Biuret Reaction
Biuret
Allophanate Hydrolase
Alanine Transaminase
Aspartate Aminotransferases
Alanine
Sensitivity and Specificity
Transaminases
Ketoglutaric Acids
Standards for total serum protein assays--a collaborative study. (1/13)
We have studied the standardization of total serum protein assay with the biuret reaction. Standard solutions were prepared from lyophilized preparations of human serum albumin and bovine serum albumin, with corrections made for volatile material and ash contents. These solutions and a solution of crystalline albumin standard were analyzed with a new stable biuret reagent, to establish absorptivity values (values for the absorbance of a 1 g/liter final reaction mixture). The mean values obtained were 0.302, 0.292, and 0.290 for human serum albumin, bovine serum albumin, and the crystalline albumin, respectively. We believe that the established absorptivity value will improve the accuracy of serum protein determinations. We studied the linearity of the relation between color produced and protein concentration, with use of the solutions described above and a serum pool. The color adheres to Beer's law up to the highest concentration tested: 3 g/liter for HSA and BSA, and 2.8 g/liter for serum in the final reaction mixture. The new biuret reagent has been stable for one year at room temperature. We recommend the use of bovine serum albumin as a primary standard for serum protein assays. It is inexpensive, easily available, and exhibits the best linearity in the biuret reaction. (+info)Fabrication of microchannel structures in fluorinated ethylene propylene. (2/13)
A new technique for fabrication of channel structures with diameters down to 13 microm in fluorinated ethylene propylene (also known as poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene), FEP) is described. The technique is based on the unique property of a dual-layer fluoropolymer tubing consisting of an outer layer of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) and an inner layer of FEP. When heated (>350 degrees C), the outer PTFE layer shrinks while the inner FEP layer melts, resulting in filling of all empty space inside the tubing with FEP. The channel structures are formed using tungsten wires as templates that are pulled out after completion of the shrinking and melting process. While several analytical devices have been reproducibly prepared and shown to function, this report describes a single example. A microreactor coupled to an electrochemical flow cell detects the biuret complex of the natively electroinactive peptide des-Tyr-Leu-enkephalin. (+info)Cross-reactivity of amino acids and other compounds in the biuret reaction: interference with urinary peptide measurements. (3/13)
BACKGROUND: Biuret assays for total protein measurement are considered to react with all peptides longer than 2 residues. Some studies using biuret assays of urine suggest that small peptides generally are more abundant than proteins in urine, but it is not clear whether this is a problem of assay specificity. METHODS: We analyzed the specificity and kinetics of a biuret reaction for solutions of amino acids, organic compounds, peptides, proteins, and ultrafiltered urine specimens and compared the results with standard clinical assays for protein measurement. RESULTS: The biuret assay cross-reacted with several amino acids, dipeptides, and other organic compounds able to form 5- or 6-member ring chelation complexes with copper. Reactions with amino acids and dipeptides had higher absorbance maxima (blue color) than with larger peptides and proteins (purple). Compounds forming potential 4-, 7-, 8-, or 9-member ring complexes with copper had low reactivity. Amino acid amides, dipeptides, and longer peptides had substantial reactivity, except those containing proline. Proteins and polypeptides had similar biuret reactivities per peptide bond, but reaction kinetics were slower for proteins than peptides. Urine specimens ultrafiltered through 3-kDa-cutoff membranes had substantial biuret reactivity, but absorbance maxima were consistent with cross-reactive amino acids rather than peptides. CONCLUSIONS: Many compounds, including amino acids, amino acid derivatives, and dipeptides, cross-react in biuret assays. Our studies improve understanding of the specificity of endpoint and kinetic biuret assays widely used in clinical laboratories. Amino acids, urea, and creatinine contribute to overestimation of urinary peptide content by biuret assays. (+info)A novel approach to enhance antibody sensitivity and specificity by peptide cross-linking. (4/13)
(+info)The Coomassie Brilliant Blue method underestimates drug-induced tubular proteinuria. (5/13)
The sensitivity of the Coomassie Brilliant Blue (CBB) procedure differs for different proteins. To investigate the impact of this variability on clinical measurements of proteinuria, we collected urine specimens from patients with glomerular disease or drug-induced tubular nephrotoxicity and compared urinary protein concentrations as determined by the CBB method with those obtained by the biuret method. The CBB method underestimated the protein concentration predicted by the biuret method by as much as eightfold in specimens with low proportions of albumin. Determinations of protein by the CBB method in serially diluted urine specimens from patients with tubular damage also deviated from linearity by as much as twofold for protein concentrations less than 1 g/L. We conclude that CBB binding is relatively insensitive for measuring proteins specifically associated with tubular damage and hence may be inappropriate for clinical use. (+info)Molar absorptivity and the blank correction factor. (6/13)
In photometry, where both the product formed and one or several reactants absorb light at the same wavelength, the absorbance of the "blank" of the sample at the end of the reaction may be less than that measured at the beginning of the reaction, because of consumption of reactant(s). The blank correction factor for the determined result with one light-absorbing reagent is epsilon P / (epsilon P - epsilon R), where epsilon R and epsilon P are the molar absorptivities of the reagent and the product, respectively. We derived a factor for the case when more than one reagent absorbs light at the same wavelength as the measured product. This factor is independent of the concentration of reagent(s) and can correct the determined result or absorbance for the consumption of light-absorbing reagent(s) during the reaction. (+info)A candidate reference method for determination of total protein in serum. I. Development and validation. (7/13)
We developed a candidate Reference Method for measuring total serum protein by use of the biuret reaction. The method involves a previously described biuret reagent (Clin. Chem. 21: 1159, 1975) and Standard Reference Material (SRM) 927 bovine albumin (National Bureau of Standards) as the standard. At 25 degrees C, color development for 30 or 60 min provides identical serum protein values. Glucose (up to 10 g/L) and bilirubin (up to 300 mg/L) do not interfere. Hemoglobin, at 3 g/L, increases apparent serum protein by 0.4 g/L. The presence of dextran in serum causes easily detected turbidity, but this interference can be eliminated by centrifuging the reaction mixture. Therapeutic concentrations of ampicillin, carbenicillin, penicillin, oxacillin, nafcillin, chloramphenicol, cephalothin, and methicillin in blood do not interfere, nor do triglycerides up to 10 g/L. Within-run and day-to-day standard deviations of the method are 0.1 and 0.4 g/L, respectively. (+info)Prevention of interference by dextran with biuret-type assay of serum proteins. (8/13)
In assay of serum proteins by use of the biuret reaction, dextran can cause turbidity by formation of an insoluble complex of dextran with copper and tartrate (or EDTA) in strongly alkaline solution. Whether or not the turbidity occurs depends on the tartrate concentration: turbidity is maximal at about 10 g/L, absent at 20 g/L or more, and only slight and delayed at 4 g/L. Two biuret reagents, containing respectively 5.6 and 22.5 g of tartrate per liter, obviate the interference, but the former is suitable only when a short (5 min) incubation is used. Both reagents show linear calibration curves and yield virtually identical results. (+info)
Biuret reaction | definition of biuret reaction by Medical dictionary
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Assays for Protein Quantification
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Hans Freeman
"Crystallographic Studies of the Biuret Reaction". Nature. 184 (4687): 707-710. Bibcode:1959Natur.184..707F. doi:10.1038/ ... He received a PhD in 1957 for his work on the structure of biuret hydrate, where he completed most of the calculations for the ... His research group extended its interests beyond purely organic compounds and on to metal complexes (such as copper biuret, one ... Hughes, E. W.; Yakel, H. L.; Freeman, H. C. (1961). "The Crystal Structure of Biuret Hydrate". Acta Crystallogr. 14 (4): 345- ...
Biuret test
The reaction was first observed in 1833; In Poland, the biuret test is also known as Piotrowski's test in honor of the Polish ... The biuret reaction can be used to assess the concentration of proteins because peptide bonds occur with the same frequency per ... In these tests, the Cu+ formed during the biuret reaction reacts further with other reagents, leading to a deeper color. In the ... Piotrowski, G. (1857). "Eine neue Reaction auf Eiweisskörper und ihre näheren Abkömmlinge" [A new reaction of proteins and ...
Protein primary structure
Franz Hofmeister made the proposal in the morning, based on his observations of the biuret reaction in proteins. Hofmeister was ... Such reactions are catalyzed by kinases and the reverse reaction is catalyzed by phosphatases. The phosphorylated tyrosines are ... A β-elimination reaction also splits the chain, but results in a pyruvoyl group at the new N-terminus. This pyruvoyl group may ... This chemical reaction is called an N-O acyl shift. The ester/thioester bond can be resolved in several ways: Simple hydrolysis ...
Millon's reagent
Therefore, the biuret test or the ninhydrin reaction are used along with it to confirm the presence of proteins. Benedict's ... v t e (Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, Biochemistry detection reactions, Mercury ...
Bicinchoninic acid
... is used to analyze to monitor cuprous ion presence due to its purple coloration via a biuret reaction. In ...
Franz Hofmeister
Hofmeister also argued for peptide bonds based on the biuret reaction observed with all proteins but never with free amino ... Since biuret has the formula NH2-CO-NH-CO-NH2, that suggested the presence of similar peptide bonds in proteins. primary ... Consequently, they pull the unfolding reaction. Moreover, they may have direct interactions with some standard hydrophobic ...
Biuret amidohydrolase
In enzymology, a biuret amidohydrolase (EC 3.5.1.84) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction biuret + H2O ⇌ {\ ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is biuret amidohydrolase. This enzyme participates in atrazine degradation. Cook AM, ... displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } urea(CH4N2O) + CO2 + NH3 Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are biuret and H2O, whereas ...
List of organic reactions
Biginelli reaction Bingel reaction Birch reduction Bischler-Möhlau indole synthesis Bischler-Napieralski reaction Biuret test ... reaction Ponzio reaction Prato reaction Prelog strain Prevost reaction Prileschajew reaction Prilezhaev reaction Prins reaction ... Beckwith ring expansion reaction Duff reaction Dutt-Wormall reaction Dyotropic reaction E1cB elimination reaction Eder reaction ... Sauer-Wiechert reaction Haller-Bauer reaction Haloform reaction Halogen addition reaction Halohydrin formation reaction Hammett ...
Urea
Two reactions produce impurities. Biuret is formed when two molecules of urea combine with the loss of a molecule of ammonia. 2 ... the reaction heat from the first reaction driving the second. Like all chemical equilibria, these reactions behave according to ... To allow the slow urea formation reaction time to reach equilibrium a large reaction space is needed, so the synthesis reactor ... These reactions proceed through an isocyanate intermediate. Non-symmetric ureas can be accessed by the reaction of primary or ...
Ammeline
... can be synthesized by the pyrolysis of urea or the condensation reaction among 2 moles of dicyandiamide and 1 mole of biuret. 2 ...
Cyanuric acid amidohydrolase
... biuret + CO2 Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are cyanuric acid and H2O, whereas its two products are biuret and CO2. ... In enzymology, a cyanuric acid amidohydrolase (EC 3.5.2.15) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction cyanuric acid + ...
Lowry protein assay
The method combines the reactions of copper ions with the peptide bonds under alkaline conditions (the Biuret test) with the ... a mixture of phosphotungstic acid and phosphomolybdic acid in the Folin-Ciocalteu reaction). The reaction mechanism is not well ... Biuret test Bradford protein assay Van Noorden, R.; Maher, B.; Nuzzo, R. (2014). "The top 100 papers". Nature. 514 (7524): 550- ... The Lowry method is based on the reaction of Cu+, produced by the oxidation of peptide bonds, with Folin-Ciocalteu reagent ( ...
Potassium cyanate
KOCN is prepared by heating urea with potassium carbonate at 400 °C: 2 OC(NH2)2 + K2CO3 → 2 KOCN + (NH4)2CO3 The reaction ... Intermediates and impurities include biuret, cyanuric acid, and potassium allophanate (KO2CNHC(O)NH2), as well as unreacted ...
Ureas
Reactions using primary amines must be carefully controlled as the isocyanate intermediate can react with the urea to form a ... biuret: R2NC(O)N(H)R' + R"NCO → R2NC(O)NR'C(O)NHR" Unsymmetrical ureas are generated by condensation of isocyanates with amines ... Phosgenation entails the reaction of amines with phosgene, proceeding via the isocyanate (or carbamoyl chloride) as an ... NH3 These reactions are used to prepare cyclic ureas. Monomethylurea, precursor to theobromine, is produced from methylamine ...
Chemical test
The Sakaguchi test detects the presence of arginine in protein The Hopkins-Cole reaction tests for the presence of tryptophan ... Rapid furfural test distinguishes between glucose and fructose The bicinchoninic acid assay tests for proteins The Biuret test ... and cystine in proteins The Acree-Rosenheim reaction tests for the presence of tryptophan in proteins The Pauly reaction tests ... proteins The nitroprusside reaction tests for the presence of free thiol groups of cysteine in proteins The Sullivan reaction ...
Bicinchoninic acid assay
Biuret test Smith, P.K.; et al. (1985). "Measurement of protein using bicinchoninic acid". Anal. Biochem. 150 (1): 76-85. doi: ... The BCA assay primarily relies on two reactions. First, the peptide bonds in protein reduce Cu2+ ions from the copper(II) ... At higher temperatures (37 to 60 °C), peptide bonds assist in the formation of the reaction complex. Incubating the BCA assay ... Bradford protein assay or biuret reagent. The total protein concentration is exhibited by a color change of the sample solution ...
Potassium sodium tartrate
It is a common precipitant in protein crystallography and is also an ingredient in the Biuret reagent which is used to measure ... particularly for reactions in which an aluminium-based hydride reagent was used. Sodium Potassium tartrate is also important in ...
Cyanuric acid
"21CFR573.220 Feed-grade biuret". U.S. Food and Drug Administration. April 1, 2006. Retrieved 2007-05-06. "Roughage Buster Plus ... "Study of the thermal decomposition of urea (pyrolysis) reaction and importance to cyanuric acid production," American ... The first appearance of ammeline occurs prior to 225 °C and is suspected also to occur from decomposition of biuret but is ... Intermediates in the dehydration include both isocyanic acid, biuret, and triuret: H2N-CO-NH2 → HNCO + NH3 H2N-CO-NH2 + HNCO → ...
Allophanic acid
Biuret can be viewed as the amide of allophanic acid. The compound can be prepared by treating urea with sodium bicarbonate: ... 1987). "Reaction of urea with alkali metal carbonates". Zhurnal Organicheskoi Khimii. 23: 93-6. Mak, Thomas C. W.; Yip, Wai ...
Isocyanate
Three rearrangement reactions involving nitrenes give isocyanates: Schmidt reaction, a reaction where a carboxylic acid is ... The addition of an isocyanate to a urea gives a biuret: R 2 NC ( O ) N ( H ) R ′ + R ″ NCO ⟶ R 2 NC ( O ) NR ′ C ( O ) NHR ″ {\ ... "Isocyanate Exposure, Reaction and Protection - Quick Tips #233 - Grainger Industrial Supply". www.grainger.com. Retrieved 2018- ... Isocyanates are common intermediates in the synthesis of primary amines via hydrolysis: Hofmann rearrangement, a reaction in ...
Hexamethylene diisocyanate
HDI is also sold oligomerized as the trimer or biuret which are used in automotive refinish coatings. Although more viscous in ... HDI is also used bisoxazolidine synthesis as the hydroxyl group on the molecule allows for further reaction with hexamethylene ...
Jonas Kamlet
And he obtained a patent for the use of biuret for animal feed (Kamlet, 1956). Dow Chemicals bought this patent from Kamlet ... This method utilized a pill containing compounds that dissolved with a strong exothermic reaction without the use of an ... synthesis of biuret that could be used as an element of fodder along with hundreds of other patents. His wife, Edna Yadven ...
Molecular biology
PCR is a reaction which amplifies small quantities of DNA, and it is used in many applications across scientific disciplines. ... the Lowry procedure and the biuret assay. Unlike the previous methods, the Bradford assay is not susceptible to interference by ... Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is an extremely versatile technique for copying DNA. In brief, PCR allows a specific DNA ... The reaction is extremely powerful and under perfect conditions could amplify one DNA molecule to become 1.07 billion molecules ...
Copper(II) sulfate
... is also used in the Biuret reagent to test for proteins. Copper sulfate is used to test blood for anemia. ... Copper sulfate is often used to demonstrate an exothermic reaction, in which steel wool or magnesium ribbon is placed in an ... Reaction with ammonium hydroxide yields tetraamminecopper(II) sulfate or Schweizer's reagent which was used to dissolve ... "single metal replacement reactions" occurs when a piece of iron is submerged in a solution of copper sulfate: Fe + CuSO4 → ...
Quantitative proteomics
Absolute quantification is performed using selected reaction monitoring (SRM). Metal-coded tags (MeCAT) method is based on ... Other more accurate spectrophotometric procedures for protein quantification include the Biuret, Lowry, BCA, and Bradford ... more typical methodologies for absolute protein quantification in drug discovery is the use of LC-MS/MS with multiple reaction ...
Arthur W. Thomas
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 57, 2131-5. Thomas, A. W., & Kremer, C. B. (1935). Reactions of organic anions with ... A further effort to prepare a colorless biuret reagent. Biochemical Bulletin (New York), 2, 556-8. Thomas, A. W. (1914). A ... Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 15, 707-8. Thomas, A. W., & Frieden, A. (1923). The gelatin-tannin reaction. Industrial ...
Bradford protein assay
The reaction is dependent on the amino acid composition of the measured proteins. The Bradford assay, a colorimetric protein ... Alternative protein assays include: Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy RGBradford Biuret protein assay Lowry protein assay BCA ... Biochemistry detection reactions, Protein methods, Analytical chemistry, Chemical tests). ...
Protein adulteration in China
"Feed-grade biuret". Food and Drug Administration. 1 April 2006. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 6 ... there was a call from consumers for an investigation into Menu Foods reaction to the poisonings, and the federal government's ... NPN are given to ruminants in the form of pelleted urea, ammonium phosphate and/or biuret. Sometimes slightly polymerized ... For example, Archer Daniels Midland manufactures an NPN supplement for cattle, which contains biuret, triuret, cyanuric acid ...
Fertilizer
Two sets of enzymatic reactions are highly relevant to the efficiency of nitrogen-based fertilizers. Urease The first is the ... Mikkelsen, R.L. (2007). "Biuret in Urea Fertilizers" (PDF). Better Crops. 91 (3): 6-7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 ... Chemical granulation process is based on chemical reactions between liquid raw materials (such as phosphoric acid, sulfuric ... hydrolysis (reaction with water) of urea. Many soil bacteria possess the enzyme urease, which catalyzes conversion of urea to ...
List of International Organization for Standardization standards, 3000-4999
ISO 3957 Reaction to fire tests - Façades - Measurement of heat and smoke generation in severe exterior fire scenarios [Under ... Determination of biuret content - Flame atomic absorption and photometric absorption methods [Withdrawn without replacement] ... Measurement of reaction time [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3855:1977 Milling cutters - Nomenclature ISO 3856 Paints and ... 2014 Standard tests for measuring reaction-to-fire of products and materials - Their development and application ISO 3815 Zinc ...
List of EC numbers (EC 3)
... since the reaction catalysed is that of a lyase EC 3.1.27.3: Now EC 4.6.1.24, ribonuclease T1}}, since the primary reaction is ... biuret amidohydrolase EC 3.5.1.85: (S)-N-acetyl-1-phenylethylamine hydrolase EC 3.5.1.86: mandelamide amidase EC 3.5.1.87: N- ... EC 3.1.27.6: Now EC 4.6.1.21, Enterobacter ribonuclease}}, since the primary reaction is that of a lyase EC 3.1.27.7: ... a side reaction of EC 3.1.1.8 cholinesterase EC 3.1.1.10: tropinesterase EC 3.1.1.11: pectinesterase EC 3.1.1.12: deleted, ...
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The total protein method utilizes the biuret reaction with measurement of the final product at 546 nm. Divalent copper reacts ... The final step is known as the Trinder reaction. This method is a single reagent, endpoint reaction that is specific for ... NAD+ is reduced to NADH during this reaction. The initial rate of NADH formation is directly proportional to the catalytic LDH ... Creatine and ATP are produced from this reaction, and ATP reacts with glucose under the action of hexokinase to produce glucose ...
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DeCS
do not confuse with BIURET: biuret reaction or method no longer uses BIURET as signif reagent. ... Biuret Reaction - Preferred Concept UI. M0002622. Scope note. A reaction characterized by a violet color upon the addition of ... reacción de Biuret. Scope note:. Reacción que se caracteriza por un color violeta tras la adición de sulfato de cobre a todos ... A reaction characterized by a violet color upon the addition of copper sulfate to all compounds with two amide or peptide bonds ...
SERS Study of Adsorption and Condensation Reaction of Urea on Silver Electrode
Urea was found to undergo a condensation reaction on roughened silver electrode. Biuret was the condensation compound, and was ... SERS,Ure,Biuret,Condensation reaction. ". Please open it by linking:http://www.whxb.pku.edu.cn/EN/abstract/abstract24469.shtml ... SERS Study of Adsorption and Condensation Reaction of Urea on Silver Electrode Xu Hai-Bo,Lin Hai-Chao,Yu Jia-Kang ... Crystal Structures, Reaction Mechanisms, and Optimization Strategies of MnO2 Cathode for Aqueous Rechargeable Zinc Batteries [J ...
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This reaction is specific for compounds with more than two peptide bonds. Biuret reagent is a mixture of a strong solution of ... The Biuret results with positive reactions to Albumin (egg white) and the enzyme, pepsin.. In the carbohydrate tests for simple ... The Biurets test is only for protein.. Carbohydrates contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They offer energy and also provide ... The Biuret reagent contains sodium hydroxide and copper sulfate. The protein in an alkaline environment, reacts with copper ...
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Diazo reaction. Michaelson et al. Paediatrics 1965;35:925. 3.. Total protein - nonspecific. Spectrophotometry: Classical Biuret ... Fragmentation of ceruloplasmin following non-enzymatic glycation reaction.. J Biochem (Tokyo). 1995;118:1054-60. [CrossRef] [ ... Diazo reaction. Michaelson et al. Paediatrics 1965;35:925. 2.. Conjugated bilirubin - conjugating capacity. ... Hopkins-Cole reaction. Goldenberg H, Drewes PA Clin Chem 1971;17:358. ...
Urea for compound fertilizer from China manufacturer - TAINUO CHEMICAL
Under high temperature, it can undergo a condensation reaction and form biuret, triuret and polyhydrocyanic acid. ... Under high temperature, it can undergo a condensation reaction and form biuret, triuret and polyhydrocyanic acid. ... Among them, the reaction of melamine and formalin is the most important part. ... Among them, the reaction of melamine and formalin is the most important part. ...
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Gornall AG, Bardawill CJ, David MM (1949) Determination of serum proteins by means of the biuret reaction. J Biol Chem 177:751- ... The reaction was stopped with 30% TCA, 0.1 mL and neutralized with NaOH. Ethanol was measured adding a 10 µL aliquot (0.005 mg ... ATP was measured in cytoplasm extracts resuspended to 0.025 mg protein in 0.15 mL reaction buffer (20 mM KH2PO4, 40 mM Na2HPO4 ... Protein concentrations from intact S. epidermidis cells were determined by the biuret method (Gornall et al. 1949). Absorbance ...
What color is a positive test for carbohydrates? - Profound-Answers
Which color change represents a positive reaction for the presence of protein using the biuret test? ... Which is the best colour reaction for carbohydrates?. Positive Reactions for Carbohydrates Test Test Positive colour change ... Biuret reagent is an alkaline solution of 1% CuSO4, copper sulfate. The violet color is a positive test for the presence of ... These reactions have been used as simple and rapid diagnostic tests for the presence of glucose in blood or urine. ...
Biuret Test For Protein Principle, Procedure, Result, Application.
principle of Biuret Test, Procedure of Biuret Test. use of Biuret Test ... Biuret Test For Protein Principle, Procedure, Result, Application. ... Principle of Biuret Test. The copper (II) present in the reaction binds itself to the nitrogen atoms that are present in the ... A positive reaction for this test is also obtained when the sample carries biuret molecules ([H2N-CO]2NH) since the bonds in ...
Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) reporter enzyme assay for Haloferax volcanii | Protocol Exchange
The colorimetric biuret-reaction results in the formation of a blue color, which can be quantified photometrically at 562 nm. ... 9. The reactions are started by the addition of 25 µl NADPH solution, and the optical density at 340 nm is measured in a MTP ... The reaction mix contains 100 µl cytoplasmic extract dilution, 150 µl 4 M KCl (preheat to 40°C), and 25 µl DHF- solution. ...
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Evaluation of organic and inorganic compounds in the saliva of patients with chronic periodontal disease
The protein concentration of the supernatant fluid was determined using a biuret reaction (13) that incorporates the use of ... Each saliva sample was assayed in triplicate identical reactions. The study variables were statistically analyzed at a 5% level ... Determination of serumproteins by means of the biuret reagent. J Biol Chem 1949;177:751-66. [ Links ]. ...
MeSH Browser
Određivanje proteina u prehrambenim proizvodima | Repository of the Faculty of Food Technology Osijek
... and color reactions (Biuret reaction, Adamkiewicz reaction, the ksantoprotein reaction, ninhidrin reaction, Millon reaction and ... method by using the principle of Biuret reaction, Bradford method, Lowry method, method with bicinkonin acid (BCA method), ... Qualitative detection of proteins in food is usually made by various sedimentation reactions (reversible and irreversible ... metodom na principu Biuret reakcije, Bradfordovom metodom, Lowryjevom metodom, metodom s bicinkoninskom kiselinom (BCA metodom ...
ReagentMeans of the biuret reactionPeptide bondsUreaUndergo a condensation reactionCondensationProteinProteinsAmino acidBuffersCatalystsTestColourChemicalMechanismsMixturePositiveMethodTestsColorPepsinPolyurethaneStrongContentProteinsColorimetricDetect the presenceDescriptorSubstrateLowrySucrosePeptide bondXanthoproteic reactionCondensationNinhydrin testCarbamateAcidNitrogenCharacteristics and reactionsSodiumSaltsAmplificationSolutionAtomsViolet colorCatalystSubstancesAcidsWaterProducesSecondaryProductSourceTechniques and EquipmentWrittenRapidSimple
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- The Biuret reagent contains sodium hydroxide and copper sulfate. (studymode.com)
- Proteins and peptides react with the Biuret reagent. (studymode.com)
- Biuret reagent is a mixture of a strong solution of sodium or potassium hydroxide and small amount of very dilute copper sulfate. (studymode.com)
- Biuret reagent is an alkaline solution of 1% CuSO4, copper sulfate. (profound-answers.com)
- Biuret reagent is a type of solution which is composed of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), hydrated copper (II) sulfate, and potassium sodium tartrate. (microbiologynote.com)
- Add 1-2 ml of Biuret reagent to all the test tubes. (microbiologynote.com)
- Utilize Biuret reagent to recognize the presence of protein. (kunstverein.us)
- I made some Rochelle salt which I'm gonna need for making biuret reagent. (sciencemadness.org)
- Why was one of the biuret reagent tests a different color from the rest? (iwantonlineclasshelp.com)
- What color does the biuret reagent turn to in the presence of proteins? (iwantonlineclasshelp.com)
Means of the biuret reaction3
- Determination of serum protein by means of the biuret reaction. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- Determination of serum protrins by means of the biuret reaction.J. Biol. (zju.edu.cn)
- Gornall AG, Bardawill CJ, David MM (1949) Determination of serum proteins by means of the biuret reaction. (susu.ru)
Peptide bonds6
- A reaction characterized by a violet color upon the addition of copper sulfate to all compounds with two amide or peptide bonds linked directly or through an intermediate carbon atom. (bvsalud.org)
- This reaction is specific for compounds with more than two peptide bonds. (studymode.com)
- The biuret test is a chemical test that can be used to confirm the presence of peptide bonds in a given sample. (microbiologynote.com)
- A positive reaction for this test is also obtained when the sample carries biuret molecules ([H2N-CO]2NH) since the bonds in this molecule is related to peptide bonds. (microbiologynote.com)
- The reaction between the copper (II) ions and the nitrogens belonging to the peptide bonds results in the displacement of peptide hydrogens (as long as the environment is sufficiently alkaline). (microbiologynote.com)
- This is because they both produced negative results because Biuret tests positive in solutions that contain peptide bonds and will turn a violet color. (hv-mylau.de)
Urea4
- To generate analytical standards, urea derivatives of HDI, biuret, and isocyanurate were synthesized by reaction with 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine and purified. (cdc.gov)
- Urea was found to undergo a condensation reaction on roughened silver electrode. (pku.edu.cn)
- SERS Study of Adsorption and Condensation Reaction of Urea on Silver Electrode[J].Acta Phys. (pku.edu.cn)
- The reaction is sp ific and is frequently used for solu tions of urea to which the biuret test cannot be applied. (chempedia.info)
Undergo a condensation reaction1
- Under high temperature, it can undergo a condensation reaction and form biuret, triuret and polyhydrocyanic acid. (sinotainuo.com)
Condensation2
- Biuret was the condensation compound, and was adsorbed in the protonated form on the silver surface. (pku.edu.cn)
- For example, HDI-biuret (HDI-BT), a trimeric condensation product of HDI, is widely used as a hardener in automobile and airplane paints. (cdc.gov)
Protein6
- Which color change represents a positive reaction for the presence of protein using the biuret test? (profound-answers.com)
- Therefore, the biuret test can be also be used to gauge the amount of protein present in the sample. (microbiologynote.com)
- The copper (II) present in the reaction binds itself to the nitrogen atoms that are present in the protein peptides. (microbiologynote.com)
- Protein oxidation is the structural modification induced directly by reactive oxygen species or indirectly by reaction with the by-products of lipid peroxidation ( Shacter, 2000 ). (animbiosci.org)
- The presence of protein is tested by the Biuret test for proteins. (scienceoxygen.com)
- 90% Protein Proteinase K, biuret test. (agscientific.com)
Proteins7
- Serum proteins were assayed by the biuret reaction and bilirubin determination was based on the diazo coupling reaction of Ehrlich method. (scialert.net)
- In general, proteins may be structural proteins used to build tissues, they may be enzymes that mediate chemical reactions, or they may be hormones. (studymode.com)
- The presence of proteins can be confirmed qualitatively by using several tests, Biuret Test is one of them. (microbiologynote.com)
- Qualitative detection of proteins in food is usually made by various sedimentation reactions (reversible and irreversible manner) and color reactions (Biuret reaction, Adamkiewicz reaction, the ksantoprotein reaction, ninhidrin reaction, Millon reaction and cysteine test). (ptfos.hr)
- Quantitative determination of proteins in food products is usually done by Kjeldahl method, method according to Dumas, method by using the principle of Biuret reaction, Bradford method, Lowry method, method with bicinkonin acid (BCA method), fluorimetric method and with the method of measuring the refractive index. (ptfos.hr)
- As workhorses of the cell, proteins compose structural and motor elements in the cell, and they serve as the catalysts for virtually every biochemical reaction that occurs in living things. (scienceoxygen.com)
- Which proteins give positive Biuret test? (scienceoxygen.com)
Amino acid1
- The investigation of amino acid reactions by methods of non-aqueous titrimetry. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Buffers1
- Disadvantages: Buffers, such as Tris and ammonia, can interfere with the reaction. (peel520.net)
Catalysts2
- Structure-Activity Relationship of Atomic-Scale Cobalt-Based N-C Catalysts in the Oxygen Evolution Reaction [J]. Acta Phys. (pku.edu.cn)
- Explain the role of enzymes as catalysts that lower the activation energy of biochemical reactions. (usermessage.de)
Test4
- Which color change represents a positive reaction for the presence of starch using the iodine test? (profound-answers.com)
- The following exercises are reactions that can detect the presence or absence of carbohydrates in test solutions. (profound-answers.com)
- The Combur 9 test as well as the HemoCheck-S test (qualitative/semi-quantitative) showed the most sensitive detection limits, followed by the modified OPA and BCA methods (quantitative), the radionuclide (RNM) (quantitative) and ninhydrin (qualitative) methods and, lastly, the biuret reaction (semi-quantitative). (deconidi.ie)
- Test for creatinine by Jaffe's reaction is a specific test used to determine creatinine level in urine and blood. (medicalstudyzone.com)
Colour5
- What are the Colour reaction of carbohydrates? (profound-answers.com)
- A yellow colour, or negative result, indicates a lack of starch in the solution and, thus, the completion of the reaction. (profound-answers.com)
- Which is the best colour reaction for carbohydrates? (profound-answers.com)
- Due to the presence of characteristic side chains in them, certain amino acids exhibit typical colour reactions that form the basis for their identification. (microbiologynote.com)
- If the reaction proceeds too quickly for the colour changes to be observed, the saliva solution should be diluted. (chempedia.info)
Chemical4
- Technique by which phase transitions of chemical reactions can be followed by observation of the heat absorbed or liberated. (bvsalud.org)
- What's happening in the beaker is in fact quite a complicated set of chemical reactions. (kunstverein.us)
- 4] ZHOU Xin-hua,TU Wei-ping,HU Jian-qing.Preparation and characterization of two-component waterborne polyurethane comprised of water-soluble acrylic resin and HDI biuret[J].Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering,2006,14(1):99-104. (cifp.ac.cn)
- This chemical is known for its superior kinetics reaction mechanics and concentration variables like normality, dissociation & ionization variables. (alphachemikaindia.com)
Mechanisms2
- Crystal Structures, Reaction Mechanisms, and Optimization Strategies of MnO 2 Cathode for Aqueous Rechargeable Zinc Batteries [J]. Acta Phys. (pku.edu.cn)
- Mechanisms or reactions are then a succession of steps that eventually result in a desired, final item. (kunstverein.us)
Mixture1
- Polyurethane foams are made by curing a reaction mixture that contains an aromatic polyisocyanate, at least one isocyanate-reactive material having an average functionality of at least 2 and an equivalent weight of at least 200 per isocyanate-reactive group, at least one blowing agent, at least one surfactant, at least one catalyst, and certain aldehyde-suppressing additives. (justia.com)
Positive2
- The Biuret results with positive reactions to Albumin (egg white) and the enzyme, pepsin. (studymode.com)
- Which color change represents a positive reaction for the presence of simple sugars? (profound-answers.com)
Method3
- We have developed and evaluated a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method capable of quantifying HDI and its oligomers (uretidone, biuret, and isocyanurate) in air, tape-stripped skin, and paint samples collected in the automotive refinishing industry. (cdc.gov)
- What are the advantages and disadvantages of biuret method? (peel520.net)
- Therefore, this work provided an in-depth understanding of the synergistic effect between the outer and inner oxygen in the reaction mechanism and an efficient method for establishing a deep-learning-assisted intelligent detection platform. (bvsalud.org)
Tests1
- These reactions have been used as simple and rapid diagnostic tests for the presence of glucose in blood or urine. (profound-answers.com)
Color1
- The color formed is due to the reaction of alpha-naphthol with furfural and/or its derivative formed by the dehydration of sugars by concentrated sulphuric acid. (profound-answers.com)
Pepsin1
- What is the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme pepsin? (iwantonlineclasshelp.com)
Polyurethane1
- 5] WU Guo-min,KONG Zhen-wu,CHEN Cai-feng,et al.Crosslinking reaction and properties of two-component waterborne polyurethane from terpene-maleic ester type epoxy resin[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2013,128(1):132-138. (cifp.ac.cn)
Strong1
- Azodicarbonamide (ADA) in flour can be easily decomposed to semi-carbazide and biuret, exhibiting strong genotoxicity in vitro and carcinogenicity. (bvsalud.org)
Content2
- The trimeric HDI biuret (HDI-BT), which has a low monomer content and is widely used in the formulation of exceptionally high quality polymer coatings, is produced by controlled reaction of HDI with water, a water generator, or an amine (Chadwick and Cleveland 1981). (cdc.gov)
- And the effects of reaction condition and siloxane content on the stability and micro-structure of the polyol dispersion were studied. (cifp.ac.cn)
Proteins9
- Proteins can be detected using both the Biuret and the ninhydrin tests. (scienceinschool.org)
- Determination of serum proteins by means of the biuret reaction. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- Gornall AG, Bardawill CJ, David MM. Determination of serum proteins by means of the biuret reaction. (ijbcp.com)
- Principle: Proteins respond to some colour reactions due to the presence of one or more radicals or groups of the complex protein molecule. (philoid.com)
- All proteins do not contain the same amino acids, and hence they do not respond to all colour reactions. (philoid.com)
- For determining the presence of proteins in the unknown solution Ninhydrin Test and/or Biuret Test can be used. (biologyideas.com)
- Check for proteins & proteins Biuret check was completed to look for the existence of protein. (bioclaro.com)
- This experiment will test the effect of the enzyme papain (papaya extract) on the breakdown of proteins in gelatin by measuring the amount of protein remaining after the reaction. (ncesse.org)
- The ability of proteins to carry out specific reactions is the result of their primary, secondary and tertiary structure. (ncertmcq.com)
Colorimetric1
- Many classical enzymatic assay methods involve the use of synthetic colorimetric substrates and measuring the reaction rates using a spectrophotometer. (jefferson.edu)
Detect the presence2
- Why are only few drops of CuSO solution added during the biuret test?4Exercise 22 Aim: To detect the presence of fats (lipid) in different plants and animal materials. (philoid.com)
- Students performing a Biuret test to detect the presence of peptide bonds. (ncesse.org)
Descriptor1
- Biuret Reaction" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (uchicago.edu)
Substrate1
- The substrate, biuret, forms by the spontaneous decarboxylation of 1-carboxybiuret in the absence of EC 3.5.1.131 , 1-carboxybiuret hydrolase. (enzyme-database.org)
Lowry1
- Lowry method: Based on and improved upon the earliest Biuret reaction. (biorad-cn.com)
Sucrose1
- Any group that interferes with the biuret reaction, such as -CO-NH2, -CH2-NH2, CS-NH2 and Tris buffer, sucrose, ammonium sulfate, and sulfhydryl compounds, can interfere with the Folin-phenol reaction and affect the latter Much bigger. (vacutaineradditives.com)
Peptide bond1
- The reaction is not exactly typical for a peptide bond, as any compound with two carbonyl groups attached to a nitrogen or carbon atom will yield a positive result. (biologyideas.com)
Xanthoproteic reaction1
- The reason of yellow stain is xanthoproteic reaction. (philoid.com)
Condensation1
- For example, HDI-biuret (HDI-BT), a trimeric condensation product of HDI, is widely used as a hardener in automobile and airplane paints. (cdc.gov)
Ninhydrin test1
- Allow approximately 5 minutes for the Biuret test, and 10 minutes for the ninhydrin test (see procedure section below). (scienceinschool.org)
Carbamate1
- Aliphatic diisocyanates are produced by reaction of phosgene with either a shury of the carbamate salts obtained in the reaction of the aliphatic diamines with carbon dioxide, or with a slurry of the amine hydrochloride (Ulrich 1989). (cdc.gov)
Acid3
- In addition, phenols and citric acid also interfere with this reaction. (vacutaineradditives.com)
- What type of reaction occurs between glycerol and three molecules of fatty acid (RCOOH) to create a triglyceride? (primrosekitten.org)
- The reaction of an isocyanate functional group with water (Scheme 2) results in the formation of an unstable carbamic acid group, which in turn decomposes to release an amine and carbon dioxide. (weimann-meyer.org)
Nitrogen1
- The nearly 2.200 Round Table discussions amongst 7.500+ Engineers and Managers in the Nitrogen Fertilizer Industry have led to 10.000 reactions (posts). (ureaknowhow.com)
Characteristics and reactions5
- 1. A substance possessing the herein-described physiological characteristics and reactions of the suprarenal glands in a stable and concentrated form, and practically free from inert and associated gland-tissue. (bloomberglaw.com)
- 4. A substance possessing the herein-described physiological characteristics and reactions of the suprarenal glands in a stable and concentrated form, having a whitish color and a crystalline form when in a dry or solid condition, and melting at about 207 centigrade. (bloomberglaw.com)
- 9. A substance possessing the herein-described physiological characteristics and reactions of the suprarenal glands, practically free from inert and associated gland-tissue, and having an alkaline reaction. (bloomberglaw.com)
- 12. A substance possessing the herein-described physiological characteristics and reactions of the suprarenal glands, practically free from inert and associated gland-tissue, having an alkaline reaction, giving a green coloration in reaction with ferric salts, and a red coloration with iodine. (bloomberglaw.com)
- 16. A solution possessing the herein-described physiological characteristics and reactions of the suprarenal glands in concentrated and stable condition, and from which solution is obtained the herein-described substance free from inert and deteriorating matter by simply neutralizing or removing the solvent. (bloomberglaw.com)
Sodium4
- In my experience and from what I have read this method is not dangerous, in fact I would say performing an azide synthesis is far more dangerous to the inexperienced than a simple extraction and metathesis reaction involving sodium azide from airbag pellets. (sciencemadness.org)
- I found a few things related to this subject, but it seems exceptionally vague or requires already having sodium azide and some kind of very complex system ( https://www.google.com/patents/CA2046385A1?cl=en ), or involves making molten sodium amide to bubble the gas into. (sciencemadness.org)
- are: While baking soda is pretty cheap, $1.50 for a 500 gram box, get a second container and The reaction of potassium sodium tartrate with hydrogen peroxide is catalyzed with 0.10 M cobalt(II) chloride. (1508.com)
- Put the 500 grams of baking soda This involves the reaction of cream of tartar (potassium bitartrate, KHC4H4O6) with sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) to produce Rochelle salt (potassium sodium tartrate, NaKC4H4O6). (1508.com)
Salts1
- 97] alkalies, possessing reducing properties, giving a green coloration in reaction with ferric salts and a red coloration in reaction with iodine. (bloomberglaw.com)
Amplification2
- Particularly well suited for isolating nucleic acids for amplification reactions. (agscientific.com)
- Modulation of immune system denotes alterations of immune responses by induction, expression and amplification of part or phase of the reaction [ 1 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
Solution5
- Biuret Solution. (aldon-chem.com)
- This is a pH indicator solution that is used in titration and in monitoring the pH of reactions. (aldon-chem.com)
- This is a pH indicator solution that is used in titrations and in monitoring the pH of reactions. (aldon-chem.com)
- 1 The rate of reaction can be increased by increasing the concentration of the solution. (markedbyteachers.com)
- 4 Adding a catalyst to the solution will increase the rate of reaction. (markedbyteachers.com)
Atoms1
- HS-PS1-2: Construct and revise an explanation for the outcome of a simple chemical reaction based on the outermost electron states of atoms, trends in the periodic table, and knowledge of the patterns of chemical properties. (flinnsci.com)
Violet color1
- A reaction characterized by a violet color upon the addition of copper sulfate to all compounds with two amide or peptide bonds linked directly or through an intermediate carbon atom. (uchicago.edu)
Catalyst1
- The most efficient route produces the desired product in a single reaction vessel by combining a polyol (alkyl diol, alkyl ether diol oligomer, etc), dialkyl carbonate, lactone, and catalyst in a reaction vessel under transesterification conditions. (justia.com)
Substances1
- MS-PS1-2: Analyze and interpret data on the properties of substances before and after the substances interact to determine if a chemical reaction has occurred. (flinnsci.com)
Acids1
- CONTENTS NOTES (d) Reactions between acids and metals, their oxides and trioxocarbonates (IV). (awajis.com)
Water3
- The trimeric HDI biuret (HDI-BT), which has a low monomer content and is widely used in the formulation of exceptionally high quality polymer coatings, is produced by controlled reaction of HDI with water, a water generator, or an amine (Chadwick and Cleveland 1981). (cdc.gov)
- e) reaction of the elements with water and alkali (balanced equations required). (awajis.com)
- The invention of these foams (initially called imitation swiss cheese by the inventors [2] ) was thanks to water accidentally introduced in the reaction mix. (chemeurope.com)
Produces1
- The resultant reaction produces a large amount of black foam as well as steam and smoke. (aldon-chem.com)
Secondary1
- But a secondary reaction appreciable at 8 hours. (unc.edu)
Product1
- The colored product of the reaction was determined spectrophotometrically. (edu.ph)
Source1
- Biuret, a less toxic source of NPN, is currently used less frequently than in the past. (merckvetmanual.com)
Techniques and Equipment1
- The development and use of techniques and equipment to study or perform chemical reactions, with small quantities of materials, frequently less than a milligram or a milliliter. (nih.gov)
Written1
- This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Biuret Reaction" by people in this website by year, and whether "Biuret Reaction" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (uchicago.edu)
Rapid2
Simple1
- The choice of inoculum for these enrichments is important and often allows for successful enrichment after simple batch culture, but organisms containing several degradative reactions could be obtained only after selection in extended culture. (uni-konstanz.de)