DiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHumanitiesInformation ScienceHealth CareGeographicals
SootCarbonParticulate MatterVehicle EmissionsAir PollutantsSnowAir PollutionGlobal WarmingBostonAtmosphereEnvironmental MonitoringParticle SizeNitrogen DioxideOzoneEnvironmental ExposureEpidemiological MonitoringAerosolsCarbon DioxideCarbon MonoxideNanotubes, CarbonHexanesFuel OilsKeroseneAcenaphthenesCarbon Monoxide PoisoningPolycyclic CompoundsChronology as TopicAntley-Bixler Syndrome PhenotypeSexual DevelopmentClimateEncyclopedias as TopicInfrared RaysQuantum TheorySinglet OxygenMedlinePlusElectromagnetic PhenomenaDarknessSulfur DioxideAir Pollution, IndoorAirFraudMedicare AssignmentInsurance, Health, ReimbursementCompetitive BiddingPurchasing, HospitalChlorine CompoundsArctic RegionsWeatherIce CoverIceRace RelationsParanoid DisordersBooksQuackeryHospicesNatural HistorySchizophrenia, Paranoid
Soot: A dark powdery deposit of unburned fuel residues, composed mainly of amorphous CARBON and some HYDROCARBONS, that accumulates in chimneys, automobile mufflers and other surfaces exposed to smoke. It is the product of incomplete combustion of carbon-rich organic fuels in low oxygen conditions. It is sometimes called lampblack or carbon black and is used in INK, in rubber tires, and to prepare CARBON NANOTUBES.Carbon: A nonmetallic element with atomic symbol C, atomic number 6, and atomic weight [12.0096; 12.0116]. It may occur as several different allotropes including DIAMOND; CHARCOAL; and GRAPHITE; and as SOOT from incompletely burned fuel.Particulate Matter: Particles of any solid substance, generally under 30 microns in size, often noted as PM30. There is special concern with PM1 which can get down to PULMONARY ALVEOLI and induce MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION and PHAGOCYTOSIS leading to FOREIGN BODY REACTION and LUNG DISEASES.Vehicle Emissions: Gases, fumes, vapors, and odors escaping from the cylinders of a gasoline or diesel internal-combustion engine. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed & Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)Air Pollutants: Any substance in the air which could, if present in high enough concentration, harm humans, animals, vegetation or material. Substances include GASES; PARTICULATE MATTER; and volatile ORGANIC CHEMICALS.Snow: Frozen water crystals that fall from the ATMOSPHERE.Air Pollution: The presence of contaminants or pollutant substances in the air (AIR POLLUTANTS) that interfere with human health or welfare, or produce other harmful environmental effects. The substances may include GASES; PARTICULATE MATTER; or volatile ORGANIC CHEMICALS.Global Warming: Increase in the temperature of the atmosphere near the Earth's surface and in the troposphere, which can contribute to changes in global climate patterns.BostonAtmosphere: The gaseous envelope surrounding a planet or similar body. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)Environmental Monitoring: The monitoring of the level of toxins, chemical pollutants, microbial contaminants, or other harmful substances in the environment (soil, air, and water), workplace, or in the bodies of people and animals present in that environment.Particle Size: Relating to the size of solids.Nitrogen Dioxide: Nitrogen oxide (NO2). A highly poisonous gas. Exposure produces inflammation of lungs that may only cause slight pain or pass unnoticed, but resulting edema several days later may cause death. (From Merck, 11th ed) It is a major atmospheric pollutant that is able to absorb UV light that does not reach the earth's surface.Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).Environmental Exposure: The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents in the environment or to environmental factors that may include ionizing radiation, pathogenic organisms, or toxic chemicals.Epidemiological Monitoring: Collection, analysis, and interpretation of data about the frequency, distribution, and consequences of disease or health conditions, for use in the planning, implementing, and evaluating public health programs.Aerosols: Colloids with a gaseous dispersing phase and either liquid (fog) or solid (smoke) dispersed phase; used in fumigation or in inhalation therapy; may contain propellant agents.Carbon Dioxide: A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)Nanotubes, Carbon: Nanometer-sized tubes composed mainly of CARBON. Such nanotubes are used as probes for high-resolution structural and chemical imaging of biomolecules with ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY.Hexanes: Six-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives. Various polyneuropathies are caused by hexane poisoning.Fuel Oils: Complex petroleum hydrocarbons consisting mainly of residues from crude oil distillation. These liquid products include heating oils, stove oils, and furnace oils and are burned to generate energy.Kerosene: A refined petroleum fraction used as a fuel as well as a solvent.Acenaphthenes: Tricyclic ethylene-bridged naphthalene derivatives. They are found in petroleum residues and coal tar and used as dye intermediates, in the manufacture of plastics, and in insecticides and fungicides.Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: Toxic asphyxiation due to the displacement of oxygen from oxyhemoglobin by carbon monoxide.Polycyclic Compounds: Compounds consisting of two or more fused ring structures.Chronology as Topic: The temporal sequence of events that have occurred.Antley-Bixler Syndrome Phenotype: An inherited condition characterized by multiple malformations of CARTILAGE and bone including CRANIOSYNOSTOSIS; midface hypoplasia; radiohumeral SYNOSTOSIS; CHOANAL ATRESIA; femoral bowing; neonatal fractures; and multiple joint CONTRACTURES and, occasionally, urogenital, gastrointestinal or cardiac defects. In utero exposure to FLUCONAZOLE, as well as mutations in at least two separate genes are associated with this condition - POR (encoding P450 (cytochrome) oxidoreductase (NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE)) and FGFR2 (encoding FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR 2).Sexual Development: The processes of anatomical and physiological changes related to sexual or reproductive functions during the life span of a human or an animal, from FERTILIZATION to DEATH. These include SEX DETERMINATION PROCESSES; SEX DIFFERENTIATION; SEXUAL MATURATION; and changes during AGING.Climate: The longterm manifestations of WEATHER. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)Encyclopedias as Topic: Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)Infrared Rays: That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum usually sensed as heat. Infrared wavelengths are longer than those of visible light, extending into the microwave frequencies. They are used therapeutically as heat, and also to warm food in restaurants.Quantum Theory: The theory that the radiation and absorption of energy take place in definite quantities called quanta (E) which vary in size and are defined by the equation E=hv in which h is Planck's constant and v is the frequency of the radiation.Singlet Oxygen: An excited state of molecular oxygen generated photochemically or chemically. Singlet oxygen reacts with a variety of biological molecules such as NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS; causing oxidative damages.MedlinePlus: NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE service for health professionals and consumers. It links extensive information from the National Institutes of Health and other reviewed sources of information on specific diseases and conditions.Electromagnetic Phenomena: Characteristics of ELECTRICITY and magnetism such as charged particles and the properties and behavior of charged particles, and other phenomena related to or associated with electromagnetism.Darkness: The absence of light.Sulfur Dioxide: A highly toxic, colorless, nonflammable gas. It is used as a pharmaceutical aid and antioxidant. It is also an environmental air pollutant.Air Pollution, Indoor: The contamination of indoor air.Air: The mixture of gases present in the earth's atmosphere consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and small amounts of other gases.Fraud: Exploitation through misrepresentation of the facts or concealment of the purposes of the exploiter.Medicare Assignment: Concept referring to the standardized fees for services rendered by health care providers, e.g., laboratories and physicians, and reimbursement for those services under Medicare Part B. It includes acceptance by the physician.Insurance, Health, Reimbursement: Payment by a third-party payer in a sum equal to the amount expended by a health care provider or facility for health services rendered to an insured or program beneficiary. (From Facts on File Dictionary of Health Care Management, 1988)Competitive Bidding: Pricing statements presented by more than one party for the purpose of securing a contract.Purchasing, Hospital: Hospital department responsible for the purchasing of supplies and equipment.Chlorine Compounds: Inorganic compounds that contain chlorine as an integral part of the molecule.Arctic Regions: The Arctic Ocean and the lands in it and adjacent to it. It includes Point Barrow, Alaska, most of the Franklin District in Canada, two thirds of Greenland, Svalbard, Franz Josef Land, Lapland, Novaya Zemlya, and Northern Siberia. (Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p66)Weather: The state of the ATMOSPHERE over minutes to months.Ice Cover: A thick mass of ICE formed over large regions of land; RIVERS; LAKES; ponds; or SEAWATER.Ice: The solid substance formed by the FREEZING of water.Race Relations: Cultural contacts between people of different races.Paranoid Disorders: Chronic mental disorders in which there has been an insidious development of a permanent and unshakeable delusional system (persecutory delusions or delusions of jealousy), accompanied by preservation of clear and orderly thinking. Emotional responses and behavior are consistent with the delusional state.BooksQuackery: The fraudulent misrepresentation of the diagnosis and treatment of disease.Hospices: Facilities or services which are especially devoted to providing palliative and supportive care to the patient with a terminal illness and to the patient's family.Natural History: A former branch of knowledge embracing the study, description, and classification of natural objects (as animals, plants, and minerals) and thus including the modern sciences of zoology, botany, and mineralogy insofar as they existed at that time. In the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries it was much used for the generalized pursuit of certain areas of science. (Webster, 3d ed; from Dr. James H. Cassedy, NLM History of Medicine Division)Schizophrenia, Paranoid: A chronic form of schizophrenia characterized primarily by the presence of persecutory or grandiose delusions, often associated with hallucination.
DiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHumanitiesInformation ScienceHealth CareGeographicals
SootCarbonParticulate MatterVehicle EmissionsAir PollutantsSnowAir PollutionGlobal WarmingBostonAtmosphereEnvironmental MonitoringParticle SizeNitrogen DioxideOzoneEnvironmental ExposureEpidemiological MonitoringAerosolsCarbon DioxideCarbon MonoxideNanotubes, CarbonHexanesFuel OilsKeroseneAcenaphthenesCarbon Monoxide PoisoningPolycyclic CompoundsChronology as TopicAntley-Bixler Syndrome PhenotypeSexual DevelopmentClimateEncyclopedias as TopicInfrared RaysQuantum TheorySinglet OxygenMedlinePlusElectromagnetic PhenomenaDarknessSulfur DioxideAir Pollution, IndoorAirFraudMedicare AssignmentInsurance, Health, ReimbursementCompetitive BiddingPurchasing, HospitalChlorine CompoundsArctic RegionsWeatherIce CoverIceRace RelationsParanoid DisordersBooksQuackeryHospicesNatural HistorySchizophrenia, Paranoid
Tattoo inkTattoo ink
Carbon (soot or ash) is also used for black. Other elements used as pigments include antimony, arsenic, beryllium, calcium, ... Another ink may be used instead of black henna. "Jagua", a fruit based ink proven to be a healthier alternative to black henna ... Black henna is normally applied externally in temporary Mehandi applications, rather than being inserted beneath the skin in a ... Homemade or traditional tattoo inks may be made from pen ink, soot, dirt, blood, or other ingredients. Heavy metals used for ...
Mark Z. JacobsonMark Z. Jacobson
Because of the short atmospheric lifetime of black carbon, in 2002 Jacobson concluded that controlling soot is the fastest way ... black and brown carbon, and cloud absorption effects" (PDF). David Perlman. Scientists say soot a key factor in warming San ... Jacobson's refinement to the values on soot and his conclusion that black carbon may be the second leading cause of global ... 2013). "Bounding the role of black carbon in the climate system: A scientific assessment". CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. ( ...
Environmental Technology Verification ProgramEnvironmental Technology Verification Program
"Dry" Particulate emissions are also known as inorganic soot, black carbon, or elemental carbon. "Wet" particulates are also ... Biodiesel: Reduced inorganic ( soot)carbon emissions, Increased NOx emissions - Increased organic carbon ( SOF / VOC ) ... An opacity reading is a measurement of the level of visible inorganic carbon, also known as soot. Opacity measurements cannot ... Specialized instrumentation is required to determine organic carbon levels,and to detect other unseen particulates. When used ...
Tami BondTami Bond
Bond has focused on the effective study of black carbon or soot in the atmosphere. She is a current MacArthur Fellow, which was ... Bond, Tami C. (2010-03-16). "Testimony for "Clearing the Smoke: Black Carbon Pollution" House Committee on Energy Independence ... "Radio interview with Tami Bond, Black Carbon .." Radio Ecoshock Show:. A-Infos Radio Project. 2010-04-23. Retrieved 2014-10-19 ... Bond's laboratory and field research into quantifying the sources and effects of black carbon, as well as its optical and ...
Diesel particulate filterDiesel particulate filter
Diesel particulate matter resulting from the incomplete combustion of diesel fuel produces soot (black carbon) particles. These ... 2011) "Impact of California's air pollution laws on black carbon and their implications for direct radiative forcing", ... Wall-flow diesel particulate filters usually remove 85% or more of the soot, and under certain conditions can attain soot ... Soot particulates burn-off forms water and CO2 in small quantity amounting to less than 0.05% of the CO2 emitted by the engine ...
Diesel exhaustDiesel exhaust
Diesel engines can produce black soot (or more specifically diesel particulate matter) from their exhaust. The black smoke ... carbon (EC) core of diesel soot ... serves as a nucleus for condensation of organic compounds from unburned or incompletely ... This prevents carbon buildup at the expense of wasting a small quantity of fuel. The full load limit of a diesel engine in ... Mortality from diesel soot exposure in 2001 was at least 14,400 out of the German population of 82 million, according to the ...
MascaraMascara
Carbon black, instead of soot or ash, is used. Tar and coal derivatives are strictly prohibited by the FDA.[citation needed] ... The Oxford English Dictionary also cites an alternative Catalan definition that describes soot or a black smear, or a ... soot, black smear', or Portuguese mascarra 'stain, smut'.. ... The pigmentation for black mascara is similar to the ... A dampened brush was rubbed against a cake containing soap and black dye in equal proportions and applied to the lashes.[7] ...
Tattoo inkTattoo ink
Carbon (soot or ash) is also used for black. Other elements used as pigments include antimony, arsenic, beryllium, calcium, ... Black hennaEdit. Health Canada has advised against the use of "black henna" temporary tattoo ink which contains para- ... Another ink may be used instead of black henna. "Jagua", a fruit based ink proven to be a healthier alternative to black henna. ... Black henna is normally applied externally in temporary Mehandi applications, rather than being inserted beneath the skin in a ...
Aai MataAai Mata
This jyoti has a continuous flame, which produces kesar (a saffron-coloured soot) instead of kajal (carbon black).[citation ...
Borger, TexasBorger, Texas
Carbon black plants added black soot to the Dust Bowl storms, covering the town in layers of dark grime. "Okie" migrants forced ... Borger also has Sid Richardson Carbon Company, which produces rubber grade carbon black and is used to strengthen rubber tires ... By the 1960s the Borger area was one of the largest producers of oil, carbon black, and petrochemicals and supplies in the ... which produces a variety of carbon blacks at its Borger facility. The original townsite is said to have been founded around ...
Climate and Clean Air Coalition to Reduce Short-Lived Climate PollutantsClimate and Clean Air Coalition to Reduce Short-Lived Climate Pollutants
Black carbon is a major component of soot and is produced by incomplete combustion of fossil fuel and biomass. It is emitted ... Mitigating Black Carbon and Other Pollutants From Brick Production Addressing emissions of black carbon and other pollutants ... In addition, black carbon impacts human health. It is a primary component of particulate matter in air pollution that is the ... Reducing methane and black carbon could also prevent major crop losses. Present day global relative yield losses due to ...
Project GaiaProject Gaia
Black carbon particles in the atmosphere are considered one of the most dangerous pollutants after carbon dioxide. Furthermore ... producing only carbon dioxide and water vapor, and none of the soot or toxic chemicals produced by solid fuels and kerosene. ... Institute for Governance and Sustainable Development (IGSD). "Reducing Black Carbon May Be the Fastest Strategy for Slowing ... Charcoal, a processed biomass fuel, burns with less smoke, but emits carbon monoxide. Meanwhile, coal produces all of the ...
InkInk
The traditional Chinese method of making the ink was to grind a mixture of hide glue, carbon black, lampblack, and bone black ... Carbon inks were commonly made from lampblack or soot and a binding agent such as gum arabic or animal glue. The binding agent ... The two most used black writing inks in history are carbon inks and iron gall inks. Both types create problems for ... Carbon particles do not fade over time even when bleached or when in sunlight. One benefit is that carbon ink does not harm ...
Copșa MicăCopșa Mică
... produced carbon black for dyes; its emissions permeated the area for nearly sixty years, leaving soot on homes, trees, animals ...
Criticism of the IPCC Fourth Assessment ReportCriticism of the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report
Background support presentation for NASA "Black Carbon and Aerosols" press conference originally associated with Fall AGU, Dec ... "2009Dec-FallAGU-Soot-PressConference-Backgrounder-Kargel-1" (pdf). Satellite-era glacier changes in High Asia. University of ... Dat is waar Parry ook op duidt.' Black, Richard (2007-04-06). "Stark picture of a warming world". BBC. Retrieved 2010-01-27 ... CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link) Richard Black (19 January 2010). "UN climate body admits 'mistake' on Himalayan ...
Global dimmingGlobal dimming
... and wood releases black carbon into the air. Though black carbon, most of which is soot, is an extremely small component of air ... However some research shows that black carbon will increase global warming, being second only to CO2. They believe that soot ... CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link) "Transported Black Carbon A Significant Player In Pacific Ocean Climate". ... "Nature Geoscience: Global and regional climate changes due to black carbon". Retrieved 2008-03-26. "Global 'Sunscreen' Has ...
Lindisfarne GospelsLindisfarne Gospels
The text is written "in a dense, dark brown ink, often almost black, which contains particles of carbon from soot or lamp black ...
Diesel exhaustDiesel exhaust
Diesel engines can produce black soot (or more specifically diesel particulate matter) from their exhaust. The black smoke ... carbon (EC) core of diesel soot ... serves as a nucleus for condensation of organic compounds from unburned or incompletely ... With the greater soot production, EGR is often combined with a particulate matter (PM) filter in the exhaust.[70][full citation ... Mortality from diesel soot exposure in 2001 was at least 14,400 out of the German population of 82 million, according to the ...
The Hartwell PaperThe Hartwell Paper
Diversification away from fossil fuels Eradication of "Black Carbon" - Black Carbon is simply soot, which can come from burning ... Meaning, they believe there has been too much emphasis placed on carbon dioxide, as if it is our only problematic emission. ... The ultimate goal is "to develop non-carbon energy supplies at unsubsidised costs less than those using fossil fuels." The ... They are population, wealth, energy Intensity, and carbon intensity. Nations face different environmental issues, and the ...
NASA Environmental Management System (EMS)NASA Environmental Management System (EMS)
... continues its research of the damage black soot has on the earth's climate. Recent findings show that the black carbon or soot ... "This research offers additional evidence black carbon, generated through the process of incomplete combustion,MAY may have a ... arctic soot damage public health EMS October 2002 PDF. ...
Air InkAir Ink
Soot composed of 2.5-micrometer black carbon particles found in petrol or diesel carbon emissions is captured from the ... separation of carbon from the soot, and then mixing of this carbon with different types of oils and solutions. It uses a ... Sharma and his team spent close to three years researching how to purify and repurpose carbon soot from auto emissions, a major ... "KAALINK-RECYCLING AIR POLLUTION TO BLACK INK KAALA PRINTER-RECYCLING AIR POLLUTION TO BLACK INK". Fluid Interface research ...
Climate-friendly gardeningClimate-friendly gardening
... especially if the waste is wet and becomes black carbon in the form of soot. Gardeners will also be responsible for extra black ... Black carbon or soot can also be caused by unsustainable land use, and, although not a gas, can behave like greenhouse gases ... Climate-friendly gardeners will not put woody prunings on bonfires, which will emit carbon dioxide and black carbon, but ... Black carbon is not a gas, but it acts like a greenhouse gas because it can be suspended in the atmosphere and absorb heat. ...
Atomic carbonAtomic carbon
The black substance is soot. This photo was taken in the Laboratory of Professor Phil Shevlin at Auburn University. ... In this process, carbon suboxide decomposes to produce atomic carbon and carbon monoxide according to the equation: C. 3O. 2 → ... Atomic carbon is the simplest form of carbon, and is also the progenitor of carbon clusters. In addition, it may be considered ... Carbon suboxide decarbonylation[edit]. Atomic carbon can be produced by carbon suboxide decarbonylation. ...
Bird collectionsBird collections
"Bird specimens track 135 years of atmospheric black carbon and environmental policy". Proceedings of the National Academy of ... A study of soot deposits on specimens collected within the United States Manufacturing Belt was used to track concentrations of ... atmospheric black carbon over a 135-year span. Other possible uses for bird specimens not known today may arise in the future. ...
CarbonCarbon
Inhalation of coal dust or soot (carbon black) in large quantities can be dangerous, irritating lung tissues and causing the ... Carbon chauvinism Carbon detonation Carbon footprint Carbon star Low-carbon economy Timeline of carbon nanotubes Chemistry ... Carbon can form very long chains of interconnecting carbon-carbon bonds, a property that is called catenation. Carbon-carbon ... Carbon black is used as the black pigment in printing ink, artist's oil paint and water colours, carbon paper, automotive ...
Diesel fuelDiesel fuel
... resulting in a mixture of carbon chains that typically contain between 9 and 25 carbon atoms per molecule.[8] ... Dimethyl ether, DME, is a synthetic, gaseous diesel fuel that results in clean combustion with very little soot and reduced NOx ... The loss of traction is similar to that encountered on black ice, resulting in especially dangerous situations for two-wheeled ... "Emission Facts: Average Carbon Dioxide Emissions Resulting from Gasoline and Diesel Fuel". US Environmental Protection Agency. ...
DiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHumanitiesInformation ScienceHealth CareGeographicals
SootCarbonParticulate MatterVehicle EmissionsAir PollutantsSnowAir PollutionGlobal WarmingBostonAtmosphereEnvironmental MonitoringParticle SizeNitrogen DioxideOzoneEnvironmental ExposureEpidemiological MonitoringAerosolsCarbon DioxideCarbon MonoxideNanotubes, CarbonHexanesFuel OilsKeroseneAcenaphthenesCarbon Monoxide PoisoningPolycyclic CompoundsChronology as TopicAntley-Bixler Syndrome PhenotypeSexual DevelopmentClimateEncyclopedias as TopicInfrared RaysQuantum TheorySinglet OxygenMedlinePlusElectromagnetic PhenomenaDarknessSulfur DioxideAir Pollution, IndoorAirFraudMedicare AssignmentInsurance, Health, ReimbursementCompetitive BiddingPurchasing, HospitalChlorine CompoundsArctic RegionsWeatherIce CoverIceRace RelationsParanoid DisordersBooksQuackeryHospicesNatural HistorySchizophrenia, Paranoid
Effects of Carbon Black Nanoparticles on Elastase-Induced Emphysematous Lung Injury in Mice<...Effects of Carbon Black Nanoparticles on Elastase-Induced Emphysematous Lung Injury in Mice<...
Effects of Carbon Black Nanoparticles on Elastase-Induced Emphysematous Lung Injury in Mice. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology ... Effects of Carbon Black Nanoparticles on Elastase-Induced Emphysematous Lung Injury in Mice. In: Basic and Clinical ... Effects of Carbon Black Nanoparticles on Elastase-Induced Emphysematous Lung Injury in Mice. / Inoue, Ken ichiro; Yanagisawa, ... Inoue, KI, Yanagisawa, R, Koike, E, Nakamura, R, Ichinose, T, Tasaka, S, Kiyono, M & Takano, H 2011, Effects of Carbon Black ...
keio.pure.elsevier.com
Ultrafine carbon black particles inhibit human lung fibroblast-mediated collagen gel contraction<...Ultrafine carbon black particles inhibit human lung fibroblast-mediated collagen gel contraction<...
Ultrafine carbon black particles, but not fine carbon black, inhibited fibroblast-mediated collagen gel contraction. Although ... Ultrafine carbon black particles, but not fine carbon black, inhibited fibroblast-mediated collagen gel contraction. Although ... Ultrafine carbon black particles, but not fine carbon black, inhibited fibroblast-mediated collagen gel contraction. Although ... Ultrafine carbon black particles, but not fine carbon black, inhibited fibroblast-mediated collagen gel contraction. Although ...
nebraska.pure.elsevier.com
Polymer Functionalized Single-walled Carbon Nanotube Composites and Semi-fluorinated Quaternary Ammonium Polymer Colloids and...Polymer Functionalized Single-walled Carbon Nanotube Composites and Semi-fluorinated Quaternary Ammonium Polymer Colloids and...
... carbon black, and carbon fiber. The goal is to develop polymer-CNT composites by taking an advantage of high electrical, ... After the synthesis nanotubes need to be separated from the mixture of soot (amorphous carbon) and metal catalysts. ... Carbon fibers with stacks of carbon layers, parallel to the fiber axis, and arranged in concentric sheets of carbon layers were ... Carbon fibers with stacks of carbon layers, parallel to the fiber axis, and arranged in concentric sheets of carbon layers were ...
dc.library.okstate.edu
A comparison of carbon black with soot.A comparison of carbon black with soot.
... we have examined 6 carbon blacks and 18 samples of soot. Carbon black is composed of turbostratic colloidal aggregates which we ... Carbon black is frequently confused with soot. In order to clarify the distinction between these materials, ... we have examined 6 carbon blacks and 18 samples of soot. Carbon black is composed of turbostratic colloidal aggregates which we ... The results were calculated as net revertants per mg of the original soot or carbon black. On this basis, the majority of the ...
biomedsearch.com
black carbon or soot: Black carbon in air a worry, say scientists - Times of Indiablack carbon or soot: Black carbon in air a worry, say scientists - Times of India
The amount of black carbon or soot, a potential cancer-causing substance, has been gradually increasing over Pune city since ... This only goes on to say how bad soot or black carbon is for human health, said researchers. Soot or black carbon being very ... Fundamentally, black carbon or soot is one of the members of carbon aerosol family which is emitted due to incomplete ... Continuous monitoring of surface black carbon was carried out using an Aethalometer. Black carbon data for the period of nine ...
timesofindia.indiatimes.com
Law of soot light absorption: Current climate models underestimate warming by black carbon aerosolLaw of soot light absorption: Current climate models underestimate warming by black carbon aerosol
According to recent research, air pollution, including soot, is linked to heart disease, some cancers and, in the United States ... Soot belches out of diesel engines, rises from wood- and dung-burning cookstoves and shoots out of oil refinery stacks. ... Law of soot light absorption: Current climate models underestimate warming by black carbon aerosol. ... Law of soot light absorption: Current climate models underestimate warming by black carbon aerosol. by Brandie Jefferson, ...
phys.org
Law of soot light absorption: Current climate models underestimate warming by black carbon aerosol - Washington University in...Law of soot light absorption: Current climate models underestimate warming by black carbon aerosol - Washington University in...
Engineering , News , Law of soot light absorption: Current climate models underestimate warming by black carbon aerosol ... Law of soot light absorption: Current climate models underestimate warming by black carbon aerosol ... Beyond its impact on health, soot, known as black carbon by atmospheric scientists, is a powerful global warming agent. It ... It turns out, black carbon absorbs more light when it is coated with these organic materials, but the magnitude of absorption ...
engineering.wustl.edu
Characterization of black carbon-containing particles from soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer measurements on the R/V ...Characterization of black carbon-containing particles from soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer measurements on the R/V ...
Characterization of black carbon-containing particles from soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer measurements on the R/V ...
escholarship.org
About Black Carbon | EarthjusticeAbout Black Carbon | Earthjustice
But quick action to cut black carbon can slow Arctic melting, fight global warming and save lives. ... Black carbon casts a deadly shadow worldwide, from the sprawl of Los Angeles, to the slums of Mumbai, to the Arctic ice that ... Stop Soot: The Easiest Way to Slow Climate Change. Soot, also known as black carbon, is the second-leading cause of global ... Most black carbon that falls in the Arctic comes from North America, Europe and Asia. Because black carbon air pollution is ...
earthjustice.org
3. Human Caused Forcings | Climate Change Science: An Analysis of Some Key Questions | The National Academies Press3. Human Caused Forcings | Climate Change Science: An Analysis of Some Key Questions | The National Academies Press
Black Carbon (soot). The study of the role of black carbon in the atmosphere is relatively new. As a result it is characterized ... Black carbon (soot) aerosols absorb sunlight and, even though this can cause a local cooling of the surface in regions of heavy ... What other emissions are contributing factors to climate change (e.g., aerosols, CO, black carbon soot), and what is their ... It is expected that efforts to reduce emissions of black carbon would also reduce organic carbon emissions. Ammonium nitrate ( ...
nap.edu
Black Carbon | EarthjusticeBlack Carbon | Earthjustice
Soot, Solidarity and Survival: A Conversation with Jonathan Mingle. Author Jonathan Mingle discusses his new book, Fire & Ice, ... Strong U.S. Leadership Can Deliver on Black Carbon Reductions in the Arctic. When the U.S. assumes the chair of the Arctic ... it will have an extraordinary opportunity to lead on reducing emissions of black carbon and methane. ...
earthjustice.org
Black Carbon Aerosol Particle equipment (Aerosol Monitoring) | Air and Climate - Environmental XPRTBlack Carbon Aerosol Particle equipment (Aerosol Monitoring) | Air and Climate - Environmental XPRT
Results for black carbon aerosol particle (aerosol monitoring) equipment from Aerodyne, Magee Scientific, microAeth and other ... The Soot Particle Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (SP-AMS) makes real-time, in situ measurements of black carbon containing particles ... Related terms for "black carbon aerosol particle ": black carbon equipment , carbon aerosol equipment , black carbon aerosol ... Pocket-Sized Black Carbon Aerosol Monitor. The microAeth Model AE51 is the worlds first ever real-time, pocket-sized Black ...
environmental-expert.com
A number-based inventory of size-resolved black carbon particle emissions by global civil aviation | Nature CommunicationsA number-based inventory of size-resolved black carbon particle emissions by global civil aviation | Nature Communications
Size-resolved Black Carbon (BC) particle number emission inventory is not available for global civil aviation. Here the authors ... the impacts of the black carbon (BC) in the aviation exhaust on climate, environment and public health are likely rising. The ... Zhou, C. & Penner, J. E. Aircraft soot indirect effect on large-scale cirrus clouds: Is the indirect forcing by aircraft soot ... Black carbon emissions of different transportation means. a The black carbon (BC) mass emissions and b BC particle number ...
nature.com
Climate change: What can Obama do without Congress? · StorifyClimate change: What can Obama do without Congress? · Storify
Soot, also known as black carbon, is another concern for environmentalists. One recent study argued that black carbon is a more ... Obama could order federal agencies crack down on soot-emitting sources such as diesel engines, coal-fired power stations and ... Court ruled that the Environmental Protection Agency has the authority to regulate greenhouse gas emissions such as carbon ...
storify.com
Atomic carbon - WikipediaAtomic carbon - Wikipedia
The black substance is soot. This photo was taken in the Laboratory of Professor Phil Shevlin at Auburn University. ... In this process, carbon suboxide decomposes to produce atomic carbon and carbon monoxide according to the equation: C. 3O. 2 → ... Atomic carbon is the simplest form of carbon, and is also the progenitor of carbon clusters. In addition, it may be considered ... Carbon suboxide decarbonylation[edit]. Atomic carbon can be produced by carbon suboxide decarbonylation. ...
en.wikipedia.org
Soot in Combustion Systems and Its Toxic Properties | SpringerLinkSoot in Combustion Systems and Its Toxic Properties | SpringerLink
Donnet developed the concept of surface chemistry of carbon and its involvement in interactions with gas, liquid an ... Our interest in Mulhouse for carbon black and soot began some 30 years ago when J.B. ... Our interest in Mulhouse for carbon black and soot began some 30 years ago when J.B. Donnet developed the concept of surface ... Being involved in the study of surface properties of carbon black as well as of formation of soot, we realized that the ...
link.springer.com
NASA GISS: Research Features: Global Warming in the 21st Century: Page 2NASA GISS: Research Features: Global Warming in the 21st Century: Page 2
Black carbon (soot) aerosols. This is a major pollutant that has received inadequate attention. Aerosols are tiny solid or ... Black carbon aerosols are a principal component of air pollution. In the words of Tony Hansen, microscopic soot aerosols are ... Black (elemental) carbon aerosols are soot formed by incomplete combustion, which often can be seen emanating from diesel- ... Black carbon aerosols cause a positive climate forcing that is very uncertain in magnitude, but we estimate that it is probably ...
giss.nasa.gov
Lung Disease: The soot of all evil | eLifeLung Disease: The soot of all evil | eLife
Nanocarbon black triggers perpetual inflammation in the lung.. Nanoparticles of carbon black are consumed by antigen-presenting ... Nanoparticulate carbon black in cigarette smoke induces DNA cleavage and Th17-mediated emphysema Ran You et al. ... The effect of carbon black (CB), a universal constituent of smoke derived from the incomplete combustion of organic material, ... Nanoparticulate carbon black in cigarette smoke induces DNA cleavage and Th17-mediated emphysema * R You ...
elifesciences.org
University of Leeds | News > Environment > Shining a light on the darkness of soot in air pollutionUniversity of Leeds | News > Environment > Shining a light on the darkness of soot in air pollution
Researchers are a step closer to understanding how the darkness of atmospheric soot particles is controlled by transparent ... If there is less than one-and-a-half times more non-black carbon to black carbon on the soot particle then no enhanced ... But if there is more than three times non-black carbon than black carbon on the soot particle, this creates an optimum lensing ... The right mix of black and non-black carbon forms a coating that makes the black carbon interact strongly with light. GLOMAP ...
leeds.ac.uk
Nanoparticulate carbon black in cigarette smoke induces DNA cleavage and Th17-mediated emphysema | eLifeNanoparticulate carbon black in cigarette smoke induces DNA cleavage and Th17-mediated emphysema | eLife
The accumulation of carbon black nanoparticles in smokers lungs causes sterile inflammation, double-strand DNA breaks and ... Lung Disease: The soot of all evil Derek W Russell, J Edwin Blalock ... have shown that this black substance is made of nano-sized particles of a material called carbon black (which is also known as ... Summary of organic and elemental Carbon/Black carbon analysis methods and Intercomparisons ...
elifesciences.org
Glossary - Global Warming of 1.5 ºCGlossary - Global Warming of 1.5 ºC
Some scientists use group labels that refer to the chemical composition, namely: sea salt, organic carbon, black carbon (BC), ... It is sometimes referred to as soot. BC is mostly formed by the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, biofuels and biomass but ... Carbon sequestration. The process of storing carbon in a carbon pool. See also Blue carbon, Carbon dioxide capture and storage ... Carbon cycle. The term used to describe the flow of carbon (in various forms, e.g., as carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon in biomass ...
ipcc.ch
Bike, Car or Train: Which Commute Has the Worst Air Pollution? | KQED Future of You | KQED ScienceBike, Car or Train: Which Commute Has the Worst Air Pollution? | KQED Future of You | KQED Science
Black Carbon: Known more commonly as soot. It usually comes from diesel trucks, but ships, diesel trains, vehicles, residential ... wood fires and even certain types of cooking can also release black carbon. It can worsen asthma and heart disease. ... Commuters participating in the study wore backpacks crammed with instruments to measure soot from diesel engines and other ...
kqed.org
Soot easier to control than CO2 - may help Arctic ice | Watts Up With That?Soot easier to control than CO2 - may help Arctic ice | Watts Up With That?
... that soot plays a major role in the Arctic. Controlling soot though, has to start outside of the United States, because soot ... Cutting soot emissions: Fastest, most economical way to slow global warming DENVER, Aug. 31, 2011… ... van Straten solved it with carbon black, which is a fluffy kind of soot whose intensely black particles, about 500.00 in ... Remember - soot is carbon! Carbon evil! Carbon bad!. Unless its produced by a non-western nation such as India or China, of ...
wattsupwiththat.com
The Toxicology of Soot | SpringerLinkThe Toxicology of Soot | SpringerLink
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Carbon Black Polycyclic Hydrocarbon Threshold Limit Value Cyclic Hydrocarbon These keywords ... In doing this the soot fell from the chimney and the boys became covered in soot. There were no facilities for washing or ... Boyland E. (1983) The Toxicology of Soot. In: Lahaye J., Prado G. (eds) Soot in Combustion Systems and Its Toxic Properties. ... occupational exposure to carbon black", Publication n°78-204 (Sept. 1978)Google Scholar ...
link.springer.com
Greenhouse Gases | EPAs Report on the Environment (ROE) | US EPAGreenhouse Gases | EPA's Report on the Environment (ROE) | US EPA
Others, such as black carbon or soot, contribute to warming.. *Albedo: Albedo is the amount of solar radiation reflected from ... Carbon dioxide occurs naturally as part of the global carbon cycle, but human activities have increased atmospheric loadings ... Natural sinks that remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere (e.g., oceans, plants) help regulate carbon dioxide concentrations ... Carbon dioxide is widely reported as the most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas because it currently accounts for the ...
epa.gov
DiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHumanitiesInformation ScienceHealth CareGeographicals
SootCarbonParticulate MatterVehicle EmissionsAir PollutantsSnowAir PollutionGlobal WarmingBostonAtmosphereEnvironmental MonitoringParticle SizeNitrogen DioxideOzoneEnvironmental ExposureEpidemiological MonitoringAerosolsCarbon DioxideCarbon MonoxideNanotubes, CarbonHexanesFuel OilsKeroseneAcenaphthenesCarbon Monoxide PoisoningPolycyclic CompoundsChronology as TopicAntley-Bixler Syndrome PhenotypeSexual DevelopmentClimateEncyclopedias as TopicInfrared RaysQuantum TheorySinglet OxygenMedlinePlusElectromagnetic PhenomenaDarknessSulfur DioxideAir Pollution, IndoorAirFraudMedicare AssignmentInsurance, Health, ReimbursementCompetitive BiddingPurchasing, HospitalChlorine CompoundsArctic RegionsWeatherIce CoverIceRace RelationsParanoid DisordersBooksQuackeryHospicesNatural HistorySchizophrenia, Paranoid
ParticlesLungDioxideAerosolsAtmosphereReducing soot emissionsPollutionIncomplete combustionLevels of sootSunlightMethaneParticle aerosol mass spectrometerArcticEmissionScientistsMeasurementsFossil FuelsConcentrationEffect of sootToxicology of SootMonoxideWarmsDiesel enginesAbsorbSettlesAirborne sootShow sootRadiativeDepositionEffects of black carbonParticulate matterSootyBiomassDarkens the surfaceSources of black carbonElemental carbonAlbedoCarbonaceousGlaciersResearchersCommonlyGlobal climateSphericalKnown as black carbonParticulatesScanning electron mOrganic carbonSulfateSubstanceParticles of black carbonEmissions of black carbonAggregatesImpactsRole of black carbonImpact of black carbon
Particles3
Lung1
Dioxide45
Aerosols15
Atmosphere38
Reducing soot emissions3
Pollution22
Incomplete combustion7
Levels of soot3
  • According to the Environmental Protection Agency more than one-third of Americans live in counties with unhealthy levels of soot or small particles in the air they breath. (loe.org)
  • Ranking the birds according to reflectance - in other words, how dark they were - gave them a good proxy for levels of soot in the air. (discovermagazine.com)
  • At Union Station, average levels of soot jumped from 43 micrograms per cubic meter of air outside the station to 129 on the north platform, according to a summary of the EPA's results. (chicagotribune.com)
Sunlight9
Methane9
Particle aerosol mass spectrometer1
Arctic23
Emission12
Scientists9
  • But scientists at the city-based IITM say that Pune's annual average soot concentration of 3.85 micro-gram per cubic meter (ug/m3) - caused by an increasing load of polluting vehicles, among others - is harmful enough, and much worse than that in the western countries. (indiatimes.com)
  • Scientists also found that the surface soot concentration over Pune is maximum between 8 am and 9 am and 8 pm to 11 pm. (indiatimes.com)
  • Scientists P D Safai and P C S Devara of IITM told TOI that ARFI or Aerosol Radiative Forcing over India, is a collaborative project between IITM and Indian Space Research Organisation or ISRO's geosphere biosphere programme, which involves black carbon measurement over 40 cities in the country that began in 2005. (indiatimes.com)
  • Beyond its impact on health, soot, known as black carbon by atmospheric scientists , is a powerful global warming agent. (phys.org)
  • A study published in Nature Geoscience , which involved scientists from the University of Leeds, identifies the specific amount of transparent material at which light absorption enhancement begins to take place, causing soot to become darker. (leeds.ac.uk)
  • Until now, scientists have had to assume how soot is mixed with other chemical species in individual particles and estimate how that ultimately impacts their warming potential," said Kimberly Prather, professor in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California, San Diego. (redorbit.com)
  • Some scientists have argued that black carbon's warming effect is greater than the IPCC estimated. (worldwatch.org)
  • The scientists have said that carbon emitted by active industries at that time has continued to affect the geographically remote ecosystem of glaciers. (ibtimes.co.uk)
  • Though it pours ominously out of chimneys, forest fires and the exhaust pipes of diesel-run vehicles ( right ), soot has received little attention from scientists studying global warming. (scientificamerican.com)
Measurements7
Fossil Fuels9
Concentration11
Effect of soot1
  • I was surprised how important the effect of soot was, although it wasn't completely unexpected. (eurekalert.org)
Toxicology of Soot1
Monoxide8
Warms3
Diesel engines5
  • Soot belches out of diesel engines, rises from wood- and dung-burning cookstoves and shoots out of oil refinery stacks. (phys.org)
  • Black carbon comes from diesel engines, industrial smokestacks and residential cooking and heating stoves. (earthjustice.org)
  • Obama could order federal agencies crack down on soot-emitting sources such as diesel engines, coal-fired power stations and coal-burning cookstoves. (storify.com)
  • The researchers focused on the mix of black carbon and other substances in soot particles that are released by combustion processes, such as wood burning, diesel engines and industry. (leeds.ac.uk)
  • The authors have developed a new numerical analysis method based on Euler-Lagrange Coupling to clarify the soot deposition phenomenon on Exhaust Gas Recirculation (referred to as EGR) cooler for diesel engines. (nii.ac.jp)
Absorb4
  • Rajan Chakrabarty, assistant professor in the School of Engineering & Applied Science at Washington University in St. Louis, and William R. Heinson, a National Science Foundation postdoctoral fellow in Chakrabarty's lab, took on that challenge and discovered something new about soot, or rather, a new law that describes its ability to absorb light: the law of light absorption. (phys.org)
  • Chakrabarty and Heinson wanted to figure out a universal relationship between the amount of coating and the ability of soot to absorb light. (phys.org)
  • Black carbon also can absorb light reflected from Earth's surface, which helps make it such a potent warming agent. (wattsupwiththat.com)
  • Light-absorbing particles containing mainly black or elemental carbon absorb energy and are heated to the point of incandescence. (dropletmeasurement.com)
Settles1
Airborne soot1
Show soot1
Radiative4
Deposition3
Effects of black carbon3
Particulate matter3
  • The 24-hour legal limit for particulate matter smaller than 2.5 microns, the most commonly used measure of soot, is 35 micrograms per cubic meter of air. (chicagotribune.com)
  • The Tribune tested for black carbon, an indicator of soot, while the EPA tested for particulate matter. (chicagotribune.com)
  • The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation recently predicted that the downstate region of New York State (including all of the city, plus Long Island and the lower Hudson Valley) soon will meet the federal annual health standard for soot (a.k.a. fine particulate matter), for the first time ever. (gothamgazette.com)
Sooty2
Biomass5
  • Black carbon from biomass combustion accounts for 1.6 million tonnes of CO2 in Norway, according to the study. (eurekalert.org)
  • On the other hand, residential heating from biomass has a carbon footprint of zero but has a non-negligible black carbon footprint. (forbes.com)
  • The formation and evolution of "brown carbon" (BrC, light-absorbing organic aerosol) was also examined, by measuring the optical properties of secondary organic aerosol (which under low-NO x conditions were shown to be only weakly absorbing) and examining how primary BrC (from biomass burning) evolves both chemically and optically. (epa.gov)
  • Biomass burning, a common method of clearing land and consuming farm waste, yields smoke that's comprised mainly of organic carbon and black carbon. (nasa.gov)
  • Soot particles are like tiny sponges that soak up toxic organic material and metals in fossil fuel and biomass burning. (nasa.gov)
Darkens the surface1
Sources of black carbon2
  • Bond and her laboratory have characterized specific sources of black carbon at the local level in an array of remote locations, including cookstoves and kerosene lanterns, allowing for not only collection and analysis but also improved quantitative estimates of historical data. (macfound.org)
  • Common sources of Black Carbon that can cause residential or commercial property damage include candles, fuels such as oil, propane and natural gas used in gas appliances and gas log fireplaces, firewood burned in a fireplace or a wood-burning stove. (webwire.com)
Elemental carbon2
Albedo3
Carbonaceous1
Glaciers4
Researchers9
Commonly5
Global climate3
Spherical4
Known as black carbon3
  • Soot, also known as black carbon, is another concern for environmentalists. (storify.com)
  • The burning of firewood for heating, cooking, and other uses is the main source of soot particulates, known as 'black carbon,' that enter the air at levels 150 percent higher than the national standard and more than four times the World Health Organization's recommended limit. (worldwatch.org)
  • and soot, known as black carbon. (ff.org)
Particulates1
Scanning electron m1
  • Micro-nanostructure of soot particles were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and laser diffraction spectroscopy (LDS). (sae.org)
Organic carbon3
Sulfate1
  • While reducing CO2 concentrations is extremely important, changes we make today will not be felt for quite a while, whereas changes we make today on soot and sulfate could affect our planet on timescales of months," Prather said. (redorbit.com)
Substance3
Particles of black carbon2
Emissions of black carbon1
Aggregates2
Impacts4
Role of black carbon2
  • The study, Bounding the role of black carbon in the climate system: A scientific assessment is published in the Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres (abstract here ). (theregister.co.uk)
  • The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has submitted its final Report to Congress on Black Carbon, in response to an October 2009 request from Congress to advance efforts to understand the role of black carbon (BC) in climate. (greencarcongress.com)
Impact of black carbon2