Soot
Carbon
Particulate Matter
Vehicle Emissions
Air Pollutants
Air Pollution
Global Warming
Atmosphere
Environmental Monitoring
Nitrogen Dioxide
Ozone
Environmental Exposure
Epidemiological Monitoring
Aerosols
Carbon Dioxide
Carbon Monoxide
Nanotubes, Carbon
Hexanes
Fuel Oils
Acenaphthenes
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
"Soot" is not typically considered a medical term, but it does have relevance to public health and medicine due to its potential health effects. Soot is a general term for the fine black or brown particles that are produced when materials burn, such as in fires, industrial processes, or vehicle emissions. It is made up of a complex mixture of substances, including carbon, metals, and other organic compounds.
Inhaling soot can lead to respiratory problems, cardiovascular issues, and cancer. This is because the tiny particles can penetrate deep into the lungs and even enter the bloodstream, causing inflammation and damage to tissues. Prolonged exposure or high concentrations of soot can have more severe health effects, particularly in vulnerable populations such as children, the elderly, and those with pre-existing medical conditions.
In the context of medical definitions, 'carbon' is not typically used as a standalone term. Carbon is an element with the symbol C and atomic number 6, which is naturally abundant in the human body and the environment. It is a crucial component of all living organisms, forming the basis of organic compounds, such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA).
Carbon forms strong covalent bonds with various elements, allowing for the creation of complex molecules that are essential to life. In this sense, carbon is a fundamental building block of life on Earth. However, it does not have a specific medical definition as an isolated term.
Particulate Matter (PM) refers to the mixture of tiny particles and droplets in the air that are solid or liquid in nature. These particles vary in size, with some being visible to the naked eye while others can only be seen under a microscope. PM is classified based on its diameter:
* PM10 includes particles with a diameter of 10 micrometers or smaller. These particles are often found in dust, pollen, and smoke.
* PM2.5 includes particles with a diameter of 2.5 micrometers or smaller. These fine particles are produced from sources such as power plants, industrial processes, and vehicle emissions. They can also come from natural sources like wildfires.
Exposure to particulate matter has been linked to various health problems, including respiratory issues, cardiovascular disease, and premature death. The smaller the particle, the deeper it can penetrate into the lungs, making PM2.5 particularly harmful to human health.
'Vehicle Emissions' is not a term typically used in medical definitions. However, in a broader context, it refers to the gases and particles released into the atmosphere by vehicles such as cars, trucks, buses, and airplanes. The main pollutants found in vehicle emissions include carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter (PM), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Exposure to these pollutants can have negative health effects, including respiratory symptoms, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Therefore, vehicle emissions are a significant public health concern.
Air pollutants are substances or mixtures of substances present in the air that can have negative effects on human health, the environment, and climate. These pollutants can come from a variety of sources, including industrial processes, transportation, residential heating and cooking, agricultural activities, and natural events. Some common examples of air pollutants include particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, ozone, carbon monoxide, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Air pollutants can cause a range of health effects, from respiratory irritation and coughing to more serious conditions such as bronchitis, asthma, and cancer. They can also contribute to climate change by reacting with other chemicals in the atmosphere to form harmful ground-level ozone and by directly absorbing or scattering sunlight, which can affect temperature and precipitation patterns.
Air quality standards and regulations have been established to limit the amount of air pollutants that can be released into the environment, and efforts are ongoing to reduce emissions and improve air quality worldwide.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Snow" is not a medical term. It is a natural phenomenon and a common type of precipitation that occurs when water vapor in the atmosphere freezes into ice crystals. If you have any medical concerns or questions, I would be happy to try to help answer those!
Air pollution is defined as the contamination of air due to the presence of substances or harmful elements that exceed the acceptable limits. These pollutants can be in the form of solid particles, liquid droplets, gases, or a combination of these. They can be released from various sources, including industrial processes, vehicle emissions, burning of fossil fuels, and natural events like volcanic eruptions.
Exposure to air pollution can have significant impacts on human health, contributing to respiratory diseases, cardiovascular issues, and even premature death. It can also harm the environment, damaging crops, forests, and wildlife populations. Stringent regulations and measures are necessary to control and reduce air pollution levels, thereby protecting public health and the environment.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Global Warming" is not a medical term. It is a term used in the field of climate science and environmental studies. Global warming refers to the long-term increase in Earth's average temperature. As a result of human activities, especially the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, like carbon dioxide and methane, the planet is experiencing an overall rise in temperatures, leading to various consequences such as melting ice caps, rising sea levels, and changing weather patterns. While not a medical term, it is still a critical issue that can have significant impacts on human health, including increased heat-related illnesses and deaths, changes in disease patterns, and threats to food security.
I'm not aware of any medical definition for the term "Boston." It is a city in the state of Massachusetts, USA, and is widely known for its cultural institutions, such as Boston Symphony Orchestra, Boston Ballet, and The Museum of Fine Arts. Additionally, it is home to many renowned medical institutions, including Massachusetts General Hospital, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. However, "Boston" does not have a specific meaning or definition in the medical field.
In medical terms, the term "atmosphere" is not typically used as a standalone definition or diagnosis. However, in some contexts, it may refer to the physical environment or surroundings in which medical care is provided. For example, some hospitals and healthcare facilities may have different atmospheres depending on their specialties, design, or overall ambiance.
Additionally, "atmosphere" may also be used more broadly to describe the social or emotional climate of a particular healthcare setting. For instance, a healthcare provider might describe a patient's home atmosphere as warm and welcoming, or a hospital ward's atmosphere as tense or chaotic.
It is important to note that "atmosphere" is not a medical term with a specific definition, so its meaning may vary depending on the context in which it is used.
Environmental monitoring is the systematic and ongoing surveillance, measurement, and assessment of environmental parameters, pollutants, or other stressors in order to evaluate potential impacts on human health, ecological systems, or compliance with regulatory standards. This process typically involves collecting and analyzing data from various sources, such as air, water, soil, and biota, and using this information to inform decisions related to public health, environmental protection, and resource management.
In medical terms, environmental monitoring may refer specifically to the assessment of environmental factors that can impact human health, such as air quality, water contamination, or exposure to hazardous substances. This type of monitoring is often conducted in occupational settings, where workers may be exposed to potential health hazards, as well as in community-based settings, where environmental factors may contribute to public health issues. The goal of environmental monitoring in a medical context is to identify and mitigate potential health risks associated with environmental exposures, and to promote healthy and safe environments for individuals and communities.
In the context of medical and health sciences, particle size generally refers to the diameter or dimension of particles, which can be in the form of solid particles, droplets, or aerosols. These particles may include airborne pollutants, pharmaceutical drugs, or medical devices such as nanoparticles used in drug delivery systems.
Particle size is an important factor to consider in various medical applications because it can affect the behavior and interactions of particles with biological systems. For example, smaller particle sizes can lead to greater absorption and distribution throughout the body, while larger particle sizes may be filtered out by the body's natural defense mechanisms. Therefore, understanding particle size and its implications is crucial for optimizing the safety and efficacy of medical treatments and interventions.
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a gaseous air pollutant and respiratory irritant. It is a reddish-brown toxic gas with a pungent, choking odor. NO2 is a major component of smog and is produced from the combustion of fossil fuels in vehicles, power plants, and industrial processes.
Exposure to nitrogen dioxide can cause respiratory symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, and difficulty breathing, especially in people with asthma or other respiratory conditions. Long-term exposure has been linked to the development of chronic lung diseases, including bronchitis and emphysema. NO2 also contributes to the formation of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), which can penetrate deep into the lungs and cause additional health problems.
Ozone (O3) is not a substance that is typically considered a component of health or medicine in the context of human body or physiology. It's actually a form of oxygen, but with three atoms instead of two, making it unstable and reactive. Ozone is naturally present in the Earth's atmosphere, where it forms a protective layer in the stratosphere that absorbs harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun.
However, ozone can have both beneficial and detrimental effects on human health depending on its location and concentration. At ground level or in indoor environments, ozone is considered an air pollutant that can irritate the respiratory system and aggravate asthma symptoms when inhaled at high concentrations. It's important to note that ozone should not be confused with oxygen (O2), which is essential for human life and breathing.
Environmental exposure refers to the contact of an individual with any chemical, physical, or biological agent in the environment that can cause a harmful effect on health. These exposures can occur through various pathways such as inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. Examples of environmental exposures include air pollution, water contamination, occupational chemicals, and allergens. The duration and level of exposure, as well as the susceptibility of the individual, can all contribute to the risk of developing an adverse health effect.
Epidemiological monitoring is the systematic and ongoing collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of health data pertaining to a specific population or community, with the aim of identifying and tracking patterns of disease or injury, understanding their causes, and informing public health interventions and policies. This process typically involves the use of surveillance systems, such as disease registries, to collect data on the incidence, prevalence, and distribution of health outcomes of interest, as well as potential risk factors and exposures. The information generated through epidemiological monitoring can help to identify trends and emerging health threats, inform resource allocation and program planning, and evaluate the impact of public health interventions.
Aerosols are defined in the medical field as suspensions of fine solid or liquid particles in a gas. In the context of public health and medicine, aerosols often refer to particles that can remain suspended in air for long periods of time and can be inhaled. They can contain various substances, such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, or chemicals, and can play a role in the transmission of respiratory infections or other health effects.
For example, when an infected person coughs or sneezes, they may produce respiratory droplets that can contain viruses like influenza or SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19). Some of these droplets can evaporate quickly and leave behind smaller particles called aerosols, which can remain suspended in the air for hours and potentially be inhaled by others. This is one way that respiratory viruses can spread between people in close proximity to each other.
Aerosols can also be generated through medical procedures such as bronchoscopy, suctioning, or nebulizer treatments, which can produce aerosols containing bacteria, viruses, or other particles that may pose an infection risk to healthcare workers or other patients. Therefore, appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) and airborne precautions are often necessary to reduce the risk of transmission in these settings.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a colorless, odorless gas that is naturally present in the Earth's atmosphere. It is a normal byproduct of cellular respiration in humans, animals, and plants, and is also produced through the combustion of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas.
In medical terms, carbon dioxide is often used as a respiratory stimulant and to maintain the pH balance of blood. It is also used during certain medical procedures, such as laparoscopic surgery, to insufflate (inflate) the abdominal cavity and create a working space for the surgeon.
Elevated levels of carbon dioxide in the body can lead to respiratory acidosis, a condition characterized by an increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood and a decrease in pH. This can occur in conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, or other lung diseases that impair breathing and gas exchange. Symptoms of respiratory acidosis may include shortness of breath, confusion, headache, and in severe cases, coma or death.
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that is slightly less dense than air. It is toxic to hemoglobic animals when encountered in concentrations above about 35 ppm. This compound is a product of incomplete combustion of organic matter, and is a major component of automobile exhaust.
Carbon monoxide is poisonous because it binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells much more strongly than oxygen does, forming carboxyhemoglobin. This prevents the transport of oxygen throughout the body, which can lead to suffocation and death. Symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning include headache, dizziness, weakness, nausea, vomiting, confusion, and disorientation. Prolonged exposure can lead to unconsciousness and death.
Carbon monoxide detectors are commonly used in homes and other buildings to alert occupants to the presence of this dangerous gas. It is important to ensure that these devices are functioning properly and that they are placed in appropriate locations throughout the building. Additionally, it is essential to maintain appliances and heating systems to prevent the release of carbon monoxide into living spaces.
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are defined in medical literature as hollow, cylindrical structures composed of rolled graphene sheets, with diameters typically measuring on the nanoscale (ranging from 1 to several tens of nanometers) and lengths that can reach several micrometers. They can be single-walled (SWCNTs), consisting of a single layer of graphene, or multi-walled (MWCNTs), composed of multiple concentric layers of graphene.
Carbon nanotubes have unique mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties that make them promising for various biomedical applications, such as drug delivery systems, biosensors, and tissue engineering scaffolds. However, their potential toxicity and long-term effects on human health are still under investigation, particularly concerning their ability to induce oxidative stress, inflammation, and genotoxicity in certain experimental settings.
Heptanes are a group of hydrocarbons that are composed of straight-chain or branched arrangements of six carbon atoms and are commonly found in gasoline. They are colorless liquids at room temperature with a characteristic odor. In a medical context, exposure to heptanes can occur through inhalation, skin contact, or ingestion, and can cause symptoms such as headache, dizziness, nausea, and irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat. Chronic exposure has been linked to more serious health effects, including neurological damage and cancer. Proper handling and use of heptanes, as well as adequate ventilation, are important to minimize exposure and potential health risks.
I must clarify that "Fuel Oils" is not a term typically used in medical definitions. Fuel oils are types of oil used as fuel, and they include various distillates of petroleum. They are commonly used for heating purposes or to generate electricity in industrial plants and ships.
However, if you're asking about the medical implications of exposure to fuel oils, it can cause respiratory irritation, headaches, dizziness, and nausea, especially if inhaled in large quantities or in a poorly ventilated space. Long-term exposure may lead to more severe health issues, such as bronchitis, heart disease, and cancer.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Kerosene" is not a medical term. It is a type of fuel that is commonly used in lamps, stoves, and heating systems. Medically, the term "kerosene sniffing" or "huffing" is used to describe the dangerous practice of inhaling kerosene vapors to get high, which can lead to serious health consequences, including death.
Acenaphthene is an organic compound that is classified as a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). It is made up of four benzene rings arranged in a specific structure. Acenaphthene is not typically used in medical applications, but it can be found in some industrial products and may be produced as a byproduct of certain chemical reactions or processes.
In the environment, acenaphthene can be released into the air, water, and soil through various sources, including the burning of coal and oil, the exhaust from vehicles, and the incineration of waste. It is not considered to be highly toxic to humans, but long-term exposure to high levels of acenaphthene has been linked to an increased risk of cancer in laboratory animals.
There are no specific medical definitions associated with acenaphthene, as it is not a substance that is typically used in medical treatments or procedures. However, it is important for healthcare professionals and researchers to be aware of the potential presence of acenaphthene and other PAHs in the environment, as these substances can have harmful effects on human health.
Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a medical condition that occurs when carbon monoxide gas is inhaled, leading to the accumulation of this toxic gas in the bloodstream. Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas produced by the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels such as natural gas, propane, oil, wood, or coal.
When carbon monoxide is inhaled, it binds to hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body. This binding forms carboxyhemoglobin (COHb), which reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood and leads to hypoxia, or insufficient oxygen supply to the body's tissues and organs.
The symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning can vary depending on the level of exposure and the duration of exposure. Mild to moderate CO poisoning may cause symptoms such as headache, dizziness, weakness, nausea, vomiting, chest pain, and confusion. Severe CO poisoning can lead to loss of consciousness, seizures, heart failure, respiratory failure, and even death.
Carbon monoxide poisoning is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment. Treatment typically involves administering high-flow oxygen therapy to help eliminate carbon monoxide from the body and prevent further damage to tissues and organs. In some cases, hyperbaric oxygen therapy may be used to accelerate the elimination of CO from the body.
Prevention is key in avoiding carbon monoxide poisoning. It is essential to ensure that all fuel-burning appliances are properly maintained and ventilated, and that carbon monoxide detectors are installed and functioning correctly in homes and other enclosed spaces.
Medical definitions typically focus on the relevance of a term to medicine or healthcare, so here's a medical perspective on polycyclic compounds:
Polycyclic compounds are organic substances that contain two or more chemical rings in their structure. While not all polycyclic compounds are relevant to medicine, some can have significant medical implications. For instance, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a type of polycyclic compound that can be found in tobacco smoke and certain types of air pollution. PAHs have been linked to an increased risk of cancer, particularly lung cancer, due to their ability to damage DNA.
Another example is the class of drugs called steroids, which include hormones like cortisol and sex hormones like testosterone and estrogen. These compounds are polycyclic because they contain several interconnected rings in their structure. Steroid medications are used to treat a variety of medical conditions, including inflammation, asthma, and Addison's disease.
In summary, while not all polycyclic compounds are relevant to medicine, some can have important medical implications, either as harmful environmental pollutants or as useful therapeutic agents.
Air pollution in Hong Kong
Soot (disambiguation)
Electroconductive carbon black
Allotropes of carbon
Carbon black
Amorphous carbon
World Scientists' Warning to Humanity
Mark Z. Jacobson
Global dimming
Climate change in the Arctic
Environmental Technology Verification Program
Diesel exhaust
Laundry detergent
Diesel particulate filter
Tami Bond
Aethalometer
Dead Sea Scrolls
Brown carbon
Black carbon
Borger, Texas
Climate and Clean Air Coalition to Reduce Short-Lived Climate Pollutants
Project Gaia
Tire manufacturing
Copșa Mică
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Petrokemija
Bayelsa State
NASA Environmental Management System
Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes
Lindisfarne Gospels
Soot
How Reducing Black Carbon Soot Improves Human Health - Reasons to Believe
Mixing State of Refractory Black Carbon of the North China Plain Regional Aerosol Combining a Single Particle Soot Photometer...
Black Carbon Measurements of Flame-Generated Soot as Determined by Optical, Thermal-Optical, Direct Absorption, and Laser...
Optimized method for black carbon analysis in ice and snow using the Single Particle Soot Photometer | Climate & Clean Air...
Optimized method for black carbon analysis in ice and snow using the Single Particle Soot Photometer | Climate & Clean Air...
Soot | Encyclopedia.com
Soot ahoy! Ship traffic in the Arctic • Watts Up With That?
AMT - An uncertainty-based protocol for the setup and measurement of soot-black carbon emissions from gas flares using sky-LOSA
Indian Scientists Use Black Carbon Soot For Waste Water Purification - Clean Future
Level Measurement of Carbon Black (Soot) - Application Specifics - Products - ULM level gauges
Air pollution in Hong Kong - Wikipedia
3. Human Caused Forcings | Climate Change Science: An Analysis of Some Key Questions | The National Academies Press
Droplet - SP2-XR Single Particle Soot Photometer - Extended Range | Black Carbon Monitors | Droplet Measurement Technologie...
How to Buy Time in the Fight against Climate Change: Mobilize to Stop Soot and Methane - Scientific American
Technique and theoretical approach for quantifying the hygroscopicity of black-carbon-containing aerosol using a single...
Appearance of carbon
Technokomplex - Pirotex - vidéos de la machine de pyrolyse fermée
Forty years of measuring the world's cleanest air reveals human fingerprints on the atmosphere - CSIRO
Arctic conference spotlights indigenous issues - Eye on the Arctic
Soot strategies | China Dialogue
Carbon - Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet
Air Pollution - Introduction - ProProfs Quiz
Facilities and Services | LUC | Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI)
Unlike Senate, House Democrats make climate push in China bill - Roll Call
California to start regulating gas emissions from cows • Earth.com
The Return to Nepal: In Search of Soot - Scientific American Blog Network
Glaciers - The Dark Side. It's Not the CO2 Carbon
Aviation effects on already-existing cirrus clouds | Nature Communications
Staff Listing - The University of Nottingham
Coatings | Free Full-Text | Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2/AuNRs-SiO2 Nanocomposites Applied to Building Materials
Particles40
- Black carbon soot and black carbon aerosols are tiny particles of carbon and carbon compounds that easily float up into the atmosphere. (reasons.org)
- Soot consists of particles of black carbon mixed with oxygen and various other chemicals. (encyclopedia.com)
- Soot is a type of aerosol, aerosols being liquid or solid particles small enough to float, at least for a time, in the air. (encyclopedia.com)
- Soot, since it consists of black solid particles, is a strong absorber of sunlight and so has a warming effect on climate. (encyclopedia.com)
- By 2002, some scientists believed that black carbon particles, including soot and charcoal, might be the second-largest contributors to global warming after carbon dioxide . (encyclopedia.com)
- Soot consists of microscopic particles formed when vapors containing carbon are imperfectly burned. (encyclopedia.com)
- Charcoal particles-which, together with soot, form the category of aerosols called "black carbon particles"-are produced in large quantities in China, India, and South Asian countries by the burning of wood and other organic matter for cooking. (encyclopedia.com)
- Because both soot and charcoal consist of solid particles, they tend to fall out of the atmosphere after a while or be carried to the ground by snow or rain. (encyclopedia.com)
- Nevertheless, small particles of black carbon can be carried thousands of miles, and are contributing significantly to Arctic and glacial melting by subtly darkening snow and ice. (encyclopedia.com)
- Also, because soot absorbs sunlight, it darkens the ground below: the sky is darkened in India and China so much by charcoal and soot particles that agricultural productivity is reduced by 10-20% compared to what it would be under naturally clear skies. (encyclopedia.com)
- A type of aerosol (small, airborne particle) consisting mostly of carbon: includes soot, charcoal, and some other dark organic particles. (encyclopedia.com)
- Produced by ships from the incomplete burning of marine fuel, these tiny particles of carbon act like 'heaters' because they absorb sunlight - both directly from the sun, and reflected from the surface of snow and ice. (wattsupwiththat.com)
- Leverage real-time output of black carbon mass and size for individual particles to support monitoring and field work. (inteccon.com)
- A Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP2), an instrument that measures the optical size and refractory black carbon (BC) mass content of individual aerosol particles, was modified to include a compact humidification system, described here. (nasa.gov)
- determining how airborne particles such as dust and soot that settle on massive glaciers alter how snow and ice melt, which could affect climate change as well as local water supplies. (scientificamerican.com)
- The method assumes that the overwhelming majority of char and soot particles observed originated from the fire. (emsl.com)
- The method is not designed to provide identification of individual char particles nor to determine the origin of soot particles through more advanced analysis such as Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) or the analysis of residual fuel by GC/MS. (emsl.com)
- Soot and carbon black particles have nanometer size. (emsl.com)
- My work in the 1990s showed that the physical properties of the white wispy trails aircraft trace across the sky are best explained by their soot emissions - black carbon particles and condensable substances like sulphuric acid produced during the combustion of fossil fuels such as kerosene. (dlr.de)
- In recent years, climate models quantified the major impact of contrail cirrus on Earth's radiative balance for the first time and airborne observations confirmed the relationship between the amount of emitted soot particles and the number of ice crystals in contrails . (dlr.de)
- This suggests that soot particles not only form contrail cirrus clouds, but that they could also have an influence on the formation of natural ice clouds. (dlr.de)
- Although scientific understanding of contrail formation on emitted soot particles has advanced , the soot-to-contrail-to-cirrus cloud chain of events has remained on the list of pressing questions for research to this day due to a lack of understanding of the exact processes and any direct observational evidence. (dlr.de)
- After more than two decades of work to gain a better understanding of cirrus cloud and contrail formation and their representation in global climate models, my scientific research came full circle when I learned that laboratory measurements played a crucial role in solving the mystery of how and under what conditions soot particles form cloud ice crystals. (dlr.de)
- The measurements show that the ice-forming ability of soot particles depends on the amount of time they remain in the atmosphere, and that ability strongly decreases with their size. (dlr.de)
- Turning conventional wisdom on its head, our research shows that aircraft-emitted soot particles previously frozen in contrails only exert a limited effect on cirrus clouds. (dlr.de)
- Less than one in 100 soot particles exhibit significant ice activity. (dlr.de)
- Months after these wildfires were extinguished, the smoke plumes can linger in the upper atmosphere, and form organic aerosols that condense around black carbon particles. (earth.com)
- Wildfires emit soot and organic particles that respectively absorb and scatter the sunlight to warm or cool the atmosphere to a varying net effect, depending on the composition of the smoke mixture," said study senior author Manvendra Dubey, an expert in climate, energy, and air quality research at the Los Alamos Lab. (earth.com)
- By analyzing 60 million smoke particles, the researchers managed to account for variations in the amount of organic coating on each particle, and used existing absorption models to determine how much light energy each particle absorbed in order to infer the total black carbon absorption of the plumes. (earth.com)
- Due to the very small size of black carbon particles, a few nanometres in diameter, winds can transport black carbon thousands of kilometres from the location of the fire. (scoop.co.nz)
- In colder, icier regions such as the Arctic, black carbon has a unique and potent impact because it peppers the Arctic snow with heat-absorbing black particles, increasing the amount of heat it absorbs and rapidly accelerating local warming. (americanprogress.org)
- But some particles, like soot and black carbon, are dark in color and absorb light and heat. (discovermagazine.com)
- The particles produced on combustion of diesel fuel are primarily composed of black carbon (soot). (materialstoday.com)
- Because the reliability of DPFs depends on how soot oxidises on their surface, the size and shape of soot particles can have a direct impact on the overall engine performance. (materialstoday.com)
- On average, biodiesels were found to produce smaller primary soot particles than petrodiesel, which then led to more compact and spherical agglomerates. (materialstoday.com)
- Black carbon (BC), spheroidal carbonaceous particles (SCP), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are carbonaceous pollutants affecting the climate, environment, and human health. (lu.se)
- While particle dissolution rate and chemical composition are important physicochemical properties for the toxicity of many particles, they are basically unimportant for the dosimetry of PSP, such as carbon black, coal, diesel soot, talc, and titanium dioxide, that are the focus of this review. (cdc.gov)
- Lovisa Nilsson, doctoral student in combustion physics at the Faculty of Engineering (LTH), gathered data about soot particles in the arctic climate. (lu.se)
- The Arctic has few sources of pollution, but polluted air that moves to the Arctic from other parts of the world increases the amount of soot particles that affect the melting process. (lu.se)
- Soot has a warming effect on the climate, both in the atmosphere and through the particles that fall to the ground. (lu.se)
Aerosols9
- Black carbon soot and aerosols are now present everywhere in Earth's atmosphere. (reasons.org)
- Climatologists now know black carbon-aerosols and soot-is the major contributor. (reasons.org)
- While worldwide greenhouse gas emissions are the dominant contributor to global warming and climate change, black carbon soot and black carbon aerosols play an important role. (reasons.org)
- Of these 400 million humans, 60 million are exposed to exceptionally high levels of black carbon atmospheric particulates and aerosols. (reasons.org)
- That level is well above the World Health Organization's theoretical threshold limit for safe exposure to black carbon particulates and aerosols, which is 5 micrograms per cubic meter. (reasons.org)
- What other emissions are contributing factors to climate change (e.g., aerosols, CO, black carbon soot), and what is their relative contribution to climate change? (nationalacademies.org)
- Some of these aerosols focus light on the soot, increasing its absorption. (earth.com)
- However, the quantity of absorbed light depends on the size of the aerosols and how they coat the soot. (earth.com)
- Single particle soot photometers (SP2) use laser-induced incandescence to detect aerosols on a single particle basis. (environmental-expert.com)
Emissions25
- A team of five environmental engineers led by Shubha Verma used an integrated modeling framework and the latest atmospheric particulate and human health data to determine the health impacts of black carbon emissions in one of the world's most black carbon-polluted regions-the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP). (reasons.org)
- One of the most potent 'short-lived climate forcers' in diesel emissions is black carbon, or soot," says Corbett, who is on the faculty of UD's College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment . (wattsupwiththat.com)
- Global warming potential in 2030 in the high-growth scenario suggests that short-lived forcing of ~4.5 gigagrams of black carbon from Arctic shipping may increase the global warming potential due to ships' carbon dioxide emissions (~42,000 gigagrams) by some 17-78 percent. (wattsupwiththat.com)
- The sky-LOSA optical measurement technique has emerged as a powerful means to quantify flare black carbon emissions in the field, but broader adoption has been hampered by the complexity of its deployment, where decisions during setup in the field can have profound, non-linear impacts on achievable measurement uncertainties. (copernicus.org)
- It is hoped that this work will help increase the accessibility of the sky-LOSA technique and ultimately the availability of field measurement data for flare black carbon emissions. (copernicus.org)
- Although other industrial sectors dominate gas flaring in absolute soot emissions, the locations of flaring activities (particularly in Russia) likely have a disproportionate impact on the sensitive Arctic climate due to efficient transport pathways penetrating the Arctic air mass (e.g. (copernicus.org)
- Global emissions of carbon dioxide reached (another) all-time peak in 2010. (scientificamerican.com)
- A series of new scientific studies have confirmed the potent warming effects of black carbon on melting ice and snow in the Arctic and the Himalayas, spurring a new focus on attacking sources of those emissions. (chinadialogue.net)
- According to estimates published last year in the journal Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics , black-carbon emissions have caused nearly 10% of the ice-cover loss in the Himalayas from 1990 to 2000, of which about 36% is attributed to Indian coal and biofuel burning. (chinadialogue.net)
- The shift in focus also comes against a background of continuing failure to set credible global policy on carbon-dioxide emissions. (chinadialogue.net)
- In addition, as the planet warms (a result of our carbon emissions), we will see more drought in many places, and this will affect the amount of water available for plants' growth. (nasa.gov)
- California will begin regulating greenhouse gas emissions tied to dairy cows and landfills under legislation signed Monday by Gov. Jerry Brown, escalating state efforts to fight climate change beyond carbon-based gases to include methane and other pollutants. (earth.com)
- Environmentalists hope that tackling short-lived pollutants now would buy time to develop new and more affordable technology to reduce carbon emissions. (earth.com)
- Earlier this month, Brown signed legislation setting a new goal of reducing California's carbon emissions to 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030. (earth.com)
- We know that direct atmospheric warming caused by aircraft soot emissions plays a minor role, as the total mass of soot involved is too small. (dlr.de)
- However, there are questions about aircraft soot emissions and cloud formation that still remain unanswered - some field data have indicated correlations between soot and natural cirrus clouds. (dlr.de)
- The higher the value, the greater the effect of a factor - in this case, soot emissions from aircraft - on the climate. (dlr.de)
- Predicting how soot emissions from aircraft affect the climate through interactions with cirrus clouds is only possible to a limited extent using cloud models. (dlr.de)
- New air quality regulations from the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management should require that oil and gas companies seeking to drill in the Arctic limit black carbon emissions low enough to protect the climate in addition to human health. (americanprogress.org)
- Oil drilling in the Arctic poses numerous environmental risks, one of which is increasing emissions of soot- and smog-forming pollutants. (americanprogress.org)
- Reducing black carbon emissions will help preserve the sea ice and snow that reflects this heat and keeps our global temperatures from rising too quickly. (americanprogress.org)
- Cutting black carbon emissions will temper sea-level rise, which will be increasingly problematic as the Greenland Ice Sheet-a slab of ice roughly three times the size of Texas and nearly two miles thick in places-land glaciers, and the Antarctic ice sheets continue to melt. (americanprogress.org)
- The purpose of this implementation was primarily the calculation of NOx emissions and soot within diesel engines. (lu.se)
- This takes place even if we limit carbon dioxide emissions. (lu.se)
- Carbon Dioxide Concentration provides an overview of how vegetation absorbs carbon dioxide, while industrial regions have major emissions. (lu.se)
Methane8
- To better understand the potential impact of black carbon and other ship pollutants on climate, including carbon dioxide, methane and ozone, the research team produced high-resolution (5-kilometer-by-5-kilometer) scenarios that account for growth in shipping in the region through 2050, and also outline potential new Arctic shipping routes. (wattsupwiththat.com)
- The most important greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere include carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 ), nitrous oxide (N 2 O), water vapor (H 2 O), ozone (O 3 ), and the chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs including CFC-12 (CCl 2 F 2 ) and CFC-11 (CCl 3 F)). In addition to reflecting sunlight, clouds are also a major greenhouse substance. (nationalacademies.org)
- Specifically, in the case of rapid action to slow catastrophic climate change, the best alternatives appear to be: methane and black carbon (otherwise known as soot). (scientificamerican.com)
- Even better, by analyzing some 400 potential soot- and methane-emission control measures, the international team of researchers found that just 14 deliver 'nearly 90 percent' of the potential benefits. (scientificamerican.com)
- That's because both methane and black carbon only remain in the atmosphere for a short time compared with CO2. (scientificamerican.com)
- Carbon monoxide (which comes from unvented heaters and generators and other gasoline-powered equipment) affects methane, carbon dioxide and ozone levels in the atmosphere. (nasa.gov)
- Black carbon or soot is the next most potent climate-warming agent after CO2 and methane, despite a short lifetime of weeks, but its impact in climate models is still highly uncertain. (earth.com)
- Graph covers observed temperatures through 2009 and projected temperatures thereafter under various scenarios including cutting methane, black carbon, and carbon, all relative to the 1890-1910 mean. (mongabay.com)
Aerosol8
- The five environmental engineers determined that the cardiovascular death rate in the IGP could be reduced by 400,000 lives per year if the black carbon particulate and aerosol level could be reduced to 5 micrograms per cubic meter. (reasons.org)
- [iii] But some of the analysis views soot as an aerosol, and some of it as soot in freshly fallen snow. (notrickszone.com)
- Using vertical observation data of black carbon aerosol and meteorological parameters in the ShouXian area of Anhui Province from 14 December 2016 to 3 January 2017, the thermal and dynamic effects of the boundary layer on the vertical distribution structure of black carbon were studied. (frontiersin.org)
- 2) When thermal effects were dominant, the concentration of black carbon aerosol was significantly affected by diurnal changes in the boundary layer. (frontiersin.org)
- and during the transition from a stable to an unstable boundary layer, the black carbon aerosol concentrations exhibited high values in the upper layer, with the concentration difference reaching 4 μg m −3 . (frontiersin.org)
- 3) When the dynamic effect was dominant, the structure of the vertical distribution of black carbon aerosol was affected by wind and by diurnal changes in the boundary layer simultaneously. (frontiersin.org)
- 4 m/s) removed the black carbon aerosol. (frontiersin.org)
- when stable boundary layers occurred and during transitions from stable to unstable boundary layers, the black carbon aerosol concentrations were higher in the lower layer and lower in the upper layer. (frontiersin.org)
Single particle4
- In this study we attempt to optimize the method for measuring black carbon (BC) in snow and ice using a single particle soot photometer (SP2). (ccacoalition.org)
- Wendl, I. A., J. A. Menking, R. Färber, M. Gysel, S. D. Kaspari, M. J. G. Laborde, & M. Schwikowski (2014) Optimized method for black carbon analysis in ice and snow using the Single Particle Soot Photometer , Atmos. (ccacoalition.org)
- The SP2-XR delivers accurate, size-resolved single particle measurements of black carbon mass and size with real-time, direct output suitable for monitoring applications and field research. (inteccon.com)
- Capture variances in black carbon make-up to enhance model effectiveness with single particle detection. (inteccon.com)
Atmospheric soot3
- Most atmospheric soot is produced by diesel and gasoline engines. (encyclopedia.com)
- Gas flaring is an important source of atmospheric soot-black carbon, especially in sensitive Arctic regions. (copernicus.org)
- As atmospheric physicist Veerabhadran Ramanathan of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California, San Diego, said of such efforts to reduce atmospheric soot a few years ago: 'If the world pays attention and puts resources to it, we will see an effect immediately. (scientificamerican.com)
Including carbon dioxide1
- Fires also produce invisible gases, including carbon dioxide. (discovermagazine.com)
Pollutants2
- 3 These and other studies show that CVM and CVD are 6-26 times greater for humans affected by black carbon particulates than by other atmospheric particulate pollutants. (reasons.org)
- PM2.5 includes pollutants, such as sulfate, nitrates and black carbon, posing the greatest risks to human health. (who.int)
Particulate7
- A review of hospital statistics reveals cardiovascular hospital admissions and cardiovascular deaths start rising at a black carbon atmospheric particulate level of 1 microgram per cubic meter. (reasons.org)
- Soot particulate matter (commonly referred to as black carbon, BC) has been suggested by some to be the second most potent climate forcer after CO 2 (Bond et al. (copernicus.org)
- Black carbon is part of a chemical mix of particulate matter that has long been an air-pollution concern due to its impacts on human health . (chinadialogue.net)
- Char is used as the primary indicator and soot is used as the secondary indicator of fire-related particulate. (emsl.com)
- And oil drilling releases black carbon, a light-absorbing component of particulate matter 2.5, or soot. (americanprogress.org)
- Black carbon is a main component of soot-the common term for PM 2.5 pollution, or particulate matter that is 2.5 micrometers in diameter or smaller. (americanprogress.org)
- We investigated the suitability of the graphitic carbon (GC) content of diesel particulate matter (DPM), measured using Raman spectroscopy, as a surrogate measure of elemental carbon (EC) determined by thermal optical analysis. (cdc.gov)
Monoxide7
- Some can have an indirect greenhouse effect, as with carbon monoxide (CO). 2 If the average survival time for a gas in the atmosphere is a year or longer, then the winds have time to spread it throughout the lower atmosphere, and its absorption of terrestrial infrared radiation occurs at all latitudes and longitudes. (nationalacademies.org)
- Because carbon monoxide lingers in the air for about a month it can travel long distances, making it useful for studying how air pollution moves around the world. (nasa.gov)
- Some compounds commonly associated with landfills are hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen chloride, and vinyl chloride. (cdc.gov)
- Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, and highly poisonous gas produced from the incomplete combustion of organic matter, including fossil fuels. (medscape.com)
- For patient education information, see Carbon Monoxide Poisoning . (medscape.com)
- Carbon monoxide (CO) exerts its toxic effects through a combination of tissue asphyxia and inflammatory activity. (medscape.com)
- Fire-related deaths may also result from inhalation of carbon monoxide and other toxic products of combustion, including cyanide. (medscape.com)
Concentrations3
- The standard does not require the quantification of char or soot concentrations. (emsl.com)
- Black carbon concentrations in the Antarctic Peninsula record dramatically increased in the 13th century well above previous levels with the highest concentrations in the 16th and 17th centuries. (scoop.co.nz)
- Carbon-dioxide concentrations ranged from 425 to 675 parts per million. (cdc.gov)
Gases2
- In addition, sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 ) and perfluorocarbon gases such as carbon tetrafluoride (CF 4 ) are very potent and nearly inert greenhouse gases with atmospheric lifetimes much longer than 1000 years. (nationalacademies.org)
- For example, many people and companies are trying to be " Carbon Neutral " to prevent more greenhouse gases from entering the atmosphere. (windows2universe.org)
Emit1
- The two major electricity companies of Hong Kong, namely China Light and Power and HK Electric Holdings emit more than 75,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide into Hong Kong's air daily. (wikipedia.org)
Short-lived climate forcers1
- Previously seen as a distraction from capping and reducing carbon dioxide, the nexus of air pollution and global warming is finally coming to the forefront of the climate-policy debate as evidence grows that so-called short-lived climate forcers like black carbon have big effects. (chinadialogue.net)
Measurements2
- In 2007, other scientists made measurements showing that brown clouds of soot over the Indian Ocean absorbed enough solar energy to account for up to half of the climate warming seen in Asia in recent decades, which has been causing glaciers to melt in the Himalayas. (encyclopedia.com)
- Given its remoteness and distance from cities, it should provide good "baseline" measurements - any soot that we find likely will be the result of long-range transport. (scientificamerican.com)
Sunlight2
- Dirty snow or ice melts quite quickly because much more of the sunlight is absorbed as heat by the soot. (notrickszone.com)
- Black carbon is important for our climate because it absorbs sunlight warming the planet. (scoop.co.nz)
Arctic15
- The black carbon in the Canadian Arctic and eastern Siberia originates from India and China, where winds carry much of the black carbon emitted there and deposit it upon the Canadian Arctic and eastern Siberia. (reasons.org)
- Ships operating in or near the Arctic use advanced diesel engines that release black carbon into one of the most sensitive regions for climate change. (wattsupwiththat.com)
- Their scenario shows that with controls, the amount of Arctic black carbon from shipping can be reduced in the near term and held nearly constant through 2050. (wattsupwiththat.com)
- In addition to saving lives, stopping soot may also preserve endangered ecosystems, such as the mountain glaciers of the Himalayas and Karakoram or Arctic sea ice. (scientificamerican.com)
- In fact, the computer modeling suggests cutting black carbon could forestall as much as two thirds of the warming in the Arctic-the fastest warming region of the globe-over the next 30 years. (scientificamerican.com)
- The latest research identifies open burning in agricultural fields in Eurasia as a key source of black carbon in the Arctic. (chinadialogue.net)
- Scientists have identified open burning in northern Eurasia - Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia and north-west China - as the single biggest source of black carbon in the Arctic and say that, at certain times of the year, it may constitute an even bigger contribution to warming in the region than carbon dioxide. (chinadialogue.net)
- When black carbon settles on ice and snow in the Arctic and Antarctic or on mountain glaciers it darkens the surface of the snow, speeding up melt and reducing freshwater availability. (nasa.gov)
- Note how much carbon is in the high Arctic, compared to that at the equator and further south. (notrickszone.com)
- A recent article states that half of the Arctic warming since 1890 may be due to Black Carbon. (notrickszone.com)
- Although black carbon-a super greenhouse gas-is also released in the Gulf, CAP has shown that it is a particularly potent accelerator of warming and snow and ice melt in the Arctic. (americanprogress.org)
- This provides BOEM with a crucial opportunity to ensure that regulations not only protect public health but also factor in the vulnerability of the Arctic environment to black carbon and climate change. (americanprogress.org)
- The Arctic is warming at a rate twice as fast as the rest of the world, partly because of the harsh effects of black carbon pollution on the region's snow and ice. (americanprogress.org)
- The icebreaker Oden sails between Svalbard and Greenland, and this spring, doctoral student Lovisa Nilsson, and a member of MERGE, joined the ship to study the transition from winter to summer in the Arctic, and how soot affects the melting of sea ice. (lu.se)
- Soot on snow and ice in the Arctic makes the ground blacker and more likely to absorb sunshine, which means that the ice melts more quickly. (lu.se)
Charcoal3
- Soot is often distinguished from charcoal, which comes from the burning of organic matter such as wood rather than from the burning of fossil fuel. (encyclopedia.com)
- Charcoal is a black powder that is not truly crystalline. (answers.com)
- Clovis-age sites in North American are overlain by a thin, discrete layer with varying peak abundances of (i) magnetic grains with iridium, (ii) magnetic microspherules, (iii) charcoal, (iv) soot, (v) carbon spherules, (vi) glass-like carbon containing nanodiamonds, and (vii) fullerenes with ET helium, all of which are evidence for an ET impact and associated biomass burning at approx. (cdc.gov)
Diesel engines1
- A group of Indian scientists have come up with a new process which promises to help utilize black carbon soot, which is emitted from gas and diesel engines, coal-fired power plants and other processes that involve burning of fossil fuel, for treating industrial waste containing highly poisonous organic dyes. (cleanfuture.co.in)
Potent2
- Black carbon - or soot - emitted by vehicles, power plants, residential heating, and wildfires is a highly potent absorber of solar radiation that converts incoming light to atmospheric heating. (earth.com)
- Black carbon is a deadly, widespread air pollutant and a potent driver of climate change, especially in the near term and on a regional basis. (americanprogress.org)
Titanium dioxide1
- Iron oxides (component of rust), titanium dioxide (pigment in paint) have similar morphology and size with soot and they constitute common interference in this analysis. (emsl.com)
Particulates4
- Black carbon particulates are known to be coemitted with highly toxic compounds. (reasons.org)
- 2 Studies show a strong correlation between black carbon particulates and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cardiovascular morbidity (CVM) for both short- (less than 24 hours) and long-term (more than 1 year) exposure. (reasons.org)
- Black carbon particulates from wildfires spreads eastward across the U.S. in this image captured July 21, 2021. (livescience.com)
- The second, captured on July 21, maps the concentration of black carbon particulates - commonly called soot - across North America. (livescience.com)
NASA4
- According to James Hansen of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and Larissa Nazarenko of Columbia University , the darkening of snow albedo (reflectivity) by soot, especially in the Northern Hemisphere, may account for a fourth of observed global warming. (encyclopedia.com)
- This year marks the 40th anniversary of Cape Grim, one of only three World Meteorological Organization global super-stations for measuring carbon dioxide - it started in 1976 with an ex-NASA caravan. (www.csiro.au)
- Using NASA satellites such as Landsat, people can study the severity, size and location of forest fires from space, and we can estimate how much carbon is released into the atmosphere as the fires burn. (nasa.gov)
- NASA admits that soot is part of the melting glacier problem, but downplays its importance. (notrickszone.com)
Glaciers6
- Research shows that black carbon is also heavily impacting the glaciers of the Himalayas, another region of global significance. (chinadialogue.net)
- Carbon dioxide from human activities, like the burning of fossil fuels, is harmful, leading to a rise in Earth's surface temperature, the melting of ice sheets and glaciers, more weather extremes, sea level rise, and other consequences. (nasa.gov)
- While lakes eat away at ice in glacier ablation (melt) zones, dust and soot can enhance melting higher up, in accumulation zones where the glaciers grow. (scientificamerican.com)
- [i] But if carbon dioxide is not significantly warming the planet, then why are most northern glaciers shrinking? (notrickszone.com)
- Soot is visible also on Greenland glaciers. (notrickszone.com)
- The Alaskan and Canadian glaciers are receding because of soot from China. (notrickszone.com)
Pollution3
- Soot impacts human health directly, as a form of air pollution . (encyclopedia.com)
- Worldwide, about a million deaths a year are caused by airborne particle pollution, mostly by soot. (encyclopedia.com)
- The Cape Grim Baseline Air Pollution Station measured carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere exceeding 400 parts per million . (www.csiro.au)
Refractory black1
- Refractory black carbon - think of 'soot' - is emitted into the atmosphere from biomass burning, such as forest fires. (scoop.co.nz)
Impacts2
- And black carbon's large and direct human health impacts, plus the fact it is already targeted by rapidly urbanising countries, make it an attractive target. (chinadialogue.net)
- As we add more carbon dioxide to the air (through burning of fossil fuels, cutting down trees and so on), the possible additional growth by vegetation may help counter some of our impacts. (nasa.gov)
Atmosphere8
- Which one of these increases the level of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere? (nasa.gov)
- Every time we drive a car, take a flight, burn fossil fuels for energy, or cut down trees or clear land of vegetation, we add carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. (nasa.gov)
- Why do levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere fall during the summer in the Northern Hemisphere? (nasa.gov)
- Plants on land have taken in approximately half of the carbon dioxide that humans have put into the atmosphere over the last several decades. (nasa.gov)
- Carbon dioxide is not the only carbon-containing compound in the atmosphere researchers are studying. (nasa.gov)
- Carbon dioxide is not the only carbon-containing compound in the atmosphere that affects our climate. (nasa.gov)
- People have been concerned about the rise in carbon dioxide in our atmosphere, the result of human activity, since what period of time? (nasa.gov)
- When we use the slow carbon (fossil fuels) quickly, we throw off the balance and increase the carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. (lu.se)
Combustion1
- Filter the soot produced by incomplete combustion of diesel fuel in vehicles, and attempt to eliminate inefficient internal combustion engine vehicles entirely. (scientificamerican.com)
Absorption3
- Here he discusses how absorption of solar energy by soot and Black Carbon contribute significantly to glacial melting and that CO2 is a minor factor. (notrickszone.com)
- We discovered a systematic relationship between the increase in light absorption efficiency of soot with age due to the growth in organic coatings. (earth.com)
- When smoke plumes remain in the lower troposphere and don't experience temperatures below freezing, black carbon absorption can be predicted by an empirical relationship related to the ratio of coating material to black carbon volume in the plume. (earth.com)
Hemisphere2
- B. People in the Northern Hemisphere drive more in the summer, thus releasing more carbon dioxide into the air. (nasa.gov)
- Black carbon from Southern Hemisphere fires reaches as far as the pristine Antarctic continent. (scoop.co.nz)
FOSSIL FUELS1
- The first greenhouse gas demonstrated to be increasing in atmospheric concentration was carbon dioxide, formed as a major end product in the extraction of energy from the burning of the fossil fuels-coal, oil, and natural gas-as well as in the burning of biomass. (nationalacademies.org)
Earth's2
- Earth's average temperature over the past 100 years is shown in the black line. (windows2universe.org)
- In our iGlobe you can see several films and simulations, with everything from the world's carbon dioxide levels and the Earth's population growth to the spread of the ice age and the movements of the continental plates. (lu.se)
World's1
- If that is true, perhaps some of the world's warming in the last century is due to black soot, and not CO2 . (notrickszone.com)
Himalayas1
- Tracking the giant black carbon footprint in the Himalayas just became a whole lot easier. (mongabay.com)
Effects of black carbon on snow2
- She is currently spending a year abroad on a Fulbright scholarship and has expanded her project to study the effects of black carbon on snow melt. (scientificamerican.com)
- The darkening effects of black carbon on snow have global implications. (americanprogress.org)
Nanotubes3
- Research is now being undertaken to extend these balls into hollow tubes so that long carbon 'nanotubes' can be made. (answers.com)
- My research interests include the preparation, manipulation and characterisation of a wide range of molecular, carbon and inorganic nanomaterials, with particular focus on the synthesis, transformation and analysis of one-dimensional carbon nanostructures (nanotubes and nanofibres) and their composites by micro Raman spectroscopy. (nottingham.ac.uk)
- Stabilization of Polyoxometalate Charge Carriers via Redox-Driven Nanoconfinement in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Fuels1
- Black carbon (soot) is the byproduct of burning fuels like petroleum and coal. (nasa.gov)
Sludge1
- A black material, described as soot or sludge, was mentioned which they felt may have originated from the ventilation system in the building. (cdc.gov)
Global2
- Global efforts to mitigate climate change are beginning to take aim at a once-obscure pollutant called " black carbon " in a shift that may bring policies to cool the planet to families preparing meals at home and farmers readying plots of land for planting. (chinadialogue.net)
- Some climate models have predicted a very large global radiative imbalance (radiative forcing) due to aircraft-soot induced changes in the cirrus clouds. (dlr.de)
Produces3
- And thus, this process produces up to three tons of carbon dioxide. (azocleantech.com)
- The demineralization process not just produces high-grade industrial soot. (azocleantech.com)
- Such burning produces significant soot (as well as carbon), which disrupts rainfall, poses health hazards, and warms the Earth. (mongabay.com)
Overestimate2
- Our strategy was therefore to deliberately overestimate the influence of aircraft soot in our model in order to determine the maximum conceivable effect on cirrus formation. (dlr.de)
- They found that current climate models generally overestimate how much radiation is absorbed by black carbon, leading to large uncertainties and biases in wildfire climate effects. (earth.com)
Melt3
- As the power of black carbon to accelerate ice-melt becomes clearer, climate-change policymakers are giving more time to this long overlooked pollutant. (chinadialogue.net)
- When the melt gets down to smooth ice, the soot concentrates in cracks. (notrickszone.com)
- Black carbon on snow during spring melt in the Tibetan Plateau, for example, creates forcing rates 200 times higher than was assumed for black carbon on snow in the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report. (notrickszone.com)
Impact of black carbon1
- This simple parameterization is suitable for incorporation into complex earth systems models to determine the climate impact of black carbon," the authors concluded. (earth.com)
Source of black carbon1
- 2021) in Nature suggests that New Zealand has been the dominant source of black carbon to a large sector of Antarctica since the 13th century. (scoop.co.nz)
Airborne1
- For example, in 2000, the California Air Resources Board estimated that 70% of California's total cancer risk due to airborne toxins was from diesel soot. (encyclopedia.com)
Incomplete1
- it is also released by the incomplete burning of carbon-containing vapors. (encyclopedia.com)
Climate impact1
- With some fires, the climate impact of this carbon dioxide could actually be minimal. (discovermagazine.com)
Scientists3
- The scientists have developed two techniques: one to convert black soot into graphene nanosheets, and the second to utilize the nanosheets to remove organic dyes such as crystal violet, rhodamine B, and methylene blue from industrial waste. (cleanfuture.co.in)
- Led by RCB Nanotechnologies GmbH from Munich, scientists at Fraunhofer IBP in Valley, Germany, have designed a demineralization technique for discharging the recycled carbon black from its mineral load. (azocleantech.com)
- For some time now, ice core scientists have wondered where the black carbon reaching Antarctica comes from. (scoop.co.nz)
Content2
- In the field, this can be quantified by collecting physical samples of snow, filtering them for contaminants and then analyzing the filters back in the lab for dust and soot content. (scientificamerican.com)
- Only a sparse proportion of the carbon black included in such tires are recycled, as mineral ash accounts for nearly 20% of its content. (azocleantech.com)
Elemental carbon2
Reactor2
- To put it simply: We place the (raw) carbon black/ash mixture together with various additives in a reactor, blend it with fluid and run a defined pressure and temperature curve. (azocleantech.com)
- Comparisons of soot production with measured data from a carbon black reactor indicate good agreement. (lu.se)