches". Neuron. 44 (1): 5-21. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2004.09.012. ... Blood vessels enter the central nervous system through holes in the meningeal layers. The cells in the blood vessel walls are ... blood glucose levels, blood oxygen level, and others. The ability of an animal to regulate the internal environment of its body ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain

... and from the blood meals of captured mosquitos which may have eaten blood from any animals in the area. Some methods can also ... DNA from snow track samples has been used to confirm the presence of such elusive and rare species as polar bears, arctic fox, ... PLOS Pathogens. 4 (11): e1000213. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000213. PMC 2581603. PMID 19023416. Berne C, Kysela DT, Brun YV ( ... eDNA can come from skin, mucous, saliva, sperm, secretions, eggs, feces, urine, blood, roots, leaves, fruit, pollen, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_DNA

Because it is illegal to keep unknown animals from newly contacted planets as pets (in cases where they may bear pathogens, or ... He is actually unrelated to Ranka by blood and is only her adopted brother, constantly blaming himself for failing to protect ... Born into a well-known Kabuki family, his persistent yearning for the skies has made for a thorny relationship with his father ... Brera Sterne (ブレラ・スターン, Burera Sutān) Voiced by: Sōichirō Hoshi Age: 19 Born as Brera Mei (ブレラ・メイ, Burera Mei), he is the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Macross_Frontier_characters

When grown on blood agar, Histophilus will have a clear areas around the colonies. The dew-drop shaped colonies grown on ... Histophilus somni can be characterized as an opportunistic pathogen and successful disease can be established because of poor ... while allowing a better understanding of the role of horizontal gene transfer in the evolution of these strains Plasmid-borne ... Diagnosis can be made by testing blood, cerebrospinal fluids, joint or pleural fluids for bacterial DNA via PCR or bacterial ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histophilus_somni

Bears: Their Biology and Management. A Selection of Papers from the Fifth International Conference on Bear Research and ... Antler growth is "nourished by an extensive system of blood vessels in the skin covering, which contains numerous hair ... This encroachment by deer on moose habitat brought moose into contact with previously unfamiliar pathogens, including brainworm ... However, brown bears are more likely to take over a wolf kill or to take young moose than to hunt adult moose on their own. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moose

... grizzly bears, polar bears, and ungulates. It is also seen in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), red-spotted newts ( ... In dogs, the male has a knot in his penis that gets engorged with blood and ties the female, locking them together during ... Also, semen transferred from the males can contain pathogens and fecal matter, which can lead to disease and decrease female ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_coercion_among_animals

In 2015, Donald Ingber engineered a blood protein that binds to more than 90 sepsis-causing pathogens, including bacteria, ... "Wyss gives $131 million more to Harvard institute that bears his name". Harvard Gazette. 7 June 2019. "Launching the field of ... Sridharan, Rukmani (May 19, 2021). "GARNET Pathogen Filter to Treat Sepsis: Exclusive with Nisha Varma, COO of BOA Biomedical ... Orcutt, Mike (September 18, 2015). "A Portable Blood Cleanser for Treating Sepsis". MIT Technology Review. Retrieved 2022-03-17 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyss_Institute_for_Biologically_Inspired_Engineering

... was born in Los Angeles, California to Canadian parents. His grandparents were Russian and Polish immigrants. He ... Spector, Rosanne (2005-01-19). "New method developed for measuring oxygen in blood". Stanford University. Retrieved 2022-05-10 ... a technique that uses bioluminescent bacteria for real-time pathogen imaging. Benaron was a strategic advisor for California- ... David A. Benaron (born November 21, 1958) is an American digital health entrepreneur, physician, and former Stanford University ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Benaron

"Rodent-borne diseases". European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Retrieved 2018-06-04. Meyer, Barbara J; Schmaljohn ... After the initial period, bleeding under the skin begins, often paired with low blood pressure, followed by further internal ... Hantavirus Virus Pathogen Database and Analysis Resource (ViPR): Hantaviridae Occurrences and deaths in North and South America ... Kang HJ, Bennett SN, Hope AG, Cook JA, Yanagihara R (2011). "Shared Ancestry between a Newfound Mole-Borne Hantavirus and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthohantavirus

Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary, Blood and Studdert, 1999 Fairey, Philip; Chandra, Subrato; Moyer, Neil. "Mold ... and a very few opportunistic pathogens of humans. They all require moisture for growth and some live in aquatic environments. ... if materials are easily replaceable and not part of the load-bearing structure. Professional drying of concealed wall cavities ... "Isolation and Identification of Natural Colorant Producing Soil-Borne Aspergillus niger from Bangladesh and Extraction of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mold

Bloodborne infections among student voluntary blood donors in Mansoura University, Egypt El Gilany, A.H.; El Fedawy, S. (‎ ... We carried out a retrospective study on student voluntary blood donors in Mansoura University, Egypt. Serum samples were tested ... Aide-memoire for a strategy to protect health workers from infection with bloodborne viruses ... "Blood-Borne Pathogens". 0-9. A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T. U. V. W. X. Y. Z. * 0-9 ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/browse?authority=Blood-Borne+Pathogens&type=mesh

9.6.G. Blood Borne Pathogens The California Blood Borne Pathogen (BBP) Standard requires than an employee who has been ... 3.7.G. Blood Borne Pathogens*3.7.H. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)*3.7.I. Sexual Harassment*3.7.J ... 7.6.G. Blood Borne Pathogens*7.6.H. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)*7.6.I. Sexual Harassment ... 9.6.G. Blood Borne Pathogens*9.6.H. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)*9.6.I. Sexual Harassment ...

https://med.stanford.edu/academicaffairshandbook/chapter-9/other-policies/blood-borne-pathogens.html

... mandated annual training required by OSHA for support providers whose jobs involve potential contact with blood borne pathogens ... OSHA/Universal Precautions and Blood Borne Pathogens. December 18, 2018 @ 9:00 am - 11:30 am. $30 ... Bloodborne Pathogens, Health Care. Organizer. Rachel Weingarten Phone: 608-890-0777 Email: [email protected] View ... mandated annual training required by OSHA for support providers whose jobs involve potential contact with blood borne pathogens ...

https://www.waisman.wisc.edu/event/universal-precautions-win-12-18-18/

Many workers are at great risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens. This course will teach you the ropes on how to protect ... Bloodborne Pathogens. course excerpts. Handling Contaminated Sharps. Bloodborne Pathogens. Course - Lesson Excerpt ... Bloodborne pathogens are microorganisms present in blood that can cause diseases such as Hepatitis B (HBV), Hepatitis C (HCV) ... Bloodborne Pathogens. Lessons. Click through the microlessons below to preview this course. Each lesson is designed to deliver ...

https://www.edapp.com/course/bloodborne-pathogens/

The 21-piece Bloodborne Pathogen Spill Clean Up Kit contains everything you need for effective and safe clean up, disinfection ... 21 Piece Blood borne Pathogen Spill Clean-Up Kit in Weatherproof Steel Case. ... The 21-piece Bloodborne Pathogen Spill Clean Up Kit contains everything you need for effective and safe clean up, disinfection ... blood, or urine. The personal protective equipment components of the kit help minimize exposure of personnel to potentially ...

https://www.firstaidonly.com/first-aid-kits/bloodborne-pathogen/20-piece-blood-borne-pathogen-spill-clean-up-kit-in-weatherproof-steel-case.html

https://www.ipssa.com/ipssan-express-articles/blood-borne-pathogen-workplace-hazards-the-pool-professional

Bloodborne Pathogen / Personal Protection w/ Mircroshield CPR Faceshield,br,,br,Guards caregivers of ill or injured patients ... Bloodborne Pathogen / Personal Protection w/ Mircroshield CPR Faceshield. Guards caregivers of ill or injured patients and ...

https://americancpr.com/bloodborne-pathogen-personal-protection-w-mircroshield-first-aid-only.html

Blood-borne Pathogen Resistant. Breathable membrane helps protect from diseases caused by blood-borne pathogens. Meets ASTM ... Delivers maximum waterproof protection and blood-borne pathogen resistance. Meets ASTM F1671-07 safety standard. ...

https://www.timberland.com/shop/mens-timberland-pro-workwear/mens-boondock-hd-6-inch-composite-toe-waterproof-work-boot-brown-tan-a29rk214

Bloodborne Pathogens. Hepatitis B. Hepatitis B infection is endemic to China (see Sec. 5, Part 2, Ch. 8, Hepatitis B). Nearly ... Tick-Borne Encephalitis. Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is present in northeastern parts of China and is a risk during March- ... Blood & Blood Product Safety. Hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus transmission from poorly sterilized medical equipment remains a ... including Rhesus negative blood; hospitals usually have only a few units of blood on hand. Rhogam legally is available only in ...

http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2014/chapter-4-select-destinations/china

Practical guidelines for preventing infections transmitted by blood or air in health-care settings : preventive measures to be ...

https://kohahq.searo.who.int/cgi-bin/koha/opac-search.pl?q=su:%7BBlood-borne%20pathogens.%7D

Results of search for ccl=su:{Blood-borne pathogens.} Refine your search. *. Availability. * Limit to currently available ...

https://kohahq.searo.who.int/cgi-bin/koha/opac-search.pl?q=ccl=su%3A%7BBlood-borne%20pathogens.%7D&sort_by=relevance_dsc&count=20&limit=su-to:Needlestick%20injuries

Preventing transmission of blood-borne pathogens to health care workers.. Authors: Richard, V S. Kenneth, J. Cherian, T. Chandy ... Preventing transmission of blood-borne pathogens to health care workers. National Medical Journal of India. 2000 Mar-Apr; 13(2 ... Health care workers are exposed to blood-borne pathogens, mainly the human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus and ... Methods of preventing transmission of blood-borne pathogens include vaccination against hepatitis B virus, following universal ...

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/118671

The objective of this paper was threefold To assess risk factors of blood-borne pathogen exposure and viral infection for ... The Cross-Sectional Study of attitudes towards risk factors of viral infections transmitted by blood-borne pathogens. ... to spot the differences between groups of respondents without exposure and those exposed to blood-borne infections, and to ... contact with the blood of patientsthrough the skin (OR = 176.94; 95% CI, 24.95-1254.61), and the years of service (OR = 0.92; ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/brasil/resource/pt/mdl-37011285

Another lesson was related to blood-borne pathogens. "The photos at Pulse showed victims lying in pools of everyone elses ... In the first 24 hours, 28 operations were performed and 441 units of blood products were used. In the next 24 hours, another 54 ... We were concerned about victims being exposed to other peoples blood, so baseline testing was done for hepatitis B and ... The Orlando Regional Medical Center typically keeps 300 total blood products on hand. ...

http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/874984

Blood-borne pathogens ... Blood penetration through different layers of filter media of ... Resistance to synthetic blood penetration of National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health-approved N95 filtering ... that several NIOSH-approved N95 FFR models would likely pass FDA clearance requirements for resistance to synthetic blood ...

http://www2a.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=aerosol+or+aerosols&f1=TI&s2=&PageNo=55&RecNo=549&View=f&

At last count, some 50 veterans have tested positive for blood borne pathogens. ...

https://www.yourlawyer.com/newsinferno/va-head-testifies-about-botched-treatments/

... the seroprevalence of blood-borne pathogens among these workers, and the seroprevalence of blood-borne pathogens among the ... and all identified articles that described surveys of exposures to blood or surveillance of blood-borne infections among ... Bloodborne-pathogens; Fire-fighters; Emergency-responders; Medical-personnel; Health-care-personnel; Occupational-exposure; ... For hepatitis B, only seroprevalence surveys conducted after the 1992 requirement by the Bloodborne Pathogens Standard to offer ...

http://www2.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=20028944&PageNo=1&RecNo=1&View=f&

Theoretical risk of blood-borne pathogens as it is a plasma product; risk is reduced by screening of donors and testing and/or ... Serine protease inhibitor; important natural inhibitor of blood coagulation; inactivation of thrombin, plasmin, and other ... Comment: Corticosteroids may decrease anticoagulant effects by increasing blood coagulability; conversely, they may impair ... Comment: Corticosteroids may decrease anticoagulant effects by increasing blood coagulability; conversely, they may impair ...

http://reference.medscape.com/drug/342868

Needlestick injuries are a serious hazard and can expose you to over 20 types of infectious bloodborne pathogens, or BBPs. The ... and is one of the most frequent routes of transmission in occupationally acquired blood-borne infections. ... usually a hollow-bore needle from a syringe, ... most serious pathogens are Hepatitis B or HBV, Hepatitis C or ...

https://evolveelearning.com/product/preventing-needlestick-injuries/

Blood Bactericidal Activity G9.188.124.145 Blood-Borne Pathogens B4.909.142 B4.194 Blotting, Far-Western E5.393.525.262.500 ... and Blood Institute (U.S.) I1.409.137.500.600.480.300 I1.409.418.750.600.480.300 N3.540.52.750.300 National Human Genome ... Tick-Borne C2.182.500.300.300.350 C2.182.525.300.350 C10.228.228.210.150.300.300.775 C10.228.140.430.520.750.300.775 C10.228. ... Tick-Borne B4.909.777.270.511 B4.820.230.511 B4.909.777.310.350.350 Encephalitis, Arbovirus C2.182.500.300.300 C2.182.525.300 ...

https://decs.bvs.br/P/mnchg2016.txt

5. Identify the blood borne pathogens and recommend strategies of preventing the transmission ... 1. Explain the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Guidelines for management of blood borne ... 6. Develop a flowchart for the management of occupational exposures to blood borne ... pathogens, hazardous waste, and biomedical waste.. 2. Integrate into practice the components of the California Dental Boards ...

https://portal.santarosa.edu/SRWeb/SR_CourseOutlines.aspx?ck=DE51

Concern and Practices of Protection Against Blood-borne Pathogens. Annals of Surgery, 228, 266-272. ...

http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1197930&pid=S0034-9690200700010000700037&lng=pt

... exposure to blood-borne pathogens and communicable diseases; and for interaction with disruptive and/or unruly individuals ...

https://www.pausd.org/careers/job-description-library/hr/~board/job-descriptions-library/post/teacher-on-special-assignment-tosa-elementary-literacy-pk-5

Its unsafe use can transmit various blood borne pathogens. This article aims to review the history and status of injection ... 8]. STERILIZATION OF MICROORGANISM FOUND IN FOOD ITEM (TOMATOES) USING UV LIGHT: The source of a large outbreak of food borne ... URINARY TRACK INFECTION SUSCEPTIBLY AMONG WOMEN WITH BLOOD GROUP B: The urinary tract is one of the most common places for the ... INTEGRATED MICROCHIP FOR RAPID BLOOD GLUCOSE DETECTION: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most prevalent diseases and easily ...

https://hyclassproject.com/community-health-project-topics-and-materials33.html

Any instance that you've been potentially exposed to bloodborne pathogens or other potentially infectious materials (OPIM) as defined in the standard that results from the performance of your duties. (edapp.com)
People exposed to bloodborne pathogens risk developing severe or life-threatening illnesses. (pureway.com)
It is essential for people who are exposed to bloodborne pathogens to get prompt medical care. (pureway.com)

Exposure incidents can lead to infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), or other bloodborne pathogens and will need immediate evaluation. (edapp.com)
Bloodborne pathogens are infectious microorganisms that can cause severe or life-threatening illnesses, such as HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. (pureway.com)
Blood-borne pathogens, such as hepatitis B and C, can also be transmitted through sexual contact. (pureway.com)
These diseases include HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B and C, and other bloodborne infections. (pureway.com)
The two most clinically important (present the greatest risk) BBP pathogens are the viruses human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) . (southalabama.edu)
Health care workers are exposed to blood-borne pathogens, mainly the human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus. (who.int)
Methods of preventing transmission of blood-borne pathogens include vaccination against hepatitis B virus, following universal precautions and taking adequate post-exposure prophylaxis. (who.int)
3) 'Blood-borne pathogens' include the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Hepatitis viruses, their associated mutations and other blood-borne viruses. (edu.au)
We were concerned about victims being exposed to other people's blood, so baseline testing was done for hepatitis B and vaccinations. (medscape.com)
For hepatitis B, only seroprevalence surveys conducted after the 1992 requirement by the Bloodborne Pathogens Standard to offer vaccination to potentially exposed employees were included. (cdc.gov)
The most serious pathogens are Hepatitis B or HBV, Hepatitis C or HCV, and the human immunodeficiency virus, HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. (evolveelearning.com)
Implementation of infection control standards in blood banks is important to prevent transmission of blood-borne infections such as HIV, hepatitis B and Hepatitis C. No study from Pakistan evaluated the infection control practices in the blood banks of Pakistan. (who.int)
HCV), hepatitis B (HBV) and HIV, are an important prevalence, HBV and HCV are the leading causes of concern in blood banks where unsafe blood banking chronic liver disease. (who.int)
HIV collectively range from 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.003% in high- individual in Pakistan infected with HBV and HCV with income countries to 1.03%, 1.08% and 3.70% respectively in an overall prevalence of Hepatitis B and C to be 2.5% low-income countries among blood donors, respectively and 4.8% respectively (3,4) . (who.int)
The World Health Organization (WHO) Western Pacific Region with an estimated 160 million chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers in 2007 bears a significant burden of HBV-related mortality and morbidity. (who.int)
HBsAg seroprevalence data were also analysed among specific groups, including at-risk groups that are defined as groups with risk of blood-borne or sexual transmission of hepatitis B. All analysis was done by Excel (Microsoft Excel 2010, Redmond, USA). (who.int)

A blood-borne pathogen's symptoms depend on the specific pathogen but can include fever, chills, body aches, and fatigue. (pureway.com)

These pathogens include viruses, bacteria, and fungi. (pureway.com)
Blood Borne Pathogen Training typically includes information on protecting oneself from exposure to blood and other bodily fluids that may contain harmful viruses or bacteria. (pureway.com)
RELIABLE PROTECTION against common bacteria, bodily fluids, and protects against blood borne pathogens. (netdirectsales.com)
When this fluid is infected by a pathogen, its sterility is lost and it becomes an internal Petri dish in which bacteria or other agents quickly multiply. (osc-ortho.com)
Infections: Viruses, bacteria and parasites that were present in the donor's blood can escape the detection screening. (criticalcarenow.com)
Ronald Rosenberg] First, I should explain that a vector is a blood feeding insect or tick that carries a pathogen, and a pathogen is a virus, bacteria, or parasite. (cdc.gov)

Bloodborne pathogens are microorganisms that can cause disease when they enter the bloodstream. (pureway.com)
The OSHA standard was developed to help limit the potential exposure of healthcare workers to pathogenic microorganisms associated with human blood and blood products. (southalabama.edu)
Currently, there are a limited number of clinically important microorganisms can be transmitted through exposure to either patient's blood or patient blood-contaminated materials. (southalabama.edu)
The pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus infection, the growing emergence of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms and the evolving public health threats from known and unknown disease pathogens, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome and viral haemorrgahic fevers, have underscored the urgency of the need for organization and implementation of infection prevention and control programmes in health care in coherence with other public health services and interventions. (who.int)

This class meets the requirements for the mandated annual training required by OSHA for support providers whose jobs involve potential contact with blood borne pathogens. (wisc.edu)
The OSHA compliant, biohazard cleanup kit provides cleaning tools and disposable personal protective equipment to safely clean up potentially infectious bodily fluids such as vomit, spit, blood, or urine. (firstaidonly.com)
In addition, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has a specific regulation (29 CFR 1910.1030) that covers bloodborne pathogens in the workplace. (pureway.com)
The Bloodborne Pathogen Standard was created by OSHA to reduce and/or eliminate the occupational hazard to healthcare workers and others whose duties may put him or her at risk for contact with human blood or blood associated materials. (southalabama.edu)

The paper highlights the role of vector-borne pathogens as prominent contributors to emerging infectious diseases. (cdc.gov)

If you might be exposed to blood or other body fluids, it is important to know the potential risks and how to reduce your exposure. (driversalert.com)
People can become infected with bloodborne pathogens through exposure to contaminated blood or body fluids, such as saliva, urine, sweat, or vaginal secretions. (pureway.com)
That is why people at risk of exposure to blood or body fluids need to receive bloodborne pathogen training. (pureway.com)
They are acquired through contact with potentially infectious materials such as human blood and certain body fluids. (southalabama.edu)
4) 'Standard precautions' are standard operating procedures that apply to any situation in which there is a risk of contact with human blood, body fluids and tissues regardless of their perceived infectious risk. (edu.au)
5) Standard precautions incorporate safe systems of handling blood (including dried blood), other body fluids, secretions and excretions (excluding sweat), non-intact skin and mucous membranes, and human tissues. (edu.au)

These diseases are spread when the blood from an infected person enters the body of someone who is not infected. (edapp.com)
Breathable membrane helps protect from diseases caused by blood-borne pathogens. (timberland.com)

IMSEAR at SEARO: Preventing transmission of blood-borne pathogens to health care workers. (who.int)
In keeping with this commitment, this policy sets out roles and responsibilities in the prevention of the transmission of blood-borne pathogens and the strategies in place to minimise the risk of infection. (edu.au)
2.5 Transmission of blood-borne pathogens in health care settings. (who.int)
Transmission of air- borne infection between people in confi ned spaces such as aircraft cab- ins is of particular concern to health offi cials and the public at large. (who.int)
Needlestick injury or NSI is an accidental percutaneous piercing wound caused by a contaminated sharps instrument, usually a hollow-bore needle from a syringe, and is one of the most frequent routes of transmission in occupationally acquired blood-borne infections. (evolveelearning.com)
In addition to preventing the transfusion of banking system in Pakistan comprises public, private transmitted infections (transmission of infection to or nongovernmental organization (NGO) and hospital- blood recipients), blood banks must also adhere to other based or stand-alone blood banks. (who.int)
Ronald Rosenberg] Well, one important factor, among others, is that sometimes when a pathogen adapts to a new vector species or to a new animal host it increases the chance of transmission to humans. (cdc.gov)

The Cross-Sectional Study of attitudes towards risk factors of viral infections transmitted by blood-borne pathogens. (bvsalud.org)
The objective of this paper was threefold To assess risk factors of blood-borne pathogen exposure and viral infection for employees at their workplace , to spot the differences between groups of respondents without exposure and those exposed to blood-borne infections , and to identify main risk predictors. (bvsalud.org)

Individuals who harbour these viruses may be asymptomatic and hence all patients should be assumed to harbour a blood-borne pathogen. (who.int)

Working with blood and other bodily fluids puts you at risk of contracting a bloodborne pathogen. (pureway.com)
Most blood-borne pathogens are transmitted through contaminated blood or bodily fluids. (pureway.com)
This means washing your hands thoroughly and often and avoiding contact with blood and bodily fluids. (pureway.com)
If you must come into contact with blood or bodily fluids, wear protective clothing, such as gloves, masks, and eye goggles. (pureway.com)
This training is essential for healthcare workers, first responders, and others who may come into contact with blood or other bodily fluids during work. (pureway.com)
In many jurisdictions, bloodborne pathogen training is required by law, and employers must provide this training to employees who may be exposed to blood or other bodily fluids on the job. (pureway.com)

In addition, needles or other sharp objects contaminated with blood can also transmit these pathogens. (pureway.com)
The vector can transmit the pathogen between people -- that happens with malaria parasites, which are transmitted by mosquitoes - but it's also common for the vector to transmit pathogens from animals to humans. (cdc.gov)

Many workers are at great risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens. (edapp.com)
It will also help you take care of your co-workers by avoiding any possible spreading of bloodborne infections to others. (edapp.com)
To address this concern, the authors conducted a literature review of occupational blood exposures, the seroprevalence of blood-borne pathogens among these workers, and the seroprevalence of blood-borne pathogens among the patients they serve. (cdc.gov)
Background: Hepatits B virus (HBV) is the most common blood borne pathogen that poses an occupational risk to Health-care workers. (bvsalud.org)

We carried out a retrospective study on student voluntary blood donors in Mansoura University, Egypt. (who.int)
(1) . These blood donors can serve as the source of infection contributing to this endemicity were predominantly re- for blood recipients, hence screening of blood for such use of syringes and history of blood transfusion (3) . (who.int)
For chronic HBV infections in new blood donors the rate dropped from 8.0% in 1990 to 0.8% in 2014 (1.0% for males and 0.7% for females). (who.int)

Through this course, you will learn how to identify common risks, recognize equipment and practices to use to reduce exposure, take proper steps if you do become exposed, and to list aspects of an employer's Bloodborne Pathogen Exposure Program. (driversalert.com)
The good news is that you can take steps to protect yourself from exposure to these dangerous pathogens. (pureway.com)
In this article, you will learn about the different types of bloodborne pathogens, how they are transmitted, and what you can do to prevent exposure. (pureway.com)
You will also learn what to do if exposed to a bloodborne pathogen, such as how to get medical help and what steps to take to protect others from exposure. (pureway.com)
This training can help people learn how to protect themselves from exposure to bloodborne pathogens. (pureway.com)
This regulation requires employers to provide employees with information and training on bloodborne pathogens and implement engineering and work practice controls to minimize employee exposure. (pureway.com)
Close adherence to the Standard's policies and practices will effectively reduce your risk of exposure to other infectious microbial pathogens as well. (southalabama.edu)

This study aimed to evaluate infection control practices with reference to safe blood supply, staff safety and waste disposal practices in blood banks of Karachi, Pakistan. (who.int)
Infection control practices of all blood banks working in Karachi were de- termined through a structured questionnaire followed by an educational intervention. (who.int)
Mean scores for overall infection control practices and specific practices regarding safe blood supply, staff safety and waste disposal were calculated and compared with different factors using statistical tools. (who.int)
infection control (IC) standards in order to prevent the Blood banks are an important component of the health- spread of blood-borne infections. (who.int)

Resistance to synthetic blood penetration of National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health-approved N95 filtering facepiece respirators and surgical N95 respirators. (cdc.gov)
Firefighters and emergency medical services (EMS) personnel have the potential for occupational exposures to blood, which increases their risk for occupational blood-borne infection. (cdc.gov)

Taking a Blood Borne Pathogen Training course is one of the best ways to reduce your risk of infection. (pureway.com)
Tanya Johnson] So, you're saying that the US is also at risk for emerging vector-borne pathogens. (cdc.gov)

These occur within six hours of blood transfusions. (criticalcarenow.com)
Most exotic vector-borne pathogens could potentially occur in the US. (cdc.gov)

Surgeons` Concern and Practices of Protection Against Blood-borne Pathogens. (bvsalud.org)
This practice started to be questioned during the 1980's when a concern arises regarding transfusion reactions and blood-borne pathogens. (criticalcarenow.com)

Ronald Rosenberg] A number of scientists are dedicated to finding better, faster ways of detecting and combating emerging pathogens before they become epidemics. (cdc.gov)

Delivers maximum waterproof protection and blood-borne pathogen resistance. (timberland.com)
Conclusions: The results indicate that several NIOSH-approved N95 FFR models would likely pass FDA clearance requirements for resistance to synthetic blood penetration. (cdc.gov)

A healthcare provider can test you for the presence of the pathogen and start treatment right away if necessary. (pureway.com)
Blood collected aseptically from the donor, neglected component of the healthcare system. (who.int)

The Orlando Regional Medical Center typically keeps 300 total blood products on hand. (medscape.com)

A MEDLINE search was conducted, and all identified articles that described surveys of exposures to blood or surveillance of blood-borne infections among firefighters and/or emergency medical technicians (EMTs) in the United States were reviewed. (cdc.gov)

nonregulated blood transfusion service. (who.int)

Another lesson was related to blood-borne pathogens. (medscape.com)

The California Blood Borne Pathogen (BBP) Standard requires than an employee who has been determined to come into contact with human blood and/or other potentially infectious materials (OPIM) participate in an initial training and an annual update training session for as long as he or she remains exposed to those materials. (stanford.edu)

Must maintain first aid, CPR and blood borne pathogen certification. (securityguardunionnevada.com)

Make sure to include a copy of your blood borne pathogen certificate and training background. (crimescenecleanupbusiness.com)

You tell the provider that you think the patient needs a unit of blood, and you are right with your clinical judgement. (criticalcarenow.com)
They will then have usual clinical bloods taken with the drawing of up to two extra bottles (max 10 ml). (who.int)
Usual bloods will be sent to the local lab for analysis as per clinical care. (who.int)
Bloods will not be retained for future research, samples will be destroyed in line with the disposal of clinical samples ins usual practice. (who.int)

It can also teach them what to do if exposed to these pathogens. (pureway.com)

If the fluid is indeed infected with a microorganism, treatment will depend on the type of pathogen found. (osc-ortho.com)

The 21-piece Bloodborne Pathogen Spill Clean Up Kit contains everything you need for effective and safe clean up, disinfection and disposal of small bodily fluid spills. (firstaidonly.com)
If Septic Arthritis is suspected, it is important to quickly determine if a pathogen is present in the synovial fluid and to then isolate the microorganism that is causing the infection. (osc-ortho.com)

Bloodborne pathogens can cause disease, illness, or even death. (driversalert.com)
The source of a large outbreak of food borne disease related to Salmonella-contaminated tomatoes has been traced to Nigeria. (hyclassproject.com)

Human blood remains the primary source of HIV and HBV. (southalabama.edu)
This scene will often times have blood and human fluids left behind. (crimescenecleanupbusiness.com)

Results of search for 'su:{Blood-borne pathogens. (who.int)

If you think you may have been exposed to a bloodborne pathogen, it is important to seek medical care immediately. (pureway.com)
If you have been exposed to a bloodborne pathogen, it is important to tell your sexual partner(s) so that they can be tested and treated if necessary. (pureway.com)
Blood banks in Pakistan are often considered a is important. (who.int)
Although it is hard to imagine needing to a call someone for a crime scene cleaning, it is important to contact us the moment you are aware of blood that needs cleaned up. (crimescenecleanupbusiness.com)

In the body, red blood cells (RBC's) are what delivers oxygen to the tissues. (criticalcarenow.com)

Practical guidelines for preventing infections transmitted by blood or air in health-care settings : preventive measures to be taken by the health personnel. (who.int)

Anatomy15

Organisms82

Diseases45

Chemicals and Drugs33

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Phenomena and Processes53

Disciplines and Occupations4

Technology, Industry, Agriculture7

Information Science4

Health Care9

Frequency of vaccine-related and therapeutic injections--Romania, 1998. (1/280)

Audit on the degree of application of universal precautions in a haemodialysis unit. (2/280)

A novel serpin expressed by blood-borne microfilariae of the parasitic nematode Brugia malayi inhibits human neutrophil serine proteinases. (3/280)

Needlestick injury in clothing industry workers and the risks of blood-borne infection. (4/280)

A likelihood-based method of identifying contaminated lots of blood product. (5/280)

Unsafe injections in the developing world and transmission of bloodborne pathogens: a review. (6/280)

Reported needlestick and sharp injuries among health care workers in a Greek general hospital. (7/280)

Prospective investigation of transfusion transmitted infection in recipients of over 20 000 units of blood. TTI Study Group. (8/280)

Plant Diseases

Host-Pathogen Interactions

Virulence

Bacterial Proteins

Molecular Sequence Data

Bacteria

Immunity, Innate

Virulence Factors

Bacterial Infections

Ascomycota

Phylogeny

Sequence Analysis, DNA

Disease Resistance

Oomycetes

DNA, Bacterial

Pseudomonas syringae

Phytophthora

Genome, Bacterial

Fungi

Gram-Negative Bacteria

Blood-Borne Pathogens

Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections

Viruses

Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial

Plant Immunity

Amino Acid Sequence

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Listeria monocytogenes

Microbial Sensitivity Tests

Salicylic Acid

Gram-Positive Bacteria

Plant Leaves

Antibiosis

Fusarium

Base Sequence

Communicable Diseases, Emerging

Bacterial Adhesion

Candida albicans

Microbial Viability

Staphylococcus aureus

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Host-Parasite Interactions

Virus Diseases

Genes, Bacterial

Colony Count, Microbial

Species Specificity

Mycoses

Botrytis

Respiratory Tract Infections

Gene Expression Regulation, Plant

Colletotrichum

Drug Resistance, Bacterial

Mutation

Escherichia coli

Anti-Infective Agents

Enterobacteriaceae Infections

Biofilms

Arabidopsis

Plant Proteins

Zoonoses

Fish Diseases

Lycopersicon esculentum

Macrophages

Salmonella

Porphyromonas gingivalis

Communicable Diseases

Food Microbiology

Verticillium

Plants

Feces

Signal Transduction

Mice, Inbred C57BL

Fungal Proteins

Oxylipins

Tick-Borne Diseases

Citrobacter rodentium

Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Diarrhea

Basidiomycota