Bk virus. Medical search

Infections with POLYOMAVIRUS, which are often cultured from the urine of kidney transplant patients. Excretion of BK VIRUS is associated with ureteral strictures and CYSTITIS, and that of JC VIRUS with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY, PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL).

A genus of potentially oncogenic viruses of the family POLYOMAVIRIDAE. These viruses are normally present in their natural hosts as latent infections. The virus is oncogenic in hosts different from the species of origin.

Infections produced by oncogenic viruses. The infections caused by DNA viruses are less numerous but more diverse than those caused by the RNA oncogenic viruses.

A species of POLYOMAVIRUS apparently infecting over 90% of children but not clearly associated with any clinical illness in childhood. The virus remains latent in the body throughout life and can be reactivated under certain circumstances.

A species of POLYOMAVIRUS, originally isolated from the brain of a patient with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. The patient's initials J.C. gave the virus its name. Infection is not accompanied by any apparent illness but serious demyelinating disease can appear later, probably following reactivation of latent virus.

A family of small, non-enveloped DNA viruses, infecting mainly MAMMALS, and containing a single genus: POLYOMAVIRUS.

A species of POLYOMAVIRUS originally isolated from Rhesus monkey kidney tissue. It produces malignancy in human and newborn hamster kidney cell cultures.

Viruses whose genetic material is RNA.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

The process of intracellular viral multiplication, consisting of the synthesis of PROTEINS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; and sometimes LIPIDS, and their assembly into a new infectious particle.

The type species of ORTHOPOXVIRUS, related to COWPOX VIRUS, but whose true origin is unknown. It has been used as a live vaccine against SMALLPOX. It is also used as a vector for inserting foreign DNA into animals. Rabbitpox virus is a subspecies of VACCINIA VIRUS.

Liquid by-product of excretion produced in the kidneys, temporarily stored in the bladder until discharge through the URETHRA.

Inflammation of the URINARY BLADDER, either from bacterial or non-bacterial causes. Cystitis is usually associated with painful urination (dysuria), increased frequency, urgency, and suprapubic pain.

Specific molecular components of the cell capable of recognizing and interacting with a virus, and which, after binding it, are capable of generating some signal that initiates the chain of events leading to the biological response.

The transference of a kidney from one human or animal to another.

Process of growing viruses in live animals, plants, or cultured cells.

The functional hereditary units of VIRUSES.

The expelling of virus particles from the body. Important routes include the respiratory tract, genital tract, and intestinal tract. Virus shedding is an important means of vertical transmission (INFECTIOUS DISEASE TRANSMISSION, VERTICAL).

Substances elaborated by viruses that have antigenic activity.

A general term for diseases produced by viruses.

The assembly of VIRAL STRUCTURAL PROTEINS and nucleic acid (VIRAL DNA or VIRAL RNA) to form a VIRUS PARTICLE.

Viruses parasitic on plants higher than bacteria.

Viruses whose nucleic acid is DNA.

Viruses which lack a complete genome so that they cannot completely replicate or cannot form a protein coat. Some are host-dependent defectives, meaning they can replicate only in cell systems which provide the particular genetic function which they lack. Others, called SATELLITE VIRUSES, are able to replicate only when their genetic defect is complemented by a helper virus.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

The type species of ALPHAVIRUS normally transmitted to birds by CULEX mosquitoes in Egypt, South Africa, India, Malaya, the Philippines, and Australia. It may be associated with fever in humans. Serotypes (differing by less than 17% in nucleotide sequence) include Babanki, Kyzylagach, and Ockelbo viruses.

The type species of MORBILLIVIRUS and the cause of the highly infectious human disease MEASLES, which affects mostly children.

A subtype of INFLUENZA A VIRUS with the surface proteins hemagglutinin 1 and neuraminidase 1. The H1N1 subtype was responsible for the Spanish flu pandemic of 1918.

A CELL LINE derived from the kidney of the African green (vervet) monkey, (CERCOPITHECUS AETHIOPS) used primarily in virus replication studies and plaque assays.

The type species of LYSSAVIRUS causing rabies in humans and other animals. Transmission is mostly by animal bites through saliva. The virus is neurotropic multiplying in neurons and myotubes of vertebrates.

Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.

An inheritable change in cells manifested by changes in cell division and growth and alterations in cell surface properties. It is induced by infection with a transforming virus.

A species of CERCOPITHECUS containing three subspecies: C. tantalus, C. pygerythrus, and C. sabeus. They are found in the forests and savannah of Africa. The African green monkey (C. pygerythrus) is the natural host of SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS and is used in AIDS research.

A subtype of INFLUENZA A VIRUS comprised of the surface proteins hemagglutinin 5 and neuraminidase 1. The H5N1 subtype, frequently referred to as the bird flu virus, is endemic in wild birds and very contagious among both domestic (POULTRY) and wild birds. It does not usually infect humans, but some cases have been reported.

The presence of viruses in the blood.

Proteins found in any species of virus.

A subtype of INFLUENZA A VIRUS comprised of the surface proteins hemagglutinin 3 and neuraminidase 2. The H3N2 subtype was responsible for the Hong Kong flu pandemic of 1968.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

The type species of the genus ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS which causes human HEPATITIS B and is also apparently a causal agent in human HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA. The Dane particle is an intact hepatitis virion, named after its discoverer. Non-infectious spherical and tubular particles are also seen in the serum.

A species of FLAVIVIRUS, one of the Japanese encephalitis virus group (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUSES, JAPANESE). It can infect birds and mammals. In humans, it is seen most frequently in Africa, Asia, and Europe presenting as a silent infection or undifferentiated fever (WEST NILE FEVER). The virus appeared in North America for the first time in 1999. It is transmitted mainly by CULEX spp mosquitoes which feed primarily on birds, but it can also be carried by the Asian Tiger mosquito, AEDES albopictus, which feeds mainly on mammals.

Agents used in the prophylaxis or therapy of VIRUS DISEASES. Some of the ways they may act include preventing viral replication by inhibiting viral DNA polymerase; binding to specific cell-surface receptors and inhibiting viral penetration or uncoating; inhibiting viral protein synthesis; or blocking late stages of virus assembly.

A group of viruses in the PNEUMOVIRUS genus causing respiratory infections in various mammals. Humans and cattle are most affected but infections in goats and sheep have also been reported.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The quantity of measurable virus in a body fluid. Change in viral load, measured in plasma, is sometimes used as a SURROGATE MARKER in disease progression.

The mechanism by which latent viruses, such as genetically transmitted tumor viruses (PROVIRUSES) or PROPHAGES of lysogenic bacteria, are induced to replicate and then released as infectious viruses. It may be effected by various endogenous and exogenous stimuli, including B-cell LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES, glucocorticoid hormones, halogenated pyrimidines, IONIZING RADIATION, ultraviolet light, and superinfecting viruses.

Visible morphologic changes in cells infected with viruses. It includes shutdown of cellular RNA and protein synthesis, cell fusion, release of lysosomal enzymes, changes in cell membrane permeability, diffuse changes in intracellular structures, presence of viral inclusion bodies, and chromosomal aberrations. It excludes malignant transformation, which is CELL TRANSFORMATION, VIRAL. Viral cytopathogenic effects provide a valuable method for identifying and classifying the infecting viruses.

Biological activities of viruses and their interactions with the cells they infect.

Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

The type species of VESICULOVIRUS causing a disease symptomatically similar to FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE in cattle, horses, and pigs. It may be transmitted to other species including humans, where it causes influenza-like symptoms.

Proteins that form the CAPSID of VIRUSES.

Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS.

The ability of a pathogenic virus to lie dormant within a cell (latent infection). In eukaryotes, subsequent activation and viral replication is thought to be caused by extracellular stimulation of cellular transcription factors. Latency in bacteriophage is maintained by the expression of virally encoded repressors.

Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.

Membrane glycoproteins from influenza viruses which are involved in hemagglutination, virus attachment, and envelope fusion. Fourteen distinct subtypes of HA glycoproteins and nine of NA glycoproteins have been identified from INFLUENZA A VIRUS; no subtypes have been identified for Influenza B or Influenza C viruses.

Viruses that produce tumors.

A suborder of PRIMATES consisting of six families: CEBIDAE (some New World monkeys), ATELIDAE (some New World monkeys), CERCOPITHECIDAE (Old World monkeys), HYLOBATIDAE (gibbons and siamangs), CALLITRICHINAE (marmosets and tamarins), and HOMINIDAE (humans and great apes).

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.

Species of the genus LENTIVIRUS, subgenus primate immunodeficiency viruses (IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUSES, PRIMATE), that induces acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in monkeys and apes (SAIDS). The genetic organization of SIV is virtually identical to HIV.

The type species of RUBULAVIRUS that causes an acute infectious disease in humans, affecting mainly children. Transmission occurs by droplet infection.

Polyomavirus antigens which cause infection and cellular transformation. The large T antigen is necessary for the initiation of viral DNA synthesis, repression of transcription of the early region and is responsible in conjunction with the middle T antigen for the transformation of primary cells. Small T antigen is necessary for the completion of the productive infection cycle.

The study of the structure, growth, function, genetics, and reproduction of viruses, and VIRUS DISEASES.

A species of RESPIROVIRUS also called hemadsorption virus 2 (HA2), which causes laryngotracheitis in humans, especially children.

Viruses which produce a mottled appearance of the leaves of plants.

The infective system of a virus, composed of the viral genome, a protein core, and a protein coat called a capsid, which may be naked or enclosed in a lipoprotein envelope called the peplos.

A species in the genus HEPATOVIRUS containing one serotype and two strains: HUMAN HEPATITIS A VIRUS and Simian hepatitis A virus causing hepatitis in humans (HEPATITIS A) and primates, respectively.

A species of ALPHAVIRUS isolated in central, eastern, and southern Africa.

Group of alpharetroviruses (ALPHARETROVIRUS) producing sarcomata and other tumors in chickens and other fowl and also in pigeons, ducks, and RATS.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Method for measuring viral infectivity and multiplication in CULTURED CELLS. Clear lysed areas or plaques develop as the VIRAL PARTICLES are released from the infected cells during incubation. With some VIRUSES, the cells are killed by a cytopathic effect; with others, the infected cells are not killed but can be detected by their hemadsorptive ability. Sometimes the plaque cells contain VIRAL ANTIGENS which can be measured by IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE.

The measurement of infection-blocking titer of ANTISERA by testing a series of dilutions for a given virus-antiserum interaction end-point, which is generally the dilution at which tissue cultures inoculated with the serum-virus mixtures demonstrate cytopathology (CPE) or the dilution at which 50% of test animals injected with serum-virus mixtures show infectivity (ID50) or die (LD50).

The binding of virus particles to receptors on the host cell surface. For enveloped viruses, the virion ligand is usually a surface glycoprotein as is the cellular receptor. For non-enveloped viruses, the virus CAPSID serves as the ligand.

Viruses whose taxonomic relationships have not been established.

Enzymes that are part of the restriction-modification systems. They catalyze the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA sequences which lack the species-specific methylation pattern in the host cell's DNA. Cleavage yields random or specific double-stranded fragments with terminal 5'-phosphates. The function of restriction enzymes is to destroy any foreign DNA that invades the host cell. Most have been studied in bacterial systems, but a few have been found in eukaryotic organisms. They are also used as tools for the systematic dissection and mapping of chromosomes, in the determination of base sequences of DNAs, and have made it possible to splice and recombine genes from one organism into the genome of another. EC 3.21.1.

A major class of calcium activated potassium channels whose members are voltage-dependent. MaxiK channels are activated by either membrane depolarization or an increase in intracellular Ca(2+). They are key regulators of calcium and electrical signaling in a variety of tissues.

The type species of ALPHARETROVIRUS producing latent or manifest lymphoid leukosis in fowl.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

A family of RNA viruses causing INFLUENZA and other diseases. There are five recognized genera: INFLUENZAVIRUS A; INFLUENZAVIRUS B; INFLUENZAVIRUS C; ISAVIRUS; and THOGOTOVIRUS.

The type species of ORBIVIRUS causing a serious disease in sheep, especially lambs. It may also infect wild ruminants and other domestic animals.

Virus diseases caused by the ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE.

Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic factors influence the differential control of gene action in viruses.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

The type species of RESPIROVIRUS in the subfamily PARAMYXOVIRINAE. It is the murine version of HUMAN PARAINFLUENZA VIRUS 1, distinguished by host range.

A strain of Murine leukemia virus (LEUKEMIA VIRUS, MURINE) arising during the propagation of S37 mouse sarcoma, and causing lymphoid leukemia in mice. It also infects rats and newborn hamsters. It is apparently transmitted to embryos in utero and to newborns through mother's milk.

A human or animal whose immunologic mechanism is deficient because of an immunodeficiency disorder or other disease or as the result of the administration of immunosuppressive drugs or radiation.

An opportunistic viral infection of the central nervous system associated with conditions that impair cell-mediated immunity (e.g., ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and other IMMUNOLOGIC DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES; HEMATOLOGIC NEOPLASMS; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; and COLLAGEN DISEASES). The causative organism is JC Polyomavirus (JC VIRUS) which primarily affects oligodendrocytes, resulting in multiple areas of demyelination. Clinical manifestations include DEMENTIA; ATAXIA; visual disturbances; and other focal neurologic deficits, generally progressing to a vegetative state within 6 months. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, pp36-7)

Insertion of viral DNA into host-cell DNA. This includes integration of phage DNA into bacterial DNA; (LYSOGENY); to form a PROPHAGE or integration of retroviral DNA into cellular DNA to form a PROVIRUS.

Widely used technique which exploits the ability of complementary sequences in single-stranded DNAs or RNAs to pair with each other to form a double helix. Hybridization can take place between two complimentary DNA sequences, between a single-stranded DNA and a complementary RNA, or between two RNA sequences. The technique is used to detect and isolate specific sequences, measure homology, or define other characteristics of one or both strands. (Kendrew, Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994, p503)

The outer protein protective shell of a virus, which protects the viral nucleic acid.

The type species of the FLAVIVIRUS genus. Principal vector transmission to humans is by AEDES spp. mosquitoes.

A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily ALPHAHERPESVIRINAE, consisting of herpes simplex-like viruses. The type species is HERPESVIRUS 1, HUMAN.

The type species of TOBAMOVIRUS which causes mosaic disease of tobacco. Transmission occurs by mechanical inoculation.

Serological reactions in which an antiserum against one antigen reacts with a non-identical but closely related antigen.

Pneumovirus infections caused by the RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUSES. Humans and cattle are most affected but infections in goats and sheep have been reported.

Deliberate prevention or diminution of the host's immune response. It may be nonspecific as in the administration of immunosuppressive agents (drugs or radiation) or by lymphocyte depletion or may be specific as in desensitization or the simultaneous administration of antigen and immunosuppressive drugs.

The type species of LEPORIPOXVIRUS causing infectious myxomatosis, a severe generalized disease, in rabbits. Tumors are not always present.

Inactivation of viruses by non-immune related techniques. They include extremes of pH, HEAT treatment, ultraviolet radiation, IONIZING RADIATION; DESICCATION; ANTISEPTICS; DISINFECTANTS; organic solvents, and DETERGENTS.

A species of ORTHOPOXVIRUS that is the etiologic agent of COWPOX. It is closely related to but antigenically different from VACCINIA VIRUS.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

A species of ORTHOPOXVIRUS causing infections in humans. No infections have been reported since 1977 and the virus is now believed to be virtually extinct.

Genes which regulate or circumscribe the activity of other genes; specifically, genes which code for PROTEINS or RNAs which have GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION functions.

The type species of PNEUMOVIRUS and an important cause of lower respiratory disease in infants and young children. It frequently presents with bronchitis and bronchopneumonia and is further characterized by fever, cough, dyspnea, wheezing, and pallor.

A species of ARENAVIRUS, part of the Old World Arenaviruses (ARENAVIRUSES, OLD WORLD), and the etiologic agent of LASSA FEVER. LASSA VIRUS is a common infective agent in humans in West Africa. Its natural host is the multimammate mouse Mastomys natalensis.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Cis-acting DNA sequences which can increase transcription of genes. Enhancers can usually function in either orientation and at various distances from a promoter.

A species of ALPHAVIRUS causing an acute dengue-like fever.

Biologically active DNA which has been formed by the in vitro joining of segments of DNA from different sources. It includes the recombination joint or edge of a heteroduplex region where two recombining DNA molecules are connected.

The type species in the genus NOROVIRUS, first isolated in 1968 from the stools of school children in Norwalk, Ohio, who were suffering from GASTROENTERITIS. The virions are non-enveloped spherical particles containing a single protein. Multiple strains are named after the places where outbreaks have occurred.

An acute viral infection in humans involving the respiratory tract. It is marked by inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA; the PHARYNX; and conjunctiva, and by headache and severe, often generalized, myalgia.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

A collection of single-stranded RNA viruses scattered across the Bunyaviridae, Flaviviridae, and Togaviridae families whose common property is the ability to induce encephalitic conditions in infected hosts.

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

Biological properties, processes, and activities of VIRUSES.

The type species of SIMPLEXVIRUS causing most forms of non-genital herpes simplex in humans. Primary infection occurs mainly in infants and young children and then the virus becomes latent in the dorsal root ganglion. It then is periodically reactivated throughout life causing mostly benign conditions.

Infection with human herpesvirus 4 (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN); which may facilitate the development of various lymphoproliferative disorders. These include BURKITT LYMPHOMA (African type), INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS, and oral hairy leukoplakia (LEUKOPLAKIA, HAIRY).

DNA molecules capable of autonomous replication within a host cell and into which other DNA sequences can be inserted and thus amplified. Many are derived from PLASMIDS; BACTERIOPHAGES; or VIRUSES. They are used for transporting foreign genes into recipient cells. Genetic vectors possess a functional replicator site and contain GENETIC MARKERS to facilitate their selective recognition.

Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.

A genus of FLAVIVIRIDAE causing parenterally-transmitted HEPATITIS C which is associated with transfusions and drug abuse. Hepatitis C virus is the type species.

The type species of LYMPHOCRYPTOVIRUS, subfamily GAMMAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting B-cells in humans. It is thought to be the causative agent of INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS and is strongly associated with oral hairy leukoplakia (LEUKOPLAKIA, HAIRY;), BURKITT LYMPHOMA; and other malignancies.

Carbon-containing phosphonic acid compounds. Included under this heading are compounds that have carbon bound to either OXYGEN atom or the PHOSPHOROUS atom of the (P=O)O2 structure.

A subgroup of the genus FLAVIVIRUS that causes encephalitis and hemorrhagic fevers and is found in eastern and western Europe and the former Soviet Union. It is transmitted by TICKS and there is an associated milk-borne transmission from viremic cattle, goats, and sheep.

A species of RESPIROVIRUS frequently isolated from small children with pharyngitis, bronchitis, and pneumonia.

Agents that suppress immune function by one of several mechanisms of action. Classical cytotoxic immunosuppressants act by inhibiting DNA synthesis. Others may act through activation of T-CELLS or by inhibiting the activation of HELPER CELLS. While immunosuppression has been brought about in the past primarily to prevent rejection of transplanted organs, new applications involving mediation of the effects of INTERLEUKINS and other CYTOKINES are emerging.

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

Viral proteins that are components of the mature assembled VIRUS PARTICLES. They may include nucleocapsid core proteins (gag proteins), enzymes packaged within the virus particle (pol proteins), and membrane components (env proteins). These do not include the proteins encoded in the VIRAL GENOME that are produced in infected cells but which are not packaged in the mature virus particle,i.e. the so called non-structural proteins (VIRAL NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS).

A species of GAMMARETROVIRUS causing leukemia, lymphosarcoma, immune deficiency, or other degenerative diseases in cats. Several cellular oncogenes confer on FeLV the ability to induce sarcomas (see also SARCOMA VIRUSES, FELINE).

Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

The type species of APHTHOVIRUS, causing FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE in cloven-hoofed animals. Several different serotypes exist.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A sulfhydryl compound used to prevent urothelial toxicity by inactivating metabolites from ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, such as IFOSFAMIDE or CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE.

Specific hemagglutinin subtypes encoded by VIRUSES.

A species of ARTERIVIRUS causing reproductive and respiratory disease in pigs. The European strain is called Lelystad virus. Airborne transmission is common.

Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.

Any of the viruses that cause inflammation of the liver. They include both DNA and RNA viruses as well viruses from humans and animals.

An immune response with both cellular and humoral components, directed against an allogeneic transplant, whose tissue antigens are not compatible with those of the recipient.

Production of new arrangements of DNA by various mechanisms such as assortment and segregation, CROSSING OVER; GENE CONVERSION; GENETIC TRANSFORMATION; GENETIC CONJUGATION; GENETIC TRANSDUCTION; or mixed infection of viruses.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

The degree of pathogenicity within a group or species of microorganisms or viruses as indicated by case fatality rates and/or the ability of the organism to invade the tissues of the host. The pathogenic capacity of an organism is determined by its VIRULENCE FACTORS.

Proteins, glycoprotein, or lipoprotein moieties on surfaces of tumor cells that are usually identified by monoclonal antibodies. Many of these are of either embryonic or viral origin.

Defective viruses which can multiply only by association with a helper virus which complements the defective gene. Satellite viruses may be associated with certain plant viruses, animal viruses, or bacteriophages. They differ from satellite RNA; (RNA, SATELLITE) in that satellite viruses encode their own coat protein.

Tumor-selective, replication competent VIRUSES that have antineoplastic effects. This is achieved by producing cytotoxicity-enhancing proteins and/or eliciting an antitumor immune response. They are genetically engineered so that they can replicate in CANCER cells but not in normal cells, and are used in ONCOLYTIC VIROTHERAPY.

The type species of PARAPOXVIRUS which causes a skin infection in natural hosts, usually young sheep. Humans may contract local skin lesions by contact. The virus apparently persists in soil.

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

The sequential correspondence of nucleotides in one nucleic acid molecule with those of another nucleic acid molecule. Sequence homology is an indication of the genetic relatedness of different organisms and gene function.

A strain of PRIMATE T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 1 isolated from mature T4 cells in patients with T-lymphoproliferation malignancies. It causes adult T-cell leukemia (LEUKEMIA-LYMPHOMA, T-CELL, ACUTE, HTLV-I-ASSOCIATED), T-cell lymphoma (LYMPHOMA, T-CELL), and is involved in mycosis fungoides, SEZARY SYNDROME and tropical spastic paraparesis (PARAPARESIS, TROPICAL SPASTIC).

A group of viruses in the genus PESTIVIRUS, causing diarrhea, fever, oral ulcerations, hemorrhagic syndrome, and various necrotic lesions among cattle and other domestic animals. The two species (genotypes), BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 , exhibit antigenic and pathological differences. The historical designation, BVDV, consisted of both (then unrecognized) genotypes.

A positive-stranded RNA virus species in the genus HEPEVIRUS, causing enterically-transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis (HEPATITIS E).

A strain of Murine leukemia virus (LEUKEMIA VIRUS, MURINE) producing leukemia of the reticulum-cell type with massive infiltration of liver, spleen, and bone marrow. It infects DBA/2 and Swiss mice.

A nonapeptide messenger that is enzymatically produced from KALLIDIN in the blood where it is a potent but short-lived agent of arteriolar dilation and increased capillary permeability. Bradykinin is also released from MAST CELLS during asthma attacks, from gut walls as a gastrointestinal vasodilator, from damaged tissues as a pain signal, and may be a neurotransmitter.

The type species of BETARETROVIRUS commonly latent in mice. It causes mammary adenocarcinoma in a genetically susceptible strain of mice when the appropriate hormonal influences operate.

An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of alpha-2,3, alpha-2,6-, and alpha-2,8-glycosidic linkages (at a decreasing rate, respectively) of terminal sialic residues in oligosaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, colominic acid, and synthetic substrate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992)

Proteins found mainly in icosahedral DNA and RNA viruses. They consist of proteins directly associated with the nucleic acid inside the NUCLEOCAPSID.

Transplantation between individuals of the same species. Usually refers to genetically disparate individuals in contradistinction to isogeneic transplantation for genetically identical individuals.

A group of replication-defective viruses, in the genus GAMMARETROVIRUS, which are capable of transforming cells, but which replicate and produce tumors only in the presence of Murine leukemia viruses (LEUKEMIA VIRUS, MURINE).

Viruses whose hosts are in the domain ARCHAEA.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally, and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown.

A subtype of INFLUENZA A VIRUS comprised of the surface proteins hemagglutinin 7 and neuraminidase 7. The H7N7 subtype produced an epidemic in 2003 which was highly pathogenic among domestic birds (POULTRY). Some infections in humans were reported.

The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for VIRUS CULTIVATION and antitumor drug screening assays.

Removal and pathologic examination of specimens in the form of small pieces of tissue from the living body.

The type species of the genus AVIPOXVIRUS. It is the etiologic agent of FOWLPOX.

Serologic tests in which a known quantity of antigen is added to the serum prior to the addition of a red cell suspension. Reaction result is expressed as the smallest amount of antigen which causes complete inhibition of hemagglutination.

A method (first developed by E.M. Southern) for detection of DNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.

The type species of DELTARETROVIRUS that causes a form of bovine lymphosarcoma (ENZOOTIC BOVINE LEUKOSIS) or persistent lymphocytosis.

A family of small, non-enveloped DNA viruses infecting birds and most mammals, especially humans. They are grouped into multiple genera, but the viruses are highly host-species specific and tissue-restricted. They are commonly divided into hundreds of papillomavirus "types", each with specific gene function and gene control regions, despite sequence homology. Human papillomaviruses are found in the genera ALPHAPAPILLOMAVIRUS; BETAPAPILLOMAVIRUS; GAMMAPAPILLOMAVIRUS; and MUPAPILLOMAVIRUS.

Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

A sequence of successive nucleotide triplets that are read as CODONS specifying AMINO ACIDS and begin with an INITIATOR CODON and end with a stop codon (CODON, TERMINATOR).

Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.

A species of HENIPAVIRUS first identified in Australia in 1994 in HORSES and transmitted to humans. The natural host appears to be fruit bats (PTEROPUS).

The interactions between a host and a pathogen, usually resulting in disease.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

The type species of ARENAVIRUS, part of the Old World Arenaviruses (ARENAVIRUSES, OLD WORLD), producing a silent infection in house and laboratory mice. In humans, infection with LCMV can be inapparent, or can present with an influenza-like illness, a benign aseptic meningitis, or a severe meningoencephalomyelitis. The virus can also infect monkeys, dogs, field mice, guinea pigs, and hamsters, the latter an epidemiologically important host.

Nucleic acid sequences involved in regulating the expression of genes.

The type species of LENTIVIRUS and the etiologic agent of AIDS. It is characterized by its cytopathic effect and affinity for the T4-lymphocyte.

Experimentally induced new abnormal growth of TISSUES in animals to provide models for studying human neoplasms.

A species in the genus Bornavirus, family BORNAVIRIDAE, causing a rare and usually fatal encephalitic disease in horses and other domestic animals and possibly deer. Its name derives from the city in Saxony where the condition was first described in 1894, but the disease occurs in Europe, N. Africa, and the Near East.

A species in the ORTHOBUNYAVIRUS genus of the family BUNYAVIRIDAE. A large number of serotypes or strains exist in many parts of the world. They are transmitted by mosquitoes and infect humans in some areas.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

A phenomenon in which infection by a first virus results in resistance of cells or tissues to infection by a second, unrelated virus.

Family of RNA viruses that infects birds and mammals and encodes the enzyme reverse transcriptase. The family contains seven genera: DELTARETROVIRUS; LENTIVIRUS; RETROVIRUSES TYPE B, MAMMALIAN; ALPHARETROVIRUS; GAMMARETROVIRUS; RETROVIRUSES TYPE D; and SPUMAVIRUS. A key feature of retrovirus biology is the synthesis of a DNA copy of the genome which is integrated into cellular DNA. After integration it is sometimes not expressed but maintained in a latent state (PROVIRUSES).

Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2.

A species of MORBILLIVIRUS causing distemper in dogs, wolves, foxes, raccoons, and ferrets. Pinnipeds have also been known to contract Canine distemper virus from contact with domestic dogs.

Proteins coded by the retroviral gag gene. The products are usually synthesized as protein precursors or POLYPROTEINS, which are then cleaved by viral proteases to yield the final products. Many of the final products are associated with the nucleoprotein core of the virion. gag is short for group-specific antigen.

Proteins, usually glycoproteins, found in the viral envelopes of a variety of viruses. They promote cell membrane fusion and thereby may function in the uptake of the virus by cells.

A species of MORBILLIVIRUS causing cattle plague, a disease with high mortality. Sheep, goats, pigs, and other animals of the order Artiodactyla can also be infected.

A subtype of INFLUENZA A VIRUS with the surface proteins hemagglutinin 7 and neuraminidase 9. This avian origin virus was first identified in humans in 2013.

Sites on an antigen that interact with specific antibodies.

A defective virus, containing particles of RNA nucleoprotein in virion-like form, present in patients with acute hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis. It requires the presence of a hepadnavirus for full replication. This is the lone species in the genus Deltavirus.

The type species of VARICELLOVIRUS causing CHICKENPOX (varicella) and HERPES ZOSTER (shingles) in humans.

An enzyme that catalyses RNA-template-directed extension of the 3'- end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time, and can initiate a chain de novo. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p293)

Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.

A species of ORTHOPOXVIRUS causing an epidemic disease among captive primates.

The developmental entity of a fertilized chicken egg (ZYGOTE). The developmental process begins about 24 h before the egg is laid at the BLASTODISC, a small whitish spot on the surface of the EGG YOLK. After 21 days of incubation, the embryo is fully developed before hatching.

An enzyme that synthesizes DNA on an RNA template. It is encoded by the pol gene of retroviruses and by certain retrovirus-like elements. EC 2.7.7.49.

Warm-blooded VERTEBRATES possessing FEATHERS and belonging to the class Aves.

The lone species of the genus Asfivirus. It infects domestic and wild pigs, warthogs, and bushpigs. Disease is endemic in domestic swine in many African countries and Sardinia. Soft ticks of the genus Ornithodoros are also infected and act as vectors.

Live vaccines prepared from microorganisms which have undergone physical adaptation (e.g., by radiation or temperature conditioning) or serial passage in laboratory animal hosts or infected tissue/cell cultures, in order to produce avirulent mutant strains capable of inducing protective immunity.

A genus of the family PARAMYXOVIRIDAE (subfamily PARAMYXOVIRINAE) where all the virions have both HEMAGGLUTININ and NEURAMINIDASE activities and encode a non-structural C protein. SENDAI VIRUS is the type species.

A species in the group RETICULOENDOTHELIOSIS VIRUSES, AVIAN of the genus GAMMARETROVIRUS that causes a chronic neoplastic and a more acute immunosuppressive disease in fowl.

Sudden increase in the incidence of a disease. The concept includes EPIDEMICS and PANDEMICS.

A possible contributory role of BK virus infection in neuroblastoma development. (1/481)

The tumor suppressor protein p53 is aberrantly localized to the cytoplasm of neuroblastoma cells, compromising the suppressor function of this protein. Such tumors are experimentally induced in transgenic mice expressing the large tumor (T) antigen of polyomaviruses. The oncogenic mechanisms of T antigen include complex formation with, and inactivation of, the tumor suppressor protein p53. Samples from 18 human neuroblastomas and five normal human adrenal glands were examined. BK virus DNA was detected in all neuroblastomas and none of five normal adrenal glands by PCR. Using DNA in situ hybridization, polyomaviral DNA was found in the tumor cells of 17 of 18 neuroblastomas, but in none of five adrenal medullas. Expression of the large T antigen was detected in the tumor cells of 16 of 18 neuroblastomas, but in none of the five adrenal medullas. By double immunostaining BK virus T antigen and p53 was colocalized to the cytoplasm of the tumor cells. Immunoprecipitation revealed binding between the two proteins. The presence and expression of BK virus in neuroblastomas, but not in normal adrenal medulla, and colocalization and binding to p53, suggest that this virus may play a contributory role in the development of this neoplasm. (+info)

Concerted expression of BK virus large T- and small t-antigens strongly enhances oestrogen receptor-mediated transcription. (2/481)

Previous studies have shown that the human polyomavirus BK (BKV) genome contains an oestrogen response element (ERE). This isolated element binds its cognate receptor in vitro and can mediate 17beta-oestradiol-induced gene expression when linked to a heterologous promoter. The roles of the ERE- and the AP-1-binding sites in oestrogen receptor-directed transcription from the complete BKV promoter/enhancer (Dunlop strain) have been examined and the effects of the general co-activator CBP and large T- and small t-antigens on oestrogen receptor-mediated transcription have been investigated. A constitutive activated oestrogen receptor stimulated BKV promoter activity in HeLa cells. Mutations in either the ERE- or the AP-1-binding sites did not impair oestrogen receptor-induced activation of the BKV Dunlop promoter, while mutations in both binding motifs almost completely abolished oestrogen receptor-induced transcription. Simultaneous expression of large T- and small t-antigens strongly activated oestrogen receptor-mediated transcription. When expressed separately, only large T-antigen moderately stimulated oestrogen receptor-mediated transcription. The stimulatory effect of large T-antigen on the activity of the oestrogen receptor is probably indirect because no physical interaction between the two proteins was detected in a two-hybrid assay. Large T-antigen abrogated the synergistic effect on transcription between this nuclear receptor and the general co-activator CBP. The findings that the BKV early proteins amplify oestrogen receptor-mediated transcription may have important biological implications in individuals with raised oestrogen concentrations. (+info)

Morphological, histochemical, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural characterization of tumors and dysplastic and non-neoplastic lesions arising in BK virus/tat transgenic mice. (3/481)

To study the role in AIDS pathogenesis of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Tat protein, a transactivator of viral and cellular genes, we generated transgenic mice with a recombinant DNA containing BK virus (BKV) early region and the HIV-1 tat gene, directed by its own promoter-enhancer. DNA hybridization revealed that the transgene is stably maintained in all organs of transgenic mice as a tandem insertion in a number of copies ranging from 5 to 20 per cell. In addition, tat and BKV RNA were expressed in all tissues. Transgenic mice developed three types of lesions: 1) tumors, 2) hyperplastic and dysplastic lesions, and 3) non-neoplastic lesions. Tumors of different histotypes, such as lymphomas, adenocarcinomas of skin glands, leiomyosarcomas, skin squamous cell carcinomas, hepatomas, hepatocarcinomas, and cavernous liver hemangiomas, developed in 29% of transgenic animals. The majority of tumors were malignant, invasive, and producing metastases. Conversely, tumors of only two histotypes (lymphomas and adenocarcinomas of skin glands) appeared in control mice. Hyperplastic and dysplastic lesions were more frequent in transgenic than in control mice and involved the skin or its adnexes, the liver and the rectum, indicating multiple targets for the activity of the transgene. Pyelonephritis, frequently complicated with hydronephrosis, inflammatory eye lesions, and amyloid depositions represented the most frequent non-neoplastic lesions detected in transgenic mice. Many of the pathological findings observed in this animal model are comparable to similar lesions appearing in AIDS patients, suggesting a relevant role for Tat in the pathogenesis of such lesions during the course of AIDS. (+info)

BK and JC viruses in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: prevalent and persistent BK viruria, sequence stability of the viral regulatory regions, and nondetectable viremia. (4/481)

A role for polyomaviruses in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been suggested. BK virus (BKV) and JC virus (JCV) were demonstrated in single urine specimens from 7 (16%) of 44 and 5 (11%) of 44 patients with SLE and 0/88 and 18 (21%) of 88 matched healthy controls, respectively. During a 1-year follow-up study, episodes of polyomaviruria were detected in 16 (80%) of 20 patients, BKV in 13, and JCV in 3 patients. A group of 12 (60%) of 20 patients demonstrated persistent or recurrent polyomaviruria, BKV viruria (n=9), or JCV viruria (n=3) in 180 (70%) of 256 specimens. Polyomaviruria was not significantly associated with immunosuppressive therapy. The BKV and JCV isolates revealed predominantly stable archetypal regulatory regions over 3 years, indicating viral persistence rather than reinfection as a cause for urinary shedding. The demonstration of nondetectable viremia and stable archetypal BKV and JCV noncoding control regions during persistent viruria argue against the urinary tract as a focus for the creation of rearranged regulatory region variants. (+info)

JC and BK virus sequences are not detectable in leukaemic samples from children with common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. (5/481)

Epidemiological evidence suggests that childhood leukaemia, and possibly common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in particular, may have an infectious aetiology. Smith (1997 J Immunother 20: 89-100) recently suggested that the critical infectious event occurs during pregnancy, and identified the polyoma virus JC as a candidate agent. In the present study we investigated whether genomes from the JC virus, and closely related BK virus, could be detected in leukaemic cells. No positive results were obtained suggesting that JC virus is unlikely to play a direct role in leukaemogenesis. (+info)

Comparison of antibody titers determined by hemagglutination inhibition and enzyme immunoassay for JC virus and BK virus. (6/481)

A comparison of antibody titers to JC virus (JCV) or BK virus (BKV) was made by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) with 114 human plasma samples. Antibody titers to JCV or BKV determined by HI were lower than those determined by EIA. Nevertheless, as HI titers increased so did EIA titers. When antibody data were compared by the Spearman rank correlation test, highly significant correlations were found between HI and EIA titers. Results obtained by plotting EIA antibody titers for JCV against those for BKV generally showed a reciprocal relationship, i.e., samples with high antibody titers to JCV had lower antibody titers to BKV and vice versa. Some samples, however, had antibody titers to both viruses. Of the samples tested, 25.4% (25 of 114) had HI and EIA antibody titers to JCV and BKV which were identical or closely related. This is not the scenario one would expect for cross-reactive epitopes shared by the two viruses, but one suggesting that these samples were from individuals who had experienced infections by both viruses. Adsorption with concentrated JCV or BKV antigen of sera with high antibody titers to both JCV and BKV and testing by JCV and BKV EIA gave results which support this conclusion. Although 52.6% (51 of 97) of the samples from the Japanese population tested had very high antibody titers (>/=40,960) to either JCV or BKV, none of the samples were found by a dot blot immunoassay to have antibodies which cross-reacted with simian virus 40. The results from this study, in agreement with those of others, suggest that humans infected by JCV or BKV produce antibodies to species-specific epitopes on their VP1 capsid protein, which is associated with hemagglutination and cellular binding. (+info)

Polyomaviruria in renal transplant patients is not correlated to the cold ischemia period or to rejection episodes. (7/481)

Polyomaviruria was observed in one-third of all renal transplant patients, irrespective of whether their renal grafts came from a living or cadaver donor, and was not correlated to graft rejection episodes. This suggests that the renal graft ischemia period is not the major cause of polyomavirus reactivation and that reactivation of polyomavirus is not a dominant cause of graft rejection. (+info)

Documenting the epidemiologic patterns of polyomaviruses in human populations by studying their presence in urban sewage. (8/481)

This is the first description, to our knowledge, of the distribution of human polyomavirus and simian virus 40 (SV40) in urban sewage. Using a nested-PCR procedure, we report the detection of human polyomaviruses JC virus (JCV) and BK virus (BKV) but not SV40 in a high percentage of urban sewage samples obtained from widely divergent geographical areas in Europe and Africa. For a total of 28 samples analyzed, JCV was detected in 26, BKV was detected in 22, and none was positive for SV40. All geographical areas showed a high prevalence of these viruses with mean estimated values of JC viral particles per ml on the order of 10(3) in Barcelona (Spain) and Nancy (France) and 10(2) in Pretoria (South Africa) and Umea (Sweden) and mean values of BK viral particles on the order of 10(2) in Pretoria and Barcelona and 10(1) in Nancy and Umea. This compares with estimated mean values of 10(2) to 10(3) for human adenovirus that was evaluated as a control. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the amplified DNA from some of the samples is also presented and represents the sequence of the most abundant JC and BK viral strains in these samples. The nucleotide sequence of the JCV detected was also analyzed in a phylogenetic study and for genomic characterization in the regulatory region. This study has shown that human polyomaviruses are spread in high concentrations in the sewage of different geographical areas and are present in contaminated environments. The frequency and concentration of JCV detected in the environment and the absence of described animal hosts suggest that JCV may be useful as a marker for fecal pollution of anthropogenic origin. The results also support the idea previously described that the strains of JCV are closely related to the ethnic origin of the population studied. The procedure applied should also be useful in future studies of population patterns of viral excretion and as a tool in epidemiological studies for the detection of changes in the prevalence of specific viral pathogens. (+info)

The BK virus was first isolated in 1971 from the urine of a renal transplant patient, initials B.K. The BK virus is similar to ... The BK virus is a member of the polyomavirus family. Past infection with the BK virus is widespread, but significant ... Overview of the BK virus MicrobiologyBytes: Polyomaviruses Reploeg MD, Storch GA, Clifford DB (July 2001). "Bk virus: a ... BK virus is an abbreviation of the name of the first patient, from whom the virus was isolated in 1971 (the patient was then 29 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BK_virus

Human immunodeficiency virus, parvovirus B19 and BK virus are known to induce these antibodies. There is little evidence ... Reploeg MD, Storch GA, Clifford DB (July 2001). "Bk virus: a clinical review". Clin. Infect. Dis. 33 (2): 191-202. doi:10.1086/ ... Epstein-Barr virus is also known to induce dsDNA antibodies, as seen after immunisation of animals with EBNA-1 epitopes. Anti- ... These motifs can be key features within the pathogenesis of particular diseases, for example Human Papilloma Virus. Kavanaugh A ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-dsDNA_antibodies

JC virus & BK virus only cause disease in immunocompromised patients Was once thought to be due to a slow virus but is now ... A slow virus is a virus, or a viruslike agent, etiologically associated with a slow virus disease. A slow virus disease is a ... as in the cases of JC virus and BK virus), or, in the case of prions, the identity of the agent involved. Slow viruses cause a ... Pinto M, Dobson S (January 2014). "BK and JC virus: a review". The Journal of Infection. 68 (Suppl 1): S2-S8. doi:10.1016/j. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slow_virus

... most notably BK virus, JC virus, and SV40. It is essential for proliferation in the viruses that express it and is thought to ... Most of these viruses are very common and typically asymptomatic in most human populations studied. BK virus is associated with ... Kuppachi S, Kaur D, Holanda DG, Thomas CP (April 2016). "BK polyoma virus infection and renal disease in non-renal solid organ ... Kelley WL, Georgopoulos C (April 1997). "The T/t common exon of simian virus 40, JC, and BK polyomavirus T antigens can ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyomaviridae

In December 2021, Cellevolve announced it is launching a clinical trial for the treatment of PML utilizing BK virus specific T- ... 2018-10-11). "Allogeneic BK Virus-Specific T Cells for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy". New England Journal of ... It is caused by the JC virus, which is normally present and kept under control by the immune system. The JC virus is harmless ... The virus causes disease only when the immune system has been severely weakened.[citation needed] PML is most common in people ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_multifocal_leukoencephalopathy

Virus latency Herpesviridae BK virus Low-dose naltrexone "IMMUNODEFICIENCY 32B; IMD32B". OMIM. OMIM.org. Retrieved 19 March ... Transmission of this virus through the air or blood does not normally occur. The incubation period, or the time from infection ... Periodically, the virus can reactivate and is commonly found in the saliva of infected persons. Reactivated and post-latent ... A late event in a very few carriers of this virus is the emergence of Burkitt's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, two rare ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epstein–Barr_virus_infection

Purighalla, R; Shapiro, R; McCauley, J; Randhawa, P (1995). "BK virus infection in a kidney allograft diagnosed by needle ... Van Aalderen, MC; Heutinck, KM; Huisman, C; Ten Berge, IJ (2012). "BK virus infection in transplant recipients: Clinical ... Moriyama, Takahito; Sorokin, Andrey (2008). "Repression of BK Virus Infection of Human Renal Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells ... Several viruses mediated the emergence of decoy cells, amongst which cytomegalovirus and polyomavirus. Decoy cells are virus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decoy_cells

Simian virus (SV) 40 has been linked in studies to the development of choroid plexus tumors (CPTs). The BK and JC viruses have ... Okamoto H, Mineta T, Ueda S, Nakahara Y, Shiraishi T, Tamiya T, Tabuchi K. Detection of JC virus DNA sequences in brain tumors ... Expression of the simian virus 40 large tumor antigen (Tag) and formation of Tag-p53 and Tag-pRb complexes in human brain ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choroid_plexus_papilloma

... shows anti-BK virus activity in a subgroup of transplant recipients. Cidofovir is being investigated as a ... "Intermediate-dose cidofovir without probenecid in the treatment of BK virus allograft nephropathy". Pediatric Transplantation. ... It has inhibitory effects on varicella-zoster virus replication in vitro although no clinical trials have been done to date, ... Magee WC, Hostetler KY, Evans DH (August 2005). "Mechanism of inhibition of vaccinia virus DNA polymerase by cidofovir ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cidofovir

BK virus is now being increasingly recognised as a transplant risk factor which may lead to kidney disease or transplant ... Updated: 5 December 2008 Chong S, Antoni M, Macdonald A, Reeves M, Harber M, Magee CN (July 2019). "BK virus: Current ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney_transplantation

Throughout his career, Major has conducted research on viruses including BK virus, adenoviruses, JC virus, simian virus 40 ( ... Olive, DM; Lampert, M; Major, EO (1980). "Comparison of wild-type BK virus DNA and BK virion DNA rescued from virus-transformed ... Major, E. O.; Di Mayorca, G. (1973). "Malignant Transformation of BHK21 Clone 13 Cells by BK Virus-A Human Papovavirus". ... where he researched papovaviruses such as BK virus with Giampiero Di Mayorca. (The papovaviruses have since been split into two ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_O._Major

BK virus or Simian virus. The Ebola virus may also be found in urine from an infected person. The exact survival time of this ... Vanchiere, John A. (12 January 2005). "Detection of BK virus and simian virus 40 in the urine of healthy children". Journal of ... "Ebola (Ebola Virus Disease)Transmission, Q&As on Transmission". CDC (Centres for Disease Control and Prevention). 20 November ... particular virus in human urine outside of the human body is unclear but probably "up to several days" like with other body ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urine-diverting_dry_toilet

Another virus, BK polyomavirus has been detected in the same tissues, but with lesser extent. According to the 2006 WHO ... Tagliapietra A, Rotondo JC, Bononi I, Mazzoni E, Magagnoli F, Maritati M (2019). "Footprints of BK and JC polyomaviruses in ... Tagliapietra A, Rotondo JC, Bononi I, Mazzoni E, Magagnoli F, Maritati M (2019). "Footprints of BK and JC polyomaviruses in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Products_of_conception

It furthermore enables detection for CMV-, EBV-, influenza-, and BK virus specific CD8+ T cells. Dextramer CMV kit - These MHC ... Virus Dextramer collection 1 - provides reagents for detection, quantification and isolation of virus specific T cells. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immudex

Another virus, BK polyomavirus has been detected in the same tissues, but with lesser extent. In reptiles, birds, and ... Tagliapietra A, Rotondo JC, Bononi I, Mazzoni E, Magagnoli F, Maritati M (2019). "Footprints of BK and JC polyomaviruses in ... Tagliapietra A, Rotondo JC, Bononi I, Mazzoni E, Magagnoli F, Maritati M (2019). "Footprints of BK and JC polyomaviruses in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chorion

Teriflunomide also has antiviral effects against numerous viruses including CMV, HSV1 and the BK virus, which it achieves by ... Polyoma BK virus nephropathy Kimura's disease Systemic lupus erythematosus Felty's syndrome Takayasu arteritis Granulomatosis ... Blanckaert K, De Vriese AS (December 2006). "Current recommendations for diagnosis and management of polyoma BK virus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leflunomide

... including two human viruses - BK virus and JC virus - and the simian virus SV40; the BK, JC, and SV40 examples are by far the ... BK virus and JC virus, as well as the simian polyomavirus SV40. Agnoprotein is typically quite short: examples from BK virus, ... Among sequenced BK virus genomes, agnoprotein is the most variable viral protein in amino acid sequence. Differences in tissue ... Its functions are poorly characterized even in well-studied viruses. Null mutant viruses without agnoprotein are generally ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnoprotein

Quinn, PJ; Markey, BK; Leonard, FC; Fitzpatrick, ES; Fanning, S (2015). "Chicken anaemia virus infection". Concise Review of ... Chicken anemia virus, or CAV, is currently a member of the Anelloviridae family which is found worldwide. The virus only ... The virus is very resistant in the environment, making elimination very difficult. The disease and virus have many names ... chicken infectious anemia virus, and chicken anemia agent.[citation needed] When this virus was first discovered in 1979, it ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicken_anemia_virus

PMID 28710447.> Colson, P; De Lamballerie, X; Yutin, N; Asgari, S; Bigot, Y; Bideshi, BK; Cheng, XW; Federici, BA; Van Etten, ... Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the virus is a nucleocytoplasmic large DNA virus (NCLD virus). Acanthamoeba polyphaga ... Resolution of the virus structure by cryo-electron microscopy yielded an icosahedral virus capsid with a T number of 499 and a ... "A virus so large it gets viruses". Ars Technica. Retrieved 2010-03-05. Fischer, M. G.; Suttle, C. A. (2011). "A Virophage at ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cafeteria_roenbergensis_virus

Blevins, T.; Rajeswaran, R.; Aregger, M.; Borah, BK.; Schepetilnikov, M.; Baerlocher, L.; Farinelli, L.; Meins, F.; et al. (Jul ... 1999). "Virus taxonomy--1999. The universal system of virus taxonomy, updated to include the new proposals ratified by the ... Adv Virus Res. Advances in Virus Research. Vol. 44. pp. 1-67. doi:10.1016/s0065-3527(08)60327-9. ISBN 9780120398447. PMID ... The complete molecular characterization and study of this virus was not carried further. Cauliflower mosaic virus possesses a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauliflower_mosaic_virus

Virus at AllMusic. Retrieved 26 March 2021. "Hypocrisy - Virus". BW&BK. 12 October 2005. "Austriancharts.at - Hypocrisy - Virus ... Virus is the tenth studio album by Swedish melodic death metal band Hypocrisy. It was released on 19 September 2005 by Nuclear ... "Swedishcharts.com - Hypocrisy - Virus". Hung Medien. Retrieved 26 March 2021. Official website (Use dmy dates from September ... "Offiziellecharts.de - Hypocrisy - Virus" (in German). GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved 26 March 2021. " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus_(Hypocrisy_album)

BK virus, poxviruses, and herpes simplex viruses. Brincidofovir appears to have potential for the treatment of Ebola virus ... as ebolaviruses are RNA viruses and thus do not contain DNA as the above-mentioned viruses. "FDA approves drug to treat ... the effectiveness of brincidofovir was studied in animals infected with viruses that are closely related to the variola virus. ... Portals: Medicine Viruses (Source attribution, Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brincidofovir

BK; Strong, JE; Grolla, A; Wolz, A; Kargbo, B; Kargbo, DK; Formenty, P; Sanders, DA; Kobinger, GP (19 February 2015). " ... Ebola virus disease is caused by four of six viruses classified in the genus Ebolavirus. Of the four disease-causing viruses, ... Ebola virus (formerly and often still called the Zaire Ebola virus) is dangerous and is the virus responsible for the epidemic ... These people may be the people who can spread the virus better, but we still don't know that yet. A virus can change itself to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_African_Ebola_virus_epidemic

Immunosuppression BK virus Behcet's Disease Discovery and development of mTOR inhibitors Treatment methods for preventing organ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunosuppressive_drug

"BK Virus, JC Virus and Simian Virus 40 Infection in Humans, and Association with Human Tumors". Polyomaviruses and Human ... The virus causing this illness was isolated in 1937. The rash typical of Lyme borreliosis was identified the early 1900s. ... Natelson, BH; Ye, N; Moul, DE; Jenkins, FJ; Oren, DA; Tapp, WN; Cheng, YC (1994). "High titers of anti-Epstein-Barr virus DNA ... Atkinson, RL (2007). "Viruses as an etiology of obesity". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 82 (10): 1192-8. doi:10.4065/82.10.1192. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infections_associated_with_diseases

Biswal BK, Wang M, Cherney MM, et al. (August 2006). "Non-nucleoside inhibitors binding to hepatitis C virus NS5B polymerase ... The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a small (55-65 nm in size), enveloped, positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus of the family ... Several additional viruses in the genus have been described in bats and rodents. The hepatitis C virus particle consists of a ... Hepatitis C virus is predominantly a blood-borne virus, with very low risk of sexual or vertical transmission. Because of this ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_C_virus

Lee TS, Radak BK, Harris ME, York DM (2016). "A Two-Metal-Ion-Mediated Conformational Switching Pathway for HDV Ribozyme ... The hepatitis delta virus (HDV) ribozyme is a non-coding RNA found in the hepatitis delta virus that is necessary for viral ... In addition to the sense (genomic version), all HDV viruses also have an antigenomic version of the HDV ribozyme. This version ... Page for Hepatitis delta virus ribozyme at Rfam Subviral RNA database entry for HDV ribozyme (Articles to be expanded from May ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_delta_virus_ribozyme

BK virus and JC virus, among others. Founded in 1983, IBT was the first laboratory to offer a test to definitively diagnose ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viracor-IBT_Laboratories

Marshall ID, Brown BK, Keith K, Gard GP, Thibos E (1982). "Variation in arbovirus infection rates in species of birds sampled ... Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV) is a zoonotic flavivirus endemic to northern Australia and Papua New Guinea. It is the ... The virus was isolated from human samples in 1951 during an epidemic in the Murray Valley, Australia. Epidemics usually occur ... "Murray Valley encephalitis virus infection-Fact Sheet". Department of Health and Ageing. Archived from the original on 18 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murray_Valley_encephalitis_virus

Sumibcay L, Kadjo B, Gu SH, Kang HJ, Lim BK, Cook JA, et al. (January 2012). "Divergent lineage of a novel hantavirus in the ... Nova virus is a single-stranded, negative-sense, enveloped RNA virus with a trisegmented genome. It is one of the most ... In 2009, Nova virus was first isolated from the archival liver tissue of the European mole (Talpa europaea) captured in Hungary ... Neither one of them, including the Nova virus, has yet been connected to a disease in humans. Considering the fact that the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_virus

... thin viruses that infect bacteria) by fusing the virus's capsid protein to one peptide out of a collection of peptide sequences ... Kehoe JW, Kay BK (November 2005). "Filamentous phage display in the new millennium". Chem. Rev. 105 (11): 4056-72. doi:10.1021/ ... viruses that infect bacteria) to connect proteins with the genetic information that encodes them. In this technique, a gene ... "In vitro evolution of a neutralizing human antibody to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 to enhance affinity and broaden ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phage_display

When CIN3 lesions lead to cancer, most of them have the assistance of the HPV virus, but that is not always the case, which is ... Singh GK, Miller BA, Hankey BF, Edwards BK (September 2004). "Persistent area socioeconomic disparities in U.S. incidence of ... HPV vaccines protect against two to seven high-risk strains of this family of viruses and may prevent up to 90% of cervical ... 1958). During the 1960s and 1970s it was suspected that infection with herpes simplex virus was the cause of the disease. In ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer

Kim HK, Park SJ, Nguyen VG, Song DS, Moon HJ, Kang BK, Park BK (2011) Identification of a novel single stranded circular DNA ... This virus appears to form a clade with the chimpanzee stool associated circular virus. Their relationship with other viruses ... Single-stranded DNA viruses, Unaccepted virus taxa, All stub articles, Virus stubs). ... Bovine stool associated circular virus is a single stranded DNA virus with a circular genome that was isolated from bovine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bovine_stool_associated_circular_virus

Klein BK, Feng Y, McWherter CA, Hood WF, Paik K, McKearn JP (1997). "The receptor binding site of human interleukin-3 defined ... Than S, Oyaizu N, Pahwa RN, Kalyanaraman VS, Pahwa S (1994). "Effect of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 envelope ... Feng Y, Klein BK, McWherter CA (1996). "Three-dimensional solution structure and backbone dynamics of a variant of human ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_3

It is believed to be caused by mismatch between the rootstock and scion rather than an infection by a fungus or a virus. In ... doi:10.1021/bk-2002-0802.ch018. ISBN 978-0-8412-3729-2. Oz Clark&Margaret Rand (2001). Oz Clarke's Encyclopedia of Grapes. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrah

J Infect Dis 180 (6):2039-43, Chakraborty H, Sen PK, Helms RW, Vernazza PL, Fiscus SA, Eron JJ, Patterson BK, Coombs RW, ... Strategic use' of HIV medicines could help end transmission of virus". Archived from the original on 23 July 2012. Retrieved 16 ... Cohen began studying the effect of this and later drugs on the amount of virus in genital secretions. This led to the idea that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myron_S._Cohen

Bruunsgaard H, Pedersen AN, Schroll M, Skinhøj P, Pedersen BK (December 2001). "Decreased natural killer cell activity is ... can be envisaged as the result of the continuous challenge of the unavoidable exposure to a variety of antigens such as viruses ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunosenescence

Vasek MJ, Garber C, Dorsey D, Durrant DM, Bollman B, Soung A, Yu J, Perez-Torres C, Frouin A, Wilton DK, Funk K, DeMasters BK, ... Virus entry and replication in the brain precedes blood-brain barrier disruption during intranasal alphavirus infection. Cain ... Neuronal CXCL10 directs CD8+ T-cell recruitment and control of West Nile virus encephalitis. Klein RS, Lin E, Zhang B, Luster ... For example, since West Nile Virus has been shown to cause significant brain damage leading to memory loss, Klein's lab ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robyn_S._Klein

Patel BK, Liebman SW (2007). ""Prion-proof" for [PIN+]: infection with in vitro-made amyloid aggregates of Rnq1p-(132-405) ... The original paper that proposed Mca1 is a prion was retracted ] Fungi portal Viruses portal Prion Sup35p Epigenetics Amyloid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungal_prion

Infection by RNA viruses can trigger the RNAi cascade. It is likely dicer is involved in viral immunity as viruses that infect ... Ambati BK, Ogura Y, Yoo JW, Lee DK, Provost P, Hinton DR, Núñez G, Baffi JZ, Kleinman ME, Ambati J (May 2012). "DICER1 loss and ... Similarly to humans, insect viruses have evolved mechanisms to avoid the RNAi pathway. As an example, Drosophila C virus ... In humans, the viruses HIV-1, influenza, and vaccinia encode such RNAi suppressing proteins. Inhibition of dicer is beneficial ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dicer

... the Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 from 2004, the Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa and onwards. Mary Putnam Jacobi (1842- ... p. Bk XI:804-48. Risse GB (1990). Mending bodies, saving souls: a history of hospitals. Oxford University Press. p. 56. ISBN ... several strains of influenza and human papilloma virus. The long-known vaccine against Smallpox finally eradicated the disease ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_medicine

About 60,000 were BK-0010s, as part of the KUVT-86 computer-facility systems. Although Soviet hardware copies lagged somewhat ... August 1988 - The Soviet Union's first computer virus, known as DOS-62, is detected in the Institute of Program Systems of the ... The Vector could display up to 256 colors when the BK-0010 had only four hard-coded colors, without palettes. In 1987, it was ... That year, the Elektronika BK-0010 was the first Soviet personal computer in common use in schools and as a consumer product. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_computing_in_the_Soviet_Union

"Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus Rev and human T-cell leukemia virus Rex function, but not Mason-Pfizer monkey virus ... Zolotukhin AS, Felber BK (Jan 1999). "Nucleoporins nup98 and nup214 participate in nuclear export of human immunodeficiency ... "A role for nucleoporin FG repeat domains in export of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Rev protein and RNA from the nucleus ... virus type 1 Rev". Journal of Virology. 73 (1): 120-7. doi:10.1128/JVI.73.1.120-127.1999. PMC 103815. PMID 9847314. Schmitt C, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleoporin_214

This is most commonly caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV, also known as human pneumovirus). Other agents that cause ... 1.74 MB) from the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network Ralston, SL; Lieberthal, AS; Meissner, HC; Alverson, BK; Baley, ... Acute bronchiolitis is usually the result of infection by respiratory syncytial virus (72% of cases) or human rhinovirus (26% ... Carbonell-Estrany X, Figueras-Aloy J (2004). "Identifying risk factors for severe respiratory syncytial virus among infants ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchiolitis

Sederdahl BK, Williams JV (13 January 2020). "Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of Influenza C Virus". Viruses. 12 (1 ... that contain weakened viruses. There are three types of inactivated vaccines: whole virus, split virus, in which the virus is ... Influenza B virus (IBV) and Influenza C virus (ICV) primarily infect humans, and Influenza D virus (IDV) is found in cattle and ... Notable HPAI viruses include HPAI H5N1 and HPAI H7N9. HPAI viruses have been a major disease burden in the 21st century, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza

Cole BK, Lieb DC, Dobrian AD, Nadler JL (Jul 2013). "12- and 15-lipoxygenases in adipose tissue inflammation". Prostaglandins ... "The specialized proresolving mediator 17-HDHA enhances the antibody-mediated immune response against influenza virus: a new ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALOX15

BK virus Epstein-Barr virus infection Glomerulosclerosis--WebMD (Articles with short description, Short description is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glomerulosclerosis

Tan S, Evans RR, Dahmer ML, Singh BK, Shaner DL (March 2005). "Imidazolinone-tolerant crops: history, current status and future ... In 2007, South African researchers announced the production of transgenic maize resistant to maize streak virus (MSV), although ... Marra MC, Piggott NE, Goodwin BK (2012). "The impact of corn rootworm protected biotechnology traits in the United States". ... November 2007). "Maize streak virus-resistant transgenic maize: a first for Africa". Plant Biotechnology Journal. 5 (6): 759-67 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetically_modified_maize

Waters LS, Minesinger BK, Wiltrout ME, D'Souza S, Woodruff RV, Walker GC (March 2009). "Eukaryotic translesion polymerases and ... Roulston A, Marcellus RC, Branton PE (1999). "Viruses and apoptosis". Annual Review of Microbiology. 53: 577-628. doi:10.1146/ ... viruses which infect bacteria); however, more complex organisms with more complex genomes have correspondingly more complex ... especially aromatic compounds that act as DNA intercalating agents viruses The replication of damaged DNA before cell division ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_repair

Vesicular stomatitis virus is believed to be taken up by the autophagosome from the cytosol and translocated to the endosomes ... Arndt V, Dick N, Tawo R, Dreiseidler M, Wenzel D, Hesse M, Fürst DO, Saftig P, Saint R, Fleischmann BK, Hoch M, Höhfeld J ( ... A subset of viruses and bacteria subvert the autophagic pathway to promote their own replication. Galectin-8 has recently been ... "Subversion of cellular autophagosomal machinery by RNA viruses". PLOS Biology. 3 (5): e156. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030156. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autophagy

B-K mole, Clark's nevus, dysplastic melanocytic nevus, nevus with architectural disorder) Dysplastic nevus syndrome (B-K mole ... Viscerotropic leishmaniasis Wheat warehouse itch Virus-related cutaneous conditions are caused by two main groups of viruses- ... Alphavirus infection Asymmetric periflexural exanthem of childhood (unilateral laterothoracic exanthem) B virus infection ... viruses, or parasites. Bacterium-related cutaneous conditions often have distinct morphologic characteristics that may be an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_skin_conditions

Huang ZM, Tan T, Yoshida H, Mori K, Ma Y, Yen TS (September 2005). "Activation of hepatitis B virus S promoter by a cell type- ... Cross BC, Bond PJ, Sadowski PG, Jha BK, Zak J, Goodman JM, et al. (April 2012). "The molecular basis for selective inhibition ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ERN1

Many bacteria and viruses elicit a TH1-mediated immune response, which down-regulates TH2 responses. The first proposed ... Panda R, Ariyarathna H, Amnuaycheewa P, Tetteh A, Pramod SN, Taylor SL, Ballmer-Weber BK, Goodman RE (February 2013). " ... "Exposure to foodborne and orofecal microbes versus airborne viruses in relation to atopy and allergic asthma: epidemiological ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allergy

BK, Binukumar; Bal, Amanjit; Kandimalla, Ramesh JL; Gill, Kiran Dip (2010-11-13). "Nigrostriatal neuronal death following ... "Zika Virus". 2014-11-05. Retrieved 2016-09-07. "Naled for Mosquito Control". Environmental Protection Agency. 2016-07-05. " ... Control and Prevention and United States Environmental Protection Agency for the prevention of the spread of the Zika virus in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naled

Cases associated with chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection commonly progress to a more serious Epstein-Barr virus- ... Singh S, Mann BK (2013). "Insect bite reactions". Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology. 79 (2): 151-64 ... Individuals with certain Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative, non-Epstein-Barr virus malignant lymphoid, or other ... Upon reactivation, the virus expresses certain of its gene products, particularly that of its LMP-1 oncogene, as well as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosquito_bite_allergy

Velayati A, DePaolo J, Gupta N, Choi JH, Moaven N, Westbroek W, Goker-Alpan O, Goldin E, Stubblefield BK, Kolodny E, Tayebi N, ... SCARB2 is a receptor for two viruses that cause hand, foot, and mouth disease in children, Enterovirus 71 and Coxsackievirus ... "Scavenger receptor BI and BII expression levels modulate hepatitis C virus infectivity". Journal of Virology. 81 (7): 3162-9. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCARB2

Brandt C, Pedersen BK (2010). "The role of exercise-induced myokines in muscle homeostasis and the defense against chronic ... this highly contagious virus normally causes a milder illness called Hand, foot, and mouth disease but can cause life- ... Pedersen BK (July 2013). "Muscle as a secretory organ". Comprehensive Physiology. Vol. 3. pp. 1337-62. doi:10.1002/cphy.c120033 ... Petersen AM, Pedersen BK (April 2005). "The anti-inflammatory effect of exercise". Journal of Applied Physiology. 98 (4): 1154- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_6

"Tilapia lake virus, Peru". www.oie.int. Retrieved 2019-03-12. Behera BK, Pradhan PK, Swaminathan TR, Sood N, Paria P, Das A, ... Foster JE, Mendoza JA, Seetahal J (2018). "Chapter 7 - Viruses as Pathogens: Animal Viruses, With Emphasis on Human Viruses". ... Tilapia lake virus is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. It belongs to Group V of the Baltimore Classification System ... "Tilapia lake virus (TiLV)-a novel orthomyxo-like virus" (PDF). World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE). February 2018. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilapia_tilapinevirus

Wayne Rooney, who had been expected to play, was not in the squad, having been sidelined by a virus and Dimitar Berbatov was ... Wayne Rooney declared himself fit after having picked up a knock against Aalborg BK in midweek, and was the orchestrator of ... Dimitar Berbatov was unable to fully recover from his virus, but was named on the bench for United, while Wayne Rooney was ... United got their first win of the Champions League season on 30 September 2008, when they visited Aalborg BK. The Red Devils ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008–09_Manchester_United_F.C._season

Hints: Click on a [map] link to show a map of that region. Click on a [studies] link to search within your current results for studies in that region. Use the back button to return to this list and try another region. Studies with no locations are not included in the counts or on the map. Studies with multiple locations are included in each region containing locations ...

https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results/map?cond=bk-virus+nephropathy

JavaScript is disabled for your browser. Some features of this site may not work without it ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/browse?authority=BK+Virus&type=mesh

BK virus-specific T-cell infusions have been shown to clear JC virus in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and relieve clinical ... each patients CSF was examined before each infusion of BK virus-specific T-cell infusion to measure JC viral load. BK virus- ... In this study, BK virus-specific T cells have shown to be effective in treating these patients and decreasing JC virus loads. ... The JC virus comes from the Polyomaviridae family, a virus family with similar antigens and genetic immunogenicity as the BK ...

https://www.ajmc.com/view/bk-virusspecific-t-cells-may-be-an-effective-option-to-treat-progressive-multifocal-leukoencephalopathy

Olson A, Lin R, Marin D, Rafei H, Bdaiwi MH, Thall PF, Basar R, Abudayyeh A, Banerjee P, Aung FM, et al. Third-Party BK Virus- ... Third-Party BK Virus-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Therapy for Hemorrhagic Cystitis Following Allotransplantation.. ...

https://www.stembook.org/node/40167

Infliximab Induction Lacks Efficacy and Increases BK Virus Infection in Deceased Donor Kidney Transplant Recipients. Donald ... Because the intervention unexpectedly increased rates of BK virus infections, our findings underscore the complexities of ... Infliximab Induction Lacks Efficacy and Increases BK Virus Infection in Deceased Donor Kidney Transplant Recipients ... Infliximab Induction Lacks Efficacy and Increases BK Virus Infection in Deceased Donor Kidney Transplant Recipients ...

https://jasn.asnjournals.org/content/early/2022/10/04/ASN.2022040454

Roche receives FDA clearance for BK virus quantitative test on cobas 6800/8800 Systems to support better care for transplant ... Epstein-Barr virus and BK virus so they can simultaneously monitor and improve care for transplant patients who are at risk for ... enabling simultaneous testing of BK virus with Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus ... Immunocompromised transplant patients are at risk of major complications when infected with BK virus ...

https://diagnostics.roche.com/global/en/news-listing/2020/roche-receives-fda-clearance-for-bk-virus-quantitative-test-on-c.html

... Role of infectious agents in the carcinogenesis of brain and head and neck cancers. October 10, 2013. 34 ... Tagged: bk epstein-barr-virus, brain cancer, carcinogenesis, central-nervous-system, cytomegalovirus, cytomegalovirus-infection ... epstein-barr-virus, head and neck cancer, hiv, human papilloma virus, human polyomavirus, kaposis-sarcoma lung-cancer, ... In the case of brain cancer, no infection has been accepted as directly oncogenic, although a number of viruses and parasites ...

http://darwin.natur.cuni.cz/toxoArticles/wordpress/index.php/tag/bk-epstein-barr-virus/

BK viral load, BK virus by PCR, BK virus DNA quant, BKV by PCR, BKV DNA quant, BKV viral load ... BK viral load, BK virus by PCR, BK virus DNA quant, BKV by PCR, BKV DNA quant, BKV viral load ... ON AVERAGE, QUANTITATIVE BK VIRUS (BKV) DNA RESULTS IN URINE TESTED WITH THIS ASSAY CAN BE UP TO 3.5-FOLD (ABOUT 0.54 LOG IU/ML ... ON AVERAGE, QUANTITATIVE BK VIRUS (BKV) DNA RESULTS IN URINE TESTED WITH THIS ASSAY CAN BE UP TO 3.5-FOLD (ABOUT 0.54 LOG IU/ML ...

https://www.marshfieldlabs.org/sites/ltrm/Human/Pages/26489.aspx

Polyomavirus Virus (Quantitative) online and avail upto 40% discount with the top Labs in Pakistan through Healthwire anywhere ...

https://healthwire.pk/lab-tests/bk-polyomavirus-virus-quantitative

BK Polyomavirus Virus PCR. *Test Name: BK Polyomavirus Virus. *Laboratory: Serology External ...

https://www.hse.ie/eng/services/list/3/acutehospitals/hospitals/waterford/laboratoryservices/b-tests.html

BK virus nephropathy (BKVN) is the major cause of transplant renal dysfunction. However, a specific antiviral agent to treat it ... Use of Leflunomide as an Antiviral Agent with Everolimus for BK Virus Nephropathy Patients After Kidney Transplantation: A Case ...

https://amjcaserep.com/reprintOrder/index/idArt/927367

When the virus is released in the atmosphere by a symptomatic, or even an asymptomatic, infected individual, the heavier virus ... may inhale the virus and get infected.. When the sun is shining brightly, the virus in the atmosphere will be eliminated ... novel corona virus, or novel Crown Virus, best describes its preordained function and purpose!. It has also to be ... and breathe in the virus and get infected - assuming that the virus may persist in the atmosphere even for only a few minutes, ...

https://www.bk-pbk.in/viewtopic.php?p=55908

BK virus nephropathy. Immunoaffinity chromatography. None. 36 miR-21, miR-29a, and miR-590-3p. Urinary exosomes. Intrahepatic ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/989595

Simian virus , BK virus , JC virus , Merkell cell Polyomavirus ... DC.IARC SERIALS Malaria and some Polyomaviruses (SV40, BK, JC, ... Malaria and some Polyomaviruses (SV40, BK, JC, and Merkel cell viruses) Contributor(s): International Agency for Research on ... Details for: Malaria and some Polyomaviruses (SV40, BK, JC, and Merkel cell viruses) ... and Merkel cell viruses) DC.IARC SERIALS Diesel and gasoline engine exhausts and some nitroarenes DC.IARC SERIALS ...

https://kohahq.searo.who.int/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=33952&shelfbrowse_itemnumber=59104

BK Virus [‎1]‎. Blast Injuries [‎43]‎. Bleeding Time [‎1]‎. Bleomycin [‎1]‎. Blindness [‎468]‎. ...

https://apps.who.int:80/iris/browse?rpp=20&offset=660&etal=-1&sort_by=-1&type=mesh&starts_with_previous=C&order=ASC

BK viraemia was detected in 8.7 % of patients with BK viruria up to 4 years after LT. BKV-specific antibodies were detected in ... There was no correlation between renal impairment and the detection of BK DNA in urine (OR 0.983). TTV DNA was detected in 84.6 ... BK viruria was detected up to 21 years after transplantation in 16.9 % of cases. ... Torque teno virus (TTV) is a surrogate marker for immunosuppression that does not have a clear association with any human ...

https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.000823

Induction of malignant subcutaneous sarcomas in hamsters by a recombinant DNA containing BK virus early region and the ... containing BK virus (BKV) early region gene and the activated human c-Harvey-ras(c-Ha-ras) oncogene derived from T24 bladder ... containing BK virus (BKV) early region gene and the activated human c-Harvey-ras(c-Ha-ras) oncogene derived from T24 bladder ...

https://iris.unife.it/handle/11392/461001

BK virus. BK virus can affect how your kidney works and cause your transplanted kidney to fail. ▪. Hepatitis B and C viruses. ... Hepatitis viruses can affect how your liver works. Talk to your doctor about how hepatitis viruses may affect you.. •. A brain ... PVAN, especially due to BK virus infection, is associated with serious outcomes, including deteriorating renal function and ... Polyomavirus associated nephropathy (PVAN), especially due to BK virus infection, associated with serious outcomes, including ...

https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=1da187b6-2664-4bef-8c3e-c66980bd6a33

What antiviral agents could be used for the treatment of JC & BK polyoma virus induced nephropathy in renal transplant patients ... ITP also occurs wit influenza virus vaccine which do not use vector ... at a speed intended to keep ahead of the mutability of the virus reducing and the possibility of more virulent and ...

https://www.researchgate.net/topic/Renal-Disease

Later onset is associated with infections such as adenovirus or BK virus. [58] Therapy is largely supportive, with ... and herpes zoster virus. CMV, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and hepatitis viruses are particularly important. ... Low-dose cidofovir treatment of BK virus-associated hemorrhagic cystitis in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplant. ... hepatitis B and C viruses (including HCV nucleic acid amplification testing [NAT]), human T-cell lymphotropic virus-1/2 (HTLV-I ...

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/991032-overview

Learn more on current and past outbreaks of Marburg virus disease. ... Johnson ED, Johnson BK, Silverstein D, et al. Characterization of a new Marburg virus isolated from a 1987 fatal case in Kenya ... Smith DH, Johnson BK, Isaacson M, et al. Marburg-virus disease in Kenya. Lancet. 1982; 1(8276):816-820. ... History of Marburg Virus Disease Outbreaks. Year(s). Country. Apparent or suspected origin. Reported number of human cases. ...

https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/marburg/outbreaks/chronology.html

Origine de la réactivation virale chez les patients transplantés rénaux avec une néphropathie à BK virus ... High incidence of Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and human-herpes virus-6 reactivations in critically ill patients with ... Screening around a COVID-19 cluster: Exploring its impact on a local virus outbreak ...

https://www.em-consulte.com/revue/IDNOW

Hepatitis C virus (isolate BK). Genome polyprotein. P06241. FYN_HUMAN. Homo sapiens. Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn. ...

https://www.cathdb.info/pdb/3ua7

Molecular epidemiology of BK Virus.. *Cellular immunity to CMV, EBV & ADV in allogeneic HSCT recipients. ...

https://www.stjames.ie/consultants/crowleybrendan/

Description: bk strain hepatitis c virus (hcv) ns3-ns4a. Deposited on 1997-08-21, released 1998-01-14. The last revision prior ...

https://scop.berkeley.edu/pdb/code=1jxp&ver=1.61

... and polyoma virus-associated nephropathy (PVAN), especially BK virus resulting in graft loss have been reported. (See WARNINGS ... and polyoma virus-associated nephropathy (PVAN), especially due to BK virus infection, which have been observed in patients ... including polyoma virus infections. Polyoma virus infections in transplant patients may have serious, and sometimes, fatal ... Polyoma Virus Infections. Patients receiving immunosuppressants, including Gengraf® , are at increased risk for opportunistic ...

https://www.rxlist.com/gengraf-oral-solution-drug.htm

MTxs lead program, AntiBKV, is a highly effective and safe neutralizing antibody to treat BK virus infection in kidney ... The project included a Phase I clinical trial with AntiBKV, an antibody targeting BK polyomavirus (BKV) infection in renal ... BKV is a wide-spread virus persisting in approximately 80-90 % of the population. While clinically not relevant in healthy ... individuals, the virus is often reactivated in immunosuppressed patients. Reactivation has been shown to be a frequent cause of ...

https://www.yourerie.com/business/press-releases/globenewswire/8735703/vpm-oversees-clinical-trial-and-translational-project-management-positive-phase-i-data-of-client-memo-therapeutics-ag/

Symptomatic BK virus infection is associated with kidney function decline and poor overall survival in allogeneic hematopoietic ... Regarding viral infections, we did not find any association with CMV serostatus, and BK virus nephropathy was suspected in only ... Other etiologies (n=3) include tumor lysis syndrome (n=2) and suspected BK virus nephropathy (n=1). ... and suspected BK virus nephropathy (one of 64; 2%) (Figure 3). Among the 21 patients requiring KRT, etiologies of AKI included ...

https://cjasn.asnjournals.org/content/16/9/1318

... and BK virus nephropathy. Clin Infect Dis. 2006 Dec 1. 43(11):1463-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ... Coxsackie B virus infection can be diagnosed by isolation of the virus in cell culture, detection of virus RNA via polymerase ... Coxsackie virus B1-B6 is the most common isolated variant. [12] Necrosis of the striated intercostal muscles is visible. in ... Coxsackie B virus infections in New Zealand patients with cardiac and non-cardiac diseases. J Med Virol. 1983. 11(2):131-7. [ ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/300049-workup

BK polyomavirus (BKV) is a member of the polyomavirus family that can cause transplant-associated complications including nephropathy in kidney transplantation and hemorrhagic cystitis in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. (roche.com)
This assay detects and quantifies the level of BK virus (BKV) DNA present in the urine of kidney transplant recipients who are at risk of developing BKV-associated nephropathy or hemorrhagic cystitis leading to decreasing renal function and eventual renal failure. (marshfieldlabs.org)

After primary infection, the virus can remain inactive, only to possibly reactivate in immunocompromised individuals such as transplant recipients. (roche.com)
After primary infection, the virus can remain inactive throughout life, only to possibly reactivate in immunocompromised individuals, such as patients who receive solid-organ transplants. (roche.com)
In the case of brain cancer, no infection has been accepted as directly oncogenic, although a number of viruses and parasites are associated with the malignancy. (cuni.cz)
Presence of nucleic acid or antigen in semen does not represent the presence of replication-competent or infection-competent virus, which can generally only be demonstration by isolation and culture of virus. (cdc.gov)
Maximum detection time refers to time from symptom onset (only in viruses that cause acute only, not chronic, infection). (cdc.gov)
Decline in native kidney function in liver transplant recipients is not associated with BK virus infection. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The patient was retrospectively diagnosed with Marburg virus infection 10 . (cdc.gov)
The project included a Phase I clinical trial with AntiBKV, an antibody targeting BK polyomavirus (BKV) infection in renal transplant patients. (yourerie.com)
Coxsackie B virus infection can be diagnosed by isolation of the virus in cell culture, detection of virus RNA via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or serologic evaluation of viral antibodies. (medscape.com)
Similarly, patients with asymptomatic infections may shed the virus for months after they acquire the infection. (medscape.com)
Further evidence of the benefits associated with antiviral treatment in kidney allograft recipients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. (ikem.cz)
Taking everolimus may decrease your ability to fight infection from bacteria, viruses, and fungi and increase the risk that you will get a serious or life-threatening infection. (medlineplus.gov)
Since his recent move to Stanford, he has developed an interest in understanding the immune response to latent viral infection in human transplant recipients with ongoing work evaluating the responses to cytomegalovirus and BK virus. (stanford.edu)
Though EBV is the most prevalent opportunistic viral infection among HIV infected individuals, there was no significant association between EBV load, CD4+ T cell counts and HIV-1 virus load. (who.int)
Managing hepatitis B virus infection in pregnancy and children. (monashhealth.org)
Black men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately affected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, accounting for 38% of all new HIV diagnoses among MSM in the United States in 2016. (cdc.gov)
Identifying HIV-infected persons who are unaware of their human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection status, linking them to care, and reducing health disparities are important national HIV prevention goals ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)

Viral cystitis - Due to adenovirus or BK virus in select populations. (logicalimages.com)
Urine polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test results were negative for BK virus, but PCR results for urine and serum adenovirus returned positive on hospital day 3. (consultant360.com)
Materials and Methods: Multiplex PCR was attempted to detect the opportunistic herpes viruses (HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV, EBV, and CMV), adenovirus and polyoma viruses (JC and BK) in three cocktails of PCR reactions. (who.int)

This FDA clearance allows Roche to offer healthcare professionals a transplant testing portfolio that includes Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus and BK virus so they can simultaneously monitor and improve care for transplant patients who are at risk for these common infections or viral reactivations which can cause further illness or death. (roche.com)
Additional pathogens causing viral hemorrhagic cystitis include cytomegalovirus, BK virus, and JC virus, though these are rarely seen in immunocompetent persons. (consultant360.com)

Absence of hepatitis C virus and detection of hepatitis G virus/GB virus C RNA sequences in the semen of infected men. (cdc.gov)

Because the intervention unexpectedly increased rates of BK virus infections, our findings underscore the complexities of targeting peri-transplant inflammation as a strategy to improve KTx outcomes. (asnjournals.org)
BK-virus infections: a literature review. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Human adenoviruses are double-stranded DNA viruses that comprise more than 50 serotypes and cause a variety of illnesses, including pharyngitis, gastroenteritis, respiratory tract infections, conjunctivitis, and more rarely, hemorrhagic cystitis, hepatitis, or pancreatitis. (consultant360.com)
1 Unlike other respiratory tract viruses, adenoviruses do not demonstrate seasonality, and infections can occur throughout the year. (consultant360.com)
BACKGROUND BK virus infections amongst immunocompromised sufferers are related to illness of the kidney or urinary bladder. (sigmabioblogs.com)
FDA evaluated case reports in AERS and determined that the current labeling, which addresses herpes virus infections in the Warnings and Precautions and Adverse Reactions sections of the labeling, is adequate. (medscape.com)
The sixth European Conference on Infections in Leukemia (ECIL-6) has published guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of BK polyomavirus-associated haemorrhagic cystitis in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. (medscape.com)
Purpose: Opportunistic viral infections cause increased morbidity and mortality among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals, especially those who are not on antiretroviral treatment. (who.int)

The cobas BKV Test is a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test with dual-target technology that provides quantitative accuracy and guards against the risk of sequence variations that may be present in the BK virus. (roche.com)
Quantitative real-time polymerase chain response detection of BK virus utilizing labeled primers. (sigmabioblogs.com)

Recombinant BK virus (BKV), JC virus (JCV) and simian virus 40 (SV40) virus-like particles (VLP) were produced in a baculovirus system, and mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to these proteins were generated using standard methods. (elsevier.com)
Another example of a polyomavirus is Simian vacuolating virus 40 (SV40), which can infect humans, rodents, and monkeys. (web.app)

Polyomaviruses are small non-enveloped viruses with a circular double-stranded DNA genome. (web.app)
The first two human polyomaviruses discovered, BKPyV and JCPyV, are the causative agents for transplant-related kidney disease, BK commonly and JC rarely. (web.app)

Description: This is Mouse monoclonal FITC conjugated antibody against Influenza B virus NP for WB, ELISA. (mytaq.com)
belatacept decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, adjuvanted by pharmacodynamic antagonism. (medscape.com)
ILI surveillance, which began in 2009, monitors the predominant influenza virus strains circulating in outpatient settings and covers all provinces in mainland China, but it is not designed to estimate the disease burden. (who.int)
Capture of 0.1-um aerosol particles containing viable H1N1 influenza virus by N95 filtering facepiece respirators. (cdc.gov)

A member of the Poxvaridea family of double-stranded DNA viruses and related to variola (smallpox), it seems Monkey pox is moving out of its endemic area to terrorize the world (2). (drgermophile.com)
polyomavirus A small icosahedral, double-stranded oncogenic DNA virus of the Papovaviridae family, which may be used to induce experimental tumours in mice. (web.app)

Renal impairment is a common complication after liver transplantation (LT). While BK polyomavirus (BKV) has been linked to renal failure in kidney transplant recipients, Torque teno virus (TTV) is a surrogate marker for immunosuppression that does not have a clear association with any human disease. (microbiologyresearch.org)
BK viraemia was detected in 8.7 % of patients with BK viruria up to 4 years after LT. BKV-specific antibodies were detected in 93.6 % of all LT recipients and correlated with BKV viral load in urine. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Human IgG antibody Laboratories manufactures the large antibody study offers for virus reagents distributed by Genprice. (mytaq.com)
The Large Antibody Study Offers For Virus reagent is RUO (Research Use Only) to test human serum or cell culture lab samples. (mytaq.com)
Description: This is purified Mouse monoclonal antibody against BK virus VP1 for WB, ELISA. (mytaq.com)
Description: This is Mouse monoclonal FITC conjugated antibody against Epstein-Barr virus gp 250/350 for WB, ELISA. (mytaq.com)
Description: This is goat polyclonal antibody against Rubella virus virions for WB, ELISA. (mytaq.com)
Description: This is purified Mouse monoclonal antibody against Herpes simplex virus, 1&2 gD for WB, ELISA. (mytaq.com)
Description: This is purified Mouse monoclonal antibody against Herpes simplex virus, type 2 nuclear for WB, ELISA. (essentialbiosafety.info)

In this phase 2 study, each patient's CSF was examined before each infusion of BK virus-specific T-cell infusion to measure JC viral load. (ajmc.com)

Third-Party BK Virus-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Therapy for Hemorrhagic Cystitis Following Allotransplantation. (stembook.org)

Its genome is about 30 kb , which is one of the largest among RNA viruses. (wikizero.com)

In patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), BK virus-specific T-cell infusions have been shown to clear JC virus in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and relieve clinical symptoms, according to results of a study by Muftuoglu et al. (ajmc.com)
Allogenic BK virus-specific T cells for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. (ajmc.com)
JC virus is responsible for causing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PMLE) in immunocompromised people. (web.app)

8. Siegert R, Shu HL, Slenczka W. Nachweis des "Marburg-Virus" beim Patienten [in German]. (cdc.gov)
Testing at CDC/UVRI identified a Marburg virus disease outbreak in the districts of Kabale, Ibanda, Mbarara, and Kampala over a 3 week time period 13 . (cdc.gov)
A blood sample from Kween District in Eastern Uganda tested positive for Marburg virus. (cdc.gov)
A fatal suspect case of Marburg virus disease (MVD) was identified in the Ashanti region of Ghana on July 7, 2022. (cdc.gov)
Siegert R. Marburg Virus. (cdc.gov)
Seasonal pulses of Marburg virus circulation in juvenile Rousettus aegyptiacus bats coincide with periods of increased risk of human iInfection. (cdc.gov)
Forty-five years of Marburg virus research. (cdc.gov)
Characterization of a new Marburg virus isolated from a 1987 fatal case in Kenya. (cdc.gov)
Kuming BS, Kokoris N. Uveal involvement in Marburg virus disease. (cdc.gov)
2019) Marburg virus disease outbreak in Kween District Uganda, 2017: Epidemiological and laboratory findings. (cdc.gov)
Studies of reservoir hosts for Marburg virus. (cdc.gov)

The test provides standardised, high-quality results that can help healthcare professionals better assess the risk of complications caused by the BK virus in transplant patients and identify effective treatment options. (roche.com)
Researchers from the University of Leeds have revealed the structure of a virus which affects kidney and bone marrow transplant patients in near-atomic levels of detail for the first time. (wordpress.com)

An 'Undetected' test result indicates the absence of BK virus (BKV) DNA in the urine. (marshfieldlabs.org)
There was no correlation between renal impairment and the detection of BK DNA in urine (OR 0.983). (microbiologyresearch.org)

Resurgence of Ebola virus disease in guinea linked to a survivor with virus persistence in seminal fluid for more than 500 days. (cdc.gov)
Persistence and genetic stability of Ebola virus during the outbreak in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995. (cdc.gov)
Molecular evidence of sexual transmission of Ebola virus. (cdc.gov)
Geisbert TW, Bausch DG, Feldmann H. Prospects for immunisation against Marburg and Ebola viruses. (cdc.gov)
A probable case of Ebola virus haemorrhagic fever in Kenya. (cdc.gov)
The SARS-related coronavirus was one of several viruses identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2016 as a likely cause of a future epidemic in a new plan developed after the Ebola epidemic for urgent research and development before and during an epidemic towards diagnostic tests , vaccines and medicines . (wikizero.com)

The Center for Disease Control has issued a medical alert about a highly contagious, potentially dangerous virus that is transmitted orally, by hand, and even electronically. (mjunplugged.com)
Avian polyomavirus is a papovavirus, which is a highly contagious DNA virus that sometimes leads to diseases such as French molt or the "feather-losing disease" in birds. (web.app)

Patient 1, after 2 additional infusions, was cleared of the JC virus and remained asymptomatic at 24 months after the last infusion. (ajmc.com)
A symptomatic, or even an asymptomatic, infected individual could release the virus in the atmosphere, by coughing or sneezing (or even by laborious breathing or speaking), which may still remain active in the atmosphere for a few hours (depending on atmospheric conditions), and on certain surfaces up to 2/3 days - and any uninfected individual, who may later pass through the area, may inhale the virus and get infected. (bk-pbk.in)

What is a symptom of beak However, one type of human polyomavirus, the Merkel cell polyomavirus, is known to cause a rare form of skin cancer called Merkel cell carcinoma, and other members of the polyomavirus family can Avian polyomavirus is a virus that may cause serious disease or even death in cage birds, particularly in the case of young chicks between one week to two months of age. (web.app)

The research team at the University's Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology focused on the infectious BK polyomavirus (BKV), using the center's two cryo-electron microscopes to develop the incredibly detailed imaging required. (wordpress.com)
Astbury Centre Ph.D. researcher Dan Hurdiss, the lead author of the paper, said: "Our structures provide the clearest picture to date of the infectious virus particle. (wordpress.com)

1. Kulcsár G, Csata S, Nász I. Investigations into virus carriership in human semen and mouse testicular cells. (cdc.gov)
Malignant undifferentiated sarcomas were induced in 11 of 15 (73.3%) newborn Syrian hamsters by s.c. inoculation of a recombinant DNA (pBK/c-rasA) containing BK virus (BKV) early region gene and the activated human c-Harvey-ras(c-Ha-ras) oncogene derived from T24 bladder carcinoma. (unife.it)
These guidelines update previous CDC recommendations for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of tuberculosis (TB) among adults and children coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the United States. (cdc.gov)
These guidelines update previous CDC recommendations for treating and preventing active tuberculosis (TB) among adults and children coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (1-3). (cdc.gov)
The virus causes PML and other diseases only in cases of immunodeficiency, as in AIDS or during treatment with drugs intended to induce MW polyomavirus (MWPyV, also known as Human polyomavirus 10 and briefly as MXPyV) is a virus of the polyomavirus family that infects human hosts.It was discovered in 2012 and reported independently by several research groups. (web.app)

Virus isolation from stool, pleural fluid or the pharynx is most specific, but not sensitive, test and can render a positive result for up to 2 weeks after resolution of symptoms. (medscape.com)
Although seldom performed for the diagnosis of pleurodynia per se, tissue diagnosis can be made by direct detection of the viral antigen or by isolation of RNA virus-specific sequences. (medscape.com)
Isolation of genetically diverse Marburg viruses from Egyptian fruit bats. (cdc.gov)

The JC virus comes from the Polyomaviridae family, a virus family with similar antigens and genetic immunogenicity as the BK virus. (ajmc.com)

BK virus (BKV) is a member of the polyomavirus family that can cause severe transplant-associated complications. (roche.com)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provided findings consistent with PML, and a lumbar puncture revealed JC virus load in the CSF. (ajmc.com)

Two strains of the virus have caused outbreaks of severe respiratory diseases in humans: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-1), which caused the 2002-2004 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is causing the ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 . (wikizero.com)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus ( SARSr-CoV or SARS-CoV ) [note 1] is a species of virus consisting of many known strains phylogenetically related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1) that have been shown to possess the capability to infect humans , bats , and certain other mammals . (wikizero.com)

The key feature of xTAG assays is their high degree of multiplexing, and as such, Luminex sells assay panels such as a Respiratory Virus Panel and Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panel to larger core clinical labs. (genomeweb.com)

The corona virus (2019-nCoV OR HCOV-19 or CoV2), has emerged in China as the main cause of viral pneumonia (COVID-19, Coronavirus Disease-19). (bvsalud.org)

Viral serology, in particular syphilis & hepatitis viruses. (stjames.ie)

One disadvantage of RT-PCR is that the virus serotype cannot be identified. (medscape.com)

Molecular epidemiology of BK Virus. (stjames.ie)

About 80% of the world's adult population is infected with BKV, but the virus rarely causes illness in people with a healthy immune system. (wordpress.com)

Marburg hemorrhagic fever associated with multiple genetic lineages of virus. (cdc.gov)

Additional restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assays may provide a simple strategy to identify the virus subtype. (medscape.com)

The SARS-related coronavirus is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus . (wikizero.com)

Anatomy10

Organisms113

Diseases25

Chemicals and Drugs42

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment26

Phenomena and Processes44

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science4

Health Care2

A possible contributory role of BK virus infection in neuroblastoma development. (1/481)

Concerted expression of BK virus large T- and small t-antigens strongly enhances oestrogen receptor-mediated transcription. (2/481)

Morphological, histochemical, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural characterization of tumors and dysplastic and non-neoplastic lesions arising in BK virus/tat transgenic mice. (3/481)

BK and JC viruses in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: prevalent and persistent BK viruria, sequence stability of the viral regulatory regions, and nondetectable viremia. (4/481)

JC and BK virus sequences are not detectable in leukaemic samples from children with common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. (5/481)

Comparison of antibody titers determined by hemagglutination inhibition and enzyme immunoassay for JC virus and BK virus. (6/481)

Polyomaviruria in renal transplant patients is not correlated to the cold ischemia period or to rejection episodes. (7/481)

Documenting the epidemiologic patterns of polyomaviruses in human populations by studying their presence in urban sewage. (8/481)

Polyomavirus Infections

Polyomavirus

Tumor Virus Infections

BK Virus

JC Virus

Polyomaviridae

Simian virus 40

RNA Viruses

DNA, Viral

Virus Replication

Vaccinia virus

Urine

Cystitis

Receptors, Virus

Kidney Transplantation

Virus Cultivation

Genes, Viral

Virus Shedding

Antigens, Viral

Virus Diseases

Virus Assembly

Plant Viruses

DNA Viruses

Defective Viruses

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Sindbis Virus

Measles virus

Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype

Vero Cells

Rabies virus

Kidney Diseases

Cell Transformation, Viral

Cercopithecus aethiops

Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype

Viremia

Viral Proteins

Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype

Cell Line

Hepatitis B virus

West Nile virus

Antiviral Agents

Respiratory Syncytial Viruses

Molecular Sequence Data

Viral Load

Virus Activation

Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral

Virus Physiological Processes

RNA, Viral

Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus

Capsid Proteins

Antibodies, Viral

Virus Latency

Kidney

Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus

Oncogenic Viruses

Haplorhini

Cricetinae

Simian immunodeficiency virus

Mumps virus

Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming

Virology

Parainfluenza Virus 1, Human

Mosaic Viruses

Virion

Hepatitis A virus

Semliki forest virus

Avian Sarcoma Viruses

Cells, Cultured

Viral Plaque Assay

Neutralization Tests

Virus Attachment

Viruses, Unclassified

DNA Restriction Enzymes

Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels

Avian leukosis virus

Phylogeny

Orthomyxoviridae

Bluetongue virus

Orthomyxoviridae Infections

Gene Expression Regulation, Viral