AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHumanitiesInformation ScienceNamed GroupsHealth CareGeographicals
Blast InjuriesExplosionsBombsMilitary MedicineWarExplosive AgentsAfghanistanMultiple TraumaHospitals, MilitaryMilitary PersonnelTympanic MembraneBrain InjuriesIraqLung InjuryWounds and InjuriesAthletic InjuriesSpinal Cord InjuriesElectronic MailFood Dispensers, AutomaticEditorial PoliciesAuthorshipPeriodicals as TopicPostal ServiceInternetElectricityBurnsHot FlashesBioelectric Energy SourcesElectric WiringElectric Power SuppliesPublicationsEncyclopedias as TopicCompressed AirDecision MakingTerrorismFoxesBrainSurgery, VeterinaryIslamKineticsMicroscopy, ElectronFoot InjuriesSoccerRaptorsHawksBaltimorePhysical FitnessVideo GamesAfghan Campaign 2001-VeteransSemicircular CanalsIraq War, 2003-2011Post-Concussion Syndrome
Blast Injuries: Injuries resulting when a person is struck by particles impelled with violent force from an explosion. Blast causes pulmonary concussion and hemorrhage, laceration of other thoracic and abdominal viscera, ruptured ear drums, and minor effects in the central nervous system. (From Dorland, 27th ed)ExplosionsBombs: A weapon designed to explode when deployed. It frequently refers to a hollow case filled with EXPLOSIVE AGENTS.Military Medicine: The practice of medicine as applied to special circumstances associated with military operations.War: Hostile conflict between organized groups of people.Explosive Agents: Substances that are energetically unstable and can produce a sudden expansion of the material, called an explosion, which is accompanied by heat, pressure and noise. Other things which have been described as explosive that are not included here are explosive action of laser heating, human performance, sudden epidemiological outbreaks, or fast cell growth.AfghanistanMultiple Trauma: Multiple physical insults or injuries occurring simultaneously.Hospitals, Military: Hospitals which provide care for the military personnel and usually for their dependents.Military Personnel: Persons including soldiers involved with the armed forces.Tympanic Membrane: An oval semitransparent membrane separating the external EAR CANAL from the tympanic cavity (EAR, MIDDLE). It contains three layers: the skin of the external ear canal; the core of radially and circularly arranged collagen fibers; and the MUCOSA of the middle ear.Brain Injuries: Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.IraqLung Injury: Damage to any compartment of the lung caused by physical, chemical, or biological agents which characteristically elicit inflammatory reaction. These inflammatory reactions can either be acute and dominated by NEUTROPHILS, or chronic and dominated by LYMPHOCYTES and MACROPHAGES.Wounds and Injuries: Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.Athletic Injuries: Injuries incurred during participation in competitive or non-competitive sports.Spinal Cord Injuries: Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).Electronic Mail: Messages between computer users via COMPUTER COMMUNICATION NETWORKS. This feature duplicates most of the features of paper mail, such as forwarding, multiple copies, and attachments of images and other file types, but with a speed advantage. The term also refers to an individual message sent in this way.Food Dispensers, Automatic: Mechanical food dispensing machines.Editorial Policies: The guidelines and policy statements set forth by the editor(s) or editorial board of a publication.Authorship: The profession of writing. Also the identity of the writer as the creator of a literary production.Periodicals as Topic: A publication issued at stated, more or less regular, intervals.Postal Service: The functions and activities carried out by the U.S. Postal Service, foreign postal services, and private postal services such as Federal Express.Internet: A loose confederation of computer communication networks around the world. The networks that make up the Internet are connected through several backbone networks. The Internet grew out of the US Government ARPAnet project and was designed to facilitate information exchange.Electricity: The physical effects involving the presence of electric charges at rest and in motion.Burns: Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like.Hot Flashes: A sudden, temporary sensation of heat predominantly experienced by some women during MENOPAUSE. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)Bioelectric Energy Sources: Electric power supply devices which convert biological energy, such as chemical energy of metabolism or mechanical energy of periodic movements, into electrical energy.Electric Wiring: An arrangement of wires distributing electricity.Electric Power Supplies: Devices that control the supply of electric current for running electrical equipment.Publications: Copies of a work or document distributed to the public by sale, rental, lease, or lending. (From ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983, p181)Encyclopedias as Topic: Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)Compressed Air: Air that is reduced in volume by pressure.Decision Making: The process of making a selective intellectual judgment when presented with several complex alternatives consisting of several variables, and usually defining a course of action or an idea.Terrorism: The use or threatened use of force or violence against persons or property in violation of criminal laws for purposes of intimidation, coercion, or ransom, in support of political or social objectives.Foxes: Any of several carnivores in the family CANIDAE, that possess erect ears and long bushy tails and are smaller than WOLVES. They are classified in several genera and found on all continents except Antarctica.Brain: The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.Surgery, Veterinary: A board-certified specialty of VETERINARY MEDICINE, requiring at least four years of special education, training, and practice of veterinary surgery after graduation from veterinary school. In the written, oral, and practical examinations candidates may choose either large or small animal surgery. (From AVMA Directory, 43d ed, p278)Islam: A monotheistic religion promulgated by the Prophet Mohammed with Allah as the deity.Kinetics: The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.Microscopy, Electron: Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.Foot Injuries: General or unspecified injuries involving the foot.Soccer: A game in which a round inflated ball is advanced by kicking or propelling with any part of the body except the hands or arms. The object of the game is to place the ball in opposite goals.Raptors: BIRDS that hunt and kill other animals, especially higher vertebrates, for food. They include the FALCONIFORMES order, or diurnal birds of prey, comprised of EAGLES, falcons, HAWKS, and others, as well as the STRIGIFORMES order, or nocturnal birds of prey, which includes OWLS.Hawks: Common name for many members of the FALCONIFORMES order, family Accipitridae, generally smaller than EAGLES, and containing short, rounded wings and a long tail.BaltimorePhysical Fitness: The ability to carry out daily tasks and perform physical activities in a highly functional state, often as a result of physical conditioning.Video Games: A form of interactive entertainment in which the player controls electronically generated images that appear on a video display screen. This includes video games played in the home on special machines or home computers, and those played in arcades.Afghan Campaign 2001-: Multinational coalition military operation initiated in October 2001 to counter terrorism and bring security to AFGHANISTAN in collaboration with Afghan forces.Veterans: Former members of the armed services.Semicircular Canals: Three long canals (anterior, posterior, and lateral) of the bony labyrinth. They are set at right angles to each other and are situated posterosuperior to the vestibule of the bony labyrinth (VESTIBULAR LABYRINTH). The semicircular canals have five openings into the vestibule with one shared by the anterior and the posterior canals. Within the canals are the SEMICIRCULAR DUCTS.Iraq War, 2003-2011: An armed intervention involving multi-national forces in the country of IRAQ.Post-Concussion Syndrome: The organic and psychogenic disturbances observed after closed head injuries (HEAD INJURIES, CLOSED). Post-concussion syndrome includes subjective physical complaints (i.e. headache, dizziness), cognitive, emotional, and behavioral changes. These disturbances can be chronic, permanent, or late emerging.

Development of serial bio-shock tubes and their application. (1/205)

OBJECTIVE: To design and produce serial shock tubes and further examine their application to experimental studies on blast injury. METHODS: Bio-medical engineering technique was used for the design and development of the serial shock tubes. One thousand four hundred and fifty nine animals (757 rats, 105 guinea pigs, 335 rabbits, 240 dogs and 22 sheep) were then used to test the wounding effects of the shock tubes. RESULTS: Three types of bio-shock tubes, that is, large-, medium- and small-scale shock tubes were made in our laboratory. The large-scale shock tube is 39 meters long; the inner diameter of the test section is 1 meter; and the maximum overpressure in the driving section is 10.3 MPa. A negative pressure could be formed by means of the reflected rarefactive wave produced by the end plate. The medium-scale shock tube is 34.5 meters long; the maximum overpressure in the driving section is 22 MPa; the test section is designed to be a knockdown, showing 5 basic types with inner diameter of 77 to 600 millimeters, which could be used for researches on overpressure, explosive decompression, underwater explosion, and so on. The small-scale shock tube is 0.5 meter long with the maximum endured overpressure of 68.6 MPa. Results from animal experiments showed that this set of shock tubes could induce various degrees of systemic or local blast injury in large or small animals. CONCLUSIONS: This set of bio-shock tubes can approximately simulate typical explosive wave produced by nuclear or charge explosion, and inflict various degrees of blast injury characterized by stability and reproducibility. Therefore, they can meet the needs of blast research on large and small animals.  (+info)

Effect of type and transfer of conventional weapons on civilian injuries: retrospective analysis of prospective data from Red Cross hospitals. (2/205)

OBJECTIVE: To examine the link between different weapons used in modern wars and their potential to injury civilians. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data about hospital admissions. SETTING: Hospitals of the International Committee of the Red Cross. SUBJECTS: 18 877 people wounded by bullets, fragmentation munitions, or mines. Of these, 2012 had been admitted to the hospital in Kabul within six hours of injury. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Age and sex of wounded people according to cause of injury and whether they were civilians (women and girls, boys under 16 years old, or men of 50 or more). RESULTS: 18.7% of those injured by bullets, 34.1% of those injured by fragments, and 30.8% of those injured by mines were civilians. Of those admitted to the Red Cross hospital in Kabul within six hours of injury, 39.1% of those injured by bullets, 60.6% of those injured by fragments, and 55.0% of those injured by mines were civilians. CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of civilians injured differs between weapon systems. The higher proportion injured by fragments and mines is explicable in terms of the military efficiency of weapons, the distance between user and victim, and the effect that the kind of weapon has on the psychology of the user.  (+info)

Circumstances around weapon injury in Cambodia after departure of a peacekeeping force: prospective cohort study. (3/205)

OBJECTIVE: To examine the circumstances surrounding weapon injury and combatant status of those injured by weapons. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Northwestern Cambodia after departure of United Nations peacekeeping force. SUBJECTS: 863 people admitted to hospital for weapon injuries over 12 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Annual incidence of weapon injury by time period; proportions of injuries inflicted as a result of interfactional combat (combat injuries) and outside such combat (non-combat injuries) by combatant status and weapon type. RESULTS: The annual incidence of weapon injuries was higher than the rate observed before the peacekeeping operation. 30% of weapon injuries occurred in contexts other than interfactional combat. Most commonly these were firearm injuries inflicted intentionally on civilians. Civilians accounted for 71% of those with non-combat injuries, 42% of those with combat related injuries, and 51% of those with weapon injuries of either type. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of weapon injuries remained high when the disarmament component of a peacekeeping operation achieved only limited success. Furthermore, injuries occurring outside the context of interfactional combat accounted for a substantial proportion of all weapon injuries, were experienced disproportionately by civilians, and were most likely to entail the intentional use of a firearm against a civilian.  (+info)

Prevention of skin and soft tissue entrapment in tibial segment transportation. (4/205)

We report of a ten year old patient with soft tissue damage and bone defect of the tibia as a sequel of osteomyelitis. After excision and stabilization with an Ilizarov fixateur segment transportation was started. In order to avoid skin and soft tissue entrapment in the docking region, we used a metal cage as a space provider, which was shortened as segment transportation progressed. To our knowledge this simple method has not been described so far.  (+info)

Mine blast injuries: ocular and social aspects. (5/205)

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Landmines have long been used in conventional warfare. These are antipersonnel mines which continue to injure people long after a ceasefire without differentiating between friend or foe, soldier or civilian, women or children. This study focuses on Afghan non-combatants engaged in mine clearing operations in Afghanistan in the aftermath of the Russo-Afghan war. The patterns and types of injuries seen are described and experiences in their management, ways, and means to prevent them, and recommendations for the rehabilitation of the affected individuals are given. METHODS: It is a retrospective and analytical study of 84 patients aged 19-56 years who sustained mine blast injuries during mine clearing operations in Afghanistan from November 1992 to January 1996. The study was carried out at a military hospital with tertiary care facilities. The patients were divided into three groups on the basis of their injuries. Group 1 required only general surgical attention, group 2 sustained only ocular injuries, while group 3 had combined ocular and general injuries. Patients in groups 2 and 3 were treated in two phases. The first phase aimed at immediate restoration of the anatomy, while restoration of function wherever possible was done in subsequent surgical procedures in the second phase. RESULTS: It was observed that 51 out of 84 patients (60.7%) had sustained ocular trauma of a variable degree as a result of the blasts. The mean age of the victims was 29 years and they were all male. A total of 91 eyes of 51 patients (89.2%) had been damaged. Bilaterality of damage was seen in 40 (78.4%) patients. Most, 34 (37.3%), eyes became totally blind (NPL). Only a few escaped with injury mild enough not to impair vision. Foreign bodies, small and multiple, were found in the majority of eyes; most, however, were found in the anterior segment, and posterior segment injuries were proportionally less. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of blindness caused by mine blast injuries is quite high. The resulting psychosocial trauma to the patients and their families is tremendous and has not been adequately highlighted. These injuries are a great drain on the country's resources. Enforcement of preventive measures and the use of protective gear and sophisticated equipment by the mine clearing personnel would prove to be far more economical in terms of human life as well as medical and economic resources. There is also need for greater attention towards the establishment of support groups and rehabilitation programmes for these individuals.  (+info)

Injuries from fireworks in the United States. (6/205)

Fireworks traditionally are used in the United States to celebrate Independence Day on July 4th. The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) estimates that 8500 persons in the United States are treated in emergency departments each year for fireworks-related injuries (1). Of all fireworks-related injuries, 70%-75% occur during a 30-day period that surrounds the July 4th holiday (June 23-July 23) (2). Seven of every 100 persons injured by fireworks are hospitalized, approximately 40% of those injured are children aged < or = 14 years, and males are injured three times more often than females (1). The injury rate is highest among boys aged 10-14 years (3). Most commonly, injuries from fireworks affect the hands (34%), face (12%), and eyes (17%) (4). Injuries are more frequent and more severe among persons who are active participants than among bystanders (3).  (+info)

High rate of candidemia in patients sustaining injuries in a bomb blast at a marketplace: a possible environmental source. (7/205)

In this study, a cluster of candidemia among patients sustaining injuries in a bomb blast at a marketplace was investigated by means of a multivariate analysis, a case-control study, and quantitative air sampling. Candidemia occurred in 7 (30%) of 21 patients (58% of those admitted to the intensive care unit [ICU]) between 4 and 16 days (mean, 12 days) after the injury and was the single most frequent cause of bloodstream infections. Inhalation injury was the strongest predictor for candidemia by multivariate analysis. Candidemia among the case patients occurred at a significantly higher rate than among comparable trauma patients injured in different urban settings, including a pedestrian mall (2 of 29; P=. 02), and among contemporary ICU control patients (1 of 40; P=.001). Air sampling revealed exclusive detection of Candida species and increased mold concentration in the market in comparison with the mall environment. These findings suggest a role for an exogenous, environmental source in the development of candidemia in some trauma patients.  (+info)

Effect of epidermal growth factor and dexamethasone on explosive deafness. (8/205)

OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on cochlear hair cells of normal and explosion-stricken guinea pigs and the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and dexamethasone (DXM) treatment for blast hearing loss. METHODS: Immunohistochemical technique and auditory brainstem response (ABR) test were used. RESULTS: Scattered expression of EGFR was seen in inner hair cells (IHCs) and outer hair cells (OHCs) in normal guinea pigs. Segmentally distributing positive reaction was also located in stereocilia of hair cells. Distribution of EGFR reaction was seen in the cytoplasm of IHC 24 hours after exposure to blasts, and in the stereocilia of IHC and the cuticular plate of OHC 72 hours postexposure. At one week EGFR reaction in hair cells increased obviously and part of OHC stereocilia also showed positive reaction. EGFR reaction reduced at two weeks, though positive reaction could still be found in the stereocilia of hair cells at one month. Combination of EGF and DXM administrations promoted hearing recovery significantly. CONCLUSIONS: The healing of injured hair cells may be related to EGF.  (+info)

Fireworks-Related Injuries to Children | AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS | PediatricsFireworks-Related Injuries to Children | AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS | Pediatrics
Fireworks are devices designed for the purpose of producing a visible or audible effect by combustion, deflagration, or detonation.1 Every year, US residents celebrate the Fourth of July and other festive occasions with fireworks. As a result, in 1999, an estimated 8500 individuals, approximately 45% of them children younger than 15 years, sustained fireworks-related injuries requiring emergency medical treatment.2,,3 Since 1994, the annual number of people receiving emergency medical treatment for fireworks-related injuries has decreased by about one third.3,,4 The hands (40%), eyes (20%), and head and face (20%) are the body areas most often involved.2 About one third of eye injuries from fireworks result in permanent blindness.5 Burns account for more than half of fireworks-related injuries,2 and lacerations, contusions, and abrasions are also common.1,,26-8 During 1999, 16 people died as a result of injuries associated with fireworks.2. Under regulations promulgated by the US Consumer ...
Commonest organ injured primary blast injuries is a Lung Liverc Spleend SkiCommonest organ injured primary blast injuries is a Lung Liverc Spleend Ski
... Lung is the most common organ damaged in an air blast injury.Reference:1. Disasters and Public Health By Clements, 2009, Pages 66-672. The Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology By Dr K S Nara
Blast injury | Britannica.comBlast injury | Britannica.com
Blast injury: Blast injury,, any injury caused by a pressure wave such as that following an explosion. Blast injuries may be inflicted by such waves traveling in gases, liquids, or solids.
Frontiers | Assessing Neuro-Systemic & Behavioral Components in the Pathophysiology of Blast-Related Brain Injury | NeurologyFrontiers | Assessing Neuro-Systemic & Behavioral Components in the Pathophysiology of Blast-Related Brain Injury | Neurology
Among the U.S. military personnel, blast injury is among the leading causes of brain injury. During the past decade, it has become apparent that even blast injury as a form of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) may lead to multiple different adverse outcomes, such as neuropsychiatric symptoms and long-term cognitive disability. Blast injury is characterized by blast overpressure (BOP), blast duration, and blast impulse. While the blast injuries of a victim close to the explosion will be severe, majority of victims are usually at a distance leading to milder form described as mild blast TBI (mbTBI). A major feature of mbTBI is its complex manifestation occurring in concert at different organ levels involving systemic, cerebral, neuronal and neuropsychiatric responses; some of which are shared with other forms of brain trauma such as acute brain injury and other neuropsychiatric disorders such as PTSD. The pathophysiology of blast injury exposure involves complex cascades of chronic psychological stress,
Explosions and Blast Injuries: A Primer for Clinicians // ACEPExplosions and Blast Injuries: A Primer for Clinicians // ACEP
Auf der Heide E. Disaster Response: Principles of Preparation and Coordination Disaster Response: Principles of Preparation and Coordination.. Quenemoen LE, Davis, YM, Malilay J, Sinks T, Noji EK, and Klitzman S. The World Trade Center bombing: injury prevention strategies for high-rise building fires. Disasters 1996;20:125-32.. Wightman JM and Gladish SL. Explosions and blast injuries. Annals of Emergency Medicine; June 2001; 37(6): 664-p678.. Stein M and Hirshberg A. Trauma Care in the New Millinium: Medical Consequences of Terrorism, the Conventional Weapon Threat. Surgical Clinics of North America. Dec 1999; Vol 79 (6).. Phillips YY. Primary Blast Injuries. Annals of Emergency Medicine; 1986, Dec; 106 (15); 1446-50.. Hogan D, et al. Emergency Department Impact of the Oklahoma City Terrorist Bombing. Annals of Emergency Medicine; August 1999; 34 (2), pp. Mallonee S, et al. Physical Injuries and Fatalities Resulting From the Oklahoma City Bombing. Journal of the American Medical Association; ...
Blast-Induced Tinnitus: A Combined Behavioral, Memri, And Electrophysiology Study by Jessica Pengyun Ouyang"Blast-Induced Tinnitus: A Combined Behavioral, Memri, And Electrophysiology Study " by Jessica Pengyun Ouyang
ABSTRACT BLAST-INDUCED TINNITUS: A COMBINED BEHAVIORAL, MEMRE, AND ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY STUDY by JESSICA OUYANG May 2014 Advisor: Drs. Steve Cala & Jinsheng Zhang Major: Physiology Degree: Doctor of Philosophy Tinnitus and hearing loss are the frequent auditory-related co-morbidities of blast trauma. The etiology of blast-induced tinnitus is also muddled by brain mechanisms associated with emotional and cognitive problems such as anxiety, memory loss, and depression. We set out to develop a realistic and ecologically valid model to address changes of cognitive status and psychological state that are associated with blast- induced tinnitus. In this study, 19 adult rats were randomly divided into the sham group (n=6) and the blast group (n=13). Blast exposure (14 psi) was conducted via a shock wave tube to expose the left ears of the rats in the blast group, and a sham exposure was conducted to the rats in the sham group. Blast-induced tinnitus was evaluated with gap detection and pre-pulse inhibition (PPI)
Blast Injuries: A Fact Sheet for Professionals - Emergency PreparednessBlast Injuries: A Fact Sheet for Professionals - Emergency Preparedness
In an instant, an explosion or blast can wreck havoc; producing numerous casualties with complex, technically challenging injuries not commonly seen after natural disasters such as floods or hurricanes.. To address this issue, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in collaboration with partners from the Terrorism Injuries Information, Dissemination and Exchange (TIIDE) Project, as well as other experts in the field, have developed fact sheets for health care providers that provide detailed information on the treatment of blast injuries.. The fact sheet addresses background, clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, management and disposition of blast injury topics.. ...
Voluntary Alcohol Intake following Blast Exposure in a Rat Model of Mild Traumatic Brain InjuryVoluntary Alcohol Intake following Blast Exposure in a Rat Model of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Alcoholism is a frequent comorbidity following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), even in patients without a previous history of alcohol dependence. Despite this correlational relationship, the extent to which the neurological effects of mTBI contribute to the development of alcoholism is unknown. In this study, we used a rodent blast exposure model to investigate the relationship between mTBI and voluntary alcohol drinking in alcohol naïve rats. We have previously demonstrated in Sprague Dawley rats that blast exposure leads to microstructural abnormalities in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and other brain regions that progress from four to thirty days. The mPFC is a brain region implicated in alcoholism and drug addiction, although the impact of mTBI on drug reward and addiction using controlled models remains largely unexplored. Alcohol naïve Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to a blast model of mTBI (or sham conditions) and then tested in several common measures of voluntary alcohol intake.
LLNL research reveals how blast waves may cause human brain injury even without direct head impactsLLNL research reveals how blast waves may cause human brain injury even without direct head impacts
Because blast waves and direct impact affect the head in fundamentally different ways, armor systems that are designed to protect soldiers from impacts and projectiles may not be optimal for blast wave protection. The team studied how helmets and their suspension systems influence the blast-induced mechanical loads in the brain. They looked at two common systems: a nylon web system formerly used in the Personnel Armor Systems Ground Troops infantry helmet and viscoelastic foam pads like those in advanced combat helmets. Both helmets were modeled as hemi-ellipsoidal Kevlar shells ...
Blast injury - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaBlast injury - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Neurotrauma can occur due to the mechanisms of one or more blast injury categories. Bleeding from injured organs such as lungs or bowel causes a lack of oxygen in all vital organs, including the brain. Damage of the lungs reduces the surface for oxygen uptake from the air, reducing the amount of the oxygen delivered to the brain. Tissue destruction initiates the synthesis and release of hormones or mediators into the blood which, when delivered to the brain, change its function. Irritation of the nerve endings in injured peripheral tissue and/or organs also significantly contributes to blast-induced neurotrauma. Individuals exposed to blasts frequently have loss of memory for events before and after explosion, confusion, headache, impaired sense of reality, and reduced decision-making ability. Patients with brain injuries acquired in explosions often develop sudden, unexpected brain swelling and cerebral vasospasm despite continuous monitoring. However, the first symptoms of blast-induced ...
Bomb blast injuries to the ear: the London Bridge incident series. | Emergency Medicine JournalBomb blast injuries to the ear: the London Bridge incident series. | Emergency Medicine Journal
Twelve patients who were treated for ear injuries at Guys Hospital following the London Bridge bomb blast in February 1992 were reviewed. Among three there were four perforated eardrums, two of which closed spontaneously (50%). All three patients had a persistent mixed hearing loss. The remaining nine patients had acute sensorineural hearing loss and/or tinnitus only. Four of these had resolved completely by 4h, another one by 48h, and two by 4 weeks. Two patients had a residual high frequency hearing loss. In total, five patients (42%) have a persistent hearing loss. None of the patients suffered from balance problems. In summary, the ear is very susceptible to bomb blast injury, but there is a high rate of spontaneous closure of perforations and improvement of sensorineural hearing loss and tinnitus.. ...
Therapeutic effect of sildenafil on blast-induced tinnitus and auditory impairment | Semantic ScholarTherapeutic effect of sildenafil on blast-induced tinnitus and auditory impairment | Semantic Scholar
Blast-induced tinnitus, along with associated auditory impairment and traumatic brain injury, is a primary concern facing military service members. To search for treatment, we investigated the therapeutic effects of sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, given its vasodilatory effects and evidence suggesting its beneficial effects on noise-induced hearing loss. Rats were subjected to three consecutive blast exposures at 22 psi and were monitored for tinnitus using a gap-detection acoustic startle reflex paradigm. Hearing thresholds and detection were tested using auditory brainstem responses and prepulse inhibition, respectively. Blasted rats were either treated with sildenafil or tap water following blast exposure, while age-matched sham control rats were treated with sildenafil and no blast exposure. Our results showed that sildenafil did not effectively prevent acute tinnitus onset and hearing impairment. Instead, sildenafil significantly suppressed high-frequency tinnitus from 3 to 6 weeks
HubbleSite: Video - Blast Wave from a Stellar Explosion: Simulation of Supernova 1987AHubbleSite: Video - Blast Wave from a Stellar Explosion: Simulation of Supernova 1987A
This scientific visualization shows the development of Supernova 1987A, from the initial blast observed three decades ago to the luminous ring of material we see today.. The sequence, using data from a computer simulation, begins with the star before it exploded. A ring of material around the star was expelled about 20,000 years before the supernova outburst. A flash of light signals the stellar explosion. The supernova sends a blast wave outward from the dying star. As the blast wave slams into the ring, high-density knots of material become intensely heated and glow brightly, while lower-density gas is blown outward. The computer simulation provides one data set per year, and thus the visualization steps between them at four years per second. Upon reaching the present day, the time development is halted, and the camera circles around the ring to showcase its structure.. ...
HubbleSite: Video - Blast Wave from a Stellar Explosion: Simulation of Supernova 1987AHubbleSite: Video - Blast Wave from a Stellar Explosion: Simulation of Supernova 1987A
This scientific visualization shows the development of Supernova 1987A, from the initial blast observed three decades ago to the luminous ring of material we see today.. The sequence, using data from a computer simulation, begins with the star before it exploded. A ring of material around the star was expelled about 20,000 years before the supernova outburst. A flash of light signals the stellar explosion. The supernova sends a blast wave outward from the dying star. As the blast wave slams into the ring, high-density knots of material become intensely heated and glow brightly, while lower-density gas is blown outward. The computer simulation provides one data set per year, and thus the visualization steps between them at four years per second. Upon reaching the present day, the time development is halted, and the camera circles around the ring to showcase its structure.. ...
Steroids Rapidly Restore Blood-Brain Barrier Function after Blast - Science and Technology Research NewsSteroids Rapidly Restore Blood-Brain Barrier Function after Blast - Science and Technology Research News
Our research should stimulate renewed clinical interest in developing glucocorticoid therapies to treat blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) and other disorders of the central nervous system," Morrison says. His findings also hold important implications for military personnel exposed to blast injury. "We may be able to improve outcomes in brain-injured soldiers and civilians," he continues, "and reduce the length of their mandatory rest periods before returning to duty, making the difference between requiring only days rather than weeks or longer to recover.". This improvement could be a significant result, as there are currently no approved pharmaceutical therapies for traumatic brain injury (TBI), and recently completed clinical trials have not demonstrated any benefit of other tested neuro-protective interventions. For patients with head injuries (non-blast related) and brain edema, doctors have been prescribing glucocorticoids, a class of steroid hormones, as standard treatment for ...
Evaluation of the outcome of blast injuries presented to emergency department in suez canal university hospitals for El Sayed...Evaluation of the outcome of blast injuries presented to emergency department in suez canal university hospitals for El Sayed...
Thesis, English, Evaluation of the outcome of blast injuries presented to emergency department in suez canal university hospitals for El Sayed Emad Eldin Abd Elgawad
DARPA Blast Gauge Quantifies Blast Exposure, Leads to Advancements in Countering TBIDARPA Blast Gauge Quantifies Blast Exposure, Leads to Advancements in Countering TBI
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is the signature wound of conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. Conservative estimates put the number of U.S. warfighters who have experienced TBI at more than 200,000. Battlefield medical personnel today rely on visual signs and the personal accounts of patients to alert them to the possibility of TBI. The DARPA Blast Gauge provides a quantitative means for measuring blast related exposure, thus providing a mechanism for medical personnel to better identify those at risk for TBI. The gauge collects quantitative data to provide medics with a screening tool and data for uncovering the mechanisms of TBI.. During a recent engagement, a Soldier suffered a shrapnel injury and did not report a blast exposure to the medic treating his visible wounds. The medic opted to check the Blast Gauges on the Soldier; which told the real story. The Soldiers gauges displayed yellow lights, indicating a moderate exposure occurred during the engagement. In response, the medics downloaded ...
Frontiers | Chronic Hypopituitarism Associated with Increased Postconcussive Symptoms Is Prevalent After Blast-induced Mild...Frontiers | Chronic Hypopituitarism Associated with Increased Postconcussive Symptoms Is Prevalent After Blast-induced Mild...
The most frequent injury sustained by U.S. service members deployed to Iraq or Afghanistan is mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), or concussion, by far most often caused by blast waves from improvised explosive devices or other explosive ordnance. TBI from all causes gives rise to chronic neuroendocrine disorders with an estimated prevalence of 25-50%. The current study expands upon our earlier finding that chronic pituitary gland dysfunction occurs with a similarly high frequency after blast-related concussions. We measured circulating hormone levels and accessed demographic and testing data from two groups of male veterans with hazardous duty experience in Iraq or Afghanistan. Veterans in the mTBI group had experienced one or more blast-related concussions. Members of the deployment control (DC) group encountered similar deployment conditions but had no history of blast-related mTBI. Twelve of 39 (31%) of the mTBI participants and three of 20 (15%) veterans in the DC group screened positive for one or
Treatment with non-medicated eye drops reduces damage caused by blast exposure | IOVS | ARVO JournalsTreatment with non-medicated eye drops reduces damage caused by blast exposure | IOVS | ARVO Journals
Purpose: To determine if treatment with non-medicated eye drops immediately after blast exposure reduces both corneal and retinal pathology.. Methods: We exposed the left eyes of 3 month-old DBA/2J mice to a single, 26psi blast of compressed air and provided a subset of mice with non-medicated eye drops (treated). Mice were collected at 3 and 28 days post-injury. All eyes were cryo-embedded, sectioned and labeled with antibodies against GFAP, Iba1, nitrotyrosine and TUNEL. Additional sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin to examine structure. Optic nerves were embedded in resin, sectioned and stained with p-phenylenediamine.. Results: The majority (90%) of untreated (blast exposed, no eye drops) corneas contained numerous pathologies (edema, hyphema, neovascularization), while only about 10% of corneas from treated eyes were edematous. Immune infiltrate were present in both the anterior and posterior chamber of untreated eyes but was limited to the subretinal space in treated eyes. ...
Stability and Collapsing Mechanism of Cavitation-Induced Nanobubbles in Simulated Extra-Cellular Matrix (ECM) Near Neuron |...Stability and Collapsing Mechanism of Cavitation-Induced Nanobubbles in Simulated Extra-Cellular Matrix (ECM) Near Neuron |...
In blast-induced traumatic brain injury, shock waves (SW) play an important role along with cavitation phenomena. Due to the lack of reliable and reproducible experimental investigations, we have a limited understanding of the role of cavitation in brain damage. The present study aims to develop an atomistic simulation model to determine the role of shock-induced impulse and different constituents of the brains extra-cellular matrix (ECM) on the formation mechanism, stability and collapsing mechanism of nanobubbles in the ECM. The ECM in the brain can be divided into three major types depending on their location behind the blood-brain barrier, namely (a) the basement membrane (basal lamina), (b) the perineuronal nets and (3) the neural interstitial matrix. In this paper, we have studied the interaction of nanobubbles with bio-molecules of the perineuronal nets. We have chosen this zone of the ECM because we are interested to obtain the role of cavitation bubble collapse in neuron damage. Most ...
ICD-10 Diagnosis Code S27.312 Primary blast injury of lung, bilateralICD-10 Diagnosis Code S27.312 Primary blast injury of lung, bilateral
Diagnosis Code S27.312 information, including descriptions, synonyms, code edits, diagnostic related groups, ICD-9 conversion and references to the diseases index.
ICD-10 Diagnosis Code S27.312A Primary blast injury of lung, bilateral, initial encounterICD-10 Diagnosis Code S27.312A Primary blast injury of lung, bilateral, initial encounter
Diagnosis Code S27.312A information, including descriptions, synonyms, code edits, diagnostic related groups, ICD-9 conversion and references to the diseases index.
Firecracker and Blast Injuries | ACEPs PEM MicrositeFirecracker and Blast Injuries | ACEP's PEM Microsite
Jonathan Eisenberg, MD. As a child, my father told me a story about his neighbor who had a mishap with a firecracker and blew off the second through fourth digits. He would then hold out his thumb and pinky and wave to me. This scared me to such an extent that I still have never lit a firecracker, even during my less frontal lobe-oriented teen years. I now think that this story was a fabrication-but it is not that far off from its realistic basis.. Fireworks are most popular during the month surrounding July 4thin the US. These colorful combustibles have been around in the US since July 4th, 1777, and we spend more than $700 million dollars per year on them. There are many varieties and categories from novelty and daytime fireworks (both generally have smaller explosions) to the larger aerial fireworks and a host of nuanced state laws which allow for an all, some, or none approach to sales.. Although young adults 20-24 have the highest rate of injury, children younger than 15 accounted for 31% ...
Ending Anti-Personnel Mines Is Our Joint ResponsibilityEnding Anti-Personnel Mines Is Our Joint Responsibility
Ten years. Ten years since I have started meeting with victims of anti-personnel mines and cluster munitions in Laos, Cambodia, Lebanon, and Colombia.Ten years I have witnessed the ravaged bodies and...
Molecular Changes in Brain After Mild Blast Injury are Similar to Those Caused by AlzheimersMolecular Changes in Brain After Mild Blast Injury are Similar to Those Caused by Alzheimer's
Mild traumatic brain injury after blast exposure produces inflammation, oxidative stress and gene activation patterns that are similar to disorders of memory processing.
Figure 17 | Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Blast-Induced Vibration for Short-Delay Cut Blasting in Underground...Figure 17 | Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Blast-Induced Vibration for Short-Delay Cut Blasting in Underground...
Figure 17: Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Blast-Induced Vibration for Short-Delay Cut Blasting in Underground Mining
Landmines and explosive weapons | Child protection from violence, exploitation and abuse | UNICEFLandmines and explosive weapons | Child protection from violence, exploitation and abuse | UNICEF
Fortunately, there are solutions. UNICEF works to teach children and their families how to live safely in contaminated areas until the lethal threat can be cleared permanently. Partnership is key to long-term solutions, and so UNICEF works with states, non-state actors, other UN agencies, civil-society and other international organisations. Generally called "Mine Risk Education," or "MRE," UNICEF also supports the survivors of ERW incidents, and others who are injured and disabled. Most important to a long term solution, many of these weapons now are banned. UNICEF has been, and remains, a strong advocate of the Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention and the Convention on Cluster Munitions - the two most successful examples of humanitarian disarmament in recent times. We advocate for the Optional Protocol to the CRC on Children and Armed Conflict, and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. These are critical tools for protecting children ...
Can fireworks-related injuries to children during festivities be prevented?Can fireworks-related injuries to children during festivities be prevented?
The mean age of the 25 children admitted was 9.4 years (SD 2.9 years, range 3 - 12 years). Reasons for admission were injuries to the hands, face and eye. Placement included admission to the trauma ward, burns unit and ophthalmology ward, and one child was admitted to the ICU. Surgical intervention for the injuries was required in 21 cases. Information about duration of hospital stay was available in 80% of cases. The mean length of hospitalisation was 3.5±3.2 days. None of the patients seen died from their injuries. Discussion. Despite the annual outcry over the indiscriminate use of fireworks during festive periods and the concomitant cruelty to animals, very little is known or has been published about injuries sustained by humans in South Africa.5,6 Children, because of their inquisitive nature and the excitement surrounding fireworks, are particularly vulnerable. They also cannot readily appreciate the dangers involved or act decisively in an emergency, hence their susceptibility to ...
Fireworks-Related Injuries Can Cause Permanent Vision Loss « Anderson Eye SurgeryFireworks-Related Injuries Can Cause Permanent Vision Loss « Anderson Eye Surgery
As Halloween approaches and the tradition of setting off fireworks is inevitable the chance of serious injury to revelers is always a concern. A revealing article in the American Academy of Ophthalmology gives a clear picture of the perils of using fireworks especially if the participants do not take appropriate precautions. Serious injury to the limbs and the eyes (including corneal abrasions, the development of traumatic cataracts and retinal detachments) can occur and are unfortunately all to commonplace. There are however safety precautions, which can be followed to greatly reduce the risk of injury. For some great advice on making Halloween "pop" and keeping it safe click on the following link http://www.aao.org/newsroom/release/20130619.cfm. Sign up for the Anderson Eye Surgery RSS Feed to be notified when new content is available. ...
Noradrenalin effectively rescues mice from blast lung injury caused by laser-induced shock waves | Intensive Care Medicine...Noradrenalin effectively rescues mice from blast lung injury caused by laser-induced shock waves | Intensive Care Medicine...
Blast lung injuries (BLI) caused by blast waves are extremely critical in the prehospital setting, and hypotension is thought to be the main cause of death in such cases. The present study aimed to elucidate the pathophysiology of severe BLI using laser-induced shock wave (LISW) and identify the initial treatment. The current investigation comprised two parts. For the validation study, mice were randomly allocated to groups that received a single shot of 1.2, 1.3, or 1.4 J/cm2 LISW to both lungs. The survival rates, systolic blood pressure (sBP), heart rate (HR), peripheral oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2), and shock index were monitored for 60 min, and lung tissues were analyzed histopathologically. The study evaluated the effects of catecholamines as follows. Randomly assigned mice received 1.4 J/cm2 LISW followed by the immediate intraperitoneal administration of dobutamine, noradrenalin, or normal saline. The primary outcome was the survival rate. Additionally, sBP, HR, SpO2, and the shock index were
The Best Secret Weapon Against Landmines and Tuberculosis Is a Rat - Atlas ObscuraThe Best Secret Weapon Against Landmines and Tuberculosis Is a Rat - Atlas Obscura
The amazing HeroRATs, a corps of specially trained mine- and TB-sniffing rats, were created by a Dutch NGO called the Anti-Personnel Landmines Removal Product, or APOPO. It was founded in 1997 by Bart Weetjens, a Belgian product designer, who was searching for a more affordable way to help Africans clear landmines. He knew that rats-specifically, African giant pouched rats-are intelligent, social creatures with a keen sense of smell, and reasoned that they could be trained to detect buried landmines, small arms, and leftover unexploded ordnance.. The first HeroRats went to work in Mozambique in 2003 as trials, and passed testing in 2005. By 2006 APOPO had a brigade of HeroRATs. Today, there are 111 HeroRATs deployed in Tanzania, with a further 23 in Angola and 16 in Mozambique.. Common in sub-Saharan Africa, African giant pouched rats are one of the worlds largest rodents: they measure almost three feet in length and weigh about four pounds. They live up to eight years and are resistant to ...
Fireworks-related injuries can damage eyes: 6/27Fireworks-related injuries can damage eyes: 6/27
Catalyst Online is published weekly, updated as needed and improved from time to time by the MUSC Office of Public Relations for the faculty, employees and students of the Medical University of South Carolina. Catalyst Online editor, Kim Draughn, can be reached at 792-4107 or by email, [email protected] Editorial copy can be submitted to Catalyst Online and to The Catalyst in print by fax, 792-6723, or by email to [email protected] To place an ad in The Catalyst hardcopy, call Island Publications at 849-1778, ext. 201. ...
The Effects of Chronic Exposure to Low-Level Blasts - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govThe Effects of Chronic Exposure to Low-Level Blasts - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the cognitive and neurophysiological effects of chronic exposure to repeated low-level blast overpressure. Previous studies show converging evidence for a neurophysiological effect from cumulative exposure to blast, which is consistent with subjective reports of cognitive impairment by individuals trained to use explosives to gain entry to structures (breachers). This study will expand on these findings by examining a larger cohort of experienced breachers who may be incurring a cumulative effect of low-level blast exposure over the course of several years. We will evaluate up to 20 participants from each of three groups: breachers, artillery control personnel, and unexposed individuals. Additionally, we will ask each of the above to bring a close companion for a set of questionnaires and an interview to capture changes in functioning that participants may not be able to self-assess. Participants will travel to the NIH for evaluation of cognitive and ...
Intracranial pressure | Noninvasive ICPIntracranial pressure | Noninvasive ICP
Authors: Dal Cengio Leonardi A, Keane NJ, Hay K, Ryan AG, Bir CA, Vandevord PJ.. Studies on blast neurotrauma have focused on investigating the effects of exposure to free-field blast representing the simplest form of blast threat scenario without considering any reflecting surfaces. However, in reality personnel are often located within enclosures or nearby reflecting walls causing a complex blast environment, that is, involving shock reflections and/or compound waves from different directions. The purpose of this study was to design a complex wave testing system and perform a preliminary investigation of the intracranial pressure (ICP) response of rats exposed to a complex blast wave environment (CBWE). The effects of head orientation in the same environment were also explored. Furthermore, since it is hypothesized that exposure to a CBWE would be more injurious as compared to a free-field blast wave environment (FFBWE), a histological comparison of hippocampal injury (cleaved caspase-3 and ...
Overpressure ProtectionOverpressure Protection
Facility boilers, cogens, steam and hot water systems must be designed and managed to ensure safe and reliable operation, while protecting plant personnel and critical equipment from the adverse effects of an overpressure incident.. If an unforeseen process upset occurs with a boiler or other pressurized vessel that triggers an overpressurization condition, it is imperative that the pressure relief and safety valves operate properly when all else fails.. ...
2015 Caucus Awardees2015 Caucus Awardees
Commander Moser has been instrumental in developing the Naval Special Warfare Medical Transition Program which manages the injured, disabled, wounded, and retiring Naval personnel to the Veterans Administration Centers. He intuitively discovered a very unique combat related head injury pattern that significantly affects SEALs night time combat balance, vital visual reactionary times due to post traumatic concussive ocular, vestibular, and cerebellar axis injuries. This study called the "Neurocognitive Assessment of Blast Exposure Sequelae in Combat Training Study" is now being used to further limit Special Operations training blast exposures and used in coordination with the Veterans Affairs Head Injury Program to improve the quality of life for our warriors. His 30+ years has taken him all over the globe as a special operational team surgical/orthopedic SEAL physician assistant around the Asian Islands, Desert Shield/Storm, and later deployed to Fallujah, Iraq with the Shock Trauma Platoon ...
Development of an Improved Methodology for Predicting Airblast Pressure Relief on a Directly Loaded Wall | Journal of Pressure...Development of an Improved Methodology for Predicting Airblast Pressure Relief on a Directly Loaded Wall | Journal of Pressure...
The interaction of an airblast wave with a structure, and the blast wave propagation around and over the structure is of significant importance. In order to protect a structure from the airblast produced by such explosive threats as terrorist bombs, a facility designer must possess an adequate knowledge of the expected blast wave loading. Of greatest importance are pressures and impulses on the directly loaded face of the structure, since it is typically subjected to the highest (reflected) pressures. It has long been recognized that reflected pressure time histories can be strongly influenced by pressure relief from the free edges of the loaded wall. The relief wave can significantly reduce the magnitude of the late-time portion of the positive reflected pressure phase, resulting in a substantial decrease in the peak impulse load. Most current predictive methodologies attempt to account for the relief wave and its effect on impulse. Unfortunately, these methods tend to be rather inaccurate ...
TWA Flight 800 - WikipediaTWA Flight 800 - Wikipedia
In order to evaluate the sequence of structural breakup of the airplane, the NTSB formed the Sequencing Group,[1]:100 which examined individual pieces of the recovered structure, two-dimensional reconstructions or layouts of sections of the airplane, and various-sized three-dimensional reconstructions of portions of the airplane.[1]:100 In addition, the locations of pieces of wreckage at the time of recovery and differences in fire effects on pieces that are normally adjacent to each other were evaluated.[1]:100 The Sequencing Group concluded that the first event in the breakup sequence was a fracture in the wing center section of the aircraft, caused by an "overpressure event" in the center wing fuel tank (CWT).[44]:29 An overpressure event was defined as a rapid increase in pressure resulting in failure of the structure of the CWT.[1]:85. Because there was no evidence that an explosive device detonated in this (or any other) area of the airplane, this overpressure event could only have been ...
Ask Trooper Keith: Take precautions when using fireworks - News - Ionia Sentinel - Standard-Ionia, MI - Ionia, MIAsk Trooper Keith: Take precautions when using fireworks - News - Ionia Sentinel - Standard-Ionia, MI - Ionia, MI
Because an average of 200 people sustains fireworks-related injuries around the Fourth of July holiday every year, I want to remind everyone to take extra safety precautions if your July Fourth celebration includes fireworks.
Explosive device thrown inside California Cheesecake Factory | WQAD.comExplosive device thrown inside California Cheesecake Factory | WQAD.com
Police are searching for a man who set off an explosive device in a Cheesecake Factory restaurant packed with customers, according to KTLA.
International Campaign to Ban Landmines | Organization | Page 0 | Common DreamsInternational Campaign to Ban Landmines | Organization | Page 0 | Common Dreams
Page 0 The International Campaign to Ban Landmines is committed to an international ban on the use, production, stockpiling, and sale, transfer, or export of antipersonnel landmines.
Concerts for a Landmine Free World music by Various Artists | Available on CD | Alibris MusicConcerts for a Landmine Free World music by Various Artists | Available on CD | Alibris Music
Concerts for a Landmine Free World by Various Artists starting at $0.99. Concerts for a Landmine Free World available on CD to buy at Alibris
New chemical sensor makes finding landmines and buried IEDs easier | EurekAlert! Science NewsNew chemical sensor makes finding landmines and buried IEDs easier | EurekAlert! Science News
A chemical sensing system developed by engineers at the University of Connecticut is believed to be the first of its kind capable of detecting vapors from buried landmines and other explosive devices with the naked eye rather than advanced scientific instrumentation.
New chemical sensor makes finding landmines and buried IEDs easierNew chemical sensor makes finding landmines and buried IEDs easier
A chemical sensing system developed by engineers at the University of Connecticut is believed to be the first of its kind capable of detecting vapors from buried landmines and other explosive devices with the naked eye rather ...
Center for Nano-Bio Sensors at the University of FloridaCenter for Nano-Bio Sensors at the University of Florida
R&D Team: Dr. Kevin Wang1, Dr. Weihong Tan2, Dr. Firas Kobeissy1, Dr. Stephen Larner3.. 1Department of Psychiatry, 2Department of Chemistry, 3Banyan Biomarkers, Inc.. Opportunity and Impact: The development of a novel nano-biosensor-based handheld point-of-care (POC) analyzer for the ultra-sensitive detection of brain injury biomarkers in human biofluids as a result of physical trauma, blast injury or act of biological or chemical terrorism. Currently, no rapid POC device exists that is capable of detecting acute brain injury biomarkers in human biofluid such as blood. About 1.5 million patients each year (USA) suffer from a traumatic brain injury (TBI) and another 500,000 suffer a stroke, consequently there is a tremendous need and opportunity for a device that will give doctors and emergency personnel a tool that can quickly assess the extent of injury. In addition, there is appreciable amount of interest from the Department of Defense (DoD) since TBIs now make up about 2/3 of the war ...
Vestibular Consequences of Blast-related Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govVestibular Consequences of Blast-related Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
The goal of this project is to determine the effects of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and blast exposure on the vestibular system and CNS. Dizziness and balance disorders are common symptoms associated with mTBI or head injury. Numerous studies have provided significant evidence that mTBI or head injury can cause damage to the vestibular system; however, most have limited the vestibular evaluation to assessment of horizontal semicircular canal function. Recently, methods have been developed to assess otolith function, and there is some evidence that head injury may affect the otolith organs to a greater degree than the semicircular canals.. mTBI has been called the signature condition of Veterans returning from Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF), and the cause is often related to blast exposure from improvised explosive devices, mortars or rocket-propelled grenades. Some investigators have presumed that dizziness and balance disorders following blast exposure are ...
Exacerbation of blast-induced ocular trauma by an immune response | Journal of Neuroinflammation | Full TextExacerbation of blast-induced ocular trauma by an immune response | Journal of Neuroinflammation | Full Text
Visual prognosis after an open globe injury is typically worse than after a closed globe injury due, in part, to the immune response that ensues following open globe trauma. There is a need for an animal model of open globe injury in order to investigate mechanisms of vision loss and test potential therapeutics. The left eyes of DBA/2 J mice were exposed to an overpressure airwave blast. This strain lacks a fully functional ocular immune privilege, so even though the blast wave does not rupture the globe, immune infiltrate and neuroinflammation occurs as it would in an open globe injury. For the first month after blast wave exposure, the gross pathology, intraocular pressure, visual function, and retinal integrity of the blast-exposed eyes were monitored. Eyes were collected at three, seven, and 28 days to study the histology of the cornea, retina, and optic nerve, and perform immunohistochemical labeling with markers of cell death, oxidative stress, and inflammation. The overpressure airwave caused
Report says there exist hidden scars on brains of Military Personnel who experience bomb shockwaves | BlakkPepper.comReport says there exist hidden scars on brains of Military Personnel who experience bomb shockwaves | BlakkPepper.com
Military servicemen and women who are exposed to blast shockwaves may end up with hidden scars on their brains that cant be picked up by most brain imaging techniques, according to a new study in the journal Lancet. As a result, their injuries are likely to go undiagnosed, and quite possibly untreated as well.. In a statement, lead researcher Daniel Perl explained that "blast-related brain injuries are the signature injury of modern military conflicts." Paradoxically, however, despite the high prevalence of cognitive impairment experienced by military personnel who are exposed to these shockwaves, "routine imaging for blast-related traumatic brain injury often shows no brain abnormalities.". Previous research has led to several theories regarding how shockwaves cause the types of symptoms that soldiers tend to suffer after being caught up in bomb blasts. For example, one study earlier this year provided evidence that these shockwaves cause tiny bubbles to form and then burst in the ...
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in Blast-Exposed Military Veterans and a Blast Neurotrauma Mouse Model | Science Translational...Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in Blast-Exposed Military Veterans and a Blast Neurotrauma Mouse Model | Science Translational...
Blast exposure is associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI), neuropsychiatric symptoms, and long-term cognitive disability. We examined a case series of postmortem brains from U.S. military veterans exposed to blast and/or concussive injury. We found evidence of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a tau protein-linked neurodegenerative disease, that was similar to the CTE neuropathology observed in young amateur American football players and a professional wrestler with histories of concussive injuries. We developed a blast neurotrauma mouse model that recapitulated CTE-linked neuropathology in wild-type C57BL/6 mice 2 weeks after exposure to a single blast. Blast-exposed mice demonstrated phosphorylated tauopathy, myelinated axonopathy, microvasculopathy, chronic neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration in the absence of macroscopic tissue damage or hemorrhage. Blast exposure induced persistent hippocampal-dependent learning and memory deficits that persisted for at least 1 month and ...
Eye Injuries From Fireworks in U.S. Have Nearly DoubledEye Injuries From Fireworks in U.S. Have Nearly Doubled
SUNDAY, June 30, 2019 (HealthDay News) -- As communities across America enjoy fireworks this July Fourth, folks should keep eye safety in mind.. The number of eye injuries caused by fireworks nearly doubled from 2016 to 2017, and the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) is urging Americans to take proper safety precautions this holiday.. Fireworks-related eye injuries rose from 700 in 2016 to 1,200 in 2017, according to the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Those injuries included ruptured eyeballs and damaged corneas and retinas.. "An average of 280 people a day will go to the emergency room with fireworks-related injuries during the two weeks before and after July Fourth," said Dr. Dianna Seldomridge, clinical spokesperson for the AAO.. "Dont be a part of these alarming statistics. Learn how to protect yourself and your children," she urged in an AAO news release.. Most injuries are caused by legal fireworks that parents buy for their children, including sparklers, firecrackers, ...
Overpressure and Lateral Drainage in the Palaeogene Strata of the Central North Sea - Durham e-ThesesOverpressure and Lateral Drainage in the Palaeogene Strata of the Central North Sea - Durham e-Theses
In this thesis, Palaeogene pressure data collected from over 300 offshore wells in the UK, Norwegian and Danish sectors of the North Sea are analysed. Regional overpressure distributions within individual Palaeocene and Eocene sandstone members are mapped across the Central North Sea, and lateral fluid flow pathways are interpreted within each individual sandstone member. Drainage within the older Maureen, Mey and Forties sandstone members is found to be predominantly south-east to north-west, with additional westwards drainage observed within the Mey and Forties sands, where smaller lateral fans fed into the basin from the Western Platform. Overpressure distributions within the Cromarty and Tay sandstone members indicate drainage westwards, where fluids probably escape through shelfal sandstones of the Mousa and Dornoch formations ...
Neuroimaging in Blast-Related Mild Traumatic Brain Injury<...Neuroimaging in Blast-Related Mild Traumatic Brain Injury<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Neuroimaging in Blast-Related Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. AU - Mu, Weiya. AU - Catenaccio, Eva. AU - Lipton, Michael L.. PY - 2016/3/28. Y1 - 2016/3/28. N2 - OBJECTIVE:: To summarize imaging findings in blast-related mild traumatic brain injury. DESIGN:: Our structured review of the literature yielded 5 structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI), 18 diffusion tensor imaging, 9 functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), 3 positron emission tomography, 4 magnetoencephalography, 2 electroencephalography, and 1 single-positron emission computerized tomography studies. RESULTS:: Four of the 5 sMRI studies reported decreased cortical thickness and decreased thalamus and amygdala volume. Diffusion tensor imaging studies showed abnormal diffusion within white matter tracts commonly associated with traumatic brain injury, including the corpus callosum (8 of the 18) and superior longitudinal fasciculus (8 of the 18). Resting-state fMRI studies reported a variety of functional network ...
Full text of Nuclear survival manual : BOSDEC--the concrete curtainFull text of 'Nuclear survival manual : BOSDEC--the concrete curtain'
NUCLEAR SURVIVAL MANUAL BOSDEC The Concrete Curtain JAMES R. FAIRLAMB From the collection of the z n z m o PreTinger I a v AJibrary San Francisco, California 2006 NUCLEAR SURVIVAL MANUAL BOSDEC - The Concrete Curtain NUCLEAR SURVIVAL MANUAL BOSDEC - THE CONCRETE CURTAIN BY JAMES R. FAIRLAMB FIRST EDITION PUBLISHERS DREXEL WINSLOW & FARRINGTON P. O. BOX 55 BUTLER, N. J. COPYRIGHT, JAMES R. FAIRLAMB 1963 All rights reserved, including the right to reproduce this book or parts thereof in any form in any language. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 63-21932 Printed in the United States of America TKe Colonial Press Inc. Clinton, Mass. CONTENTS INDEX GUIDE PAGE Dedication 19 Foreword 21 CHAPTER 1 Surviving Immediate Effects of a Nuclear Explosion 27 SURVIVAL FOR ONE MINUTE THERMAL RADIATION Flash Fireball heat Afterwinds Firestorms Vaporization INITIAL NUCLEAR RADIATION BLAST Overpressure Air blast Mach front Blast wave Overpressure and wind velocity decay Blast winds Ground shock and Shockwaves ...
Genetically Modified Mice Sniff Out Landmines | NextBigFuture.comGenetically Modified Mice Sniff Out Landmines | NextBigFuture.com
Scientists are engineering a real-life Mighty Mouse that will scurry through fields sniffing out hidden landmines thanks to olfactory superpowers.. The researchers, at Hunter College of the City University of New York, have genetically engineered the animals to be 500 times better equipped than their normal counterparts to sniff out landmine explosives. They hope that these "hero mice" could warn of buried bombs.. Hidden landmines are a deadly reality in nearly 70 countries globally, and detection and removal are expensive and dangerous. Currently, metal detectors, radar, magnetometers, and sniffer dogs are used to search for them.. A Belgian organization called APOPO already uses giant African pouched rats as a cheaper way to sniff out landmines. The rats are not genetically modified, but their sense of smell is sharp enough to detect TNT. The bomb-sniffing rats are taught to scratch the ground when they detect a hidden mine (fortunately, they are small enough not to set off the explosives). ...
Defense Department Creates Databases for Traumatic Brain Injury - Brain and Spinal CordDefense Department Creates Databases for Traumatic Brain Injury - Brain and Spinal Cord
The U.S. Department of Defense recently announced the development of databases that will be used to track brain injury cases. The databases will allow doctors and military officials to diagnose and treat injured soldiers from the battlefield to the hospital and back home. Adam Robinson, a Vice Admiral and the Navys surgeon general, announced the creation of a spreadsheet for the Marine Corps to report blast injuries. The announcement took place before the House Armed Services Subcommittee on Military Personnel on April 13, 2010, according to a Next Gov article.. After any head or blast injury takes place in combat zones, data on the soldier and the injury in question is entered into a permanent spreadsheet stored in the database to assist caregivers and military officials in better evaluating, treating, and following up with every soldier who has endured a potential brain injury, including those soldiers who may not have reported their own injuries to authorities.. The Marine Corps also ...
cyclopedia gewgaw: New chemical sensor makes finding landmines and buried IEDs easiercyclopedia gewgaw: New chemical sensor makes finding landmines and buried IEDs easier
Thursday, August 2, 2012 A chemical sensing system developed by engineers at the University of Connecticut is believed to be the first of its kind capable of detecting vapors from buried landmines and other explosive devices with the naked eye rather than advanced scientific instrumentation.. The research was first reported in the May 11, 2012 online edition of Advanced Functional Materials.. The key to the system is a fluorescent nanofiberous film that can detect ultra-trace levels of explosive vapors and buried explosives when applied to an area where explosives are suspected. A chemical reaction marking the location of the explosive device occurs when the film is exposed to handheld ultraviolet light.. The system can detect nitroaromatics such as those found in TNT and 2,4-DNT (the militarys primary explosive and the principle components in landmines) as well as the elements used in harder to detect plastic explosives such as HMX, RDX, Tetryl, and PETN. The ultra-sensitive system can detect ...
National studies from the Netherlands and Finland and the impact of regulations on incidences of fireworks-related eye injuries...National studies from the Netherlands and Finland and the impact of regulations on incidences of fireworks-related eye injuries...
Fireworks-related eye injuries occur all over the world whenever fireworks are available for the public. The two prospective registers from Finland
Evaluation of Eye Injury Risk from Consumer FireworksEvaluation of Eye Injury Risk from Consumer Fireworks
Eye injuries affect approximately two million people annually. Various experimental studies have been performed to evaluate potentially injurious conditions from blunt objects using animal and human cadaver eyes. Experimental data from these studies have been used to develop injury risk curves to predict eye injuries based on projectile parameters such as kinetic energy and normalized energy. Recently, intraocular pressure (IOP) has been correlated to injury risk, which allows eye injuries to be predicted if projectile characteristics are unknown. Additionally, the measurement of IOP and the association of IOP to injury risk in experimental tests has opened up the field to studying eye injury mechanisms from overpressure. The current manuscript presents recent experimental tests that evaluated the response of human cadaver eyes exposed to firework overpressure. Consumer fireworks serve as a model of low level blast, and provides a foundation to studying higher blast overpressures (i.e., that ...
Brain Injuries With Similarities to Alzheimers Disease Could Be Caused By A Single Mild Blast ExposureBrain Injuries With Similarities to Alzheimer's Disease Could Be Caused By A Single Mild Blast Exposure
Even a single mild explosion can cause changes in the brain that have similarities to those found in diseases like Alzheimers disease and chronic traumatic encephalopathy reveals a new study.
Enhanced porosity preservation by pore fluid overpressure and chlorite grain coatings in the Triassic Skagerrak, Central Graben...Enhanced porosity preservation by pore fluid overpressure and chlorite grain coatings in the Triassic Skagerrak, Central Graben...
Current understanding of porosity preservation in deeply buried sandstone reservoirs tends to be focused on how diagenetic grain coatings of clay minerals and microquartz can inhibit macroquartz cementation. However, the importance of overpressure developed during initial (shallow) burial in maintaining high primary porosity during subsequent burial has generally not been appreciated. Where pore fluid pressures are high, and the vertical effective stress is low, the shallow arrest of compaction can allow preservation of high porosity and permeability at depths normally considered uneconomic. The deeply buried fluvial sandstone reservoirs of the Triassic Skagerrak Formation in the Central Graben, North Sea, show anomalously high porosities at depths greater than 3500 metres below sea floor (mbsf). Pore pressures can exceed 80 MPa in the upper part of the Skagerrak Formation at depths of 4000-5000 mbsf, where temperatures are above 140°C. The Skagerrak reservoirs commonly have high primary ...
Front Matter | Gulf War and Health: Volume 9: Long-Term Effects of Blast Exposures | The National Academies PressFront Matter | Gulf War and Health: Volume 9: Long-Term Effects of Blast Exposures | The National Academies Press
Read chapter Front Matter: Since the United States began combat operations in Afghanistan in October 2001 and then in Iraq in March 2003, the numbers of U...
NFPA - Legal or not, fireworks are too risky for amateursNFPA - Legal or not, fireworks are too risky for amateurs
Permanent scarring, loss of vision, dismemberment - these are too often the harsh realities of amateur fireworks use. To keep the public safe from fireworks-related injuries and deaths, NFPA urges everyone to treat fireworks, whether legal or illegal for consumers, as suitable only for use by trained professionals.
Adding face shields to helmets could help avoid blast-induced brain injuries - Healthcanal.com : Healthcanal.comAdding face shields to helmets could help avoid blast-induced brain injuries - Healthcanal.com : Healthcanal.com
CAMBRIDGE, Mass. - More than half of all combat-related injuries sustained by U.S. troops are the result of explosions, and many of those involve injuries to the head. According to the U.S. Department of Defense, about 130,000 U.S. service members deployed in Iraq and Afghanistan have sustained traumatic brain injuries - ranging from concussion to long-term brain damage and death - as a result of an explosion. Raul Radovitzky, an associate professor in MITs Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, is among the researchers looking at ways to prevent these injuries. In a paper published Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, he and his colleagues report that adding a face shield to the standard-issue helmet worn by the vast majority of U.S. ground troops could significantly reduce traumatic brain injury, or TBI. The extra protection offered by such a shield is critical, the researchers say, because the face is the main pathway through which pressure waves from an ...
Response by the Delegation of Malta to the Questionnaire on Anti-Personnel Mines and Explosive Remnants of War | OSCEResponse by the Delegation of Malta to the Questionnaire on Anti-Personnel Mines and Explosive Remnants of War | OSCE
The views, opinions, conclusions and other information expressed in this document are not given nor necessarily endorsed by the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) unless the OSCE is explicitly defined as the Author of this document.. ...
Combat Veterans Brains Reveal Hidden Damage from IED Blasts - 01/14/2015Combat Veterans' Brains Reveal Hidden Damage from IED Blasts - 01/14/2015
The brains of some Iraq and Afghanistan combat veterans who survived blasts from improvised explosive devices (IEDs) and died later of other causes show a distinctive honeycomb pattern of broken and swollen nerve fibers throughout critical brain regions, including those that control executive function. The pattern is different from brain damage caused by car crashes, drug overdoses or collision sports, and may be the never-before-reported signature of blast injuries suffered by soldiers as far back as World War I
Blast-related ocular trauma - WikipediaBlast-related ocular trauma - Wikipedia
Blast-related ocular trauma comprises a specialized group of penetrating and blunt force injuries to the eye and its structure caused by the detonation of explosive materials. The incidence of ocular trauma due to blast forces has increased dramatically with the introduction of new explosives technology into modern warfare. The availability of these volatile materials, coupled with the tactics of contemporary terrorism, has caused a rise in the number of homemade bombs capable of extreme physical harm. The United States Department of Defense classifies IEDs as explosive machines that are constructed exclusively (i.e., without mass production) and result in the direct physical harm of surrounding individuals. The use of these bombs by insurgents has been the number one cause of death and injury among Coalition soldiers since the start of Operation Iraqi Freedom in April 2003. Detonation of the IED occurs remotely or as victim-induced mechanical disturbance. Further classification of IEDs falls ...
Training teachers to deliver risk education - Examples of mainstreaming OSH into teacher training programmes - Safety and...Training teachers to deliver risk education - Examples of mainstreaming OSH into teacher training programmes - Safety and...
This report presents cases which involve training in-service and future teachers in either occupational safety and health (OSH) or in delivering risk education . Ideally, all teachers should receive training about OSH in their working lives and how to incorporate risk education into their daily work. If getting risk education properly embedded in the school curriculum is challenging, then it is even more difficult to get it into training programmes for future teachers. However, the cases present various approaches and methods that could be considered or elaborated upon.
Bees Used for Landmine DetectionBees Used for Landmine Detection
Using Bees for Landmine Detection: How It Works. Bees have an acute sense of smell, which enables them to find food. Taking advantage of this trait, a group of scientists, led by Jerry Bromenshenk and Joseph Shaw, have conditioned bees to interpret the scent of chemicals used in explosives as food. The association is established by adding traces of explosive by-products to bee feed.. Once the bees have been conditioned, the hungry swarm is let loose and tracked using lidar, a type of remote sensing that uses laser light. This technique is similar to sonar, which uses sound, and radar, which uses radio waves for tracking purposes.. Conditioned bees have shown a 97% or greater accuracy in finding landmines. Using similar conditioning methods, bees can also be used to detect bombs, drugs, and decomposing bodies. Although promising, the honey bee technique is subject to a couple of limitations:. ...
Unexploded Ordnance Survey | UXO | DynasafeUnexploded Ordnance Survey | UXO | Dynasafe
Dynasafe carry out unexploded ordnance surveys (UXO survey). They use a number of techniques to include, technical/non-technical & intrusive/non-intrusive.
DHS General Protective Measures For Vehicle Borne Improvised Explosive Devices (VBIED) | Public IntelligenceDHS General Protective Measures For Vehicle Borne Improvised Explosive Devices (VBIED) | Public Intelligence
Background: Vehicle Borne Improvised Explosive Devices (VBIEDs) pose complex security challenges for all sectors. To reduce vulnerabilities from an attack using VBIEDs, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Office for Bombing Prevention (OBP) recommends the protective measures listed below.. Scope: The principle objectives for implementing protective measures are to complicate attack planning and surveillance, protect potential targets, and mitigate the risk of attack. An effective approach should consider these phases:. a) Prevention. b) Assessment and Detection. c) Response. Prevention Phase. Security procedures that complicate attack planning and execution, increase public and responder safety in threat situations and promote consistent reporting of suspicious activities and vehicles.. • Establish a public awareness and vigilance campaign that re-enforces public awareness of a looming threat ...
Police: Trail man fled deputy, had explosive device in vehicle - News - MailTribune.com - Medford, ORPolice: Trail man fled deputy, had explosive device in vehicle - News - MailTribune.com - Medford, OR
A Trail man was arrested on numerous charges Thursday night after plowing into a bank of mailboxes north of Shady Cove while fleeing from police with an improvised explosive device in his car, authorities allege.Robert Phillip Tallman, 30, was driving a blue 1995 Pontiac Firebird with no license plate on Meadow Lane near Highway 62 when a Jackson County sheriffs deputy tried to pull him over at about 10:20 p.m., according to a sheriffs office release.Tallman fled for a short distance before
The Rise of Nuclear Fear-ATOMIC BOMB BLAST:The Blast Wave-Blast Effects on Humans-Electromagnetic Pulse-Nuclear Winter-THE END ...The Rise of Nuclear Fear-ATOMIC BOMB BLAST:The Blast Wave-Blast Effects on Humans-Electromagnetic Pulse-Nuclear Winter-THE END ...
Approximately 35 percent of the energy from a nuclear explosion is an intense burst of thermal radiation, i.e., heat. The effects are similar to the effect of a two-second flash from an enormous sunlamp. Since the thermal radiation travels at roughly the speed of light, the flash of light and heat precedes the blast wave by several seconds, just as lightning is seen before thunder is heard.. The visible light will produce "flashblindness" in people who are looking in the direction of the explosion. Flashblindness can last for several minutes, after which recovery is total. If the flash is focused through the lens of the eye, a permanent retinal burn will result. At Hiroshima and Nagasaki, there were many cases of flashblindness, but only one case of retinal burn, among the survivors. On the other hand, anyone flashblinded while driving a car could easiIy cause permanent injury to himself and to others.. Skin burns result from higher intensities of light, and therefore take place closer to the ...
Bottle Rockets Can Cause Serious Eye Injuries In Children - RedorbitBottle Rockets Can Cause Serious Eye Injuries In Children - Redorbit
Bottle rockets can cause significant eye injuries in children, often leading to permanent loss of vision, according to a report posted online today that will appear in the May print issue of Archives of Ophthalmology, one of the JAMA/Archives journals.. Of the estimated 9,200 emergency department admissions resulting from fireworks-related injuries each year, about 1,400 cases involve the eyes, according to background information in the article. A disproportionate number of these injuries are caused by bottle rockets. Bottle rockets are about half the size of a normal firework and consist of three main parts: an explosive-filled core, a nose cone that guides the fireworks flight and a guide stick, which stabilizes the rocket. "Injuries may result from direct high-velocity contact with the intact rocket, from parts of the rocket that may break off during flight or from neighboring debris propelled by the force of the rockets combustion," the authors write.. Mehnaz Kahn, M.S., and colleagues at ...
Cardiovascular Disease | CirculationCardiovascular Disease | Circulation
The armed conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan have brought new realities to military medicine in the types of battlefield injuries experienced by our soldiers, transitioning from the traditional predominance of penetrating wounds to a high proportion of blast injuries leading to multisystem trauma. Another change was a clear victory-startling success to unprecedented heights in the survival of battlefield casualties resulting from a highly coordinated and rapid escalation of care from the conflict theater to definitive life-saving interventions. As these conflicts now wind down, a reasonable question turns to the long-term medical impact to the fighting force to whom we, as a nation, pledge our support in sustaining their care in gratitude for their personal sacrifices. Among injuries exacting a long-term toll, traumatic brain injury has received considerable attention, as it should. However, the impacts of traumatic brain injury tend to be identifiable and relatively immediately apparent. In ...
Living with Landmines by Peter DudleyLiving with Landmines by Peter Dudley
... Published in The Pioneer, Oct. 29, 2005 Twenty kilometres outside the city of Pursat, Cambodia and off the two-lane highway is a place that does not show up on Fodors list of must-sees. A three-hour drive northwest of the capital of Phnom Penh, the small farming community of Svay Chhrum is much like other small villages in Cambodia. The dirt road into the village is rust red and full of potholes. It has not rained in months and in the 39c heat, the earth is cracked and split open. Cattle cross the road at will, oblivious to oncoming traffic.. There was a time when neither human nor beast could walk freely here. Landmines dictated movement. Finally, in 2002, the Cambodia Mine Action Centre (CMAC) came and demined the village. The mines may be gone but the consequences remain.. Under the thatched roof of a large open-air hut, a group of villagers converses with each other and the owner of the property, Seng Sopheap. The 37-year-old divorced mother of one sits ...
Dr. Gene C. Gurkoff - CBST WebsiteDr. Gene C. Gurkoff - CBST Website
Research interests and projects in the Neurotrauma labs include:. The neurotrauma has a wide-range of research interests. Some of the projects are translational with the goal of implementing our findings in the lab to patients in the ICU. Two current studies are investigating therapies to reduce neuronal toxicity following traumatic brain injury, especially in the cases where patients have a secondary insult such as ischemia, hypoxia or seizures. Additionally the lab is developing a model of neuromodulation (deep brain stimulation) to see if driving specific areas of the injured brain can restore function. The lab is also collaborating with members of the Lawrence Livermore National Lab to develop a sensor which could be used to better assess the forces involved in mechanical and blast injuries that are prevelant in sports and battle-field related injuries respectively.. The neurotrauma labs along with CBST also have an ongoing collaboration with Banyan Biomarkers Inc. in Gainesville Florida. ...
An experimental and kinetic modeling study of the pyrolysis and oxidation of n-C-3-C-5 aldehydes in shock tubesAn experimental and kinetic modeling study of the pyrolysis and oxidation of n-C-3-C-5 aldehydes in shock tubes
Due to the increasing interest in the use of biofuels for energy production, it is of great importance to better understand the combustion and thermal decomposition characteristics of species such as aldehydes. These are known to be key intermediate products of transport fossil and bio-fuels combustion and are also dangerous pollutants emitted from combustion in internal combustion engines and from gasification of biomasses. In this study, an experimental and kinetic modeling investigation of propanal, n-butanal and n-pentanal pyrolysis and oxidation in two shock tube facilities was carried out. Experiments were performed in a single pulse shock tube to determine the speciation profiles of the fuels and intermediate species under pyrolysis conditions for mixture of pure propanal/n-butanal/n-pentanal (3%)-Ar (97%), at averaged reflected pressure of 1.9 atm and at reflected shock temperatures of 972-1372 K. Additionally, ignition delay times for mixtures of pure propanal/n-butanal/n-pentanal ...
Traumatic InjuryTraumatic Injury
... is a chapter in the book, Emergency Medicine, containing the following 10 pages: Penetrating Trauma, Motor Vehicle Accident, Trauma Transfer, Near-Hanging, Mass Casualty Incident, Blast Injury, Trauma Evaluation, Trauma History, Secondary Trauma Evaluation, Diagnostic Testing in Trauma.
Traumatic InjuryTraumatic Injury
... is a chapter in the book, Emergency Medicine, containing the following 9 pages: Trauma Evaluation, Trauma History, Secondary Trauma Evaluation, Diagnostic Testing in Trauma, Penetrating Trauma, Mass Casualty Incident, Blast Injury, Trauma Transfer, Near-Hanging.
HealthHub | Brigham and Womens Hospital Health Blog » Archives Avoiding Burn Injuries from Sparklers - HealthHub | Brigham...HealthHub | Brigham and Women's Hospital Health Blog » Archives Avoiding Burn Injuries from Sparklers - HealthHub | Brigham...
On the 4th of July, Marissa Keane, a former Project Manager in the Marketing Department at Brigham and Womens Hospital (BWH), was looking forward to relaxing with friends and family at a celebration in a nearby state. Instead, her evening ended with second-degree burns and a visit to an urgent care center.. During the festivities, someone standing near Marissa began waving a sparkler. The motion cast off a spark onto Marissas clothing, which were made of flammable material. Fortunately, Marissa noticed what happened before her blouse completely ignited. Still, she suffered a serious burn on her chest that required medical treatment.. Marissas experience is an important reminder about the dangers of sparklers, an iconic symbol of July 4th celebrations. According to the Consumer Product Safety Commission, fireworks-related injuries result in an average of 240 daily visits to the emergency room in the thirty days surrounding the July 4th holiday. Nearly one-third of these injuries are due to ...
Body armor - WikipediaBody armor - Wikipedia
After the Vietnam War, military planners developed a concept of "Casualty Reduction".[31] The large body of casualty data made clear that in a combat situation, fragments, not bullets, were the greatest threat to soldiers. After WWII vests were being developed and fragment testing was in its early stages.[32] Artillery shells, mortar shells, aerial bombs, grenades, and antipersonnel mines are all fragmentation devices. They all contain a steel casing that is designed to burst into small steel fragments or shrapnel, when their explosive core detonates. After considerable effort measuring fragment size distribution from various NATO and Soviet Bloc munitions, a fragment test was developed. Fragment simulators were designed and the most common shape is a Right Circular Cylinder or RCC simulator. This shape has a length equal to its diameter. These RCC Fragment Simulation Projectiles (FSPs) are tested as a group. The test series most often includes 2 grain (0.13 g), 4 grain (0.263 g), 16 grain (1.0 ...
CFO Press Release 7/1/2002 Gallagher: Celebrate the Fourth of July SafelyCFO Press Release 7/1/2002 Gallagher: Celebrate the Fourth of July Safely
The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission estimates that in the year 2000 about 11,000 people were treated in hospital emergency rooms for fireworks-related injuries. Half of those reported injured were children 14 years and younger. The most common injuries were to the hands, face and eyes. Ten people were reported to have died from their injuries ...
Two killed in landmine blast in NigeriaTwo killed in landmine blast in Nigeria
Kano, Nigeria , AFP , Two people were killed when a convoy of civilian vehicles hit landmines in northeast Nigeria, a driver and a local militia member said on Wednesday.. Babakura Kolo, from the Civilian Joint Task Force helping the military with security, said the blasts happened at Koibe village on the Mafa to Dikwa road in Borno state.. "In the first incident which occurred around 12:00 pm (1100 GMT) a car carrying five people hit a mine. Two people died and three others sustained injuries," he told AFP.. "Three minutes later a truck carrying passengers hit another explosive, resulting in the several injuries among the passengers. It is not clear how many people were wounded.". A driver who gave his name only as Umar corroborated the account.. The vehicles were under military escort and heading from the Borno state capital to Dikwa 90 kilometres (50 miles) away at the time.. Nigerias military has said roads are reopened to traffic in and out of Maiduguri but many routes still require ...
Exposure to bomb blasts may cause brain injury in vets -- without symptoms | Fox NewsExposure to bomb blasts may cause brain injury in vets -- without symptoms | Fox News
New research has revealed that veterans exposed explosive bomb blasts are still at risk of damage in their brains white matter - even when brain injury symptoms do not present.
litigationsupport-personalinjurycases - riccollinslitigationsupport-personalinjurycases - riccollins
1. Blast waves and Explosions - Published research studies in gas dynamics ¨ Shock Physics: Development and implementation of experimental programs for generating cylindrical explosions by strong electrical discharge into stoichiometric mixtures of hydrogen and oxygen. High speed rotating drum and multi-spark Schlieren photography. Analysis of results within a framework of wave propagation theory.. ¨ Nuclear Explosions at the Ocean Surface: Theoretical analysis of shock wave propagation with special attention to the air-water interface.. ¨ Shock Wave Propagation of arbitrary strength into regions of non-uniform density separated by a free surface - Analytical and numerical techniques based on the method of characteristics.. ¨ Breakup of liquid droplets released into high-speed gas flows (2 to 5 km/sec) - analysis subsequently corroborated by. experiments.. ¨ Fluid-Shell Interactions: Theoretical analysis of the dynamic response of a submerged structure to underwater explosions - numerical ...
Bus landmine blast in eastern Ukraine kills at least 4 - police - RT World NewsBus landmine blast in eastern Ukraine kills at least 4 - police - RT World News
At least 4 people were killed when a minibus tried to skip a line of vehicles at a checkpoint in eastern Ukraine and hit a landmine, local authorities reported.
Landmine and Cluster Munition MonitorLandmine and Cluster Munition Monitor
At the First Review Conference in Nairobi, Kenya, Yemen was identified as one of 24 States Parties with significant numbers of mine survivors and "the greatest responsibility to act, but also the greatest needs and expectations for assistance" in providing adequate services for the care, rehabilitation and reintegration of survivors.[123] As part of its commitment to the Nairobi Action Plan, Yemen prepared its 2005-2009 objectives for the Sixth Meeting of States Parties in Zagreb. The objectives included: developing a nationwide landmine surveillance system (2006); providing and financing emergency and ongoing medical care, as well as physical rehabilitation, for 2,000 survivors by 2009; evaluating and finding ways to improve health infrastructure, rehabilitation services and coordination, starting in 2006; determining what counseling services are needed and can be established; establishing six new vocational training centers and economically reintegrate 500 survivors by 2009; and implementing ...
Establishment of segment polarity in the ectoderm of the leech Helobdella | DevelopmentEstablishment of segment polarity in the ectoderm of the leech Helobdella | Development
The segmented ectoderm and mesoderm of the leech arise via a stereotyped cell lineage from embryonic stem cells called teloblasts. Each teloblast gives rise to a column of primary blast cell daughters, and the blast cells generate descendant clones that serve as the segmental repeats of their particular teloblast lineage. We have examined the mechanism by which the leech primary blast cell clones acquire segment polarity - i.e. a fixed sequence of positional values ordered along the anteroposterior axis of the segmental repeat. In the O and P teloblast lineages, the earliest divisions of the primary blast cell segregate anterior and posterior cell fates along the anteroposterior axis. Using a laser microbeam, we ablated single cells from both o and p blast cell clones at stages when the clone was two to four cells in length. The developmental fate of the remaining cells was characterized with rhodamine-dextran lineage tracer. Twelve different progeny cells were ablated, and in every case the ...
Treating Battlefield Injuries with NanoemulsionsTreating Battlefield Injuries with Nanoemulsions
In the combat zones of Afghanistan and Iraq, soldiers often suffer shrapnel wounds and burns as a result of improvised explosive device blasts.. But other threats - bacteria, viruses and fungi - linger in the air and soil. Contact with the soldiers broken skin can lead to debilitating and potentially life-threatening infections.. With the goal of developing a treatment that can be applied to soldiers wounds at battle zones and hospitals to prevent infections, the U.S. Department of Defense allocated a $1.5 million grant to researchers at the University of Michigan and the NanoBio Corporation, the university announced Tuesday.. Researchers at the universitys Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences and the Ann Arbor-based NanoBio Corp., a biopharmeceutical company, will use the money to study the effects of nanoemulsion-based therapies on curbing wound and burn infections in combat situations.. "A broadly effective nanoemulsion-based wound treatment that can be ...
Seismic signature of active intrusions in mountain chains | Science AdvancesSeismic signature of active intrusions in mountain chains | Science Advances
Our seismological and geochemical analyses and the results of the heat flow modeling show that the 2013-2014 Matese sequence occurred in an SA area characterized by a geothermal anomaly. The seismic events surround a dike-like aseismic zone and show tensile-shear ruptures triggered by a fluid overpressure episode. The high attenuation zone centered on the Matese epicentral area, the dike-like aseismic volume depicted by the hypocenters, the recorded heat flow anomaly, and the release of deep CO2 mirror a condition frequently observed in active volcanic areas (27-30). Therefore, the above reported geophysical and geochemical data could be the signature of hot magma feeding a preexisting intrusion and generating a fluid overpressure in the SA crust. The dike-like magmatic reservoir and its fluid-rich aureole account for the seismic attenuation around the subvertical hypocentral cloud. These features cannot be explained by an input of gas alone because the ascent of gas generally produces ...
PQDT OpenPQDT Open
Petroleum is generated from finely grained source rocks rich in organic materials and accumulated and trapped in reservoir rocks with relatively higher permeability and porosity. Expulsion of petroleum through and out of source rocks is called primary migration. Primary migration, as a link between source rocks and carrier rocks, presents a vital challenge to the society of petroleum geosciences and exploration and attracts the research interests of many geologists and geochemists. Despite extensive research the effective mechanisms responsible for primary migration of hydrocarbons are still in intensive debate. Conversion of kerogen to oil and/or gas results in appreciable volume increase due to the density difference between the precursor and the products. Overpressure is developed as a natural consequence in well-sealed dense source rocks at great depths. When the overpressure reaches some critical value, bedding-parallel microcracks are initiated owing to laminated structure and strength ...
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Blast injury | Britannica.comBlast injury | Britannica.com
Blast injury - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaBlast injury - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Molecular Changes in Brain After Mild Blast Injury are Similar to Those Caused by AlzheimersMolecular Changes in Brain After Mild Blast Injury are Similar to Those Caused by Alzheimer's
Frontiers | Assessing Neuro-Systemic & Behavioral Components in the Pathophysiology of Blast-Related Brain Injury | NeurologyFrontiers | Assessing Neuro-Systemic & Behavioral Components in the Pathophysiology of Blast-Related Brain Injury | Neurology
Bomb blast injuries to the ear: the London Bridge incident series. | Emergency Medicine JournalBomb blast injuries to the ear: the London Bridge incident series. | Emergency Medicine Journal
Frontiers | Chronic Hypopituitarism Associated with Increased Postconcussive Symptoms Is Prevalent After Blast-induced Mild...Frontiers | Chronic Hypopituitarism Associated with Increased Postconcussive Symptoms Is Prevalent After Blast-induced Mild...
LLNL research reveals how blast waves may cause human brain injury even without direct head impactsLLNL research reveals how blast waves may cause human brain injury even without direct head impacts
Evaluation of the outcome of blast injuries presented to emergency department in suez canal university hospitals for El Sayed...Evaluation of the outcome of blast injuries presented to emergency department in suez canal university hospitals for El Sayed...
Voluntary Alcohol Intake following Blast Exposure in a Rat Model of Mild Traumatic Brain InjuryVoluntary Alcohol Intake following Blast Exposure in a Rat Model of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Firecracker and Blast Injuries | ACEPs PEM MicrositeFirecracker and Blast Injuries | ACEP's PEM Microsite
Commonest organ injured primary blast injuries is a Lung Liverc Spleend SkiCommonest organ injured primary blast injuries is a Lung Liverc Spleend Ski
ICD-10 Diagnosis Code S27.41 Primary blast injury of bronchusICD-10 Diagnosis Code S27.41 Primary blast injury of bronchus
Hearing Loss | Help For Veterans | Royal British LegionHearing Loss | Help For Veterans | Royal British Legion
CDC - Mining Project - Blast Damage Control to Reduce Injuries - NIOSHCDC - Mining Project - Blast Damage Control to Reduce Injuries - NIOSH
Blast hits China chemical plant, one injury reported | ReutersBlast hits China chemical plant, one injury reported | Reuters
IOM: Need More Data on Blast Injuries | MedPage TodayIOM: Need More Data on Blast Injuries | MedPage Today
Blast Injury Research Coordinating Office (BIRCO)Blast Injury Research Coordinating Office (BIRCO)
Skull-flexing blasts may explain puzzling brain injuries | New ScientistSkull-flexing blasts may explain puzzling brain injuries | New Scientist
Blast Injury to Abdomen by Depth Charge | The BMJBlast Injury to Abdomen by Depth Charge | The BMJ
NIOSHTIC-2 Publications Search - 20044258 - Burn Injury Facts: Arc Flash/Blast.NIOSHTIC-2 Publications Search - 20044258 - Burn Injury Facts: Arc Flash/Blast.
Making Light: Trauma and You, Part Six: Blast InjuriesMaking Light: Trauma and You, Part Six: Blast Injuries
What Neuroimages Can Teach About Blast Injuries | BrainLineWhat Neuroimages Can Teach About Blast Injuries | BrainLine
Blast Injury Science and Engineering | SpringerLinkBlast Injury Science and Engineering | SpringerLink
Relevance of Blood Vessel Networks in Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain InjuryRelevance of Blood Vessel Networks in Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury
Browsing Technical documents by Subject Blast InjuriesBrowsing Technical documents by Subject "Blast Injuries"
Exposure to bomb blasts may cause brain injury in vets -- without symptoms | Fox NewsExposure to bomb blasts may cause brain injury in vets -- without symptoms | Fox News
IRAQ Kirkuk, series of suspected ISIS blasts causes several deaths and injuriesIRAQ Kirkuk, series of suspected ISIS blasts causes several deaths and injuries
I-BESS Battlefield Blast Detection System to Help Detect Soldier Injuries (video) | MedgadgetI-BESS Battlefield Blast Detection System to Help Detect Soldier Injuries (video) | Medgadget
按主题Blast Injuries浏览Technical documents按主题"Blast Injuries"浏览Technical documents
Cooper wont alter Blast style Despite injuries, physical game stays - tribunedigital-baltimoresunCooper won't alter Blast style Despite injuries, physical game stays - tribunedigital-baltimoresun
Vestibular Consequences of Blast-related Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govVestibular Consequences of Blast-related Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Brain Injuries With Similarities to Alzheimers Disease Could Be Caused By A Single Mild Blast ExposureBrain Injuries With Similarities to Alzheimer's Disease Could Be Caused By A Single Mild Blast Exposure
Two months after Maur blasts, 12-year-old succumbs to injuries in Ludhiana hospital | punjab | bhatinda | Hindustan TimesTwo months after Maur blasts, 12-year-old succumbs to injuries in Ludhiana hospital | punjab | bhatinda | Hindustan Times
Diffusion tensor imaging reveals acute subcortical changes after mild blast-induced traumatic brain injuryDiffusion tensor imaging reveals acute subcortical changes after mild blast-induced traumatic brain injury
The ultrastructure of rat lung following acute primary blast injury. - PubMed - NCBIThe ultrastructure of rat lung following acute primary blast injury. - PubMed - NCBI
Subject: Blast injuries | Search Results | Academic CommonsSubject: Blast injuries | Search Results | Academic Commons
New technology may protect troops from blast-induced brain injuryNew technology may protect troops from blast-induced brain injury
Adding face shields to helmets could help avoid blast-induced brain injuries - Healthcanal.com : Healthcanal.comAdding face shields to helmets could help avoid blast-induced brain injuries - Healthcanal.com : Healthcanal.com
Canadiens Gallagher suffers gruesome hand injury after blocking Weber blast | The Hockey NewsCanadiens' Gallagher suffers gruesome hand injury after blocking Weber blast | The Hockey News
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ExposureMTBICentre for Blast Injury StudiesExplosionsPrimary blast injurySevereBTBIVeteransShrapnelTraumaLungOverpressureMechanismsPatternsWavesBrainSymptomsAffected by the blast wavePTSDResearchersBombImpactsTraumaExplosionPrimary blast injuriesVeteransQuaternarySecondaryResearchersExplosiveMild blast-induced traumatic brainLung InjuryBomb blastOrgansPathophysiologyBrain InjuryOccurSoldiersOccursAcuteLungsWaveExplosivesClinicalTroopsCONCLUSIONSLimbShrapnelMultisystem injuriesSeverityPulmonaryHistory of blast exposureProjectilesEffects of blastBallisticDizzinessPatterns of injuryMilitaryAmputationsSignificantlyImpact of blastTertiary BlastOverpressure exposureConsequencesAbdomenLife-threatenDiagnosis
Exposure9
MTBI6
Centre for Blast Injury Studies1
Explosions1
Primary blast injury2
Severe3
BTBI1
Veterans1
Shrapnel1
Trauma4
Lung4
Overpressure2
Mechanisms1
  • Current Explosive mechanisms [improvised explosive devices (IEDs), landmines, and rocket-propelled grenades (RPGs)] are believed to account for 56-78% of Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF), Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), and Operation New Dawn (OND) related injuries ( 3 , 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
Patterns1
  • Explosives are categorized as high-order (HE) explosives or low-order (LE) explosives and they each cause different injury patterns. (wikipedia.org)
Waves5
Brain4
Symptoms1
  • After a blast event, the Soldier may downplay their symptoms, but if they have an amber or red indicator light on their blast gauge, that can't be downplayed. (darpa.mil)
Affected by the blast wave1
  • The structures of the internal ears are most often affected by the blast wave, with perforated ear drums the most common injury. (wikipedia.org)
PTSD1
  • The paradigm of not seeking medical aid for the 'invisible injuries' of war, which include PTSD and TBI, is changing but there is still some reluctance to seeking aid. (darpa.mil)
Researchers1
  • In response to DARPA's need for larger production quantities and rapid device refinement, RIT researchers subsequently formed BlackBox Biometrics, a small business, to commercialize and manufacture the Blast Gauges. (darpa.mil)
Bomb1
  • Redirection of blast force of a terrorist bomb placed in public area trashcan designed to reduce risk potential. (wikipedia.org)
Impacts1
Trauma21
Explosion33
Primary blast injuries6
Veterans27
  • There's insufficient reporting and research on the long-term health effects on U.S. veterans from blast exposure during Gulf War combat missions, according to the Institute of Medicine (IOM). (medpagetoday.com)
  • In the report, the IOM committee made recommendations to the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) on "how to produce research that would answer the question: What bad things does exposure to blast do to a human being? (medpagetoday.com)
  • Now, new research has revealed that veterans exposed to these types of blasts are still at risk of damage in their brain's white matter - even when symptoms do not present. (foxnews.com)
  • After being exposed to a blast, many military personnel will experience TBI symptoms, such as losing consciousness, blurred vision and headaches, but some veterans will come away from the experience without any clear signs of injury. (foxnews.com)
  • In order to analyze the effects of blasts further, Morey and his team evaluated 45 U.S. veterans who had served in the military since September 2001. (foxnews.com)
  • The idea would be that people who have had blast exposure should be aware that if they're experiencing chronic symptoms - like depression, irritability or fatigue - [veterans] and doctors should be aware it could be from blast exposure," Morey said. (foxnews.com)
  • mTBI has been called the signature condition of Veterans returning from Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF), and the cause is often related to blast exposure from improvised explosive devices, mortars or rocket-propelled grenades. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • Four subject groups will include Veterans complaining of dizziness/imbalance with (1) a history of blast exposure, (2) with mTBI, (3) with blast exposure and mTBI, and (4) a control group. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • To create the models, Radovitzky and his students collaborated with David Moore, a neurologist at the Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center at Walter Reed Army Medical Center, who used magnetic resonance imaging to model features of the head. (healthcanal.com)
  • Blast injuries are common among military personnel and veterans who were exposed to loud sounds during their time in active duty. (hear.com)
  • Characterizing effects of mild traumatic brain injury and posttraumatic stress disorder on balance impairments in blast-exposed servicemembers and Veterans using computerized posturography. (nih.gov)
  • Data were analyzed from a subject pool of 166 combat-exposed SMs and Veterans who had a blast experience within the past 2 yr while deployed. (nih.gov)
  • NFTs are characteristic CTE lesions found in the brains of athletes with repetitive concussive injury, and as reported in this study, U.S. military veterans with blast exposure. (healthcanal.com)
  • The results showed that the brain damage in blast-exposed veterans is similar to the brain injuries observed in football players who have sustained repetitive concussive head injuries. (healthcanal.com)
  • Fourteen veterans with a history of blast exposure and/or mTBI (B/mTBI) (age 27.5±3.9) and eleven veterans with no history (No B/mTBI) (age 28.1±4.3) completed FDG PET studies during wakefulness, REM sleep, and NREM sleep. (nih.gov)
  • Veterans in the mTBI group had experienced one or more blast-related concussions. (frontiersin.org)
  • These findings suggest consideration of routine post-deployment neuroendocrine screening of service members and veterans who have experienced blast-related mTBI and are reporting post-concussive symptoms. (frontiersin.org)
  • This material is based on resources from Department of Veterans Affairs-Post-Deployment Health Services/War Related Illness and Injury Study Center and use of facilities from Veterans Affairs New Jersey Health Care System in East Orange, New Jersey. (annals.org)
  • At least three veterans groups, including the Blinded Veterans Association, are backing the congressional push to - as the letter to DOD and VA states - "get a better understanding of the connection between blast injuries and suicide. (nbcnews.com)
  • The portion of U.S. service members who sustained TBIs increased each year from 2001 to 2011 - with a total of 266,810 brain injuries diagnosed in American troops between 2000 and 2012, according to the Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center , part of the DOD. (nbcnews.com)
  • The other consisted of Veterans with similar military deployment histories but without blast exposure. (washington.edu)
  • Despite the prevalence of blast-related injuries among returning war veterans there are still big gaps in research into long-term effects, according to a newly released study by the National Academy of Science's Institutes of Medicine (IOM). (apta.org)
  • The report also includes 10 recommendations for further study, mostly directed at the US Department of Defense (DOD) and Veterans Administration (VA). The recommendations focus on the need for further research and longitudinal studies as well as analyses of institutional barriers to collaborative studies, and an investigation into biomarkers of blast injury. (apta.org)
  • The average time that had passed between the veterans suffering blast-induced injury and undergoing DTI scans was over 4 years. (flistnews.com)
  • As more than 4 years had passed since the veterans had been exposed to the blasts, the researchers say their study shows the presence of a long-term impact of blast injury on the brain. (flistnews.com)
  • This may explain the ongoing cognitive and behavior symptoms seen in some veterans with a history of blast-related MTBI, they add. (flistnews.com)
  • But this study could imply that many thousands more veterans have service-connected wounds from blast exposure, and it might change the way the military treats blast victims, even those who don't have obvious injuries. (tspr.org)
Quaternary3
Secondary7
Researchers15
  • So even though limb amputations after blast exposure damage would seem obviously associated, the data was too incomplete to allow researchers to rank it as truly causation for a long-term health effect," Bazarian explained. (medpagetoday.com)
  • He also noted that researchers focused on injuries sustained during combat, but did not offer details. (medpagetoday.com)
  • Even when the researchers looked at the mechanism (blast or non-blast), "they often didn't compare the injuries in a war fighter exposed to blast to the injuries in a war fighter not exposed to blast. (medpagetoday.com)
  • Since their study only focused on patient outcomes, the researchers still do not know exactly how explosive blasts cause TBI or why some individuals experience symptoms and others do not. (foxnews.com)
  • Researchers from the University of Maryland School of Medicine (UMSOM) and the University of Maryland A. James Clark School of Engineering have developed a new military vehicle shock absorbing device that may protect troops from traumatic brain injury (TBI) after a land mine blast. (brightsurf.com)
  • Raul Radovitzky, an associate professor in MIT's Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, is among the researchers looking at ways to prevent these injuries. (healthcanal.com)
  • The researchers compared how the brain would respond to the same blast wave simulated in three scenarios: a head with no helmet, a head wearing the ACH, and a head wearing the ACH with a face shield. (healthcanal.com)
  • While researchers can put instruments inside helmets to test and measure the impact of blasts on the helmets, "what is ultimately important is the impact of the blast on the face, skull and brain," he says, noting that the models created by Radovitzky's team help to predict that impact. (healthcanal.com)
  • Now, researchers from the Royal British Legion Centre for Blast Injury Studies at Imperial College London will lead on a project to set up a regional surgical blast injury hub in Sri Lanka, thanks to funds from the UK's Department of Health . (imperial.ac.uk)
  • The Imperial researchers, working with their partners, will firstly address the characteristics of blast injuries in the region so that they can identify when amputations can be avoided and limb salvage procedures conducted. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • The researchers also compared brain tissue samples from four soldiers with known blast exposure and/or concussive injury with brain tissue samples from three amateur American football players and a professional wrestler with histories of repetitive concussive injuries. (healthcanal.com)
  • The three-year-long study, believed to be the first and only research effort that has clearly identified an injury mechanism from the direct effects of blasts, involved 35 researchers from 14 university research centers, medical schools, hospitals or other centers. (healthcanal.com)
  • Researchers identified early indicators of retinal injury and inflammation that may help detect individuals at risk of visual impairment who would then benefit from more timely treatment. (medicalxpress.com)
  • But the small wearable devices did produce a trove of data on blast exposure that could eventually have helped researchers understand the links between bomb blasts, concussions and brain diseases. (wrvo.org)
  • Researchers reviewed literature about blast-related burn injury, which is common among service members and is associated with infection, disability, military discharge, and mortality. (rand.org)
Explosive15
  • A blast injury is a wound caused by direct or indirect exposure to an explosive blast . (wikipedia.org)
  • High-order explosives (HE) detonation causes the explosive material to change into a highly pressurized gas which travels at supersonic speeds creating a 'blast wave' (over-pressurization shock wave). (wikipedia.org)
  • In conflict zones such as Afghanistan and Iraq, military personnel are often exposed to intense explosive blasts, which can lead to symptoms of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and eventually long-term brain damage. (foxnews.com)
  • The Army is also installing 42 vehicles with floor-and seat-mounted accelerometers to measure the effect of blasts on soldiers inside vehicles hit by improvised explosive devices. (medgadget.com)
  • Funded by the Joint Improvised Explosive Device Defeat Organization through the Army Research Office and the ISN, the analysis revealed that although the ACH - as currently designed and deployed - slightly delayed the arrival of the blast wave, it didn't significantly mitigate the wave's effects on brain tissue. (healthcanal.com)
  • The breakthrough study, published today in the journal Science Translational Medicine , finds that the brain injuries suffered by soldiers from improvised explosive devices (IEDs) are due to the head rotation or motion from the blast wind. (healthcanal.com)
  • Thus, despite developments in military protective wear, the blast produced by many improvised explosive devices is associated with closed, as well as open-globe, injuries from fragmentary munitions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For example, the major ingredient in Composition C-4 (Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine or RDX [Royal Demolition eXplosive]) can generate an initial pressure of more than 4 million pounds per square inch (4x10E6 PSI).13 These high pressure gases rapidly expand from the original volume and generate a marked pressure wave the blast wave that moves outward in all directions. (crashingpatient.com)
  • The blast wave refers to an intense rise in pressure often called over pressure that is created by the detonation of a high explosive This increase in pressure can be so abrupt that it can shatter materials also known as a shock wave. (crashingpatient.com)
  • Injury caused by projectiles formed from the explosive device, or from the local environment (leading to blunt and penetrating injuries). (webnode.com)
  • Injuries caused by other explosive effects, including burns and inhalation injury. (webnode.com)
  • Musculoskeletal injuries are particularly common in combat situations where compartment syndromes and traumatic amputations may be a result of improvised explosive devices. (qqmovies.info)
  • The wounding patterns of blast injuries are well known to any military medic who has served recently on operations, with Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) constituting a significant proportion of the casualties on the battlefields of Iraq and Afghanistan. (sofrep.com)
  • Primary blast injury results from the over-pressurisation wave emanating from high-explosive charges interacting with body surfaces. (sofrep.com)
  • Children are not adults in miniature as they suffer unique patterns of injury and research has shown they are disproportionately affected by explosive weapons, Save the Children said. (japandailysun.com)
Mild blast-induced traumatic brain1
  • Mild blast-induced traumatic brain injury (mbTBI) poses special diagnostic challenges due to its overlapping symptomatology with other neuropsychiatric conditions and the lack of objective outcome measures. (nih.gov)
Lung Injury2
Bomb blast9
  • Two months after twin bomb blast in Maur, 12-year-old Ankush Kumar succumbed to injuries in Ludhiana hospital on early Friday morning. (hindustantimes.com)
  • The local residents and members of the Maur Bomb Blast Virodhi Sangharsh Committee staged a protest keeping Ankush's body in the middle of the road and they insisted they will not hold the last rites of the child till their demands are accepted. (hindustantimes.com)
  • Bomb blast injuries to the ear: the London Bridge incident series. (bmj.com)
  • Twelve patients who were treated for ear injuries at Guy's Hospital following the London Bridge bomb blast in February 1992 were reviewed. (bmj.com)
  • In summary, the ear is very susceptible to bomb blast injury, but there is a high rate of spontaneous closure of perforations and improvement of sensorineural hearing loss and tinnitus. (bmj.com)
  • Oddly, the soldier hadn't been anywhere near a bomb blast. (wrvo.org)
  • Follow this link to see an animated reconstruction of a bomb blast in an enclosed space . (webnode.com)
  • But among those with symptoms, 79 percent had felt the concussive wave of a bomb blast at some point. (tspr.org)
  • Medics are prepared to treat soldiers, and even civilian adults - but its children who are most likely to die if caught in a bomb blast, landmine or artillery strike. (japandailysun.com)
Organs11
  • At the top of the list, the committee found sufficient evidence for a causal relationship between blast exposure and vision loss from penetrating eye injury and functional loss in blast-exposed sex organs. (medpagetoday.com)
  • Air and fluid-filled internal organs are most commonly affected, but the blast wave may also cause external injuries such as traumatic amputation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Recently, methods have been developed to assess otolith function, and there is some evidence that head injury may affect the otolith organs to a greater degree than the semicircular canals. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • Dr. Fiskum and Dr. Fourney were the first to demonstrate how the enormous acceleration (G-force) that occupants of vehicles experience during under-vehicle blasts can cause mild to moderate TBI even under conditions where other vital organs are unscathed. (brightsurf.com)
  • These studies demonstrated that Kevlar protection is effective in protecting internal organs from injury, but that the brain and eyes are still affected by the blast wave. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Air-filled organs, such as the ears, lungs, stomach, and intestines are particularly at risk for blast injuries. (cemmlibrary.org)
  • The first mechanism of injury usually described as the etiology of primary blast injury is the implosion of gas-filled spaces as the high pressure blast wave compresses them.18,19 This theory states that the organs that are most vulnerable to blast injury are those containing air because the air readily is compressed. (crashingpatient.com)
  • These injuries usually affect organs that involve air meaning lungs, bowels, and ears. (emergencymedicalminute.com)
  • Air-filled organs (eg ear, lung, and gastrointestinal tract) and organs surrounded by fluid-filled cavities (eg brain and spinal cord) are particularly susceptible to primary blast injury. (qqmovies.info)
  • The report identified permanent eye injury and damage to genitourinary organs as highly linked, while pulmonary function, vertigo, and exercise limitation were described as insufficiently linked to the initial blast injury. (apta.org)
  • Their skulls are still not fully formed, and their undeveloped muscles offer less protection, so a blast is more likely to damage their brain and lungs or tear apart organs in their abdomen, even when theres no visible damage. (japandailysun.com)
Pathophysiology2
Brain Injury38
Occur8
Soldiers3
  • The Army hopes that the I-BESS (Integrated Blast Effects Sensor Suite) system, which passively collects and manages the data with minimal maintenance by the soldiers, will help identify those with a greater chance for asymptomatic injuries, often in the brain, and improve armor and other mitigation strategies. (medgadget.com)
  • This would be difficult to test in any useful way without using models," says Joseph Rosen, a professor of surgery at the Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center who was not involved in this research but who chaired a Department of Defense science panel that analyzed the impact of blast injuries on wounded soldiers. (healthcanal.com)
  • New research being presented at the annual meeting of the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) in Chicago, IL, this week shows how a highly sensitive type of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can reveal the long-term impact of blast-induced brain injuries in soldiers. (flistnews.com)
Occurs5
  • The current study expands upon our earlier finding that chronic pituitary gland dysfunction occurs with a similarly high frequency after blast-related concussions. (frontiersin.org)
  • This occurs even when the bulk head accelerations induced by a blast wave are much smaller than from a direct impact. (rxpgnews.com)
  • Primary blast injury occurs when the blast wave hits the body. (cemmlibrary.org)
  • With that thought in mind, it is important that first responders and civilian medical staff have an understanding of the patterns of injury associated with blasts, as to be best prepared for the very real possibility that a mass-casualty incident occurs in their city. (sofrep.com)
  • When this occurs, the blast wave either accelerates (when moving from high to low densities) or decelerates (when moving from low to high densities). (sofrep.com)
Acute1
Lungs5
  • Blast lung can result in pulmonary contusions, bleeding and fluid build-up in the lungs with damage to airways and blood vessels. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the experiments reported here the ultrastructural changes seen in lungs from rats exposed to a blast wave impacting on the right side of the chest are described. (nih.gov)
  • There isn t enough time during the passage of the overpressure phase of the blast wave for gas to transfer from the lungs to the outside world through the trachea.20 The second possible major mechanism of primary blast injury often is termed spalling. (crashingpatient.com)
  • As the blast wave moves into the air-filled lungs however the density of the tissue decreases significantly and the blast wave accelerates, causing increased damage. (sofrep.com)
  • The resultant injury to the lung is known as blast lung, and can cause insidious deterioration in lung function over a period of hours to days after blast exposure as fluid leaks into the lungs as a result of the damage caused by the pressure wave. (sofrep.com)
Wave35
  • Solid blast is the effect of a pressure wave that strikes the walls of a contained environment like that of a submarine or tank. (britannica.com)
  • 2. A high-amperage arc can produce a pressure wave blast with a force of up to 1000 pounds. (cdc.gov)
  • The combination of pressure wave and blast wind may weaken structures. (nielsenhayden.com)
  • There were barely any external signs of injury, death was due solely to internal injuries from the blast wave. (wikipedia.org)
  • The structures of the internal ears are most often affected by the blast wave, with perforated ear drums the most common injury. (wikipedia.org)
  • But the hypothesis is…experts think the energy transmitted from the blast wave gets transferred to the brain tissue and then damages the brain tissue. (foxnews.com)
  • Some investigators have presumed that dizziness and balance disorders following blast exposure are related to CNS damage caused by the TBI rather than the pressure wave from the blast injury. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • The models integrate with unprecedented detail the anatomical features of the head, including the skull, sinuses, cerebrospinal fluid and layers of gray and white matter, as well as the physical characteristics of the blast wave. (healthcanal.com)
  • In all three simulations, the blast wave struck the person from the front. (healthcanal.com)
  • However, in contrast to the results of a previous study, Radovitzky's team found that the ACH also did not worsen the effects of the blast wave. (healthcanal.com)
  • Typically, a blast injury is more likely if the sound wave lasts for a short amount of time (about 1-2 minutes). (hear.com)
  • Modern military conflict has dramatically increased the number of military personnel and civilians exposed to blast wave pressure. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Investigators used a compressed air-driven shock tube system to expose mice to blast wave pressure of 300 kPa (equivalent to 3-times atmospheric pressure) per day for three days. (medicalxpress.com)
  • In this model, the retina may serve as an area of the central nervous system that is more vulnerable than the brain and, therefore, may be an effective and more sensitive indicator of low-level injury due to blast-wave pressure," noted Dr. Greenlee. (medicalxpress.com)
  • To tackle this puzzle, the team used three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations to prove that direct action of the blast wave on the head causes skull flexure, producing mechanical loads in brain tissue comparable to those in an injury-inducing impact, even at nonlethal blast pressures as low as 1 bar above atmospheric pressure. (rxpgnews.com)
  • In contrast, a blast wave squeezes the skull, creating pressures as large as an injury-inducing impact and pressure gradients in the brain that are much larger. (rxpgnews.com)
  • The blast wave sweeps over the skull like a rolling pin going over dough, said King, LLNL co-principal investigator. (rxpgnews.com)
  • In the first case, the 1.3 centimeter gap between the webbing and the shell allows the blast wave to wash under the helmet. (rxpgnews.com)
  • In this case, the blast wave is focused by the shape of the helmet and the pressures under the helmet exceed those outside, so the helmet doesn't prevent the rippling deformation of the skull and pressure gradients in the brain. (rxpgnews.com)
  • In the second case, this under wash effect is mostly prevented by the presence of the foam pads, but under blast loading, the pads can become stiffer so that the blast wave-induced motion or deformation of the helmet is transferred to the skull. (rxpgnews.com)
  • Heavy weapons like these generate a shock wave that may cause brain injuries. (wrvo.org)
  • The objective of this work was to develop an experimentally validated computational model of the human eye to evaluate: 1) the stresses and deformations in the internal structures of the eye caused by the propagation and reflections of the blast wave, and 2) to evaluate the effect of current spectacle and goggle designs on reducing the blast overpressure. (arvojournals.org)
  • We applied the model to evaluate the intraocular pressure and stresses in the tissue structures caused by the blast wave and evaluate the probability risk of injury based on experimental data for blunt impact available in the literature. (arvojournals.org)
  • However, the goggles trapped the underwash of the blast wave against the eye and resulted in a higher blast overpressure at 0.2 ms after the peak pressure than for the unprotected eye. (arvojournals.org)
  • The blast wave loading may generated significant risk of Corneal Abrasions and Hyphema. (arvojournals.org)
  • A blast wave that would cause only modest injury in the open can be lethal if the victim is in a confined area or near a reflecting surface such as a solid wall or a building.9 If the pressure wave is near a solid barrier, the pressure exerted at the reflecting surface may be many times that of the incident blast wave. (crashingpatient.com)
  • Prolonged latency for wave III of the auditory brain stem response was observed in 41.2% of the blast injured population. (ecu.edu)
  • High order explosives - including nitroglycerine , plastic explosives and other military munitions - undergo detonation which is accompanied by a blast wave that is also a 'shock wave' travelling at supersonic speed. (webnode.com)
  • Low-order explosives - typically used as propellants (or fuels), and which combust through a process known as deflagration - the blast wave is subsonic. (webnode.com)
  • Blunt impact injury sustained when a person is displaced (propelled) by the blast wave/ wind into an object or a hard surface (or when an object is propelled into a person). (webnode.com)
  • The best example is perhaps as the blast wave passes through the chest of a casualty. (sofrep.com)
  • The images below show a diagrammatic representation of a blast wave passing through a cross-sectional CT scan of a chest, as well as an actual (paediatric) blast lung casualty on X-ray and CT scan ( Barnard & Johnson 2013 ). (sofrep.com)
  • Blast-Induced TBI results from wave propagation from a blast source through the brain. (wikipedia.org)
  • As the wave passes through the skull, cerebrospinal fluid, and through the brain, neurons undergo sequences of tension and compression for the duration of the blast wave. (wikipedia.org)
  • Blast-Induced damage is not localized to a specific region due to its wave nature, and can penetrate deep into the brain before finally subsiding, depending on the blast intensity and proximity. (wikipedia.org)
Explosives2
Clinical4
  • For overviews of blast-related injuries and their clinical management, read here and here . (webnode.com)
  • The clinical picture of dyspnoea, cough and hypoxia is referred to as blast lung syndrome and represents impaired gas exchange and vascular shunting with ventilation mismatching. (qqmovies.info)
  • It is important that research on blast [injuries] emphasize multisystem injury patterns and seek to understand the clinical importance of cross-system interactions. (apta.org)
  • As a large employer in the United States, the Department of Defense faces significant challenges ensuring that all members of the military, as well as their families, receive appropriate health care for everything from general health and well-being to specialized clinical care for deployment related injuries such as amputations, chemically induced illnesses, and post-traumatic stress disorder. (rand.org)
Troops6
CONCLUSIONS2
  • CONCLUSIONS: When combined with a genetic susceptibility for developing amyloidosis of AD, blast TBI exposure leads to earlier RGC and optic nerve damage associated with modest but detectable increase in cerebral cortical Aβ pathology. (safetylit.org)
  • A self-made firecracker thrown from the window of a passing car or from the window of a multistory building could have caused a blast in which two women and a man received minor injuries, according to preliminary conclusions, Russian news agency TASS reported. (unian.info)
Limb2
  • Major limb injuries and amputations were classified as having a limited association while balance dysfunction and vertigo were classified as having inadequate/insufficient evidence of an association. (medpagetoday.com)
  • Although there is a vast literature on limb salvage, there is limited research on military blast-related limb salvage. (rand.org)
Shrapnel1
  • He also confirmed that the hospital had performed "several" amputations and has been treating patients for "shrapnel injuries. (businessinsider.com)
Multisystem injuries2
Severity4
  • TG-Blast and TG-Sham groups exhibited high variability in pathology severity, with a strong, but not statistically significant, trend for greater cerebral cortical Aβ plaque load in the TG-Blast compared to TG-Sham group. (safetylit.org)
  • Most studies found the occurrence of post traumatic hypopituitarism (PTHP) to be unrelated to injury severity. (washington.edu)
  • The likelihood and severity of injury to the sclera, angle, choroid, retina, and optic nerve head increased significantly with specific impulse, i.e., the area under the pressure-time trace created by the blast pressure waveform (Fig. 1). (arvojournals.org)
  • Although the rate and the severity of injury have been on the decline since the latter part of the twentieth century, there remains a significant problem. (acep.org)
Pulmonary2
History of blast exposure1
Projectiles1
Effects of blast3
  • Thus, most research has focused on the vestibular consequences of TBI (or head injury), and there is limited data on the effects of blast exposure on vestibular function or balance. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • The purpose of this study was to examine chronic effects of blast TBI on retinal ganglion cells (RGC), optic nerve, and brain amyloid load in a mouse model of AD amyloidosis. (safetylit.org)
  • The new publication, Long-Term Effects of Blast Exposure (.pdf available for free, login required) , is the ninth volume in a series of congressionally mandated studies focusing on the health effects of military service. (apta.org)
Ballistic2
Dizziness1
  • Dizziness and imbalance are common complaints among the blast-injured population. (ecu.edu)
Patterns of injury1
Military8
  • This work has important implications for improving outcomes in military blast-induced TBI and might be applicable to causes of civilian TBI, such as car crashes," he said. (brightsurf.com)
  • Are brain injuries from IED blasts causing the military suicide crisis? (nbcnews.com)
  • Let's collect more information and maybe the epidemiologists will find a way to unlock some of this mystery: Are military suicides actually more related to the brain injuries? (nbcnews.com)
  • More than 80 percent of those injuries were not deployment-related cases, with many occurring amid crashes of privately owned cars and military vehicles. (nbcnews.com)
  • Military personnel in combat zones are at increased risk for TBI resulting from blast injuries. (cemmlibrary.org)
  • Managing war injury is no longer the exclusive preserve of military surgeons. (bmj.com)
  • To date, the war on terror has produced over 30,000 wounded military personnel with a large proportions of injuries attributed to blasts. (ecu.edu)
  • Combining those individuals who were positive for cochlear hydrops and those who were possible for cochlear hydrops group, suggests that 24.3% of blast injured military personnel may be at risk for developing cochlear hydrops. (ecu.edu)
Amputations1
  • Many questions remain unanswered," said committee member Jeffrey J. Bazarian, MD, MPH , of the University of Rochester in New York, who also told MedPage Today the report authors were surprised at the paucity of research to support associations between blast exposure and long-term health conditions, such as amputations. (medpagetoday.com)
Significantly5
Impact of blast2
  • Literature review now available for the International State-of-the-Science Meeting, "Mitigating the Impact of Blast-Related Burn Injuries: From Prolonged Field Care to Rehabilitation and Resilience. (cdc.gov)
  • These findings showed the prolonged impact of blast injury on the retina, as well as the vulnerability of particular retinal cell types to blast injury. (medicalxpress.com)
Tertiary Blast1
Overpressure exposure1
Consequences2
Abdomen1
Life-threaten2
  • This article presents an overview of the specific wounding patterns of blasts to better inform medical responders of the constellations of injury patterns following blasts, as to be able to manage not only the obvious, but also the unseen life-threatening injuries. (sofrep.com)
  • Police say a 92-year-old Washington woman is being treated for life-threatening injuries after she was mauled by dogs. (spokesman.com)
Diagnosis2
Blast injury | Britannica.com
Blast injury | Britannica.com (britannica.com)
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