Birnaviridae
Aquabirnavirus
Infectious bursal disease virus
Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus
Viral Structural Proteins
Viral proteins that are components of the mature assembled VIRUS PARTICLES. They may include nucleocapsid core proteins (gag proteins), enzymes packaged within the virus particle (pol proteins), and membrane components (env proteins). These do not include the proteins encoded in the VIRAL GENOME that are produced in infected cells but which are not packaged in the mature virus particle,i.e. the so called non-structural proteins (VIRAL NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS).
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
RNA Replicase
Encyclopedias as Topic
Hepatitis, Infectious Canine
Dog Diseases
Culture Media
Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.
Cell Division
Dogs
Data Collection
Cystoviridae
Totiviridae
Reoviridae
Bacteriophage phi 6
RNA, Double-Stranded
RNA consisting of two strands as opposed to the more prevalent single-stranded RNA. Most of the double-stranded segments are formed from transcription of DNA by intramolecular base-pairing of inverted complementary sequences separated by a single-stranded loop. Some double-stranded segments of RNA are normal in all organisms.
Nucleic Acids
Nucleic Acid Hybridization
Widely used technique which exploits the ability of complementary sequences in single-stranded DNAs or RNAs to pair with each other to form a double helix. Hybridization can take place between two complimentary DNA sequences, between a single-stranded DNA and a complementary RNA, or between two RNA sequences. The technique is used to detect and isolate specific sequences, measure homology, or define other characteristics of one or both strands. (Kendrew, Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994, p503)
DNA Probes
Species- or subspecies-specific DNA (including COMPLEMENTARY DNA; conserved genes, whole chromosomes, or whole genomes) used in hybridization studies in order to identify microorganisms, to measure DNA-DNA homologies, to group subspecies, etc. The DNA probe hybridizes with a specific mRNA, if present. Conventional techniques used for testing for the hybridization product include dot blot assays, Southern blot assays, and DNA:RNA hybrid-specific antibody tests. Conventional labels for the DNA probe include the radioisotope labels 32P and 125I and the chemical label biotin. The use of DNA probes provides a specific, sensitive, rapid, and inexpensive replacement for cell culture techniques for diagnosing infections.
DNA
A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).
Oligonucleotide Probes
Synthetic or natural oligonucleotides used in hybridization studies in order to identify and study specific nucleic acid fragments, e.g., DNA segments near or within a specific gene locus or gene. The probe hybridizes with a specific mRNA, if present. Conventional techniques used for testing for the hybridization product include dot blot assays, Southern blot assays, and DNA:RNA hybrid-specific antibody tests. Conventional labels for the probe include the radioisotope labels 32P and 125I and the chemical label biotin.
Terminology as Topic
Red Cross
Classification
Bacteria
One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.
Editorial Policies
Indigo Carmine
Vanilla
Paeonia
A plant genus of the family Paeoniaceae, order Dilleniales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida. These perennial herbs are up to 2 m (6') tall. Leaves are alternate and are divided into three lobes, each lobe being further divided into three smaller lobes. The large flowers are symmetrical, bisexual, have 5 sepals, 5 petals (sometimes 10), and many stamens.
Vaccinia virus
Virus Replication
Receptors, Virus
Virus Assembly
Virus Shedding
Enterovirus
Enterovirus B, Human
Coxsackievirus Infections
Echovirus Infections
Poliovirus
A species of ENTEROVIRUS which is the causal agent of POLIOMYELITIS in humans. Three serotypes (strains) exist. Transmission is by the fecal-oral route, pharyngeal secretions, or mechanical vector (flies). Vaccines with both inactivated and live attenuated virus have proven effective in immunizing against the infection.
Gill lamellar pillar cell necrosis, a new birnavirus disease in Japanese eels. (1/29)
Since the late 1980s, a birnaviral gill disease has been occurring in Japanese eels Anguilla japonica reared in warmwater ponds in western regions in Japan. Diseased eels mostly displayed marked formations of aneurysmal hematomas within gill lamellae and high mortalities. Histological examination revealed necrosis of pillar cells and subsequent aggregation of erythrocytes inside the lamellar capillaries, and proliferation of interlamellar epithelia onto the lamellae. Gastric gland cells were also necrotized. Electron microscopy revealed birnavirus infection in lamellar pillar cells. The causative birnavirus was isolated and cultured in fish cell lines and was found to be related to an infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) Sp serotype by neutralization tests. The viral pathogenicity was confirmed by the results of histopathological examinations and infectivity experiments. (+info)Characteristics of a new birnavirus associated with a warm-water fish cell line. (2/29)
A warm-water fish cell line developed from blotched snakehead caudal peduncle (BSN) was found to have persistent birnavirus infection. Purified virus particles were of icosahedral shape and had 57+/-1.6 nm diameter. The BSN virus was resistant to 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine and induced yellowish-green cytoplasmic inclusions when stained with acridine orange. The virus was resistant to chloroform, acid and alkaline pH and heat treatment at 56 degrees C for 2 h. Purified virions had a buoyant density of 1.33 g/ml in CsCl and contained two genomic segments with molecular masses of 2.56 x 10(6) and 2.00 x 10(6) Da and four structural polypeptides of 112 (polyprotein, PP), 91 (VP1), 44 (VP2) and 37 (VP3) kDa. Reciprocal beta cross-neutralization tests incorporating four classical strains of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) (WB, Sp, Ab and TV-1) and the BSN virus established the complete serological distinctness of the virus from IPNV. Considering the uniqueness of the virus, the name blotched snakehead virus is proposed for this agent. (+info)Isolation of different types of birnavirus from ayu Plecoglossus altivelis and amago salmon Oncorhynchus rhodurus cultured in the same geographic area. (3/29)
A birnavirus was recently isolated from cultured ayu Plecoglossus altivelis on Shikoku island, Japan. The diseased fish displayed vertebral or vertical curvature and mild haemorrhage around the brain. Cytopathic effects (CPE) of the virus, including cell roundness, filamentous change and cell lysis, were observed in CHSE-214, RTG-2 and RSBK-2 cells. The virus isolated from ayu, designated the AY-98 strain, was found to be antigenically related to the marine birnavirus (MABV) Y-6 strain that originated from yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata. AY-98 had a bi-segmented RNA genome and the same nucleotide sequence in the 310 bp VP2/NS junction as MABV Y-6. At the same time that the ayu epizootics occurred, another birnavirus (AM-98) was isolated from amago salmon Oncorhynchus rhodurus which were cultured 66 km away from the ayu farm. AM-98 showed a similar CPE and had the same host cell ranges as AY-98. However, AM-98 was serologically similar to the VR-299 strain of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) and their nucleotide sequences in the VP2/NS junction region showed 98% homology without changes at the amino acid level. In this study, the ayu strain AY-98 was grouped into MABV, whereas the amago salmon strain AM-98 was grouped into IPNV. This indicates that the 2 birnaviruses originated from different sources in spite of the fact that the places where they were isolated are close to one another. The results in this paper show a new aspect of the traditional consensus that the same serogroup of birnavirus distribute in close geographic areas. (+info)Active residues and viral substrate cleavage sites of the protease of the birnavirus infectious pancreatic necrosis virus. (4/29)
The polyprotein of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV), a birnavirus, is processed by the viral protease VP4 (also named NS) to generate three polypeptides: pVP2, VP4, and VP3. Site-directed mutagenesis at 42 positions of the IPNV VP4 protein was performed to determine the active site and the important residues for the protease activity. Two residues (serine 633 and lysine 674) were critical for cleavage activity at both the pVP2-VP4 and the VP4-VP3 junctions. Wild-type activity at the pVP2-VP4 junction and a partial block (with an alteration of the cleavage specificity) at the VP4-VP3 junction were observed when replacement occurred at histidines 547 and 679. A similar observation was made when aspartic acid 693 was replaced by leucine, but wild-type activity and specificity were found when substituted by glutamine or asparagine. Sequence comparison between IPNV and two birnavirus (infectious bursal disease virus and Drosophila X virus) VP4s revealed that serine 633 and lysine 674 are conserved in these viruses, in contrast to histidines 547 and 679. The importance of serine 633 and lysine 674 is reminiscent of the protease active site of bacterial leader peptidases and their mitochondrial homologs and of the bacterial LexA-like proteases. Self-cleavage sites of IPNV VP4 were determined at the pVP2-VP4 and VP4-VP3 junctions by N-terminal sequencing and mutagenesis. Two alternative cleavage sites were also identified in the carboxyl domain of pVP2 by cumulative mutagenesis. The results suggest that VP4 cleaves the (Ser/Thr)-X-Ala / (Ser/Ala)-Gly motif, a target sequence with similarities to bacterial leader peptidases and herpesvirus protease cleavage sites. (+info)Expression of YAV proteins and vaccination against viral ascites among cultured juvenile yellowtail. (5/29)
Yellowtail ascites virus (YAV) is a member of the family Birnaviridae and causes viral ascites among juvenile yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata). We have reported the cloning and expression of two viral cDNAs, the first being segment A encoding a polyprotein of viral capsid proteins (VP2 and VP3) and a protease (NS), and the second being VP2-epitope encoding serotype-specific epitope region on VP2, using a baculovirus expression system. Another viral cDNA encoding a polyprotein of NS and VP3 was cloned and expressed in this study. For the expression of NS/VP3 (YAV nt 1626 to 3066) in insect cells a 31-kDa protein, corresponding to VP3 was detected, indicating an appropriate posttranslational processing of NS/VP3 polypeptide by NS protease itself. The analysis of the N-terminal amino acid sequence of this protein showed that NS protease may cleave an Ala-Ser bond. A study of the potential for vaccination of yellowtail fry by injection of insect cell lysates infected with baculovirus, containing either cDNA of segment A, VP2-epitope, or NS/VP3 was undertaken. Only a vaccination with cell lysates infected with a recombinant virus carrying the full length of YAV segment A gene demonstrated approximately the same effect as that of inactivated YAV. This result suggested that all proteins VP2, VP3, and NS are required for an effective vaccination. (+info)First isolation of an aquatic birnavirus from farmed and wild fish species in Australia. (6/29)
During routine sampling and testing, as part of a systematic surveillance program (the Tasmanian Salmonid Health Surveillance Program), an aquatic birnavirus was isolated from 'pin-head' (fish exhibiting deficient acclimatisation on transfer to saltwater) Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, approximately 18 mo old, farmed in net-pens located in Macquarie Harbour on the west coast of Tasmania, Australia. The isolate grows readily in a range of fish cell lines including CHSE-214, RTG-2 and BF-2 and is neutralised by a pan-specific rabbit antiserum raised against infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) Ab strain and by a commercial pan-specific IPNV-neutralising monoclonal antibody. Presence of the virus was not associated with gross clinical signs. Histopathological examination revealed a range of lesions particularly in pancreatic tissue. The virus was localised in pancreas sections by immunoperoxidase staining using the polyclonal antiserum and by electron microscopy. Examination by electron microscopy demonstrated that the virus isolated in cell culture (1) belongs to the family Birnaviridae, genus Aquabirnaviridae; (2) was ultrastructurally and antigenically similar to virus identified in the index fish; (3) is related to IPNV. Western blot analysis using the polyclonal rabbit antiserum confirmed the cross-reactions between various aquatic birnavirus isolates. In addition, PCR analysis of isolated viral nucleic acid from the index case indicated that the virus is more closely related to IPNV fr21 and N1 isolates than to other birnavirus isolates available for comparison. Sampling of other fish species within Macquarie Harbour has demonstrated that the virus is present in several other species of fish including farmed rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, wild flounder Rhombosolea tapirina, cod Pseudophycis sp., spiked dogfish Squalus megalops and ling Genypterus blacodes. (+info)Genome sequence of a VP2/NS junction region of pillar cell necrosis virus (PCNV) in cultured Japanese eel Anguilla japonica. (7/29)
Pillar cell necrosis virus (PCNV) is an aquatic birnavirus that was isolated from farmed Japanese eel experiencing mass mortality. In this study, a VP2/NS junction region in genome segment A of PCNV was amplified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and sequenced. The VP2/NS region in PCNV had the highest homology with that of a strain Ab of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV). This result revealed that PCNV belongs to birnavirus genogroup II. (+info)Blotched snakehead virus is a new aquatic birnavirus that is slightly more related to avibirnavirus than to aquabirnavirus. (8/29)
By different approaches, we characterized the birnavirus blotched snakehead virus (BSNV). The sequence of genomic segment A revealed the presence of two open reading frames (ORFs): a large ORF with a 3,207-bp-long nucleotide sequence and a 417-nucleotide-long small ORF located within the N-terminal half of the large ORF, but in a different reading frame. The large ORF was found to encode a polyprotein cotranslationally processed by the viral protease VP4 to generate pVP2 (the VP2 precursor), a 71-amino-acid-long peptide ([X]), VP4, and VP3. The two cleavage sites at the [X]-VP4 and VP4-VP3 junctions were identified by N-terminal sequencing. We showed that the processing of pVP2 generated VP2 and several small peptides (amino acids [aa] 418 to 460, 461 to 467, 468 to 474, and 475 to 486). Two of these peptides (aa 418 to 460 and 475 to 486) were positively identified in the viral particles with 10 additional peptides derived from further processing of the peptide aa 418 to 460. The results suggest that VP4 cleaves multiple Pro-X-Ala downward arrow Ala motifs, with the notable exception of the VP4-VP3 junction. Replacement of the members of the predicted VP4 catalytic dyad (Ser-692 and Lys-729) confirmed their indispensability in the polyprotein processing. The genomic segment B sequence revealed a single large ORF encoding a putative polymerase, VP1. Our results demonstrate that BSNV should be considered a new aquatic birnavirus species, slightly more related to IBDV than to IPNV. (+info)
Birnaviridae - Wikipedia
Blosnavirus - Wikipedia
Structural polyprotein - Drosophila x virus (isolate Chung/1996) (DXV)
Would Someone Please Release a MacOS X Virus! - Slashdot
BIRNAVIRUS VP4 PRO (PS51548) | InterPro | EMBL-EBI
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Active Residues and Viral Substrate Cleavage Sites of the Protease of the Birnavirus Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus |...
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dsRNA viruses - Reoviridae - Reoviridae study group - Cystoviridae -
Birnaviridae - Totiviridae: Home Page
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Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus | EVAg
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Gammaherpesvirinae
Gammaherpesviruses are of primary interest due to the two human viruses, EBV and KSHV and the diseases they cause. The gammaherpesviruses replicate and persist in lymphoid cells but some are capable of undergoing lytic replication in epithelial or fibroblast cells. Gammaherpesviruses may be a cause of chronic fibrotic lung diseases in humans and in animals.[10] Murid herpesvirus 68 is an important model system for the study of gammaherpesviruses with tractable genetics. The gammaherpesviruses, including HVS, EBV, KSHV, and RRV, are capable of establishing latent infection in lymphocytes.[9] Attenuated virus mutants represent a promising approach towards gamma-herpesvirus infection control. Surprisingly, latency-deficient and, therefore, apathogenic MHV-68 mutants are found to be highly effective vaccines against these viruses.[8] Research in this area is almost exclusively performed using MHV68 as KSHV and EBV (the major human pathogens of this family) do not productively infect model organisms ...
Aquabirnavirus
"ICTV Report Birnaviridae". "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) ICTV Report: ... Aquabirnavirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Birnaviridae. Salmonid fish serve as natural hosts. There are currently ... Group: dsRNA Order: Unassigned Family: Birnaviridae Genus: Aquabirnavirus Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus Tellina virus ... Birnaviridae". The Journal of General Virology. 100 (1): 5-6. doi:10.1099/jgv.0.001185. PMID 30484762. " ...
Entomobirnavirus
"ICTV Report Birnaviridae". "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) ICTV Report: ... Entomobirnavirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Birnaviridae. The fly Drosophila melanogaster is the natural host. There ... Group: dsRNA Order: Unassigned Family: Birnaviridae Genus: Entomobirnavirus Drosophila X virus Mosquito X virus Viruses in the ... Birnaviridae". The Journal of General Virology. 100 (1): 5-6. doi:10.1099/jgv.0.001185. PMID 30484762. " ...
Avibirnavirus
... is a genus of viruses in family Birnaviridae. There is currently a single species in this genus, the type species ... "ICTV Report Birnaviridae". "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) Jackwood, ... Birnaviridae". The Journal of General Virology. 100 (1): 5-6. doi:10.1099/jgv.0.001185. PMID 30484762. " ...
Blosnavirus
"ICTV Report Birnaviridae". "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) ICTV Report: ... Blosnavirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Birnaviridae. Blotched snakehead fish serve as natural hosts. There are ... Group: dsRNA Order: Unassigned Family: Birnaviridae Genus: Blosnavirus Blotched snakehead virus Lates calcarifer birnavirus ... Birnaviridae". The Journal of General Virology. 100 (1): 5-6. doi:10.1099/jgv.0.001185. PMID 30484762. " ...
Virus-Taxonomie
Familie Birnaviridae. *Genus Aquabirnavirus. *Genus Avibirnavirus. *Genus Blosnavirus. *Genus Entomobirnavirus. *Familie ...
Drosophila X virus
... (DXV) belongs to the Birnaviridae family of viruses. Birnaviridae currently consists of three genera. The ... This polypeptide is 977 amino acids in length, making it the largest encoded RdRp in the Birnaviridae family. The RdRp contains ... or downstream pseudoknot that is seen in other members of Birnaviridae. It is hypothesized the small ORF is translated in a ... which is consistent with birnaviridae (Shwed, 2002). The segment A genome is 3360-bp in length. Segment A encodes a polyprotein ...
Viral replication
This class includes two major families, the Reoviridae and Birnaviridae. Replication is monocistronic and includes individual, ...
腸道病毒 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书
双DNA病毒科 Birnaviridae. *金色病毒科 Chrysoviridae. *囊状噬菌体科 Cystoviridae ...
中東呼吸綜合症 - 维基百科,自由的百
双DNA病毒科 Birnaviridae. *金色病毒科 Chrysoviridae. *囊状噬菌体科 Cystoviridae ...
Double-stranded RNA viruses
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is the best-characterized member of the family Birnaviridae. These viruses have ...
Infectious pancreatic necrosis
It is caused by infectious pancreatic necrosis virus, which is a member of the Birnaviridae family. This disease mainly affects ...
Infectious bursal disease
... is a double-stranded RNA virus that has a bi-segmented genome and belongs to the genus Avibirnavirus of family Birnaviridae. ...
Pisuviricota
Phylogenetic analyses suggest that Birnaviridae and Permutotetraviridae, both currently unassigned to a phylum in Orthornavirae ...
Megabirnaviridae
... than families Birnaviridae (6 kbp) and Picobirnaviridae (4 kbp). There is only one species in this family: the type species ...
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
... except retroviruses and Birnaviridae All positive-strand RNA eukaryotic viruses with no DNA stage All RNA-containing ... such as orthomyxoviruses and bunyaviruses dsRNA virus family Birnaviridae (InterPro: IPR007100) RNA transcription is similar to ...
List of MeSH codes (B04)
... birnaviridae MeSH B04.909.777.123.050 - aquabirnavirus MeSH B04.909.777.123.050.430 - infectious pancreatic necrosis virus MeSH ...
Orthornavirae
Birnaviridae Permutotetraviridae Botybirnavirus The kingdom contains three groups in the Baltimore classification system, which ...
Picobirnavirus
... es were initially thought to belong to the family Birnaviridae, but later were confirmed to differ with respect ...
RNA virus
Family Amalgaviridae Family Birnaviridae Family Chrysoviridae Family Cystoviridae Family Endornaviridae Family Hypoviridae ... Birnaviridae, Cystoviridae, Nodaviridae, and Permutotretraviridae. These viruses have multiple types of genome ranging from a ... that the dsRNA viruses are not closely related to each other but instead belong to four additional classes-Birnaviridae, ...
List of virus families and subfamilies
Baculoviridae Barnaviridae Belpaoviridae Benyviridae Betaflexiviridae Bicaudaviridae Bidnaviridae Birnaviridae Bornaviridae ...
Birnaviridae
"Birnaviridae-Birnaviridae-dsRNA Viruses". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Retrieved 16 October 2019. " ... Birnaviridae is a family of double-stranded RNA viruses. Salmonid fish, birds and insects serve as natural hosts. There are ... Viruses in family Birnaviridae are non-enveloped, with icosahedral single-shelled geometries, and T=13 symmetry. The diameter ... Birnaviridae". The Journal of General Virology. 100 (1): 5-6. doi:10.1099/jgv.0.001185. PMID 30484762. " ...
Dodatak:Popisi vrsta:Virusi - Wikipedija
Birnaviridae , Blosnavirus: , Bocaparvovirus: , Bornaviridae , Bornavirus: , Botrexvirus: , Bppunalikevirus: , Bracovirus: , ...
Retrovirus
When retroviruses have integrated their own genome into the germ line, their genome is passed on to a following generation. These endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), contrasted with exogenous ones, now make up 5-8% of the human genome.[7] Most insertions have no known function and are often referred to as "junk DNA". However, many endogenous retroviruses play important roles in host biology, such as control of gene transcription, cell fusion during placental development in the course of the germination of an embryo, and resistance to exogenous retroviral infection. Endogenous retroviruses have also received special attention in the research of immunology-related pathologies, such as autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis, although endogenous retroviruses have not yet been proven to play any causal role in this class of disease.[8] While transcription was classically thought to occur only from DNA to RNA, reverse transcriptase transcribes RNA into DNA. The term "retro" in retrovirus refers to ...
Hepadnaviridae
The hepatitis envelope proteins are composed of subunits made from the viral preS1, preS2, and S genes. The L (for "large") envelope protein contains all three subunits. The M (for "medium") protein contains only preS2 and S. The S (for "small") protein contains only S. The genome portions encoding these envelope protein subuntis share both the same frame and the same stop codon (generating nested transcripts on a single open reading frame. The pre-S1 is encoded first (closest to the 5' end), followed directly by the pre-S2 and the S. When a transcript is made from the beginning of the pre-S1 region, all three genes are included in the transcript and the L protein is produced. When the transcript starts after the pro-S1 at the beginning of the pre-S2 the final protein contains the pre-S2 and S subunits only and therefore is an M protein. The smallest envelope protein containing just the S subunit is made most because it is encoded closest to the 3' end and comes from the shortest transcript. ...
Betanodavirus
Viruses in Betanodavirus are non-enveloped, with icosahedral geometries, and T=3 symmetry. The diameter is around 30 nm. Genomes are linear and segmented, bipartite, around 21.4kb in length.[8]. The crystal structure of a betanodavirus- T=3 Grouper nervous necrosis virus (GNNV)-like particle has been determined by X-ray crystallography. The virus-like particle contains 180 subunits of the capsid protein, and each capsid protein (CP) shows three major domains: (i) the N-terminal arm, an inter-subunit extension at the inner surface; (ii) the shell domain (S-domain), a jelly-roll structure; and (iii) the protrusion domain (P-domain) formed by three-fold trimeric protrusions. [10]. ...
Polydnavirus
Nucleic acid analysis suggests a very long association of the viruses with the wasps (greater than 70 million years).. Two proposals have been advanced for how the wasp/virus association developed. The first suggests that the virus is derived from wasp genes. Many parasitoids that do not use PDVs inject proteins that provide many of the same functions, that is, a suppression of the immune response to the parasite egg. In this model, the braconid and ichneumonid wasps packaged genes for these functions into the viruses-essentially creating a gene-transfer system that results in the caterpillar producing the immune-suppressing factors. In this scenario, the PDV structural proteins (capsids) were probably "borrowed" from existing viruses.. The alternative proposal suggests that ancestral wasps developed a beneficial association with an existing virus that eventually led to the integration of the virus into the wasp's genome. Following integration, the genes responsible for virus replication and the ...
Virus
Louis Pasteur was unable to find a causative agent for rabies and speculated about a pathogen too small to be detected using a microscope.[21] In 1884, the French microbiologist Charles Chamberland invented a filter (known today as the Chamberland filter or the Pasteur-Chamberland filter) with pores smaller than bacteria. Thus, he could pass a solution containing bacteria through the filter and completely remove them from the solution.[22] In 1892, the Russian biologist Dmitri Ivanovsky used this filter to study what is now known as the tobacco mosaic virus. His experiments showed that crushed leaf extracts from infected tobacco plants remain infectious after filtration. Ivanovsky suggested the infection might be caused by a toxin produced by bacteria, but did not pursue the idea.[23] At the time it was thought that all infectious agents could be retained by filters and grown on a nutrient medium - this was part of the germ theory of disease.[2] In 1898, the Dutch microbiologist Martinus ...
Birnaviridae - Wikipedia
Birnaviridae proteins[edit]. The Birnaviridae genome encodes several proteins: Birnaviridae RNA-directed RNA polymerase (VP1), ... Birnaviridae is a family of viruses. Salmonid fish, young sexually immature chickens, and insects serve as natural hosts. There ... Viruses in Birnaviridae are non-enveloped, with icosahedral and Single-shelled geometries, and T=13 symmetry. The diameter is ... "Genome and polypeptides characterization of Tellina virus 1 reveals a fifth genetic cluster in the Birnaviridae family". ...
Birnaviridae | EVAg
FAQ • Birnaviridae Infections
Revision #10 - Birnaviridae - dsRNA Viruses - International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)
Birnaviridae: from Latin prefix bi, "two", signifying the bisegmented nature of the viral genome as well as the presence of ... Birnaviridae is a family of viruses with bisegmented dsRNA genomes with a total of about 6 kbp forming icosahedral, non- ... Figure 4.Birnaviridae. A distance tree representing the phylogenetic relationships of VP1 in the various genera and genetic ... Birnaviridae: Supporting Information. *Authors - Corresponding author: Bernard Delmas ([email protected]) ...
Revision #4 - Birnaviridae - dsRNA Viruses - International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) causes an immunosuppressive disease in chickens by destruction of B lymphocytes in the bursa of Fabricius. Apoptosis has also been observed in this and other lymphoid organs. VP5 inhibits apoptosis at the early stage of viral infection in chicken embryonic fibroblast cells, whereas VP2 induces apoptosis in transfected mammalian cells. The latter finding correlates with evidence of apoptosis and B cell death in chickens infected with IBDV. The rapid depletion of B cells in the bursa of Fabricius leads to immunosuppression and increased susceptibility to other infections and diseases. The virus is highly contagious and is of major importance to the poultry industry worldwide. Two serotypes (1 and 2) of IBDV have been identified by cross-neutralization assays. Serotype 1 strains are pathogenic in chickens, whereas serotype 2 strains are nonpathogenic.. ...
The Springer Index of Viruses | SpringerLink
Arteriviridae | IVIS
dsRNA viruses - Reoviridae - Reoviridae study group - Cystoviridae -
Birnaviridae - Totiviridae: Home Page
Gammaherpesvirinae - Wikipedia
Gammaherpesviruses are of primary interest due to the two human viruses, EBV and KSHV and the diseases they cause. The gammaherpesviruses replicate and persist in lymphoid cells but some are capable of undergoing lytic replication in epithelial or fibroblast cells. Gammaherpesviruses may be a cause of chronic fibrotic lung diseases in humans and in animals.[10] Murid herpesvirus 68 is an important model system for the study of gammaherpesviruses with tractable genetics. The gammaherpesviruses, including HVS, EBV, KSHV, and RRV, are capable of establishing latent infection in lymphocytes.[9] Attenuated virus mutants represent a promising approach towards gamma-herpesvirus infection control. Surprisingly, latency-deficient and, therefore, apathogenic MHV-68 mutants are found to be highly effective vaccines against these viruses.[8] Research in this area is almost exclusively performed using MHV68 as KSHV and EBV (the major human pathogens of this family) do not productively infect model organisms ...
Patent US20030152942 - Nucleic acid detection in pooled samples - Google Patents
The present invention relates to detecting target nucleic acid sequences in pooled samples. In particular, the present invention relates to compositions and methods for detecting the presence or absence of target nucleic acid sequences (e.g. RNA virus sequences) in a pooled sample employing an INVADER detection assay. In certain embodiments, the present invention allows target nucleic acid sequence detection in pooled biological samples (e.g. pooled blood samples) without prior amplification of the target.
Virus-Taxonomie - Wikipedia
Fenner's Veterinary Virology by N. James Maclachlan BVSc, MS, PhD |, Paperback | Barnes & Noble®
Ultrastructural Pathology: The Comparative Cellular Basis of Disease, 2nd Edition | Wiley
Virus Taxonomy: Ninth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, Book by Andrew MQ King (Other) | chapters...
Zwitterionic immunomodulators for the treatment of asthma and allergy - The Brigham and Women's Hospital, Inc.
Virus - Everything2.com
The Big Picture Book of Viruses - Baltimore Listing
Characterising Birnaviridae replication and reassortment in vitro: virus factories derived from distinct input viruses form in...
The Birnaviridae family is comprised of non-enveloped viruses with a double-stranded RNA genome that is divided into two ... The Birnaviridae family is comprised of non-enveloped viruses with a double-stranded RNA genome that is divided into two ... Characterising Birnaviridae replication and reassortment in vitro: virus factories derived from distinct input viruses form in ...
Aquabirnavirus - Wikipedia
"ICTV Report Birnaviridae". "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) ICTV Report: ... Aquabirnavirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Birnaviridae. Salmonid fish serve as natural hosts. There are currently ... Group: dsRNA Order: Unassigned Family: Birnaviridae Genus: Aquabirnavirus Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus Tellina virus ... Birnaviridae". The Journal of General Virology. 100 (1): 5-6. doi:10.1099/jgv.0.001185. PMID 30484762. " ...
Virology Index
Icosahedral Symmetry. The cubic symmetry found in viruses is invariably that of an icosahedron, one of the five classical Platonic solids of geometry; it has 12 vertices (corners), 30 edges, and 20 faces, each an equilateral triangle. It has axes of two-, three-, and fivefold rotational symmetry, passing through its edges, faces, and vertices, respectively. The icosahedron is the optimum solution to the problem of constructing, from repeating subunits, a strong structure to enclose a maximum volume. Before icosahedrons were discovered in viruses, the same principles were applied by the architect Buckminster Fuller to the construction of icosahedral buildings (geodesic domes). An object with icosahedral symmetry need not appear angular in outline; the virions of many animal viruses with icosahedral symmetry appear spherical with a bumpy surface.. Only certain arrangements of the capsomers can fit into the faces, edges, and vertices of the viral icosahedron. The capsomers on the faces and ...
DNA transfection system for the generation of infectious influenza virus - St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
The Baltimore Classification System
Difference between revisions of "Taxonomy Index" - microbewiki
Difference between revisions of "Ustilago" - microbewiki
The composition of the cell wall is not completely deciphered. Recent studies indicate that the walls are made of mostly of polysaccharides and chitin. Chitin and phosphate are more abundant in the mycelial form that in the yeast (Ruiz-Herrara, 1998). Knowledge of the cell wall composition and metabolism of Ustilago maydis is still being investigated. However, recent studies have shown that cell walls of the yeast and mycelial forms are mostly made up of polysaccharides. Mycelial forms contain both polysaccharides and chitin (Feldbrugge, 2004). Ustilago maydis is useful in studying many things, such as mating determination, homologous recombination and signaling pathways. This is because during the life cycle of U. maydis, non-pathogenic haploid cells, which grow like yeast, fuse together to form a dikaryotic hyphae (Bolker, ). U. maydis can only induce disease in the dikaryotic stage that occurs after mating. This process involves cAMP and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling that ...
Veterinary virology - University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest
US Patent # 9,566,348. Methods and compositions for the treatment of cancer and infectious
disease using alpha(2)...
Viruses13
- Birnaviridae is a family of viruses . (wikipedia.org)
- Viruses in Birnaviridae are non-enveloped, with icosahedral and Single-shelled geometries, and T=13 symmetry. (wikipedia.org)
- Birnaviridae is a family of viruses with bisegmented dsRNA genomes with a total of about 6 kbp forming icosahedral, non-enveloped virions. (ictvonline.org)
- The Birnaviridae family is comprised of non-enveloped viruses with a double-stranded RNA genome that is divided into two segments, A and B. Birnaviruses are responsible for major economic losses to the poultry and aquaculture industries, and reassortment complicates their epidemiology and control. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- Aquabirnavirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Birnaviridae. (wikipedia.org)
- Group: dsRNA Order: Unassigned Family: Birnaviridae Genus: Aquabirnavirus Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus Tellina virus Yellowtail ascites virus Viruses in Aquabirnavirus are non-enveloped, with icosahedral and Single-shelled geometries, and T=13 symmetry. (wikipedia.org)
- Examples of Class III viruses include Rheoviridae and Birnaviridae . (news-medical.net)
- 218. The IBD virus belongs to the Birnaviridae family of RNA viruses. (thepoultrysite.com)
- This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the taxonomy of Birnaviridae , which is available at www.ictv.global/report/birnaviridae . (microbiologyresearch.org)
- Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is an acute, contagious disease of trout fry and fingerlings caused by viruses of the family birnaviridae. (oregonstate.edu)
- He is also Fellow of Indian Virological Society and member study group on Picobirnaviridae and Birnaviridae viruses of International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). (researchandmarkets.com)
- The Birnaviridae family comprises naked icosahedral viruses with bipartite dsRNA genomes that infect a wide variety of animal species including insects, aquatic fauna and birds. (csic.es)
- The genus Entomobirnavirus (from the Greek entomon = insect) is one of four genera in the family Birnaviridae and contains viruses isolated from insects. (dpvweb.net)
Aquabirnavirus3
- Infeksiøst pankreasnekrose-virus (IPNV) er et robust nakent RNA-virus i slekten Aquabirnavirus, familien Birnaviridae. (imr.no)
- Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is a highly transmissible disease caused by IPN virus (IPNV) which belongs to the Birnaviridae family, genus Aquabirnavirus ( Roberts and Pearson 2005 ). (g3journal.org)
- Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) is a bisegmented double-stranded RNA virus belonging to the family Birnaviridae, genus Aquabirnavirus, which is a major viral pathogen of salmonid fish. (elsevier.com)
Family11
- Birnaviridae RNA-directed RNA polymerase (VP1), which lacks the highly conserved Gly-Asp-Asp (GDD) sequence, a component of the proposed catalytic site of this enzyme family that exists in the conserved motif VI of the palm domain of other RNA-directed RNA polymerases. (wikipedia.org)
- Characteristics of the family Birnaviridae . (ictvonline.org)
- IBDV is a small, non-enveloped double-stranded RNA virus, belonging to the Birnaviridae family. (thepoultrysite.com)
- 1974). IBDV is a member of the genus Avibirnavirus of the family Birnaviridae (Chettle, Stuart & Wyeth 1989). (scielo.org.za)
- The virus responsible is a bisegmented, double-stranded RNA virus, belonging to the Avibirnavirus genus in the family Birnaviridae. (au-ibar.org)
- IBDV is a member of the genus Avibirnavirus in the family Birnaviridae , and its genome is composed of two segments of double-stranded RNA ( 25 ). (asm.org)
- Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), 1 a member of the Birnaviridae family, is a pathogenic agent that damages the precursors of antibody-producing B lymphocytes in the bursa of Fabricius (central humoral immune organ) and causes severe immunodeficiency and mortality in young chickens ( 1 ). (mcponline.org)
- Members of the Birnaviridae family, including infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), exhibit a dual behavior, causing acute infections that are often followed by the establishment of lifelong persistent asymptomatic infections. (asm.org)
- The blotched snakehead (BSN) cell line associated virus was shown to be a new member of the family Birnaviridae and was also shown to be non-pathogenic for snakehead fish. (www.gov.uk)
- The causative agent, infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), belongs to the family Birnaviridae. (elsevier.com)
- Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is an important member of the Birnaviridae family. (bvsalud.org)
IBDV1
- Our main virus model, infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), is the aetiological agent of an acute immunosuppressive disease that affects juvenile domestic chickens and causes heavy economic losses to the poultry industry world-wide (http://www.oie.int/eng/maladies/en_classification2007.htm?e1d7). (csic.es)
Journal of Gener1
- Birnaviridae , Journal of General Virology, (In Press). (ictvonline.org)
Infectious1
- Infectious pancreatic disease (IPN) and pancreas disease (PD) of salmon are viral diseases caused by Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus (IPNV) (Birnaviridae) and Salmonid Alphavirus (SAV) (Togaviridae). (uib.no)
IPNV4
- Bergnebb kan bli smittet og representere en symptomfri bærer av IPNV, og kan trolig spre viruset (Gibson mfl. (imr.no)
- 2008). En særlig høy IPNV prevalens ble observert i villaks samlet inn for bruk som stamfisk i Galicia (Spania), 39 % i 2004 og 51 % 2005 (Bandín & Dopazo 2006). (imr.no)
- I Norge har en gjennomført IPNV-analyser av laks samlet som stamfisk for kultiveringsformål. (imr.no)
- IPNV ble i denne perioden påvist i en laks. (imr.no)
Genus1
- Genus Tequatrovirus ( T4virus , T4-ähnliche Viren , en. (wikipedia.org)
Segment1
- The large RNA segment of Birnaviridae codes for a polyprotein (N-VP2-VP4-VP3-C). (ebi.ac.uk)
Term1
- This page lists the EVAg products having been related to the "Birnaviridae" taxonomic term. (european-virus-archive.com)
Genus2
- Taxonomically, IPN virus a member of the family Birnaviridae and the genus Aquabirnavirus. (fishpathogens.net)
- Double stranded RNA virus, it belongs to the genus Avibirnavirus of the family Birnaviridae , very resistant in the environment. (hipra.com)