Biuret
Biuret Reaction
Allophanate Hydrolase
Triazines
Colorimetry
Daily and alternate day supplementation of urea or biuret to ruminants consuming low-quality forage: I. Effects on cow performance and the efficiency of nitrogen use in wethers. (1/12)
Two experiments were conducted to determine the influence of supplemental nonprotein N (NPN) provided daily (D) or every other day (2D) on ruminant performance and N efficiency. Treatments included an unsupplemented control (CON) and a urea (28.7% CP) or biuret (28.6% CP) supplement provided D or 2D at 0700. In Exp. 1, five wethers (39 +/- 1 kg BW) were used in an incomplete 5 x 4 Latin square with four 24-d periods to determine the influence of supplemental NPN source and supplementation frequency (SF) on the efficiency of N use in lambs consuming low-quality grass straw (4% CP). The amount of CP supplied by each supplement was approximately 0.10% of BW/d (averaged over a 2-d period). In Exp. 2, 80 Angus x Hereford cows (540 +/- 8 kg BW) in the last third of gestation were used to determine the effect of NPN source and SF on cow performance. The NPN treatments were formulated to provide 90% of the estimated degradable intake protein requirement. The supplemented treatments received the same amount of supplemental N over a 2-d period; therefore, the 2D treatments received double the quantity of supplemental N on their respective supplementation day than the D treatments. In Exp. 1, total DM, OM, and N intake; DM, OM, and N digestibility; N balance; and digested N retained were greater (P < 0.03) for supplemented than for CON wethers, with no difference (P > 0.05) between NPN sources or SF. Plasma urea-N (PUN) was increased with N supplementation compared with CON (P < 0.01), and urea treatments had greater PUN than biuret (P < 0.01). In addition, PUN was greater (P = 0.02) for D than for 2D treatments. In Exp. 2, pre- and postcalving (within 14 d and 24 h after calving, respectively) cow weight and body condition score change were more positive (P < 0.05) for supplemented groups than for CON. These results suggest that supplements containing urea or biuret as the primary source of supplemental N can be effectively used by lambs and cows consuming low-quality forage, even when provided every other day. (+info)Daily and alternate-day supplementation of urea or biuret to ruminants consuming low-quality forage: II. Effects on site of digestion and microbial efficiency in steers. (2/12)
Five steers (491 +/- 21 kg BW) were used in an incomplete 5 x 4 Latin square with four 24-d periods to determine the influence of supplemental non-protein N (NPN) source and supplementation frequency (SF) on nutrient intake and site of digestion in steers consuming low-quality grass straw (4% CP). Treatments (TRT) included an unsupplemented control and a urea- or biuret-containing supplement placed directly into the rumen daily (D) or every other day (2D) at 0700. The NPN treatments were formulated to provide 90% of the estimated degradable intake protein requirement. Daily TRT were supplemented CP at 0.04% of BW/d, whereas the 2D TRT were supplemented at 0.08% of BW every other day. Therefore, all supplemented TRT received the same quantity of supplemental CP over a 2-d period. Forage OM intake was not affected (P > 0.05) by NPN supplementation, NPN source, or SF; however, total OM and N intake were increased (P < 0.01) with CP supplementation. Duodenal flow of N was greater (P = 0.04) with CP supplementation compared with the control. In addition, duodenal bacterial N flow was increased with CP supplementation (P = 0.04) and for biuret compared with urea (P < 0.01). Bacterial efficiency (g bacterial N/kg OM truly digested in the rumen) was greater (P = 0.05) for biuret than for urea. Apparent total-tract N digestibility was increased with NPN supplementation (P < 0.01) but not affected by NPN source or SF. These results suggest that urea or biuret can be used effectively as a supplemental N source by steers consuming low-quality forage. (+info)Daily and alternate-day supplementation of urea or biuret to ruminants consuming low-quality forage: III. Effects on ruminal fermentation characteristics in steers. (3/12)
Five ruminally and duodenally cannulated steers (491 +/- 21 kg BW) were used in an incomplete 5 x 4 Latin square with four 24-d periods to determine the influence of supplemental nonprotein N (NPN) source and supplementation frequency (SF) on the dynamics of ruminal fermentation in steers consuming low-quality grass straw (4% CP). Treatments (TRT) included an unsupplemented control (CON) and a urea or biuret supplement that were placed directly into the rumen at 0700 daily (D) or every other day (2D). The NPN treatments were formulated to provide 90% of the estimated degradable intake protein requirement; therefore, the urea and biuret treatments received the same amount of supplemental N over a 2-d period. Daily TRT were supplemented with CP at 0.04% of BW/d, whereas the 2D TRT were supplemented at 0.08% of BW every other day. Forage was provided at 120% of the previous 5-d average intake in two equal portions at 0715 and 1900. Ruminal fluid was collected 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 h after supplementation on a day of and a day before supplementation for all TRT. Ruminal NH3-N increased (P < 0.04) with CP supplementation on the day all supplements were provided and on the day on which only daily supplements were provided compared with the CON. However, an NPN source x SF interaction (P = 0.03) on the day all supplements were provided indicated that NH3-N increased at a greater rate for urea as SF decreased compared with biuret. Ruminal NH3-N on the day only daily supplements were provided was greater (P = 0.02) for D compared with 2D. On the day all supplements were provided, D increased (P = 0.05) ruminal indigestible acid detergent fiber passage rate and ruminal fluid volume compared with 2D. These results suggest that urea or biuret can be used effectively as a supplemental N source by steers consuming low-quality forage without adversely affecting ruminal fermentation, even when provided every other day. (+info)Purification and characterization of TrzF: biuret hydrolysis by allophanate hydrolase supports growth. (4/12)
TrzF, the allophanate hydrolase from Enterobacter cloacae strain 99, was cloned, overexpressed in the presence of a chaperone protein, and purified to homogeneity. Native TrzF had a subunit molecular weight of 65,401 and a subunit stoichiometry of alpha(2) and did not contain significant levels of metals. TrzF showed time-dependent inhibition by phenyl phosphorodiamidate and is a member of the amidase signature protein family. TrzF was highly active in the hydrolysis of allophanate but was not active with urea, despite having been previously considered a urea amidolyase. TrzF showed lower activity with malonamate, malonamide, and biuret. The allophanate hydrolase from Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP, AtzF, was also shown to hydrolyze biuret slowly. Since biuret and allophanate are consecutive metabolites in cyanuric acid metabolism, the low level of biuret hydrolase activity can have physiological significance. A recombinant Escherichia coli strain containing atzD, encoding cyanuric acid hydrolase that produces biuret, and atzF grew slowly on cyanuric acid as a source of nitrogen. The amount of growth produced was consistent with the liberation of 3 mol of ammonia from cyanuric acid. In vitro, TrzF was shown to hydrolyze biuret to liberate 3 mol of ammonia. The biuret hydrolyzing activity of TrzF might also be physiologically relevant in native strains. E. cloacae strain 99 grows on cyanuric acid with a significant accumulation of biuret. (+info)Electroosmotic sampling. Application to determination of ectopeptidase activity in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. (5/12)
(+info)Defining sequence space and reaction products within the cyanuric acid hydrolase (AtzD)/barbiturase protein family. (6/12)
(+info)Effects of dextran on five biuret-based procedures for total protein in serum. (7/12)
We evaluated the effect of dextran on values for total protein in serum as measured by the biuret method with five widely used automated instruments: the American Monitor Parallel; the Du Pont aca II; the Roche Cobas-Bio; the Kodak Ektachem 400; and the Beckman Astra 8. Dextran concentrations as great as 25 or 30 g/L had relatively little or no influence on total protein measurements by the latter three instruments. Dextran concentrations exceeding 6 g/L caused falsely low results with the aca, whereas the Parallel gave falsely high results when the dextran concentration exceeded 2 g/L. The aca total protein procedure could be protected from the interference by dextran concentrations up to 30 g/L by injecting 0.4-0.8 mL of ethylene glycol directly into the reagent pack before sampling. However, we could not eliminate the interference with the Parallel procedure by any simple means; we thus recommend that it not be used for measuring total protein in serum samples from patients who are being treated with dextran. (+info)Application of a silver-binding assay to the determination of protein in cerebrospinal fluid. (8/12)
We evaluated a silver-binding assay for use in measuring total protein in cerebrospinal fluid. The advantage of this procedure over other methods is that, because of its sensitivity, it requires only a 0.5-microL sample. The procedure, which takes approximately 40 min to complete, involves dilution of 0.5-microL samples to 1 mL with distilled water containing sodium dodecyl sulfate, followed by addition of glutaraldehyde and an ammoniacal silver solution. After color development for 30 min, the reaction is terminated with sodium thiosulfate and the absorbance is measured at 420 nm. This assay displayed within-run and day-to-day precision (CV) of 3.1% to 13% over the range of 210 to 1370 mg/L. It showed substantially less protein-to-protein variation than the Coomassie Blue dye-binding procedure when tested with albumin, globulin, and transferrin. It also yielded an accurate estimation of hemoglobin. Moreover, preliminary studies suggested that it was capable of quantifying immunoglobulin light chains and glycoproteins. In a study of 54 human cerebrospinal fluid samples, results of the silver-binding assay corresponded more closely with those obtained with a rate biuret assay (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.91) than did either the dye-binding or classical Lowry methods. (+info)Biuret is a chemical compound that is commonly used as a reagent in medical and biological laboratories to detect the presence of proteins in a sample. It is a blue-colored compound that reacts with proteins to form a purple-colored complex, which can be easily detected by visual inspection or spectrophotometry. In medical applications, the biuret test is often used to determine the concentration of proteins in blood, urine, or other bodily fluids. It is also used in the diagnosis of certain medical conditions, such as kidney disease, liver disease, and diabetes, where protein levels in the blood or urine may be elevated. Overall, the biuret test is a simple and reliable method for detecting and quantifying proteins in biological samples, and it plays an important role in many areas of medical research and clinical practice.
Allophanate hydrolase is an enzyme that plays a role in the metabolism of certain drugs and toxins. It is responsible for breaking down a compound called allophanate, which is a byproduct of the metabolism of certain drugs, such as penicillamine and mercaptopurine. Allophanate hydrolase is found in the liver and other organs, and its activity is regulated by a number of factors, including genetic variations and the presence of certain drugs. In the medical field, the activity of allophanate hydrolase is often measured as a way to assess the effectiveness of certain drugs and to monitor the progression of certain diseases.
Triazines are a class of organic compounds that contain a three-membered nitrogen ring. They are commonly used as herbicides, pesticides, and fungicides. In the medical field, triazines have been studied for their potential use in the treatment of various conditions, including cancer, viral infections, and inflammatory diseases. Some specific examples of triazines that have been studied for medical use include protriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant, and terbinafine, an antifungal medication. However, it is important to note that the use of triazines in medicine is still in the experimental stage, and more research is needed to fully understand their potential therapeutic benefits and risks.
Biuret
Biuret amidohydrolase
Biuret test
Boby Techi
Protein adulteration in China
Colorimetry (chemical method)
Dithiobiuret
Cyanuric acid
Urea
Fertilizer
Aayon Ibn Aayon
Hans Freeman
Lowry protein assay
Arthur W. Thomas
Allophanic acid
Triuret
Hugo Schiff
Copper(II) sulfate
Jonas Kamlet
Bicinchoninic acid assay
Quantitative proteomics
Hexamethylene diisocyanate
Protein primary structure
Protein methods
Millon's reagent
Franz Hofmeister
Bicinchoninic acid
Ammeline
Serum total protein
Potassium sodium tartrate
Flinn Chemicals, Biuret Test Solution
Biuret Test: Definition, Theory, Procedure, and Results
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Reagent1
- 13. Gornall AG, Bardawill CJ, David MM. Determination of serumproteins by means of the biuret reagent. (bvsalud.org)
Protein2
- The most significant finding was a low plasma and serum protein both on refractometry and using the biuret method of analysis. (vin.com)
- Today we are going to do the determination of Plasma Protein by Biuret Method. (allmedtests.com)
Isocyanurate3
- Examples of widely used polyisocyanates include HDI biuret and HDI isocyanurate. (cdc.gov)
- Methods: Exposures to aliphatic isocyanate s based on 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (1,6-HDI) and its higher oligomers (biuret, isocyanurate and uretdione) were measured among 30 workers performing painting of bridges and other metal structures in several construction sites in the Northeastern USA. (cdc.gov)
- Results: Breathing zone concentrations were the highest for biuret (median, 18.4 microg/m3), followed by 1,6-HDI monomer (median, 3.5 microg/m3), isocyanurate (median, 3.4 microg/m3) and uretdione (median, 1.7 microg/m3). (cdc.gov)
Concentration1
- These results were compared by use of Bland-Altman plots with those obtained from a commercial laboratory that used a biuret method for TP concentration and electrophoresis for albumin concentration. (avma.org)
Characteristic1
- All, her characteristic biuret reaction hardly an indurated other lung appears in our patients. (biosferatajotejointernacional.org)
Test3
- Before we move on to the test, we will need to tell you about Biuret method. (allmedtests.com)
- The presence of proteins in a substance can be detected using a test called the Biuret test. (chemistrylearner.com)
- 2) Learn about the various food tests - namely the iodine test, Benedict's test, Biuret test and emulsion test. (nus.edu.sg)
Reaction2
- All, her characteristic biuret reaction hardly an indurated other lung appears in our patients. (biosferatajotejointernacional.org)
- Other methods for the analysis of collagenous preparations were as follows: total protein by quantitative biuret reaction (7), hexosamine by the Elson-Morgan reaction (8)) amino acids by the method of Moore and Stein (9) after hydrolysis for 48 hr. with 6 N HCl in a sealed tube at 105'C. (coek.info)
Solution1
- In strongly alkaline solution biuret gives a violet color with copper sulfate. (nih.gov)
Maximum1
- Isocyanate loading on the gloves was generally high, with a median of 129 microg biuret/pair and maximum of 60.8 mg biuret/pair. (cdc.gov)