Ranitidine
Organometallic Compounds
Anti-Ulcer Agents
Metronidazole
A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS. It has also been proposed as a radiation sensitizer for hypoxic cells. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985, p133), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck, 11th ed).
Salicylates
Amoxicillin
Helicobacter pylori
A spiral bacterium active as a human gastric pathogen. It is a gram-negative, urease-positive, curved or slightly spiral organism initially isolated in 1982 from patients with lesions of gastritis or peptic ulcers in Western Australia. Helicobacter pylori was originally classified in the genus CAMPYLOBACTER, but RNA sequencing, cellular fatty acid profiles, growth patterns, and other taxonomic characteristics indicate that the micro-organism should be included in the genus HELICOBACTER. It has been officially transferred to Helicobacter gen. nov. (see Int J Syst Bacteriol 1989 Oct;39(4):297-405).
Helicobacter Infections
Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.
Clarithromycin
A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.
Histamine H2 Antagonists
Drugs that selectively bind to but do not activate histamine H2 receptors, thereby blocking the actions of histamine. Their clinically most important action is the inhibition of acid secretion in the treatment of gastrointestinal ulcers. Smooth muscle may also be affected. Some drugs in this class have strong effects in the central nervous system, but these actions are not well understood.
Furazolidone
Dimercaprol
Tinidazole
Drug Therapy, Combination
Tetracycline
Omeprazole
Germanium
Klatskin's Tumor
Adenocarcinoma of the common hepatic duct bifurcation. These tumors are generally small, sharply localized, and seldom metastasizing. G. Klatskin's original review of 13 cases was published in 1965. Once thought to be relatively uncommon, tumors of the bifurcation of the bile duct now appear to comprise more than one-half of all bile duct cancers. (From Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1457)
Peptic Ulcer
Ulcer that occurs in the regions of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT which come into contact with GASTRIC JUICE containing PEPSIN and GASTRIC ACID. It occurs when there are defects in the MUCOSA barrier. The common forms of peptic ulcers are associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI and the consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).
Penicillins
A group of antibiotics that contain 6-aminopenicillanic acid with a side chain attached to the 6-amino group. The penicillin nucleus is the chief structural requirement for biological activity. The side-chain structure determines many of the antibacterial and pharmacological characteristics. (Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p1065)
Antimony
Gastric Mucins
Proton Pump Inhibitors
Thymolphthalein
Hepatic Duct, Common
Colloids
Two-phase systems in which one is uniformly dispersed in another as particles small enough so they cannot be filtered or will not settle out. The dispersing or continuous phase or medium envelops the particles of the discontinuous phase. All three states of matter can form colloids among each other.
Scintillation Counting
2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles
Antidiarrheals
Cimetidine
Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic
Gastric Mucosa
Lining of the STOMACH, consisting of an inner EPITHELIUM, a middle LAMINA PROPRIA, and an outer MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE. The surface cells produce MUCUS that protects the stomach from attack by digestive acid and enzymes. When the epithelium invaginates into the LAMINA PROPRIA at various region of the stomach (CARDIA; GASTRIC FUNDUS; and PYLORUS), different tubular gastric glands are formed. These glands consist of cells that secrete mucus, enzymes, HYDROCHLORIC ACID, or hormones.
Alpha Particles
Tooth Discoloration
Resins, Synthetic
Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate
A macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus. This compound is an ester of erythromycin base and succinic acid. It acts primarily as a bacteriostatic agent. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.
Stomach Ulcer
Sulfoxides
Spectrophotometry, Atomic
Electrodes
Myoclonus
Involuntary shock-like contractions, irregular in rhythm and amplitude, followed by relaxation, of a muscle or a group of muscles. This condition may be a feature of some CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; (e.g., EPILEPSY, MYOCLONIC). Nocturnal myoclonus is the principal feature of the NOCTURNAL MYOCLONUS SYNDROME. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp102-3).
Drug Combinations
Campylobacter
Lansoprazole
Silicates
Metals, Heavy
Duodenum
Indium
Radiation-Protective Agents
Treatment Outcome
Salmonella
A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that utilizes citrate as a sole carbon source. It is pathogenic for humans, causing enteric fevers, gastroenteritis, and bacteremia. Food poisoning is the most common clinical manifestation. Organisms within this genus are separated on the basis of antigenic characteristics, sugar fermentation patterns, and bacteriophage susceptibility.
Urease
Bile Ducts
Anti-Infective Agents
Dental Cements
Drug Resistance, Microbial
Double-Blind Method
Metals
Anti-Infective Agents, Local
Metallothionein
Urea
Aminosalicylic Acids
Glycocalyx
The carbohydrate-rich zone on the cell surface. This zone can be visualized by a variety of stains as well as by its affinity for lectins. Although most of the carbohydrate is attached to intrinsic plasma membrane molecules, the glycocalyx usually also contains both glycoproteins and proteoglycans that have been secreted into the extracellular space and then adsorbed onto the cell surface. (Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 3d ed, p502)
Drug Administration Schedule
Radioisotopes
Ofloxacin
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Gastrins
Lead
Mercury
A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.
Phantoms, Imaging
Devices or objects in various imaging techniques used to visualize or enhance visualization by simulating conditions encountered in the procedure. Phantoms are used very often in procedures employing or measuring x-irradiation or radioactive material to evaluate performance. Phantoms often have properties similar to human tissue. Water demonstrates absorbing properties similar to normal tissue, hence water-filled phantoms are used to map radiation levels. Phantoms are used also as teaching aids to simulate real conditions with x-ray or ultrasonic machines. (From Iturralde, Dictionary and Handbook of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Imaging, 1990)
Prospective Studies
Salicylic Acid
Radiation Dosage
The amount of radiation energy that is deposited in a unit mass of material, such as tissues of plants or animal. In RADIOTHERAPY, radiation dosage is expressed in gray units (Gy). In RADIOLOGIC HEALTH, the dosage is expressed by the product of absorbed dose (Gy) and quality factor (a function of linear energy transfer), and is called radiation dose equivalent in sievert units (Sv).
Brain Diseases
Metal Nanoparticles
Diarrhea
Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
Colony Count, Microbial
Enumeration by direct count of viable, isolated bacterial, archaeal, or fungal CELLS or SPORES capable of growth on solid CULTURE MEDIA. The method is used routinely by environmental microbiologists for quantifying organisms in AIR; FOOD; and WATER; by clinicians for measuring patients' microbial load; and in antimicrobial drug testing.
Culture Media
Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.
Treatment Failure
Exanthema
Diseases in which skin eruptions or rashes are a prominent manifestation. Classically, six such diseases were described with similar rashes; they were numbered in the order in which they were reported. Only the fourth (Duke's disease), fifth (ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM), and sixth (EXANTHEMA SUBITUM) numeric designations survive as occasional synonyms in current terminology.
Electrochemistry
Half-Life
Metabolic Clearance Rate
Spectrum Analysis
Digestive System
Cadmium
Adsorption
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Microscopy, Electron
Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.
Peptide Elongation Factor 1
Peptide elongation factor 1 is a multisubunit protein that is responsible for the GTP-dependent binding of aminoacyl-tRNAs to eukaryotic ribosomes. The alpha subunit (EF-1alpha) binds aminoacyl-tRNA and transfers it to the ribosome in a process linked to GTP hydrolysis. The beta and delta subunits (EF-1beta, EF-1delta) are involved in exchanging GDP for GTP. The gamma subunit (EF-1gamma) is a structural component.
Drug Resistance, Bacterial
Chelating Agents
Biofilms
Encrustations, formed from microbes (bacteria, algae, fungi, plankton, or protozoa) embedding in extracellular polymers, that adhere to surfaces such as teeth (DENTAL DEPOSITS); PROSTHESES AND IMPLANTS; and catheters. Biofilms are prevented from forming by treating surfaces with DENTIFRICES; DISINFECTANTS; ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS; and antifouling agents.
RNA, Ribosomal, 18S
Feces
Stomach
Radiography, Thoracic
Intestinal Mucosa
Clinical Trials as Topic
Works about pre-planned studies of the safety, efficacy, or optimum dosage schedule (if appropriate) of one or more diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques selected according to predetermined criteria of eligibility and observed for predefined evidence of favorable and unfavorable effects. This concept includes clinical trials conducted both in the U.S. and in other countries.
Biological Availability
Glycine
Biotransformation
The chemical alteration of an exogenous substance by or in a biological system. The alteration may inactivate the compound or it may result in the production of an active metabolite of an inactive parent compound. The alterations may be divided into METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE I and METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE II.
Guanidines
Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Breast
Indomethacin
Bacteria
One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.
Area Under Curve
A statistical means of summarizing information from a series of measurements on one individual. It is frequently used in clinical pharmacology where the AUC from serum levels can be interpreted as the total uptake of whatever has been administered. As a plot of the concentration of a drug against time, after a single dose of medicine, producing a standard shape curve, it is a means of comparing the bioavailability of the same drug made by different companies. (From Winslade, Dictionary of Clinical Research, 1992)
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Cross-Over Studies
Studies comparing two or more treatments or interventions in which the subjects or patients, upon completion of the course of one treatment, are switched to another. In the case of two treatments, A and B, half the subjects are randomly allocated to receive these in the order A, B and half to receive them in the order B, A. A criticism of this design is that effects of the first treatment may carry over into the period when the second is given. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)
Iron
Follow-Up Studies
Rats, Inbred Strains
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Water
Escherichia coli
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Analysis of Variance
Antimicrobial activities of synthetic bismuth compounds against Clostridium difficile. (1/408)
Clostridium difficile is a major nosocomial pathogen responsible for pseudomembranous colitis and many cases of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Because of potential relapse of disease with current antimicrobial therapy protocols, there is a need for additional and/or alternative antimicrobial agents for the treatment of disease caused by C. difficile. We have synthesized a systematic series of 14 structurally simple bismuth compounds and assessed their biological activities against C. difficile and four other gastrointestinal species, including Helicobacter pylori. Here, we report on the activities of six compounds that exhibit antibacterial activities against C. difficile, and some of the compounds have MICs of less than 1 microgram/ml. Also tested, for comparison, were the activities of bismuth subcitrate and ranitidine bismuth citrate obtained from commercial sources. C. difficile and H. pylori were more sensitive both to the synthetic bismuth compounds and to the commercial products than were Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus mirabilis, and the last three species were markedly resistant to the commercial bismuth salts. Testing with human foreskin fibroblast cells revealed that some of the synthetic compounds were more cytotoxic than others. Killing curves for C. difficile treated with the more active compounds revealed rapid death, and electron microscopy showed that the bismuth of these compounds was rapidly incorporated by C. difficile. Energy dispersive spectroscopy X-ray microanalysis of C. difficile cells containing electron-dense material confirmed the presence of internalized bismuth. Internalized bismuth was not observed in C. difficile treated with synthetic bismuth compounds that lacked antimicrobial activity, which suggests that the uptake of the metal is required for killing activity. The nature of the carrier would seem to determine whether bismuth is transported into susceptible bacteria like C. difficile. (+info)Helicobacter pylori eradication with proton pump inhibitor-based triple therapies and re-treatment with ranitidine bismuth citrate-based triple therapy. (2/408)
BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that short-term triple therapy comprising a proton pump inhibitor, plus clarithromycin and amoxycillin be used as first choice in treating H. pylori infection, while eradication failure patients should be further treated with a quadruple therapy. Nevertheless, conflicting results have been reported using these treatment regimens in different countries. METHODS: A total of 278 patients with H. pylori infection were randomised to receive one-week triple therapy, comprising clarithromycin 500 mg b.d., amoxycillin 1 g b.d., and either omeprazole 20 mg b.d. (OAC; 90 patients), or pantoprazole 40 mg b.d. (PAC; 95 patients), or lansoprazole 30 mg b.d. (LAC; 93 patients). H. pylori infection at entry, and eradication 4-6 weeks after therapy had ended, were assessed by rapid urease test and histology on biopsies from the antrum and the corpus. When eradication did not occur, patients were given a 2-week treatment comprising ranitidine bismuth citrate 400 mg b.d., tetracycline 500 mg t.d.s. and tinidazole 500 mg b.d. (RBTT). Eradication in these patients was assessed 4-6 weeks after conclusion of treatment by a further endoscopy. RESULTS: Six patients were lost to the follow-up. At the end of the first course of treatment, the overall H. pylori eradication rate was 78% (95% CI: 73-83) and 79% (95% CI: 75-84) at 'intention-to-treat' (ITT) and 'per protocol' (PP) analysis, respectively, without any statistically significant difference between treatment regimens, although a trend for better results with the omeprazole combination was observed. Moreover, H. pylori eradication was achieved in 82% (95% CI: 75-97) (ITT) and 86% (95% CI: 69-94) (PP) of 38 patients re-treated with RBTT regimen. CONCLUSIONS: Our data found that this short-term triple therapy is not a satisfactory treatment (< 80% eradication rate) for H. pylori infection. The 2-week triple therapy used as re-treatment in eradication failure patients yielded more promising results. (+info)Ranitidine bismuth citrate, tetracycline, clarithromycin twice-a-day triple therapy for clarithromycin susceptible Helicobacter pylori infection. (3/408)
BACKGROUND: Although many combination therapies have been proposed, there is still interest in identifying simple, inexpensive, effective protocols that have high rates of success. AIM: To investigate the role of the new soluble form of bismuth, ranitidine bismuth citrate, in twice-a-day therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection. METHODS: Patients with histologically and culture proven H. pylori infection received ranitidine bismuth citrate 400 mg, tetracycline HCl 500 mg, and clarithromycin 500 mg, each b.d. for 14 days, followed by 300 mg ranitidine once a day for 4 additional weeks. Outcome was assessed 4 or more weeks after the end of antimicrobial therapy by repeat endoscopy with histology and culture (49 patients) or urea breath testing (14 patients). RESULTS: Sixty-three patients completed the therapy, 59 men and four women (average age 56.7 years; range 31-75 years). All patients had clarithromycin-susceptible strains prior to therapy. H. pylori infection was cured in 94% (95% CI: 85-98%). There was a therapy failure in one patient who took the medicine for only 1 day and stopped because of side-effects. Three of the isolates from treatment failures were available post-failure; two were clarithromycin-resistant and one was susceptible. Side-effects were severe in two patients (3%) and moderate in three (primarily diarrhoea). CONCLUSIONS: Twice-a-day ranitidine bismuth citrate, tetracycline, clarithromycin triple therapy was well tolerated and effective for the treatment of H. pylori infection in patients with clarithromycin-susceptible H. pylori. (+info)The influence of metronidazole resistance on the efficacy of ranitidine bismuth citrate triple therapy regimens for Helicobacter pylori infection. (4/408)
AIM: To assess the influence of metronidazole resistance on the efficacy of ranitidine bismuth citrate-based triple therapy regimens in two consecutive studies. METHODS: In the first study, patients with a culture-proven Helicobacter pylori infection were treated with ranitidine bismuth citrate 400 mg, metronidazole 500 mg, and clarithromycin 500 mg, all twice daily for 1 week (RMC). In the second study, amoxycillin 1000 mg was substituted for clarithromycin (RMA). Susceptibility testing for metronidazole was performed with the E-test. Follow-up endoscopy was performed after >/= 4 weeks. Antral biopsy samples were taken for histology and urease test, and culture and corpus samples for histology and culture. RESULTS: 112 patients, 53 males, age 55 +/- 14 years (39 duodenal ulcer, 7 gastric ulcer and 66 gastritis) were treated with RMC, and 89 patients, 52 males, age 58 +/- 15 years (23 duodenal ulcer, 7 gastric ulcer and 59 gastritis) were treated with RMA. For RMC, intention-to-treat eradication results were 98% (59/60, 95% CI: 91-100%) and 95% (20/21, 95% CI: 76-100%) for metronidazole susceptible and resistant strains, respectively (P = 0.45). For RMA these figures were 87% (53/61, 95% CI: 76-94%) for metronidazole susceptible strains and 22% (2/9, 95% CI: 3-60%) for resistant strains (P = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Both regimens are effective in metronidazole susceptible strains. However, in contrast to the amoxycillin-containing regimen, that containing clarithromycin is also effective in resistant strains. (+info)Eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection after ranitidine bismuth citrate, metronidazole and tetracycline for 7 or 10 days. (5/408)
BACKGROUND: We assessed the efficacy, tolerance, and compliance of twice-daily triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori with ranitidine bismuth citrate, metronidazole and tetracycline for 7 or 10 days. METHODS: 105 subjects with H. pylori infection documented by the 13C-urea breath test were randomly assigned to a 7 or 10-day course of ranitidine bismuth citrate 400 mg b.d., metronidazole 500 mg b.d. and tetracycline 500 mg b.d. Subjects returned at the end of therapy for assessment of side-effects and pill count. A repeat 13C-urea breath test was obtained 4 or more weeks after completion of therapy and cure of infection was defined as a negative test result. RESULTS: Poor compliance (< 80% of medications) was seen in 2% of subjects randomized to 7 days of therapy and in 10% randomized to 10 days of therapy (P = N.S.). Intention-to-treat eradication rates were 56% for 7-day and 60% for 10-day therapy (P = N.S.). Per protocol eradication rates were 58% for 7-day and 61% for 10-day therapy (P = N.S.). The 10-day intention-to-treat eradication rate for males was 78% and 32% for females (P < 0.01) and per protocol eradication rates were 79% and 31%, respectively (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Despite excellent compliance and tolerance, neither 7 nor 10 days of therapy with twice-daily ranitidine bismuth citrate, metronidazole and tetracycline are adequate as a treatment of H. pylori infection. (+info)Efficacy of a 1-week regimen of ranitidine bismuth citrate in combination with metronidazole and clarithromycin for Helicobacter pylori eradication. (6/408)
BACKGROUND: In order to improve the efficacy and simplicity of the FDA-approved regimen of ranitidine bismuth citrate (RBC) and clarithromycin dual therapy, we added an inexpensive antibiotic (metronidazole), changed the dosage scheme to twice daily dosing, and decreased the duration of therapy to 1 week. METHODS: This was an open label study in which subjects with previously untreated Helicobacter pylori infection documented by serology or endoscopy and confirmed by the 13C-urea breath test received a 1-week course of RBC 400 mg b.d., metronidazole 500 mg b.d. and clarithromycin 500 mg b.d. A repeat breath test was performed 4-6 weeks after completing therapy. RESULTS: Forty-seven out of 50 subjects completed the protocol. Intention-to-treat and per protocol cure rates were 86% and 91%, respectively. The regimen was well tolerated. Study drugs were stopped in two patients due to side-effects. The most common side-effect was self-limited diarrhoea. CONCLUSION: Twice daily RBC-based triple therapy with metronidazole and clarithromycin for 1 week is well tolerated and effective in eradicating H. pylori infection. (+info)Spiramycin is comparable to oxytetracycline in eradicating H. pylori when given with ranitidine bismuth citrate and metronidazole. (7/408)
BACKGROUND: We have consistently achieved about 90% eradication of H. pylori with liquid bismuth, metronidazole and oxytetracycline. AIM: To test eradication and adverse events of ranitidine bismuth citrate (RBC) when given with metronidazole and either oxytetracycline or spiramycin. METHODS: One hundred and eighty-three patients were randomized to one of four 10-day regimens: RBC400OM: RBC 400 mg b.d., oxytetracycline 500 mg q.d.s.; RBC400SM: RBC 400 mg b.d., spiramycin 1 g q.d.s.; RBC200OM: RBC 200 mg q.d.s., oxytetracycline 500 mg q.d.s.; RBC200SM: RBC 200 mg q.d.s., spiramycin 1 g q.d.s. Additionally, all patients received metronidazole 400 mg q.d.s. A 14C-urea breath test was performed at 8 weeks. RESULTS: Intention-to-treat eradication rates were 94%, 91%, 94% and 89% with RBC400OM, RBC400SM, RBC200OM and RBC200SM, respectively (P = 0.81). Eradication was significantly higher in ulcer patients (97%) than in those with diagnoses other than ulcer (86%) (P = 0.009). There was a strong tendency to better eradication among those who had never smoked (100%) compared with ex-smokers (93%) and smokers (89%) (P = 0.06). Fifty-three per cent experienced at least one moderate or severe adverse event, and women had more adverse events than men (P = 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS: All four regimens had comparable efficacy and adverse events. Eradication was significantly better in ulcer patients but there was a trend to better eradication in those who smoked less, used less alcohol and exercised more. Adverse events were frequent, perhaps because of the large dose of metronidazole used, but few patients stopped treatment. (+info)Prospective evaluation of ranitidine bismuth citrate-based triple therapy for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. (8/408)
BACKGROUND: There is a need for effective and inexpensive therapy for Helicobacter pylori with good patient compliance. AIM: To evaluate a simplified twice daily schedule for treating H. pylori. METHODS: Patients infected with H. pylori (positive by CLO- and 13C-urea breath tests [UBT]) and not previously treated with anti-H. pylori therapy were treated with ranitidine bismuth citrate (RBC) and two inexpensive antibiotics (metronidazole, tetracycline) twice daily for 14 days in an open-label study. Eradication was established by a negative UBT 4 weeks after ending therapy. RESULTS: Twenty men and 30 women (age 54+/-14 years, range 26-74) were included in the study. Five patients were prematurely withdrawn (side-effects 2, took additional antibiotics 2 and surgery 1) and one patient was lost to follow-up; therefore, 44 (88%) patients completed the H. pylori eradication protocol. Per protocol (PP) cure rate was 82% (36/44 patients, 95% CI: 68-95%), and intention-to-treat cure rate was 72% (36/50 patients, 95% CI: 58-82%). Five patients (10%) developed side-effects during therapy, most commonly nausea (3 patients). Four weeks after the end of treatment, 78% (PP) of patients were symptomatically improved. CONCLUSIONS: A 2-week course of twice-daily RBC-based triple therapy was well tolerated, eradicated H. pylori in 72% (ITT) and 82% (PP) of patients, respectively, and relieved symptoms in 78%. (+info)
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Prescription drug CHEWABLE BISMUTH TABLETS WITH CALCIUM CARBONATE (bismuth subsalicylate + calcium carbonate) - DrugFinder.ca
Bismuth Subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol®, Kaopectate®) for Dogs and Cats - PetPlace
Bismuth Subsalicylate | Pet Poison Control
CME Activity | Bismuth Subsalicylate | Osteopathic Medicine
Ranitidine Bismuth Citrate Capsules | high quality is guaranteed
Topological Insulators: Fundamentals and Perspectives | Electronic Materials | General & Introductory Materials Science |...
Injectable citrate-based mussel-inspired tissue bioadhesives with high wet strength for sutureless wound closure<...
PRIME PubMed | The impact of primary antibiotic resistance on the efficacy of ranitidine bismuth citrate- vs. omeprazole-based...
Antimicrobial & Immunization for Bacterial Gastritis | SBIR.gov
Overnight Drugstore: Cialis pinckard shipping with airmail!
Pink Bismuth w/Protective Coating 30 chewable tablets - Daly Drug Pharmacy
Bismuth | WSC Rocketry
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Acute Diarrheal Infections in Adults | American College of Gastroenterology
Decongestant And Analgesic Combinations (Oral Route) Side Effects - Mayo Clinic
Sulfur Burps Causes, Treatment, and Facts | Only Health Cares
Specific Drugs That Interfere With Doxycycline
BISMUTH CITRATE - Manufacturer, Supplier & Exporter
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PYLERA (Tetracycline,Metronidazole,Bismuth subcitrate potassium) dosage, indication, interactions, side effects | EMPR
Leki refundowane - Cena i zamienniki leku bismuth subcitrate, metronidazole, and tetracycline
LASSP News | Cornell Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics
Anti-CD33-antibodies labelled with the alpha-emitter Bismuth-213 kill CD33-positive acute myeloid leukaemia cells specifically...
New Century Labs | Bismuth Random Urine
producing-nhlhotstove.com | Nanomaterials, Chemical Products, Bearings Industry, Catalyst, few-layer graphene articles and news.
Publications
Diamond Publications - Search Results
Prediction of a Dirac state in monolayer TiB|SUB|2|/SUB| - NASA/ADS
APS -APS March Meeting 2017
- Event - Intrinsic two-dimensional organic topological insulators in metal$-$dicyanoanthracene...
cond-mat.mes-hall - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics: 1307.7311 (M. Neupane et al.)
La Bisbal del Penedès 2017: Top 20 La Bisbal del Penedès Accommodation, Holiday Rentals, Holiday Homes - Airbnb La Bisbal del...
Dirac Live Promises to Improve Ease of Usability with Its New App | AV NIRVANA
Bismuth ranitidine rbc subcitrate - Visa & MasterCard & Bitcoin Accept !.
Book Cell Cycle Checkpoints Methods And Protocols
All Faculty and Research Staff Publications | UW-Madison Department of Chemistry
Bismuth Selenide Bi2Se3 target - China - Manufacturer - Selenide
Topological Metals | Perimeter Institute
Fast and fragile: Two new studies explain the strange electron flow in future materials
Reyes Calvo - Google Scholar
nForum - K-theory classification of topological phases of matter
Bismuth - Wikipedia
Bismuth sulfide, Bi. 2S. 3, occurs naturally in bismuth ores.[45] It is also produced by the combination of molten bismuth and ... bismuth vanadate), pearlescent cosmetics (bismuth oxychloride), and bismuth-containing bullets. Recycling bismuth from these ... Bismuth white (also "Spanish white") can refer to either bismuth oxychloride or bismuth oxynitrate (BiONO3), when used as a ... "Milk of bismuth" (an aqueous suspension of bismuth hydroxide and bismuth subcarbonate) was marketed as an alimentary cure-all ...
Bismuth subsalicylate - Wikipedia
While bismuth salts were in use in Europe by the late 1700s, the combination of bismuth subsalicylate and zinc salts for ... Bismuth oxychloride and bismuth hydroxide are both believed to have bactericidal effects, as is salicylic acid for ... It is also commonly known as pink bismuth. Bismuth subsalicylate has the empirical chemical formula of C7H5BiO4, and it is a ... Some of the risks of salicylism can apply to the use of bismuth subsalicylate. Children should not take medication with bismuth ...
bismuth | FactMonster
9.75 at 20C; valence +3 or +5. Bismuth is a silver-white, reddish-tinged, brittle ... The major ores of bismuth, bismuthinite (the sulfide), also called bismuth glance, and bismite (the oxide), are found ... bismuth b?zm?th [key] [Ger. Weisse Masse=white mass], metallic chemical element; symbol Bi; at. no. 83; at. wt. 208.98040; m.p ... Bismuth does not tarnish in air, but when heated it burns to form yellow fumes of the trioxide. It reacts with the halogens and ...
Bismuth antimonide - Wikipedia
Bismuth antimonides, Bismuth-antimonys, or Bismuth-antimony alloys, (Bi1−xSbx) are binary alloys of bismuth and antimony in ... Bismuth antimonide itself (see box to right) is sometimes described as Bi2Sb2. Crystals of bismuth antimonides are synthesized ... Pure bismuth is a semimetal, containing a small band gap, which leads to it having a relatively high conductivity (7.7*105 S/m ... Bismuth antimonides are used as the n-type legs in many thermoelectric devices below room temperature. The thermoelectric ...
Bismuth Subsalicylate: MedlinePlus Drug Information
Bismuth Subsalicylate: learn about side effects, dosage, special precautions, and more on MedlinePlus ... Take bismuth subsalicylate exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than recommended by the ... Bismuth subsalicylate comes as a liquid, tablet, or chewable tablet to be taken by mouth, with or without food. Follow the ... Before taking bismuth subsalicylate,. *tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to salicylate pain relievers such as ...
Bismuth - Properties and reactions | Britannica
Bismuth - Properties and reactions: Bismuth is a rather brittle metal with a somewhat pinkish, silvery metallic lustre. Bismuth ... Although it does not tarnish in air at ordinary temperatures, bismuth forms an oxide coating when heated and is oxidized ... Bismuth is a rather brittle metal with a somewhat pinkish, silvery metallic lustre. Bismuth is the most diamagnetic of all ... Bismuth is relatively nontoxic, the least so of the heavy metals. It is generally not an industrial hazard. Although bismuth ...
APS Physics | DCMP | Silicon Bismuth
The bismuth nuclear spin (blue arrow) can tilt in ten different directions, shown in red and yellow. Initialization, ... theoretical work shows the advantages of bismuth qubits in silicon: M. H. Mohammady, G. W. Morley, and T. S. Monteiro. Phys. ... A bismuth atom in one slice of a silicon crystal. The large light green cloud shows the bound electron wavefunction, and the ... A bismuth atom in one slice of a silicon crystal. The large light green cloud shows the bound electron wavefunction, and the ...
Pierre Bismuth<...
Pierre Bismuth, Luca Lo Pinto, and Nicolaus Schafhausen 2013. This publication comprises two volumes: a booklet accompanying ... For his exhibition at Kunsthalle Wien, titled "Der Kurator, der Anwalt und der Psychoanalytiker," Bismuth invited a different ... Dessislava Dimovas essay provides a general overview of Bismuths artistic project, discussing the importance of plasticity, ... Just like the idiosyncratic mix of conceptualism and appropriation refined by Bismuth throughout his career, Things I Remember ...
bismuth molecular entity (CHEBI:37196)
bismuth hydride (CHEBI:37197) is a bismuth molecular entity (CHEBI:37196). elemental bismuth (CHEBI:85541) is a bismuth ... bismuth molecular entity (CHEBI:37196) has part bismuth atom (CHEBI:33301) bismuth molecular entity (CHEBI:37196) is a ... bismuth coordination entity (CHEBI:37384) is a bismuth molecular entity (CHEBI:37196). ... CHEBI:37196 - bismuth molecular entity. Main. ChEBI Ontology. Automatic Xrefs. Reactions. Pathways. Models. ...
Dukas-Debussy by David Bismuth on iTunes
Bismuth - ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)
Bismuth Subsalicylate - Drugs.com
A list of US medications equivalent to Bismuth Subsalicylate is available on the Drugs.com website. ... Bismuth Subsalicylate is a medicine available in a number of countries worldwide. ... In the US, Bismuth Subsalicylate (bismuth subsalicylate systemic) is a member of the drug class antidiarrheals and is used to ... Pepto-Bismol (Bismuth Subsalicylate and Calcium Carbonate). Procter & Gamble, Canada. *Pepto-Bismol Extra Strength. Procter & ...
Bismuth Aluminate - Drugs.com
1988 OSHA PEL Project - Bismuth Telluride | NIOSH | CDC
... and rats exposed to pure undoped bismuth telluride dust at 15 mg/m3 showed the pulmonary responses typical of exposures to ... An eleven-month inhalation study of dogs, rabbits, and rats exposed to pure undoped bismuth telluride dust at 15 mg/m3 showed ... The proposed PELs for bismuth telluride in the undoped form were 10 mg/m3 (total particulate) and 5 mg/m3 (respirable ... Bismuth telluride appears as gray, hexagonal platelets; it is also available as ingots or single crystals. ...
Bismuth - Conservapedia
Bismuth is an element that has the symbol Bi and atomic number 83. It is in the "pnictogen" (phosphorus group) column of the ... alloy uses for bismuth metal as a replacement for lead have become an increasing part of bismuths commercial importance. ... Bismuth compounds are used in cosmetics, medicines, and in medical procedures. As the toxicity of lead has become more apparent ... Alloys with bismuth can have very low melting points, and are used as triggers in fire sprinkler systems. ...
bismuth anion
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database ...
Bismuth dimer
Singh, J.; Nair, K.P.R.; Rai, D.K., A new band system in the emission spectrum of diatomic bismuth, Spectrosc. Lett., 1971, 4, ... Polak, M.L.; Ho, J.; Gerber, G.; Lineberger, W.C., Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Negatively Charged Bismuth Clusters: Bi2-, Bi3 ... Wagner, L.C.; Grimley, R.T., A mass spectrometric study of the bismuth vapor system by the angular distribution technique, Chem ... Reddy, S.P.; Ali, M.K., The emission spectrum of diatomic bismuth, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1970, 35, 285. [all data] ...
Bismuth Subsalicylate
... may cause other side effects. Call your doctor if you have any unusual problems while taking this ... Before taking bismuth subsalicylate,. *tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to salicylate pain relievers such as ... This Bismuth Subsalicylate page on EmpowHER Womens Health works best with javascript enabled in your browser.. Toggle ... Take bismuth subsalicylate exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than recommended by the ...
Bismuth, Metronidazole, and Tetracycline: MedlinePlus Drug Information
Bismuth, Metronidazole, and Tetracycline: learn about side effects, dosage, special precautions, and more on MedlinePlus ... Before taking bismuth, metronidazole, and tetracycline,. *tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to bismuth, ... Bismuth, metronidazole, and tetracycline (Helidac) comes as two chewable bismuth tablets, one metronidazole tablet, and one ... If you are taking bismuth, metronidazole, and tetracycline (Helidac), chew and swallow the bismuth tablets. Swallow the ...
Periodic Table of the Elements: Bismuth | Infoplease
Bismuth Subsalicylate tablets
BISMUTH SUBSALICYLATE (biz muth sub sa LIS i late) relieves the symptoms of diarrhea, upset stomach, heartburn, acid ... Bismuth Subsalicylate tablets. What is this medicine?. BISMUTH SUBSALICYLATE (biz muth sub sa LIS i late) relieves the symptoms ... an unusual or allergic reaction to bismuth subsalicylate, aspirin, other salicylates or other medicines, foods, dyes, or ...
Bismuth Mineral Data
Rock and Mineral Shows Google Search for Bismuth. Weinrich Minerals, Inc. Google Search for Bismuth. Ask about Bismuth here :. ... Visit our Advertisers for Bismuth :. A Bijoux Google Search for Bismuth. Adams Minerals Google Search for Bismuth. Cape ... Google Search for Bismuth. Exceptional Minerals Google Search for Bismuth. John Betts Fine Minerals Search for Bismuth. ... PEBismuth =2,025.91 barns/electron. U=PEBismuth x rElectron Density=15883.30 barns/cc.. ...
Bismuth
- Element information, properties and uses | Periodic Table
Element Bismuth (Bi), Group 15, Atomic Number 83, p-block, Mass 208.980. Sources, facts, uses, scarcity (SRI), podcasts, ... bismuth painting. Painters in Italy including Raphael used both bismuth metal and bismuthinite, bismuth trisulphide in their ... Bismuth was used as an alloying metal in the bronze of the Incas of South America around 1500 AD. Bismuth was not mined as ore ... Bismuth occurs as the native metal, and in ores such as bismuthinite and bismite. The major commercial source of bismuth is as ...
CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards -
Bismuth telluride, undoped
Matildite Bismuth Bismuthinite Image
Bismuth - New World Encyclopedia
When bismuth is burned with oxygen, the flame acquires a blue color, and the bismuth trioxide produced forms yellow fumes. ... Currently, bismuth alloys are widely used for safety devices in fire detection and suppression systems. Bismuth oxychloride is ... Bismuth subnitrate and subcarbonate are used in medicine.. *Bismuth subsalicylate is the active ingredient in certain antacids ... Bismuth shot is one alternative that provides similar ballistic performance. Also, bismuth core bullets are being used in ...
Keyword: Bismuth affair | Mediapart
Bismuth-based Therapy for H. Pylori Eradication in Children
This new study explores the efficacy of bismuth-based therapy for children. ... Results Bismuth monotherapy showed a very low efficacy. Overall, the mean eradication rate with bismuth-based dual therapy was ... 6 weeks of bismuth subsalicylate, 786 mg-1.5 gg, t.d.s.); and ampicillin, 750 mg-1.5 g,g t.d.s.. 6e,f. 100 (61-100)e,f. EGDS (1 ... 4 weeks of bismuth subcitrate, 480 mg/1.73 m2, t.d.s. or q.d.s.; and 2 weeks amoxicillin, 70 mg/kg, b.d.. 22e. 19f. 59 (39-77) ...
Scientists report that bismuth is superconducting | EurekAlert! Science News
Scientists from India report that pure bismuth -- a semimetal with a very low number of electrons per given volume, or carrier ... They report the observation in pure Bismuth single crystals that they prepared. Because Bismuth doesnt fit neatly into the ... In Bismuth, a single electron is shared by 100,000 atoms, making this semimetals carrier density quite low, which has made it ... In fact, Bismuth has been shown to resist superconductivity all the way down to super-cold temperatures of 10 millikelvin. Here ...
SubsalicylateOxychlorideTelluridePeriodic tableCompoundsOxideCrystalsAlloysDiamagneticToxicitySubcarbonateAntimonyElemental bismuthCrystallineSaltsSubnitrateTake bismuthAtomsBrittle metalSemimetalBismuthiniteCosmeticsAtomicMineralsSulfideComparing bismuth-basedPropertiesMineralMetalsIonsPigmentWorld'sFormulaNaturallyTetracyclineLead and bismuthSilveryHigh PurityCationNiobateVanadateAluminateFile:BismuthPure bismuthPentafluorideOresTarnishMetalHttps
Subsalicylate49
- They are used in cosmetics, pigments, and a few pharmaceuticals, notably bismuth subsalicylate , used to treat diarrhea. (wikipedia.org)
- Bismuth subsalicylate, sold under the brand name Pepto-Bismol, is an antacid medication used to treat temporary discomforts of the stomach and gastrointestinal tract, such as diarrhea, indigestion, heartburn and nausea. (wikipedia.org)
- Bismuth subsalicylate has the empirical chemical formula of C7H5BiO4, and it is a colloidal substance obtained by hydrolysis of bismuth salicylate (Bi(C6H4(OH)CO2)3). (wikipedia.org)
- As a derivative of salicylic acid, bismuth subsalicylate displays anti-inflammatory and bactericidal action. (wikipedia.org)
- Some of the risks of salicylism can apply to the use of bismuth subsalicylate. (wikipedia.org)
- Children should not take medication with bismuth subsalicylate while recovering from influenza or chicken pox, as epidemiologic evidence points to an association between the use of salicylate-containing medications during certain viral infections and the onset of Reye's syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
- For the same reason, it is typically recommended that nursing mothers not use medication containing bismuth subsalicylate because small amounts of the medication are excreted in human breast milk, and these pose a theoretical risk of Reye's syndrome to nursing children. (wikipedia.org)
- Salicylates are very toxic to cats, and thus bismuth subsalicylate should not be administered to cats. (wikipedia.org)
- Bismuth subsalicylate is used as an antacid and antidiarrheal, and to treat some other gastrointestinal symptoms, such as nausea. (wikipedia.org)
- The salicylic acid is absorbed and therapeutical concentrations of salicylic acid can be found in blood after bismuth subsalicylate administration. (wikipedia.org)
- Bismuth subsalicylate is the only active ingredient in an over-the-counter drug that can leave a shiny metal oxide slag behind after being completely burnt with a blow torch. (wikipedia.org)
- While bismuth salts were in use in Europe by the late 1700s, the combination of bismuth subsalicylate and zinc salts for astringency with salol (phenyl salicilate) appears to have begun in the US in the early 1900s as a remedy for life-threatening diarrhea in infants with cholera. (wikipedia.org)
- Bismuth subsalicylate is used to treat diarrhea, heartburn, and upset stomach in adults and children 12 years of age and older. (medlineplus.gov)
- Bismuth subsalicylate is in a class of medications called antidiarrheal agents. (medlineplus.gov)
- Bismuth subsalicylate comes as a liquid, tablet, or chewable tablet to be taken by mouth, with or without food. (medlineplus.gov)
- Take bismuth subsalicylate exactly as directed. (medlineplus.gov)
- if you are taking tetracycline antibiotics such as demeclocycline (Declomycin), doxycycline (Doryx, Vibramycin), minocycline (Dynacin, Minocin), and tetracycline (Sumycin), take them at least 1 hour before or 3 hours after taking bismuth subsalicylate. (medlineplus.gov)
- Also ask your doctor before taking bismuth subsalicylate if you have a fever or mucus in your stool. (medlineplus.gov)
- If you will be giving bismuth subsalicylate to a child or teenager, tell the child's doctor if the child has any of the following symptoms before he or she receives the medication: vomiting, listlessness, drowsiness, confusion, aggression, seizures, yellowing of the skin or eyes, weakness, or flu-like symptoms. (medlineplus.gov)
- If your doctor has told you to take bismuth subsalicylate regularly, take the missed dose as soon as you remember it. (medlineplus.gov)
- Bismuth subsalicylate may cause side effects. (medlineplus.gov)
- In the US, Bismuth Subsalicylate (bismuth subsalicylate systemic) is a member of the drug class antidiarrheals and is used to treat Diarrhea , Diarrhea - Chronic , Helicobacter Pylori Infection , Indigestion , Lymphocytic Colitis and Traveler's Diarrhea . (drugs.com)
- Bismuth subsalicylate (PH: Ph. (drugs.com)
- Ask your pharmacist any questions you have about bismuth subsalicylate. (empowher.com)
- You may notice darkening of the stool and/or tongue while you are taking bismuth subsalicylate. (empowher.com)
- BISMUTH SUBSALICYLATE (biz muth sub sa LIS i late) relieves the symptoms of diarrhea, upset stomach, heartburn, acid indigestion, and nausea. (nationwidechildrens.org)
- What is the most important information I should know about bismuth subsalicylate? (cigna.com)
- What is bismuth subsalicylate? (cigna.com)
- Bismuth subsalicylate may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide. (cigna.com)
- What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking bismuth subsalicylate? (cigna.com)
- How should I take bismuth subsalicylate? (cigna.com)
- Drink plenty of liquids while you are taking bismuth subsalicylate. (cigna.com)
- Tell any doctor who treats you that you are using bismuth subsalicylate. (cigna.com)
- Since bismuth subsalicylate is used when needed, you may not be on a dosing schedule. (cigna.com)
- What should I avoid while taking bismuth subsalicylate? (cigna.com)
- What are the possible side effects of bismuth subsalicylate? (cigna.com)
- Bismuth subsalicylate can cause you to have a black or darkened tongue. (cigna.com)
- What other drugs will affect bismuth subsalicylate? (cigna.com)
- Other drugs may affect bismuth subsalicylate, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products. (cigna.com)
- Bismuth supplements often contain bismuth as bismuth subsalicylate, bismuth subcitrate, bismuth subgallate, and other salt forms. (webmd.com)
- Bismuth subsalicylate is recommended by physicians for preventing and treating travelers' diarrhea. (webmd.com)
- You should not use bismuth subsalicylate if you have a stomach ulcer, a recent history of stomach or intestinal bleeding, or if you are allergic to salicylates such as aspirin, Doan's Extra Strength, Salflex, Tricosal, and others. (adventisthealthcare.com)
- Bismuth subsalicylate is an antacid and anti-diarrhea medication. (adventisthealthcare.com)
- Ask a doctor before using bismuth subsalicylate if you are pregnant. (adventisthealthcare.com)
- Bismuth subsalicylate can pass into breast milk and may harm a nursing baby. (adventisthealthcare.com)
- Ask your doctor or pharmacist before taking other antacids or diarrhea medications together with bismuth subsalicylate. (adventisthealthcare.com)
- bismuth subsalicylate is a topic covered in the Davis's Drug Guide . (unboundmedicine.com)
- Washington Manual , www.unboundmedicine.com/washingtonmanual/view/Davis-Drug-Guide/51101/13/bismuth_subsalicylate. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Bismuth subsalicylate is used to treat diarrhea in adults and teenagers. (mayoclinic.org)
Oxychloride15
- Bismuth oxychloride and bismuth hydroxide are both believed to have bactericidal effects, as is salicylic acid for enterotoxigenic E. coli a common cause of "traveler's diarrhea. (wikipedia.org)
- Bismuth is usually determined gravimetrically, being precipitated and weighed as the phosphate or the oxychloride, BiOCl. (britannica.com)
- To produce the latter, a suitable amount of hydrochloric acid is added to a nitric acid solution containing the bismuth, and the resulting solution is poured into a large volume of water, causing the oxychloride to precipitate. (britannica.com)
- Bismuth oxychloride is a naturally ocurring mineral used as a makeup colorant that provides an iridescent (shiny) effect. (ewg.org)
- Show all 1,107 recent products that contain BISMUTH OXYCHLORIDE. (ewg.org)
- Dating back to ancient Egypt, bismuth oxychloride is an inorganic compound of bismuth that is found in the majority of mineral cosmetics. (lorealparisusa.com)
- This is due to its large, plate-like chemical structure, which provides bismuth oxychloride light wave interference effects. (lorealparisusa.com)
- Some cosmetic companies claim that bismuth oxychloride is natural and better for skin than talc. (paulaschoice.com)
- The truth is that in many ways talc is a more natural, unadulterated, pure ingredient than bismuth oxychloride. (paulaschoice.com)
- Bismuth oxychloride, which seldom occurs in nature, is manufactured by combining bismuth, a by-product of lead and copper metal refining, with chloride (a chlorine compound) and water. (paulaschoice.com)
- Bismuth oxychloride is heavier than talc. (paulaschoice.com)
- Bismuth oxychloride was permanently listed by the FDA as a coloring agent in 1977 and for use as a synthetic ingredient. (paulaschoice.com)
- Some people react to bismuth oxychloride due to its unique crystalline structure. (paulaschoice.com)
- This is more of a problem when bismuth oxychloride is the main ingredient in powder makeup. (paulaschoice.com)
- Pure concentrations of bismuth oxychloride nanoparticles appear to have a negative effect on human skin cells. (paulaschoice.com)
Telluride8
- OSHA had no former limit for undoped bismuth telluride, although OSHA's generic total particulate limit of 15 mg/m 3 formerly applied. (cdc.gov)
- An eleven-month inhalation study of dogs, rabbits, and rats exposed to pure undoped bismuth telluride dust at 15 mg/m 3 showed the pulmonary responses typical of exposures to inert dusts (Wagner, Madden, Zimber, and Stokinger 1974, as cited in ACGIH 1986/Ex. (cdc.gov)
- NIOSH has not evaluated the evidence for undoped bismuth telluride in depth (Ex. (cdc.gov)
- OSHA is retaining its permissible exposure limits of 15 mg/m 3 TWA, as total particulate, and 5 mg/m 3 , as the respirable fraction, for pure undoped bismuth telluride. (cdc.gov)
- The Agency concludes that these limits protect workers from the significant risks associated with workplace exposures to bismuth telluride. (cdc.gov)
- and bismuth telluride is used as a thermoelectric material. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- The nanoribbons are made of bismuth telluride, the material behind solid-state cooling technologies such as commercial thermoelectric refrigerators. (purdue.edu)
- Bismuth telluride has been the workhorse material of thermoelectric cooling for decades, but just in the last few years people found this material and related materials have this amazing additional property of being topological insulators," he said. (purdue.edu)
Periodic table3
- In the periodic table , bismuth is located in group 15 (formerly group 5A), below arsenic and antimony . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- In addition, bismuth is placed in the group called "poor metals" (or post-transition metals), which are situated between the transition metals and metalloids in the periodic table . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- Element number 83 of the Periodic Table, Bismuth. (cafepress.com)
Compounds12
- Bismuth compounds account for about half the production of bismuth. (wikipedia.org)
- Although bismuth and certain of its compounds find considerable therapeutic use, some authorities recommend that other remedies be substituted. (britannica.com)
- Soluble inorganic bismuth compounds are toxic. (britannica.com)
- Bismuth compounds are used in cosmetics, medicines, and in medical procedures. (conservapedia.com)
- Conclusions The evidence in favour of bismuth compounds for treating infected children is still not clear. (medscape.com)
- Bismuth compounds have been used for centuries in medicine. (redorbit.com)
- The discovery of H. pylori in 1983 led to renewed interest in bismuth compounds, because these were found to successfully treat the infection in combination with antibiotics. (redorbit.com)
- The research team led by Professor Paul Moayyedi from McMaster University, Canada performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the safety of bismuth compounds, when used in a 1 or 2-week course of H. pylori eradication therapy. (redorbit.com)
- They examined the risk of adverse events in randomized controlled trials using bismuth compounds as part of H. pylori eradication therapy compared to other regimens. (redorbit.com)
- Their results indicated that Bismuth compounds, when used as part of H. pylori eradication therapy, are safe and well-tolerated. (redorbit.com)
- The only adverse event occurring more frequently with bismuth compounds was dark stools, which is of little clinical significance. (redorbit.com)
- For these reasons it is important to be sure of the safety of bismuth compounds. (redorbit.com)
Oxide7
- Elemental bismuth may occur naturally, although its sulfide and oxide form important commercial ores. (wikipedia.org)
- The major ores of bismuth, bismuthinite (the sulfide), also called bismuth glance, and bismite (the oxide), are found extensively in South America but are rare in the United States, where bismuth is obtained as a byproduct of lead and copper refining. (factmonster.com)
- Although it does not tarnish in air at ordinary temperatures, bismuth forms an oxide coating when heated and is oxidized rapidly at its boiling point of 1,560 °C. The yellow colour of this oxide distinguishes it from those formed by other metals. (britannica.com)
- Bismuth is a brittle metal with a white, silver-pink hue, often with an iridescent oxide tarnish showing many colors from yellow to blue. (wikipedia.org)
- When burned in oxygen, bismuth burns with a blue flame and its oxide forms yellow fumes. (wikipedia.org)
- Bismuth oxide is used as a yellow pigment for cosmetics and paints, while bismuth(III) chloride oxide (BiClO) gives a pearly effect to cosmetics. (rsc.org)
- Read this American Journal of Nano Research and Applications at SciencePG and evaluate the impact of biofield energy treatment on atomic, physical, and thermal properties of bismuth oxide powder. (symbaloo.com)
Crystals10
- The spiral, stair-stepped structure of bismuth crystals is the result of a higher growth rate around the outside edges than on the inside edges. (wikipedia.org)
- Crystals of bismuth antimonides are synthesized by melting bismuth and antimony together under inert gas or vacuum. (wikipedia.org)
- When synthesizing single crystals of bismuth antimonides, it is important that impurities are removed from the samples, as oxidation occurring at the impurities leads to polycrystalline growth. (wikipedia.org)
- They report the observation in pure Bismuth single crystals that they prepared. (eurekalert.org)
- Although several reports have been concerned with solution chemistry synthesis of semimetal bismuth and antimony nanocrystals, the synthesis of Bi tubular arrays and flower-shaped crystals and Sb nanobowls, to the best of our knowledge, has not been reported in the literature. (hindawi.com)
- 45g Bismuth Crystals Bismuth Metal crystal from china Free shipping! (aliexpress.com)
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- Of growing interest in rock shops, however, are laboratory-grown bismuth crystals. (galleries.com)
Alloys7
- [5] As the toxicity of lead has become more apparent in recent years, there is an increasing use of bismuth alloys (presently about a third of bismuth production) as a replacement for lead. (wikipedia.org)
- The most important use of bismuth is in the manufacture of low-melting alloys, such as Wood's metal, used in electrical fuses and in automatic fire alarm and sprinkler systems. (factmonster.com)
- Alloys with bismuth can have very low melting points, and are used as triggers in fire sprinkler systems. (conservapedia.com)
- Bismuth antimonides, Bismuth-antimonys, or Bismuth-antimony alloys, (Bi1−xSbx) are binary alloys of bismuth and antimony in various ratios. (wikipedia.org)
- Currently, bismuth alloys are widely used for safety devices in fire detection and suppression systems. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- Among many different thermoelectric materials, bismuth antimony (Bi-Sb) alloys, known as the first topological insulator 5 , stood out as a promising cryogenic temperature TE material. (nature.com)
- Because bismuth expands on freezing , it was long an important component of low-melting typesetting alloys , which needed to expand to fill printing molds. (wikidoc.org)
Diamagnetic6
- Bismuth is the most naturally diamagnetic element, and has one of the lowest values of thermal conductivity among metals. (wikipedia.org)
- Bismuth is the most diamagnetic of all metals (i.e., it exhibits the greatest opposition to being magnetized). (britannica.com)
- No other metal is verified to be more naturally diamagnetic than bismuth. (wikipedia.org)
- Among all the metals , bismuth is the most naturally diamagnetic -in other words, it is the most resistant to being magnetized. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- Our friends stopped by with a simple apparatus to demonstrate the diamagnetic properties of bismuth metal. (evilmadscientist.com)
- No other metal is more naturally diamagnetic (as opposed to superdiamagnetic ) than bismuth, and it has a high electrical resistance . (wikidoc.org)
Toxicity3
- [5] Bismuth has unusually low toxicity for a heavy metal. (wikipedia.org)
- As the toxicity of lead has become more apparent in recent years, alloy uses for bismuth metal as a replacement for lead have become an increasing part of bismuth's commercial importance. (conservapedia.com)
- There has been no summary of evidence for the toxicity of bismuth when used for short periods as part of H. pylori eradication therapy. (redorbit.com)
Subcarbonate1
- Spectrum™ Bismuth Subcarbonate, USP is used as a filler in radiopaque catheters which can be seen by x-ray. (fishersci.com)
Antimony3
- Pure bismuth is a semimetal, containing a small band gap, which leads to it having a relatively high conductivity (7.7*105 S/m at 20 °C). When the bismuth is doped with antimony, the conduction band decreases in energy and the valence band increases in energy. (wikipedia.org)
- Herein we extend this hydrothermal method to the synthesis of semimetal bismuth and antimony films with hierarchical structures. (hindawi.com)
- Bismuth-antimony (Bi-Sb) alloy is a promising material for thermoelectric cooling. (nature.com)
Elemental bismuth1
- Elemental bismuth is one of very few substances of which the liquid phase is denser than its solid phase ( water being the best-known example). (wikidoc.org)
Crystalline5
- Bismuth is a silver-white, reddish-tinged, brittle metallic element with a rhombohedral crystalline structure. (factmonster.com)
- Coarsely crystalline bismuth. (webmineral.com)
- Bismuth (chemical symbol Bi , atomic number 83) is a brittle, white crystalline metal with a pink tinge. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- Bismuth is a crystalline, brittle metal that is silvery-white with an iridescent hue. (healingcrystals.com)
- Bismuth(V) fluoride is a white crystalline solid. (wikipedia.org)
Salts9
- Aim To comprehensively review the clinical, pharmacologic and microbiologic properties of bismuth salts, and to summarise the evidence for the therapeutic efficacy of bismuth-based therapy for H. pylori eradication in children. (medscape.com)
- Bismuth salts are most commonly used for travelers' diarrhea , a digestive tract infection that can lead to ulcers ( Helicobacter pylori or H. pylori), and stomach ulcers. (webmd.com)
- Bismuth salts seem to help eliminate bacteria that cause stomach problems such as diarrhea and stomach ulcers. (webmd.com)
- Bismuth salts also work like an antacid to treat problems such as indigestion. (webmd.com)
- However, bismuth salts might improve healing when taken with antibiotics . (webmd.com)
- Bismuth salts have also been taken in combination with antibiotics and medications that decrease stomach acid (proton pump inhibitors). (webmd.com)
- However, in the 1970s bismuth salts, used at high doses for prolonged periods, were found to lead to neurotoxicity. (redorbit.com)
- Thirty-five randomized controlled trials containing over 4500 patients were identified comparing bismuth with placebo or no treatment, or bismuth salts in combination with antibiotics as part of eradication therapy with the same dose and duration of antibiotics alone or in combination with acid suppression. (redorbit.com)
- Reference: Ford AC, Malfertheiner P, Gigure M, Santana J, Khan M, oayyedi P. Adverse events with bismuth salts for Helicobacter pylori eradication: Systematic review and meta-analysis. (redorbit.com)
Subnitrate2
Take bismuth2
- Take bismuth, metronidazole, and tetracycline at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after you eat or drink foods that contain calcium, such as dairy products and calcium-fortified juices and foods. (medlineplus.gov)
- Your doctor may tell you not to take bismuth, metronidazole, and tetracycline if you are taking disulfiram (Antabuse) or have taken it within the past two weeks. (medlineplus.gov)
Atoms3
- Bismuth atoms have the same electronic structure in their outermost shell as do the other elements of the nitrogen group . (britannica.com)
- Polonium can be artificially made by bombarding atoms of the metal bismuth, seen here, with neutrons. (abc.net.au)
- In Bismuth, a single electron is shared by 100,000 atoms, making this semimetal's carrier density quite low, which has made it seem unlikely it could be a superconductor. (eurekalert.org)
Brittle metal2
- Bismuth is a rather brittle metal with a somewhat pinkish, silvery metallic lustre . (britannica.com)
- In its elemental form, bismuth is a silvery white brittle metal. (americanelements.com)
Semimetal2
- Scientists from India report that pure Bismuth - a semimetal with a very low number of electrons per given volume, or carrier concentration - is superconducting at ultralow temperatures. (eurekalert.org)
- In particular, semimetal bismuth has attracted great attention because of its low carrier density, small effective mass, and large mean-free path, making it an interesting system for studying quantum confinement effects [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Bismuthinite1
- Bismuth occurs as the native metal, and in ores such as bismuthinite and bismite. (rsc.org)
Cosmetics1
- Bismuth is already used in electronic devices, medical products and cosmetics. (scidev.net)
Atomic4
- Bismuth is a chemical element with the symbol Bi and atomic number 83. (wikipedia.org)
- Bismuth was long considered the element with the highest atomic mass that is stable, but in 2003 it was discovered to be extremely weakly radioactive: its only primordial isotope, bismuth-209, decays via alpha decay with a half-life more than a billion times the estimated age of the universe. (wikipedia.org)
- Bismuth is an element that has the symbol Bi and atomic number 83. (conservapedia.com)
- Bismuth (atomic symbol: Bi, atomic number: 83) is a Block P, Group 15, Period 6 element with an atomic radius of 208.98040. (americanelements.com)
Minerals3
- The first data column contains the total number of minerals listed with Bismuth and the element listed for that row. (mindat.org)
- The second data column lists this number as a percentage of all minerals listed with Bismuth. (mindat.org)
- Bismuth orthovanadate occurs naturally in several minerals. (dickblick.com)
Sulfide2
- It can cause a black tongue and black stools in some users of the drug, when it combines with trace amounts of sulfur in saliva and the colon to form bismuth sulfide. (wikipedia.org)
- Bismuth sulfide is a highly insoluble black salt, and the discoloration seen is temporary and harmless. (wikipedia.org)
Comparing bismuth-based1
- Well-designed, randomised, multi-centre studies of H. pylori eradication trials in children comparing bismuth-based triple therapy with the best available recommended first-line therapies are needed. (medscape.com)
Properties7
- Bismuth metal has been known since ancient times, although it was often confused with lead and tin, which share some physical properties. (wikipedia.org)
- The BisNano collaboration between Colombia, the European Union and Mexico seeks to produce new, high-value bismuth-based materials for use in fields such as electronics, by exploring the properties of the metal at the nanoscale. (scidev.net)
- In addition, nanostructured bismuth could exhibit even more interesting electronic and thermoelectric properties [ 3 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Stimulated by these interesting properties, a number of different methods have been developed to prepare various bismuth nanostructures. (hindawi.com)
- Wan-Yusoff, W.M.D. Optical Properties of Bismuth Tellurite Based Glass. (mdpi.com)
- The first attempt to improve BiNbO4 occurred in 1992 when Kagata reported the microwave dielectric properties of bismuth niobate doped with the addition of oxides. (intechopen.com)
- The bismuth-containing oxides have large structural diversity and promising physical properties for applications in optics, nanoelectronics and nanophotonics [ 4 ]. (intechopen.com)
Mineral3
- Artificial bismuth was commonly used in place of the actual mineral. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- This table compares the known valid mineral species listed listed with Bismuth and the other elements listed based on the official IMA formula. (mindat.org)
- Uses: An ore of bismuth and as mineral specimens. (galleries.com)
Metals3
- Agricola , in De Natura Fossilium (c. 1546) states that bismuth is a distinct metal in a family of metals including tin and lead. (wikipedia.org)
- Bismuth is relatively nontoxic, the least so of the heavy metals. (britannica.com)
- Bismuth metal is brittle and so it is usually mixed with other metals to make it useful. (rsc.org)
Ions2
- The density, molar volume and refractive index increase when bismuth ions Bi 3+ increase, this is due to the increased polarization of the ions Bi 3+ and the enhanced formation of non-bridging oxygen (NBO). (mdpi.com)
- This manuscript focuses on a case study that involves bismuth substitution by europium ions. (intechopen.com)
Pigment1
- Bismuth Yellow is an intense, light value, semi-opaque yellow pigment with good tinting strength. (dickblick.com)
World's3
- The People's Republic of China is the world's largest producer of bismuth, followed by Mexico and Peru . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- Although Mexico produces more than 20 per cent of the world's bismuth, it is sold with no treatment. (scidev.net)
- was a professional and depth research report on Global Bismuth Germanate industry that you would know the world's major regional market conditions of Bismuth Germanate industry, the main region including North American, Europe and Asia etc, and the main country including United States ,Germany ,Japan and China etc. (pitchengine.com)
Formula1
- Bismuth Sulfite Agar is a modification of Wilson and Blair formula. (neogen.com)
Naturally1
- Pure bismuth is a naturally occurring, grayish-white powder. (paulaschoice.com)
Tetracycline6
- Bismuth, metronidazole, and tetracycline is used along with other ulcer medications to treat duodenal ulcers. (medlineplus.gov)
- Bismuth, metronidazole, and tetracycline (Helidac) comes as two chewable bismuth tablets, one metronidazole tablet, and one tetracycline capsule to take together by mouth. (medlineplus.gov)
- Bismuth, metronidazole, and tetracycline (Pylera) come as a capsule to take by mouth. (medlineplus.gov)
- If you are taking bismuth, metronidazole, and tetracycline (Helidac), chew and swallow the bismuth tablets. (medlineplus.gov)
- if you are taking antacids containing aluminum, calcium, magnesium or sodium bicarbonate, or zinc supplements, take them 1 to 2 hours before or 1 to 2 hours after bismuth, metronidazole, and tetracycline. (medlineplus.gov)
- If you are taking iron supplements, take them 3 hours before or 2 hours after bismuth, metronidazole, and tetracycline. (medlineplus.gov)
Lead and bismuth1
- Beginning with Johann Heinrich Pott in 1738, Carl Wilhelm Scheele, and Torbern Olof Bergman, the distinctness of lead and bismuth became clear, and Claude François Geoffroy demonstrated in 1753 that this metal is distinct from lead and tin. (wikipedia.org)
Silvery1
- Bismuth is a high-density, silvery, pink-tinged metal. (rsc.org)
High Purity1
- American Elements specializes in producing high purity Bismuth Ferrite (Garnet, Bi 3 Fe 5 O 12 ) Sputtering Targets with the highest possible density and smallest possible average grain sizes for use in semiconductor, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) display and optical applications. (americanelements.com)
Cation1
- The bismuth cation coordinates at three different ethanedisulfonate ligands and has a coordination number of eight, which is accompanied by a distorted square antiprismatic configuration. (mdpi.com)
Niobate4
- The bismuth-based dielectric ceramics are extensively studied for this purpose, namely, the bismuth niobate (BiNbO4). (intechopen.com)
- They present stibiotantalite structure, where "A" can be bismuth (Bi 3+ ) and "B" niobium (Nb 5+ ) cations, composing the bismuth niobate, BiNbO 4 [ 2 , 3 ]. (intechopen.com)
- The bismuth niobate exists in two polymorph structures, an orthorhombic (α) phase and a triclinic (β) phase. (intechopen.com)
- In the last three decades, the bismuth niobate ceramics have been studied as a dielectric material for applications in radio and microwave frequency range, since the development of the communication systems forced the device miniaturisation, and, for that, new dielectric materials are needed [ 3 , 5 ]. (intechopen.com)
Vanadate1
- Bismuth vanadate is a promising photoanode material, but recent reports on undoped BiVO 4 without sublayers and co-catalysts showed large variations in photocurrent generation. (rsc.org)
Aluminate1
- Bismuth (aluminate de) (PH: Ph. (drugs.com)
File:Bismuth1
- This work, "Bismuth", is a derivative of "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bismuth_crystal_artificial.jpg" by Alchemist-hp, used under CC BY. (spreadshirt.com)
Pure bismuth1
- Also, The Seebeck coefficient (the ratio of the potential difference between ends of a material to the temperature difference between the sides) at 80K of Bi.9Sb.1 is -140μV/K, much smaller than the Seebeck coefficient of pure bismuth, -50μV/K. Jain, A. L. (1959). (wikipedia.org)
Pentafluoride1
- Bismuth(V) fluoride , also known as bismuth pentafluoride , is a chemical compound . (wikipedia.org)
Ores1
- The major commercial source of bismuth is as a by-product of refining lead, copper, tin, silver and gold ores. (rsc.org)
Tarnish1
- Bismuth does not tarnish in air, but when heated it burns to form yellow fumes of the trioxide. (factmonster.com)
Metal10
- Bismuth was recognized as a metal by early observers, including Georg Agricola, in the 16th cent. (factmonster.com)
- When deposited in sufficiently thin layers on a substrate, bismuth is a semiconductor, despite being a post-transition metal. (wikipedia.org)
- Bismuth was used as an alloying metal in the bronze of the Incas of South America around 1500 AD. (rsc.org)
- Bismuth was not mined as ore but appears to have occurred as the native metal. (rsc.org)
- At the business end of the scale, there is a cylinder of bismuth metal about 1 cm in diameter, held in place by a rubber band. (evilmadscientist.com)
- MEXICO CITY] Mexico's profits from mining bismuth metal could increase tenfold with the use of nanotechnology , if an international research project lives up to its promise. (scidev.net)
- Another aspect of the project is evaluating bismuth as a 'green metal' - a substitute for lead and mercury in products. (scidev.net)
- Here, we report on the crystal structure of this bismuth metal-organic framework and its coordination behavior, which has thus far not been reported in heavier main group elements. (mdpi.com)
- Bi nanowires and nanorods were prepared by high pressure injection of the liquid metal or vapor phase of bismuth into the channels of porous anodic alumina template [ 6 , 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
- When deposited in sufficiently thin layers on a substrate, bismuth is a semiconductor , rather than a poor metal . (wikidoc.org)
Https2
- https://grovecanada.ca How to see Bismuth in the Filterra App for iPhone! (slideshare.net)
- https://grovecanada.ca You use the Fluorine family to remove Bismuth: Moringa Oleifera, Betain Hcl, Neem extract. (slideshare.net)