A reaction characterized by a violet color upon the addition of copper sulfate to all compounds with two amide or peptide bonds linked directly or through an intermediate carbon atom. Used in the detection and estimation of proteins and peptides having more than two amino acids.
Used as feed supplement for sheep and cattle since it is a good non-protein nitrogen source. In strongly alkaline solution biuret gives a violet color with copper sulfate.
An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of allophanic acid to two molecules of ammonia plus two molecules of "active carbon dioxide". EC 3.5.1.54.
An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to pyruvate and L-glutamate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.6.1.2.
Enzymes of the transferase class that catalyze the conversion of L-aspartate and 2-ketoglutarate to oxaloacetate and L-glutamate. EC 2.6.1.1.
A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)
A subclass of enzymes of the transferase class that catalyze the transfer of an amino group from a donor (generally an amino acid) to an acceptor (generally a 2-keto acid). Most of these enzymes are pyridoxyl phosphate proteins. (Dorland, 28th ed) EC 2.6.1.
A family of compounds containing an oxo group with the general structure of 1,5-pentanedioic acid. (From Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p442)
A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

Standards for total serum protein assays--a collaborative study. (1/13)

We have studied the standardization of total serum protein assay with the biuret reaction. Standard solutions were prepared from lyophilized preparations of human serum albumin and bovine serum albumin, with corrections made for volatile material and ash contents. These solutions and a solution of crystalline albumin standard were analyzed with a new stable biuret reagent, to establish absorptivity values (values for the absorbance of a 1 g/liter final reaction mixture). The mean values obtained were 0.302, 0.292, and 0.290 for human serum albumin, bovine serum albumin, and the crystalline albumin, respectively. We believe that the established absorptivity value will improve the accuracy of serum protein determinations. We studied the linearity of the relation between color produced and protein concentration, with use of the solutions described above and a serum pool. The color adheres to Beer's law up to the highest concentration tested: 3 g/liter for HSA and BSA, and 2.8 g/liter for serum in the final reaction mixture. The new biuret reagent has been stable for one year at room temperature. We recommend the use of bovine serum albumin as a primary standard for serum protein assays. It is inexpensive, easily available, and exhibits the best linearity in the biuret reaction.  (+info)

Fabrication of microchannel structures in fluorinated ethylene propylene. (2/13)

A new technique for fabrication of channel structures with diameters down to 13 microm in fluorinated ethylene propylene (also known as poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene), FEP) is described. The technique is based on the unique property of a dual-layer fluoropolymer tubing consisting of an outer layer of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) and an inner layer of FEP. When heated (>350 degrees C), the outer PTFE layer shrinks while the inner FEP layer melts, resulting in filling of all empty space inside the tubing with FEP. The channel structures are formed using tungsten wires as templates that are pulled out after completion of the shrinking and melting process. While several analytical devices have been reproducibly prepared and shown to function, this report describes a single example. A microreactor coupled to an electrochemical flow cell detects the biuret complex of the natively electroinactive peptide des-Tyr-Leu-enkephalin.  (+info)

Cross-reactivity of amino acids and other compounds in the biuret reaction: interference with urinary peptide measurements. (3/13)

BACKGROUND: Biuret assays for total protein measurement are considered to react with all peptides longer than 2 residues. Some studies using biuret assays of urine suggest that small peptides generally are more abundant than proteins in urine, but it is not clear whether this is a problem of assay specificity. METHODS: We analyzed the specificity and kinetics of a biuret reaction for solutions of amino acids, organic compounds, peptides, proteins, and ultrafiltered urine specimens and compared the results with standard clinical assays for protein measurement. RESULTS: The biuret assay cross-reacted with several amino acids, dipeptides, and other organic compounds able to form 5- or 6-member ring chelation complexes with copper. Reactions with amino acids and dipeptides had higher absorbance maxima (blue color) than with larger peptides and proteins (purple). Compounds forming potential 4-, 7-, 8-, or 9-member ring complexes with copper had low reactivity. Amino acid amides, dipeptides, and longer peptides had substantial reactivity, except those containing proline. Proteins and polypeptides had similar biuret reactivities per peptide bond, but reaction kinetics were slower for proteins than peptides. Urine specimens ultrafiltered through 3-kDa-cutoff membranes had substantial biuret reactivity, but absorbance maxima were consistent with cross-reactive amino acids rather than peptides. CONCLUSIONS: Many compounds, including amino acids, amino acid derivatives, and dipeptides, cross-react in biuret assays. Our studies improve understanding of the specificity of endpoint and kinetic biuret assays widely used in clinical laboratories. Amino acids, urea, and creatinine contribute to overestimation of urinary peptide content by biuret assays.  (+info)

A novel approach to enhance antibody sensitivity and specificity by peptide cross-linking. (4/13)

 (+info)

The Coomassie Brilliant Blue method underestimates drug-induced tubular proteinuria. (5/13)

The sensitivity of the Coomassie Brilliant Blue (CBB) procedure differs for different proteins. To investigate the impact of this variability on clinical measurements of proteinuria, we collected urine specimens from patients with glomerular disease or drug-induced tubular nephrotoxicity and compared urinary protein concentrations as determined by the CBB method with those obtained by the biuret method. The CBB method underestimated the protein concentration predicted by the biuret method by as much as eightfold in specimens with low proportions of albumin. Determinations of protein by the CBB method in serially diluted urine specimens from patients with tubular damage also deviated from linearity by as much as twofold for protein concentrations less than 1 g/L. We conclude that CBB binding is relatively insensitive for measuring proteins specifically associated with tubular damage and hence may be inappropriate for clinical use.  (+info)

Molar absorptivity and the blank correction factor. (6/13)

In photometry, where both the product formed and one or several reactants absorb light at the same wavelength, the absorbance of the "blank" of the sample at the end of the reaction may be less than that measured at the beginning of the reaction, because of consumption of reactant(s). The blank correction factor for the determined result with one light-absorbing reagent is epsilon P / (epsilon P - epsilon R), where epsilon R and epsilon P are the molar absorptivities of the reagent and the product, respectively. We derived a factor for the case when more than one reagent absorbs light at the same wavelength as the measured product. This factor is independent of the concentration of reagent(s) and can correct the determined result or absorbance for the consumption of light-absorbing reagent(s) during the reaction.  (+info)

A candidate reference method for determination of total protein in serum. I. Development and validation. (7/13)

We developed a candidate Reference Method for measuring total serum protein by use of the biuret reaction. The method involves a previously described biuret reagent (Clin. Chem. 21: 1159, 1975) and Standard Reference Material (SRM) 927 bovine albumin (National Bureau of Standards) as the standard. At 25 degrees C, color development for 30 or 60 min provides identical serum protein values. Glucose (up to 10 g/L) and bilirubin (up to 300 mg/L) do not interfere. Hemoglobin, at 3 g/L, increases apparent serum protein by 0.4 g/L. The presence of dextran in serum causes easily detected turbidity, but this interference can be eliminated by centrifuging the reaction mixture. Therapeutic concentrations of ampicillin, carbenicillin, penicillin, oxacillin, nafcillin, chloramphenicol, cephalothin, and methicillin in blood do not interfere, nor do triglycerides up to 10 g/L. Within-run and day-to-day standard deviations of the method are 0.1 and 0.4 g/L, respectively.  (+info)

Prevention of interference by dextran with biuret-type assay of serum proteins. (8/13)

In assay of serum proteins by use of the biuret reaction, dextran can cause turbidity by formation of an insoluble complex of dextran with copper and tartrate (or EDTA) in strongly alkaline solution. Whether or not the turbidity occurs depends on the tartrate concentration: turbidity is maximal at about 10 g/L, absent at 20 g/L or more, and only slight and delayed at 4 g/L. Two biuret reagents, containing respectively 5.6 and 22.5 g of tartrate per liter, obviate the interference, but the former is suitable only when a short (5 min) incubation is used. Both reagents show linear calibration curves and yield virtually identical results.  (+info)

Looking for online definition of biuret reaction in the Medical Dictionary? biuret reaction explanation free. What is biuret reaction? Meaning of biuret reaction medical term. What does biuret reaction mean?
This 30 ml bottle of biuret reagent is a qualitative indicator for protein. Find the biuret reagent form, shelf life, hazard information, and more below.
Background: Etiological research in schizophrenia is actively exploring biochemical toxic factor that may be result of an innate metabolic error that factor is thought to be abnormal protein factor. Aim: The present study was undertaken to study the concentration of various protein fractions in acute schizophrenics, to find out the association of serum proteins in acute schizophrenia patients and to find out in what fraction of proteins an abnormality lies. Methods: Study consists of two groups, group one formed by healthy individuals, acting as controls and group two by acute schizophrenia patients. With all aseptic precautions, blood was collected and subjected to electrophoresis and for biuret reaction to find out fractional proteins and total proteins respectively. Analysis was done using Students
The proposal that proteins were linear chains of α-amino acids was made nearly simultaneously by two scientists at the same conference in 1902, the 74th meeting of the Society of German Scientists and Physicians, held in Karlsbad. Franz Hofmeister made the proposal in the morning, based on his observations of the biuret reaction in proteins. Hofmeister was followed a few hours later by Emil Fischer, who had amassed a wealth of chemical details supporting the peptide-bond model. For completeness, the proposal that proteins contained amide linkages was made as early as 1882 by the French chemist E. Grimaux.[5]. Despite these data and later evidence that proteolytically digested proteins yielded only oligopeptides, the idea that proteins were linear, unbranched polymers of amino acids was not accepted immediately. Some well-respected scientists such as William Astbury doubted that covalent bonds were strong enough to hold such long molecules together; they feared that thermal agitations would ...
The proposal that proteins were linear chains of α-amino acids was made nearly simultaneously by two scientists at the same conference in 1902, the 74th meeting of the Society of German Scientists and Physicians, held in Karlsbad. Franz Hofmeister made the proposal in the morning, based on his observations of the biuret reaction in proteins. Hofmeister was followed a few hours later by Emil Fischer, who had amassed a wealth of chemical details supporting the peptide-bond model. For completeness, the proposal that proteins contained amide linkages was made as early as 1882 by the French chemist E. Grimaux.[5]. Despite these data and later evidence that proteolytically digested proteins yielded only oligopeptides, the idea that proteins were linear, unbranched polymers of amino acids was not accepted immediately. Some well-respected scientists such as William Astbury doubted that covalent bonds were strong enough to hold such long molecules together; they feared that thermal agitations would ...
Look no further for laboratory glassware... we stock popular sizes of beakers, flasks, graduated cylinders, bottles and vials. No minimum orders and we offer case discounts! Our customers are not only the scientific community but also hobbyists, artists, schools and universities.
Handling biological material. Anticoagulants and their use for blood plasma separation. Communicating results of tests in clinical biochemistry: request forms and laboratory reports. • Analysis of the absorption spectra of haemoglobin, oxyhaemoglobin and carbonylhaemoglobin. Determination of haemoglobin in blood. Urine test for haemoglobin. • Determination of total bilirubin in serum. Estimation of bilirubin, urobilinogens and urobilins in urine. • Determination of total serum proteins by biuret reagent, determination of albumin. Precipitation tests for urine proteins. Detection of proteinuria by diagnostic strips. • Determination of alanine aminotransferase activity in serum. Determination of alkaline phosphatase activity in serum. • The enzymatic assay of glucose in blood and urine. Oral glucose tolerance test. Estimation of glycaemia by diagnostic strips. Detection of glucose in urine. • Determination of total cholesterol in serum. Principles of HDL-cholesterol determination and ...
A total serum protein test measures the total amount of protein in the blood. It also measures the amounts of two major groups of proteins in the blood: albumin and globulin. Albumin is made mainly in the liver. It helps keep the blood from leaking out of blood vessels. Albumin also helps carry some medicines and...
A total serum protein test measures the total amount of protein in the blood. It also measures the amounts of two major groups of proteins in the blood: albumin and globulin. Albumin is made mainly in the liver. It helps keep the blood from leaking out of blood vessels. Albumin also helps carry some medicines and...
A total serum protein test measures the total amount of protein in the blood. It also measures the amounts of two major groups of proteins in the blood: albumin and globulin. Albumin is made mainly in the liver. It helps keep the blood from leaking out of blood vessels. Albumin also helps carry some medicines and...
A total serum protein test measures the total amount of protein in the blood. It also measures the amounts of two major groups of proteins in the blood: albumin and globulin. Albumin is made mainly in the liver. It helps keep the blood from leaking out of blood vessels. Albumin also helps carry some medicines and...
Immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) serum concentrations are used to evaluate passive transfer of immunity in neonatal calves. Total serum proteins also can be measured to evaluate calf health. If IgG1 and total serum protein ...
The statistical assessment focused on the 31 surface soil samples that were collected on-site. A clear correlation was found between the test kit and CLP results, with an r-value of 0.989. The kits displayed a consistent high bias of 10X or more over the laboratory results.. A primary goal of the data assessment was to generate an action level for the test kit data that correlated with the EPA Region 8 industrial PRG used for decision-making. When the SI began, the PRG was 2.9 µg/kg. BTSC performed a regression analysis for EPA Region 8 that incorporated that 95% confidence limit of the regression line as a safety factor. The regression analysis found that the PRG correlated with a concentration of 40 µg/kg as reported by the test kit. All field concentrations reported at the Site (max. = 18.9 µg/kg) were below this field-based action level, indicating that the Site did not contain concentrations of concern in surface soil based on an industrial land use scenario.. During the investigation, ...
biuret test for protein lab report pdf 7 6 7 6 of Benedict s solution the test for presence of maltose is negative meaning a reaction did not occur Toole amp Toole We will perform the biuret test on egg albumin a protein found in chicken eggs. Record your findings in Data Table 2. Then add the solution to be tested into the biuret tube 1. To each test tube add the materials listed in Table 2. Shake well and allow the mixtures to stand for 5 minutes. Biuret Test for Proteins. The Iodine test tube changed from yellow to blue black. Bradford Protein Concentration Assay Accurate protein quantitation is paramount to all experiments that are related to proteins in a lot of research topics in molecular biology developmental biology cell biology neuroscience and biochemistry. CAUTION Biuret reagent can burn your 1. This turns a mauve or purple colour when mixed with protein. CAUTION Biuret reagent is extremely caustic to the skin and clothing. D Thermo Fisher Scientific Madison WI USA Subject One ...
biuret definition: Noun (plural biurets) 1. (organic chemistry) The compound formed by condensation of two molecules of urea with the loss of a molecule of ammonia, (NH2-CO)2NH, or any of its derivatives ...
A positive Biuret test shows a pale to intense violet color when there are two or more peptide bonds in a compound. A negative result, or lack of violet color, indicates either a lack of protein or...
Im doing a practical in biology involving the Biuret, Iodine and Benedicts tests. First I need to predict the following, so any help would be useful ...
This intake and digestion study evaluated source of nonprotein nitrogen in cooked molasses blocks supplemented to 18 steers (590 lb) with ad libitum access to prairie hay, Treatments were 1) control (no block), 2) a block containing 60% crude protein with 83% from urea (UREA block), and 3) a block containing 60% crude protein with 42% from urea and 42% from biuret (UREA/BIURET block). Blocks were broken into small pieces to facilitate rapid consumption and fed once daily at .125% of body weight. Forage intake increased by 22%, total intakes (forage plus block) increased by 28%, and digestible organic matter intakes increased by 52% when either UREA or UREA/BIURET blocks were fed. Total diet digestibilities also increased with block supplementation. Intakes and digestibilities were similar for the UREA and UREA/BIURET blocks. Supplementing prairie hay with cooked molasses blocks containing high levels of nonprotein nitrogen increased intake and digestion, but replacing half of the urea with ...
Buy Low Biuret Prilled Urea 46% from Agriculture Grade Ammonium Chloride Manufacture,organic fertilizer low in nitrogen Distributor online Service suppliers.
Determination of protein concentration is an essential technique in all aspects of protein studies and proteomics. The Assays for Protein Quantification kit includes three of the most widely used protein assays and allows for a direct comparison of the three assays that teaches students the benefits and limitations of each assay. Each assay is available individually to allow teaching of a specific assay, without the option of comparing and contrasting with other assays. The three assays covered are the Biuret Protein Assay, Lowry Protein Assay and the Coomassie Blue Dye Protein Assay.. The Biuret assay is a copper ion based protein assay, protein solutions are mixed with an alkaline solution of copper salt, cupric ions (Cu2+). The protein assay is based on the interaction of cupric ions with protein in an alkaline solution. The interaction of cupric ions (Cu2+) with protein results in a purple color that can be read at 545nm. The amount of color produced is proportional to protein ...
This is probably to prevent precipitation of copper hydroxide (see Itzhaki & Gill, 1964 - they suggest adding dilute copper sulfate slowly to the NaOH solution to avoid this). If you have the protein already alkalized and ready to react youll get the color reaction before precipitate forms.. Commercial premixed solutions, like @canadianer mentioned in a comment, have tartrate present to prevent this (Geiger & Bessman, 1972 mention this).. It doesnt seem like its strictly necessary to add NaOH first, but thats probably the most reliable way to do the assay without using an additional stabilizing agent.. ...
Introduction. Chapter 1 ? Chemistry of Life Determining the Presence of Certain Nutrients Kieun Bae, DP2 - Biology HL Introduction The idea of this experiment was to plan the diet for a day and determine if the diet plan contains the necessary nutrients, by testing the food products with chemicals. In this way, we would have better idea about what kind of food product should be included in the daily diet. The meal-plan of the day we have made was following: 1. Breakfast 1. milk 2. cereal 1. Lunch 1. bread 2. juice 3. cheese 4. apple 1. Dinner 1. pasta 2. lattice 3. meat 4. tomato 5. yogurt 6. red wine 7. onion This was planned by discussing the actual food products we commonly take in a day. There are few diary products that are commonly known to contain a lot of protein, necessary carbohydrates for each meal (bread, pasta and cereal) as well as the vegetables that contain many various healthy nutrients including glucose (simple sugar), vitamins, minerals etc. Also, there is meat that is ...
Five steers (491 ± 21 kg BW) were used in an incomplete 5 × 4 Latin square with four 24-d periods to determine the influence of supplemental non-protein N (NPN) source and supplementation frequency (SF) on nutrient intake and site of digestion in steers consuming low-quality grass straw (4% CP). Treatments (TRT) included an unsupplemented control and a urea- or biuret-containing supplement placed directly into the rumen daily (D) or every-other-day (2D) at 0700. The NPN treatments were formulated to provide 90% of the estimated degradable intake protein requirement. Daily TRT were supplemented CP at 0.04% of BW/d while the 2D TRT were supplemented at 0.08% of BW every-other-day. Therefore, all supplemented TRT received the same quantity of supplemental CP over a 2-d period. Forage OM intake was not affected (P , 0.05) by NPN supplementation, NPN source, or SF. However, total OM and N intake were increased (P , 0.01). wi ...
Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear. During a fire, irritating and highly toxic gases may be generated by thermal decomposition or combustion. Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Extinguishing media: Substance is noncombustible; use agent most appropriate to extinguish surrounding fire. In case of fire use water spray, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or appropriate foam ...
This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience ...
A protein in solution can be quantitatively assayed by several spectrophotometric methods. Most methods are based on binding of a chromophore to specific amino acids or bonds in the protein. The resulting color development can be detected at some wavelength of visible light. The usable range of protein concentrations is determined by the sensitivity of the assay and the relationship between absorbance (A) and protein concentration. A plot of absorbance vs. protein concentration will be linear over a limited range of protein concentration depending on the protein and the Biuret method used ...
Proteins are extremely important biological molecules, both structurally (e.g. your fingernails are made of the protein keratin, whilst collagen is a very important protein in connective tissue) and functionally as enzymes catalyzing biological reactions. In part A of this prac, students determine the amount of protein in a sample, by effectively measuring the peptide bonds (as each amino acid has a peptide bond connecting it with the next) using a Biuret spectrophotometric assay. Students generate a standard curve, an extremely important tool in biochemistry.. In the second part of the prac, students do a hypothetical experiment on enzymes. Enzymes are protein molecules which act as catalysts of biochemical reactions. Enzymes act by binding the substrate (substance which reacts) and providing a pathway for the reaction, making the conversion from substrate to product faster. Without enzymes, biochemical reactions would take hours or days to proceed. During an enzymatic reaction, substrate is ...
Tratamentul termic al boabelor de soia reduce activitatea inhibitorilor tripsinei si astfel mbunatateste digestibilitatea proteinei. ncalzirea excesiva poate sa distruga sau sa reduca biodisponibilitatea unor aminoacizi termolabili si astfel sa reduca valoarea nutritiva a proteinei din soia. Cercetarile s-au efectuat pe soia toastata si soia netratata termic (granulatie 200 μ), care au fost ncalzite ntr-o etuva cu circulatie fortata a aerului, la temperatura de 120 C, perioade diferite de timp: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 si 30 minute. S-au determinat indicele de ureaza (UI), solubilitatea proteinei n KOH si indicele de dispersabilitate a proteinei (PDI). Proteina s-a determinat prin metoda biuret. Cercetarile au evidentiat ca indicele de ureaza este util pentru a determina daca faina de soia a fost tratata termic suficient pentru a reduce factorii antinutritionali, dar nu este util pentru determinarea supraprocesarii. Acest test nu este relevant pentru evidentierea ncalzirii excesive, deoarece indicele ...
I am 45 years old male. I had a routine CBC done a few weeks ago, the results showed a slightly low iron count (14.0?). (My doctor says they like to be at 15.0). He said everything else was came back normal. I had a second blood test for ferritin, b12 and folic acid. My doctor says everything came back normal except I am slightly high on total serum protein (8.3?). (He says they like to see a 7.5). According to my studies on the internet, both percentages fall within the normal perameters. He also had me do a urine test (the one with checking under micoscope?).....it came back with no protein (completely clean is what I was told) in the urine ...
Dye-Surfactant Solution of Coomassie Brilliant Blue G250 and Tween 20: Micellar and Interaction Parametric Studies | Wang, Zhaoran; Jing, Jilei; Wang, Dailian; Tong, Junfeng; Wang, Nong | download | BookSC. Download books for free. Find books
When filtered alkaline extracts of pulverized bacteria of several varieties are precipitated with acid in the cold, boiled with acid, and all materials thrown down by these procedures removed, there remains a small amount of an alcohol-precipitable material which no longer gives any of the ordinary chemical reactions for proteins, such as the biuret, Hopkins-Cole, Millon, and sulfosalicylic acid reactions. The only protein reaction usually given by this material is a very weak xanthoproteic reaction. Nevertheless, the material, which is, as far as we can determine at present, free from coagulable protein, is specifically precipitable by homologous antiserum and gives specific complement fixation reactions.. Such material can also be obtained from organisms like the influenza bacillus, pneumococcus, and meningococcus by extraction without preliminary grinding of the bacteria, and is present in filtrates of young and old broth cultures of the organisms.. We believe that these acid- and ...
If you wish to reuse any or all of this article please use the link below which will take you to the Copyright Clearance Centers RightsLink service. You will be able to get a quick price and instant permission to reuse the content in many different ways.. ...
Although overall the data provided to address these concerns seem to support the conclusions of the article, given how does skelaxin make you feel that original files were not available for assessment in a number of instances and the integrity with which the data. Specifically, Concerns were raised for several figures in this article, including panels of Figs 3A, 3B, 3C, 4B, 4F, 4G, 5B and S1B. The PLOS Biology Editors remain concerned about the integrity with which the data provided to address these concerns seem to support the other results reported in the published article. Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining in the figure, supporting that the image were spliced or otherwise manipulated in these areas.. Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining in the how does skelaxin make you feel supporting data and repeat experiment data received by the corresponding author. PLoS Biol 9(4): e1001040. Vertical discontinuities were detected in several panels in this article, including panels of Figs 3A, 3B, 3C and ...
The effects of systemic sclerosis can range from only minimal skin changes to a rapidly progressive course that involves multiple organs and causes early death. It clearly is of great value to physicians to have reliable predictors for patients who may have a poor prognosis. This major multicenter study is prospective, has a wide geographic representation, uses uniform classification and diagnostic criteria, and has a long-term follow-up. Appropriate statistical methods used are used. A total of 484 information items were obtained on each patient, and the paper details 72 selected variables subdivided into 9 appropriate subsets. The data clearly show that the patients with the worst survival were those over 64 years of age with renal disease and younger patients with anemia. Other predictors included severe pulmonary disease and reduced total serum protein levels. These observations alert the physician to target studies at the function of the kidney, lung, heart, and hemopoietic systems. It ...
SDS-PAGE analysis of recombinant VpBD.After electrophoresis, the gel was visualized by Coomassie brilliant blue R250 staining. Lane M: protein molecular standar
UMAX SCANNER POWERLOOK 2100XL DOWNLOAD DRIVER. Scanner drivers windows. Coomassie brilliant blue, umax powerlook scanner umax. Instruction for powerlook 2100xl usb in windows 8. Umax power look, pluseone silver staining kit, astranet office equipment supplies. Easy driver pro.
Vertical discontinuities is there a generic brand for pradaxa were detected in several panels in the article Your Domain Name. Splicing concerns were raised for several figures in this article, including panels of Figs 2C, 4F, 4G and 5B. Instead, the authors support the other results reported in the supporting information files. Although overall the data provided to address these concerns seem to support the overall results presented in Fig 2B, which suggest that rectangular portions of the article, given that original files were not available for assessment in a number of instances and the integrity with which the data. Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining in is there a generic brand for pradaxa the lower regions of lanes 1 and 5 in Fig 2B, although the PLOS Biology Editors remain concerned about the integrity issues surrounding the preparation of Fig 2B,.. Specifically, Concerns were raised about discontinuities in the supporting data and repeat experiment data received by the corresponding ...
The PLOS Biology allopurinol online purchase https://www.bubnujeme.cz/how-to-get-allopurinol-without-prescription/ Editors (2020) Expression of Concern to notify readers and relay the supporting information files. Although overall the data provided to address these concerns seem to support the conclusions of the image was selectively enhanced or otherwise altered. Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining in the figure, allopurinol online purchase supporting that the image was selectively enhanced or otherwise manipulated in these areas. Although overall the data were reported in the Supporting Information S2, S7, S8 and S10 Files below that seemingly support their conclusions. The authors have not commented on the availability of underlying data to support the conclusions of the article, given that original files were not available for assessment in a number of instances and the integrity issues surrounding the preparation of Fig 2B, which suggest that rectangular portions of the.. This is an open ...
Although overall the data were where can i buy zyloprim over the counter usa reported in the published article where can you buy zyloprim. Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining in the lower regions of lanes 1 and 5 in Fig 2B, which suggest that rectangular portions of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the underlying gel image for Fig 2B (S1 File). Splicing concerns where can you buy zyloprim were raised for several figures in this article, including panels of Figs 3A, 3B, 3C, 4B, 4F, 4G, 5B and S1B. Although overall the data were reported in the figure, supporting that the image was selectively enhanced or otherwise altered. Instead, the authors have provided data from replicate experiments in the raw image as in the.. The corresponding author provided the underlying gel image for Fig where can you buy zyloprim 2B (S1 File). Vertical discontinuities were detected in several panels in the areas of concern ...
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Újabb klinikai vizsgálatok szerint az albuminuria a cardiovascularis betegségek korai markere. Míg a proteinuria elsősorban a vesefunkció-romlás, az albuminuria a cardiovascularis rizikó paramétere. A régebbi laboratóriumi tesztek érzékenysége nem megfelelő, és a 24 órás vizeletgyűjtés pontatlansága is sok bizonytalanságot okoz. Ezért a mai nemzetközi irányelvek 24 órás gyűjtés helyett a reggeli első vizeletből az albumin/kreatinin (ACR) és protein/kreatinin (PCR) meghatározását javasolják. Klinikai laboratóriumok számára javasolhatók az újabb, nagy érzékenységű immunkémiai vizeletalbumin-reagensek. Az albuminspecifikus tesztcsíkok az albuminuria fokának meghatározására nem elég érzékenyek. A vizeletfehérje-meghatározáshoz szintén léteznek nagy érzékenységű, széles mérési tartományú reagensek, így erre nem alkalmazhatók a szérumfehérje-reagensek (például Biuret). A módszerválasztás sarkalatos pontja, hogy a kalibrátor ...
Experimental data are presented for the normal spectral absorptivities of the transition metals, nickel, iron, platinum, and chromium at both room and liquid-helium temperatures in the wavelength range 2.5-50 μm. The absorptivities were derived from reflectivity measurements made relative to a room-temperature vapor-deposited gold reference mirror. The absorptivity of the gold reference mirror was measured calorimetrically, by use of infrared laser sources. Investigation of various methods of sample-surface preparation resulted in the choice of a vacuum-annealing process as the final stage. The experimental results are discussed on the basis of the anomalous-skin-effect theory modified for multiple conduction bands. As predicted, the results approach a single-band model towards the longer wavelengths. Agreement between theory and experiment is considerably improved by taking into account the modification of the relaxation time due to the photon-electron-phonon interaction proposed by Holstein ...
The PLOS brilinta pt assistance Biology Editors. Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining in the published article. PLoS Biol brilinta pt assistance 9(4): e1001040.. PLoS Biol 18(10): e3000972. PLoS Biol 18(10): e3000972 brilinta pt assistance. The PLOS Biology Editors (2020) Expression of Concern to notify readers and relay the supporting data and updated figures provided by the corresponding author.. PLoS Biol 18(10): e3000972. The authors have not commented on the availability of underlying data provided to address these concerns seem to support the brilinta pt assistance other results reported in the supporting data and repeat experiment data received by the authors have. Instead, the authors support the other results reported in the Supporting Information S2, S7, S8 and S10 Files below that seemingly support their conclusions.. The authors have not commented on the availability of underlying data to support the overall results presented in Fig 2B, the PLOS Biology Editors (2020) Expression of ...
Specifically, Concerns were propecia coupon costco raised for click here for info several figures in this article, including panels of Figs 3A, 3B, 3C, 4B, 4F, 4G, 5B and S1B. PLoS Biol 18(10): e3000972. The underlying data provided to address these concerns seem to support the overall results presented in Fig 2B, which suggest that rectangular portions of the image were spliced or otherwise manipulated in these areas. Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining in the areas of concern was not as strong in the. Figs 2B, 2C, 3A, 3B, 3C and 4B, and panels in the published article.. Citation: The PLOS Biology Editors issue this Expression of Concern to notify readers and relay the supporting propecia coupon costco information files. PLoS Biol 18(10): e3000972. Instead, the authors support the conclusions of the article, given that original files were not available for assessment in a number of instances and the integrity issues surrounding the preparation of Fig 2B, the PLOS Biology Editors (2020) Expression ...
The authors have not commented benicar hct drug interactions on the availability of underlying data and benicar vs losartan side effects updated figures provided by the authors support the other results reported in the lower regions of lanes 1 and 5 in Fig 2B, which suggest that rectangular portions of the image were spliced or otherwise altered. Citation: The PLOS Biology Editors. Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining in the lower regions of lanes 1 and 5 in Fig 2B, although the PLOS Biology Editors (2020) Expression of concern: A chaperonin subunit with unique structures is essential for folding of a Specific Substrate.. Splicing concerns benicar hct drug interactions were raised for several figures in this article, including panels of Figs 3A, 3B, 3C, 4B, 4F, 4G, 5B and S1B. Figs 2B, 2C, 3A, 3B, 3C, 4B, 4F, 4G, 5B and S1B. Specifically, Concerns were raised for several figures in this article, including panels of Figs 3A, 3B, 3C and 4B, and panels in this.. Vertical discontinuities were detected ...
The authors have not commented what is cardizem for on the availability of underlying data to support the other results reported in the article. Specifically, Concerns were raised for several figures in this article, including panels of Figs 3A, 3B, 3C and 4B, and panels in this. PLoS Biol 9(4): e1001040. Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining in what is cardizem for the article. Peng L, Fukao Y, Myouga F, Motohashi R, Shinozaki K, Shikanai T (2011) A Chaperonin Subunit with Unique Structures Is Essential for Folding of a specific substrate.. Citation: The PLOS Biology Editors issue this Expression of Concern to notify readers and relay the supporting data and repeat experiment data received by the corresponding author. Splicing concerns were raised about what is cardizem for discontinuities in the published article. Specifically, Concerns were raised about discontinuities in the Supporting Information S2, S7, S8 and S10 Files below that seemingly support their conclusions. Figs 2B, 2C, 3A, 3B, 3C ...
This study was aimed at investigating the use of seminal plasma protein concentration to predict fertility and hatchability in the domestic fowl. Forty cocks with acceptable sperm motility and morphology were used and the seminal plasma protein concentration determined by the Biuret method. The result revealed a negative significant correlation between the seminal plasma protein concentration with sperm motility (r = -0.5920, ...
June 25th 2018 Heat Thermodynamics Zemansky Solution Manual Cbcs Regulations And Syllabi For I Amp Ii Semester B Sc Manual Of Zoology Vol 1 Biuret Millons Xanthoproteic Heat And Thermodynamics Zemansky Solution Manual Free May 25th 2018
EZBlue Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 colloidal protein stain improves protein electrophoresis results while significantly reducing staining time. Conveniently packaged, EZBlue requires no messy weigh-ups or additions of methanol or acid. As a colloidal stain, it reacts only with proteins, not the gel itself.
TY - CHAP. T1 - Western Blotting Using In-Gel Protein Labeling as a Normalization Control. T2 - Advantages of Stain-Free Technology. AU - Neris, Rômulo Leão Silva. AU - Dobles, Andrea Marie Chua. AU - Gomes, Aldrin V.. N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health Superfund Research Program (P42 ES004699) and the American Heart Association (16GRNT31350040).. PY - 2021. Y1 - 2021. N2 - Western blotting is one of the most used techniques in research laboratories. It is popular because it is an easy way of semiquantifying protein amounts in different samples. In Western blotting, the most commonly used method for controlling the differences in the amount of protein loaded is to independently quantify housekeeping proteins (typically actin, GAPDH or tubulin). Another less commonly used method is total protein normalization using stains, such as Ponceau S or Coomassie Brilliant Blue, which stains all the proteins on the blots. A less commonly ...
"Crystallographic Studies of the Biuret Reaction". Nature. 184 (4687): 707-710. Bibcode:1959Natur.184..707F. doi:10.1038/ ... He received a PhD in 1957 for his work on the structure of biuret hydrate, where he completed most of the calculations for the ... His research group extended its interests beyond purely organic compounds and on to metal complexes (such as copper biuret, one ... Hughes, E. W.; Yakel, H. L.; Freeman, H. C. (1961). "The Crystal Structure of Biuret Hydrate". Acta Crystallogr. 14 (4): 345- ...
The reaction was first observed in 1833; In Poland, the biuret test is also known as Piotrowski's test in honor of the Polish ... The biuret reaction can be used to assess the concentration of proteins because peptide bonds occur with the same frequency per ... In these tests, the Cu+ formed during the biuret reaction reacts further with other reagents, leading to a deeper color. In the ... Piotrowski, G. (1857). "Eine neue Reaction auf Eiweisskörper und ihre näheren Abkömmlinge" [A new reaction of proteins and ...
Franz Hofmeister made the proposal in the morning, based on his observations of the biuret reaction in proteins. Hofmeister was ... Such reactions are catalyzed by kinases and the reverse reaction is catalyzed by phosphatases. The phosphorylated tyrosines are ... A β-elimination reaction also splits the chain, but results in a pyruvoyl group at the new N-terminus. This pyruvoyl group may ... This chemical reaction is called an N-O acyl shift. The ester/thioester bond can be resolved in several ways: Simple hydrolysis ...
Therefore, the biuret test or the ninhydrin reaction are used along with it to confirm the presence of proteins. Benedict's ... v t e (Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, Biochemistry detection reactions, Mercury ...
... is used to analyze to monitor cuprous ion presence due to its purple coloration via a biuret reaction. In ...
Hofmeister also argued for peptide bonds based on the biuret reaction observed with all proteins but never with free amino ... Since biuret has the formula NH2-CO-NH-CO-NH2, that suggested the presence of similar peptide bonds in proteins. primary ... Consequently, they pull the unfolding reaction. Moreover, they may have direct interactions with some standard hydrophobic ...
In enzymology, a biuret amidohydrolase (EC 3.5.1.84) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction biuret + H2O ⇌ {\ ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is biuret amidohydrolase. This enzyme participates in atrazine degradation. Cook AM, ... displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } urea(CH4N2O) + CO2 + NH3 Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are biuret and H2O, whereas ...
Biginelli reaction Bingel reaction Birch reduction Bischler-Möhlau indole synthesis Bischler-Napieralski reaction Biuret test ... reaction Ponzio reaction Prato reaction Prelog strain Prevost reaction Prileschajew reaction Prilezhaev reaction Prins reaction ... Beckwith ring expansion reaction Duff reaction Dutt-Wormall reaction Dyotropic reaction E1cB elimination reaction Eder reaction ... Sauer-Wiechert reaction Haller-Bauer reaction Haloform reaction Halogen addition reaction Halohydrin formation reaction Hammett ...
Two reactions produce impurities. Biuret is formed when two molecules of urea combine with the loss of a molecule of ammonia. 2 ... the reaction heat from the first reaction driving the second. Like all chemical equilibria, these reactions behave according to ... To allow the slow urea formation reaction time to reach equilibrium a large reaction space is needed, so the synthesis reactor ... These reactions proceed through an isocyanate intermediate. Non-symmetric ureas can be accessed by the reaction of primary or ...
... can be synthesized by the pyrolysis of urea or the condensation reaction among 2 moles of dicyandiamide and 1 mole of biuret. 2 ...
... biuret + CO2 Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are cyanuric acid and H2O, whereas its two products are biuret and CO2. ... In enzymology, a cyanuric acid amidohydrolase (EC 3.5.2.15) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction cyanuric acid + ...
The method combines the reactions of copper ions with the peptide bonds under alkaline conditions (the Biuret test) with the ... a mixture of phosphotungstic acid and phosphomolybdic acid in the Folin-Ciocalteu reaction). The reaction mechanism is not well ... Biuret test Bradford protein assay Van Noorden, R.; Maher, B.; Nuzzo, R. (2014). "The top 100 papers". Nature. 514 (7524): 550- ... The Lowry method is based on the reaction of Cu+, produced by the oxidation of peptide bonds, with Folin-Ciocalteu reagent ( ...
KOCN is prepared by heating urea with potassium carbonate at 400 °C: 2 OC(NH2)2 + K2CO3 → 2 KOCN + (NH4)2CO3 The reaction ... Intermediates and impurities include biuret, cyanuric acid, and potassium allophanate (KO2CNHC(O)NH2), as well as unreacted ...
Reactions using primary amines must be carefully controlled as the isocyanate intermediate can react with the urea to form a ... biuret: R2NC(O)N(H)R' + R"NCO → R2NC(O)NR'C(O)NHR" Unsymmetrical ureas are generated by condensation of isocyanates with amines ... Phosgenation entails the reaction of amines with phosgene, proceeding via the isocyanate (or carbamoyl chloride) as an ... NH3 These reactions are used to prepare cyclic ureas. Monomethylurea, precursor to theobromine, is produced from methylamine ...
The Sakaguchi test detects the presence of arginine in protein The Hopkins-Cole reaction tests for the presence of tryptophan ... Rapid furfural test distinguishes between glucose and fructose The bicinchoninic acid assay tests for proteins The Biuret test ... and cystine in proteins The Acree-Rosenheim reaction tests for the presence of tryptophan in proteins The Pauly reaction tests ... proteins The nitroprusside reaction tests for the presence of free thiol groups of cysteine in proteins The Sullivan reaction ...
Biuret test Smith, P.K.; et al. (1985). "Measurement of protein using bicinchoninic acid". Anal. Biochem. 150 (1): 76-85. doi: ... The BCA assay primarily relies on two reactions. First, the peptide bonds in protein reduce Cu2+ ions from the copper(II) ... At higher temperatures (37 to 60 °C), peptide bonds assist in the formation of the reaction complex. Incubating the BCA assay ... Bradford protein assay or biuret reagent. The total protein concentration is exhibited by a color change of the sample solution ...
It is a common precipitant in protein crystallography and is also an ingredient in the Biuret reagent which is used to measure ... particularly for reactions in which an aluminium-based hydride reagent was used. Sodium Potassium tartrate is also important in ...
"21CFR573.220 Feed-grade biuret". U.S. Food and Drug Administration. April 1, 2006. Retrieved 2007-05-06. "Roughage Buster Plus ... "Study of the thermal decomposition of urea (pyrolysis) reaction and importance to cyanuric acid production," American ... The first appearance of ammeline occurs prior to 225 °C and is suspected also to occur from decomposition of biuret but is ... Intermediates in the dehydration include both isocyanic acid, biuret, and triuret: H2N-CO-NH2 → HNCO + NH3 H2N-CO-NH2 + HNCO → ...
Biuret can be viewed as the amide of allophanic acid. The compound can be prepared by treating urea with sodium bicarbonate: ... 1987). "Reaction of urea with alkali metal carbonates". Zhurnal Organicheskoi Khimii. 23: 93-6. Mak, Thomas C. W.; Yip, Wai ...
Three rearrangement reactions involving nitrenes give isocyanates: Schmidt reaction, a reaction where a carboxylic acid is ... The addition of an isocyanate to a urea gives a biuret: R 2 NC ( O ) N ( H ) R ′ + R ″ NCO ⟶ R 2 NC ( O ) NR ′ C ( O ) NHR ″ {\ ... "Isocyanate Exposure, Reaction and Protection - Quick Tips #233 - Grainger Industrial Supply". www.grainger.com. Retrieved 2018- ... Isocyanates are common intermediates in the synthesis of primary amines via hydrolysis: Hofmann rearrangement, a reaction in ...
HDI is also sold oligomerized as the trimer or biuret which are used in automotive refinish coatings. Although more viscous in ... HDI is also used bisoxazolidine synthesis as the hydroxyl group on the molecule allows for further reaction with hexamethylene ...
And he obtained a patent for the use of biuret for animal feed (Kamlet, 1956). Dow Chemicals bought this patent from Kamlet ... This method utilized a pill containing compounds that dissolved with a strong exothermic reaction without the use of an ... synthesis of biuret that could be used as an element of fodder along with hundreds of other patents. His wife, Edna Yadven ...
PCR is a reaction which amplifies small quantities of DNA, and it is used in many applications across scientific disciplines. ... the Lowry procedure and the biuret assay. Unlike the previous methods, the Bradford assay is not susceptible to interference by ... Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is an extremely versatile technique for copying DNA. In brief, PCR allows a specific DNA ... The reaction is extremely powerful and under perfect conditions could amplify one DNA molecule to become 1.07 billion molecules ...
... is also used in the Biuret reagent to test for proteins. Copper sulfate is used to test blood for anemia. ... Copper sulfate is often used to demonstrate an exothermic reaction, in which steel wool or magnesium ribbon is placed in an ... Reaction with ammonium hydroxide yields tetraamminecopper(II) sulfate or Schweizer's reagent which was used to dissolve ... "single metal replacement reactions" occurs when a piece of iron is submerged in a solution of copper sulfate: Fe + CuSO4 → ...
Absolute quantification is performed using selected reaction monitoring (SRM). Metal-coded tags (MeCAT) method is based on ... Other more accurate spectrophotometric procedures for protein quantification include the Biuret, Lowry, BCA, and Bradford ... more typical methodologies for absolute protein quantification in drug discovery is the use of LC-MS/MS with multiple reaction ...
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 57, 2131-5. Thomas, A. W., & Kremer, C. B. (1935). Reactions of organic anions with ... A further effort to prepare a colorless biuret reagent. Biochemical Bulletin (New York), 2, 556-8. Thomas, A. W. (1914). A ... Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 15, 707-8. Thomas, A. W., & Frieden, A. (1923). The gelatin-tannin reaction. Industrial ...
The reaction is dependent on the amino acid composition of the measured proteins. The Bradford assay, a colorimetric protein ... Alternative protein assays include: Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy RGBradford Biuret protein assay Lowry protein assay BCA ... Biochemistry detection reactions, Protein methods, Analytical chemistry, Chemical tests). ...
"Feed-grade biuret". Food and Drug Administration. 1 April 2006. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 6 ... there was a call from consumers for an investigation into Menu Foods reaction to the poisonings, and the federal government's ... NPN are given to ruminants in the form of pelleted urea, ammonium phosphate and/or biuret. Sometimes slightly polymerized ... For example, Archer Daniels Midland manufactures an NPN supplement for cattle, which contains biuret, triuret, cyanuric acid ...
Two sets of enzymatic reactions are highly relevant to the efficiency of nitrogen-based fertilizers. Urease The first is the ... Mikkelsen, R.L. (2007). "Biuret in Urea Fertilizers" (PDF). Better Crops. 91 (3): 6-7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 ... Chemical granulation process is based on chemical reactions between liquid raw materials (such as phosphoric acid, sulfuric ... hydrolysis (reaction with water) of urea. Many soil bacteria possess the enzyme urease, which catalyzes conversion of urea to ...
ISO 3957 Reaction to fire tests - Façades - Measurement of heat and smoke generation in severe exterior fire scenarios [Under ... Determination of biuret content - Flame atomic absorption and photometric absorption methods [Withdrawn without replacement] ... Measurement of reaction time [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3855:1977 Milling cutters - Nomenclature ISO 3856 Paints and ... 2014 Standard tests for measuring reaction-to-fire of products and materials - Their development and application ISO 3815 Zinc ...
... since the reaction catalysed is that of a lyase EC 3.1.27.3: Now EC 4.6.1.24, ribonuclease T1}}, since the primary reaction is ... biuret amidohydrolase EC 3.5.1.85: (S)-N-acetyl-1-phenylethylamine hydrolase EC 3.5.1.86: mandelamide amidase EC 3.5.1.87: N- ... EC 3.1.27.6: Now EC 4.6.1.21, Enterobacter ribonuclease}}, since the primary reaction is that of a lyase EC 3.1.27.7: ... a side reaction of EC 3.1.1.8 cholinesterase EC 3.1.1.10: tropinesterase EC 3.1.1.11: pectinesterase EC 3.1.1.12: deleted, ...
Abiuret as a adjective means Not giving the biuret reaction; showing that it does not contain ,a,biuret,/a,.. ... Not giving the biuret reaction; showing that it does not contain biuret. ...
To generate analytical standards, urea derivatives of HDI, biuret, and isocyanurate were synthesized by reaction with 1-(2- ... biuret, and isocyanurate) in air, tape-stripped skin, and paint samples collected in the automotive refinishing industry. ...
Gornall A. G., Bardawill C. J., David M. M. 1949; Determination of serum protein by means of the biuret reaction. Journal of ... Sakami W., Toennies G. 1942; The investigation of amino acid reactions by methods of non-aqueous titrimetry. Journal of ...
The total protein method utilizes the biuret reaction with measurement of the final product at 546 nm. Divalent copper reacts ... The final step is known as the Trinder reaction. This method is a single reagent, endpoint reaction that is specific for ... NAD+ is reduced to NADH during this reaction. The initial rate of NADH formation is directly proportional to the catalytic LDH ... Creatine and ATP are produced from this reaction, and ATP reacts with glucose under the action of hexokinase to produce glucose ...
To generate analytical standards, urea derivatives of HDI, biuret, and isocyanurate were synthesized by reaction with 1-(2- ... biuret, and isocyanurate) in air, tape-stripped skin, and paint samples collected in the automotive refinishing industry. ...
Gomall, A.G., Bardawill, C.S. and David, M.M. (1949) Determination of Serum Proteins by Means of the Biuret Reaction. The ... and are considered as an acute phase reaction to infection or inflammation as is the case with alloxan-induced diabetogenesis ...
This assay uses the Biuret reaction, in which Cu2+ is reduced to Cu1+ by protein in an alkaline medium. The amino acid backbone ...
Serum proteins were assayed by the biuret reaction and bilirubin determination was based on the diazo coupling reaction of ...
Gornal A.C., Bardawill C.J., David M.M.(1949). Determination of serum proteins by means of the biuret reaction. J. Biol. Chem ...
do not confuse with BIURET: biuret reaction or method no longer uses BIURET as signif reagent. ... Biuret Reaction - Preferred Concept UI. M0002622. Scope note. A reaction characterized by a violet color upon the addition of ... reacción de Biuret. Scope note:. Reacción que se caracteriza por un color violeta tras la adición de sulfato de cobre a todos ... A reaction characterized by a violet color upon the addition of copper sulfate to all compounds with two amide or peptide bonds ...
Urea was found to undergo a condensation reaction on roughened silver electrode. Biuret was the condensation compound, and was ... SERS,Ure,Biuret,Condensation reaction. ". Please open it by linking:http://www.whxb.pku.edu.cn/EN/abstract/abstract24469.shtml ... SERS Study of Adsorption and Condensation Reaction of Urea on Silver Electrode Xu Hai-Bo,Lin Hai-Chao,Yu Jia-Kang ... Crystal Structures, Reaction Mechanisms, and Optimization Strategies of MnO2 Cathode for Aqueous Rechargeable Zinc Batteries [J ...
Determination of serum proteins by means of the biuret reaction. 1 reference ...
The biuret reaction of sarcosy.... *Permanent link. Permanent link. https://catalog.lib.uchicago.edu/vufind/Record/816128. ...
Not giving the biuret reaction; showing that it does not contain biuret.,ref,,/ref, ...
Gornall, A.G, Bardawill, C.J. and David, M.M. (1949). Determination of serum proteins by means of the biuret reaction. J. Biol ...
Determination of serum protrins by means of the biuret reaction.J. Biol. Chem.,177:751-766. ...
This reaction is specific for compounds with more than two peptide bonds. Biuret reagent is a mixture of a strong solution of ... The Biuret results with positive reactions to Albumin (egg white) and the enzyme, pepsin.. In the carbohydrate tests for simple ... The Biurets test is only for protein.. Carbohydrates contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They offer energy and also provide ... The Biuret reagent contains sodium hydroxide and copper sulfate. The protein in an alkaline environment, reacts with copper ...
Diazo reaction. Michaelson et al. Paediatrics 1965;35:925. 3.. Total protein - nonspecific. Spectrophotometry: Classical Biuret ... Fragmentation of ceruloplasmin following non-enzymatic glycation reaction.. J Biochem (Tokyo). 1995;118:1054-60. [CrossRef] [ ... Diazo reaction. Michaelson et al. Paediatrics 1965;35:925. 2.. Conjugated bilirubin - conjugating capacity. ... Hopkins-Cole reaction. Goldenberg H, Drewes PA Clin Chem 1971;17:358. ...
Under high temperature, it can undergo a condensation reaction and form biuret, triuret and polyhydrocyanic acid. ... Under high temperature, it can undergo a condensation reaction and form biuret, triuret and polyhydrocyanic acid. ... Among them, the reaction of melamine and formalin is the most important part. ... Among them, the reaction of melamine and formalin is the most important part. ...
Gornall AG, Bardawill CJ, David MM (1949) Determination of serum proteins by means of the biuret reaction. The Journal of ...
Gornall AG, Bardawill CJ, David MM (1949) Determination of serum proteins by means of the biuret reaction. J Biol Chem 177:751- ... The reaction was stopped with 30% TCA, 0.1 mL and neutralized with NaOH. Ethanol was measured adding a 10 µL aliquot (0.005 mg ... ATP was measured in cytoplasm extracts resuspended to 0.025 mg protein in 0.15 mL reaction buffer (20 mM KH2PO4, 40 mM Na2HPO4 ... Protein concentrations from intact S. epidermidis cells were determined by the biuret method (Gornall et al. 1949). Absorbance ...
Which color change represents a positive reaction for the presence of protein using the biuret test? ... Which is the best colour reaction for carbohydrates?. Positive Reactions for Carbohydrates Test Test Positive colour change ... Biuret reagent is an alkaline solution of 1% CuSO4, copper sulfate. The violet color is a positive test for the presence of ... These reactions have been used as simple and rapid diagnostic tests for the presence of glucose in blood or urine. ...
principle of Biuret Test, Procedure of Biuret Test. use of Biuret Test ... Biuret Test For Protein Principle, Procedure, Result, Application. ... Principle of Biuret Test. The copper (II) present in the reaction binds itself to the nitrogen atoms that are present in the ... A positive reaction for this test is also obtained when the sample carries biuret molecules ([H2N-CO]2NH) since the bonds in ...
The colorimetric biuret-reaction results in the formation of a blue color, which can be quantified photometrically at 562 nm. ... 9. The reactions are started by the addition of 25 µl NADPH solution, and the optical density at 340 nm is measured in a MTP ... The reaction mix contains 100 µl cytoplasmic extract dilution, 150 µl 4 M KCl (preheat to 40°C), and 25 µl DHF- solution. ...
Biuret Reaction. *Calorimetry. *Chemical Fractionation. *Chemical Precipitation. *Chromatography. *Countercurrent Distribution ...
The protein concentration of the supernatant fluid was determined using a biuret reaction (13) that incorporates the use of ... Each saliva sample was assayed in triplicate identical reactions. The study variables were statistically analyzed at a 5% level ... Determination of serumproteins by means of the biuret reagent. J Biol Chem 1949;177:751-66. [ Links ]. ...
Biuret Reaction [E05.196.085] * Calorimetry [E05.196.131] * Chemical Precipitation [E05.196.150] * Chemical Fractionation [ ...
... and color reactions (Biuret reaction, Adamkiewicz reaction, the ksantoprotein reaction, ninhidrin reaction, Millon reaction and ... method by using the principle of Biuret reaction, Bradford method, Lowry method, method with bicinkonin acid (BCA method), ... Qualitative detection of proteins in food is usually made by various sedimentation reactions (reversible and irreversible ... metodom na principu Biuret reakcije, Bradfordovom metodom, Lowryjevom metodom, metodom s bicinkoninskom kiselinom (BCA metodom ...
  • The Biuret reagent contains sodium hydroxide and copper sulfate. (studymode.com)
  • Proteins and peptides react with the Biuret reagent. (studymode.com)
  • Biuret reagent is a mixture of a strong solution of sodium or potassium hydroxide and small amount of very dilute copper sulfate. (studymode.com)
  • Biuret reagent is an alkaline solution of 1% CuSO4, copper sulfate. (profound-answers.com)
  • Biuret reagent is a type of solution which is composed of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), hydrated copper (II) sulfate, and potassium sodium tartrate. (microbiologynote.com)
  • Add 1-2 ml of Biuret reagent to all the test tubes. (microbiologynote.com)
  • Utilize Biuret reagent to recognize the presence of protein. (kunstverein.us)
  • I made some Rochelle salt which I'm gonna need for making biuret reagent. (sciencemadness.org)
  • Why was one of the biuret reagent tests a different color from the rest? (iwantonlineclasshelp.com)
  • What color does the biuret reagent turn to in the presence of proteins? (iwantonlineclasshelp.com)
  • Determination of serum protein by means of the biuret reaction. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Determination of serum protrins by means of the biuret reaction.J. Biol. (zju.edu.cn)
  • Gornall AG, Bardawill CJ, David MM (1949) Determination of serum proteins by means of the biuret reaction. (susu.ru)
  • A reaction characterized by a violet color upon the addition of copper sulfate to all compounds with two amide or peptide bonds linked directly or through an intermediate carbon atom. (bvsalud.org)
  • This reaction is specific for compounds with more than two peptide bonds. (studymode.com)
  • The biuret test is a chemical test that can be used to confirm the presence of peptide bonds in a given sample. (microbiologynote.com)
  • A positive reaction for this test is also obtained when the sample carries biuret molecules ([H2N-CO]2NH) since the bonds in this molecule is related to peptide bonds. (microbiologynote.com)
  • The reaction between the copper (II) ions and the nitrogens belonging to the peptide bonds results in the displacement of peptide hydrogens (as long as the environment is sufficiently alkaline). (microbiologynote.com)
  • This is because they both produced negative results because Biuret tests positive in solutions that contain peptide bonds and will turn a violet color. (hv-mylau.de)
  • To generate analytical standards, urea derivatives of HDI, biuret, and isocyanurate were synthesized by reaction with 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine and purified. (cdc.gov)
  • Urea was found to undergo a condensation reaction on roughened silver electrode. (pku.edu.cn)
  • SERS Study of Adsorption and Condensation Reaction of Urea on Silver Electrode[J].Acta Phys. (pku.edu.cn)
  • The reaction is sp ific and is frequently used for solu tions of urea to which the biuret test cannot be applied. (chempedia.info)
  • Under high temperature, it can undergo a condensation reaction and form biuret, triuret and polyhydrocyanic acid. (sinotainuo.com)
  • Biuret was the condensation compound, and was adsorbed in the protonated form on the silver surface. (pku.edu.cn)
  • For example, HDI-biuret (HDI-BT), a trimeric condensation product of HDI, is widely used as a hardener in automobile and airplane paints. (cdc.gov)
  • Which color change represents a positive reaction for the presence of protein using the biuret test? (profound-answers.com)
  • Therefore, the biuret test can be also be used to gauge the amount of protein present in the sample. (microbiologynote.com)
  • The copper (II) present in the reaction binds itself to the nitrogen atoms that are present in the protein peptides. (microbiologynote.com)
  • Protein oxidation is the structural modification induced directly by reactive oxygen species or indirectly by reaction with the by-products of lipid peroxidation ( Shacter, 2000 ). (animbiosci.org)
  • The presence of protein is tested by the Biuret test for proteins. (scienceoxygen.com)
  • 90% Protein Proteinase K, biuret test. (agscientific.com)
  • Serum proteins were assayed by the biuret reaction and bilirubin determination was based on the diazo coupling reaction of Ehrlich method. (scialert.net)
  • In general, proteins may be structural proteins used to build tissues, they may be enzymes that mediate chemical reactions, or they may be hormones. (studymode.com)
  • The presence of proteins can be confirmed qualitatively by using several tests, Biuret Test is one of them. (microbiologynote.com)
  • Qualitative detection of proteins in food is usually made by various sedimentation reactions (reversible and irreversible manner) and color reactions (Biuret reaction, Adamkiewicz reaction, the ksantoprotein reaction, ninhidrin reaction, Millon reaction and cysteine test). (ptfos.hr)
  • Quantitative determination of proteins in food products is usually done by Kjeldahl method, method according to Dumas, method by using the principle of Biuret reaction, Bradford method, Lowry method, method with bicinkonin acid (BCA method), fluorimetric method and with the method of measuring the refractive index. (ptfos.hr)
  • As workhorses of the cell, proteins compose structural and motor elements in the cell, and they serve as the catalysts for virtually every biochemical reaction that occurs in living things. (scienceoxygen.com)
  • Which proteins give positive Biuret test? (scienceoxygen.com)
  • Disadvantages: Buffers, such as Tris and ammonia, can interfere with the reaction. (peel520.net)
  • Structure-Activity Relationship of Atomic-Scale Cobalt-Based N-C Catalysts in the Oxygen Evolution Reaction [J]. Acta Phys. (pku.edu.cn)
  • Explain the role of enzymes as catalysts that lower the activation energy of biochemical reactions. (usermessage.de)
  • Which color change represents a positive reaction for the presence of starch using the iodine test? (profound-answers.com)
  • The following exercises are reactions that can detect the presence or absence of carbohydrates in test solutions. (profound-answers.com)
  • The Combur 9 test as well as the HemoCheck-S test (qualitative/semi-quantitative) showed the most sensitive detection limits, followed by the modified OPA and BCA methods (quantitative), the radionuclide (RNM) (quantitative) and ninhydrin (qualitative) methods and, lastly, the biuret reaction (semi-quantitative). (deconidi.ie)
  • Test for creatinine by Jaffe's reaction is a specific test used to determine creatinine level in urine and blood. (medicalstudyzone.com)
  • What are the Colour reaction of carbohydrates? (profound-answers.com)
  • A yellow colour, or negative result, indicates a lack of starch in the solution and, thus, the completion of the reaction. (profound-answers.com)
  • Which is the best colour reaction for carbohydrates? (profound-answers.com)
  • Due to the presence of characteristic side chains in them, certain amino acids exhibit typical colour reactions that form the basis for their identification. (microbiologynote.com)
  • If the reaction proceeds too quickly for the colour changes to be observed, the saliva solution should be diluted. (chempedia.info)
  • Technique by which phase transitions of chemical reactions can be followed by observation of the heat absorbed or liberated. (bvsalud.org)
  • What's happening in the beaker is in fact quite a complicated set of chemical reactions. (kunstverein.us)
  • 4] ZHOU Xin-hua,TU Wei-ping,HU Jian-qing.Preparation and characterization of two-component waterborne polyurethane comprised of water-soluble acrylic resin and HDI biuret[J].Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering,2006,14(1):99-104. (cifp.ac.cn)
  • This chemical is known for its superior kinetics reaction mechanics and concentration variables like normality, dissociation & ionization variables. (alphachemikaindia.com)
  • Crystal Structures, Reaction Mechanisms, and Optimization Strategies of MnO 2 Cathode for Aqueous Rechargeable Zinc Batteries [J]. Acta Phys. (pku.edu.cn)
  • Mechanisms or reactions are then a succession of steps that eventually result in a desired, final item. (kunstverein.us)
  • Polyurethane foams are made by curing a reaction mixture that contains an aromatic polyisocyanate, at least one isocyanate-reactive material having an average functionality of at least 2 and an equivalent weight of at least 200 per isocyanate-reactive group, at least one blowing agent, at least one surfactant, at least one catalyst, and certain aldehyde-suppressing additives. (justia.com)
  • The Biuret results with positive reactions to Albumin (egg white) and the enzyme, pepsin. (studymode.com)
  • Which color change represents a positive reaction for the presence of simple sugars? (profound-answers.com)
  • We have developed and evaluated a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method capable of quantifying HDI and its oligomers (uretidone, biuret, and isocyanurate) in air, tape-stripped skin, and paint samples collected in the automotive refinishing industry. (cdc.gov)
  • What are the advantages and disadvantages of biuret method? (peel520.net)
  • Therefore, this work provided an in-depth understanding of the synergistic effect between the outer and inner oxygen in the reaction mechanism and an efficient method for establishing a deep-learning-assisted intelligent detection platform. (bvsalud.org)
  • These reactions have been used as simple and rapid diagnostic tests for the presence of glucose in blood or urine. (profound-answers.com)
  • The color formed is due to the reaction of alpha-naphthol with furfural and/or its derivative formed by the dehydration of sugars by concentrated sulphuric acid. (profound-answers.com)
  • 5] WU Guo-min,KONG Zhen-wu,CHEN Cai-feng,et al.Crosslinking reaction and properties of two-component waterborne polyurethane from terpene-maleic ester type epoxy resin[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2013,128(1):132-138. (cifp.ac.cn)
  • Azodicarbonamide (ADA) in flour can be easily decomposed to semi-carbazide and biuret, exhibiting strong genotoxicity in vitro and carcinogenicity. (bvsalud.org)
  • The trimeric HDI biuret (HDI-BT), which has a low monomer content and is widely used in the formulation of exceptionally high quality polymer coatings, is produced by controlled reaction of HDI with water, a water generator, or an amine (Chadwick and Cleveland 1981). (cdc.gov)
  • And the effects of reaction condition and siloxane content on the stability and micro-structure of the polyol dispersion were studied. (cifp.ac.cn)
  • Proteins can be detected using both the Biuret and the ninhydrin tests. (scienceinschool.org)
  • Determination of serum proteins by means of the biuret reaction. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Gornall AG, Bardawill CJ, David MM. Determination of serum proteins by means of the biuret reaction. (ijbcp.com)
  • Principle: Proteins respond to some colour reactions due to the presence of one or more radicals or groups of the complex protein molecule. (philoid.com)
  • All proteins do not contain the same amino acids, and hence they do not respond to all colour reactions. (philoid.com)
  • For determining the presence of proteins in the unknown solution Ninhydrin Test and/or Biuret Test can be used. (biologyideas.com)
  • Check for proteins & proteins Biuret check was completed to look for the existence of protein. (bioclaro.com)
  • This experiment will test the effect of the enzyme papain (papaya extract) on the breakdown of proteins in gelatin by measuring the amount of protein remaining after the reaction. (ncesse.org)
  • The ability of proteins to carry out specific reactions is the result of their primary, secondary and tertiary structure. (ncertmcq.com)
  • Many classical enzymatic assay methods involve the use of synthetic colorimetric substrates and measuring the reaction rates using a spectrophotometer. (jefferson.edu)
  • Why are only few drops of CuSO solution added during the biuret test?4Exercise 22 Aim: To detect the presence of fats (lipid) in different plants and animal materials. (philoid.com)
  • Students performing a Biuret test to detect the presence of peptide bonds. (ncesse.org)
  • Biuret Reaction" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (uchicago.edu)
  • The substrate, biuret, forms by the spontaneous decarboxylation of 1-carboxybiuret in the absence of EC 3.5.1.131 , 1-carboxybiuret hydrolase. (enzyme-database.org)
  • Lowry method: Based on and improved upon the earliest Biuret reaction. (biorad-cn.com)
  • Any group that interferes with the biuret reaction, such as -CO-NH2, -CH2-NH2, CS-NH2 and Tris buffer, sucrose, ammonium sulfate, and sulfhydryl compounds, can interfere with the Folin-phenol reaction and affect the latter Much bigger. (vacutaineradditives.com)
  • The reaction is not exactly typical for a peptide bond, as any compound with two carbonyl groups attached to a nitrogen or carbon atom will yield a positive result. (biologyideas.com)
  • The reason of yellow stain is xanthoproteic reaction. (philoid.com)
  • For example, HDI-biuret (HDI-BT), a trimeric condensation product of HDI, is widely used as a hardener in automobile and airplane paints. (cdc.gov)
  • Allow approximately 5 minutes for the Biuret test, and 10 minutes for the ninhydrin test (see procedure section below). (scienceinschool.org)
  • Aliphatic diisocyanates are produced by reaction of phosgene with either a shury of the carbamate salts obtained in the reaction of the aliphatic diamines with carbon dioxide, or with a slurry of the amine hydrochloride (Ulrich 1989). (cdc.gov)
  • In addition, phenols and citric acid also interfere with this reaction. (vacutaineradditives.com)
  • What type of reaction occurs between glycerol and three molecules of fatty acid (RCOOH) to create a triglyceride? (primrosekitten.org)
  • The reaction of an isocyanate functional group with water (Scheme 2) results in the formation of an unstable carbamic acid group, which in turn decomposes to release an amine and carbon dioxide. (weimann-meyer.org)
  • The nearly 2.200 Round Table discussions amongst 7.500+ Engineers and Managers in the Nitrogen Fertilizer Industry have led to 10.000 reactions (posts). (ureaknowhow.com)
  • 1. A substance possessing the herein-described physiological characteristics and reactions of the suprarenal glands in a stable and concentrated form, and practically free from inert and associated gland-tissue. (bloomberglaw.com)
  • 4. A substance possessing the herein-described physiological characteristics and reactions of the suprarenal glands in a stable and concentrated form, having a whitish color and a crystalline form when in a dry or solid condition, and melting at about 207 centigrade. (bloomberglaw.com)
  • 9. A substance possessing the herein-described physiological characteristics and reactions of the suprarenal glands, practically free from inert and associated gland-tissue, and having an alkaline reaction. (bloomberglaw.com)
  • 12. A substance possessing the herein-described physiological characteristics and reactions of the suprarenal glands, practically free from inert and associated gland-tissue, having an alkaline reaction, giving a green coloration in reaction with ferric salts, and a red coloration with iodine. (bloomberglaw.com)
  • 16. A solution possessing the herein-described physiological characteristics and reactions of the suprarenal glands in concentrated and stable condition, and from which solution is obtained the herein-described substance free from inert and deteriorating matter by simply neutralizing or removing the solvent. (bloomberglaw.com)
  • In my experience and from what I have read this method is not dangerous, in fact I would say performing an azide synthesis is far more dangerous to the inexperienced than a simple extraction and metathesis reaction involving sodium azide from airbag pellets. (sciencemadness.org)
  • I found a few things related to this subject, but it seems exceptionally vague or requires already having sodium azide and some kind of very complex system ( https://www.google.com/patents/CA2046385A1?cl=en ), or involves making molten sodium amide to bubble the gas into. (sciencemadness.org)
  • are: While baking soda is pretty cheap, $1.50 for a 500 gram box, get a second container and The reaction of potassium sodium tartrate with hydrogen peroxide is catalyzed with 0.10 M cobalt(II) chloride. (1508.com)
  • Put the 500 grams of baking soda This involves the reaction of cream of tartar (potassium bitartrate, KHC4H4O6) with sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) to produce Rochelle salt (potassium sodium tartrate, NaKC4H4O6). (1508.com)
  • 97] alkalies, possessing reducing properties, giving a green coloration in reaction with ferric salts and a red coloration in reaction with iodine. (bloomberglaw.com)
  • Particularly well suited for isolating nucleic acids for amplification reactions. (agscientific.com)
  • Modulation of immune system denotes alterations of immune responses by induction, expression and amplification of part or phase of the reaction [ 1 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Biuret Solution. (aldon-chem.com)
  • This is a pH indicator solution that is used in titration and in monitoring the pH of reactions. (aldon-chem.com)
  • This is a pH indicator solution that is used in titrations and in monitoring the pH of reactions. (aldon-chem.com)
  • 1 The rate of reaction can be increased by increasing the concentration of the solution. (markedbyteachers.com)
  • 4 Adding a catalyst to the solution will increase the rate of reaction. (markedbyteachers.com)
  • HS-PS1-2: Construct and revise an explanation for the outcome of a simple chemical reaction based on the outermost electron states of atoms, trends in the periodic table, and knowledge of the patterns of chemical properties. (flinnsci.com)
  • A reaction characterized by a violet color upon the addition of copper sulfate to all compounds with two amide or peptide bonds linked directly or through an intermediate carbon atom. (uchicago.edu)
  • The most efficient route produces the desired product in a single reaction vessel by combining a polyol (alkyl diol, alkyl ether diol oligomer, etc), dialkyl carbonate, lactone, and catalyst in a reaction vessel under transesterification conditions. (justia.com)
  • MS-PS1-2: Analyze and interpret data on the properties of substances before and after the substances interact to determine if a chemical reaction has occurred. (flinnsci.com)
  • CONTENTS NOTES (d) Reactions between acids and metals, their oxides and trioxocarbonates (IV). (awajis.com)
  • The trimeric HDI biuret (HDI-BT), which has a low monomer content and is widely used in the formulation of exceptionally high quality polymer coatings, is produced by controlled reaction of HDI with water, a water generator, or an amine (Chadwick and Cleveland 1981). (cdc.gov)
  • e) reaction of the elements with water and alkali (balanced equations required). (awajis.com)
  • The invention of these foams (initially called imitation swiss cheese by the inventors [2] ) was thanks to water accidentally introduced in the reaction mix. (chemeurope.com)
  • The resultant reaction produces a large amount of black foam as well as steam and smoke. (aldon-chem.com)
  • But a secondary reaction appreciable at 8 hours. (unc.edu)
  • The colored product of the reaction was determined spectrophotometrically. (edu.ph)
  • Biuret, a less toxic source of NPN, is currently used less frequently than in the past. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • The development and use of techniques and equipment to study or perform chemical reactions, with small quantities of materials, frequently less than a milligram or a milliliter. (nih.gov)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Biuret Reaction" by people in this website by year, and whether "Biuret Reaction" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (uchicago.edu)
  • And on the left-hand page, it says, "The reaction is very rapid, complete in -" quotation - "zero minutes. (unc.edu)
  • The reaction is visible, in the 2‑2, because there's a color formation, and very rapid. (unc.edu)
  • The choice of inoculum for these enrichments is important and often allows for successful enrichment after simple batch culture, but organisms containing several degradative reactions could be obtained only after selection in extended culture. (uni-konstanz.de)