Birth rate. Medical search

The number of births in a given population per year or other unit of time.

The event that a FETUS is born alive with heartbeats or RESPIRATION regardless of GESTATIONAL AGE. Such liveborn is called a newborn infant (INFANT, NEWBORN).

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.

CHILDBIRTH before 37 weeks of PREGNANCY (259 days from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period, or 245 days after FERTILIZATION).

Pregnancy in human adolescent females under the age of 19.

The ratio of the number of conceptions (CONCEPTION) including LIVE BIRTH; STILLBIRTH; and fetal losses, to the mean number of females of reproductive age in a population during a set time period.

Results of conception and ensuing pregnancy, including LIVE BIRTH; STILLBIRTH; SPONTANEOUS ABORTION; INDUCED ABORTION. The outcome may follow natural or artificial insemination or any of the various ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNIQUES, such as EMBRYO TRANSFER or FERTILIZATION IN VITRO.

The transfer of mammalian embryos from an in vivo or in vitro environment to a suitable host to improve pregnancy or gestational outcome in human or animal. In human fertility treatment programs, preimplantation embryos ranging from the 4-cell stage to the blastocyst stage are transferred to the uterine cavity between 3-5 days after FERTILIZATION IN VITRO.

An assisted reproductive technique that includes the direct handling and manipulation of oocytes and sperm to achieve fertilization in vitro.

The state of birth outside of wedlock. It may refer to the offspring or the parents.

An infant having a birth weight of 2500 gm. (5.5 lb.) or less but INFANT, VERY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT is available for infants having a birth weight of 1500 grams (3.3 lb.) or less.

An infant during the first month after birth.

The offspring in multiple pregnancies (PREGNANCY, MULTIPLE): TWINS; TRIPLETS; QUADRUPLETS; QUINTUPLETS; etc.

Clinical and laboratory techniques used to enhance fertility in humans and animals.

The age of the mother in PREGNANCY.

The condition of carrying two or more FETUSES simultaneously.

Official certifications by a physician recording the individual's birth date, place of birth, parentage and other required identifying data which are filed with the local registrar of vital statistics.

Techniques for the artifical induction of ovulation, the rupture of the follicle and release of the ovum.

Procedures to obtain viable OOCYTES from the host. Oocytes most often are collected by needle aspiration from OVARIAN FOLLICLES before OVULATION.

An assisted fertilization technique consisting of the microinjection of a single viable sperm into an extracted ovum. It is used principally to overcome low sperm count, low sperm motility, inability of sperm to penetrate the egg, or other conditions related to male infertility (INFERTILITY, MALE).

Used for general articles concerning statistics of births, deaths, marriages, etc.

Diminished or absent ability of a female to achieve conception.

Endometrial implantation of EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN at the BLASTOCYST stage.

Inability to reproduce after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Reproductive sterility is permanent infertility.

Preservation of cells, tissues, organs, or embryos by freezing. In histological preparations, cryopreservation or cryofixation is used to maintain the existing form, structure, and chemical composition of all the constituent elements of the specimens.

Substances used either in the prevention or facilitation of pregnancy.

A major gonadotropin secreted by the human adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Follicle-stimulating hormone stimulates GAMETOGENESIS and the supporting cells such as the ovarian GRANULOSA CELLS, the testicular SERTOLI CELLS, and the LEYDIG CELLS. FSH consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. The alpha subunit is common in the three human pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH, and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.

Expulsion of the product of FERTILIZATION before completing the term of GESTATION and without deliberate interference.

A technique that came into use in the mid-1980's for assisted conception in infertile women with normal fallopian tubes. The protocol consists of hormonal stimulation of the ovaries, followed by laparoscopic follicular aspiration of oocytes, and then the transfer of sperm and oocytes by catheterization into the fallopian tubes.

The techniques used to select and/or place only one embryo from FERTILIZATION IN VITRO into the uterine cavity to establish a singleton pregnancy.

The age of the conceptus, beginning from the time of FERTILIZATION. In clinical obstetrics, the gestational age is often estimated as the time from the last day of the last MENSTRUATION which is about 2 weeks before OVULATION and fertilization.

A triphenyl ethylene stilbene derivative which is an estrogen agonist or antagonist depending on the target tissue. Note that ENCLOMIPHENE and ZUCLOMIPHENE are the (E) and (Z) isomers of Clomiphene respectively.

The sequence in which children are born into the family.

Extraction of the FETUS by means of abdominal HYSTEROTOMY.

Postnatal deaths from BIRTH to 365 days after birth in a given population. Postneonatal mortality represents deaths between 28 days and 365 days after birth (as defined by National Center for Health Statistics). Neonatal mortality represents deaths from birth to 27 days after birth.

Compounds which increase the capacity to conceive in females.

Three or more consecutive spontaneous abortions.

Termination of pregnancy under conditions allowed under local laws. (POPLINE Thesaurus, 1991)

Conditions or pathological processes associated with pregnancy. They can occur during or after pregnancy, and range from minor discomforts to serious diseases that require medical interventions. They include diseases in pregnant females, and pregnancies in females with diseases.

Human artificial insemination in which the husband's semen is used.

The capacity to conceive or to induce conception. It may refer to either the male or female.

Delivery of the FETUS and PLACENTA under the care of an obstetrician or a health worker. Obstetric deliveries may involve physical, psychological, medical, or surgical interventions.

A center in the PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE which is primarily concerned with the collection, analysis, and dissemination of health statistics on vital events and health activities to reflect the health status of people, health needs, and health resources.

The technique of maintaining or growing mammalian EMBRYOS in vitro. This method offers an opportunity to observe EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT; METABOLISM; and susceptibility to TERATOGENS.

A natural, adoptive, or substitute parent of a dependent child, who lives with only one parent. The single parent may live with or visit the child. The concept includes the never-married, as well as the divorced and widowed.

Age of the biological father.

Care provided the pregnant woman in order to prevent complications, and decrease the incidence of maternal and prenatal mortality.

Two individuals derived from two FETUSES that were fertilized at or about the same time, developed in the UTERUS simultaneously, and born to the same mother. Twins are either monozygotic (TWINS, MONOZYGOTIC) or dizygotic (TWINS, DIZYGOTIC).

The earliest developmental stage of a fertilized ovum (ZYGOTE) during which there are several mitotic divisions within the ZONA PELLUCIDA. Each cleavage or segmentation yields two BLASTOMERES of about half size of the parent cell. This cleavage stage generally covers the period up to 16-cell MORULA.

A potent synthetic agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE with 3-(2-naphthyl)-D-alanine substitution at residue 6. Nafarelin has been used in the treatments of central PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY and ENDOMETRIOSIS.

The number of males per 100 females.

Number of fetal deaths with stated or presumed gestation of 20 weeks or more in a given population. Late fetal mortality is death after of 28 weeks or more.

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

A person who has not attained the age at which full civil rights are accorded.

Reporting to parents or guardians about care to be provided to a minor (MINORS).

Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.

Intentional removal of a fetus from the uterus by any of a number of techniques. (POPLINE, 1978)

Transfer of preovulatory oocytes from donor to a suitable host. Oocytes are collected, fertilized in vitro, and transferred to a host that can be human or animal.

Death of the developing young in utero. BIRTH of a dead FETUS is STILLBIRTH.

Extracts of urine from menopausal women that contain high concentrations of pituitary gonadotropins, FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE and LUTEINIZING HORMONE. Menotropins are used to treat infertility. The FSH:LH ratio and degree of purity vary in different preparations.

A demographic parameter indicating a person's status with respect to marriage, divorce, widowhood, singleness, etc.

The lengths of intervals between births to women in the population.

Artificial introduction of SEMEN or SPERMATOZOA into the VAGINA to facilitate FERTILIZATION.

A post-MORULA preimplantation mammalian embryo that develops from a 32-cell stage into a fluid-filled hollow ball of over a hundred cells. A blastocyst has two distinctive tissues. The outer layer of trophoblasts gives rise to extra-embryonic tissues. The inner cell mass gives rise to the embryonic disc and eventual embryo proper.

The event that a FETUS is born dead or stillborn.

The process of giving birth to one or more offspring.

Suspension or cessation of OVULATION in animals or humans with follicle-containing ovaries (OVARIAN FOLLICLE). Depending on the etiology, OVULATION may be induced with appropriate therapy.

Determination of the nature of a pathological condition or disease in the OVUM; ZYGOTE; or BLASTOCYST prior to implantation. CYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS is performed to determine the presence or absence of genetic disease.

The number of offspring a female has borne. It is contrasted with GRAVIDITY, which refers to the number of pregnancies, regardless of outcome.

Onset of OBSTETRIC LABOR before term (TERM BIRTH) but usually after the FETUS has become viable. In humans, it occurs sometime during the 29th through 38th week of PREGNANCY. TOCOLYSIS inhibits premature labor and can prevent the BIRTH of premature infants (INFANT, PREMATURE).

A course or method of action selected, usually by a government, to guide and determine present and future decisions on population control by limiting the number of children or controlling fertility, notably through family planning and contraception within the nuclear family.

Statistical interpretation and description of a population with reference to distribution, composition, or structure.

Procedures to obtain viable sperm from the male reproductive tract, including the TESTES, the EPIDIDYMIS, or the VAS DEFERENS.

Diseases involving the FALLOPIAN TUBES including neoplasms (FALLOPIAN TUBE NEOPLASMS); SALPINGITIS; tubo-ovarian abscess; and blockage.

The non-susceptibility to infection of a large group of individuals in a population. A variety of factors can be responsible for herd immunity and this gives rise to the different definitions used in the literature. Most commonly, herd immunity refers to the case when, if most of the population is immune, infection of a single individual will not cause an epidemic. Also, in such immunized populations, susceptible individuals are not likely to become infected. Herd immunity can also refer to the case when unprotected individuals fail to contract a disease because the infecting organism has been banished from the population.

Artificially induced UTERINE CONTRACTION. Generally, LABOR, OBSTETRIC is induced with the intent to cause delivery of the fetus and termination of pregnancy.

Persons living in the United States of Mexican (MEXICAN AMERICANS), Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central or South American, or other Spanish culture or origin. The concept does not include Brazilian Americans or Portuguese Americans.

Mechanical or anoxic trauma incurred by the infant during labor or delivery.

Methods pertaining to the generation of new individuals, including techniques used in selective BREEDING, cloning (CLONING, ORGANISM), and assisted reproduction (REPRODUCTIVE TECHNIQUES, ASSISTED).

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

A condition of having no sperm present in the ejaculate (SEMEN).

Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.

Malformations of organs or body parts during development in utero.

Health care programs or services designed to assist individuals in the planning of family size. Various methods of CONTRACEPTION can be used to control the number and timing of childbirths.

A complication of OVULATION INDUCTION in infertility treatment. It is graded by the severity of symptoms which include OVARY enlargement, multiple OVARIAN FOLLICLES; OVARIAN CYSTS; ASCITES; and generalized EDEMA. The full-blown syndrome may lead to RENAL FAILURE, respiratory distress, and even DEATH. Increased capillary permeability is caused by the vasoactive substances, such as VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTORS, secreted by the overly-stimulated OVARIES.

A human infant born before 37 weeks of GESTATION.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A gonadotropic glycoprotein hormone produced primarily by the PLACENTA. Similar to the pituitary LUTEINIZING HORMONE in structure and function, chorionic gonadotropin is involved in maintaining the CORPUS LUTEUM during pregnancy. CG consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is virtually identical to the alpha subunits of the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH, and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity (CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN, BETA SUBUNIT, HUMAN).

Hormones that stimulate gonadal functions such as GAMETOGENESIS and sex steroid hormone production in the OVARY and the TESTIS. Major gonadotropins are glycoproteins produced primarily by the adenohypophysis (GONADOTROPINS, PITUITARY) and the placenta (CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN). In some species, pituitary PROLACTIN and PLACENTAL LACTOGEN exert some luteotropic activities.

A potent synthetic analog of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE with D-serine substitution at residue 6, glycine10 deletion, and other modifications.

The fusion of a spermatozoon (SPERMATOZOA) with an OVUM thus resulting in the formation of a ZYGOTE.

A major gonadotropin secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Follicle-stimulating hormone stimulates GAMETOGENESIS and the supporting cells such as the ovarian GRANULOSA CELLS, the testicular SERTOLI CELLS, and LEYDIG CELLS. FSH consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is common in the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH, and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.

Persons living in the United States having origins in any of the black groups of Africa.

Individuals whose ancestral origins are in the continent of Europe.

The total process by which organisms produce offspring. (Stedman, 25th ed)

Social and economic factors that characterize the individual or group within the social structure.

A decapeptide that stimulates the synthesis and secretion of both pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE. GnRH is produced by neurons in the septum PREOPTIC AREA of the HYPOTHALAMUS and released into the pituitary portal blood, leading to stimulation of GONADOTROPHS in the ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Female germ cells derived from OOGONIA and termed OOCYTES when they enter MEIOSIS. The primary oocytes begin meiosis but are arrested at the diplotene state until OVULATION at PUBERTY to give rise to haploid secondary oocytes or ova (OVUM).

The inability of the male to effect FERTILIZATION of an OVUM after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Male sterility is permanent infertility.

Statistical models which describe the relationship between a qualitative dependent variable (that is, one which can take only certain discrete values, such as the presence or absence of a disease) and an independent variable. A common application is in epidemiology for estimating an individual's risk (probability of a disease) as a function of a given risk factor.

Delivery of an infant through the vagina in a female who has had a prior cesarean section.

An infant having a birth weight lower than expected for its gestational age.

Groups of individuals whose putative ancestry is from native continental populations based on similarities in physical appearance.

The entity of a developing mammal (MAMMALS), generally from the cleavage of a ZYGOTE to the end of embryonic differentiation of basic structures. For the human embryo, this represents the first two months of intrauterine development preceding the stages of the FETUS.

Morphological and physiological development of EMBRYOS.

Focus on adolescent pregnancy and childbearing: a bit of history and implications for the 21st century. (1/665)

Early childbearing in the United States has roots in the past; is the focus of intense partisan debate at the present time; and will have demographic, social, and economic ramifications in the future. It is an extremely complex issue, for which its associated problems have no easy or simple answers. Early parenthood is viewed as a social problem that has defied public policy attempts to stem its growth. It has become the focus of concern primarily for three reasons: (1) sexual activity has increased sharply, most recently among the youngest teens; (2) out-of-wedlock childbearing has risen among all teenagers, regardless of age; and (3) the issue of welfare. A review of statistics highlights the problem and discussion focuses on means of mitigating the negative effects of early childbearing. (+info)

Driving through: postpartum care during World War II. (2/665)

In 1996, public outcry over shortened hospital stays for new mothers and their infants led to the passage of a federal law banning "drive-through deliveries." This recent round of brief postpartum stays is not unprecedented. During World War II, a baby boom overwhelmed maternity facilities in American hospitals. Hospital births became more popular and accessible as the Emergency Maternal and Infant Care program subsidized obstetric care for servicemen's wives. Although protocols before the war had called for prolonged bed rest in the puerperium, medical theory was quickly revised as crowded hospitals were forced to discharge mothers after 24 hours. To compensate for short inpatient stays, community-based services such as visiting nursing care, postnatal homes, and prenatal classes evolved to support new mothers. Fueled by rhetoric that identified maternal-child health as a critical factor in military morale, postpartum care during the war years remained comprehensive despite short hospital stays. The wartime experience offers a model of alternatives to legislation for ensuring adequate care of postpartum women. (+info)

Preterm singleton births--United States, 1989-1996. (3/665)

Preterm birth (birth at <37 completed weeks of gestation) is the second leading cause of neonatal mortality in the United States. Preterm birthrates differ by race; in 1996, black infants were 1.8 times more likely than white infants to be preterm. From 1989 through 1996, the overall rate of preterm birth (per 1000 live-born infants) increased 4%, and the rate of multiple births (e.g., twins, triplets, or other higher-order births) increased 19%. Multiple births are associated with preterm birth; trends in preterm births independent of the influence of multiple births have not been fully explored. To characterize race- and ethnicity-specific trends in preterm birth independent of multiple births, data from U.S. birth certificates for 1989-1996 were analyzed for singleton births only. This report summarizes the results of this analysis and indicates that although singleton preterm birthrates are stable overall, substantial changes in rates occurred in some racial/ethnic subgroups. (+info)

Relation between size of delivery unit and neonatal death in low risk deliveries: population based study. (4/665)

AIM: To examine risk of neonatal death after low risk pregnancies in relation to size of delivery units. METHODS: A population based study of live born singleton infants in Norway with birthweights of at least 2500 g was carried out. Antenatal risk factors were adjusted for. RESULTS: From 1972 to 1995, 1.25 million births fulfilled the criteria. The neonatal death rate was lowest for maternity units with 2001-3000 annual births and steadily increased with decreasing size of the maternity unit to around twice that for units with less than 100 births a year (odds ratio 2.1; 95 % confidence interval 1.6 to 2.8). Institutions with more than 3000 deliveries a year also had a higher rate (odds ratio 1.7; 95% CI 1.4 to 2.0), but analyses suggest that this rate is overestimated. CONCLUSION: Around 2000 to 3000 annual births are needed to reduce the risk of neonatal deaths after low risk deliveries. (+info)

Fertility rates in Denmark in relation to the sexes of preceding children in the family. (5/665)

Analysis of the effect of sex combination of previously born children in the family on fertility rates was performed for 363,373 Danish families comprising a total of 613,900 children, to address the questions of sex preference and combination preference. The fertility rates were stratified by parental age, period and latency time to the next child, and fertility rate ratios were estimated using multiplicative Poisson regression models. Our results demonstrate a strong preference for a balanced composition of sexes in Danish families. In families with two or three children the highest fertility rates were seen in families who had same-sexed children. The lowest fertility rates were in families with two children of identical sex followed by a child of the opposite sex. A moderate sex preference for girls was indicated by higher fertility rates in two-boy families than in two-girl families. (+info)

Effect of labour induction on rates of stillbirth and cesarean section in post-term pregnancies. (6/665)

BACKGROUND: Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials suggest that elective induction of labour at 41 weeks' gestation, compared with expectant management with selective labour induction, is associated with fewer perinatal deaths and no increase in the cesarean section rate. The authors studied the changes over time in the rates of labour induction in post-term pregnancies in Canada and examined the effects on the rates of stillbirth and cesarean section. METHODS: Changes in the proportion of total births at 41 weeks' and at 42 or more weeks' gestation, and in the rate of stillbirths at 41 or more weeks' (versus 40 weeks') gestation in Canada between 1980 and 1995 were determined using data from Statistics Canada. Changes in the rates of labour induction and cesarean section were determined using data from hospital and provincial sources. RESULTS: There was a marked increase in the proportion of births at 41 weeks' gestation (from 11.9% in 1980 to 16.3% in 1995) and a marked decrease in the proportion at 42 or more weeks (from 7.1% in 1980 to 2.9% in 1995). The rate of stillbirths among deliveries at 41 or more weeks' gestation decreased significantly, from 2.8 per 1000 total births in 1980 to 0.9 per 1000 total births in 1995 (p < 0.001). The stillbirth rate also decreased significantly among births at 40 weeks' gestation, from 1.8 per 1000 total births in 1980 to 1.1 per 1000 total births in 1995 (p < 0.001). The magnitude of the decrease in the stillbirth rate at 41 or more weeks' gestation was greater than that at 40 weeks' gestation (p < 0.001). All hospital and provincial sources of data indicated that the rate of labour induction increased significantly between 1980 and 1995 among women delivering at 41 or more weeks' gestation. The associated changes in rates of cesarean section were variable. INTERPRETATION: Between 1980 and 1995 clinical practice for the management of post-term pregnancy changed in Canada. The increased rate of labour induction at 41 or more weeks' gestation may have contributed to the decreased stillbirth rate but it had no convincing influence either way on the cesarean section rate. (+info)

Regional variations in need for and provision and use of child health services in England and Wales. (7/665)

An analysis of indicators of the need for and provision and use of child health services in the 15 pre- 1974 hospital board regions in England and Wales showed that need and provisions were badly matched. There was a high degree of correlation between the indices within each of the three groups, indicating that a region with a small provision in one area of child health services would tend to have few resources in other areas also. Statistics on the use of services relate more to the provision of those services than to the need for them. Regions with large resources will justify these resources by claiming that their use statistics indicate needs, whereas they really indicate met demands. It is more important to identify demands and needs that are not being met. (+info)

Births: final data for 1997. (8/665)

OBJECTIVES: This report presents 1997 data on U.S. births according to a wide variety of characteristics. Data are presented for maternal demographic characteristics including age, live-birth order, race, Hispanic origin, marital status, and educational attainment; maternal lifestyle and health characteristics (medical risk factors, weight gain, and tobacco and alcohol use); medical care utilization by pregnant women (prenatal care, obstetric procedures, complications of labor and/or delivery, attendant at birth, and method of delivery); and infant health characteristics (period of gestation, birthweight, Apgar score, abnormal conditions, congenital anomalies, and multiple births). Also presented are birth and fertility rates by age, live-birth order, race, Hispanic origin, and marital status. Selected data by mother's State of residence are shown including teenage birth rates and total fertility rates, as well as data on month and day of birth, sex ratio, and age of father. Trends in fertility patterns and maternal and infant characteristics are described and interpreted. METHODS: Descriptive tabulations of data reported on the birth certificates of the 3.9 million births that occurred in 1997 are presented. RESULTS: Birth and fertility rates declined very slightly in 1997. Birth rates for teenagers fell 3 to 5 percent. Rates for women in their twenties changed very little, whereas rates for women in their thirties rose 2 percent. The number of births and the birth rate for unmarried women each declined slightly in 1997 while the percent of births that were to unmarried women was unchanged. Smoking by pregnant women overall dropped again in 1997, but continued to increase among teenagers. Improvements in prenatal care utilization continued. The cesarean delivery rate increased slightly after declining for 7 consecutive years. The proportion of multiple birth continued to rise; higher order multiple births (e.g., triplets, quadruplets) rose by 14 percent in 1997, following a 20 percent rise from 1995 to 1996. Key measures of birth outcome--the percents of low birthweight and preterm births--increased, with particularly large increases in the preterm rate. These changes are in large part the result of increases in multiple births. (+info)

Low birth weight is defined as less than 2500 grams (5 pounds 8 ounces) and is associated with a higher risk of health problems, including respiratory distress, infection, and developmental delays. Premature birth is also a risk factor for low birth weight, as premature infants may not have had enough time to grow to a healthy weight before delivery.

On the other hand, high birth weight is associated with an increased risk of macrosomia, a condition in which the baby is significantly larger than average and may require a cesarean section (C-section) or assisted delivery. Macrosomia can also increase the risk of injury to the mother during delivery.

Birth weight can be influenced by various factors during pregnancy, including maternal nutrition, prenatal care, and fetal growth patterns. However, it is important to note that birth weight alone is not a definitive indicator of a baby's health or future development. Other factors, such as the baby's overall physical condition, Apgar score (a measure of the baby's well-being at birth), and postnatal care, are also important indicators of long-term health outcomes.

Premature birth can be classified into several categories based on gestational age at birth:

1. Extreme prematurity: Born before 24 weeks of gestation.
2. Very preterm: Born between 24-27 weeks of gestation.
3. Moderate to severe preterm: Born between 28-32 weeks of gestation.
4. Late preterm: Born between 34-36 weeks of gestation.

The causes of premature birth are not fully understood, but several factors have been identified as increasing the risk of premature birth. These include:

1. Previous premature birth
2. Multiple gestations (twins, triplets etc.)
3. History of cervical surgery or cervical incompetence
4. Chronic medical conditions such as hypertension and diabetes
5. Infections such as group B strep or urinary tract infections
6. Pregnancy-related complications such as preeclampsia and placenta previa
7. Stress and poor social support
8. Smoking, alcohol and drug use during pregnancy
9. Poor nutrition and lack of prenatal care.

Premature birth can have significant short-term and long-term health consequences for the baby, including respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, intraventricular hemorrhage, retinopathy of prematurity and necrotizing enterocolitis. Children who are born prematurely may also have developmental delays, learning disabilities and behavioral problems later in life.

There is no single test that can predict premature birth with certainty, but several screening tests are available to identify women at risk. These include ultrasound examination, maternal serum screening for estriol and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A), and cervical length measurement.

While there is no proven way to prevent premature birth entirely, several strategies have been shown to reduce the risk, including:

1. Progesterone supplementation: Progesterone appears to help prevent preterm labor in some women with a history of previous preterm birth or other risk factors.
2. Corticosteroids: Corticosteroids given to mothers at risk of preterm birth can help mature the baby's lungs and reduce the risk of respiratory distress syndrome.
3. Calcium supplementation: Calcium may help improve fetal bone development and reduce the risk of premature birth.
4. Good prenatal care: Regular prenatal check-ups, proper nutrition and avoiding smoking, alcohol and drug use during pregnancy can help reduce the risk of premature birth.
5. Avoiding stress: Stress can increase the risk of premature birth, so finding ways to manage stress during pregnancy is important.
6. Preventing infections: Infections such as group B strep and urinary tract infections can increase the risk of premature birth, so it's important to take steps to prevent them.
7. Maintaining a healthy weight gain during pregnancy: Excessive weight gain during pregnancy can increase the risk of premature birth.
8. Avoiding preterm contractions: Preterm contractions can be a sign of impending preterm labor, so it's important to be aware of them and seek medical attention if they occur.
9. Prolonged gestation: Prolonging pregnancy beyond 37 weeks may reduce the risk of premature birth.
10. Cervical cerclage: A cervical cerclage is a stitch used to close the cervix and prevent preterm birth in women with a short cervix or other risk factors.

It's important to note that not all of these strategies will be appropriate or effective for every woman, so it's important to discuss your individual risk factors and any concerns you may have with your healthcare provider.

Causes of Female Infertility
--------------------------

There are several potential causes of female infertility, including:

1. Hormonal imbalances: Disorders such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), thyroid dysfunction, and premature ovarian failure can affect hormone levels and ovulation.
2. Ovulatory disorders: Problems with ovulation, such as anovulation or oligoovulation, can make it difficult to conceive.
3. Tubal damage: Damage to the fallopian tubes due to pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, or surgery can prevent the egg from traveling through the tube and being fertilized.
4. Endometriosis: This condition occurs when tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside of the uterus, causing inflammation and scarring that can lead to infertility.
5. Fibroids: Noncancerous growths in the uterus can interfere with implantation of a fertilized egg or disrupt ovulation.
6. Pelvic adhesions: Scar tissue in the pelvis can cause fallopian tubes to become damaged or blocked, making it difficult for an egg to travel through the tube and be fertilized.
7. Uterine or cervical abnormalities: Abnormalities such as a bicornuate uterus or a narrow cervix can make it difficult for a fertilized egg to implant in the uterus.
8. Age: A woman's age can affect her fertility, as the quality and quantity of her eggs decline with age.
9. Lifestyle factors: Factors such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and being overweight or underweight can affect fertility.
10. Stress: Chronic stress can disrupt hormone levels and ovulation, making it more difficult to conceive.

It's important to note that many of these factors can be treated with medical assistance, such as medication, surgery, or assisted reproductive technology (ART) like in vitro fertilization (IVF). If you are experiencing difficulty getting pregnant, it is recommended that you speak with a healthcare provider to determine the cause of your infertility and discuss potential treatment options.

Infertility can be classified into two main categories:

1. Primary infertility: This type of infertility occurs when a couple has not been able to conceive a child after one year of regular sexual intercourse, and there is no known cause for the infertility.
2. Secondary infertility: This type of infertility occurs when a couple has been able to conceive at least once before but is now experiencing difficulty in conceiving again.

There are several factors that can contribute to infertility, including:

1. Age: Women's fertility declines with age, especially after the age of 35.
2. Hormonal imbalances: Imbalances of hormones such as progesterone, estrogen, and thyroid hormones can affect ovulation and fertility.
3. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): A common condition that affects ovulation and can cause infertility.
4. Endometriosis: A condition in which the tissue lining the uterus grows outside the uterus, causing inflammation and scarring that can lead to infertility.
5. Male factor infertility: Low sperm count, poor sperm quality, and blockages in the reproductive tract can all contribute to infertility.
6. Lifestyle factors: Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, being overweight or underweight, and stress can all affect fertility.
7. Medical conditions: Certain medical conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, and thyroid disorders can affect fertility.
8. Uterine or cervical abnormalities: Abnormalities in the shape or structure of the uterus or cervix can make it difficult for a fertilized egg to implant in the uterus.
9. Previous surgeries: Surgeries such as hysterectomy, tubal ligation, and cesarean section can affect fertility.
10. Age: Both male and female age can impact fertility, with a decline in fertility beginning in the mid-30s and a significant decline after age 40.

It's important to note that many of these factors can be treated with medical interventions or lifestyle changes, so it's important to speak with a healthcare provider if you are experiencing difficulty getting pregnant.

A condition in which spontaneous abortions occur repeatedly, often due to an underlying cause such as a uterine anomaly or infection. Also called recurrent spontaneous abortion.

Synonym(s): habitual abortion, recurrent abortion, spontaneous abortion.

Antonym(s): multiple pregnancy, retained placenta.

Example Sentence: "The patient had experienced four habitual abortions in the past year and was concerned about her ability to carry a pregnancy to term."

1. Preeclampsia: A condition characterized by high blood pressure during pregnancy, which can lead to complications such as stroke or premature birth.
2. Gestational diabetes: A type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy, which can cause complications for both the mother and the baby if left untreated.
3. Placenta previa: A condition in which the placenta is located low in the uterus, covering the cervix, which can cause bleeding and other complications.
4. Premature labor: Labor that occurs before 37 weeks of gestation, which can increase the risk of health problems for the baby.
5. Fetal distress: A condition in which the fetus is not getting enough oxygen, which can lead to serious health problems or even death.
6. Postpartum hemorrhage: Excessive bleeding after delivery, which can be life-threatening if left untreated.
7. Cesarean section (C-section) complications: Complications that may arise during a C-section, such as infection or bleeding.
8. Maternal infections: Infections that the mother may contract during pregnancy or childbirth, such as group B strep or urinary tract infections.
9. Preterm birth: Birth that occurs before 37 weeks of gestation, which can increase the risk of health problems for the baby.
10. Chromosomal abnormalities: Genetic disorders that may affect the baby's growth and development, such as Down syndrome or Turner syndrome.

It is important for pregnant women to receive regular prenatal care to monitor for any potential complications and ensure a healthy pregnancy outcome. In some cases, pregnancy complications may require medical interventions, such as hospitalization or surgery, to ensure the safety of both the mother and the baby.

There are different types of fetal death, including:

1. Stillbirth: This refers to the death of a fetus after the 20th week of gestation. It can be caused by various factors, such as infections, placental problems, or umbilical cord compression.
2. Miscarriage: This occurs before the 20th week of gestation and is usually due to chromosomal abnormalities or hormonal imbalances.
3. Ectopic pregnancy: This is a rare condition where the fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tube. It can cause fetal death and is often diagnosed in the early stages of pregnancy.
4. Intrafamilial stillbirth: This refers to the death of two or more fetuses in a multiple pregnancy, usually due to genetic abnormalities or placental problems.

The diagnosis of fetal death is typically made through ultrasound examination or other imaging tests, such as MRI or CT scans. In some cases, the cause of fetal death may be unknown, and further testing and investigation may be required to determine the underlying cause.

There are various ways to manage fetal death, depending on the stage of pregnancy and the cause of the death. In some cases, a vaginal delivery may be necessary, while in others, a cesarean section may be performed. In cases where the fetus has died due to a genetic abnormality, couples may choose to undergo genetic counseling and testing to assess their risk of having another affected pregnancy.

Overall, fetal death is a tragic event that can have significant emotional and psychological impact on parents and families. It is essential to provide compassionate support and care to those affected by this loss, while also ensuring appropriate medical management and follow-up.

1. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): This is the most common cause of anovulation, affecting up to 75% of women with PCOS.
2. Hypothalamic dysfunction: The hypothalamus regulates hormonal signals that stimulate ovulation. Disruptions in these signals can lead to anovulation.
3. Thyroid disorders: Both hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) and hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) can disrupt hormone levels and lead to anovulation.
4. Premature ovarian failure (POF): This condition is characterized by the premature loss of ovarian function before age 40.
5. Ovarian insufficiency: This occurs when the ovaries lose their ability to produce eggs, often due to aging or medical treatment.
6. Chronic diseases: Certain conditions like diabetes, hypertension, and obesity can increase the risk of anovulation.
7. Luteal phase defect: This occurs when the uterine lining does not properly thicken during the second half of the menstrual cycle, making it difficult for a fertilized egg to implant.
8. Ovulatory disorders: Disorders such as ovarian cysts, endometriosis, and pelvic inflammatory disease can interfere with ovulation.
9. Genetic factors: Some genetic mutations can affect ovulation, such as those associated with Turner syndrome or other rare genetic conditions.
10. Medications: Certain medications, such as hormonal contraceptives and antidepressants, can disrupt ovulation.

Anovulation is typically diagnosed through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests, including hormone levels and imaging studies. Treatment options for anovulation depend on the underlying cause and may include:

1. Hormonal medications to stimulate ovulation
2. Intrauterine insemination (IUI) or in vitro fertilization (IVF) to increase the chances of conception
3. Lifestyle modifications, such as weight loss and stress management
4. Surgery to correct anatomical abnormalities or remove any blockages in the reproductive tract
5. Assisted reproductive technologies (ART), such as IVF with egg donation or surrogacy.

It's important for women experiencing irregular periods or anovulation to seek medical attention, as timely diagnosis and treatment can improve their chances of conceiving and reduce the risk of complications during pregnancy.

Premature labor can be classified into several types based on the duration of labor:

1. Preterm contractions: These are contractions that occur before 37 weeks of gestation but do not lead to delivery.
2. Preterm labor with cervical dilation: This is when the cervix begins to dilate before 37 weeks of gestation.
3. Premature rupture of membranes (PROM): This is when the amniotic sac surrounding the fetus ruptures before 37 weeks of gestation, which can lead to infection and preterm labor.

Signs and symptoms of premature obstetric labor may include:

1. Contractions that occur more frequently than every 10 minutes
2. Strong, regular contractions that last for at least 60 seconds
3. Cervical dilation or effacement (thinning)
4. Rupture of membranes (water breaking)
5. Decrease in fetal movement
6. Pelvic pressure or discomfort
7. Abdominal cramping or back pain

Premature obstetric labor can lead to several complications for both the mother and the baby, including:

1. Preterm birth: This is the most common complication of premature labor, which can increase the risk of health problems in the baby such as respiratory distress syndrome, intraventricular hemorrhage, and necrotizing enterocolitis.
2. Increased risk of cesarean delivery
3. Maternal infection: Premature labor can increase the risk of infection, such as group B strep or urinary tract infections.
4. Maternal complications: Premature labor can lead to complications such as placental abruption (separation of the placenta from the uterus), preeclampsia (high blood pressure), and HELLP syndrome (hemolytic anemia, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count).
5. Fetal distress: Premature labor can lead to fetal distress, which can result in long-term health problems for the baby.
6. Intensive care unit admission: Preterm babies may require intensive care unit admission, which can be stressful and expensive.

To manage premature labor, healthcare providers may recommend the following:

1. Bed rest or hospitalization: Rest and monitoring in a hospital setting may be recommended to prevent further premature contractions.
2. Tocolytic medications: These medications can help slow down or stop contractions.
3. Corticosteroids: These medications can help mature the fetal lungs, reducing the risk of respiratory distress syndrome.
4. Planned delivery: If premature labor cannot be halted, a planned delivery may be necessary to ensure the best possible outcome for both the mother and the baby.
5. Close monitoring: Regular monitoring of the mother and baby is crucial to detect any complications early on and provide appropriate treatment.
6. Supportive care: Premature babies may require oxygen therapy, incubators, and other supportive care to help them survive and thrive.

In summary, premature labor can be a serious condition that requires close monitoring and prompt medical intervention to prevent complications for both the mother and the baby. Understanding the signs of premature labor and seeking immediate medical attention if they occur can help improve outcomes.

There are several types of fallopian tube diseases, including:

1. Hydrosalpinx: A condition in which the fallopian tubes become filled with fluid, leading to inflammation and scarring.
2. Salpingitis: An inflammation of the fallopian tubes, often caused by bacterial or fungal infections.
3. Tubal pregnancy: A rare condition in which a fertilized egg implants in the fallopian tube instead of the uterus.
4. Ectopic pregnancy: A condition in which a fertilized egg implants outside of the uterus, often in the fallopian tube.
5. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID): An infection of the reproductive organs in the pelvis, which can cause scarring and damage to the fallopian tubes.
6. Endometriosis: A condition in which tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside of the uterus, often affecting the fallopian tubes.
7. Adenomyosis: A condition in which tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows into the muscle of the uterus, often affecting the fallopian tubes.
8. Fimbrial tumors: Rare growths that can occur in the fallopian tubes, often benign but can be cancerous.
9. Mullerian duct anomalies: Congenital abnormalities of the fallopian tubes and other reproductive organs.
10. Oophoritis: Inflammation of the ovaries, which can affect the fallopian tubes.

Fallopian tube diseases can be diagnosed through a variety of tests, including hysterosalpingography (HSG), laparoscopy, and ultrasound. Treatment options vary depending on the specific condition and can include antibiotics for infections, surgery to remove blockages or scar tissue, or assisted reproductive technology such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) if the fallopian tubes are damaged or blocked.

Some common types of birth injuries include:

1. Brain damage: This can occur due to a lack of oxygen to the baby's brain during delivery, resulting in conditions such as cerebral palsy or hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).
2. Nerve damage: This can result from prolonged labor, use of forceps or vacuum extraction, or improper handling of the baby during delivery, leading to conditions such as brachial plexus injuries or Erb's palsy.
3. Fractures: These can occur due to improper use of forceps or vacuum extraction, or from the baby being dropped or handled roughly during delivery.
4. Cutaneous injuries: These can result from rough handling or excessive pressure during delivery, leading to conditions such as caput succedaneum (swelling of the scalp) or cephalohematoma (bleeding under the skin of the head).
5. Infections: These can occur if the baby is exposed to bacteria during delivery, leading to conditions such as sepsis or meningitis.
6. Respiratory distress syndrome: This can occur if the baby does not breathe properly after birth, resulting in difficulty breathing and low oxygen levels.
7. Shoulder dystocia: This occurs when the baby's shoulder becomes stuck during delivery, leading to injury or damage to the baby's shoulder or neck.
8. Umbilical cord prolapse: This occurs when the umbilical cord comes out of the birth canal before the baby, leading to compression or strangulation of the cord and potentially causing injury to the baby.
9. Meconium aspiration: This occurs when the baby inhales a mixture of meconium (bowel movement) and amniotic fluid during delivery, leading to respiratory distress and other complications.
10. Brachial plexus injuries: These occur when the nerves in the baby's neck and shoulder are damaged during delivery, leading to weakness or paralysis of the arm and hand.

It is important to note that not all birth injuries can be prevented, but proper medical care and attention during pregnancy, labor, and delivery can help minimize the risk of complications. If you suspect that your baby has been injured during delivery, it is important to seek prompt medical attention to ensure proper diagnosis and treatment.

Here are some key points to consider when discussing azoospermia:

1. Causes: Azoospermia can be caused by various factors, including blockages due to surgery, injury, or infection, hormonal imbalances, anatomical abnormalities like varicocele, and chromosomal abnormalities.
2. Diagnosis: Azoospermia is typically diagnosed through semen analysis, which involves examining a semen sample under a microscope to determine the presence of sperm cells. Other tests may also be performed to identify any underlying causes, such as hormone level testing and ultrasound imaging.
3. Treatment: Treatment for azoospermia depends on the underlying cause, but may include medications to address hormonal imbalances or surgery to correct anatomical abnormalities. Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) like IVF or ICSI can also be used to help achieve pregnancy.
4. Prognosis: The prognosis for azoospermia varies depending on the underlying cause and the effectiveness of treatment. In general, the earlier the condition is diagnosed and treated, the better the prognosis.
5. Impact on fertility: Azoospermia can significantly impact fertility, as the absence of sperm in the semen makes it difficult or impossible to achieve pregnancy through natural means. However, with the help of ART, many men with azoospermia can still achieve fatherhood.
6. Psychological impact: Azoospermia can have significant psychological and emotional impacts on men and their partners, particularly if they are trying to conceive. It is important to provide support and counseling to help cope with the challenges of this condition.
7. Prevention: There is no known prevention for azoospermia, as it is often caused by underlying genetic or hormonal factors. However, identifying and addressing any underlying causes early on can improve outcomes and increase the chances of achieving pregnancy.

Congenital Abnormalities are relatively common, and they affect approximately 1 in every 30 children born worldwide. Some of the most common types of Congenital Abnormalities include:

Heart Defects: These are abnormalities that affect the structure or function of the heart. They can range from mild to severe and can be caused by genetics, viral infections, or other factors. Examples include holes in the heart, narrowed valves, and enlarged heart chambers.

Neural Tube Defects: These are abnormalities that affect the brain and spine. They occur when the neural tube, which forms the brain and spine, does not close properly during fetal development. Examples include anencephaly (absence of a major portion of the brain), spina bifida (incomplete closure of the spine), and encephalocele (protrusion of the brain or meninges through a skull defect).

Chromosomal Abnormalities: These are changes in the number or structure of chromosomes that can affect physical and mental development. Examples include Down syndrome (an extra copy of chromosome 21), Turner syndrome (a missing or partially deleted X chromosome), and Klinefelter syndrome (an extra X chromosome).

Other types of Congenital Abnormalities include cleft lip and palate, clubfoot, and polydactyly (extra fingers or toes).

Congenital Abnormalities can be diagnosed before birth through prenatal testing such as ultrasound, blood tests, and amniocentesis. After birth, they can be diagnosed through physical examination, imaging studies, and genetic testing. Treatment for Congenital Abnormalities varies depending on the type and severity of the condition, and may include surgery, medication, and other forms of therapy. In some cases, the abnormality may be minor and may not require any treatment, while in other cases, it may be more severe and may require ongoing medical care throughout the person's life.

OHSS typically occurs when too many eggs are stimulated to mature during ovulation, leading to an imbalance in hormone levels. The syndrome is more common in women who undergo IVF with high-dose fertility medications, multiple embryo transfer, or those with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Symptoms of OHSS may include:

1. Enlarged ovaries that are painful to the touch
2. Abdominal bloating and discomfort
3. Pelvic pain
4. Nausea and vomiting
5. Diarrhea or constipation
6. Abnormal vaginal bleeding
7. Elevated hormone levels (estradiol and/or LH)

OHSS can be diagnosed through ultrasound and blood tests. Treatment options for OHSS include:

1. Cancellation of further fertility treatment until symptoms resolve
2. Medications to reduce hormone levels and inflammation
3. Ultrasound-guided aspiration of fluid from the ovaries
4. Hospitalization for monitoring and supportive care

Prevention is key, and fertility specialists take several measures to minimize the risk of OHSS, such as:

1. Monitoring hormone levels and ultrasound assessment of ovarian response during treatment
2. Adjusting medication dosages based on individual patient needs
3. Limited embryo transfer to reduce the risk of multiple pregnancies
4. Avoiding the use of high-dose stimulation protocols in women with PCOS or other risk factors

Early detection and proper management are crucial to prevent complications and ensure a successful outcome for fertility treatment. If you suspect you may have OHSS, it is essential to consult a fertility specialist immediately.

Male infertility can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

1. Low sperm count or poor sperm quality: This is one of the most common causes of male infertility. Sperm count is typically considered low if less than 15 million sperm are present in a sample of semen. Additionally, sperm must be of good quality to fertilize an egg successfully.
2. Varicocele: This is a swelling of the veins in the scrotum that can affect sperm production and quality.
3. Erectile dysfunction: Difficulty achieving or maintaining an erection can make it difficult to conceive.
4. Premature ejaculation: This can make it difficult for the sperm to reach the egg during sexual intercourse.
5. Blockages or obstructions: Blockages in the reproductive tract, such as a blockage of the epididymis or vas deferens, can prevent sperm from leaving the body during ejaculation.
6. Retrograde ejaculation: This is a condition in which semen is released into the bladder instead of being expelled through the penis during ejaculation.
7. Hormonal imbalances: Imbalances in hormones such as testosterone and inhibin can affect sperm production and quality.
8. Medical conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as diabetes, hypogonadism, and hyperthyroidism, can affect fertility.
9. Lifestyle factors: Factors such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and stress can all impact fertility.
10. Age: Male fertility declines with age, especially after the age of 40.

There are several treatment options for male infertility, including:

1. Medications to improve sperm count and quality
2. Surgery to repair blockages or obstructions in the reproductive tract
3. Artificial insemination (IUI) or in vitro fertilization (IVF) to increase the chances of conception
4. Donor sperm
5. Assisted reproductive technology (ART) such as ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection)
6. Hormone therapy to improve fertility
7. Lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking and alcohol, losing weight, and reducing stress.

It's important to note that male infertility is a common condition and there are many treatment options available. If you're experiencing difficulty conceiving, it's important to speak with a healthcare provider to determine the cause of infertility and discuss potential treatment options.

... birth rate'. When the crude death rate is subtracted from the crude birth rate (CBR), the result is the rate of natural ... There are problems associated with high birth rates, and there may be problems associated with low birth rates. High birth ... In 2013, teenage birth rates in the U.S. were at the lowest level in U.S. history. Teen birth rates in the U.S. have decreased ... This is the highest birth rate in the UK in 40 years. However, the UK record year for births and birth rate remains 1920 (when ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birth_rate

This article includes three versions of the list of countries by crude birth rate. Crude birth rate refers to the number of ... "Birth rate, crude (per 1,000 people) , Data". data.worldbank.org. "The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia. ... Lists 236 countries and territories in 2011 crude birth rate. The second list is based on World Bank Data for the year 2018. ... number of births List of sovereign states and dependencies by total fertility rate List of countries by population growth rate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_by_birth_rate

This article includes a list of U.S. states sorted by birth and death rate, expressed per 1,000 inhabitants, for 2018, using ... List of U.S. states and territories by fertility rate "Births: Final data for 2019. National vital statistics reports; vol 70 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_birth_and_death_rates

"Birth Rate". CIA - The World Factbook. Cia.gov. Archived from the original on 23 February 2019. Retrieved 15 March 2013. " ... The rate of deforestation in Cambodia is one of the highest in the world and it is often perceived as the most destructive, ... The fertility rate was 4.0 children in 2000. Women in urban areas have 2.2 children on average, compared with 3.3 children per ... The poverty rate fell to 10 percent in 2013, and further reduction of poverty is expected for both urban and rural households ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodia

... with increasing birth rates and overall fertility rates. Despite this, the total fertility rate is still below replacement ... Birth rate; 13.8 births/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 137th Total fertility rate; 1.96 children ... "Ireland has highest birth rate in the EU". "Population and migration estimates april 2017". "Populationand migration estimates ... Unchanged at 12.1% for persons aged 15-24 years (youth unemployment rate) from a revised rate of 12.1% in October 2022. Down to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland

"Birth Rate". CIA - The World Factbook. Cia.gov. Archived from the original on August 18, 2011. Retrieved March 15, 2013. [1] ... The Khmers developed the Khmer alphabet, which in turn gave birth to the later Thai and Lao alphabets. The Khmers are ... "Estimated Resident Population by Country of Birth, 30 June 1992 to 2016". stat.data.abs.gov.au. Retrieved April 6, 2017. " ... "Population by country of birth and year". Retrieved February 2, 2021. Cambodia. CIA World FactBook. "Ethnic groups statistics ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmer_people

"Birth Rate". CIA - The World Factbook. Cia.gov. Archived from the original on August 18, 2011. Retrieved 15 March 2013. Kiernan ... The Khmers developed the first alphabet still in use in Southeast Asia which in turn gave birth to the later Thai and Lao ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Cambodia

Today, China's fertility rate has not quite returned to the rate of replacement (the birth rate that will maintain population ... Today, the birth rate has dropped to 1.52 births per woman, under the rate of replacement. Foundlings, who may be orphans, can ... "Romania - Birth Rate". Index Mundi. Northrop Frye, Anatomy of Criticism, p. 198. ISBN 0-691-01298-9. Laura A. Hibbard (1963). ... In the following years, Romania's birth rate nearly doubled. However, due to a lack of resources necessary to care for the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_abandonment

... has a population growth rate of 1.5% as of 2013[update]. This is the result of one of the highest birth rates in the ... "Nicaragua Birth rate - Demographics". www.indexmundi.com. "Crude death rate - the United Nations". UNData. Archived from the ... "National adult literacy rates (15+), youth literacy rates (15-24) and elderly literacy rates (65+)". UNESCO Institute for ... The adult literacy rate in 2005 was 78.0%. Primary education is free in Nicaragua. A system of private schools exists, many of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicaragua

The national birth rate is 14.5 births per year per 1,000 population. Two-thirds of households consist of extended families ... "Country Comparison: Birth Rate". CIA World Factbook. Archived from the original on 4 August 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2014. " ... Non-communicable diseases risk factors in North Korea include high rates of urbanization, an aging society, and high rates of ... "North Korea in 1945-48: The Soviet Occupation and the Birth of the State". From Stalin to Kim Il Sung - The Formation of North ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea

Also in 2006, the birth rate of 7.29 is ranked lowest among the list of countries surveyed by the CIA. Towards the end of the ... The economy would also begin the period with a rise in unemployment rate from 2.2% in 1997 to 4.4% in 2000, and 7.9% in 2003. ... The economy had gradually recovered since 2004 and the overall unemployment rate fell to 3.6% in 2008, however the overall ... "CIA Archived 9 March 2013 at the Wayback Machine." BirthRate. Retrieved on 2007-03-06. CIA gov. "[1]/. Population Retrieved on ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000s_in_Hong_Kong

These are adjusted rates that take into account the vital differences between populations that may affect their birthrates or ... The most common are birth, death and unemployment rates. For example, in a community made up of primarily young couples, the ... The formula for standardized rates is as follows: Σ(crude rate for age group × standard population for age group) / Σstandard ... Standardized rates are a statistical measure of any rates in a population. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standardized_rate

... highest total vaginal birth rate; highest spontaneous vaginal birth rate; lowest primary cesarean section rate; highest rate of ... As the Certified Nurse Midwife group practice with the lowest episiotomy rates and one of the top practices nationally for: ... This intervention decreased mortality rates to about 40-50% - a significant improvement, given that the illness was almost ... 6 week post partum visit attendance; highest breast-feeding continuation rate; and lowest total cesarean section rate, by the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_New_Mexico_Hospital

The birth rate was 12.32‰. There were 2,643 deaths, with a mortality rate of 4.08 per 1,000 people; The natural population ... The permanent population urbanization rate is 52.63%. In 2019, 7,983 people (4,143 males and 3,840 females) were born, among ... growth rate is 8.24 per thousand The rarely used character fù (洑) in Fushui (洑水镇) is sometimes written as the more commonly ...

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Bangladesh has become agriculturally self-sufficient; dramatically reduced its birth rate; highly improved literacy rates; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Asian_foreign_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration

The birth rate, meanwhile, collapsed. The number of births in Lille dropped from 4885 in 1913 to 2154 in 1915, 602 in 1917, and ... The mortality rate in Lille fluctuated according to the supply of food. In December 1915, it stood at 20‰, close to the average ... Only correspondence with family prisoners of war were authorized, at the rate of one card per month, which was also subject to ... an astonishing rate of 25%. The resistance to the German occupation was evident in gradations; from passive resistance, such as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_occupation_of_north-east_France_during_World_War_I

The natural population growth rate was 9.57 percent. Birth rate was 15.09 percent. Population mortality rate was 5.52 percent, ... The added value of industrial enterprises above designated size will be 570 million yuan, an average annual growth rate of 5%. ... Urban population is 51,000, the rate of urbanization was 57.10 percent. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezuo

"THE WORLD FACTBOOK - Birth rate". CIA: Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 24 August 2022. "Background paper" (PDF). Un.org ... Taiwan's diplomatic isolation, low birth rate, rapidly aging population, and increasing competition from China and other Asia ... "Taiwan - Credit Rating". fitchratings.com. Retrieved 11 September 2021. "Taiwan Credit Rating". "Latest Indicator 2021". dgbas. ... Rogers, Simon; Sedghi, Ami (15 April 2011). "How Fitch, Moody's and S&P rate each country's credit rating". The Guardian. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Taiwan

... the Act sought to decrease the death rate for mothers and babies; to increase the birth-rate; to expand outback settlement and ... There was a higher death rate during the summer months, which could be attributed to poor infant feeding and he embarked on a ... These advances impacted on the reduction of infant mortality rates, but Dr Jefferis Turner was aware that diarrhoeal disease ... 970 advanced from general rate revenue. The completion of the Gympie Town Hall in 1939 was part of a wider pattern of civic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gympie_Town_Hall

Birth rate of 14.6 per thousand.) In 2007, non-Hispanic whites were involved in 59.1% of all the births. Some 14.06% of those ... Many counties and cities charge their own rates, in addition to the base state rate. There are also certain county and special ... the birth rate for ... ages 15 and 19 dropped 59 [%] ... in 2017 Brown, Jennifer (November 30, 2017). "IUD program leads to big ... A birth where at least one Hispanic person was involved counted for 43% of the births in Colorado. As of the 2010 census, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado

The Act sought to decrease the death rate for mothers and babies; to increase the birth-rate; to expand outback settlement, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Isisford_District_Hospital

Sui, Cindy (15 August 2011). "Taiwan's birth rate drops further". BBC News. "Taiwan's birth rate is declining - again". nownews ... The birth rate (8.3 births/1,000 population) is slightly higher than the death rate (7.4 deaths/1,000 population). The total ... Developed countries tend to have lower fertility rates because access to birth control and contraceptives are easier and having ... In 2010, Taiwan had a population growth of less than 0.2% and a fertility rate of only 0.9, the lowest rate ever recorded in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Taiwan

The birth rate in the United States has declined steadily since the beginning of the 19th century, when the average person had ... Some of the birth rate decline may also have come from a decrease in unintentional pregnancy, especially in the context of the ... The birth rate of the United States has declined in recent decades. Some demographers project a progressively aging and ... "Birth rates are falling but overpopulation still a concern". Archived from the original on 2021-07-10. Retrieved 2021-07-10. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aging_of_the_United_States

Literacy rate: 95.3%. School attendance rate: 66.2%. Gross birth rate: 23.1 per thousand. Gross mortality rate: 4.49 per ... Studies have not confirmed whether this mammal is in danger on the island, since it is rated Least Concern by the IUCN. This ... only slowed by the decline in birth from the 60s. Particularly, the decree of Free Port, promulgated in 1971, caused a drastic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nueva_Esparta

... achieving a much lower birth rate; homes for all; and cooperative and participatory democracy (with compassion) in all aspects ... Eugene married a Mexican-American nurse, who gave birth to two daughters. "We planned to raise an international family," he ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Nelson

"Norway's welfare model 'helps birth rate'". BBC News. 28 March 2006. Retrieved 22 June 2011. June Westerweld (29 October 2012 ... In connection with birth, it is common for the father to get 2 weeks' paid time off, but this is not related to parental leave ... How on earth did the man become the main person after birth?" Human biologist and researcher on human behavioral ecology Terje ... Sweden and Iceland have seen a similar return to gender equality in the workforce, with employment rates of educated female ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Father's_quota

By 2007 the growth rate had declined to 0.7 percent per year, with a birth rate of 17 per 1,000 persons and a death rate of 6 ... Family planning has been shown to reduce teenage birth rates and birth rates for unmarried women. In 2006, the US Centers for ... and child mortality rates, and highest fertility rates are in Africa. Only about 30% of all women use birth control, although ... Controlling birth rates allows families to raise the future earnings power of the next generation. Many empirical studies have ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_planning

Korea's birthrate has reached 0.95% in 2019. This rate is the lowest ever since 1981 and it is the lowest among other OECD ... "Birth rate, crude (per 1,000 people) , Data". data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 2019-06-17. "알림 > 보도자료 내용보기 " 여성이 주의해야 할 질병은 30대 ... "9월 출생아 13% 급감…출생아 수 역대 최저" [September's Birth Rate decreased 13%...Least EVER!]. 지적 존재들의 B컷 - 비주얼다이브(VisualDive) (in Korean). ... "저출산으로 산후조리원도 줄어…3년새 610→584곳" [Postpartum center's number has decreased due to decreased birth rate]. www.mk.co.kr (in Korean ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Childbirth_in_South_Korea

Eternals have a low birth rate; they can interbreed with humans but the result is always a normal human (although Joey Athena, ... We're actually going back in time to see Ikaris birth and development on Earth, meet his parents, and then move forward into ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eternals_(comics)

The birth rate rose and the death rate fell; the average annual growth rate was 4.4%, of which 1% was due to immigration; ... though birth rates fell from 1957 to 1970, in 1970, birth rates rose as women who were themselves the product of the postwar ... The population growth rate slowed from 4-5% per year in the 1950s to around 2.5% in 1965 around independence. The birth rate ... the total fertility rate was approximately ~6 - Asian MetaCentre researcher Theresa Wong notes that Singaporean birth rates and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_planning_in_Singapore

Mischel found that tumors can dynamically change in response to changing environments at a rate that cannot be explained by ... 1962 births, Living people, University of Pennsylvania alumni, Cancer researchers, Fellows of the American Association for the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Mischel

... to chase past leaders and roll money out of recently downgraded or poorly rated funds into recently upgraded or highly rated ... 1954 births, 2021 deaths, 20th-century American businesspeople, 21st-century American businesspeople, American financiers, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_F._Swensen

1822 births, 1886 deaths, Military personnel from Kraków, Union Army generals, People of Washington, D.C., in the American ... historical records and the death rate testify to the fact that it was one of the more survivable prison camps, North or South ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albin_Francisco_Schoepf

Data sources: FIDE (period since 2001), OlimpBase (period 1971 to 2001) Sarah Papp rating card at FIDE Sarah Papp chess games ... 1988 births, Living people, German female chess players, Chess woman grandmasters, Chess Olympiad competitors, People from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah_Papp

Coming out of high school, Randall was rated in the top 100 prospects in the state of Texas. Randall attended Coffeyville ... 1978 births, Living people, American football offensive linemen, Michigan State Spartans football players, New England Patriots ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Randall

Along with Henrik Ibsen and August Strindberg, Chekhov is often referred to as one of the three seminal figures in the birth of ... Petersburg, Novoye Vremya (New Times), owned and edited by the millionaire magnate Alexey Suvorin, who paid a rate per line ... 1860 births, 1904 deaths, 19th-century dramatists and playwrights from the Russian Empire, 19th-century physicians from the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton_Chekhov

1951 births, Living people, Polish chess players, Chess International Masters, Correspondence chess grandmasters, People from ... Ryszard Skrobek Ryszard Skrobek rating card at FIDE Ryszard Skrobek player profile and games at Chessgames.com Ryszard Skrobek ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryszard_Skrobek

A March 1948 article in the Austin American-Statesman wrote "In many ways Hatley rates as the year's most phenomenal trackman. ... 1930 births, 2001 deaths, People from Lampasas County, Texas, People from Uvalde, Texas, Military personnel from Texas, Coaches ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Hatley

... a good second-rate piece in the half-chronicle fashion of its age. Darren Freebury-Jones has advanced arguments that Lodge co- ... 1550s births, 1625 deaths, 17th-century deaths from plague (disease), People from West Ham, Alumni of Trinity College, Oxford, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Lodge

In the first year after the election, Schellhorn held the distinction of being the deputy with the lowest attendance rate, ... 1967 births, Living people, 21st-century Austrian politicians, Members of the National Council (Austria), NEOS - The New ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepp_Schellhorn

After Holden's approval rating steadily dropped during the second half of his term, McCaskill defeated Holden in the Democratic ... 1949 births, Governors of Missouri, Living people, Members of the Missouri House of Representatives, State treasurers of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Holden

The Turkish club had agreed with both Panathinaikos (it will keep a resale rate of 30%) and the player, but they had to wait ... 1991 births, Living people, Footballers from Larissa, Greek footballers, Association football defenders, Athlitiki Enosi ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimitrios_Kolovetsios

Only two movies by Andreasyan were rated by Rotten Tomatoes, both American Heist and Guardians have a "rotten" rating. His ... 1984 births). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarik_Andreasyan

In Scotland, the civil registration of birth marriages, and death had not started, so the schedules were countersigned by a ... who were to finance it through the poor rates, and in Scotland, to the Sheriff Deputies, or in Edinburgh or Glasgow, the ... and people's places of birth are simply noted as within the census county or not (or are quite frequently given as "N.K.", ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1841_United_Kingdom_census

"Umbra improves frame-rate performance in Final Fantasy XV". Umbra. 2016-03-25. Archived from the original on 2016-03-25. ... Yip, Spencer (2012-09-28). "Final Fantasy Type-0 & Kingdom Hearts: Birth By Sleep Final Mix Become Ultimate Hits". Siliconera. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabula_Nova_Crystallis_Final_Fantasy

Bland reported in 1836 that he had increased the flock at the rate of about 80 lambs to 100 ewes per annum. Trimmer and Bland ... CS1: Julian-Gregorian uncertainty, Use dmy dates from December 2019, 1805 births, 1877 deaths, Settlers of Western Australia, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Trimmer

Boileau's "Final Estimate" rating is 12, the same as Euripides and Tasso, better than Lucretius and Terence (who both get 10), ... Lithuanian-born German-Jewish poet and physician Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article: January 2 - ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1746_in_poetry

The newspaper Slobodna Dalmacija rated him the best player in the Croatian First League in 2004. Born in Samobor, Zagreb, ... 1974 births, Living people, Footballers from Zagreb, Croatian Jews, Croatian emigrants to Israel, Israeli Jews, Association ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tvrtko_Kale

... rating card at FIDE Peter Svidler player profile and games at Chessgames.com Peter Svidler chess games at ... 1976 births, Living people, Chess grandmasters, Chess Olympiad competitors, Russian chess players, Russian people of Jewish ... Svidler entered the FIDE top 10 for the first time in January 1998, at ninth with a rating of 2690. At Linares, supported by ... His success pushed him to 33rd in the world rankings and third strongest junior and 2635 rating. In 1996, Svidler scored 2.5/5 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Svidler

... inoculations could be administered at a rate of 1,000 patients per hour. The efficacy of the mass inoculation technology was ... 1913 births, 1996 deaths, 20th-century American physicians). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Andrew_Hingson

... strike rate (events won / competed); (W-L) win-loss record. In isolation, Barrera is pronounced [baˈreɾa]. Magüi Serna at the ... 1979 births, Living people, Spanish female tennis players, Olympic tennis players of Spain, Tennis players at the 2000 Summer ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magüi_Serna

... there were 77 preterm births per 1,000 live births (compared to 87 per 1,000 citywide), and 3.6 teenage births per 1,000 live ... The incarceration rate of 193 per 100,000 people (2015-2016) was also less than half that of the city as a whole.: 8 The rate ... With a non-fatal assault rate of 25 per 100,000 people (2012-2014), the South Shore's rate of violent crimes per capita was ... Preterm and teenage births are less common in Great Kills and the South Shore than in other places citywide. For the South ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Kills,_Staten_Island

In the 2017 World's Best Racehorse Rankings, Brametot was rated at 121 making him the twenty-ninth best horse in the world. At ... 2014 racehorse births, Racehorses bred in Ireland, Racehorses trained in France, Thoroughbred family 8-a). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brametot_(horse)

Le Thanh Tu rating card at FIDE Le Thanh Tu player profile and games at Chessgames.com Le Thanh Tu chess games at 365Chess.com ... Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Use dmy dates from December 2021, 1985 births, Living ... "Rating Progress Chart: Le, Thanh Tu". ratings.fide.com. FIDE. Retrieved 7 December 2021. Herzog, Heinz. "12th Asian Women ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lê_Thanh_Tú

The very high birth rate among the Hutterites has decreased dramatically since 1950, as they have dropped from around ten ... Hutterite fertility rates remain relatively high compared to the general North American population, but relatively low compared ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutterites

Jenny, Hans (1961) E.W. Hilgard and the Birth of Modern Soil Science. Pisa, Italy: Collana della Rivista Agrochimia. Jenny, ... and potential biota determine the rate at which chemical and biological transformations proceed, and time determines the reach ... 1899 births, 1992 deaths, American soil scientists, Soil scientists, American geographers, Swiss geographers, Swiss emigrants ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Jenny_(pedologist)

What they found was that the offence rate was likely tied to a cultural aspect of the community that existed. They found that ... ISBN 0-8133-3507-8 Foucault, Michel (1977). Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. New York: Vintage. Freeman, R. B. ( ... ISBN 0-333-43853-1 Cantor, D. & Land, K. C. (1985). "Unemployment and crime rates in the post-World War II U.S.: A theoretical ... Why Do Some Aboriginal Communities Have Lower Crime Rates Than Others?: A Pilot Study [online]. Australian and New Zealand ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue-collar_crime

Applying sabermetrics to his 1893 season, his Offensive Wins Above Replacement rating was the tied with the 1887 season for the ... 1864 births, 1930 deaths, 19th-century baseball players, Detroit Wolverines players, Cleveland Spiders players, Cleveland ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Twitchell

... strength and work rate". Despite the move, Rowe remained semi-professional during her first year, making the 300-mile round ... 1992 births, Living people, Reading F.C. Women players, Wales women's international footballers, Welsh women's footballers, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachel_Rowe

The rates of new cases in the United States was 7.3 per 100,000 women, based on rates from 2012 to 2016. Cervical cancer deaths ... Other risk factors include smoking, a weak immune system, birth control pills, starting sex at a young age, and having many ... Survival rates decrease to 58% for women with stage III cancer and 17% or fewer of those with stage IV cancer five years after ... Five-year survival rates in the United States are 68%. Outcomes, however, depend very much on how early the cancer is detected ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer

Drug Improves Birth Rates for Women with Ovary Disorder. At a Glance. *The drug letrozole is more effective than standard ... Birth defect rates were similar in the 2 groups.. The findings suggest that letrozole is a promising alternative to clomiphene ... The drugs 22% success rate for live births is relatively low, and it tends to lead to a high number of twin or multiple ... 19.1%). Letrozole also led to significantly increased ovulation rates compared to clomiphene (61.7% vs. 48.3%). Although there ...

https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/drug-improves-birth-rates-women-ovary-disorder

Birth rates among teenagers were down in 2002, continuing a decline that began in 1991. The birth rate fell to 43 births per ... There has also been a recent downturn in the birth rate for women in the peak childbearing ages. Birth rates for women in their ... The birth rate was 13.9 per 1,000 persons in 2002, a decline of 1 percent from the rate of 14.1 per 1,000 in 2001 and down 17 ... The U.S. birth rate fell to the lowest level since national data have been available, reports the latest Centers for Disease ...

https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/03news/lowbirth.htm

Twelve percent of non-Hispanic Black individuals experience preterm birth, nearly double the figure for non-Hispanic Whites, a ... Cite this: Preterm Birth Rates Higher in Black Patients - Medscape - Aug 07, 2023. ... Socioeconomic risk factors contributed to 21.3% of the difference in preterm birth rates. ... Gestational age at birth may have been miscoded in the NCHS data. The study was limited to the risk factors included in the ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/995214

... birth rate - Featured Topics from the National Center for Health Statistics ... Tags birth rate, birth rates, teen birth rates, Teen childbearing, the United States rate, United States ... Tags birth, birth rate, birth rates, fertility rate, marital status, total fertility rate ... Tags birth rate, birth rates Births: Final Data for 2013. A new NCHS report presents 2013 data on U.S. births according to a ...

https://blogs.cdc.gov/nchs/tag/birth-rate/

Birth rate, crude (per 1,000 people) from The World Bank: Data ... Birth rate, crude (per 1,000 people). ( 1 ) United Nations ...

https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.CBRT.IN?year_high_desc=false

... 0-9. A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T. U. V. W ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/handle/10665/197910/browse?authority=Birth+Rate&type=mesh

... birth rate has continued to decline for the fourth consecutive year, newly released federal data reveals. ... Since 1971, the birth rate has been below replacement level, according to the CDC. Birth rates across all major racial groups ... published the finalized birth and fertility rates for 2018, finding that U.S. birth rates have been dropping since 2015. Last ... 2020 ElectionEconomyPoliticsbabiesbirth rateCenters for Disease Control and Preventionfamiliesfertility ratehealthHungaryU.S. ...

https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/12/01/u-s-birth-rate-drops-for-fourth-year-remains-below-replacement-level/

A drop in the number of births in Germany during the months of October and November suggests there may have been a birth rate ... A drop in the number of births in Germany during the months of October and November suggests there may have been a birth rate ... For months, it looked like Germany might have put a stop to its shrinking birth rate. Indeed, in 2007, the country actually ... Demographic Worries: German Birthrate Rising -- But for How Long? Zur Merkliste hinzufügen ...

https://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/test-for-family-policy-despite-promises-german-birthrate-falls-a-612416.html

Infernal Torment Birthrate Zero lyrics & video : Infant screams light up the night Pregnant woman torn to pieces Infants ripped ... Rate Birthrate Zero by Infernal Torment (current rating: 6.67). 12345678910 ... check amazon for Birthrate Zero mp3 download. browse other artists under I:I2I3. Record Label(s): 2005 Diehard Music. Official ... No babies - Birthrate Zero. There will be. no next generation. It all ends. Here!. Infant screams light up the night. Pregnant ...

https://www.elyrics.net/read/i/infernal-torment-lyrics/birthrate-zero-lyrics.html

Teen Birth Rates Up Slightly in 2007 for Second Consecutive Year ... The birth rate for U.S. teens aged 15 to 19 increased by about ... Birth rates also increased for women in their 20s, 30s and early 40s, but remained unchanged for younger teens and pre-teens ... The preterm birth rate (infants delivered at less than 37 weeks of pregnancy) decreased 1 percent in 2007 to 12.7 percent. The ... Only Hispanic teens noted a decline in the birth rate, which fell 2 percent in 2007 to 81.7 births per 1,000. ...

https://www.cdc.gov/media/pressrel/2009/r090318.htm

... workers and exempting them from the minimum wage payment system as a way of tackling the countrys plummeting birth rate is ... "The low birth rate is a complex issue that has several causes: long working hours, undervaluation of domestic and childcare ... "Korea is going through its worst birth rate crisis," the lawmaker said, "And we need a realistic solution for young people.". ... According to Statistics Korea, the countrys birth rate has been on a steep decline since the 1970s ― 4.53 to 1.48 in 2000. The ...

https://koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2023/03/281_347702.html

Surveillance for Pregnancy and Birth Rates Among Teenagers, by State -- United States, 1980 and 1990 ... and birth rates were more consistent; the pregnancy rate declined by 23% and the abortion rate decreased by 34%. The birth rate ... rates affect the birth rates and the percent change in these birth rates in a given area. To illustrate how the varying ... the pregnancy or abortion rate can change the overall birth rate in any state. Rates of Pregnancy, Abortion, and Birth by Race/ ...

https://wonder.cdc.gov/wonder/prevguid/m0031562/m0031562.asp

China population: City dangles free high school education for third child amid birth rate crisis ... China population: City dangles free high school education for third child amid birth rate crisis. ... China population: City dangles free high school education for third child amid birth rate crisis. ... China population: City dangles free high school education for third child amid birth rate crisis. ...

https://www.thestar.com.my/aseanplus/aseanplus-news/2023/03/26/china-population-city-dangles-free-high-school-education-for-third-child-amid-birth-rate-crisis

Chinas fertility rate stands at 1.3 - below the level needed to maintain a stable population, the figures revealed. ... China allows couples to have three children as birthrate falls. BEIJING-Agence France-Presse. China will allow couples to have ... Ye Liu, lecturer in international development at Kings College London, said the new policy was "unlikely to incentivise birth ... rates dramatically.". "The government shifts the responsibility of ageing population to individual families without concrete ...

https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/china-allows-couples-to-have-three-children-as-birthrate-falls-165159

In Japan, decades of declining birthrates have put tens of thousands of family-owned businesses in crisis. Many have to shut ... Everything from restaurants and garages to repair shops and small factories are going under at an alarming rate because of the ...

https://www.wvia.org/news/news/business/2022-07-26/how-japans-low-birth-rate-threatens-centuries-old-traditions-and-skills

... death rate, median age and sex ratio. Demographics for Germany. Create custom graphs. Your world discovered! ... Germany median age, birth rate and death rates. Birth Rate - births/1,000 population 8 ...

https://www.countryreports.org/country/Germany/age-structure.htm

New Mexicos teen birth rate is the lowest ever recorded - thats according to new statistics from the state Department of ... The birth rate for 15- to 19-year-olds here dropped nearly 50 percent between 2000 and 2014. But Susan Lovett with the state ... As Teen Birth Rate Falls, Rural Counties Lag Behind KUNM , By Ed Williams ... New Mexicos teen birth rate is the lowest ever recorded - thats according to new statistics from the state Department of ...

https://www.kunm.org/public-health-new-mexico/2016-01-07/as-teen-birth-rate-falls-rural-counties-lag-behind

Current Status of Measures to Cope with Declining Birth Rate and its Challenges. *Chapter 1. Current Status of Declining Birth ... Rate (Page1~13). 1/2(PDF:384KB). , 2/2(PDF:441KB). *Chapter 2. Efforts to Deal with the Declining Birthrate (Page14~27)(PDF: ... Part 2. Specific Implementation Status of Measures against Declining Birthrate 1/2(PDF:368KB). , 2/2(PDF:398KB). *Chapter 1. In ... A 2013 Declining Birthrate White Paper. Japanese. CONTENTS. Part 1. ...

https://www8.cao.go.jp/shoushi/shoushika/whitepaper/measures/english/w-2013/index.html

A drastically reduced birth rate causing a major shortfall in labour is an indication of whats in store. ... The UK birth rate is expected to plunge to a record low this year, thanks to a weary population left so deflated by this ... A drastically reduced birth rate causing a major shortfall in labour is an indication of whats in store. ... No sex please, were locked down: Plunging global birth rate shows long-term effects of Covid on society will be DEVASTATING ...

https://www.rt.com/op-ed/512182-covid-sex-falling-birth-rate/

RELATION BETWEEN BIRTH RATES AND DEATH RATES A J Lotka. Science. 1907. . ... Estimation on the level of birth and death rates of population in the three gorges area by means of capture-mark-recapture ... Relation of infant mortality to maternal age and birth order. Chile, 1969 - 1974 - 1979]. Cabrera R. Cabrera R. Rev Chil Obstet ... Infant mortality statistics from the linked birth/infant death data set--1995 period data. MacDorman MF, Atkinson JO. MacDorman ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17754777

Objective To evaluate whether acupuncture improves rates of pregnancy and live birth when used as an adjuvant treatment to ... Effects of acupuncture on rates of pregnancy and live birth among women undergoing in vitro fertilisation: systematic review ... Effects of acupuncture on rates of pregnancy and live birth among women undergoing in vitro fertilisation: systematic review ... Effects of acupuncture on rates of pregnancy and live birth among women undergoing in vitro fertilisation: systematic review ...

https://www.bmj.com/content/336/7643/545.long

Birth rates have gone up and down at least for as long as weve been tracking birth rates, but I dont think that that means ... BLACKSTONE: Theres the issue of the birth rate. The other is that I think the reason were concerned about the birth rate is ... So if you look at birth rates globally, we really do not have a problem of too few people in the world. In fact, most of us ... Last year, the number of babies born in the U.S. fell to its lowest level in four decades, but the birth rate had been ...

https://www.kunc.org/npr-news/2021-05-09/u-s-birthrate-drops-to-lowest-level-in-four-decades

Yet despite our progress, our nation has one of the highest rates of preterm birth among developed countries-about 11% of U.S. ... Reducing Preterm Birth Rates Medical, scientific, and technological advances have revolutionized our world-from vaccines and ... Yet despite our progress, our nation has one of the highest rates of preterm birth among developed countries-about 11% of U.S. ... we must continue and expand our efforts to further reduce the rate of preterm birth-a worthy goal indeed. ...

https://www.nichd.nih.gov/about/overview/directors_corner/prev_updates/Pages/111714-reducing-preterm.aspx

... the fertility rate for a typical Brazilian woman has tumbled from six children to fewer than two. There are several factors at ... Brazils fertility rate has dropped dramatically over the past half-century and is now below that in the U.S. Here, women lie ... There are a lot of reasons for the drop in [the fertility rate in] Brazil, and most of them have to do with the modernization, ... Over the past 50 years, the fertility rate has tumbled from six children per woman on average to fewer than two - and is now ...

https://www.upr.org/2012-01-15/brazils-falling-birth-rate-a-new-way-of-thinking

Fisheries scientists have identified a pattern of low birth rates and high death rates in the Southern Resident Killer Whale ( ... Fisheries scientists have identified a pattern of low birth rates and high death rates in the Southern Resident Killer Whale ( ... Scientists find odd pattern in killer whale birth, death rates Fisheries scientists suspect odd-even year fluctuations may ... Study says things like ship noise and contaminants dont explain why Southern Resident Killer Whale birth and death rates would ...

https://biv.com/article/2019/01/scientists-find-odd-pattern-killer-whale-birth-death-rates

Five myths about the falling U.S. birth rate. By Staff Writer ... A U.K. reporter looks at a report on the falling U.S. birth ...

https://www.thinkadvisor.com/2012/12/07/five-myths-about-the-falling-u-s-birth-rate/

Sharp drop in birth rate as a result of miscarriages in 1918 flu pandemic, study finds ... "birth rate shock", as they involve a sharp decline in birth rates per 1,000 population of 17 per cent for non-Māori and 20 per ... Sharp drop in birth rate as a result of miscarriages in 1918 flu pandemic, study finds. *Home ... The reductions in the birth rate in the pandemic year of 1918 (relative to 1917) were less, at nine per cent for non-Māori and ...

https://www.otago.ac.nz/wellington/departments/publichealth/news/archives/otago730000.html

IRR is the rate in country (WHO rate, 2014) divided by the rate by COB by years since entry into the United States (US rate, ... US Tuberculosis Rates among Persons Born Outside the United States Compared with Rates in Their Countries of Birth, 2012-20161 ... US Tuberculosis Rates among Persons Born Outside the United States Compared with Rates in Their Countries of Birth, 2012-2016. ... COB, country of birth; IRR, incidence rate ratio; TB, tuberculosis; WHO, World Health Organization.. † ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/26/3/19-0974-t2

Graph II.6 - Change in unemployment rate by place of birth and by level of education in selected OECD countries, 2008-2009 ... Graph II.6 - Change in unemployment rate by place of birth and by level of education in selected OECD countries, 2008-2009 ... It presents information on international students, including a first attempt to calculate the rates at which these students ...

https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/social-issues-migration-health/international-migration-outlook-2010/change-in-unemployment-rate-by-place-of-birth-and-by-level-of-education-in-selected-oecd-countries-2008-2009_migr_outlook-2010-graph25-en

Embryo quality was not related to multiple birth risk but was associated with increased live-birth rates when fewer embryos ... Live-birth rates and multiple-birth risk using in vitro fertilization L A Schieve 1 , H B Peterson, S F Meikle, G Jeng, I Danel ... the multiple-birth rate was 29.4% if 3 embryos were transferred. Among women 40 to 44 years of age, the multiple-birth rate was ... live-birth rates increased if more than 2 embryos were transferred. Multiple-birth rates varied by age and the number of ...

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10573274

The birth rate fell to 43 births per 1,000 females 15-19 years of age in 2002, a 5-percent decline from 2001 and a 28-percent decline from 1990. (cdc.gov)
The total fertility rate, which stands at 1,729.5 births per 1,000 women, remains below replacement level - the number of births needed to at least replace a generation of Americans. (breitbart.com)
Birth rates among teenagers were defined as the number of live births per 1,000 women ages 15-19, 15-17, and 18-19 years in their respective racial/ethnic group. (cdc.gov)
Chicago's teen birth rate for 2014 was 32 births per 1,000 females ages 15 to 19 years old, representing a historic low since 2000 and mirroring a national decrease in teen births. (chicagotribune.com)

The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) published the finalized birth and fertility rates for 2018, finding that U.S. birth rates have been dropping since 2015. (breitbart.com)
Every racial group currently has a fertility rate under replacement levels. (breitbart.com)
The good news is that [the second quarter] of 2019 was the first quarter in several years where the fertility rate rose," Girdusky wrote. (breitbart.com)
Despite a declining birth rate below replacement level, Republican and Democrat lawmakers have yet to lay out a national agenda to increase American births, fertility, and family rates. (breitbart.com)
Amy Blackstone is a sociology professor at the University of Maine who studies fertility rates. (kunc.org)
The other is that I think the reason we're concerned about the birth rate is that our economy relies on at least a replacement fertility rate in order for it to continue to run. (kunc.org)
Brazil's fertility rate has dropped dramatically over the past half-century and is now below that in the U.S. Here, women lie with their newborns at the Pro Matre maternity hospital in Rio de Janeiro. (upr.org)
Over the past 50 years, the fertility rate has tumbled from six children per woman on average to fewer than two - and is now lower than in the United States. (upr.org)
Demographers say the fertility rate is declining because the country is richer and more urban, but they also point to Brazil's hugely popular soap operas and their portrayal of small, glamorous families. (upr.org)
There are a lot of reasons for the drop in [the fertility rate in] Brazil, and most of them have to do with the modernization, this new way of thinking. (upr.org)
But the fertility rate then began to plunge throughout Latin America, and it was most pronounced in Brazil. (upr.org)
The latest figures show that the fertility rate stands at just under 1.9 children per woman, says Suzana Cavenaghi, a demographer in Brazil's census bureau. (upr.org)
She says there's "no doubt" that the appealing lives presented in the soaps play a role in the falling fertility rate. (upr.org)
Still, it's not just the educated and affluent who have seen the fertility rate plunge - demographers say they see it among the poor, too, and in rural as well as urban areas. (upr.org)
Female life expectancy, maternal mortality, fertility and birth rates of female genital mutilation high prevalence countries. (bournemouth.ac.uk)
Its total fertility rate - the average number of births per woman - has been steadily declining over the last few decades, from over 3.5 in the 1980s to below replacement level today at nearly 1.8. (cia.gov)
Total Fertility Rates by State and Race and Hispanic Origin: United States, 2017. (powertodecide.org)

The U.S. birth rate fell to the lowest level since national data have been available, reports the latest Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) birth statistics released today by HHS Secretary Tommy G. Thompson. (cdc.gov)

For example, in 2019, the proportion of ART-conceived infants among all infants ranged from 0.5% in Puerto Rico to 5.5% in Massachusetts, and rates of ART-conceived multiples ranged from 8.6% in Delaware to 37.3% in North Dakota. (cdc.gov)

This initiative, geared toward families and health care providers, directly corresponds to the March of Dimes strategy of eliminating elective deliveries before 39 weeks to reduce the overall preterm birth rate. (nih.gov)
During 1990--2006, most of the increase in overall preterm birth rates was attributed to late preterm births. (cdc.gov)

The number of cesarean births to women with no previous cesarean birth jumped 7 percent and the rate of vaginal births after previous cesarean delivery dropped 23 percent. (cdc.gov)
Maternal and system characteristics, oxytocin administration practices, and cesarean birth rate. (bvsalud.org)
The cesarean birth rate in the United States is 32%, and there is discussion about the cause of high surgical birth rates . (bvsalud.org)

Lead researcher Professor Nick Wilson says the declines represent a "birth rate shock", as they involve a sharp decline in birth rates per 1,000 population of 17 per cent for non-Māori and 20 per cent for Māori. (otago.ac.nz)

Secretary Thompson also noted that the rate of teen births fell to a new record low, continuing a decline that began in 1991. (cdc.gov)
Birth rates among teenagers were down in 2002, continuing a decline that began in 1991. (cdc.gov)
Except for a brief but steep increase in teen birth rates from 1986 to 1991 and smaller upturns during 1969-1970, 1979-1980, and 2005-2007, birth rates for U.S. teenagers have fallen since 1957. (cdc.gov)
Between 1991 and 2020, the teen birth rate declined by an impressive 75% nationwide. (powertodecide.org)
Data from the 1991-92 National Health Interview Sur- prevalence rates for diabetes and its complications vey (NHIS)3,4 on the prevalence of known diabetes in during pregnancy come from several sources. (nih.gov)

Birth defect rates were similar in the 2 groups. (nih.gov)
Whether high birth-defect rates in the Corpus Christi area were in any way related to activities at area industrial sites, or to releases from those sites. (cdc.gov)
In 2008, ATSDR received a request to look into high birth defect rates reported External for Corpus Christi. (cdc.gov)
After careful evaluation, ATSDR found that limits on current science prevented any finding that might connect Corpus Christi industrial sites, releases from those sites, and high birth defect rates. (cdc.gov)

This study was undertaken to determine the efficacy and safety of using micronized vaginal progesterone gel to reduce the risk of preterm birth and associated neonatal complications in women with a sonographic short cervix. (nih.gov)
Although at less risk than infants born before 34 weeks' gestation, late preterm infants are at higher risk than those born at term (i.e., at 39--41 weeks' gestation) for complications at birth, long-term neurodevelopmental problems, and death in the first year of life. (cdc.gov)
Any delay in recognizing a problem with the fetal heart rate could result in serious birth complications. (goodmanacker.com)
OF CHILDBEARING AGE rates for diabetes during pregnancy or for the various maternal and fetal complications that can occur when diabetes and pregnancy coexist. (nih.gov)

The birth rate was 13.9 per 1,000 persons in 2002, a decline of 1 percent from the rate of 14.1 per 1,000 in 2001 and down 17 percent from the recent peak in 1990 (16.7 per 1,000), according to a new CDC report, "Births: Preliminary Data for 2002. (cdc.gov)
The decline in the birth rate for younger teens, 15-17 years of age, is even more substantial, dropping 38 percent from 1990 to 2002 compared with a drop of 18 percent for teens 18-19 years. (cdc.gov)
Rates of teenage pregnancy and birth rates by state in 1990 exceeded those in most developed countries. (cdc.gov)
The figure above shows late preterm birth rates, by plurality in the United States for the years: 1990, 2000, and 2006. (cdc.gov)

Birth;47(2): 220-226, 2020 06. (bvsalud.org)

The mean time to reach 6 mU/min was longer for women who birthed by cesarean (172.5 minutes) than for women who had vaginal birth (125.0 minutes, P = .024). (bvsalud.org)
Even during the initial hours of labor induction , it is important that the oxytocin infusion is titrated appropriately to aid women in achieving timely vaginal birth . (bvsalud.org)

The drug's 22% success rate for live births is relatively low, and it tends to lead to a high number of twin or multiple pregnancies. (nih.gov)
Pregnancy data include all pregnancies (births, abortions and miscarriages), while birth data reflect only live births. (powertodecide.org)

Moreover, many states have reported increases in birth rates that are probably related to concurrent decreases in abortion rates. (cdc.gov)
Abortion rates were defined as the number of legal induced abortions per 1,000 women in those age and racial/ethnic groups. (cdc.gov)
In a country where abortion is illegal and the Catholic Church frowns on birth control, women have embraced family planning any way they can, says Cavenaghi. (upr.org)
A pregnancy can result in a live birth, an abortion, or a miscarriage. (powertodecide.org)
Also, while birth data are based on a near 100% accounting of every birth in the country, pregnancy data incorporate an estimate of miscarriages and abortion numbers that draw on various reporting systems and surveys. (powertodecide.org)

4) Efforts to achieve Goal 5 (reduction of maternal mortality) needs serious attention from all concerned as only three countries have made good progress, the rest have been very slow and are unlikely to achieve the targets by 2015 with their current rate of success. (who.int)

Results: Data in this report indicate that pregnancy rates by state among U.S. teenagers ages 15-19 years have changed little since 1980. (cdc.gov)

Rates of both complica- manifest hypertensive disorders during gestation. (nih.gov)

The United States' birth rate has continued to decline for the fourth consecutive year, newly released federal data reveals. (breitbart.com)
Oppositely, Hungary's Prime Minister Viktor Orbán has implemented a pro-family agenda to increase his nation's birth rate among similar rapid decline, as Breitbart News has reported . (breitbart.com)

These rates do not include estimates of spontaneous abortions or stillbirths, primarily because fetal losses are substantially underreported to state health departments. (cdc.gov)
We estimate that around 80 per cent of the birth rate deficit in 1919 was from embryonic and fetal loss due to influenza infection in pregnancy. (otago.ac.nz)
How Could Fetal Heart Rate Errors Cause Birth Injuries? (goodmanacker.com)
The fetal heart rate can tell medical professionals a great number of things about the condition of your unborn child, including whether or not he or she is in distress. (goodmanacker.com)
If the fetal heart rate is poorly monitored, not checked at all, or incorrectly examined, it could result in serious harm to both mother and baby. (goodmanacker.com)
While a doctor can use a stethoscope to listen to the baby's heart, modern technology has enabled healthcare professionals to monitor the fetal heart rate using specialized sensors. (goodmanacker.com)
The machine reading the fetal heart rate will also print out a detailed transcript of everything recorded. (goodmanacker.com)
If the nurse, doctor, or midwife fails to check the fetal heart rate, he or she is failing to do their job. (goodmanacker.com)
If the fetal heart rate is not being monitored frequently enough, they must recognize this as a problem and adjust their care accordingly. (goodmanacker.com)
If your baby was injured during birth due to a problem with the way the fetal heart rate was monitored, you may have a birth injury case. (goodmanacker.com)

Pregnancy rates range from 25 to 75 per 1,000 for 15- to 17-year-olds and from 92 to 165 per 1,000 for 18- to 19-year-olds. (cdc.gov)
These measures include teen birth and pregnancy rates (both current levels and trends), percent of teens having sex and using contraception, and prevalence of unplanned pregnancies among all women. (powertodecide.org)

The current low birth rate primarily reflects the smaller proportion of women of childbearing age in the U.S. population, as baby boomers age and Americans are living longer. (cdc.gov)
There has also been a recent downturn in the birth rate for women in the peak childbearing ages. (cdc.gov)
Birth rates for women in their 20s and early 30s were generally down while births to older mothers (35-44) were still on the rise. (cdc.gov)
Rates were stable for women over 45. (cdc.gov)
Numbers of women used to calculate rates were obtained from unpublished tabulations provided by the U.S. Bureau of the Census. (cdc.gov)
PwC also predicted that the UK's unemployment rate would record its highest ever quarterly increase in the second quarter of 2021, with women particularly suffering a hit. (rt.com)
I mean, white, wealthier women have lower birth rates than women of color and women of lower social classes. (kunc.org)
Unfortunately, we don't have good data on the current rate of influenza vaccination in pregnancy in this country, but it is thought to be low, at under half of pregnant women. (otago.ac.nz)
Pregnant women with COVID-19 face higher rates of severe illness and preterm birth. (bu.edu)
The national rate of ART use was 3,226 procedures performed per 1 million women of reproductive age (15 to 44 years). (cdc.gov)
Women who undergo ART procedures are more likely to have multiple-birth deliveries than women who conceive naturally. (cdc.gov)
Below are SET rates among women younger than 35 years. (cdc.gov)
The tions are highest in women with the most marked hypertensive disorders precede pregnancy in approxi- hyperglycemia during the first trimester, and the rates mately half of the cases and develop during pregnancy of malformations appear to be decreasing in countries in the other half. (nih.gov)
1.2% of white women and 2.2% of black women in the The birth certificate data provide the first national age group (525,000 and 140,000 women, respec- estimates of the prevalence of diabetes during preg- tively) have been diagnosed by a physician as having nancy. (nih.gov)
Birth control pills help women have normal periods, reduce male hormone levels, and clear acne. (medlineplus.gov)

Starting in 1998, and continuing through 2017, the researchers noticed a clear biennial pattern, with mortality rates in both newborns and older whales being 3.6 times higher - and successful births 50% lower - in even years, compared to odd years. (biv.com)

Thus, prevalence rates for pregestational of obesity in offspring. (nih.gov)

The UK birth rate is expected to plunge to a record low this year, thanks to a weary population left so deflated by this interminable coronavirus pandemic that the last thing on their minds is bringing more children into the world. (rt.com)

Problems with the placenta are responsible for many poor pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth and stillbirth. (nih.gov)

Used birth control pills, or Depo-Provera (or any injectable birth control), NuvaRing (or any birth control ring), Implanon (or any implant), or any IUD. (powertodecide.org)

Girdusky said the U.S. could see an increase in the birth rate for the first time in years. (breitbart.com)
Last year, the number of babies born in the U.S. fell to its lowest level in four decades, but the birth rate had been declining for six years before that. (kunc.org)
When the female gives birth two years later, it would be in an even year, when conditions are once again favourable, with fatter Chinook. (biv.com)
The research paper, 'One hundred years ago in 1919: New Zealand's birth reduction shock associated with an influenza pandemic' is published in the New Zealand Medical Journal . (otago.ac.nz)
IRR is the rate in country (WHO rate, 2014) divided by the rate by COB by years since entry into the United States (US rate, 2012-2016). (cdc.gov)

The NICHD has worked for decades-often with partners including the March of Dimes-to better understand the causes of preterm birth, to find effective ways to prevent it, and to improve outcomes for infants born preterm. (nih.gov)

NCHS has just released a new report that presents preliminary data on births and birth rates and selected maternal and infant health characteristics for the United States in 2014. (cdc.gov)

Data on births are based on information reported on birth certificates filed in State vital statistics offices and reported to CDC through the National Vital Statistics System. (cdc.gov)
Gestational age at birth may have been miscoded in the NCHS data. (medscape.com)
What is the difference between birth data and pregnancy data? (powertodecide.org)
Pregnancy data are generally released a year or two after birth data because it takes time to incorporate these different components. (powertodecide.org)
Data from birth certificates in the United macrosomia (an excessively large infant). (nih.gov)

The birth rate for 15- to 19-year-olds here dropped nearly 50 percent between 2000 and 2014. (kunm.org)
May is Teen Pregnancy Awareness Month, and since 2000 our state has seen its teen birth rate fall nearly 50 percent for teens age 15 to 17. (kunm.org)

In Japan, decades of declining birthrates have put tens of thousands of family-owned businesses in crisis. (wvia.org)

No maternal characteristics were significantly related to the time to reach a rate of 6 mU/min. (bvsalud.org)

However, one county in Arizona in the United States had a much higher 43 per cent reduction in the birth rate nine to 11 months after the peak of pandemic deaths. (otago.ac.nz)

These findings may inform public health interventions to promote and reduce racial disparities in health beginning at birth," according to the researchers. (medscape.com)
Researchers are also evaluating the effectiveness of treating various infections that are linked to preterm birth. (nih.gov)

Macrosomia increases the risk of birth and this form constitutes ~10% of cases of maternal trauma and has been associated with a long-term risk diabetes. (nih.gov)

these programs may serve as models for other states where birth rates have remained high or have increased since 1980. (cdc.gov)
Fisheries scientists have identified a pattern of low birth rates and high death rates in the Southern Resident Killer Whale (SRKW) population every other year since 1998, suggesting there may be some link to pink salmon. (biv.com)

The reductions in the birth rate in the pandemic year of 1918 (relative to 1917) were less, at nine per cent for non-Māori and seven per cent for Māori. (otago.ac.nz)

A study published in the Marine Ecology Progress Series looked at SRKW births and deaths dating back to 1976 and identified "an unprecedented synchronized biennial pattern of birth and mortality. (biv.com)

Cite this: Preterm Birth Rates Higher in Black Patients - Medscape - Aug 07, 2023. (medscape.com)
These statistics measure whether a birth is the mother's 1st birth or a subsequent birth (that is, a woman's 2nd birth, 3rd birth, or higher order birth). (powertodecide.org)

Study says things like ship noise and contaminants don't explain why Southern Resident Killer Whale birth and death rates would fluctuate on odd-even year cycles. (biv.com)

Almost 12% of non-Hispanic Blacks in the study experienced a preterm birth compared with 7% of non-Hispanic Whites. (medscape.com)
Birth rates across all major racial groups - non-Hispanic whites, Hispanics, non-Hispanic blacks, and non-Hispanic Asians - were again below replacement level for 2018. (breitbart.com)

the total cesarean delivery rate of 26.1 percent was the highest level ever reported in the United States. (cdc.gov)
Since 1971, the birth rate has been below replacement level, according to the CDC. (breitbart.com)
Two states-Massachusetts and the District of Columbia had ART use rates exceeding twice the national level. (cdc.gov)
All of the statistics provided for comparison are rates or percentages, which means they are standardized for population size, and are appropriate for state-level comparisons. (powertodecide.org)

Kaplan-Meier survival curves were calculated to compare the time for patients to reach an infusion rate of 6 mU/min, consistent with endogenous oxytocin levels in active labor. (bvsalud.org)

New Mexico's teen birth rate is the lowest ever recorded - that's according to new statistics from the state Department of Health. (kunm.org)
Luna County has the highest teen birth rate in the state, followed by Lea County. (kunm.org)
New Mexico still had the highest teen pregnancy rate in the U.S. last year, but the good news is that it's declining-here and in the rest of the country. (kunm.org)
Because some statistics are indicators of increased risk (e.g. the teen pregnancy rate) and others are indicators of reduced risk (e.g. used contraception at last sex), the state with the highest ranking may not necessarily have the highest value. (powertodecide.org)

Monitoring the heart rate is extremely important because it helps tell the nurses and doctors how the baby is doing inside the womb. (goodmanacker.com)

Across the globe, 23 nations expect to see their populations slashed by half as birth rates fall below the critical 2.1 required for growth, according to a study from the University of Washington last year. (rt.com)
Median IRR for each year since entry into the United States category was calculated for the 195 countries defined by the United Nations Member State ( https://www.un.org/en/member-states/index.html ) and Non-Member States ( https://www.un.org/en/sections/member-states/non-member-states/index.html ) lists. (cdc.gov)

Across major racial groups, the birth rate continued to drop. (breitbart.com)
rates were also analyzed by racial/ethnic group. (cdc.gov)

For example, to aid in early prevention efforts, investigators are currently working to identify genes and other biomarkers that are associated with risk of preterm birth. (nih.gov)

Germany population, birth rate, etc. (countryreports.org)

In this month of Thanksgiving, we thank the March of Dimes for reminding us that while our nation has much to be thankful for, we must continue and expand our efforts to further reduce the rate of preterm birth-a worthy goal indeed. (nih.gov)

Prepregnancy cardiovascular risk factors contributed to 7.8% of the difference in rates of preterm delivery. (medscape.com)
Socioeconomic risk factors contributed to 21.3% of the difference in preterm birth rates. (medscape.com)

How reliable are the birth certificate variables for mothers with Medicaid coverage? (nih.gov)

And I also think the reason that we're not taking it seriously is that what we're really talking about here when we talk about birth rates is race. (kunc.org)

Results of search for 'su:{Birth rate. (who.int)

Anatomy4

Diseases16

Chemicals and Drugs11

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment37

Psychiatry and Psychology3

Phenomena and Processes24

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena11

Information Science6

Named Groups12

Health Care27

Geographicals2

Focus on adolescent pregnancy and childbearing: a bit of history and implications for the 21st century. (1/665)

Driving through: postpartum care during World War II. (2/665)

Preterm singleton births--United States, 1989-1996. (3/665)

Relation between size of delivery unit and neonatal death in low risk deliveries: population based study. (4/665)

Fertility rates in Denmark in relation to the sexes of preceding children in the family. (5/665)

Effect of labour induction on rates of stillbirth and cesarean section in post-term pregnancies. (6/665)

Regional variations in need for and provision and use of child health services in England and Wales. (7/665)

Births: final data for 1997. (8/665)

Birth Rate

Live Birth

Pregnancy

Birth Weight

Premature Birth

Pregnancy in Adolescence

Pregnancy Rate

Pregnancy Outcome

Embryo Transfer

Fertilization in Vitro

Illegitimacy

Infant, Low Birth Weight

Infant, Newborn

Multiple Birth Offspring

Reproductive Techniques, Assisted

Maternal Age

Pregnancy, Multiple

Birth Certificates

Ovulation Induction

Oocyte Retrieval

Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic

Vital Statistics

Infertility, Female

Embryo Implantation

Infertility

Cryopreservation

Reproductive Control Agents

Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Human

Abortion, Spontaneous

Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer

Single Embryo Transfer

Gestational Age

Clomiphene

Birth Order

Cesarean Section

Infant Mortality

Fertility Agents, Female

Abortion, Habitual

Abortion, Legal

Pregnancy Complications

Insemination, Artificial, Homologous

Fertility

Delivery, Obstetric

National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.)

Embryo Culture Techniques

United States

Single Parent

Paternal Age

Prenatal Care

Twins

Cleavage Stage, Ovum

Nafarelin

Sex Ratio

Fetal Mortality

Retrospective Studies

Minors

Parental Notification

Cohort Studies

Abortion, Induced

Oocyte Donation

Fetal Death

Menotropins

Marital Status

Birth Intervals

Insemination, Artificial

Blastocyst

Stillbirth

Parturition

Anovulation

Preimplantation Diagnosis

Parity

Obstetric Labor, Premature

Family Planning Policy

Demography

Sperm Retrieval

Fallopian Tube Diseases

Immunity, Herd

Labor, Induced

Hispanic Americans

Birth Injuries