Blastomeres. Medical search

Undifferentiated cells resulting from cleavage of a fertilized egg (ZYGOTE). Inside the intact ZONA PELLUCIDA, each cleavage yields two blastomeres of about half size of the parent cell. Up to the 8-cell stage, all of the blastomeres are totipotent. The 16-cell MORULA contains outer cells and inner cells.

The earliest developmental stage of a fertilized ovum (ZYGOTE) during which there are several mitotic divisions within the ZONA PELLUCIDA. Each cleavage or segmentation yields two BLASTOMERES of about half size of the parent cell. This cleavage stage generally covers the period up to 16-cell MORULA.

A subphylum of chordates intermediate between the invertebrates and the true vertebrates. It includes the Ascidians.

A post-MORULA preimplantation mammalian embryo that develops from a 32-cell stage into a fluid-filled hollow ball of over a hundred cells. A blastocyst has two distinctive tissues. The outer layer of trophoblasts gives rise to extra-embryonic tissues. The inner cell mass gives rise to the embryonic disc and eventual embryo proper.

Determination of the nature of a pathological condition or disease in the OVUM; ZYGOTE; or BLASTOCYST prior to implantation. CYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS is performed to determine the presence or absence of genetic disease.

Morphological and physiological development of EMBRYOS.

The developmental entity of a fertilized egg (ZYGOTE) in animal species other than MAMMALS. For chickens, use CHICK EMBRYO.

An early embryo that is a compact mass of about 16 BLASTOMERES. It resembles a cluster of mulberries with two types of cells, outer cells and inner cells. Morula is the stage before BLASTULA in non-mammalian animals or a BLASTOCYST in mammals.

The transfer of mammalian embryos from an in vivo or in vitro environment to a suitable host to improve pregnancy or gestational outcome in human or animal. In human fertility treatment programs, preimplantation embryos ranging from the 4-cell stage to the blastocyst stage are transferred to the uterine cavity between 3-5 days after FERTILIZATION IN VITRO.

The fertilized OVUM resulting from the fusion of a male and a female gamete.

The entity of a developing mammal (MAMMALS), generally from the cleavage of a ZYGOTE to the end of embryonic differentiation of basic structures. For the human embryo, this represents the first two months of intrauterine development preceding the stages of the FETUS.

The complex processes of initiating CELL DIFFERENTIATION in the embryo. The precise regulation by cell interactions leads to diversity of cell types and specific pattern of organization (EMBRYOGENESIS).

An assisted reproductive technique that includes the direct handling and manipulation of oocytes and sperm to achieve fertilization in vitro.

The developmental stage that follows BLASTULA or BLASTOCYST. It is characterized by the morphogenetic cell movements including invagination, ingression, and involution. Gastrulation begins with the formation of the PRIMITIVE STREAK, and ends with the formation of three GERM LAYERS, the body plan of the mature organism.

Morphological and physiological development of EMBRYOS or FETUSES.

The technique of maintaining or growing mammalian EMBRYOS in vitro. This method offers an opportunity to observe EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT; METABOLISM; and susceptibility to TERATOGENS.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.

Endometrial implantation of EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN at the BLASTOCYST stage.

A tough transparent membrane surrounding the OVUM. It is penetrated by the sperm during FERTILIZATION.

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

Female germ cells derived from OOGONIA and termed OOCYTES when they enter MEIOSIS. The primary oocytes begin meiosis but are arrested at the diplotene state until OVULATION at PUBERTY to give rise to haploid secondary oocytes or ova (OVUM).

Preservation of cells, tissues, organs, or embryos by freezing. In histological preparations, cryopreservation or cryofixation is used to maintain the existing form, structure, and chemical composition of all the constituent elements of the specimens.

Somewhat flattened, globular echinoderms, having thin, brittle shells of calcareous plates. They are useful models for studying FERTILIZATION and EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT.

An early non-mammalian embryo that follows the MORULA stage. A blastula resembles a hollow ball with the layer of cells surrounding a fluid-filled cavity (blastocele). The layer of cells is called BLASTODERM.

Embryonic and fetal development that takes place in an artificial environment in vitro.

A species of nematode that is widely used in biological, biochemical, and genetic studies.

The processes occurring in early development that direct morphogenesis. They specify the body plan ensuring that cells will proceed to differentiate, grow, and diversify in size and shape at the correct relative positions. Included are axial patterning, segmentation, compartment specification, limb position, organ boundary patterning, blood vessel patterning, etc.

The occurrence in an individual of two or more cell populations of different chromosomal constitutions, derived from a single ZYGOTE, as opposed to CHIMERISM in which the different cell populations are derived from more than one zygote.

The commonest and widest ranging species of the clawed "frog" (Xenopus) in Africa. This species is used extensively in research. There is now a significant population in California derived from escaped laboratory animals.

Methods of implanting a CELL NUCLEUS from a donor cell into an enucleated acceptor cell.

Proteins obtained from various species of Xenopus. Included here are proteins from the African clawed frog (XENOPUS LAEVIS). Many of these proteins have been the subject of scientific investigations in the area of MORPHOGENESIS and development.

A unisexual reproduction without the fusion of a male and a female gamete (FERTILIZATION). In parthenogenesis, an individual is formed from an unfertilized OVUM that did not complete MEIOSIS. Parthenogenesis occurs in nature and can be artificially induced.

The chromosomal constitution of cells which deviate from the normal by the addition or subtraction of CHROMOSOMES, chromosome pairs, or chromosome fragments. In a normally diploid cell (DIPLOIDY) the loss of a chromosome pair is termed nullisomy (symbol: 2N-2), the loss of a single chromosome is MONOSOMY (symbol: 2N-1), the addition of a chromosome pair is tetrasomy (symbol: 2N+2), the addition of a single chromosome is TRISOMY (symbol: 2N+1).

The developmental history of specific differentiated cell types as traced back to the original STEM CELLS in the embryo.

An aquatic genus of the family, Pipidae, occurring in Africa and distinguished by having black horny claws on three inner hind toes.

The cluster of cells inside a blastocyst. These cells give rise to the embryonic disc and eventual embryo proper. They are pluripotent EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS capable of yielding many but not all cell types in a developing organism.

The study of the development of an organism during the embryonic and fetal stages of life.

An order of fish with 26 families and over 3,000 species. This order includes the families CYPRINIDAE (minnows and CARPS), Cobitidae (loaches), and Catostomidae (suckers).

The middle germ layer of an embryo derived from three paired mesenchymal aggregates along the neural tube.

The outer of the three germ layers of an embryo.

The performance of dissections, injections, surgery, etc., by the use of micromanipulators (attachments to a microscope) that manipulate tiny instruments.

A mature haploid female germ cell extruded from the OVARY at OVULATION.

Single cells that have the potential to form an entire organism. They have the capacity to specialize into extraembryonic membranes and tissues, the embryo, and all postembryonic tissues and organs. (Stem Cells: A Primer [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institutes of Health (US); 2000 May [cited 2002 Apr 5]. Available from: http://www.nih.gov/news/stemcell/primer.htm)

Proteins from the nematode species CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS. The proteins from this species are the subject of scientific interest in the area of multicellular organism MORPHOGENESIS.

An individual that contains cell populations derived from different zygotes.

The inner of the three germ layers of an embryo.

An assisted fertilization technique consisting of the microinjection of a single viable sperm into an extracted ovum. It is used principally to overcome low sperm count, low sperm motility, inability of sperm to penetrate the egg, or other conditions related to male infertility (INFERTILITY, MALE).

A type of IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION in which target sequences are stained with fluorescent dye so their location and size can be determined using fluorescence microscopy. This staining is sufficiently distinct that the hybridization signal can be seen both in metaphase spreads and in interphase nuclei.

The formation of one or more genetically identical organisms derived by vegetative reproduction from a single cell. The source nuclear material can be embryo-derived, fetus-derived, or taken from an adult somatic cell.

The injection of very small amounts of fluid, often with the aid of a microscope and microsyringes.

Echinoderms having bodies of usually five radially disposed arms coalescing at the center.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

The development of anatomical structures to create the form of a single- or multi-cell organism. Morphogenesis provides form changes of a part, parts, or the whole organism.

11- to 14-membered macrocyclic lactones with a fused isoindolone. Members with INDOLES attached at the C10 position are called chaetoglobosins. They are produced by various fungi. Some members interact with ACTIN and inhibit CYTOKINESIS.

The division of a ZYGOTE into two parts, each of which is capable of further development.

Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

Damages to the EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN or the FETUS before BIRTH. Damages can be caused by any factors including biological, chemical, or physical.

A cartilaginous rod of mesodermal cells at the dorsal midline of all CHORDATE embryos. In lower vertebrates, notochord is the backbone of support. In the higher vertebrates, notochord is a transient structure, and segments of the vertebral column will develop around it. Notochord is also a source of midline signals that pattern surrounding tissues including the NEURAL TUBE development.

The only species of a cosmopolitan ascidian.

Proteins found in any species of helminth.

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

oko meduzy mutations affect neuronal patterning in the zebrafish retina and reveal cell-cell interactions of the retinal neuroepithelial sheet. (1/856)

Mutations of the oko meduzy (ome) locus cause drastic neuronal patterning defect in the zebrafish retina. The precise, stratified appearance of the wild-type retina is absent in the mutants. Despite the lack of lamination, at least seven retinal cell types differentiate in oko meduzy. The ome phenotype is already expressed in the retinal neuroepithelium affecting morphology of the neuroepithelial cells. Our experiments indicate that previously unknown cell-cell interactions are involved in development of the retinal neuroepithelial sheet. In genetically mosaic animals, cell-cell interactions are sufficient to rescue the phenotype of oko meduzy retinal neuroepithelial cells. These cell-cell interactions may play a critical role in the patterning events that lead to differentiation of distinct neuronal laminae in the vertebrate retina. (+info)

Detection of benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide-DNA adducts in embryos from smoking couples: evidence for transmission by spermatozoa. (2/856)

Tobacco smoking is deleterious to reproduction. Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is a potent carcinogen in cigarette smoke. Its reactive metabolite induces DNA-adducts, which can cause mutations. We investigated whether B[a]P diol epoxide (BPDE) DNA adducts are detectable in preimplantation embryos in relation to parental smoking. A total of 17 couples were classified by their smoking habits: (i) both partners smoke; (ii) wife non-smoker, husband smokes; and (iii) both partners were non-smokers. Their 27 embryos were exposed to an anti-BPDE monoclonal antibody that recognizes BPDE-DNA adducts. Immunostaining was assessed in each embryo and an intensity score was calculated for embryos in each smoking group. The proportion of blastomeres which stained was higher for embryos of smokers than for non-smokers (0.723 versus 0.310). The mean intensity score was also higher for embryos of smokers (1.40+/-0.28) than for non-smokers (0.38+/-0.14; P = 0.015), but was similar for both types of smoking couples. The mean intensity score was positively correlated with the number of cigarettes smoked by fathers (P = 0.02). Increased mean immunostaining in embryos from smokers, relative to non-smokers, indicates a relationship with parental smoking. The similar levels of immunostaining in embryos from both types of smoking couples suggest that transmission of modified DNA is mainly through spermatozoa. We confirmed paternal transmission of modified DNA by detection of DNA adducts in spermatozoa of a smoker father and his embryo. (+info)

Cross-coupling between voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels and ryanodine receptors in developing ascidian muscle blastomeres. (3/856)

1. Ascidian blastomeres of muscle lineage express voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs) despite isolation and cleavage arrest. Taking advantage of these large developing cells, developmental changes in functional relations between VDCC currents and intracellular Ca2+ stores were studied. 2. Inactivation of ascidian VDCCs is Ca2+ dependent, as demonstrated by two pieces of evidence: (1) a bell-shaped relationship between prepulse voltage and amplitude during the test pulse in Ca2+, but not in Ba2+, and (2) the decay kinetics of Ca2+ currents (ICa) obtained as the size of tail currents. 3. During replacement in the external solution of Ca2+ with Ba2+, the inward current appeared biphasic: it showed rapid decay followed by recovery and slow decay. This current profile was most evident in the mixed bath solution (2 % Ca2+ and 98 % Ba2+, abbreviated to '2Ca/98Ba'). 4. The biphasic profile of I2Ca/98Ba was significantly attenuated in caffeine and in ryanodine, indicating that Ca2+ release is involved in shaping the current kinetics of VDCCs. After washing out the caffeine, the biphasic pattern was reproducibly restored by depolarizing the membrane in calcium-rich solution, which is expected to refill the internal Ca2+ stores. 5. The inhibitors of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+-ATPase (SERCAs) cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) and thapsigargin facilitated elimination of the biphasic profile with repetitive depolarization. 6. At a stage earlier than 36 h after fertilization, the biphasic profile of I2Ca/98Ba was not observed. However, caffeine induced a remarkable decrease in the amplitude of I2Ca/98Ba and this suppression was blocked by microinjection of the Ca2+ chelator BAPTA, showing the presence of caffeine-sensitive Ca2+ stores at this stage. 7. Electron microscopic observation shows that sarcoplasmic membranes (SR) arrange closer to the sarcolemma with maturation, suggesting that the formation of the ultrastructural machinery underlies development of the cross-coupling between VDCCs and Ca2+ stores. (+info)

Preimplantation diagnosis by fluorescence in situ hybridization using 13-, 16-, 18-, 21-, 22-, X-, and Y-chromosome probes. (4/856)

PURPOSE: Our purpose was to select the proper chromosomes for preimplantation diagnosis based on aneuploidy distribution in abortuses and to carry out a feasibility study of preimplantation diagnosis for embryos using multiple-probe fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on the selected chromosomes of biopsied blastomeres. METHODS: After determining the frequency distribution of aneuploidy found in abortuses, seven chromosomes were selected for FISH probes. Blastomeres were obtained from 33 abnormal or excess embryos. The chromosome complements of both the biopsied blastomeres and the remaining sibling blastomeres in each embryo were determined by FISH and compared to evaluate their preimplantation diagnostic potential. RESULTS: Chromosomes (16, 22, X, Y) and (13, 18, 21) were selected on the basis of the high aneuploid prevalence in abortuses for the former group and the presence of trisomy in the newborn for the latter. Thirty-six (72%) of 50 blastomeres gave signals to permit a diagnosis. Diagnoses made from biopsied blastomeres were consistent with the diagnoses made from the remaining sibling blastomeres in 18 embryos. In only 2 of 20 cases did the biopsied blastomere diagnosis and the embryo diagnosis not match. CONCLUSIONS: If FISH of biopsied blastomere was successful, a preimplantation diagnosis could be made with 10% error. When a combination of chromosome-13, -16, -18, -21, -22, -X, and -Y probes was used, up to 65% of the embryos destined to be aborted could be detected. (+info)

Production of cloned calves following nuclear transfer with cultured adult mural granulosa cells. (5/856)

Adult somatic cell nuclear transfer was used to determine the totipotent potential of cultured mural granulosa cells, obtained from a Friesian dairy cow of high genetic merit. Nuclei were exposed to oocyte cytoplasm for prolonged periods by electrically fusing quiescent cultured cells to enucleated metaphase II cytoplasts 4-6 h before activation (fusion before activation [FBA] treatment). Additionally, some first-generation morulae were recloned by fusing blastomeres to S-phase cytoplasts. A significantly higher proportion of fused embryos developed in vitro to grade 1-2 blastocysts on Day 7 with FBA (27.5 +/- 2.5%) than with recloning (13.0 +/- 3.6%; p < 0. 05). After the transfer of 100 blastocysts from the FBA treatment, survival rates on Days 60, 100, 180, and term were 45%, 21%, 17%, and 10%, respectively. Ten heifer calves were delivered by elective cesarean section; all have survived. After the transfer of 16 recloned blastocysts, embryo survival on Day 60 was 38%; however, no fetuses survived to Day 100. DNA analyses confirmed that the calves are all genetically identical to the donor cow. It is suggested that the losses throughout gestation may in part be due to placental dysfunction at specific stages. The next advance in this technology will be to introduce specific genetic modifications of biomedical or agricultural interest. (+info)

Morphologic evaluation and actin filament distribution in porcine embryos produced in vitro and in vivo. (6/856)

Porcine embryos produced in vitro have a small number of cells and low viability. The present study was conducted to examine the morphological characteristics and the relationship between actin filament organization and morphology of porcine embryos produced in vitro and in vivo. In vitro-derived embryos were produced by in vitro maturation, in vitro fertilization (IVF), and in vitro development. In vivo-derived embryos were collected from inseminated gilts on Days 2-6 after estrus. In experiment 1, in vitro-derived embryos (+info)

Rapid visualization of metaphase chromosomes in single human blastomeres after fusion with in-vitro matured bovine eggs. (7/856)

The present study was aimed to facilitate karyotyping of human blastomeres using the metaphase-inducing factors present in unfertilized eggs. A rapid technique for karyotyping would have wide application in the field of preimplantation genetic diagnosis. When cryopreserved in-vitro matured bovine oocytes were fused with human blastomeres, the transferred human nuclei were forced into metaphase within a few hours. Eighty-seven human blastomeres from abnormal or arrested embryos were fused with bovine oocytes in a preclinical study. Fusion efficiency was 100%. In 21 of the hybrid cells, no trace of human chromatin was found. Of the remaining 66, 64 (97%) yielded chromosomes suitable for analysis. The method was used to karyotype embryos from two patients with maternal translocations. One embryo which was judged to be karyotypically normal was replaced in the first patient, resulting in one pregnancy with a normal fetus. None of the second patient's embryos was diagnosed as normal, and hence none was transferred. The results of the present study demonstrated that the ooplasmic factors which induce and maintain metaphase in bovine oocytes can force transferred human blastomere nuclei into premature metaphase, providing the basis for a rapid method of karyotyping blastomeres from preimplantation embryos and, by implication, cells from other sources. (+info)

Impact of blastomere biopsy and cryopreservation techniques on human embryo viability. (8/856)

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of cryopreservation on 55 embryos which had one blastomere biopsied for preimplantation genetic diagnosis of aneuploidy before freezing. The thawing outcome was compared to that obtained in 94 embryos which derived from our conventional freezing programme in patients with comparable characteristics who were treated in the same period. Their embryos were morphologically similar but the incidence of aneuploidy was 100% in the biopsy group and unknown in the controls. The percentage of embryos which survived intact after thawing was significantly lower in the biopsied group compared to the controls (9 versus 25% respectively; P < 0.025), whereas the rate of lysis was superior among biopsied embryos (34 versus 13% in the controls; P < 0.001). Similarly, the survival index was higher in the frozen-intact embryos than in the embryos which were frozen after biopsy (61 versus 38%; P < 0.001). No empty zonae resulted in the control group, while six were found after thawing biopsied embryos. In the second part of the study, blastomere biopsy was implemented on 102 thawed embryos generated by 16 patients. The chromosomal analyses revealed that 49 were normal, leading to the transfer of 2.5 +/- 0.8 embryos per patient. Only three clinical pregnancies were obtained, and are presently ongoing. In conclusion, the present findings discourage the use of conventional cryopreservation protocols in strategies involving preimplantation genetic diagnosis in human reproductive medicine. Adequate protocols are required for freezing and thawing embryos which have been subjected to biopsy procedures. (+info)

He investigated frog blastomeres. 1914-1939: McClendon worked at Physiological Laboratory of the University of Minnesota ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_Francis_McClendon

For example, subsets of blastomeres can be used to give rise to chimera with specified cell lineage from one embryo. The Inner ... Rossant, J. (1976). "Postimplantation development of blastomeres isolated from 4- and 8-cell mouse eggs". J. Embryol. Exp. ... Kubiak, J; Tarkowski, A. (1985). "Electrofusion of mouse blastomeres. Exp". Cell Res. 157 (2): 561-566. doi:10.1016/0014-4827( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimera_(genetics)

Kimmel CB, Law RD (March 1985). "Cell lineage of zebrafish blastomeres. III. Clonal analyses of the blastula and gastrula ... Kimmel CB, Law RD (March 1985). "Cell lineage of zebrafish blastomeres. I. Cleavage pattern and cytoplasmic bridges between ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zebrafish

... then the four vegetal pole blastomeres divide to make a level of four large blastomeres (macromeres) and four very small ... which divide transversally as well as equally to make eight blastomeres. The four vegetal blastomeres divide equatorially but ... The animal mesomeres of P. flava go on to give rise to the larva's ectoderm, animal blastomeres also appear to give rise to ... The third cleavage is equal and equatorial so that the embryo has four blastomeres both in the vegetal and the animal pole. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemichordate

On the existence of cell communications between blastomeres. Proc. Roy. Soc. B, 77, 498. ------ Studies on the development of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cresswell_Shearer

2001) Mouse singletons and twins developed from isolated diploid blastomeres supported with tetraploid blastomeres. Int. J. Dev ... 2010) Individual blastomeres of 16- and 32- cell mouse embryos are able to develop into foetuses and mice. Dev. Biol. 348, 190- ... In 1959 Tarkowski showed that a single blastomere isolated from a 2-cell stage mouse embryo is fully able to develop and the ... Tarkowski, A.K. and Wroblewska, J. (1967) Development of blastomeres of mouse eggs isolated at the 4- and 8-cell stage. J. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrzej_Tarkowski

Meshcheryakov, V. N.; Beloussov, L. V. (1975). "Asymmetrical rotations of blastomeres in early cleavage of gastropoda". Wilhelm ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left-right_asymmetry_(biology)

Each of the blastomeres that form are also spherical. On approximately day 3, at the eight-cell stage, compaction usually ... And the fate of the blastomeres is not yet determined. The two-cell embryo is spherical and surrounded by the transparent zona ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnegie_stages

Klimanskaya I, Chung Y, Becker S, Lu SJ, Lanza R (2006). "Human embryonic stem cell lines derived from single blastomeres". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embryonic_stem_cell

... in which a single blastomere is extracted from a blastocyst. At the 2007 meeting of the International Society for Stem Cell ... "Human embryonic stem cell lines derived from single blastomeres". Nature. 444 (7118): 481-485. Bibcode:2006Natur.444..481K. doi ... "Human embryonic stem cell lines derived from single blastomeres". Nature. 444 (7118): 481-485. Bibcode:2006Natur.444..481K. doi ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stem_cell_controversy

Piotrowska-Nitsche K, Perea-Gomez A, Haraguchi S, Zernicka-Goetz M (February 2005). "Four-cell stage mouse blastomeres have ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdalena_Zernicka-Goetz

The absence of Oct-3/4 in Oct-3/4+ cells, such as blastomeres and embryonic stem cells, leads to spontaneous trophoblast ... "Human embryonic stem cell lines derived from single blastomeres". Nature. 444 (7118): 481-5. Bibcode:2006Natur.444..481K. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induced_pluripotent_stem_cell

... and finally heals the membrane after separation of blastomeres. The fate of the first cells, called blastomeres, is determined ... This contrasts with the situation in some other animals, such as mammals, in which each blastomere can develop into any part of ... Finally, the third set of blastomeres are the deep cells. These deep cells are located between the enveloping layer and the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_development

Nature (2006). "Access : Human embryonic stem cell lines derived from single blastomeres". Nature. 444 (7118): 481-485. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Lanza

Blastomeres isolated from the ICM of mammalian embryos and grown in culture are known as embryonic stem (ES) cells. These ... Blastomeres are dissociated from an isolated ICM in an early blastocyst, and their transcriptional code governed by Oct4, Sox2 ... Initial polarization of blastomeres occurs at the 8-16 cell stage. An apical-basolateral polarity is visible through the ... Blastomeres of the mouse embryo lose totipotency after the fifth cleavage division: Expression of Cdx2 and Oct4 and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inner_cell_mass

An embryo counting 16 to 64 blastomeres is called a morula. From the stage of having 128 cells, the embryo develops a cavity, ... When the embryo is composed of over 10.000 blastomeres (R.pipiens - after 25 or 26 hours), the next stage of embryonic ... This results in the creation of four identical blastomeres- separate cells now forming the embryo. The third cleavage runs ... equatorially and closer to the animal pole, thus creating blastomeres of unequal size (micromeres in the animal region and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_stages_of_embryogenesis_of_tailless_amphibians

When eight blastomeres have formed they begin to develop gap junctions, enabling them to develop in an integrated way and co- ... The blastomeres in the blastocyst are arranged into an outer layer called the trophoblast. The trophoblast then differentiates ... Initially the dividing cells, called blastomeres (blastos Greek for sprout), are undifferentiated and aggregated into a sphere ... With further compaction the individual outer blastomeres, the trophoblasts, become indistinguishable. They are still enclosed ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_embryonic_development

This may also happen by the fusion of the first two blastomeres. Other species restore their ploidy by the fusion of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automixis

Most of the blastomeres in this stage become polarized and develop tight junctions with the other blastomeres. This process ... In Holoblastic cleavage, the zygote and blastomeres are completely divided during the cleavage, so the number of blastomeres ... when contact with the micromeres dictates one cell to become the future D blastomere. Once specified, the D blastomere signals ... Each blastomere produced by early embryonic cleavage does not have the capacity to develop into a complete embryo. A cell can ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleavage_(embryo)

Once in the parent, the larva blastomeres will migrate into the blastocoel. In order for this calcareous sponge species to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clathrina_coriacea

In Xenopus, blastomeres behave as pluripotent stem cells which can migrate down several pathways, depending on cell signaling. ... A common feature of a vertebrate blastula is that it consists of a layer of blastomeres, known as the blastoderm, which ... Amphibian EP-cadherin and XB/U cadherin perform a similar role as E-cadherin in mammals establishing blastomere polarity and ... The blastula (from Greek βλαστός (blastos meaning sprout) is a hollow sphere of cells (blastomeres) surrounding an inner fluid- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blastulation

This first division produces two distinctly different blastomeres, termed AB and P1. When the sperm cell fertilizes the egg ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymmetric_cell_division

Embryos are generally obtained through blastomere or blastocyst biopsy. The latter technique has proved to be less deleterious ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assisted_reproductive_technology

Blastomere biopsy is a technique in which blastomeres are removed from the zona pellucida. It is commonly used to detect ... Yu, Y; Zhao, Y; Li, R; Li, L; Zhao, H; Li, M; Sha, J; Zhou, Q; Qiao, J (Dec 6, 2013). "Assessment of the risk of blastomere ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nondisjunction

Formation of syncytia by fusion of blastomeres". Integrative and Comparative Biology. 46 (2): 104-17. doi:10.1093/icb/icj016. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sponge

The different cells derived from cleavage, up to the blastula stage, are called blastomeres. Depending mostly on the amount of ... From here the spatial arrangement of blastomeres can follow various patterns, due to different planes of cleavage, in various ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embryonic_development

After four divisions, the conceptus consists of 16 blastomeres, and it is known as the morula. Through the processes of ... Blastomere Encyclopædia Britannica Archived 2013-09-28 at the Wayback Machine. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia ... a fusion of the pronuclei and immediate mitotic division produce two 2n diploid daughter cells called blastomeres. Between the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygote

The action of the determinants on the blastomeres is one of the most important ones. During the segmentation, cytoplasmic ... That is not possible after the cytoplasmic determinants have been distributed in the differentiated blastomeres. During the ... determinants are distributed among the blastomeres, at different times depending on the species and on the type of determinant ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytoplasmic_determinant

Zhurov V, Terzin T, Grbić M (December 2004). "Early blastomere determines embryo proliferation and caste fate in a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasa_gene

Zhang, X.; Pratt, B. (1994), "Middle Cambrian arthropod embryos with blastomeres", Science, 266 (5185): 637-9, Bibcode:1994Sci ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trilobite

Blastomere size is typically considered uneven when one blastomere has a diameter over 25% larger than that of the other being ... The blastomere is considered totipotent. That is, blastomeres are capable of developing from a single cell into a fully fertile ... The other blastomeres that differentiate, then, will become apolar. Polar blastomere cells that differentiate will move to an ... In biology, a blastomere is a type of cell produced by cleavage (cell division) of the zygote after fertilization and is an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blastomere

... produced during cleavage are called blastomeres. The divisions are mitotic-i.e., each chromosome in the nucleus splits into two ... daughter chromosomes, so that the two daughter blastomeres retain the diploid number of chromosomes. During cleavage, almost no ... Other articles where Blastomere is discussed: animal development: Cleavage: … ... that produce separate cells called blastomeres. Each blastomere inherits a certain region of the original egg cytoplasm, which ...

https://www.britannica.com/science/blastomere

To investigate the contribution of discordance among blastomeres from the same embryo in the interpretation of blastomeres ... To investigate the contribution of discordance among blastomeres from the same embryo in the interpretation of blastomeres ... Among the 102 embryos, 12 (12%) were disomy in both blastomeres and 37 (36%) were disomic in all 8 chromosomes in one of the ... FISH analysis for chromosomes 13, 16, 18, 21, 22, X and Y in all blastomeres of IVF pre-embryos from 144 randomly selected ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10815-006-9073-x

... we compared the fates of radial 8-cell blastomeres to those of stereotypic 8-cell blastomeres. Radial blastomeres have fates ... A detailed fate map of all the progeny derived from each of the blastomeres of the 4- and 8-cell stage South African clawed ... Each "identified" blastomere that results from stereotypic cleavages has a characteristic set of progeny that distinguishes it ... The 4-cell ventral (V) blastomere is the major progenitor of the trunk and fin epidermis, ventral somite, nephrotome, lateral ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2252221?dopt=Abstract

... Nature. 2006 Nov 23;444(7118):481-5. doi: 10.1038/nature05142. ... Here we report a series of ten separate experiments demonstrating that hES cells can be derived from single blastomeres. In ... By growing the single blastomere overnight, the resulting cells could be used for both genetic testing and stem cell derivation ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16929302/

... blastomeres explanation free. What is blastomeres? Meaning of blastomeres medical term. What does blastomeres mean? ... Looking for online definition of blastomeres in the Medical Dictionary? ... Related to blastomeres: blastocyst, blastocoel, blastulation, morula, holoblastic, embryoblast, trophectoderm. blastomeres. The ... Blastomeres , definition of blastomeres by Medical dictionary https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/blastomeres ...

https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/blastomeres

Verdonk, N.H.: The relation of the two blastomeres to the polar lobe inDentalium. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol.20, 101-105 (1968b) ... Verdonk, N.H., Cather, J.N.: The development of isolated blastomeres inBithynia tentaculata (Prosobranchia, Gastropoda). J. Exp ... Development ofDentalium following removal of D-quadrant blastomeres at successive cleavage stages. ... Regulative development in the pulmonate gastropodLymnaea palustris as determined by blastomere deletion experiments. J. Exp. ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00848469

The fertilised mammalian egg gives rise to seemingly equivalent blastomeres until the fourth cleavage division, when the first ... At this point, certain blastomeres divide symmetrically and others asymmetrically. When do these apparently identical cells ... Enkui Duan and colleagues performed single-cell transcriptional analysis of human and mouse blastomeres (p. 3468). By studying ... before morphological differences between blastomeres are detectable. ...

http://dev.biologists.org/content/142/20/e2002

In pattern X, all Rohon-Beard neurons originated from three blastomeres (V1.1, V1.2, and V2.2) on each side; in pattern Y, all ... Counts of Rohon-Beard neurons at larval stages 32 to 34 showed that 96 to 100% (mean 99%) originated from blastomeres on the ... Rohon-Beard neuron origin from blastomeres of the 16-cell frog embryo. M Jacobson ... Rohon-Beard neuron origin from blastomeres of the 16-cell frog embryo ...

https://www.jneurosci.org/content/1/8/918

Single animal pole blastomeres were labeled with a lineage marker and transplanted into the blastocoels of host embryos of ... The experiments described in this paper were designed to compare the normal fates of animal pole blastomeres of Xenopus laevis ... Changes in states of commitment of single animal pole blastomeres of Xenopus laevis Dev Biol. 1987 Feb;119(2):503-10. doi: ... Single animal pole blastomeres were labeled with a lineage marker and transplanted into the blastocoels of host embryos of ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3803715/?dopt=Abstract

Research Topics about Experts and Doctors on blastomeres in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States ... Han Z, Mtango N, Zhong Z, Vassena R, Latham K. Early transcription from the maternal genome controlling blastomere integrity in ... Hawes S, Gie Chung Y, Latham K. Genetic and epigenetic factors affecting blastomere fragmentation in two-cell stage mouse ... Han Z, Chung Y, Gao S, Latham K. Maternal factors controlling blastomere fragmentation in early mouse embryos. Biol Reprod. ...

http://www.labome.org/locale/united/pennsylvania/experts-and-doctors-on-blastomeres-in-philadelphia--pennsylvania--united-states-579844.html

B) The embryo is held in the left-hand pipette by a m-blastomere while the e2 blastomere is withdrawn into the pipette on the ... C,D) The procedure is repeated to remove an e1 blastomere into the right-hand pipette. (E,F) One of the m blastomeres, which is ... Making chimaeras from specific four-cell stage blastomeres. One blastomere was labelled at the late two-cell stage by ... This was most dramatic in chimaeras comprising e2 blastomeres taken from the later dividing two-cell blastomeres of ME embryos ...

http://dev.biologists.org/content/132/3/479

... involves the removal of one or two blastomeres when the embryo reaches the eight-cell stage, typically at the third day of ... Blastomere biopsy, the most common method of embryo biopsy, ... Blastomere biopsy involves the removal of one or two ... blastomeres when the embryo reaches the eight-cell stage, typically at the third day of development. This method was used ...

https://www.hamiltonthorne.com/index.php/applications/clinical-laser-applications/clinical-embryo-biopsy/blastomere-biopsy

... cell lines from single blastomeres (BTMs) of early mouse and human embryos has created significant interest in this source of ... Blastomeres / cytology*. Cell Count. Cell Culture Techniques. Cell Differentiation. Cells, Cultured. Cleavage Stage, Ovum. ... The recently developed technique of establishing embryonic stem (ES) cell lines from single blastomeres (BTMs) of early mouse ...

http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Development-single-mouse-blastomeres-into/18502895.html

Definition: Blastomere which lies lateral to blastomere D1.1.2, posterior to its sister cell, blastomere D1.2.1, in the second ... blastomere D1.2 NF stage 5 (16-cell) to NF stage 5 (16-cell) ... Parent(s): dorsal animal hemisphere blastomere (is_a) ... tier of blastomeres. It contributes to a variety of tissues and organs including fin, epidermis, cement gland, olfactory ...

http://www.xenbase.org/anatomy/showanatomy.do?method=displayAnatomySummary&anatomyId=3881

Comparison of Epigenetic Mediator Expression and Function in Mouse and Human Embryonic Blastomeres.. Comparison of Epigenetic ... differential histone modification expression was detected between blastomeres earlier in human embryos at the 4- to 8-cell ... differential histone modification expression was detected between blastomeres earlier in human embryos at the 4- to 8-cell ... while mouse embryos first exhibited sub-compartmentalization of different histone modifications between blastomeres at the ...

https://www.cirm.ca.gov/node/34187/

Single-cell mass spectrometry with multi-solvent extraction identifies metabolic differences between left and right blastomeres ... Single-cell mass spectrometry with multi-solvent extraction identifies metabolic differences between left and right blastomeres ...

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/AN/2016/C6AN00200E

Blastomeres are the cells formed by divisions of the fertilized egg. Here fractured sections of blastomeres can be seen. The ... Coloured scanning electron micrograph of the cell structure of blastomeres in the 4-cell embryo. ... Blastomeres are the cells formed by divisions of the fertilized egg. Here fractured sections of blastomeres can be seen. The ... Caption: Blastomere cell structure. Coloured scanning electron micrograph of the cell structure of blastomeres in the 4-cell ...

http://www.sciencephoto.com/media/214704/view

In blastomeres dissociated from less well-studied two-cell embryos, we observe no significant GADD45a protein expression ... Assessing heterogeneity among single embryos and single blastomeres using open microfluidic design ... Assessing heterogeneity among single embryos and single blastomeres using open microfluidic design ... Assessing heterogeneity among single embryos and single blastomeres using open microfluidic design ...

https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/6/17/eaay1751.abstract

Here we report a series of ten separate experiments demonstrating that hES cells can be derived from single blastomeres. In ... By growing the single blastomere overnight, the resulting cells could be used for both genetic testing and stem cell derivation ... Embryonic and extraembryonic stem cell lines derived from single mouse blastomeres. *Y. Chung, I. Klimanskaya, +5 authors R. ... Four-cell stage mouse blastomeres have different developmental properties. *K. Piotrowska-Nitsche, A. Perea-Gomez, S. Haraguchi ...

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Human-embryonic-stem-cell-lines-derived-from-single-Klimanskaya-Chung/13202886ae86eca70a87139cc94823f9d5cfdd39

Cryopreservation of blastocysts, especially those subjected to the trauma due to blastomere biopsy for the purposes of pre- ... Vitrification of human embryos subjected to blastomere biopsy for pre-implantation genetic screening produces higher survival ... of two different cryopreservation techniques on the development of human pre-implantation embryos that underwent blastomere ...

https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/papers/19967555

... Creator. Chung, Young ...

https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/974972

... By Levi Clancy for Student Reader on Monday 29th August, 2011. updated 16th September, 2017. ...

https://studentreader.com/LZZC3/blastomere-in-situ-hybridization/

blastomere. July 12, 2011 at 4:45 pm Hide Replies 36 "all your available income" is very very far away from "nearly infinite." ... blastomere. July 12, 2011 at 5:29 pm Hide Replies 44 WTP (willngness-to-pay, for those not up on their worthless academic ...

https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2011/07/consumer-surplus-from-the-internet-revisited.html

Rhesus monkey embryos produced by nuclear transfer from embryonic blastomeres or somatic cells. / Mitalipov, Shoukhrat M.; ... Rhesus monkey embryos produced by nuclear transfer from embryonic blastomeres or somatic cells. Biology of reproduction. 2002; ... Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of Rhesus monkey embryos produced by nuclear transfer from embryonic blastomeres or ... title = "Rhesus monkey embryos produced by nuclear transfer from embryonic blastomeres or somatic cells", ...

https://ohsu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/rhesus-monkey-embryos-produced-by-nuclear-transfer-from-embryonic-2

NeEman, Z. ; Spira, M. E. ; Bennett, M. V.L. / Formation of gap and tight junctions between reaggregated blastomeres of the ... NeEman, Z., Spira, M. E., & Bennett, M. V. L. (1980). Formation of gap and tight junctions between reaggregated blastomeres of ... N2 - Blastomeres from eggs of the killifish, Fundulus, were mechanically dissociated and reaggregated by pelleting in a simple ... AB - Blastomeres from eggs of the killifish, Fundulus, were mechanically dissociated and reaggregated by pelleting in a simple ...

https://einstein.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/formation-of-gap-and-tight-junctions-between-reaggregated-blastom-2

Blastomere refers to a cell that is created by the early stages of division of a fertilized egg. During in vitro fertilization ... Blastomere Definition - What does Blastomere mean? Blastomere refers to a cell that is created by the early stages of division ... Blastomeres are also used for the blastomere biopsy, also known as an embryo biopsy. This procedure is performed as part of ... FertilitySmarts explains Blastomere. Blastomeres are created in the first stage of embryonic development, when the fertilized ...

https://www.fertilitysmarts.com/definition/252/blastomere-fertility

blastomere. /blas·to·mere/ (blas´to-mēr) one of the cells produced by cleavage of a zygote.. blastomere. (blăs′tə-mîr′). n.. ... blastomere. (redirected from blastomeric). Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Encyclopedia. blastomere. [blas´to-mēr] one of ... blastomere. any cell that occurs in the BLASTULA.. blastomere. one of the cells produced by cleavage of a fertilized ovum. ... blastomere. A cell produced by division (cleavage) in a fertilised egg.. blas·to·mere (blastō-mēr) One of the cells resulting ...

https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/blastomeric

The WGA products of the 10 blastomeres and the gDNA of the couple and villus were used to construct libraries with 200 bp ... In vitro Fertilization and Blastomere Biopsy. This study was approved by the Medical Institutional Review Board of the ... DNA extracted from the blastomeres formed from each of the six embryos were amplified using WGA. Barring one embryo from a ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2020.550507/full

He investigated frog blastomeres. 1914-1939: McClendon worked at Physiological Laboratory of the University of Minnesota ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_Francis_McClendon

Blastomere biopsy involves the removal of one or two blastomeres when the embryo reaches the eight-cell stage, typically at the third day of development. (hamiltonthorne.com)
Vitrification of human embryos subjected to blastomere biopsy for pre-implantation genetic screening produces higher survival and pregnancy rates than slow freezing. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Cryopreservation of blastocysts, especially those subjected to the trauma due to blastomere biopsy for the purposes of pre-implantation genetic screening (PGS), requires significant optimization. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Laboratory and clinical outcomes were compared to determine the effect of two different cryopreservation techniques on the development of human pre-implantation embryos that underwent blastomere biopsy and blastocoel drainage prior to cryopreservation. (sigmaaldrich.com)
During in vitro fertilization (IVF), blastomeres are used for a series of important procedures, including embryo grading and blastomere biopsy. (fertilitysmarts.com)
Blastomeres are also used for the blastomere biopsy, also known as an embryo biopsy. (fertilitysmarts.com)
The blastomere biopsy can indicate if chromosome abnormalities or genetic defects are present in the developing embryo. (fertilitysmarts.com)
Objective: To analyze whether blastomere biopsy affects early embryonal growth as observed through time-lapse cinematography. (elsevier.com)
Thus, future developments in preimplantation genetic diagnosis and screening should involve further consideration and caution in light of the influence of blastomere biopsy on embryonal growth. (elsevier.com)
PGD can be performed by micromanipulation and biopsy of the first polar body before fertilization, or by blastomere biopsy before implantation of the pre-embryo. (biomedsearch.com)
In IVF cases, following embryo biopsy, a single blastomere is fixed on the slide and is subjected to the FISH procedure for study of aneuploidies. (ivfclinicindia.com)

The division of blastomeres from the zygote allows a single fertile cell to continue to cleave and differentiate until a blastocyst forms. (wikipedia.org)
Polar blastomere cells that differentiate will move to an outer position in the developing blastocyst and show precursors for the trophectoderm, while the apolar cells will move to an inner position and begin developing into the embryo. (wikipedia.org)
This has enabled us to identify a major group of embryos in which we can predict not only the spatial origin of each given four-cell blastomeres, but also which region of the blastocyst is most likely to be occupied by its progeny. (biologists.org)
Moreover, the frequency of contraction and expansion movements after blastocyst formation was significantly higher in the blastomere removal group as compared with the control group. (elsevier.com)

blastomeres resulting from a number of cleavages of a zygote, or fertilized egg. (britannica.com)
In biology, a blastomere is a type of cell produced by cleavage (cell division) of the zygote after fertilization and is an essential part of blastula formation. (wikipedia.org)
The two-cell blastomere state, present after the zygote first divides, is considered the earliest mitotic product of the fertilized oocyte. (wikipedia.org)
When the zygote contains 16 to 32 blastomeres it is referred to as a "morula. (wikipedia.org)
Prosessen starter med at en sædcelle smelter sammen med en eggcelle og danner en zygote . (wikipedia.org)
First the zygote divides into two blastomores, which then divide into four blastomores, either blastomeres, and so on. (princeton.edu)

We show that on transplantation to the blastocoels of late blastula host embryos these blastomeres are pluripotent, contributing to all three germ layers. (nih.gov)
however, in earlier hosts, when the vegetal hemisphere cells have "mesoderm inducing" or "vegetalizing" activity, late blastula animal pole blastomeres contribute to mesoderm and endoderm rather than ectoderm. (nih.gov)
deling (128 celler), vil det dannes et væskefylt hulrom i midten og fosteret går over til å være en hul ball av celler, en blastula . (wikipedia.org)

The developmental defects of chimaeras made from the most vegetal blastomeres that result from later second cleavages are the most severe and following transplantation into foster mothers they fail to develop to term. (biologists.org)
The fourth cleavage in sea urchin embryos is unequal and represents an initial step in cell differentiation: vegetal blastomeres divide to produce micromeres, which are precursors of the skeletogenic mesenchyme, and macromeres. (elsevier.com)
The behavior of micromere centrosomes suggests that a unique spindle pole event, involving interactions of the microtubular cytoskeleton, centrosome and cell cortex, occurs during the process of unequal cleavage of vegetal blastomeres. (elsevier.com)

To determine whether this segregation is related to the position of the blastomere or to its geneological lineage, we compared the fates of radial 8-cell blastomeres to those of stereotypic 8-cell blastomeres. (nih.gov)
Radial blastomeres have fates nearly equivalent to the sum of the two 16-cell blastomeres that occupy the same position in the embryo, demonstrating that fate depends upon blastomere position rather than lineage. (nih.gov)
The Ciona embryo was historically regarded as a mosaic embryo, (26,27) in which different blastomeres that inherit different localized maternal materials assume different developmental fates. (thefreedictionary.com)
The experiments described in this paper were designed to compare the normal fates of animal pole blastomeres of Xenopus laevis with their state of commitment. (nih.gov)
Since in a major group of embryos (ME embryos) the progeny of individual four-cell blastomeres tends to follow different fates, the question arises as to whether they are equivalent to each other. (biologists.org)
Although misplaced cell divisions can alter blastomere fates and cause embryonic defects, cleavage patterns have been modified several times during animal evolution. (biomedcentral.com)
However, it remains unclear how evolutionary changes in cleavage impact the specification of blastomere fates. (biomedcentral.com)
We found that the molecular identity and the fates of early bryozoan blastomeres are similar to the putative homologous blastomeres in spiral-cleaving embryos. (biomedcentral.com)
Confocal laser scanning microscopy at single-cell resolution was used to characterize blastomere fates during larval stages. (biomedcentral.com)
Our results corroborate previous observations from classic studies, and show a number of similarities with other spiralian fate maps, including unique and stereotypic fates for individual blastomeres, presence of four discrete body domains arising from the A, B, C and D cell quadrants, generation of anterior ectoderm from first quartet micromeres, and contributions to trunk ectoderm and ventral nerve cord by the 2d somatoblast. (biomedcentral.com)
My project will examine how the fates of individual blastomeres are determined in a species of sand dollar from the coast of Maine. (bowdoin.edu)

divisions produce separate cells called blastomeres. (britannica.com)
The first few cleavages occur simultaneously in all of the blastomeres (cells), but, as the number of cells increases, simultaneity is lost, and the blastomeres divide independently. (britannica.com)
These smaller cells, called blastomeres, are suitable as early building units for the future organism. (britannica.com)
These mitotic divisions continue and result in a grouping of cells called blastomeres. (wikipedia.org)
Once this begins, microtubules within the morula's cytosolic material in the blastomere cells can develop into important membrane functions, such as sodium pumps. (wikipedia.org)
Relative blastomere size within the embryo is dependent not only on the stage of the cleavage, but also on the regularity of the cleavage amongst the cells. (wikipedia.org)
If the number of blastomeres in the cellular mass is even, then the sizes of the cells should be congruent. (wikipedia.org)
However, if the number of blastomeres in the cellular mass is not even, then the division should be asynchronous such that the sizes of the cells best support the mass's specific stage of differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
There are two main models for differentiation that determine which blastomere cells will divide into either the inner cell mass or the trophectoderm. (wikipedia.org)
This means that, under this model, blastomere cells do not differentiate based on cellular differences, but rather they do so because of mechanical and chemical stimuli based on where they are positioned at that time. (wikipedia.org)
By growing the single blastomere overnight, the resulting cells could be used for both genetic testing and stem cell derivation without affecting the clinical outcome of the procedure. (nih.gov)
Here we report a series of ten separate experiments demonstrating that hES cells can be derived from single blastomeres. (nih.gov)
separated cells or blastomeres from seventeen two- to eight-celled preembryos and showed that, to a limited extent, they would divide and grow in culture. (thefreedictionary.com)
Development of single mouse blastomeres into blastocysts, outgrowths and the establishment of embryonic stem cells. (biomedsearch.com)
The recently developed technique of establishing embryonic stem (ES) cell lines from single blastomeres (BTMs) of early mouse and human embryos has created significant interest in this source of ES cells. (biomedsearch.com)
Blastomeres are the cells formed by divisions of the fertilized egg. (sciencephoto.com)
Wolf, Don P. / Rhesus monkey embryos produced by nuclear transfer from embryonic blastomeres or somatic cells . (elsevier.com)
These divisions are called cleavage divisions, and the cells created by each cleavage stage are called blastomeres. (fertilitysmarts.com)
The aim of this study was to investigate whether embryonic stem (ES) cells can be established from isolated blastomeres of mouse embryos . (bvsalud.org)
Isolated blastomeres or whole 4- cell embryos were co-cultured with mitosis -arrested STO feeder cells in DMEM supplemented with recombinant murine leukemia inhibitory factor and ES-qualified fetal bovine serum . (bvsalud.org)
Both cell lines from isolated blastomere and whole embryo expressed mouse ES cells specific markers such as SSEA-1 , Oct-4 and alkaline phosphatase . (bvsalud.org)
This study suggests that mouse ES cells could be established from isolated blastomeres , although the efficiency is lower than whole embryos . (bvsalud.org)
This animal model could be applied to establishment of autologous human ES cells from biopsied blastomeres of preimplantation embryos in human IVF-ET program. (bvsalud.org)
The presumptive fossil cleavage embryos described to date are large in size (≈500 μm) and exhibit a covering that resembles a fertilization envelope and closely packed equal-sized cells resembling a pattern of cell division in which blastomere size decreases with increasing cell number, typical of cell division without cell growth in early embryos. (pnas.org)
It is performed on a two-day old embryo, following the division of the fertilized egg into eight blastomeres, or cells. (explorestemcells.co.uk)
It was found that embryonic stem cells could be extracted from blastomeres, which thus avoids the destruction of the embryo. (explorestemcells.co.uk)
The cell could be triggered to divide and the resulting stem cells could still be used for research and disease treatment.Further strengthening the research for this technique is the fact that in fertility clinics, the blastomere is already often removed for diagnostic tests to detect genetic abnormalities. (explorestemcells.co.uk)
Neither ANT nor blastomere extraction are perfect techniques but they do appease many of the ethical concerns surrounding stem cells and can pave the way for new techniques that may one day treat a disease that afflicts you or a loved one. (explorestemcells.co.uk)
It is generally best if the size of the individual cells (the blastomeres) are similar in size. (drmalpani.com)
It is generally best if the size of the individual cells (referred to as blastomeres) in the embryos are similar in size. (drmalpani.com)
The embryonic cells - blastomeres - become smaller with each cleavage division. (princeton.edu)
We carefully remove some blastomeres (embryonic cells) on day 5 of embryo development to test. (monashivf.com)
Instead of removing individual blastomeres, several trophectoderm cells are removed. (hamiltonthorne.com)
In particular, I will use blastomere separations to isolate individual cells at various stages of development and determine their capacity to form a normal embryo. (bowdoin.edu)
Polar body or blastomere cells are more prone to these problems since they contain a limited amount of material available for genetic analysis. (hindawi.com)

In particular, while mouse embryos first exhibited sub-compartmentalization of different histone modifications between blastomeres at the morula stage and cell sub-populations in blastocysts, differential histone modification expression was detected between blastomeres earlier in human embryos at the 4- to 8-cell stage. (ca.gov)
Functional genomics of 5- to 8-cell stage human embryos by blastomere single-cell cDNA analysis. (clinbioinfosspa.es)
Forty-nine blastomeres from 5- to 8-cell human embryos have been investigated following an efficient single-cell cDNA amplification protocol to provide a template for high-density microarray analysis. (clinbioinfosspa.es)
In summary, the global single-cell cDNA amplification microarray analysis of the 5- to 8-cell stage human embryos reveals that blastomere fate is not committed to ICM or TE. (clinbioinfosspa.es)

Segregation of fate during cleavage of frog (Xenopus laevis) blastomeres. (nih.gov)
A detailed fate map of all the progeny derived from each of the blastomeres of the 4- and 8-cell stage South African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) embryo is presented. (nih.gov)
Clonal origins of Rohon-Beard neurons in Xenopus were determined quantitatively by injecting horseradish peroxidase into individual blastomeres at the 16-cell stage and later counting labeled and unlabeled Rohon-Beard neurons. (jneurosci.org)

In humans, blastomere formation begins immediately following fertilization and continues through the first week of embryonic development. (wikipedia.org)
Despite limited information on neonatal safety, the transfer of frozen-thawed cleavage-stage embryos with blastomere loss is common in women undergoing in vitro fertilization. (biomedcentral.com)

There are two main way in which blastomeres typically divide: symmetrically, meaning perpendicular to the apical-basal axis, or asymmetrically, meaning horizontal to the apical-basal axis. (wikipedia.org)
At this point, certain blastomeres divide symmetrically and others asymmetrically. (biologists.org)
When the first two-cell blastomere to divide does so meridionally (ME embryos), the orientation of the first cleavage is predictive of the orientation and polarity of the embryonic-abembryonic axis. (biologists.org)
The blastomeres further divide and subdivide to form a multicellular morula in the first several days of pregnancy. (thefreedictionary.com)
In these groups, the fertilized eggs divide through a highly stereotypic cleavage pattern where blastomeres at the 4-cell stage cleave with the mitotic spindles oblique to the animal-vegetal axis, alternating direction (clockwise and counterclockwise) at each division cycle, termed the spiral cleavage pattern [ 5 , 6 , 17 - 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The morula stage leads to the creation of junctional complexes between blastomeres. (reference.com)
[3] De forskjellige typene deling ender alle i en ball av celler, kalt en morula . (wikipedia.org)
Hos glassvamper skjer dette allerede på 32-cellers stadiet [5] Nesledyr og ribbemaneter klekker også på morula-stadiet, og gir opphav til en avflaten larve som likner svampenes, og kalles en planula . (wikipedia.org)

Hawes S, Gie Chung Y, Latham K. Genetic and epigenetic factors affecting blastomere fragmentation in two-cell stage mouse embryos. (labome.org)
Han Z, Chung Y, Gao S, Latham K. Maternal factors controlling blastomere fragmentation in early mouse embryos. (labome.org)

After this, the 8-cell blastomere mass begins to compact by forming tight junctions between themselves, and cytosolic components of the cell accumulate in the apical region while the nucleus of each cell moves to the basal region. (wikipedia.org)
The blastomeres begin to make tight junctions with each other, which causes them to deform. (reference.com)

After the next cell division, individual four-cell blastomeres originate miniature blastocysts. (mdpi.com)

These multi-celled embryos are called blastomeres. (reference.com)

Reliable sex determination of mouse preimplantation embryos by PCR amplification of male-specific genes in single blastomeres. (bvsalud.org)

Holy, J & Schatten, G 1991, ' Differential behavior of centrosomes in unequally dividing blastomeres during fourth cleavage of sea urchin embryos ', Journal of cell science , vol. 98, no. 3, pp. 423-431. (elsevier.com)
Surface forces of blastomeres in the sea urchin egg. (nii.ac.jp)

Accordingly, there is transcriptome asymmetry within mouse oocytes, but not between the sister blastomeres of early embryos. (bath.ac.uk)

That is, blastomeres are capable of developing from a single cell into a fully fertile adult organism. (wikipedia.org)
Studies have analyzed monozygotic twin mouse blastomeres in their two-cell state, and have found that when one of the twin blastomeres is destroyed, a fully fertile adult mouse can still develop. (wikipedia.org)
The differentiation of the blastomere allows for the development of two distinct cell populations: the inner cell mass, which becomes the precursor to the embryo, and the trophectoderm, which becomes the precursor to the placenta. (wikipedia.org)
These precursors typically appear when the blastomere differentiates into the 8- and 16-cell masses. (wikipedia.org)
During the 8-cell differentiation period, the blastomeres form adheren junctions, and subsequently polarize along the apical-basal axis. (wikipedia.org)
The 4-cell dorsal (D) blastomere is the major progenitor of the stomodeum, cement gland, retina, notochord, head somite, pharynx and liver. (nih.gov)
The 4-cell ventral (V) blastomere is the major progenitor of the trunk and fin epidermis, ventral somite, nephrotome, lateral plate mesoderm and proctodeum. (nih.gov)
At the next cell division, the animal hemisphere daughters of both blastomeres (D1 and V1, respectively) become the major progenitors for head ectodermal and mesodermal structures, and the vegetal hemisphere daughters become the major progenitors for trunk mesodermal (D2) or trunk endodermal (V2) structures. (nih.gov)
To answer this question, Enkui Duan and colleagues performed single-cell transcriptional analysis of human and mouse blastomeres (p. 3468 ). (biologists.org)
This study shows that symmetry breaking leading to lineage specification is a continuous process that emerges as early as the two-cell stage, before morphological differences between blastomeres are detectable. (biologists.org)
Han Z, Mtango N, Zhong Z, Vassena R, Latham K. Early transcription from the maternal genome controlling blastomere integrity in mouse two-cell-stage embryos. (labome.org)
Blastomeres of the early mouse embryo are thought to be equivalent in their developmental properties at least until the eight-cell stage. (biologists.org)
We find that one of these four-cell stage blastomeres that inherits some vegetal membrane marked in the previous cleavage cycle tends to contribute to mural trophectoderm. (biologists.org)
By contrast, chimaeras made from four-cell stage blastomeres from early meridional divisions develop normally. (biologists.org)
However, when such individual four-cell blastomeres are surrounded by blastomeres from random positions, they are able to contribute to all embryonic lineages. (biologists.org)
In conclusion, this study shows that while all four-cell blastomeres can have full developmental potential, they differ in their individual developmental properties according to their origin in the embryo from as early as the four-cell stage. (biologists.org)
More recently we have shown that for this to be the case, the relative spatial arrangement of the four-cell blastomeres, an outcome of the orientations of the second cleavages, is important ( Piotrowska and Zernicka-Goetz, 2002 ). (biologists.org)
This study also clarified the relationship between the order of blastomere division from the two- to four-cell stage, and the polarity of this embryonic-abembryonic axis ( Piotrowska and Zernicka-Goetz, 2002 ). (biologists.org)
In the less common situation (20% of embryos) when two-cell blastomeres undergo either sequential meridional or equatorial/oblique divisions, a relationship between the first cleavage and the embryonic-abembryonic axis is not observed. (biologists.org)
Blastomere which lies lateral to blastomere D1.1.2, posterior to its sister cell, blastomere D1.2.1, in the second tier of blastomeres. (xenbase.org)
Blastomere cell structure. (sciencephoto.com)
Coloured scanning electron micrograph of the cell structure of blastomeres in the 4-cell embryo. (sciencephoto.com)
In blastomeres dissociated from less well-studied two-cell embryos, we observe no significant GADD45a protein expression heterogeneity, apparent at the four-cell stage. (sciencemag.org)
The objective of this study was to determine the developmental competence of nuclear transfer (NT) embryos derived from embryonic blastomeres (embryonic cell NT) or fetal fibroblasts (somatic cell NT) as a first step in the production of rhesus monkeys by somatic cell cloning. (elsevier.com)
Blastomere refers to a cell that is created by the early stages of division of a fertilized egg. (fertilitysmarts.com)
Blastomeres are created in the first stage of embryonic development, when the fertilized egg transitions from one cell to 2-cell, 4-cell, 8-cell, and 16-cell variants. (fertilitysmarts.com)
Overall design: RNA-Seq from 24 single mouse blastomeres from oocytes, 2-cell, 4-cell and 8-cell stages. (omicsdi.org)
Stereotypic cleavage patterns play a crucial role in cell fate determination by precisely positioning early embryonic blastomeres. (biomedcentral.com)
A cleavage pattern can be variable, where the blastomere positions are not predictable (e.g., mouse), or stereotypic (e.g., ascidian), where the embryonic cell divisions form a precise, identifiable three-dimensional pattern of blastomeres [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Even though spiral cleavage has been modified in a multitude of ways throughout evolution with changes in blastomere sizes and cell fate specification [ 5 , 17 - 19 ], the cleavage pattern itself remained fairly conserved. (biomedcentral.com)
Blastomeres were separated from mouse (C57Bl/6J) 2- or 4- cell embryos . (bvsalud.org)
After the tentative ES cell lines were maintained from isolated blastomeres or whole embryos , some of them were frozen and the others were sub-cultured continually. (bvsalud.org)
One ES cell line (3.0%) was established from isolated blastomere of 2- cell embryo and one cell line (4.0%) from isolated two blastomeres of 4- cell embryo . (bvsalud.org)
Result(s): In blastomere removal embryos, compaction began at the six-cell stage instead of at the eight-cell stage. (elsevier.com)
In the current study, dissociated cultures were made from the spinal cords of embryos injected at the two-cell stage with an antibody to the middle molecular mass NF protein (NF-M), and time-lapse videomicroscopy was used to study early neurite outgrowth in descendants of both the injected and uninjected blastomeres. (jneurosci.org)
Cre recombinase activity is detected in pre-implantation embryonic blastomeres, after 2 cleavages, at the onset of the four-cell stage of development. (jax.org)
All the human blastomeres from the 5- to 8-cell stage embryo displayed a common gene expression pattern corresponding to ICM markers (e.g. (clinbioinfosspa.es)
4-Cell Embryo with Blastomeres of unequal sizes. (drmalpani.com)
To analyze whether the cleavage pattern redefined for all cleavage stages according to the relative blastomere size as a function of cell number has an additive value in predicting implantation potential of day 2-3 embryos. (fertstertdialog.com)
In the mouse embryo totipotency wanes during early cell divisions: the blastomeres from two-cell embryos are fully totipotent and each one can support the development of a complete individual. (mdpi.com)
Blastomeres isolated at the two-cell and four-cell stage are predicted to be totipotent and to develop normally (albeit at smaller sizes and slower rates). (bowdoin.edu)

Inability of mouse blastomere nuclei transferred to enucleated zygotes to support development in vitro. (jax.org)
signals in the blastomere nuclei. (nii.ac.jp)

This determinate developmental mode allowed for the identification of homologous blastomeres across taxa and unprecedented detail in the comparison of animal embryogenesis, further revealing that spiral-cleaving embryos not only have the same cleavage pattern, but homologous blastomeres between groups have a similar fate in the larval and adult tissues [ 5 , 18 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Each "identified" blastomere that results from stereotypic cleavages has a characteristic set of progeny that distinguishes it from the other blastomeres of the embryo. (nih.gov)
These findings provide additional support that stereotypic cleavage patterns can be modified during evolution without major changes to the molecular identity and fate of embryonic blastomeres. (biomedcentral.com)

Each blastomere inherits a certain region of the original egg cytoplasm, which may contain one or more regulatory substances called cytoplasmic determinants. (britannica.com)

228 IVF embryos had two blastomeres removed and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to detect aneuploidy of chromosomes 13, 15, 16, 18, 21, 22, X and Y. Of the 228 embryos, 102 had complete FISH results for both blastomeres. (springer.com)

Blastomere fate and embryonic genome activation (EGA) during human embryonic development are unsolved areas of high scientific and clinical interest. (clinbioinfosspa.es)

Conclusion(s): These findings suggested that blastomere removal has an adverse effect on embryonic development around the time of hatching. (elsevier.com)

The fertilised mammalian egg gives rise to seemingly equivalent blastomeres until the fourth cleavage division, when the first indication of lineage specification appears. (biologists.org)
In order to investigate the role of centrosomes in the generation of the asymmetric vegetal spindle at fourth cleavage, structural dynamics of centrosomes in both equally and unequally dividing blastomeres were compared using immunofluorescence methods. (elsevier.com)

Blastomeres from eggs of the killifish, Fundulus, were mechanically dissociated and reaggregated by pelleting in a simple saline solution. (elsevier.com)

This allows for approximately half of the blastomeres to inherit polar regions that can rebuild the apical cortical domain. (wikipedia.org)
The researchers tested 37 polar bodies, 64 blastomeres and 16 trophectoderm biopsies. (www.nhs.uk)

We show that a pattern of second cleavage divisions in which a meridional division is followed by one that is equatorial or oblique allows us to identify blastomeres that differ in their fate and in their developmental properties both from each other and from their cousins. (biologists.org)
Chimaeras made entirely of these equatorially or obliquely derived blastomeres show developmental abnormalities in both late preimplantation and early postimplantation development. (biologists.org)

The divisions are mitotic- i.e., each chromosome in the nucleus splits into two daughter chromosomes, so that the two daughter blastomeres retain the diploid number of chromosomes. (britannica.com)

However, the experiments that have led to this conclusion could not have taken into account either the spatial origin of individual blastomeres or the spatial allocation and fate of their progeny. (biologists.org)
To generate a modern fate map for C. teleta , we injected 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3'3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI) into individual identified blastomeres through fourth-quartet micromere formation. (biomedcentral.com)

Potentially, several blastomeres could be transferred to several enucleated oocytes and give rise to genetically identical offspring. (thefreedictionary.com)

In early development there is an apparent lack of a hyaline layer, irregularly arranged blastomeres , variable numbers of micromeres, and an absence of primary mesenchyme (Schroeder, 1981). (thefreedictionary.com)

Genetic analysis of biopsied gametes and blastomeres is now possible by DNA analysis, while enzyme analysis and preimplantation diagnosis of chromosomal disorders are still at the research stage. (biomedsearch.com)

fornicata, individual blastomeres may be pressure-injected with fluorescent lineage tracers, including fluorescent dextrans, at any stage of development (see Hejnol et al. (thefreedictionary.com)
Single animal pole blastomeres were labeled with a lineage marker and transplanted into the blastocoels of host embryos of different stages. (nih.gov)

This has been demonstrated through studies and conjectures made with mouse blastomeres, which have been accepted as true for most mammalian blastomeres as well. (wikipedia.org)
Comparison of Epigenetic Mediator Expression and Function in Mouse and Human Embryonic Blastomeres. (ca.gov)
The same experimental conditions were then used to amplify the single copy genes in single mouse blastomeres with two pairs of primers for each of the target sequences. (bvsalud.org)

Discordance among blastomeres from the same embryo appears to present a significant problem in interpreting results of embryos biopsied on day 3 and analyzed by FISH especially when most PGD's are done on single blastomeres. (springer.com)
Nineteen of 20 single blastomeres showed the accurate diagnosis when compared with theirs 7/8 embryos . (bvsalud.org)
Although it would have been possible to perform the tests on single blastomeres, Dr. Vermeesch and colleagues believed analyzing two would be more accurate. (medpagetoday.com)

Embryo quality was defined by the cleavage rate and by morphological parameters such as blastomere size and the presence or absence of anucleate fragments. (biomedsearch.com)

We aimed to evaluate the pregnancy outcomes and safety of frozen-thawed cleavage-stage embryos with blastomere loss. (biomedcentral.com)
Findings are conflicting regarding perinatal outcomes following transfer cycles of cleavage-stage embryos with blastomere loss. (biomedcentral.com)
To investigate the impact of blastomere loss on pregnancy outcomes and safety for neonates, only cases with embryos that were cryopreserved at the cleavage-stage were included in this study. (biomedcentral.com)
Blastomeres isolated beyond this stage are predicted to have differentiated during the normal course of development and will not form complete embryos or larvae. (bowdoin.edu)

The implantation of damaged blastomeres , which often coexist along with intact ones, is lowered, as expected, rather than the intact ones (49). (thefreedictionary.com)
The blastomere loss group showed significantly poorer outcomes with respect to implantation, pregnancy, and live birth rates than the intact embryo group. (biomedcentral.com)

Each blastomere receives the full complement of paternal and maternal chromosomes. (britannica.com)

The individual blastomeres were separated by gentle pipeting using a glass capillary. (omicsdi.org)
Many metazoan embryos develop via highly stereotyped cleavage programs that enable the identification of individual blastomeres during early development. (biomedcentral.com)

These events do not only affect the earliest stages of development, but they activate the molecular machinery responsible for early blastomere commitment with far-reaching implications for development of the growing embryo. (mdpi.com)

Anatomy19

Organisms9

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs4

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment11

Phenomena and Processes16

Disciplines and Occupations1

oko meduzy mutations affect neuronal patterning in the zebrafish retina and reveal cell-cell interactions of the retinal neuroepithelial sheet. (1/856)

Detection of benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide-DNA adducts in embryos from smoking couples: evidence for transmission by spermatozoa. (2/856)

Cross-coupling between voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels and ryanodine receptors in developing ascidian muscle blastomeres. (3/856)

Preimplantation diagnosis by fluorescence in situ hybridization using 13-, 16-, 18-, 21-, 22-, X-, and Y-chromosome probes. (4/856)

Production of cloned calves following nuclear transfer with cultured adult mural granulosa cells. (5/856)

Morphologic evaluation and actin filament distribution in porcine embryos produced in vitro and in vivo. (6/856)

Rapid visualization of metaphase chromosomes in single human blastomeres after fusion with in-vitro matured bovine eggs. (7/856)

Impact of blastomere biopsy and cryopreservation techniques on human embryo viability. (8/856)

Blastomeres

Cleavage Stage, Ovum

Urochordata

Blastocyst

Preimplantation Diagnosis

Embryonic Development

Embryo, Nonmammalian

Morula

Embryo Transfer

Zygote

Embryo, Mammalian

Embryonic Induction

Fertilization in Vitro

Gastrula

Embryonic and Fetal Development

Embryo Culture Techniques

Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental

Embryo Implantation

Zona Pellucida

Pregnancy

Oocytes

Cryopreservation

Sea Urchins

Blastula

Ectogenesis

Caenorhabditis elegans

Body Patterning

Mosaicism

Xenopus laevis

Nuclear Transfer Techniques

Xenopus Proteins

Parthenogenesis

Aneuploidy

Cell Lineage

Xenopus

Blastocyst Inner Cell Mass

Embryology

Cypriniformes

Mesoderm

Ectoderm

Micromanipulation

Ovum

Totipotent Stem Cells

Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins

Chimera

Endoderm

Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic

In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence

Cloning, Organism

Microinjections

Starfish

Cell Differentiation

Morphogenesis

Cytochalasins

Twinning, Monozygotic

Cell Nucleus

Prenatal Injuries

Notochord

Ciona intestinalis

Helminth Proteins

Cell Division

oko meduzy mutations affect neuronal patterning in the zebrafish retina and reveal cell-cell interactions of the retinal neuroepithelial sheet. (1/856)

Detection of benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide-DNA adducts in embryos from smoking couples: evidence for transmission by spermatozoa. (2/856)

Cross-coupling between voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels and ryanodine receptors in developing ascidian muscle blastomeres. (3/856)

Preimplantation diagnosis by fluorescence in situ hybridization using 13-, 16-, 18-, 21-, 22-, X-, and Y-chromosome probes. (4/856)

Production of cloned calves following nuclear transfer with cultured adult mural granulosa cells. (5/856)

Morphologic evaluation and actin filament distribution in porcine embryos produced in vitro and in vivo. (6/856)

Rapid visualization of metaphase chromosomes in single human blastomeres after fusion with in-vitro matured bovine eggs. (7/856)

Impact of blastomere biopsy and cryopreservation techniques on human embryo viability. (8/856)

Rhesus monkey embryos produced by nuclear transfer from embryonic blastomeres or somatic cells<...

Four-cell stage mouse blastomeres have different developmental properties | Development

Inability of mouse blastomere nuclei transferred to enucleated zygote by J McGrath and D Solter

Colour SEM of cell structure of embryo blastomere - Stock Image G450/0060 - Science Photo Library

Revisiting blastomere equality | Development

PLOS ONE: accelerating the publication of peer-reviewed science

Embryonic and Extraembryonic Stem Cell Lines Derived From Single Mouse Blastomeres

Hemichordate - Wikipedia

Differential activation of the DNA replication checkpoint contributes to asynchrony of cell division in C. elegans embryos

JCI - Making the blastocyst: lessons from the mouse

Blastomere | biology | Britannica