Bladder Exstrophy

Epispadias

Musculoskeletal System

Pelvis

Urologic Surgical Procedures

Osteotomy

Cloaca

Urinary Bladder

Bladder exstrophy

Cloacal exstrophy

Aseem Shukla

Male genital examination

SLC20A1

Development of the digestive system

Body cavity

Cory Conacher

Ureterosigmoidostomy

Gender identity

Prenatal hormones and sexual orientation

Gender

Intersex medical interventions

Orvar Swenson

Phalloplasty

Epispadias

Pediatric urology

List of fetal abnormalities

Omphalocele

List of ICD-9 codes 740-759: congenital anomalies

List of MeSH codes (C13)

List of diseases (E)

List of congenital disorders

List of MeSH codes (C12)

List of MeSH codes (C16)

Shiv Narain Kureel

Hypospadias

Indiana pouch

Karel Maydl

Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío

Association for the Bladder Exstrophy Community1

• In addition, you may find more help and information at aBEc (Association for the Bladder Exstrophy Community) , including videos as well as links to online support groups. (180medical.com)

Urethra14

• The bladder neck and urethra are repaired. (medlineplus.gov)
• The exstrophy-epispadias complex is a severe and rare malformation syndrome of the bladder (exstrophy), the urethra (epispadias), and colon (cloacal exstrophy) with often lifelong consequences (Kiddoo et al. (urology-textbook.com)
• In girls, the urethra is usually completely open and runs from the bladder neck to the hymen. (urology-textbook.com)
• It includes the complete mobilization of the bladder plate, preparation of the urethral plate and corpora of the penis, closure of the bladder with bladder neck and proximal urethra, approximation of the symphysis ventral to the bladder neck. (urology-textbook.com)
• In complete epispadias, incontinence is caused by (1) a foreshortened and widened urethra, (2) a partially absent external urethral sphincter, and (3) a poorly developed bladder neck. (medscape.com)
• A bladder infection is an infection in the urinary tract (urethra and urinary bladder) of women. (home-remedies-for-you.com)
• The bladder is open suprapubically, and urine drips from the open bladder rather than through the urethra. (msdmanuals.com)
• The place where the urethra and bladder join. (experiencejournal.com)
• This was: i) bilateral Cohen ureteric re-implantation ii) full mobilisation of the pelvic floor and the penile/clitoral corpora with preservation of the pudendal pedicles iii) anatomical reconstruction of the bladder neck, urethra and sphincter iv) reconstruction of the penis and correction of chordee in males (+/- hypospadias) or midline creation of a mons pubs and hemi clitori in females. (espu.org)
• The male urethra is a narrow fibromuscular tube that conducts urine and semen from the bladder and ejaculatory ducts, respectively, to the exterior of the body (see the image below). (medscape.com)
• Most proximally, the prostatic urethra is responsible for involuntary continence, transmission of semen into the common genitourinary tract, and the most common site of bladder outlet obstruction in the Western world. (medscape.com)
• The male urethra originates at the bladder neck and terminates at the urethral meatus on the glans penis. (medscape.com)
• Finally, the bladder neck, or preprostatic urethra, can be classified as a distinct part of the urethra (see the image below). (medscape.com)
• It originates in the region of the bladder neck, courses roughly 2.5 cm inferiorly, and terminates at the membranous urethra. (medscape.com)

Cloacal4

• The stage of development at the time of the rupture determines the extent of the malformation: bladder exstrophy, epispadias, and cloacal exstrophy. (urology-textbook.com)
• Omphalocele, exstrophy of cloaca, imperforate anus, and spinal defects complex is a rare malformation complex that includes omphalocele, cloacal exstrophy, imperforate anus and spinal defects with the incidence of 1 in 200,000 to 400,000 pregnancies and is even rarer in twin gestation. (bvsalud.org)
• We present a 4-day first twin child with underdeveloped ambiguous genitalia delivered via emergency lower section cesarean section at 32+3 weeks of gestation with giant liver containing omphalocele, cloacal exstrophy, imperforate anus and meningocele with severe pulmonary artery hypertension and non-visualization of right kidney and ureter, absence of uterus, fallopian tubes and right ovary. (bvsalud.org)
• Pediatric fellow Chad Crigger details what we have learned from looking back on pelvic osteotomy in classic bladder exstrophy and cloacal exstrophy as well as the impact for care. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

Classic bladder exstrophy1

• Since 1999, consecutive patients with classic bladder exstrophy were treated by new-born primary bladder closure and Kelly soft tissue reconstruction in their second year. (espu.org)

Malformations1

• A number of factors can cause bacteria to enter the bladder - these include sexual intercourse, people with compromised immune systems, and physical abnormalities including malformations of the tract itself and prostate enlargement. (home-remedies-for-you.com)

Abnormalities2

• Associated with OEIS syndrome- omphalocele, exstrophy, imperforated anus and spinal abnormalities. (radiopaedia.org)
• Congenital urinary bladder anomalies often occur without other genitourinary abnormalities. (msdmanuals.com)

Neurogenic Bladder1

• Older men can often develop urinary tract infections due to outflow obstruction or neurogenic bladder resulting in urinary stasis and an increased risk of recurrent infection. (nih.gov)

Malformation2

• Exstrophy bladder is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by the malformation of the urinary bladder and the anterior abdominal wall. (childorthspinecare.com)
• These procedures may include bladder augmentation, urethral reconstruction, and pelvic osteotomies to correct malformation. (childorthspinecare.com)

20231

• Rachel Althizer is traveling with A-BE-C for the 2023 International Exstrophy Workshop in Ahmedabad, India, as a social worker to assist children and families with exstrophy as they prepare for surgery. (bladderexstrophy.com)

Deformity6

• A severe deformity of the bladder requiring major reconstructive surgery at delivery. (luriechildrens.org)
• In some cases, children may develop a pelvis deformity, particularly in association with a condition known as exstrophy bladder. (childorthspinecare.com)
• The symptoms of deformity associated with exstrophy bladder are noticeable soon after birth. (childorthspinecare.com)
• Treating deformity associated with exstrophy bladder is complex and requires a multidisciplinary approach involving pediatric urologists, reconstructive surgeons, and other specialists. (childorthspinecare.com)
• Surgical intervention is the mainstay of treatment for exstrophy bladder deformity. (childorthspinecare.com)
• Psychological support and counselling are crucial to comprehensive care for children and families affected by exstrophy bladder deformity. (childorthspinecare.com)

Abdominal8

• After the bladder surgery, your child will have a tube that drains the bladder through the abdominal wall ( suprapubic catheter ). (medlineplus.gov)
• Congenital abnormality where the urinary bladder extrudes thorough a defect in the abdominal wall. (radiopaedia.org)
• Bladder exstrophy is a deficient closure of the lower anterior abdominal wall: the bladder is open anteriorly, and the trigonum of the bladder is visible. (urology-textbook.com)
• The posterior bladder wall prolapses through the abdominal wall defect. (urology-textbook.com)
• A congenital anomaly in which the abdominal wall does not close properly during fetal development, allowing the bladder wall to protrude at birth. (experiencejournal.com)
• The sensitive bladder and anterior abdominal wall create a distinct appearance, often called the "bladder exstrophy complex. (childorthspinecare.com)
• The bladder is visible outside the body, appearing as a red, moist mass in the lower abdominal region. (childorthspinecare.com)
• The initial stage involves a series of surgeries performed within the first few days of life to close the bladder and abdominal wall. (childorthspinecare.com)

Epispadias5

• This larger group of congenital disabilities is known as the Bladder Exstrophy-Epispadias Complex. (180medical.com)
• There is a high variance in the characteristics of the below-mentioned components of the exstrophy-epispadias complex. (urology-textbook.com)
• Transfer the child to a center with experience in the surgical treatment of the exstrophy-epispadias complex. (urology-textbook.com)
• Bladder exstrophy is a more severe anomaly, whereas epispadias is a less severe variant of the exstrophy-epispadias complex . (medscape.com)
• During one-stage delayed Kelly's Radical Soft Tissue Mobilization (RSTM) for Bladder Exstrophy Epispadias Complex (BEEC), children underwent a pelvic floor muscles detachment. (espu.org)

Reconstructive4

• Children born with bladder exstrophy will have to undergo reconstructive surgery to repair and close the bladder. (180medical.com)
• A reconstructive surgery to increase the size and stretchiness of the bladder. (experiencejournal.com)
• This procedure, known as bladder closure, helps protect the sensitive bladder and allows for further reconstructive surgeries in the future. (childorthspinecare.com)
• sensitive bladder and allows for further reconstructive surgeries in the future. (childorthspinecare.com)

Surgical5

• The surgical management of bladder exstrophy involves bladder closure within the first days of life. (medscape.com)
• Bladder enhancement and bladder diversion are surgical options later. (medscape.com)
• Surgical removal of the diverticulum and reconstruction of the bladder wall may be necessary. (msdmanuals.com)
• Additional surgical intervention may be necessary to treat a bladder reservoir that fails to expand sufficiently or has sphincter insufficiency. (msdmanuals.com)
• In addition to surgical interventions, children with exstrophy bladder may require ongoing medical management. (childorthspinecare.com)

Sphincter1

• It lies in a retropubic location and is bordered superiorly by the bladder and supported inferiorly by the sphincter urethrae externus muscle and the perineal membrane (formerly called the urogenital diaphragm). (medscape.com)

Neck3

• Urinary control most often happens after the neck of the bladder is repaired. (medlineplus.gov)
• Bladder-neck reconstruction may be performed at the time of bladder closure or in a staged fashion. (medscape.com)
• Muscles actively work to keep the bladder neck closed during storage, and dysfunction with these muscles can cause urinary incontinence. (experiencejournal.com)

Defects1

• Functional defects, like overactive bladder and urinary incontinence, tend to lead to recurrent infections. (nih.gov)

Dysfunction2

• Fecal function was assessed using the Childhood Bladder and Bowel Dysfunction Questionnaire, and quality of life (QoL) related to fecal continence using the CINCY FIS questionnaire. (espu.org)
• Dysfunction of the URINARY BLADDER due to disease of the central or peripheral nervous system pathways involved in the control of URINATION. (bvsalud.org)

Penis3

• Purpose: We attempted to determine whether the penis in adulthood after exstrophy reconstruction is short because of a congenital defect in the size of the corpora cavernosa. (johnshopkins.edu)
• Conclusions: After exstrophy reconstruction the penis is short in adulthood, at least partially due to a congenital deficiency of corporeal tissue. (johnshopkins.edu)
• However, because the corpora cavernosa are short, after exstrophy reconstruction the penis will always be shorter than normal in adulthood. (johnshopkins.edu)

Complex1

• Initial management of complex urological disorders: bladder exstrophy. (urology-textbook.com)

Anomaly1

• Bladder exstrophy is an anatomical anomaly during fetal development where the bladder (and surrounding parts) develop outside of the body. (180medical.com)

Urine from the bladder2

• A flexible, hollow tube called a catheter is placed to drain urine from the bladder. (medlineplus.gov)
• Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR) Vesicoureteral reflux is retrograde passage of urine from the bladder back into the ureter and sometimes also into the renal collecting system, depending on severity. (msdmanuals.com)

Urological1

• It includes regular urological evaluations, bladder training, and medications to control urinary function and prevent complications such as infections. (childorthspinecare.com)

Closure6

• The estimated bladder capacity should be above 5 ml for a successful primary closure. (urology-textbook.com)
• Delayed closure (6-12 months after birth) after growth of the bladder template. (urology-textbook.com)
• Delayed closure with ileocystoplasty to increase bladder capacity. (urology-textbook.com)
• Therefore, following exstrophy closure, vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is almost universal and may predispose to UTIs. (medscape.com)
• Another issue that may affect women who have undergone prior exstrophy closure is uterine prolapse because of resulting deficient pelvic floor support. (medscape.com)
• Therefore, following exstrophy closure, vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is almost universal and may predispose to urinary tract infections. (medscape.com)

Defect2

• Bladder exstrophy repair is surgery to repair a birth defect of the bladder. (medlineplus.gov)
• A bladder diverticulum is a herniation of the bladder mucosa through a defect in bladder muscle. (msdmanuals.com)

Diagnosis1

• Diagnosis of bladder diverticulum is by voiding cystourethrography. (msdmanuals.com)

Symptoms1

• Since one of the symptoms associated with bladder exstrophy is the inability to empty the bladder, using a catheter is an effective solution to the issue. (180medical.com)

Involves2

• Bladder exstrophy repair involves two surgeries. (medlineplus.gov)
• The initial management of bladder exstrophy involves covering the exposed bladder with a nonocclusive dressing (eg, plastic food wrap) to protect the bladder plate. (medscape.com)

Kidneys1

• An infection that reaches the kidneys is extremely dangerous, which is why it is always advisable to get medical treatment if a bladder infection does not clear up by the second or third day. (home-remedies-for-you.com)

Underwent1

• Materials and Methods: Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging was performed on 10 men who underwent exstrophy reconstruction in childhood, and 10 age and race matched controls. (johnshopkins.edu)

Mucosa1

• Protect the delicate bladder mucosa with sterile plastic wrap with regular moistening. (urology-textbook.com)

Pelvic bone2

• The second surgery, pelvic bone surgery, may be done along with the bladder repair. (medlineplus.gov)
• This condition falls under a broader sector of congenital disabilities involving the urinary region (bladder, pelvic bone, and lower abdominals). (180medical.com)

Children4

• The surgery is recommended for children who are born with bladder exstrophy. (medlineplus.gov)
• Some children with bladder exstrophy develop functional bladder capacities, whereas others go on to develop small and poorly compliant bladders. (medscape.com)
• Children with exstrophy bladder may experience urinary incontinence, difficulty emptying the bladder, and an increased risk of urinary tract infections. (childorthspinecare.com)
• Our clinical resources include a large supra-regional renal transplantation service, two renal genetics clinics (one for affected children and the other for adult relatives), comprehensive dialysis services and a specialist bladder clinic. (mft.nhs.uk)

Vesicoureteral1

• The bladder can usually be reconstructed and returned to the pelvis, although vesicoureteral reflux invariably occurs and is managed as needed. (msdmanuals.com)

Catheter2

• Do you have questions about what type of catheter to use for your child with bladder exstrophy? (180medical.com)
• The catheter tip was placed in the bladder, and excretion of urine was maintained through the NIRC during the procedures. (bvsalud.org)

Incidence1

• The incidence of bladder exstrophy is 1 per 30,000 live births and is lower in females than in males. (medscape.com)

Urinary tract inf1

• A bladder infection is a type of urinary tract infection, in which the urinary bladder is affected. (home-remedies-for-you.com)

Corpora1

• Results: The corpora cavernosa in men after exstrophy reconstruction were shorter than normal. (johnshopkins.edu)

Urology1

• The allied department of paediatric urology department features one of the only two UK treatment centres for bladder exstrophy. (mft.nhs.uk)

Repairs1

• Most bladder exstrophy repairs are done when your child is only a few days old, before leaving the hospital. (medlineplus.gov)

Antibiotics1

• Flushing out the bladder, for example, with saline or antibiotics. (experiencejournal.com)

Primary1

• The primary treatment goals are to achieve urinary continence, improve bladder function, and restore the typical appearance of the pelvic region. (childorthspinecare.com)

Boston Children3

• We can confidently recommend this helpful, downloadable Bladder Exstrophy Handbook , which is provided by Boston Children's Hospital. (180medical.com)
• After some follow up imaging and a trip to Boston Children's Hospital, we learned our little princess has bladder exstrophy. (seanandtori.com)
• After some research and discussion with our local team, we decide that Boston Children's Hospital will take care of her exstrophy, and schedule a prenatal appointment for two days before Christmas. (seanandtori.com)

Clinical2

• Clinical examination to estimate the bladder capacity. (urology-textbook.com)
• Prospective follow up with nurse bladder function assessments, ultrasounds and clinical review. (espu.org)

Infections2

• Bladder infections are the most common urinary tract infections, and are medically known as cystitis. (home-remedies-for-you.com)
• Bladder infections themselves are of several different types, and although the treatment is usually the same for any bladder infection, knowing the cause of the infection will help to prevent it from recurring in future. (home-remedies-for-you.com)

Ultrasound1

• At our 16 week ultrasound the ultrasound techs and doctors at MUSC couldn't see her bladder. (seanandtori.com)