Blastocyst. Medical search

A post-MORULA preimplantation mammalian embryo that develops from a 32-cell stage into a fluid-filled hollow ball of over a hundred cells. A blastocyst has two distinctive tissues. The outer layer of trophoblasts gives rise to extra-embryonic tissues. The inner cell mass gives rise to the embryonic disc and eventual embryo proper.

The technique of maintaining or growing mammalian EMBRYOS in vitro. This method offers an opportunity to observe EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT; METABOLISM; and susceptibility to TERATOGENS.

Morphological and physiological development of EMBRYOS.

Endometrial implantation of EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN at the BLASTOCYST stage.

An early embryo that is a compact mass of about 16 BLASTOMERES. It resembles a cluster of mulberries with two types of cells, outer cells and inner cells. Morula is the stage before BLASTULA in non-mammalian animals or a BLASTOCYST in mammals.

The transfer of mammalian embryos from an in vivo or in vitro environment to a suitable host to improve pregnancy or gestational outcome in human or animal. In human fertility treatment programs, preimplantation embryos ranging from the 4-cell stage to the blastocyst stage are transferred to the uterine cavity between 3-5 days after FERTILIZATION IN VITRO.

An assisted reproductive technique that includes the direct handling and manipulation of oocytes and sperm to achieve fertilization in vitro.

The cluster of cells inside a blastocyst. These cells give rise to the embryonic disc and eventual embryo proper. They are pluripotent EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS capable of yielding many but not all cell types in a developing organism.

Morphological and physiological development of EMBRYOS or FETUSES.

The earliest developmental stage of a fertilized ovum (ZYGOTE) during which there are several mitotic divisions within the ZONA PELLUCIDA. Each cleavage or segmentation yields two BLASTOMERES of about half size of the parent cell. This cleavage stage generally covers the period up to 16-cell MORULA.

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

Preservation of cells, tissues, organs, or embryos by freezing. In histological preparations, cryopreservation or cryofixation is used to maintain the existing form, structure, and chemical composition of all the constituent elements of the specimens.

The entity of a developing mammal (MAMMALS), generally from the cleavage of a ZYGOTE to the end of embryonic differentiation of basic structures. For the human embryo, this represents the first two months of intrauterine development preceding the stages of the FETUS.

The fertilized OVUM resulting from the fusion of a male and a female gamete.

The transformation of a liquid to a glassy solid i.e., without the formation of crystals during the cooling process.

Delay in the attachment and implantation of BLASTOCYST to the uterine ENDOMETRIUM. The blastocyst remains unattached beyond the normal duration thus delaying embryonic development.

The formation of one or more genetically identical organisms derived by vegetative reproduction from a single cell. The source nuclear material can be embryo-derived, fetus-derived, or taken from an adult somatic cell.

Methods of maintaining or growing biological materials in controlled laboratory conditions. These include the cultures of CELLS; TISSUES; organs; or embryo in vitro. Both animal and plant tissues may be cultured by a variety of methods. Cultures may derive from normal or abnormal tissues, and consist of a single cell type or mixed cell types.

Cells lining the outside of the BLASTOCYST. After binding to the ENDOMETRIUM, trophoblasts develop into two distinct layers, an inner layer of mononuclear cytotrophoblasts and an outer layer of continuous multinuclear cytoplasm, the syncytiotrophoblasts, which form the early fetal-maternal interface (PLACENTA).

Undifferentiated cells resulting from cleavage of a fertilized egg (ZYGOTE). Inside the intact ZONA PELLUCIDA, each cleavage yields two blastomeres of about half size of the parent cell. Up to the 8-cell stage, all of the blastomeres are totipotent. The 16-cell MORULA contains outer cells and inner cells.

Female germ cells derived from OOGONIA and termed OOCYTES when they enter MEIOSIS. The primary oocytes begin meiosis but are arrested at the diplotene state until OVULATION at PUBERTY to give rise to haploid secondary oocytes or ova (OVUM).

Methods of implanting a CELL NUCLEUS from a donor cell into an enucleated acceptor cell.

Embryonic and fetal development that takes place in an artificial environment in vitro.

A unisexual reproduction without the fusion of a male and a female gamete (FERTILIZATION). In parthenogenesis, an individual is formed from an unfertilized OVUM that did not complete MEIOSIS. Parthenogenesis occurs in nature and can be artificially induced.

A tough transparent membrane surrounding the OVUM. It is penetrated by the sperm during FERTILIZATION.

The potential of the FETUS to survive outside the UTERUS after birth, natural or induced. Fetal viability depends largely on the FETAL ORGAN MATURITY, and environmental conditions.

The hollow thick-walled muscular organ in the female PELVIS. It consists of the fundus (the body) which is the site of EMBRYO IMPLANTATION and FETAL DEVELOPMENT. Beyond the isthmus at the perineal end of fundus, is CERVIX UTERI (the neck) opening into VAGINA. Beyond the isthmi at the upper abdominal end of fundus, are the FALLOPIAN TUBES.

Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

An assisted fertilization technique consisting of the microinjection of a single viable sperm into an extracted ovum. It is used principally to overcome low sperm count, low sperm motility, inability of sperm to penetrate the egg, or other conditions related to male infertility (INFERTILITY, MALE).

The ratio of the number of conceptions (CONCEPTION) including LIVE BIRTH; STILLBIRTH; and fetal losses, to the mean number of females of reproductive age in a population during a set time period.

Occurrence or induction of release of more ova than are normally released at the same time in a given species. The term applies to both animals and humans.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.

A colorless, odorless, viscous dihydroxy alcohol. It has a sweet taste, but is poisonous if ingested. Ethylene glycol is the most important glycol commercially available and is manufactured on a large scale in the United States. It is used as an antifreeze and coolant, in hydraulic fluids, and in the manufacture of low-freezing dynamites and resins.

A pair of highly specialized muscular canals extending from the UTERUS to its corresponding OVARY. They provide the means for OVUM collection, and the site for the final maturation of gametes and FERTILIZATION. The fallopian tube consists of an interstitium, an isthmus, an ampulla, an infundibulum, and fimbriae. Its wall consists of three histologic layers: serous, muscular, and an internal mucosal layer lined with both ciliated and secretory cells.

Methods used to induce premature oocytes, that are maintained in tissue culture, to progress through developmental stages including to a stage that is competent to undergo FERTILIZATION.

An individual that contains cell populations derived from different zygotes.

Substances that provide protection against the harmful effects of freezing temperatures.

The techniques used to select and/or place only one embryo from FERTILIZATION IN VITRO into the uterine cavity to establish a singleton pregnancy.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations, or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. All animals within an inbred strain trace back to a common ancestor in the twentieth generation.

The mucous membrane lining of the uterine cavity that is hormonally responsive during the MENSTRUAL CYCLE and PREGNANCY. The endometrium undergoes cyclic changes that characterize MENSTRUATION. After successful FERTILIZATION, it serves to sustain the developing embryo.

The event that a FETUS is born alive with heartbeats or RESPIRATION regardless of GESTATIONAL AGE. Such liveborn is called a newborn infant (INFANT, NEWBORN).

An acyclic state that resembles PREGNANCY in that there is no ovarian cycle, ESTROUS CYCLE, or MENSTRUAL CYCLE. Unlike pregnancy, there is no EMBRYO IMPLANTATION. Pseudopregnancy can be experimentally induced to form DECIDUOMA in the UTERUS.

The number of CELLS of a specific kind, usually measured per unit volume or area of sample.

An octamer transcription factor that is expressed primarily in totipotent embryonic STEM CELLS and GERM CELLS and is down-regulated during CELL DIFFERENTIATION.

The fusion of a spermatozoon (SPERMATOZOA) with an OVUM thus resulting in the formation of a ZYGOTE.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

The performance of dissections, injections, surgery, etc., by the use of micromanipulators (attachments to a microscope) that manipulate tiny instruments.

The outer of the three germ layers of an embryo.

Cells derived from the BLASTOCYST INNER CELL MASS which forms before implantation in the uterine wall. They retain the ability to divide, proliferate and provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.

Determination of the nature of a pathological condition or disease in the OVUM; ZYGOTE; or BLASTOCYST prior to implantation. CYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS is performed to determine the presence or absence of genetic disease.

The granulosa cells of the cumulus oophorus which surround the OVUM in the GRAAFIAN FOLLICLE. At OVULATION they are extruded with OVUM.

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

The process of bearing developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero in non-human mammals, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

The inner of the three germ layers of an embryo.

Early pregnancy loss during the EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN stage of development. In the human, this period comprises the second through eighth week after fertilization.

An INTERLEUKIN-6 related cytokine that exhibits pleiotrophic effects on many physiological systems that involve cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Leukemia inhibitory factor binds to and acts through the lif receptor.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Results of conception and ensuing pregnancy, including LIVE BIRTH; STILLBIRTH; SPONTANEOUS ABORTION; INDUCED ABORTION. The outcome may follow natural or artificial insemination or any of the various ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNIQUES, such as EMBRYO TRANSFER or FERTILIZATION IN VITRO.

The process of germ cell development in the female from the primordial germ cells through OOGONIA to the mature haploid ova (OVUM).

The three primary germinal layers (ECTODERM; ENDODERM; and MESODERM) developed during GASTRULATION that provide tissues and body plan of a mature organism. They derive from two early layers, hypoblast and epiblast.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

Liquid components of living organisms.

The major progestational steroid that is secreted primarily by the CORPUS LUTEUM and the PLACENTA. Progesterone acts on the UTERUS, the MAMMARY GLANDS and the BRAIN. It is required in EMBRYO IMPLANTATION; PREGNANCY maintenance, and the development of mammary tissue for MILK production. Progesterone, converted from PREGNENOLONE, also serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS.

Mature male germ cells derived from SPERMATIDS. As spermatids move toward the lumen of the SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES, they undergo extensive structural changes including the loss of cytoplasm, condensation of CHROMATIN into the SPERM HEAD, formation of the ACROSOME cap, the SPERM MIDPIECE and the SPERM TAIL that provides motility.

A polymer prepared from polyvinyl acetates by replacement of the acetate groups with hydroxyl groups. It is used as a pharmaceutic aid and ophthalmic lubricant as well as in the manufacture of surface coatings artificial sponges, cosmetics, and other products.

Methods for maintaining or growing CELLS in vitro.

The division of a ZYGOTE into two parts, each of which is capable of further development.

Liquids transforming into solids by the removal of heat.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

The hormone-responsive glandular layer of ENDOMETRIUM that sloughs off at each menstrual flow (decidua menstrualis) or at the termination of pregnancy. During pregnancy, the thickest part of the decidua forms the maternal portion of the PLACENTA, thus named decidua placentalis. The thin portion of the decidua covering the rest of the embryo is the decidua capsularis.

The developmental history of specific differentiated cell types as traced back to the original STEM CELLS in the embryo.

Procedures to obtain viable OOCYTES from the host. Oocytes most often are collected by needle aspiration from OVARIAN FOLLICLES before OVULATION.

The process by which a tissue or aggregate of cells is kept alive outside of the organism from which it was derived (i.e., kept from decay by means of a chemical agent, cooling, or a fluid substitute that mimics the natural state within the organism).

Cells that can give rise to cells of the three different GERM LAYERS.

Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

A species of SWINE, in the family Suidae, comprising a number of subspecies including the domestic pig Sus scrofa domestica.

A proteolytic enzyme obtained from Streptomyces griseus.

Clinical and laboratory techniques used to enhance fertility in humans and animals.

The injection of very small amounts of fluid, often with the aid of a microscope and microsyringes.

An ultrastructural study of implantation in the golden hamster. II. Trophoblastic invasion and removal of the uterine epithelium. (1/4036)

Sixty six implantation sites from 18 golden hamsters were examined with light and electron microscopy between 4 and 5 1/2 days of pregnancy (post-ovulation). At 4 days some blastocysts began to invade the uterine epithelium, with trophoblastic processes penetrating and engulfing portions of the uterine epithelium. The majority of epithelial cells appeared normal before invasion, although at two implantation sites three or four adjoining epithelial cells were necrotic before penetration by the trophoblast. In general the epithelial cells were degenerating at the time the trophoblast invaded the epithelium. Inclusions, representing portions of the engulfed epithelium, and varying in size and electron density, were present throughout the invading trophoblast cells at 4 1/2 and 5 days of pregnancy. At 5 1/2 days the uterine epithelium had disappeared and the embryo was now almost completely surrounded by blood lacunae. (+info)

Ontogeny of expression of a receptor for platelet-activating factor in mouse preimplantation embryos and the effects of fertilization and culture in vitro on its expression. (2/4036)

Platelet-activating factor (PAF; 1-o-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) is a potent ether phospholipid. It is one of the preimplantation embryo's autocrine growth/survival factors. It may act via a G protein-linked receptor on the embryo; however, the evidence for this is conflicting. The recent description of the intracellular form of the PAF:acetlyhydrolase enzyme as having structural homology with G proteins and Ras also suggests this as a potential intracellular receptor/transducer for PAF. This study used reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to examine the ontogeny of expression of the genes for these proteins in the oocyte and preimplantation-stage embryo. Transcripts for the G protein-linked PAF receptor were detected in the late 2-cell-stage embryo and in all stages from the 4-cell stage to blastocysts. They were also present in unfertilized oocytes and newly fertilized zygotes but only at relatively low levels. The incidence of expression was generally low and variable in late zygotes and early 2-cell embryos. Expression past the 2-cell stage was alpha-amanitin sensitive. The results indicated that mRNA for this receptor is a maternal transcript that was degraded during the zygote-2-cell stage. New expression of the receptor transcript required activation of the zygotic genome. Fertilization of embryos in vitro caused this transcript not to be expressed in the zygote. Culture of zygotes (irrespective of their method of fertilization) caused expression from the zygotic genome to be retarded by more than 24 h. This retardation did not occur if culture commenced at the 2-cell stage. The transcripts for the subunits of intracellular PAF:acetylhydrolase were not detected in oocytes or at any stage of embryo development examined, despite their being readily detected in control tissue. This study confirms the presence of the G protein-linked PAF receptor in the 2-cell embryo and describes for the first time its normal pattern of expression during early development. The adverse effects of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo culture on the expression of this transcript may be a contributing factor for the poor viability of embryos produced in this manner. The reduced expression of PAF-receptor mRNA following IVF predicts that such embryos may have a deficiency in autocrine stimulation and also suggests that supplementation of growth media with exogenous PAF would be only partially beneficial. The effect of IVF and culture may also explain the conflicting literature. (+info)

X inactive-specific transcript (Xist) expression and X chromosome inactivation in the preattachment bovine embryo. (3/4036)

Expression of the X inactive-specific transcript (Xist) is thought to be essential for the initiation of X chromosome inactivation and dosage compensation during female embryo development. In the present study, we analyzed the patterns of Xist transcription and the onset of X chromosome inactivation in bovine preattachment embryos. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed the presence of Xist transcripts in all adult female somatic tissues evaluated. In contrast, among the male tissues examined, Xist expression was detected only in testis. No evidence for Xist transcription was observed after a single round of RT-PCR from pools of in vitro-derived embryos at the 2- to 4-cell stage. Xist transcripts were detected as a faint amplicon at the 8-cell stage initially, and consistently thereafter in all stages examined up to and including the expanded blastocyst stage. Xist transcripts, however, were subsequently detected from the 2-cell stage onward after nested RT-PCR. Preferential [3H]thymidine labeling indicative of late replication of one of the X chromosomes was noted in female embryos of different developmental ages as follows: 2 of 7 (28.5%) early blastocysts, 6 of 13 (46.1%) blastocysts, 8 of 11 (72.1%) expanded blastocysts, and 14 of 17 (77.7%) hatched blastocysts. These results suggest that Xist expression precedes the onset of late replication in the bovine embryo, in a pattern compatible with a possible role of bovine Xist in the initiation of X chromosome inactivation. (+info)

Induction of Ig light chain gene rearrangement in heavy chain-deficient B cells by activated Ras. (4/4036)

During B cell development, rearrangement and expression of Ig heavy chain (HC) genes promote development and expansion of pre-B cells accompanied by the onset of Ig light chain (LC) variable region gene assembly. To elucidate the signaling pathways that control these events, we have tested the ability of activated Ras expression to promote B cell differentiation to the stage of LC gene rearrangement in the absence of Ig HC gene expression. For this purpose, we introduced an activated Ras expression construct into JH-deleted embryonic stem cells that lack the ability to assemble HC variable region genes and assayed differentiation potential by recombination activating gene (RAG) 2-deficient blastocyst complementation. We found that activated Ras expression induces the progression of B lineage cells beyond the developmental checkpoint ordinarily controlled by mu HC. Such Ras/JH-deleted B cells accumulate in the periphery but continue to express markers associated with precursor B cells including RAG gene products. These peripheral Ras/JH-deleted B cell populations show extensive Ig LC gene rearrangement but maintain an extent of kappa LC gene rearrangement and a preference for kappa over lambda LC gene rearrangement similar to that of wild-type B cells. We discuss these findings in the context of potential mechanisms that may regulate Ig LC gene rearrangement. (+info)

In-vitro fertilization and culture of mouse embryos in vitro significantly retards the onset of insulin-like growth factor-II expression from the zygotic genome. (5/4036)

In this study, the effect of in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and culture of mouse embryos in vitro on the normal expression of insulin-like growth factor-II (IFG-II) ligand and receptor was examined. The expression of IGF-II increased in a linear fashion at least up to the 8-cell stage of development. IGF-II expression in embryos collected fresh from the reproductive tract was significantly (P < 0.001) greater than in embryos fertilized in the reproductive tract and cultured in vitro (in-situ fertilized: ISF), and its expression was further reduced (P < 0.001) in IVF embryos at all development stages tested. The expression of IGF-II was significantly (P < 0.001) lower when embryos were cultured individually in 100 microl drops compared with culture in groups of 10 in 10 microl drops of medium. The addition of platelet activating factor to culture medium partially overcame this density-dependent decline of expression. Culture of ISF and IVF zygotes also caused the onset of new IGF-II mRNA transcription from the zygotic genome to be significantly (P < 0.001) retarded, until at least the 8-cell stage of development. This effect was greater (P < 0.05) for IVF than for ISF embryos. Neither IVF nor culture had any obvious effect on IFG-II/mannose-6-phosphate receptor (IGF-IIr) mRNA expression. (+info)

Detection of benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide-DNA adducts in embryos from smoking couples: evidence for transmission by spermatozoa. (6/4036)

Tobacco smoking is deleterious to reproduction. Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is a potent carcinogen in cigarette smoke. Its reactive metabolite induces DNA-adducts, which can cause mutations. We investigated whether B[a]P diol epoxide (BPDE) DNA adducts are detectable in preimplantation embryos in relation to parental smoking. A total of 17 couples were classified by their smoking habits: (i) both partners smoke; (ii) wife non-smoker, husband smokes; and (iii) both partners were non-smokers. Their 27 embryos were exposed to an anti-BPDE monoclonal antibody that recognizes BPDE-DNA adducts. Immunostaining was assessed in each embryo and an intensity score was calculated for embryos in each smoking group. The proportion of blastomeres which stained was higher for embryos of smokers than for non-smokers (0.723 versus 0.310). The mean intensity score was also higher for embryos of smokers (1.40+/-0.28) than for non-smokers (0.38+/-0.14; P = 0.015), but was similar for both types of smoking couples. The mean intensity score was positively correlated with the number of cigarettes smoked by fathers (P = 0.02). Increased mean immunostaining in embryos from smokers, relative to non-smokers, indicates a relationship with parental smoking. The similar levels of immunostaining in embryos from both types of smoking couples suggest that transmission of modified DNA is mainly through spermatozoa. We confirmed paternal transmission of modified DNA by detection of DNA adducts in spermatozoa of a smoker father and his embryo. (+info)

Co-expression of cytokeratins and vimentin by highly invasive trophoblast in the white-winged vampire bat, Diaemus youngi, and the black mastiff bat, Molossus ater, with observations on intermediate filament proteins in the decidua and intraplacental trophoblast. (7/4036)

Histological and immunocytochemical studies of gravid reproductive tracts obtained from the white-winged vampire bat (Diaemus youngi) and the black mastiff bat (Molossus ater) have established that both species develop unusually invasive trophoblast. This is released by the developing discoidal haemochorial placenta, expresses both cytokeratins and vimentin, and invades the myometrium and adjacent tissues (including the ovaries) via interstitial migration within the walls of maternal blood vessels. Hence, this trophoblast is noteworthy for the extent to which it undergoes an epithelial-mesenchymal transformation. In Molossus, it originates from the cytotrophoblastic shell running along the base of the placenta, is mononuclear, and preferentially invades maternal arterial vessels serving the discoidal placenta. This trophoblast may have a role in dilatation of these vessels when the discoidal placenta becomes functional. In Diaemus, the highly invasive trophoblast appears to originate instead from a layer of syncytiotrophoblast on the periphery of the placenta is multinucleated, and vigorously invades both arterial and venous vessels. During late pregnancy, it becomes extensively branched and sends attenuated processes around many of the myometrial smooth muscle fibres. In view of its distribution, this trophoblast could have important influences upon myometrial contractility and the function of blood vessels serving the gravid tract. Other aspects of intermediate filament expression in the uteri and placentae of these bats are also noteworthy. Many of the decidual giant cells in Molossus co-express cytokeratins and vimentin, while the syncytiotrophoblast lining the placental labyrinth in Diaemus late in pregnancy expresses little cytokeratin. (+info)

Trophectoderm differentiation in the bovine embryo: characterization of a polarized epithelium. (8/4036)

Blastocytst formation is dependent on the differentiation of a transporting epithelium, the trophectoderm, which is coordinated by the embryonic expression and cell adhesive properties of E-cadherin. The trophectoderm shares differentiative characteristics with all epithelial tissues, including E-cadherin-mediated cell adhesion, tight junction formation, and polarized distribution of intramembrane proteins, including the Na-K ATPase. The present study was conducted to characterize the mRNA expression and distribution of polypeptides encoding E-cadherin, beta-catenin, and the tight junction associated protein, zonula occludens protein 1, in pre-attachment bovine embryos, in vitro. Immunocytochemistry and gene specific reverse transcription--polymerase chain reaction methods were used. Transcripts for E-cadherin and beta-catenin were detected in embryos of all stages throughout pre-attachment development. Immunocytochemistry revealed E-cadherin and beta-catenin polypeptides evenly distributed around the cell margins of one-cell zygotes and cleavage stage embryos. In the morula, detection of these proteins diminished in the free apical surface of outer blastomeres. E-cadherin and beta-catenin became restricted to the basolateral membranes of trophectoderm cells of the blastocyst, while maintaining apolar distributions in the inner cell mass. Zonula occludens protein 1 immunoreactivity was undetectable until the morula stage and first appeared as punctate points between the outer cells. In the blastocyst, zonula occludens protein 1 was localized as a continuous ring at the apical points of trophectoderm cell contact and was undetectable in the inner cell mass. These results illustrate that the gene products encoding E-cadherin, beta-catenin and zonula occludens protein 1 are expressed and maintain cellular distribution patterns consistent with their predicted roles in mediating trophectoderm differentiation in in vitro produced bovine embryos. (+info)

To be able to perform implantation on the uterine wall, the blastocyst first needs to get rid of the zona pellucida. This lysis ... Prior to this event, the predecessor of the embryo, in the form of a blastocyst, is surrounded by a glycoprotein sphere called ... In some situations, the term "hatching" is used only for artificial ways to free the blastocyst from the zona pellucida, and ... "Blastocyst Development". UNSW Embryology. UNSW CRICOS. ISBN 978-0-7334-2609-4. Langman's Medical Embryology 6th Edition, page ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_hatching

"The Mammalian Blastocyst". Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Developmental Biology. 5 (2): 210-232. doi:10.1002/wdev.220. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsupial

Nevertheless, the apposition on the blastocyst is not dependent on if it is on the same side of the blastocyst as the inner ... perhaps because it increases the area of contact with the rather spherical blastocyst. On the blastocyst, on the other hand, it ... There is massive communication between the blastocyst and the endometrium at this stage. The blastocyst signals to the ... Factors from the blastocyst also trigger the final formation of decidual cells into their proper form. In contrast, some ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Implantation_(human_embryo)

"Cleavage and Blastocyst Formation". www.vivo.colostate.edu. Retrieved 2019-04-04. TOGASHI, Mamoru; SUZUKI, Hiroshi; MIYAI, ... Polar blastomere cells that differentiate will move to an outer position in the developing blastocyst and show precursors for ... Over time many specialists have switched to blastocyst biopsies, which provide a lower level of mosaicism, but blastomere ... Blastocoel Blastocyst Oocyte Blastomere Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blastomere

However, if the structural integrity of the blastocyst is compromised prior to the experiment, the ICM is susceptible to the ... This technique is used to isolate the inner cell mass of the blastocyst. The trophoectoderm's cell junctions and tight ... Cruz, Y. P.; Treichel, R. S.; Harsay, E.; Chi, K. D. (1993-01-01). "Mouse Blastocyst Immunosurgery with Commercial Antiserum to ... Immunosurgery is a method of selectively removing the external cell layer (trophoblast) of a blastocyst through a cytotoxicity ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunosurgery

"What is the Blastocyst". Science Trends. Retrieved 5 October 2020. Balano, Alex. "What is the Blastocyst". Science Trends. ... the blastocoel or blastocyst). Mammals at this stage form a structure called the blastocyst,[1] characterized by an inner cell ... The blastocyst must not be confused with the blastula; even though they are similar in structure, their cells have different ... In the mouse, primordial germ cells arise from a layer of cells in the inner cell mass of the blastocyst (the epiblast) as a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embryonic_development

Blastocyst Gravindex Chard, T. (1992). "REVIEW: Pregnancy tests: a review". Human Reproduction. 7 (5): 701-710. doi:10.1093/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnancy_test

Vezatin has been shown to appear in the mouse blastocyst as early as the 2-cell stage, suggesting that this protein is in fact ... The morphogenesis of a blastocyst is dependent on the formation of the trophectoderm, the first epithelial layer. Like all ... Eckert, Judith J.; Velazquez, Miguel A.; Fleming, Tom P. (2015). "Cell Signalling During Blastocyst Morphogenesis". Cell ... is required for mouse blastocyst morphogenesis". Developmental Biology. 287 (1): 180-191. doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.09.004. ISSN ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VEZT

Due to that fact, the developing mammalian embryo at this stage is called a blastocyst, not a blastula, which is more generic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammalian_embryogenesis

A blastocoel (/ˈblæstəˌsiːl/), also spelled blastocoele and blastocele, and also called blastocyst cavity (or cleavage or ... Borland, Raymond Michael (1977). "Transport processes in the mammalian blastocyst". Development in Mammals. 1: 31-67. Cherr, ... called a blastocyst. Similar to mammals, fertilization of the avian ovum occurs in the oviduct. From there the blastodisc, a ... segmentation cavity) is a fluid-filled cavity that forms in the blastula (blastocyst) of early amphibian and echinoderm embryos ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blastocoel

The blastocyst reaches the uterus at roughly the fifth day after fertilization. It is here that lysis of the zona pellucida ... This stage is called a blastocyst. Up to this point there is no growth in the overall size of the embryo, as it is confined ... This process is analogous to zona hatching, a term that refers to the emergence of the blastocyst from the zona pellucida, when ... This allows the trophectoderm cells of the blastocyst to come into contact with, and adhere to, the endometrial cells of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prenatal_development

Clemetson CA, Moshfeghi MM, Mallikarjuneswara VR (1970). "Electrophoretic mobility of the rat blastocyst". Contraception. 1 (5 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Clemetson

In mammals, the blastula is referred to as a blastocyst. The blastocyst contains an embryoblast (or inner cell mass) that will ... In the mammalian blastocyst (term for mammalian blastula) there are three lineages that give rise to later tissue development. ... Blastocyst Cellular differentiation Gastrulation Polarity in embryogenesis Diploblasty Triploblasty "Blastulation". www.web- ... ISBN 978-0-7923-8336-9. Forgács & Newman, 2005: p. 27 Cockburn, Katie; Rossant, Janet (1 April 2010). "Making the blastocyst: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blastulation

Peak expression is observed in the blastocyst. A sharp decline in expression is observed at the fetal stage, after which ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FAM208b

At this stage, the embryo is called a blastocyst. Embryogenesis Blastocyst Cleavage (breasts) Gilbert, Scott F. (2000). "An ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleavage_(embryo)

"Blastocyst-like structures generated solely from stem cells". Nature. 557 (7703): 106-111. doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0051-0. ISSN ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_of_Molecular_Biotechnology

A blastoid is an embryoid, a stem cell-based embryo model which, morphologically and transcriptionally, resembles blastocysts, ... "Blastocyst-like structures generated solely from stem cells". Nature. 557 (7703): 106-111. Bibcode:2018Natur.557..106R. doi: ... "Blastocyst-like structures generated solely from stem cells". Nature. 557 (7703): 106-111. Bibcode:2018Natur.557..106R. doi: ... ". "Blastoid: The backstory of the formation of blastocyst-like structure solely from stem cells". 27 June 2018. Rivron, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blastoid_(embryoid)

A hollow cavity forms marking the blastocyst stage. (day 1.5-3 of fertilization.) The blastocyst contains only a thin rim of ... The blastocyst is fully implanted day 7-12 of fertilization. Formation of the yolk sac. The embryonic cells flatten into a disk ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_human_prenatal_development

Methylation begins to increase at 3.5 days after fertilization in the blastocyst, and a large wave of methylation then occurs ... in the pre-implantation embryo up to the blastocyst stage (see Figure), the only methyltransferase present is an isoform of ... DNMT3b begins to be expressed in the blastocyst. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_demethylation

"Blastocyst-like structures generated solely from stem cells". Nature. 557 (7703): 106-11. doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0051-0. PMID ... "Blastocyst-like structures generated solely from stem cells". Nature. 557 (7703): 106-111. doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0051-0. ISSN ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clemens_van_Blitterswijk

Blastoid (blastocyst-like organoid) Cardiac organoid - In 2018 hollow cardiac organoids were made to beat, and to respond to ... May 2018). "Blastocyst-like structures generated solely from stem cells". Nature. 557 (7703): 106-111. Bibcode:2018Natur.557.. ... "Blastoid: The backstory of the formation of blastocyst-like structure solely from stem cells". 2018-06-27. "Nicolas Rivron Lab ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organoid

The hybrid cell is then stimulated to divide by an electric shock, and when it develops into a blastocyst it is implanted in ... Albieri then implanted the blastocyst into Dora's ovary. At this time, Dora does not know that she was carrying a clone. When ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osvaldo_Daniel

... s (ES cells or ESCs) are pluripotent stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst, an early- ... The inner cell mass (cells of interest), from the blastocyst stage of the embryo, is separated from the trophectoderm, the ... The following day, she removed the inner cell mass from the late blastocyst using microsurgery. The extracted inner cell mass ... Human embryos reach the blastocyst stage 4-5 days post fertilization, at which time they consist of 50-150 cells. Isolating the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embryonic_stem_cell

Early blastocyst stage 4 Random X-inactivation in the embryonic lineage (inner cell mass) Late blastocyst stage Late blastocyst ... XaP XaM → undergoing random X-inactivation in the embryonic lineage (inner cell mass) in the blastocyst stage, leading to: ... In the early blastocyst, this initial, imprinted X-inactivation is reversed in the cells of the inner cell mass (which give ... XiP XaM → undergoing X-activation in the early blastocyst stage, leading to: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-chromosome_inactivation

Frankenberg, Stephen R.; De Barros, Flavia R.O.; Rossant, Janet; Renfree, Marilyn B. (2016). "The Mammalian Blastocyst". Wiley ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsupialia

"Human Blastocyst Secreted microRNA Regulate Endometrial Epithelial Cell Adhesion". EBioMedicine. 2 (10): 1528-1535. doi:10.1016 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MicroRNA

Daigneault BW, Rajput S, Smith GW, Ross PJ (May 2018). "Embryonic POU5F1 is Required for Expanded Bovine Blastocyst Formation ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genome_editing

Embryos are generally obtained through blastomere or blastocyst biopsy. The latter technique has proved to be less deleterious ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assisted_reproductive_technology

hCG-positive indicates an implanted blastocyst and mammalian embryogenesis. These can be done to diagnose and monitor germ cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_chorionic_gonadotropin

At 148 hours, early blastocysts form. At 10-12 days, implantation occurs. The gestation of queens lasts between 64 and 67 days ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat

Blastocyst transfer and fertility treatment Risks of blastocyst transfer Blastocyst photos at different stages of development ... The conceptus is then known as the blastocyst. The side of the blastocyst where the inner cellular mass forms is called the ... preparing the blastocyst for gastrulation. The level of human chorionic gonadotropin secreted by the blastocyst during ... and into the uterus where the blastocysts are inserted into the womb. Blastocysts also offer an advantage because they can be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blastocyst

A trilaminar embryo (or trilaminary blastoderm, or trilaminar germ disk) is an early stage in the development of triploblastic organisms, which include humans and many other animals. It is an embryo which exists as three different germ layers - the ectoderm, the mesoderm and the endoderm. These layers are arranged on top of each other like a stack of paper, giving rise to the name trilaminar, or "three-layered". These three layers arise early in the third week (after gastrulation) from the epiblast (a portion of the mammalian inner cell mass). Swiss embryology (from UL, UB, and UF) hdisqueembry/triderm01 Embryology at UNSW Notes/week3_4 Overview at edu.mt v t ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trilaminar_blastocyst

Blastocyst Freeze Media, Blastocyst Thaw Media, Embryo Freeze Media, Embryo Thaw Media, Complete Early Cleavage Medium® (ECM®) ... blastocyst stage has become a real option after researchers achieved pregnancy rates that were as good as those for blastocysts ... zygotes through day 3 cleavage and blastocyst stage embryos within the fertility area. ...

https://www.news-medical.net/?tag=/Blastocyst&page=4

HATCHING OF THE BLASTOCYST : HATCHING OF THE BLASTOCYST Formation of blastocyst (D4) Shedding of zona pellucida & hatching of ... Implantation of Blastocyst Implantation of Blastocyst : Implantation of Blastocyst Day - 4: Morula reaches in uterine cavity ... SEQUENCE AFTER FERTILIZATION? 1st cleavage after 30 Hours Morula 3days Blastocyst formation 4th day Blastocyst floats in Uterus ... Blastocyst Implantation Prof. Dr. Saeed Shafi Slide 2: Nadia Suleyman, a 32-year old business executive underwent IVF and ...

http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/msaeedshafi-157600-blastocyst-implantation-entertainment-ppt-powerpoint/

blastocyst synonyms, blastocyst pronunciation, blastocyst translation, English dictionary definition of blastocyst. n. The ... blastocyst. Also found in: Thesaurus, Medical, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia.. Related to blastocyst: blastocyst transfer ... However at the ARU, blastocyst culture enables embryos to be "grown" in a lab to the blastocyst stage of development (day five ... The number of embryos or blastocysts transferred in each cycle was captured, but embryo and blastocyst transfers were not ...

https://www.thefreedictionary.com/blastocyst

expression becomes limited to the ICM in the early blastocyst stage. By the late blastocyst stage, while continuing to express ... are not established until the late blastocyst stage. The expression patterns of NANOG. and GATA6. in the human preimplantation ... and recent discoveries have shed new light on the establishment of the three blastocyst lineages. What is less clear, however, ... results in the formation of a blastocyst with three distinct cell lineages. Only one of these lineages, the epiblast, ...

https://www.jci.org/articles/view/41229/figure/1

Blastocyst score affects implantation and pregnancy outcome: towards a single blastocyst transfer. Fertil Steril. 2000;73(6): ... Making the blastocyst: lessons from the mouse Katie Cockburn et al. * Portrait of an oocyte: our obscure origin Roger Gosden et ... while Oct4 expression becomes limited to the ICM in the early blastocyst stage. By the late blastocyst stage, while continuing ... Making the blastocyst: lessons from the mouse. Katie Cockburn and Janet Rossant Department of Molecular Genetics, University of ...

https://www.jci.org/articles/view/41229

Find blastocyst Stock Images in HD and millions of other royalty-free stock photos, illustrations, and vectors in the ... Blastocyst stock photos. 850 Blastocyst stock photos, vectors, and illustrations are available royalty-free. See blastocyst ... blastocyst. Human blastocyst, with inner cell mass. the mammalian conceptus in the post-morula stage, consisting of the ... blastocyst. Human blastocyst, with inner cell mass. the mammalian conceptus in the post-morula stage, consisting of the ...

https://www.shutterstock.com/search/blastocyst

Human Cloning Obfuscation 8: A Blastocyst, Not an Embryo By Wesley J. Smith * About Wesley J. Smith ... When it is about 7-10 days along, it is a blastocyst. In human biology, the embryo is called a fetus after three months of ... In this edition, bioethicist Jonathan Moreno claims that a blastocyst isnt an embryo. From his Huffington Post column:. ... The egg "reprograms" the DNA in the donor cell to an embryonic state and divides until it has reached the early, blastocyst ...

https://www.nationalreview.com/human-exceptionalism/human-cloning-obfuscation-8-blastocyst-not-embryo-wesley-j-smith/

Blastocyst Injection. The ability of mouse pre-implantation embryos to incorporate cells from other embryos is fundamental to ... Genetically modified ES cells will be injected into C57Bl/6 or C57Bl/6 albino blastocysts. Injected blasts will then be ... ES cell clone contributing to the germ-line is highly dependent on the quality of the ES cells injected into the blastocyst. It ...

https://www.mdanderson.org/research/research-resources/core-facilities/genetically-engineered-mouse-facility/services-and-fees/blastocyst-injection.html

2012) Cell Lineage Allocation Within the Inner Cell Mass of the Mouse Blastocyst. In: Kubiak J. (eds) Mouse Development. ... Artus J, Piliszek A, Hadjantonakis AK (2011) The primitive endoderm lineage of the mouse blastocyst: sequential transcription ... Rossant J, Tam PP (2009) Blastocyst lineage formation, early embryonic asymmetries and axis patterning in the mouse. ... Cell Lineage Allocation Within the Inner Cell Mass of the Mouse Blastocyst. ...

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-30406-4_10

Blastocyst transcription of ,i,OCT4,/i, (pluripotency marker) was not affected by LPA stimulation. In conclusion, LPA is an ... between Days 2 and 8 had no effect on embryo yield and quality and on blastocyst relative mRNA abundance of genes involved in ... Transcription levels of genes coding for LPA synthesis enzymes ((a) ATX; (b) cPLA 2) in late cleavage (Day 5) and blastocyst ( ... Blastocyst transcription of OCT4 (pluripotency marker) was not affected by LPA stimulation. In conclusion, LPA is an early ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/mi/2014/678968/

Establishment of embryonic stem cells from rat blastocysts.. Kawamata M1, Ochiya T. ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20013233

I have just had a grade 5CC blastocyst and an early blastocyst transferred yesterday. My egg quality has been an issue for me, ... I have just had a grade 5CC blastocyst and an early blastocyst transferred yesterday. My egg quality has been an issue for me, ... I feel like my blastocyst is a lost cause, but then I hear stories like yours and it gives me a glimmer of hope. I hope you ...

https://www.whattoexpect.com/forums/fertility-treatments/topic/poor-quality-blastocyst.html

For one thing, blastocysts have a better chance of implantation, which means the success rate with blastocyst transfers is ... Also, since the doctor is transferring only 1 - 2 blastocysts, you can freeze the extra blastocysts , which means you get a ... till they become blastocysts. A blastocyst is the final stage of the embryos development before it hatches out of its shell ( ... Why you should insist that your doctor do only blastocyst transfers. In the past, most embryo transfers were done on day two or ...

https://www.drmalpani.com/knowledge-center/articles/blastocyst

Derivation of embryonic stem-cell lines from human blastocysts.. Cowan CA1, Klimanskaya I, McMahon J, Atienza J, Witmyer J, ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14999088?dopt=Abstract

This mimics findings in OCT4-deficient human blastocysts but is in sharp contrast to Oct4-null mouse blastocysts, where NANOG ... OCT4/POU5F1 is required for NANOG expression in bovine blastocysts. Kilian Simmet, Valeri Zakhartchenko, Julia Philippou- ... OCT4/POU5F1 is required for NANOG expression in bovine blastocysts. Kilian Simmet, Valeri Zakhartchenko, Julia Philippou- ... Control blastocysts showed a typical salt-and-pepper distribution of NANOG- and GATA6-positive cells in the ICM. In contrast, ...

http://www.pnas.org/content/115/11/2770.short?rss%3D1

Day 5 blastocyst embryo transfer vs. day 3 cleavage stage transfer is discussed. Advanced Fertility Center of Chicago has done ... Cost for blastocyst transfer. We do not charge extra for blastocyst transfer. See our current fees for IVF ... Day 5 Blastocyst Transfer for IVF. 2 blastocyst embryos that were transferred with a pregnancy resulting. Transferring 2 ... Unresolved issues regarding blastocyst transfer:. *How do we select the most appropriate candidates for blastocyst transfer? ...

http://www.advancedfertility.com/blastocyst.htm

Activating genes for reprogramming factors for a short time transforms large numbers of differentiated cells into multipotent forms that could be useful for cell-based therapies.. 0 Comments. ...

https://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.list/categoryNo/2625/category/The-Scientist/tagNo/1932,4/tags/blastocyst,cell--amp--molecular-biology/

The preimplantation mouse blastocyst. A schematic drawing of the differentiated mouse blastocyst. The inner cell mass (ICM) and ... The blastocyst lane contain ≈279 blastocysts for a total of ≈7 μg of protein. ... female mice 48 h after mating and cultured to a blastocyst stage as described (1). The blastocysts were fixed on glass slides ... Blastocysts from each condition were incubated in medium at a final glucose concentration of 5.6 mM with 500 nM insulin (Sigma ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/97/13/7313.full

When the couple produce enough blastocysts of good quality, the selection of the euploid blastocyst for transfer is beneficial ... Study of the Best Blastocyst Post Transfer by aCGH. The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of ... Study of the Best Blastocyst Post Transfer by aCGH. Brief Summary An Observational, blind and prospective study of ... Other important developments include the culture of pre-embryos to the blastocyst stage. This allows more cells to be obtained ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT01664546

... is now offering preimplantation genetic diagnosis testing of blastocyst embryos. The testing identifies genetic defects in ... is now offering preimplantation genetic diagnosis testing of day 5 blastocyst embryos. The testing identifies genetic defects ... Now Offering Trophectoderm Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis Testing of Blastocyst Embryos. ...

http://www.prweb.com/releases/pgdtesting/denverfertilityclinic/prweb11482033.htm

A blastocyst is a cellular mass that forms early in the embryo development process in mammals. Humans develop a blastocyst ... So a blastocyst is very early pregnancy? Is a blastocyst before implantation? It sounds like it would have to be if part of the ... Apparently, a blastocyst isnt an embryo yet. (In humans, the term embryo only applies after implantation.) At the blastocyst ... Within the blastocyst, there are two types of cells. In the interior is the inner cell mass, a portion of which will begin to ...

http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-a-blastocyst.htm

Observation that the blastocysts collapsed after biopsy, yet maintained viability, led to the hypothesis that the collapsed ... Biopsies were obtained without affecting the pregnancy rate of the blastocysts after transfer. Genetic analysis after whole ... Further work showed that vitrification of collapsed blastocysts using an ethylene glycol-containing medium was associated with ... we developed a technique to puncture the capsule and obtain cells from the trophoblast of expanded equine blastocysts, using ...

https://www.ivis.org/library/sft/sft-theriogenology-annual-conference-milwaukee-2011/biopsy-and-vitrification-of-equine-expanded-blastocysts

The cells inside the blastocyst are called the inner cell mass and give rise to the head, body, and other structures vital to ... By 4 to 5 days, a cavity forms within this ball of cells and the embryo is then called a blastocyst. ... The Morula and Blastocyst. Select Subtitle Language. 88 languages available. Afrikaans. Albanian (Tosk) [Shqip]. Arabic [عربي] ...

https://www.ehd.org/movies.php?mov_id=6

For example, a blastocyst quality grade of 4AB means that the blastocyst is expanded (grade 4), has many tightly packed cells ... This blastocyst grading system assigns 3 separate quality scores to each blastocyst embryo: ... Blastocyst Hatching out of Zona (shell) = Grade 5. (I) Inner Cell mass = Grade A (Very Good). (T) Trophectoderm = Grade A (Very ... Blastocyst completely hatched = Grade 6. (I) Inner Cell mass = Grade A (Very Good). (T) Trophectoderm = Grade A (Very Good) ...

https://www.drmalpani.com/blogs/blastocystimages

Study of the Best Blastocyst Post Transfer by aCGH. The recruitment status of this study is unknown. The completion date has ... Clinical pregnancy [ Time Frame: Five weeks after blastocyst transfer ]. Gestational sac with a heartbeat ... Trophectoderm molecular karyotype [ Time Frame: After blastocyst transfer ]. Trophectoderm ploidy Imbalanced chromosome ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01664546?recr=Open&cond=%22Stillbirth%22&rank=7

The mammalian blastocyst is a hollow ball of cells containing two cell types, the inner cell mass and the trophectoderm[GO]. ... The mammalian blastocyst is a hollow ball of cells containing two cell types, the inner cell mass and the trophectoderm[GO]. ... Gilbert fig11.32 has blastocyst has giving rise to ICM and trophoblast (which in this source is a synonym for trophectoderm) ... Editors note: Gilbert fig11.32 has blastocyst has giving rise to ICM and trophoblast (which in this source is a synonym for ...

https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/CCONT?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.obolibrary.org%2Fobo%2FUBERON_0000358

What is blastocyst transfer? Meaning of blastocyst transfer as a legal term. What does blastocyst transfer mean in law? ... Definition of blastocyst transfer in the Legal Dictionary - by Free online English dictionary and encyclopedia. ... Blastocyst Stage Cryopreservation: Blastocyst freezing has three major rationales: (1) the superiority of blastocyst-stage over ... Overall Blastocyst Quality, Trophectoderm Grade, and Inner Cell Mass Grade Predict Pregnancy Outcome in Euploid Blastocyst ...

https://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/blastocyst+transfer

Home > Groups > Getting Pregnant > Fertility Treatments > Only one 5day blastocyst so far ... As of day 7, we have one more blastocyst, hatching 5BB, for PGS. So two total (4BB and 5BB) sent for PGS testing today with ... Obviously hoping desperately for all three to grow to blastocysts day 6. Then we are send for pgs testing, for hopeful FET next ... 10 embryos on day 3, which has dwindled to one 4BB blastocyst today day 5. Three more compacting as of today. ...

https://www.whattoexpect.com/forums/fertility-treatments/topic/only-one-5day-blastocyst-so-far-63897372.html

Many people undergoing in vitro fertilization prefer blastocyst transfer as an alternative to three-day embryo transfer. (wisegeek.org)
We aimed to determine whether blastocyst stage (day 5 to 6) embryo transfer improves live birth rates following fresh transfer and cumulative pregnancy rates (following fresh and frozen-thawed cycles) compared with cleavage stage (day 2 to 3) transfer. (cochrane.org)
Advances in cell culture media have led to a shift in in vitro fertilisation (IVF) practice from cleavage stage embryo transfer to blastocyst stage transfer. (cochrane.org)
One such advancement in IVF therapy is blastocyst transfer, also known as day five embryo transfer. (ecommunity.com)
Embryos are carefully analyzed, graded, and, in a single embryo transfer, the highest graded blastocyst is selected for transfer into the mother. (fertilityauthority.com)
Through live-cell imaging, single embryo transfer, and genome sequencing at single-cell resolution, we demonstrated that early chromosomal segregation error resulting in aneuploidy in mouse pre-implantation embryos is a developmental risk to the blastocyst, but some blastocysts retain their developmental potential. (nature.com)
With blastocyst implantation, unlike a day three embryo which must continue to develop following embryo transfer, a transferred blastocyst will implant much more quickly. (londonwomensclinic.com)
Following a blastocyst embryo transfer, a pregnancy test is usually arranged twelve days later. (londonwomensclinic.com)
This means that there are often additional blastocysts remaining after embryo transfer. (londonwomensclinic.com)
Currently, scientific reports indicate that the chances of pregnancy using blastocysts that have been vitrified is almost equal to those used in a fresh embryo transfer cycle. (londonwomensclinic.com)
Frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles: clinical outcomes of single and double blastocyst transfers. (biomedsearch.com)
PURPOSE: To evaluate clinical outcomes of frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles when one or two blastocysts are transferred. (biomedsearch.com)
The blastocyst culture and day 5 embryo transfer procedure for in vitro fertilization facilitates selection of the best quality embryos for transfer to the uterus of the mother. (indiasurgerytour.com)
With blastocyst embryo transfer, we can transfer fewer embryos - reducing risks for multiple pregnancy - while keeping overall pregnancy rates high. (indiasurgerytour.com)
Therefore, if in vitro culture conditions are maximized so that healthy blastocysts form at a high rate, then blastocyst embryo transfer can be done on day 5 - at a more "natural" time for the embryos to be in the uterus, and very shortly before actual invasion and embryo implantation. (indiasurgerytour.com)
Association between growth dynamics, morphological parameters, the chromosomal status of the blastocysts, and clinical outcomes in IVF PGS cycles with single embryo transfer. (springer.com)
We examined the cytotoxic effects of dillapiole, a phenylpropanoid with antileishmanial, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and acaricidal activities, on the blastocyst stage of mouse embryos, subsequent embryonic attachment and outgrowth in vitro , and in vivo implantation via embryo transfer. (mdpi.com)
We investigated 263 cycles of vitrified-warmed blastocyst stage embryo transfer performed between April 2005 and April 2009, which were reviewed retrospectively. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Cycles of vitrified-warmed blastocyst stage embryo transfer performed between April 2005 and April 2009 were reviewed retrospectively. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Conclusion(s): In our day 3 embryo transfer program, G1.2/G2.2 media were superior to Sydney IVF media, whereas both media yielded similar outcomes in our blastocyst transfer program. (ac.be)
The study confirms prior work that has shown blastocyst transfer at day 5 to have superior transplantation rates, compared with conventional embryo transfer at day 3, without increasing multiple-order gestations, said Dr. (thefreedictionary.com)
Participants who presented for assisted reproductive techniques were given the option of standard embryo transfer at day 3 or blastocyst transfer at day 5. (thefreedictionary.com)

Mammalian preimplantation development involves two lineage specifications: first, the CDX2-expressing trophectoderm (TE) and a pluripotent inner cell mass (ICM) are separated during blastocyst formation. (pnas.org)
Blastocysts are given a quality grade for each of the 3 components and the score is expressed with the expansion grade listed first, the inner cell mass grade listed second and the trophectoderm grade third. (drmalpani.com)
For example, a blastocyst quality grade of 4AB means that the blastocyst is expanded (grade 4), has many tightly packed cells in the inner cell mass (grade A), and has a trophectoderm with few cells forming a loose epithelium (grade B). See the examples of blastocyst grading pictures below. (drmalpani.com)
The mammalian blastocyst is a hollow ball of cells containing two cell types, the inner cell mass and the trophectoderm[GO]. (bioontology.org)
The Hippo pathway modulates the transcriptional activity of Yap to regulate the differentiation of the inner cell mass (ICM) and the trophectoderm (TE) in blastocysts. (sigmaaldrich.com)
A retrospective cohort analysis of 829 D5 and 472 D6 blastocysts from 460 patients who underwent in vitro fertilization (IVF) with next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A). The quantity of trophectoderm mtDNA was extrapolated from the NGS data, followed by the analysis of mean mtDNA levels between D5 and D6 blastocysts of the same ploidy (aneuploid/euploid) and transfer outcomes (positive/negative clinical pregnancy). (springer.com)
Trophectoderm mtDNA level was independent of maternal age and blastocyst morphology grades. (springer.com)
The Saturn 5™ laser, the world's first directional laser specifically designed for ART, is now approved for use for embryo biopsies, trophectoderm biopsies and blastocyst collapsing, in addition to assisted hatching (thinning and ablation). (ivf.net)
There are three cell lineages in the blastocyst stage of human embryo development: trophectoderm, primitive endoderm, and epiblast. (ca.gov)
Human preimplantation embryo development involves complex cellular and molecular events that lead to the establishment of three cell lineages in the blastocyst: trophectoderm, primitive endoderm, and epiblast. (ca.gov)
Peter J. Hansen , UF Department of Animal Sciences and D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Research Program, led the study that determined, for the first time, global gene expression patterns in the inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) isolated from bovine blastocysts. (ufl.edu)
Thompson SM, Onwubalili N, Brown K, Jindal SK, PG MG. Blastocyst expansion score and trophectoderm morphology strongly predict successful clinical pregnancy and live birth following elective single embryo blastocyst transfer (eSET): a national study. (springermedizin.de)
Trophectoderm grade predicts outcomes of single-blastocyst transfers. (springermedizin.de)
The number of biopsied trophectoderm cells is likely to affect the implantation potential of blastocysts with poor trophectoderm quality. (stembook.org)
5. Trophectoderm biopsy will be performed when the embryo will reach the expanded blastocyst stage. (isrctn.com)
The blastocyst consists of cells forming an outer trophectoderm (TE, trophoblast ) layer, an inner cell mass (ICM, embryo blast) and a blastocoel (fluid-filled cavity). (edu.au)
Physiological profile of undifferentiated bovine blastocyst-derived trophoblasts [7] "Trophectoderm of blastocysts mediate early events in fetal-maternal communication, enabling implantation and establishment of a functional placenta. (edu.au)

Embedding of the blastocyst into the endometrium requires that it hatches from the zona pellucida, which prevents adherence to the fallopian tube as the pre-embryo makes its way to the uterus. (wikipedia.org)
The use of blastocysts in in vitro fertilization (IVF) involves culturing a fertilized egg for five days before transferring it into the uterus. (wikipedia.org)
In the uterus the zona pellucida surrounding the blastocyst breaks down, allowing it to implant into the uterine wall approximately 6 days after fertilization. (wikipedia.org)
This removes the constraint on the physical size of the embryonic mass and exposes the outer cells of the blastocyst to the interior of the uterus. (wikipedia.org)
The period of preimplantation development in mammals, extending from egg fertilization to implantation of the blastocyst in the uterus, is a key stage during which the first three major cell lineages of the embryo and its extraembryonic membranes are set aside. (jci.org)
Despite some confused media reports, the Oregon scientists did not clone a human embryo but a blastocyst that lacks some of the cells needed to implant in a uterus. (nationalreview.com)
Embryos from assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs, e.g. in vitro fertilisation (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), thawed embryo cycles) are commonly transferred into a woman's uterus at either the cleavage stage (day 2 to 3 after egg collection) or blastocyst stage (day 5 to 6 after egg collection). (cochrane.org)
Until recently, most ART cycles transferred embryos at cleavage stage, however there has been a trend to transferring embryos at the blastocyst stage as this timing is about the same as natural cycle embryos moving into the uterus. (cochrane.org)
A critical point during mammalian pregnancy is the implantation of the blastocyst when the embryo attaches to the wall of the uterus. (nih.gov)
Computer artwork of a blastocyst embryo implanted in the wall of the uterus (womb). (sciencephoto.com)
The blastocyst stage is the point at which the embryo normally exists within the uterus and is usually capable of implantation. (ecommunity.com)
With blastocyst transfer, fewer embryos are transferred to the uterus, which limits the possibility of high-order multiple pregnancies that often put the mother and babies at risk. (ecommunity.com)
Over the course of time, advancements and improvements in IVF culture conditions have enabled embryos to be cultured successfully to the blastocyst stage (a day 5 or 6 embryo) and therefore transferred into the uterus at a more "natural" time. (fertilityauthority.com)
Embryo implantation is a highly synchronized bioprocess between an activated blastocyst and a receptive uterus. (mdpi.com)
Yet one study presented at the conjoint annual meetings of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine and the Canadian Fertility and Andrology Society raises some concerns that blastocyst transfer has led to an increase in the number of women whose embryos all die in the lab before they can be transferred to the uterus. (thefreedictionary.com)
In a natural cycle, an embryo develops into the blastocyst stage as it is leaving the fallopian tubes and entering the uterus. (manchesterfertility.com)
An embryo needs to have reached blastocyst stage once it arrives in the uterus, to ensure proper implantation. (manchesterfertility.com)

Irvine Scientific, a pioneer in developing products specifically for the Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) community, announced today that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved their products intended for vitrification of pronuclear (PN) zygotes through day 3 cleavage and blastocyst stage embryos within the fertility area. (news-medical.net)
Called comprehensive chromosome screening with vitrification, it involves taking a few cells from a blastocyst - an embryo just five or six days old. (thefreedictionary.com)
Supernumerary blastocysts can also be successfully cryopreserved using vitrification so that pregnancies can be achieved after thawing. (drmalpani.com)
Further work showed that vitrification of collapsed blastocysts using an ethylene glycol-containing medium was associated with high pregnancy rates after transfer (71% of embryos produced pregnancies that developed normally to the heartbeat stage), thus providing the first successful procedure for cryopreservation of expanded equine blastocysts. (ivis.org)
Subject: polyethylene glycol and blastocyst vitrification Authors Ohboshi S. Fujihara N. Yoshida T. Tomogane H. Institution Department of Animal Science, Nippon Veterinary and Animal Science University, Tokyo, Japan. (cryonet.org)
Title Usefulness of polyethylene glycol for cryopreservation by vitrification of in vitro-derived bovine blastocysts. (cryonet.org)
Abstract A series of five experiments measured the high survival of bovine blastocysts produced in vitro after cryopreservation by vitrification. (cryonet.org)
These results indicated that a vitrification solution containing polyethylene glycol can be used for cryopreservation of bovine blastocysts produced in vitro, and that a two-step addition of VS improved the in vitro survival of post-warming embryos. (cryonet.org)
Especially, one main advancement is the improvement of culture conditions, allowing thus many fertilized eggs to proceed into blastocyst stage and secondly, vitrification of embryos has allowed excellent survival without any impact on their quality ( 1 - 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
In the present report, perinatal outcomes for transfers of cryopreserved blastocysts by a vitrification method were examined with respect to the day of blastocyst expansion among on day 5, 6 or 7 before cryopreservation. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)

Here, we evaluated this relationship by live-cell imaging using the histone H2B-mCherry probe and subsequent single blastocyst transfer using mouse embryos obtained by in vitro fertilization. (nature.com)
A blastocyst is an embryo created during in vitro fertilization that has been grown in the laboratory for five to six days. (ivf1.com)
Blastocyst culture and transfer is a new important technique developed for in vitro fertilization (IVF) that maximizes pregnancy rates while minimizing the risk of multiple pregnancy. (lifeissues.net)

In humans, blastocyst formation begins about 5 days after fertilization when a fluid-filled cavity opens up in the morula, the early embryonic stage of a ball of 16 cells. (wikipedia.org)
During human embryonic development, approximately 5-6 days after fertilization, the cells of the morula begin to undergo cell differentiation, and the morula changes into the blastocyst. (wikipedia.org)
Karyotopic and cell number analysis of 3.5 day post coitum preimplantation mouse embryos was used to determine whether XY embryos had more cells than XX embryos at the late morula/early blastocyst stage. (biologists.org)
Embryos were recovered from both systems at approximately 30 hpi (2-cell), 2 (4-cell), 3 (8-cell), 4 (16-cell), 5 (early morula), 6 (compact morula), or 7 (blastocyst) days post insemination. (bioone.org)
Analysis of gene expression indicated that differentiation of blastomeres of the morula-stage embryo into the ICM and TE of the blastocyst is accompanied by differences between the two cell lineages in expression of genes controlling metabolic processes, endocytosis, hatching from the zona pellucida, paracrine and endocrine signaling with the mother, and genes supporting the changes in cellular architecture, stemness, and hematopoiesis necessary for development of the trophoblast. (ufl.edu)
One of the first key developmental patterning decisions in the morula to blastocyst development is TE or ICM cell fate. (edu.au)

The outer layer of trophoblast cells, resulting from compaction, pumps sodium ions into blastocyst, which causes water to enter through osmosis and form the internal fluid-filled blastocyst cavity (blastocoel). (wikipedia.org)
The blastocoel cavity begins to form inside the embryo beginning at the 32-cell stage and continues to expand as the embryo grows and matures into the late blastocyst stage. (jci.org)
Later on, lineage segregation and likely commitment are completed with the sequestration of PrE cells to the surface of the ICM, which lies at the blastocyst cavity roof. (springer.com)
By 4 to 5 days, a cavity forms within this ball of cells and the embryo is then called a blastocyst. (ehd.org)
Embryologists cultured embryos to the blastocyst stage a stage where there is a central fluid-filled cavity and 2 distinct cell types, and cells have just begun to differentiate. (pacificfertilitycenter.com)
This differentiation can not be seen with the microscope in the early blastocyst with a small cavity but is well visualized in an expanded blastocyst. (indiasurgerytour.com)
The self-organisation of a fertilised egg to form a blastocyst structure, which consists of three distinct cell lineages (trophoblast, epiblast and hypoblast) arranged around an off-centre cavity, is unique to mammals. (preprints.org)

The number of embryos or blastocysts transferred in each cycle was captured, but embryo and blastocyst transfers were not reported separately. (thefreedictionary.com)
However, most good clinics have moved on to doing day five (blastocyst ) transfers routinely. (drmalpani.com)
For one thing, blastocysts have a better chance of implantation, which means the success rate with blastocyst transfers is higher as compared with Day 2 or 3 transfers. (drmalpani.com)
This also allows the doctor to reduce the number of embryos he transfers, so he can actually transfer just one or two blastocysts, and still have as good a pregnancy rate as compared to transferring three or four Day 3 embryos. (drmalpani.com)
Our IVF program and some others are currently doing blastocyst transfers in selected cases. (advancedfertility.com)
Because of this "selection bias" for the better cases, pregnancy rates would be expected to be higher with blastocyst transfers as compared to day 3 transfers. (advancedfertility.com)
To determine whether blastocyst stage (day 5 to 6) embryo transfers improve the live birth rate, and other associated outcomes, compared with cleavage stage (day 2 to 3) embryo transfers. (cochrane.org)
Cleavage stage embryos or blastocyst transfers were performed afterwards. (thefreedictionary.com)
Recent reports show that more fertility clinics in the country implement the procedure of blastocyst transfers to decrease the risk of multiple births from IVF . (sdfertility.com)
Learn more about blastocyst transfers . (sdfertility.com)
Only single vitrified blastocyst transfers were included. (frontiersin.org)
Day 5 versus day 6 blastocyst transfers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical outcomes. (springer.com)
Mitochondrial DNA quantification as a tool for embryo viability assessment: retrospective analysis of data from single euploid blastocysts transfers. (springer.com)
There were 144 cycles with day-5 blastocyst, 100 cycles with day-6 blastocyst, and 19 cycles with day-7 blastocyst transfers. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Case reports of both fresh and cryopreserved embryo transfers have confirmed that day-7 blastocysts may still be viable [ 6 - 8 ]. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)

Earlier studies have shown that this test can select oocytes with superior quality in some species such as the pig, goat, bovine, mouse, and dog in terms of nuclear maturation, cleavage rate and blastocyst yield (Ericsson et al. (thefreedictionary.com)
The ultrastructure of bovine morulae and blastocysts developed from in vitro-matured and -fertilized oocytes in a serum-supplemented medium was compared with that of morulae and blastocysts collected non-surgically from superovulated cows. (springer.com)
In this study, we developed methods for culturing undifferentiated bovine blastocyst-derived trophoblasts and used both transcriptomics and proteomics in early colonies to categorize and elucidate their functional characteristics. (edu.au)

Which couples are most appropriate for transferring only one high quality blastocyst? (advancedfertility.com)
Transferring blastocysts, which are slightly older, can be a more effective option because they tend to be more stable than three-day embryos and more likely to result in a pregnancy. (wisegeek.org)
Transferring embryos that have developed to blastocyst stage should help improve pregnancy rates, because we know the embryo has developed to a more advanced stage of development. (ecommunity.com)
Generally, with blastocyst transfer excellent pregnancy rates can be achieved by transferring only two embryos. (ecommunity.com)
Transferring embryos at the blastocyst stage will maintain the highest chance for pregnancy while keeping the risk for multiple pregnancy low. (ivf1.com)
CONCLUSIONS: Transferring two blastocysts during an FBT cycle resulted in higher live birth and twin live birth rates. (biomedsearch.com)
Transferring blastocysts following IVF also provides another potential benefit - reduction of the possibility of multiple pregnancy. (indiasurgerytour.com)

The outer layer of the blastocyst consists of cells collectively called the trophoblast. (wikipedia.org)
The blastocoel, trophoblast cells, and inner cell mass cells are hallmarks of the blastocyst. (wikipedia.org)
Once bound to the extracellular matrix of the endometrium, trophoblast cells secrete enzymes and other factors to embed the blastocyst into the uterine wall. (wikipedia.org)
The trophoblast is a layer of cells forming the outer ring of the blastocyst that combines with the maternal endometrium to form the placenta. (wikipedia.org)
Recently, we developed a technique to puncture the capsule and obtain cells from the trophoblast of expanded equine blastocysts, using micromanipulation with the Piezo drill. (ivis.org)
The outer sphere of the blastocyst is called the trophoblast. (ivf1.com)
The blastocysts, both in vivo and in vitro, showed a clear differentiation of trophoblast cells and inner cell mass (ICM)-cells. (springer.com)
In the in vivo-derived blastocyst, the apical membrane of trophoblast cells was covered with large, numerous microvilli and well-developed junctional complexes were observed. (springer.com)
In vitro-developed blastocysts showed less well-developed junctional complexes between trophoblast cells, less well-developed apical microvilli on the trophoblast cells, and contained large numbers of lipid droplets. (springer.com)
When mouse blastocysts are placed in culture they adhere to extracellular matrix, and trophoblast giant cells migrate out onto the matrix and degrade it. (biologists.org)
The blastocyst formation which possesses an inner cell mass (ICM), or embryoblast, which subsequently forms the embryo, and an outer layer of cells, or trophoblast, which later forms the placenta. (dnatube.com)

Data for the Early Embryo Viability Assessment (Eeva(TM)) Test demonstrate that transfer of embryos at Day 3 resulted in comparable clinical outcomes to blastocyst stage (Day 5 of development after fertilisation) transfer when the Eeva(TM) Test is used in combination with review of embryo shape and structure (morphology) to improve embryo assessment. (thefreedictionary.com)
EPS-blastoids resembled blastocysts in morphology and cell-lineage allocation a. (bioportfolio.com)
A non-selection prospective randomised controlled trial to define the real influence of morphology and developmental rate of euploid blastocysts on ongoing implantation rate. (isrctn.com)
Morphology will be evaluated accordingly to Gardner and Schoolcraft (1994) and blastocysts will be grouped into four classes (poor, average, good and excellent morphology). (isrctn.com)

Outcomes of morphologically different blastocysts transferred in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles of women undergoing preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) will be compared. (isrctn.com)

Day 6 frozen Blastocyst transfer anyone? (bubhub.com.au)
If the blastocysts are of good quality they can be stored for use in a frozen embryo replacement cycle (FET or FERC) at a later date. (londonwomensclinic.com)
RESULTS: Two hundred forty-three frozen blastocyst transfer (FBT) cycles were analyzed. (biomedsearch.com)
When the fresh cycle was unsuccessful, there still was a significant increase in twinning when two frozen-thawed blastocysts were transferred. (biomedsearch.com)
Of the live births following a frozen single euploid blastocyst transfer, 239 were females and 296 were males an approximate 10 percent disparity. (pacificfertilitycenter.com)
Altered Live Birth Gender Ratio Following Frozen Single Euploid Blastocyst Transfer. (pacificfertilitycenter.com)
The included patients were 18-39 years and achieved clinical pregnancy and/or live birth or had all their vitrified blastocysts transferred in subsequent frozen-thawed cycles. (frontiersin.org)
group VII: ≥8 blastocysts frozen), according to the numerical range or to the absolute number of vitrified blastocysts, respectively. (frontiersin.org)
The main outcome of the study was the CLBR achieved by frozen-thawed ETs, according to the number of the vitrified blastocysts. (frontiersin.org)
Higher CLBR are expected, when at least 3 blastocysts are formed (group B: 65.2%) and at least 2 frozen-thawed ETs are performed, reaching highest rates (88%) by group D (≥7 vitrified blastocysts). (frontiersin.org)
However, there is still a lack of evidence as to whether a frozen blastocyst transfer could also provide any advantage over a fresh blastocyst transfer. (springermedizin.de)
A randomized trial is warranted to test the efficacy and safety of the strategy of single frozen blastocyst transfer. (springermedizin.de)
This study is a multicenter randomized controlled trial comparing the efficacy and safety of single frozen blastocyst transfer with single fresh blastocyst transfer in women with a good prognosis. (springermedizin.de)
According to the study hypothesis, conventional parameters of blastocyst evaluation do not relate with implantation during euploid frozen blastocyst transfer cycles. (isrctn.com)

About seven days after fertilization, the blastocyst undergoes implantation, embedding into the endometrium of the uterine wall. (wikipedia.org)
Mammalian preimplantation development, which is the period extending from fertilization to implantation, results in the formation of a blastocyst with three distinct cell lineages. (jci.org)
A healthy blastocyst should begin hatching from its outer shell, called the zona pellucida by the end of the sixth day after fertilization. (indiasurgerytour.com)
In humans, blastocyst stage of development occurs during the first and second week following fertilization ( GA week 3 and 4) and is described initially as Carnegie stage 3 . (edu.au)

Significant gains have been made in our understanding of the major events of mouse preimplantation development, and recent discoveries have shed new light on the establishment of the three blastocyst lineages. (jci.org)
Here, we review what has been learned from the mouse about the major events of mammalian preimplantation development and discuss recent work that has shed new insight on how the three blastocyst lineages come to be established. (jci.org)
Here we will focus on the EPI and PrE cell lineages, which arise within the inner cell mass (ICM) of the blastocyst. (springer.com)
Human blastocyst-derived, pluripotent cell lines are described that have normal karyotypes, express high levels of telomerase activity, and express cell surface markers that characterize primate embryonic stem cells but do not characterize other early lineages. (sciencemag.org)

The inner cell mass of blastocysts is the source of embryonic stem cells, which are broadly applicable in stem cell therapies including cell repair, replacement and regeneration. (wikipedia.org)
We demonstrated that, similar to human development but in contrast to mouse development, OCT4 is required for maintaining NANOG-positive epiblast cells in the inner cell mass of blastocysts. (pnas.org)

This is the group who's at much higher risk for IVF failure because they are more likely to have embryos which arrest and do not reach the blastocyst stage. (drmalpani.com)
In order to enable the embryos to reach the blastocyst stage, the culture dishes containing the embryos and the media are maintained in an incubator where the atmosphere, humidity, and temperature are carefully monitored and controlled. (ivf1.com)
Only a small percentage of embryos will reach the blastocyst stage. (ivf1.com)

The single blastocyst transfer method involves bathing an embryo in a culture of nutrients for five days, until it reaches the blastocyst stage of development. (ivf.net)
Once the embryo reaches the blastocyst stage, the embryologist can better evaluate the quality of the embryo and to increase the chance of implanting successfully resulting in higher success rates. (sdfertility.com)

Observation that the blastocysts collapsed after biopsy, yet maintained viability, led to the hypothesis that the collapsed blastocyst might be successfully vitrified. (ivis.org)
Accurate diagnosis and the enhanced safety with biopsy at the blastocyst stage have resulted in increased implantation and delivery rates and have led to the further development and use of CCS. (fertilityauthority.com)
When using CCS during an IVF cycle, the embryos undergo biopsy at the blastocyst stage to identify euploid embryos. (fertilityauthority.com)
Samantha Knight, Lead Embryologist at London Fertility Centre, UK, who has been using the Saturn 5™ directional laser since 2012 said "We have been using the Saturn 5 Active™ laser system for assisted hatching, blastomere biopsy and blastocyst collapsing. (ivf.net)
Also, developmental rate will be considered and blastocysts will be grouped into two classes (faster growing if reaching a stage compatible with biopsy on day 5 of embryo development, slower growing if reaching the same stage on day 6 or 7). (isrctn.com)

Females lacking a functional LIF gene are fertile, but their blastocysts fail to implant and do not develop. (nih.gov)
The blastocysts, however, are viable and, when transferred to wild-type pseudopregnant recipients, they can implant and develop to term. (nih.gov)
The blastocyst transfer or " Day5 Transfer " allows fertilized eggs to grow for an additional 2 days past the standard three-day incubation to the point where it is ready to implant. (sdfertility.com)
The advantages of extended culture and blastocyst transfer is that it allows us to select the embryo for transfer which has the greatest potential to implant. (manchesterfertility.com)

Promotion of Human Early Embryonic Development and Blastocyst Outgrowth In Vitro Using Autocrine/Paracrine Growth Factors. (ca.gov)
In this study, key polypeptide ligands known to be important for early embryonic development in animal models were tested for their ability to improve human early embryo development and blastocyst outgrowth in vitro. (ca.gov)

An advantage of extending culture to the blastocyst stage is that the embryologists can more accurately identify the best quality embryos, thereby reducing the number of embryos needed to be transferred. (fertilityauthority.com)
In order to improve the selection of the embryo, extended culture to the blastocyst stage has been increasingly utilized. (springermedizin.de)

This critical substrate change is thought to be due to the biosynthetic and developmental demands placed on the embryo as the blastocyst creates the fluid-filled blastocoel and prepares for implantation. (pnas.org)
A blastocyst that had a collapsed blastocoel also showed high levels of TRP53 compared to morphologically normal blastocysts. (altmetric.com)

Mammalian preimplantation blastocysts exhibit insulin-stimulated glucose uptake despite the absence of the only known insulin-regulated transporter, GLUT4. (pnas.org)
Objective To explore the regulation of mammalian embryo implantation, we investigated the expression of Lysozyme 1(LYZ1) in normal hatching murine blastocysts and dormant embryos before and after superovulation. (cnki.com.cn)

Cdx2 becomes upregulated in outside, future TE cells, starting at the 32-cell stage, while Oct4 expression becomes limited to the ICM in the early blastocyst stage. (jci.org)
The egg "reprograms" the DNA in the donor cell to an embryonic state and divides until it has reached the early, blastocyst stage. (nationalreview.com)

Some 2 or 3-day-old embryos do not have the capacity to become high quality blastocysts and a viable pregnancy. (indiasurgerytour.com)
7-fold increase in the proportion of high quality blastocysts based on Gardner's criteria. (ca.gov)

Extended culture of embryos is called blastocyst culture and involves keeping embryos in the laboratory for an extra two days until Day Five. (argc.co.uk)

Blastocoele expansion degree predicts live birth after single blastocyst transfer for fresh and vitrified/warmed single blastocyst transfer cycles. (thefreedictionary.com)
Thus, although there is a benefit favouring blastocyst transfer in fresh cycles, it remains unclear whether the day of transfer impacts on cumulative rates of live birth and pregnancy. (cochrane.org)
A retrospective cohort study of first fresh autologous IVF cycles from 05/2012 to 09/2016, with ≥ 3 blastocysts, resulting in a single blastocyst transfer ( n = 819) was performed. (springermedizin.de)

The top fertility clinic in Denver, Rocky Mountain Fertility Center, is now offering preimplantation genetic diagnosis testing of day 5 blastocyst embryos. (prweb.com)
A team led by Dr Amin Milki from Stanford University, reporting in the journal Fertility and Sterility, announced that half of the women they had studied became pregnant after undergoing the single blastocyst transfer method. (ivf.net)
Unlike other fertility clinics, the San Diego Fertility Center has been using the blastocyst transfer as one of the standard IVF techniques for years. (sdfertility.com)
At Manchester Fertility we offer patients the option of extended culture and blastocyst transfer. (manchesterfertility.com)

The embryos are then known as blastocysts. (londonwomensclinic.com)
Embryos which develop for this longer period are known as blastocysts. (manchesterfertility.com)

GLUT1 is present throughout the preimplantation period, which begins with the one-cell embryo and ends with the blastocyst stage. (pnas.org)
The effect of glucose and insulin on the in vitro development of the rat preimplantation embryo was studied by incubating rat blastocysts recovered on days 5 or 6 of pregnancy in the absence or presence of increasing levels of glucose and/or insulin for 24 or 48 h. (diabetesjournals.org)
She is one of the primary authors of the forthcoming ASRM Committee Opinion publication, Clinical management of mosaic results from preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) of blastocysts. (sart.org)

These results suggest that early chromosome segregation error causing micronuclei formation affects ploidy and development to blastocyst but does not necessarily cause developmental failure after the blastocyst stage. (nature.com)
Main Outcome Measure(s): Developmental stage on day 3, blastocyst rate, pregnancy outcome as assessed by βhCG positive test, implantation rates, and ongoing pregnancies. (ac.be)

Artus J, Piliszek A, Hadjantonakis AK (2011) The primitive endoderm lineage of the mouse blastocyst: sequential transcription factor activation and regulation of differentiation by Sox17. (springer.com)
Starting from a single stem cell type, extended pluripotent stem (EPS) cells, we established a 3D differentiation system that enabled the generation of blastocyst-like structures (EPS-blastoids) through lineage segregation and self-organization. (bioportfolio.com)
Examination of plastic-embedded rhesus monkey and baboon blastocysts through the implantation period has provided information on normal differentiation and development. (springer.com)
The blastocysts show many features in common with non-primate laboratory animals, including differentiation of endoderm and its extension beyond the inner cell mass prior to implantation. (springer.com)

Furthermore, hormonal changes in the mother, specifically a peak in luteinizing hormone (LH), prepare the endometrium to receive and envelop the blastocyst. (wikipedia.org)
The enzymes released degrade the endometrial lining, while autocrine growth factors such as human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) allow the blastocyst to further invade the endometrium. (wikipedia.org)
however, the key mediators downstream of these hormones that act on blastocyst competency and endometrium receptivity acquisition are largely unknown. (mdpi.com)
Collectively, our study presents that estrogen regulates OPN expression and it may play an important role during embryo implantation by activating blastocyst competence and facilitating the endometrium acceptable for active blastocyst. (mdpi.com)
Shaffer's method of organ culture has been adapted to the needs of the present investigation and it has been found that somewhat more than half of the rabbit blastocysts, explanted on strips of endometrium and incubated on them as combined explants, became implanted within 48 to 72 h. (royalsocietypublishing.org)

There was low quality evidence for live birth and moderate for clinical pregnancy that fresh blastocyst stage transfer is associated with higher rates than fresh cleavage stage transfer. (cochrane.org)
This suggests that if 29% of women achieve live birth after fresh cleavage stage transfer, between 32% and 42% would do so after fresh blastocyst stage transfer. (cochrane.org)

Blastocyst development rate influences implantation and live birth rates of similarly graded euploid blastocysts. (springer.com)

Using the BO-IVF media system, laboratories can benefit from this extensive combined portfolio of knowledge of EmbryoTrans Biotech by achieving higher blastocyst rates, more robust blastocysts and thereby a higher pregnancy rate. (thefreedictionary.com)
Biopsies were obtained without affecting the pregnancy rate of the blastocysts after transfer. (ivis.org)
CONCLUSION: We believe that blastocyst transfer is a valuable tool that has enabled IVF programs to more accurately select the embryos with the highest potential for implantation [13] allowing for a good pregnancy rate while avoiding high order multiple gestations. (thefreedictionary.com)
D5 blastocysts had significantly higher euploidy rate and clinical pregnancy rate when compared with D6 blastocysts. (springer.com)
There were no differences among the vitrified day-5, day-6 and day-7 blastocyst transfer groups regarding mean number of embryos transferred, pregnancy rate, implantation rate and miscarriage rate. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
These results suggest that differences in pregnancy rate between fresh and cryopreserved day-6 blastocysts attributed to reduced embryo quality with slower development may instead result from impaired endometrial receptivity by the time more slowly growing embryos develop to the stage at which implantation is possible. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)

Day 12: Blastocyst outgrowth is checked for the presence of a distinct inner cell mass (ICM). (mdanderson.org)
Growth factor treatment also led to a 2-fold promotion of blastocyst outgrowth in vitro when day 7 surplus hatching blastocysts were used. (ca.gov)

It may be associated with the sequential culture medium used for blastocyst transfer , or it may be the result of early changes that occur during processing, said Dr. (thefreedictionary.com)

The blastocyst is a structure formed in the early development of mammals. (wikipedia.org)
As for the blastocyst , the term describes an embryo's stage of development, not a different thing than an embryo. (thefreedictionary.com)
Two major advances in stem cell research occurring in 2013 and 2014 pave the way for eventual mitochondrial replacement therapy: (1) successful cloning of a human to the blastocyst stage of development, and (2) transformation of specialized mouse, somatic cells into totipotent cells. (thefreedictionary.com)
B ) Development is similar in the early human embryo, although compaction occurs at the 16-cell stage and the mutually exclusive expression patterns of CDX2 and OCT4 are not established until the late blastocyst stage. (jci.org)
The formulation of new laboratory culture media - the liquid in which the embryo is grown in vitro - has made it possible to "grow" embryos in vitro beyond the typical 2 to 3 day state of development , till they become blastocysts. (drmalpani.com)
A blastocyst is the final stage of the embryo's development before it hatches out of its shell (zona pellucida) and implants in the uterine wall. (drmalpani.com)
This mimics findings in OCT4-deficient human blastocysts but is in sharp contrast to Oct4 -null mouse blastocysts, where NANOG persists and PrE development fails. (pnas.org)
Presence of this transporter may be necessary for successful blastocyst development, fuel metabolism, and subsequent implantation. (pnas.org)
A blastocyst is a cellular mass that forms early in the process of embryo development in mammals. (wisegeek.org)
Dr. Gardner is well known for being first to develop a commercially available embryo culture media system that supported high rates of viable blastocyst development. (advancedfertility.com)
Blastocyst development requires culturing the embryos for two additional days in the laboratory. (ivf1.com)
The data suggest that insulin and glucose might interact and modulate blastocyst development as a function of their respective concentrations. (diabetesjournals.org)
To provide a comprehensive analysis of mtDNA quantity in D5 and D6 blastocysts, as well as a further insight to the origin of delayed blastocyst development. (springer.com)
Our data provided further evidence D5 blastocysts contained significantly greater mtDNA quantity than D6 blastocysts, and mtDNA quantity could be a key factor that affects the development rate of blastocysts. (springer.com)
2.5-fold the development of tri-pronuclear zygotes to blastocysts. (ca.gov)
The ability to grow embryos for five days to the blastocyst stage of development in the laboratory, rather than the traditional three days, allows clinicians to determine with greater certainty which embryos are really the "best" in terms of their potential for implantation. (lifeissues.net)
To be eligible for blastocyst culture, patients need to have a good number of embryos (ideally more than four) that are at the right stage of development on Day Three. (argc.co.uk)
Although this study failed in its primary objective, the results demonstrate that ovine blastocysts have the ability to maintain their development following a substantial reduction in cellular mass. (lincoln.ac.nz)
At least one study has suggested that blastocyst transfer may impair embryo development, leading researchers to suggest that it may be best for younger patients who have more high-quality embryos. (thefreedictionary.com)

We have seen records from some labs that give blastocysts a single letter grade, and no number at all. (advancedfertility.com)
A single mouse blastomere from an embryo until the 8-cell stage can generate an entire blastocyst. (bioportfolio.com)
Single vitrified blastocyst transfer maximizes liveborn children per embryo while minimizing preterm birth. (thefreedictionary.com)
He presented a 3-year retrospective study that examined live birth rates and twinning rates among 103 patients who had single blastocyst transfer (SBT) and 290 who had double blastocyst transfer (DBT). (thefreedictionary.com)
Single FBT provided acceptable pregnancy rates for couples seeking to avoid a multiple pregnancy or for those having a single blastocyst stored. (biomedsearch.com)
Elective single blastocyst transfer is more suitable for normal responders than for high responders. (biomedsearch.com)
The study reviewed data from 45 patients between the ages of 35 and 43, who had decided to use the single blastocyst transfer method, at the Stanford University Medical Centre. (ivf.net)
To evaluate the credibility of single blastocyst transfer (SBT) method in selected group of patients. (nih.gov)
Hi, I recently had a failed FET with a single 5 day blastocyst that was tested normal with PGS. (reproductivepartners.com)
Spatiotemporal Reconstruction of the Human Blastocyst by Single-Cell Gene-Expression Analysis Informs Induction of Naive Pluripotency. (ca.gov)
Home › About CIRM › Our Publications › Grantee publications › Spatiotemporal Reconstruction of the Human Blastocyst by Single-Cell Gene-Expression Analysis Informs Induction of Naive Pluripotency. (ca.gov)
We examine the gene expression of 241 single cells from early to late human blastocyst to tease out the gene expression changes. (ca.gov)
However, as far as is known, studies evaluating the relationship between the blastocyst age as late as on day 7 and embryo quality (independent of the timing of endometrial receptivity) are limited to a single report published by Richter et al . (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Essentially, in "blastocyst culture" several IVF-produced human embryos from a single patient are allowed to remain in culture longer than the traditional time in order to allow the "best" of the lot to survive the rest the "survival of the fittest" -- and then be implanted as a single human embryo. (lifeissues.net)

The embryo implantation process begins about 3 days later - after blastocyst formation and hatching out of the embryonic shell (called the zona pellucida) have occurred. (indiasurgerytour.com)

The blastocyst has a diameter of about 0.1-0.2 mm and comprises 200-300 cells following rapid cleavage (cell division). (wikipedia.org)
By the late blastocyst stage, while continuing to express Oct4 ubiquitously, the ICM contains a population of Nanog -positive EPI cells and a population of Gata6 -positive PE cells. (jci.org)
Genetically modified ES cells will be injected into C57Bl/6 or C57Bl/6 albino blastocysts. (mdanderson.org)
The likelihood of a targeted ES cell clone contributing to the germ-line is highly dependent on the quality of the ES cells injected into the blastocyst. (mdanderson.org)
Establishment of embryonic stem cells from rat blastocysts. (nih.gov)
Control blastocysts showed a typical salt-and-pepper distribution of NANOG- and GATA6-positive cells in the ICM. (pnas.org)
In contrast, NANOG was absent or very faint in the ICM of OCT4 KO blastocysts, and no cells expressing exclusively NANOG were observed. (pnas.org)
Within the blastocyst, there are two types of cells. (wisegeek.org)
It sounds like it would have to be if part of the blastocyst isn't even the baby at all, but just cells that are going to become the placenta. (wisegeek.org)
The cells inside the blastocyst are called the inner cell mass and give rise to the head, body, and other structures vital to the developing human. (ehd.org)
Blastocysts are Day 5 Embryos , where in they have more than 100 Cells in them. (drmalpani.com)
Building Blastocysts from Stem Cells. (bioportfolio.com)
2019) describe a novel way to generate blastocyst-like structures only from pluripotent stem cells. (bioportfolio.com)
By definition, a blastocyst is an embryo that has divided into hundreds of cells and is composed of two parts. (ivf1.com)
A preparation and a method of making composite blastocysts (CBs) from aggregates of dissociated cells of non-viable pre-embryos are disclosed. (google.es)
1 . A preparation of composite blastocysts (CBs) comprising cells derived from non-viable pre-embryos. (google.es)
Specifically, the field of the present invention is composite blastocysts formed following dissociation, selection, and aggregation of cells derived from discarded pre-embryos. (google.es)
The cells in a blastocyst have just started to differentiate. (indiasurgerytour.com)
Here, we examined gene expression in 241 individual cells from early and late human blastocysts to delineate dynamic gene-expression changes. (ca.gov)
Aging research and the biology of sensence may benefit from the efficient derivations of human embryonic stem cells derived from cloned blastocysts. (sens.org)
To establish pluripotential diploid cells from rat embryos, we cultured blastocysts in medium containing mouse leukemia inhibiting factor (LIF) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) -II.Combination of mouse LIF (5,000 units/ml) and rat IGF-II (100ng/ml) promoted the growth of inner cell mass (ICM) of rat blastocyst. (nii.ac.jp)
By microinjection method, chimeric embryos were produced between the established cells and blastocysts of Wistar-Imamichi. (nii.ac.jp)
To be suitable for extended culture and blastocyst transfer, you will need to have at least four good quality embryos (eight cells or more) on day three after fertilisation, in order for your embryos to undergo extended culture. (manchesterfertility.com)

The rationale for blastocyst transfer is to improve both uterine and embryonic synchronicity and enable self selection of viable embryos, thus resulting in better live birth rates. (cochrane.org)
As a result, a blastocyst stage transfer affords the opportunity of choosing the more viable embryo for transfer, thus optimizing the pregnancy rates while reducing the multiple pregnancy rates since fewer embryos are transferred. (fertilityauthority.com)
In blastocyst transfer , embryos are cultured to the blastocyst stage before being transferred on day 5, which may make it easier for embryologists to discern which embryos are the most viable, allowing fewer to be transferred. (thefreedictionary.com)

The transcripts studied were glucose transporter 5, sarcosine oxidase, mitochondrial Mn-superoxide dismutase, connexin 43, interferon tau, insulin-like growth factor II, apoptosis regulator box-α and insulin-like growth factor-I receptor, most of which are known from our previous work to differ in terms of transcript abundance in blastocysts derived from culture in vitro or in vivo. (bioone.org)
Blastocysts treated with 2.5-10 μM dillapiole exhibited a significant increase in apoptosis and corresponding decrease in total cell number. (mdpi.com)

Chazaud C, Yamanaka Y, Pawson T, Rossant J (2006) Early lineage segregation between epiblast and primitive endoderm in mouse blastocysts through the Grb2-MAPK pathway. (springer.com)

There are other grading systems for blastocysts, but this one is most widely used. (advancedfertility.com)
There are other blastocyst grading systems, including the grading that we use in our IVF program (see below). (advancedfertility.com)
There is also some loss of correlation between grading of the blastocysts and expectations for successful pregnancy outcome. (advancedfertility.com)
Blastocyst embryo grading is helpful. (advancedfertility.com)

Also, let's quote the Human Embryo Authority in the UK-which supports almost anything having to do with embryonic and cloning research-which accurately notes that a blastocyst is an embryo. (nationalreview.com)
But that is merely a matter of developing the proper technique-just as it was in the difficulties leading up to Dolly's birth, and it was to creating human cloned embryos and maintaining them to the blastocyst stage. (nationalreview.com)
Derivation of embryonic stem-cell lines from human blastocysts. (nih.gov)
Now that we have learned more about human embryonic needs and have improved the IVF culture systems, we are moving toward more routine use of blastocyst transfer. (advancedfertility.com)
The CDMLe012-A-1 human embryonic stem cell (hESC) line, derived from a day six blastocyst with a normal 46,XX female karyotype spontaneously lost an X-chromosome during cell culture. (bioportfolio.com)
human blastocyst by image processing and the use of Artificial Neural Network ( i.e. (researchgate.net)
However, under standard IVF culture conditions, only about 25-60% of human embryos will progress to the blastocyst stage after 5 days of culture. (indiasurgerytour.com)
Hashimoto S, Amo A, Hama S, Ito K, Nakaoka Y, Morimoto Y. Growth retardation in human blastocysts increases the incidence of abnormal spindles and decreased implantation potential after verification. (springer.com)
Accurate quantitation of mitochondrial DNA reveals uniform levels in human blastocysts irrespective of ploidy, age, or implantation potential. (springer.com)
Previous investigators have suggested that the age of blastocyst is indicative of embryo quality among human embryos derived from assisted reproductive technology. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Comparison of G1.2/G2.2 and Sydney IVF cleavage/blastocyst sequential media for the culture of human embryos: a prospective, randomized, comparative study. (ac.be)
en] Objective: To compare two commercially available sequential media, G1.2/G2.2 and Sydney IVF cleavage/blastocyst media, as supports for human embryo culture. (ac.be)

Supplementation of culture medium with LPA (10 −5 M) between Days 2 and 8 had no effect on embryo yield and quality and on blastocyst relative mRNA abundance of genes involved in prostaglandin synthesis ( PTGS2 , PGES , and PGFS ) and steroidogenesis (3 β HSD ). (hindawi.com)
OPN mRNA is up-regulated in mouse blastocyst on day 4 of pregnancy, which is associated with ovarian estrogen secretion peak. (mdpi.com)

Implantation is made possible through structural changes in both the blastocyst and endometrial wall. (wikipedia.org)
Reproductive Medicine Associates of New York (RMA of New York) will present data demonstrating that embryo-endometrial asynchrony is accountable for lower implantation rates in slower blastocysts, and not reduced embryonic competence as previously thought. (rmany.com)

Because the embryos have developed to blastocyst stage, we can transfer fewer embryos to achieve pregnancies, thus limiting the possibility of a triplet or greater pregnancy. (ecommunity.com)

Anatomy24

Organisms8

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs9

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Phenomena and Processes24

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science1

Health Care1

An ultrastructural study of implantation in the golden hamster. II. Trophoblastic invasion and removal of the uterine epithelium. (1/4036)

Ontogeny of expression of a receptor for platelet-activating factor in mouse preimplantation embryos and the effects of fertilization and culture in vitro on its expression. (2/4036)

X inactive-specific transcript (Xist) expression and X chromosome inactivation in the preattachment bovine embryo. (3/4036)

Induction of Ig light chain gene rearrangement in heavy chain-deficient B cells by activated Ras. (4/4036)

In-vitro fertilization and culture of mouse embryos in vitro significantly retards the onset of insulin-like growth factor-II expression from the zygotic genome. (5/4036)

Detection of benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide-DNA adducts in embryos from smoking couples: evidence for transmission by spermatozoa. (6/4036)

Co-expression of cytokeratins and vimentin by highly invasive trophoblast in the white-winged vampire bat, Diaemus youngi, and the black mastiff bat, Molossus ater, with observations on intermediate filament proteins in the decidua and intraplacental trophoblast. (7/4036)

Trophectoderm differentiation in the bovine embryo: characterization of a polarized epithelium. (8/4036)

Blastocyst

Embryo Culture Techniques

Embryonic Development

Embryo Implantation

Morula

Embryo Transfer

Fertilization in Vitro

Blastocyst Inner Cell Mass

Embryonic and Fetal Development

Cleavage Stage, Ovum

Pregnancy

Cryopreservation

Embryo, Mammalian

Zygote

Vitrification

Embryo Implantation, Delayed

Cloning, Organism

Culture Techniques

Trophoblasts

Blastomeres

Oocytes

Nuclear Transfer Techniques

Ectogenesis

Parthenogenesis

Zona Pellucida

Fetal Viability

Uterus

Culture Media

Cattle

Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic

Pregnancy Rate

Superovulation

Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental

Ethylene Glycol

Fallopian Tubes

In Vitro Oocyte Maturation Techniques

Chimera

Cryoprotective Agents

Mice, Inbred ICR

Single Embryo Transfer

Mice, Inbred Strains

Endometrium

Live Birth

Pseudopregnancy

Cell Count

Octamer Transcription Factor-3

Fertilization

Cells, Cultured

Micromanipulation

Ectoderm

Embryonic Stem Cells

Preimplantation Diagnosis

Cumulus Cells

Swine

Mice, Inbred CBA

Pregnancy, Animal

Endoderm

Embryo Loss

Leukemia Inhibitory Factor

Time Factors

Pregnancy Outcome

Oogenesis

Germ Layers

Cell Differentiation

Body Fluids

Progesterone

Spermatozoa

Polyvinyl Alcohol

Cell Culture Techniques

Twinning, Monozygotic

Mice, Inbred C57BL

Freezing

RNA, Messenger

Decidua

Cell Lineage

Oocyte Retrieval

Tissue Preservation

Pluripotent Stem Cells

Cell Nucleus

Sus scrofa