OrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaInformation ScienceHealth CareGeographicals
BirnaviridaeAquabirnavirusBirnaviridae InfectionsInfectious bursal disease virusInfectious pancreatic necrosis virusViral Structural ProteinsMolecular Sequence DataRNA ReplicaseEncyclopedias as TopicHepatitis, Infectious CanineBooksDog DiseasesCulture MediaCell DivisionDogsData CollectionCystoviridaeTotiviridaeReoviridaeBacteriophage phi 6RNA, Double-StrandedRNA VirusesPatents as TopicNucleic AcidsNucleic Acid HybridizationIllusionsDNA ProbesDNAOligonucleotide ProbesTerminology as TopicGermanyRed CrossClassificationBacteriaEditorial PoliciesIndigo CarmineVanillaPaeoniaVaccinia virusVirus ReplicationVirus CultivationReceptors, VirusVirus AssemblyVirus SheddingEnterovirusEnterovirus B, HumanEnterovirus InfectionsCoxsackievirus InfectionsEchovirus InfectionsPoliovirusEnterovirus A, Human
Birnaviridae
A family of bisegmented, double-stranded RNA viruses causing infection in fish, mollusks, fowl, and Drosophila. There are three genera: AQUABIRNAVIRUS; AVIBIRNAVIRUS; and ENTOMOBIRNAVIRUS. Horizontal and vertical transmission occurs for all viruses.
Aquabirnavirus
A genus of RNA viruses in the family BIRNAVIRIDAE infecting fish, mollusks, and crustaceans. It is transmitted both vertically and horizontally with no known vectors. The natural hosts are salmonids and the type species is INFECTIOUS PANCREATIC NECROSIS VIRUS.
Birnaviridae Infections
Virus diseases caused by the BIRNAVIRIDAE.
Infectious bursal disease virus
A species of AVIBIRNAVIRUS causing severe inflammation of the bursa of Fabricius in chickens and other fowl. Transmission is thought to be through contaminated feed or water. Vaccines have been used with varying degrees of success.
Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus
The type species of AQUABIRNAVIRUS, causing infectious pancreatic necrosis in salmonid fish and other freshwater and marine animals including mollusks.
Viral Structural Proteins
Viral proteins that are components of the mature assembled VIRUS PARTICLES. They may include nucleocapsid core proteins (gag proteins), enzymes packaged within the virus particle (pol proteins), and membrane components (env proteins). These do not include the proteins encoded in the VIRAL GENOME that are produced in infected cells but which are not packaged in the mature virus particle,i.e. the so called non-structural proteins (VIRAL NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS).
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
RNA Replicase
An enzyme that catalyses RNA-template-directed extension of the 3'- end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time, and can initiate a chain de novo. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p293)
Encyclopedias as Topic
Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)
Hepatitis, Infectious Canine
A contagious disease caused by canine adenovirus (ADENOVIRUSES, CANINE) infecting the LIVER, the EYE, the KIDNEY, and other organs in dogs, other canids, and bears. Symptoms include FEVER; EDEMA; VOMITING; and DIARRHEA.
Books
Dog Diseases
Diseases of the domestic dog (Canis familiaris). This term does not include diseases of wild dogs, WOLVES; FOXES; and other Canidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.
Culture Media
Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.
Cell Division
The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.
Dogs
The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)
Data Collection
Systematic gathering of data for a particular purpose from various sources, including questionnaires, interviews, observation, existing records, and electronic devices. The process is usually preliminary to statistical analysis of the data.
Cystoviridae
A family of bacteriophages containing one genus (Cystovirus) with one member (BACTERIOPHAGE PHI 6).
Totiviridae
A family of RNA viruses that infect fungi and protozoa. There are three genera: TOTIVIRUS; GIARDIAVIRUS; and LEISHMANIAVIRUS.
Reoviridae
A family of unenveloped RNA viruses with cubic symmetry. The twelve genera include ORTHOREOVIRUS; ORBIVIRUS; COLTIVIRUS; ROTAVIRUS; Aquareovirus, Cypovirus, Phytoreovirus, Fijivirus, Seadornavirus, Idnoreovirus, Mycoreovirus, and Oryzavirus.
Bacteriophage phi 6
Virulent bacteriophage and sole member of the genus Cystovirus that infects Pseudomonas species. The virion has a segmented genome consisting of three pieces of doubled-stranded DNA and also a unique lipid-containing envelope.
RNA, Double-Stranded
RNA consisting of two strands as opposed to the more prevalent single-stranded RNA. Most of the double-stranded segments are formed from transcription of DNA by intramolecular base-pairing of inverted complementary sequences separated by a single-stranded loop. Some double-stranded segments of RNA are normal in all organisms.
RNA Viruses
Viruses whose genetic material is RNA.
Patents as Topic
Exclusive legal rights or privileges applied to inventions, plants, etc.
Nucleic Acids
High molecular weight polymers containing a mixture of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides chained together by ribose or deoxyribose linkages.
Nucleic Acid Hybridization
Widely used technique which exploits the ability of complementary sequences in single-stranded DNAs or RNAs to pair with each other to form a double helix. Hybridization can take place between two complimentary DNA sequences, between a single-stranded DNA and a complementary RNA, or between two RNA sequences. The technique is used to detect and isolate specific sequences, measure homology, or define other characteristics of one or both strands. (Kendrew, Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994, p503)
Illusions
The misinterpretation of a real external, sensory experience.
DNA Probes
Species- or subspecies-specific DNA (including COMPLEMENTARY DNA; conserved genes, whole chromosomes, or whole genomes) used in hybridization studies in order to identify microorganisms, to measure DNA-DNA homologies, to group subspecies, etc. The DNA probe hybridizes with a specific mRNA, if present. Conventional techniques used for testing for the hybridization product include dot blot assays, Southern blot assays, and DNA:RNA hybrid-specific antibody tests. Conventional labels for the DNA probe include the radioisotope labels 32P and 125I and the chemical label biotin. The use of DNA probes provides a specific, sensitive, rapid, and inexpensive replacement for cell culture techniques for diagnosing infections.
DNA
A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).
Oligonucleotide Probes
Synthetic or natural oligonucleotides used in hybridization studies in order to identify and study specific nucleic acid fragments, e.g., DNA segments near or within a specific gene locus or gene. The probe hybridizes with a specific mRNA, if present. Conventional techniques used for testing for the hybridization product include dot blot assays, Southern blot assays, and DNA:RNA hybrid-specific antibody tests. Conventional labels for the probe include the radioisotope labels 32P and 125I and the chemical label biotin.
Terminology as Topic
The terms, expressions, designations, or symbols used in a particular science, discipline, or specialized subject area.
Germany
Red Cross
International collective of humanitarian organizations led by volunteers and guided by its Congressional Charter and the Fundamental Principles of the International Red Cross Movement, to provide relief to victims of disaster and help people prevent, prepare for, and respond to emergencies.
Classification
The systematic arrangement of entities in any field into categories classes based on common characteristics such as properties, morphology, subject matter, etc.
Bacteria
One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.
Editorial Policies
The guidelines and policy statements set forth by the editor(s) or editorial board of a publication.
Indigo Carmine
Indolesulfonic acid used as a dye in renal function testing for the detection of nitrates and chlorates, and in the testing of milk.
Vanilla
A plant genus of the family ORCHIDACEAE that is the source of the familiar flavoring used in foods and medicines (FLAVORING AGENTS).
Paeonia
A plant genus of the family Paeoniaceae, order Dilleniales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida. These perennial herbs are up to 2 m (6') tall. Leaves are alternate and are divided into three lobes, each lobe being further divided into three smaller lobes. The large flowers are symmetrical, bisexual, have 5 sepals, 5 petals (sometimes 10), and many stamens.
Vaccinia virus
The type species of ORTHOPOXVIRUS, related to COWPOX VIRUS, but whose true origin is unknown. It has been used as a live vaccine against SMALLPOX. It is also used as a vector for inserting foreign DNA into animals. Rabbitpox virus is a subspecies of VACCINIA VIRUS.
Virus Replication
The process of intracellular viral multiplication, consisting of the synthesis of PROTEINS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; and sometimes LIPIDS, and their assembly into a new infectious particle.
Virus Cultivation
Process of growing viruses in live animals, plants, or cultured cells.
Receptors, Virus
Specific molecular components of the cell capable of recognizing and interacting with a virus, and which, after binding it, are capable of generating some signal that initiates the chain of events leading to the biological response.
Virus Assembly
The assembly of VIRAL STRUCTURAL PROTEINS and nucleic acid (VIRAL DNA or VIRAL RNA) to form a VIRUS PARTICLE.
Virus Shedding
The expelling of virus particles from the body. Important routes include the respiratory tract, genital tract, and intestinal tract. Virus shedding is an important means of vertical transmission (INFECTIOUS DISEASE TRANSMISSION, VERTICAL).
Enterovirus
A genus of the family PICORNAVIRIDAE whose members preferentially inhabit the intestinal tract of a variety of hosts. The genus contains many species. Newly described members of human enteroviruses are assigned continuous numbers with the species designated "human enterovirus".
Enterovirus B, Human
A species of ENTEROVIRUS infecting humans and containing 36 serotypes. It is comprised of all the echoviruses and a few coxsackieviruses, including all of those previously named coxsackievirus B.
Enterovirus Infections
Coxsackievirus Infections
A heterogeneous group of infections produced by coxsackieviruses, including HERPANGINA, aseptic meningitis (MENINGITIS, ASEPTIC), a common-cold-like syndrome, a non-paralytic poliomyelitis-like syndrome, epidemic pleurodynia (PLEURODYNIA, EPIDEMIC) and a serious MYOCARDITIS.
Echovirus Infections
Infectious disease processes, including meningitis, diarrhea, and respiratory disorders, caused by echoviruses.
Poliovirus
A species of ENTEROVIRUS which is the causal agent of POLIOMYELITIS in humans. Three serotypes (strains) exist. Transmission is by the fecal-oral route, pharyngeal secretions, or mechanical vector (flies). Vaccines with both inactivated and live attenuated virus have proven effective in immunizing against the infection.
Enterovirus A, Human
A species of ENTEROVIRUS infecting humans and containing 10 serotypes, mostly coxsackieviruses.

Gill lamellar pillar cell necrosis, a new birnavirus disease in Japanese eels. (1/29)

Since the late 1980s, a birnaviral gill disease has been occurring in Japanese eels Anguilla japonica reared in warmwater ponds in western regions in Japan. Diseased eels mostly displayed marked formations of aneurysmal hematomas within gill lamellae and high mortalities. Histological examination revealed necrosis of pillar cells and subsequent aggregation of erythrocytes inside the lamellar capillaries, and proliferation of interlamellar epithelia onto the lamellae. Gastric gland cells were also necrotized. Electron microscopy revealed birnavirus infection in lamellar pillar cells. The causative birnavirus was isolated and cultured in fish cell lines and was found to be related to an infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) Sp serotype by neutralization tests. The viral pathogenicity was confirmed by the results of histopathological examinations and infectivity experiments.  (+info)

Characteristics of a new birnavirus associated with a warm-water fish cell line. (2/29)

A warm-water fish cell line developed from blotched snakehead caudal peduncle (BSN) was found to have persistent birnavirus infection. Purified virus particles were of icosahedral shape and had 57+/-1.6 nm diameter. The BSN virus was resistant to 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine and induced yellowish-green cytoplasmic inclusions when stained with acridine orange. The virus was resistant to chloroform, acid and alkaline pH and heat treatment at 56 degrees C for 2 h. Purified virions had a buoyant density of 1.33 g/ml in CsCl and contained two genomic segments with molecular masses of 2.56 x 10(6) and 2.00 x 10(6) Da and four structural polypeptides of 112 (polyprotein, PP), 91 (VP1), 44 (VP2) and 37 (VP3) kDa. Reciprocal beta cross-neutralization tests incorporating four classical strains of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) (WB, Sp, Ab and TV-1) and the BSN virus established the complete serological distinctness of the virus from IPNV. Considering the uniqueness of the virus, the name blotched snakehead virus is proposed for this agent.  (+info)

Isolation of different types of birnavirus from ayu Plecoglossus altivelis and amago salmon Oncorhynchus rhodurus cultured in the same geographic area. (3/29)

A birnavirus was recently isolated from cultured ayu Plecoglossus altivelis on Shikoku island, Japan. The diseased fish displayed vertebral or vertical curvature and mild haemorrhage around the brain. Cytopathic effects (CPE) of the virus, including cell roundness, filamentous change and cell lysis, were observed in CHSE-214, RTG-2 and RSBK-2 cells. The virus isolated from ayu, designated the AY-98 strain, was found to be antigenically related to the marine birnavirus (MABV) Y-6 strain that originated from yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata. AY-98 had a bi-segmented RNA genome and the same nucleotide sequence in the 310 bp VP2/NS junction as MABV Y-6. At the same time that the ayu epizootics occurred, another birnavirus (AM-98) was isolated from amago salmon Oncorhynchus rhodurus which were cultured 66 km away from the ayu farm. AM-98 showed a similar CPE and had the same host cell ranges as AY-98. However, AM-98 was serologically similar to the VR-299 strain of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) and their nucleotide sequences in the VP2/NS junction region showed 98% homology without changes at the amino acid level. In this study, the ayu strain AY-98 was grouped into MABV, whereas the amago salmon strain AM-98 was grouped into IPNV. This indicates that the 2 birnaviruses originated from different sources in spite of the fact that the places where they were isolated are close to one another. The results in this paper show a new aspect of the traditional consensus that the same serogroup of birnavirus distribute in close geographic areas.  (+info)

Active residues and viral substrate cleavage sites of the protease of the birnavirus infectious pancreatic necrosis virus. (4/29)

The polyprotein of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV), a birnavirus, is processed by the viral protease VP4 (also named NS) to generate three polypeptides: pVP2, VP4, and VP3. Site-directed mutagenesis at 42 positions of the IPNV VP4 protein was performed to determine the active site and the important residues for the protease activity. Two residues (serine 633 and lysine 674) were critical for cleavage activity at both the pVP2-VP4 and the VP4-VP3 junctions. Wild-type activity at the pVP2-VP4 junction and a partial block (with an alteration of the cleavage specificity) at the VP4-VP3 junction were observed when replacement occurred at histidines 547 and 679. A similar observation was made when aspartic acid 693 was replaced by leucine, but wild-type activity and specificity were found when substituted by glutamine or asparagine. Sequence comparison between IPNV and two birnavirus (infectious bursal disease virus and Drosophila X virus) VP4s revealed that serine 633 and lysine 674 are conserved in these viruses, in contrast to histidines 547 and 679. The importance of serine 633 and lysine 674 is reminiscent of the protease active site of bacterial leader peptidases and their mitochondrial homologs and of the bacterial LexA-like proteases. Self-cleavage sites of IPNV VP4 were determined at the pVP2-VP4 and VP4-VP3 junctions by N-terminal sequencing and mutagenesis. Two alternative cleavage sites were also identified in the carboxyl domain of pVP2 by cumulative mutagenesis. The results suggest that VP4 cleaves the (Ser/Thr)-X-Ala / (Ser/Ala)-Gly motif, a target sequence with similarities to bacterial leader peptidases and herpesvirus protease cleavage sites.  (+info)

Expression of YAV proteins and vaccination against viral ascites among cultured juvenile yellowtail. (5/29)

Yellowtail ascites virus (YAV) is a member of the family Birnaviridae and causes viral ascites among juvenile yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata). We have reported the cloning and expression of two viral cDNAs, the first being segment A encoding a polyprotein of viral capsid proteins (VP2 and VP3) and a protease (NS), and the second being VP2-epitope encoding serotype-specific epitope region on VP2, using a baculovirus expression system. Another viral cDNA encoding a polyprotein of NS and VP3 was cloned and expressed in this study. For the expression of NS/VP3 (YAV nt 1626 to 3066) in insect cells a 31-kDa protein, corresponding to VP3 was detected, indicating an appropriate posttranslational processing of NS/VP3 polypeptide by NS protease itself. The analysis of the N-terminal amino acid sequence of this protein showed that NS protease may cleave an Ala-Ser bond. A study of the potential for vaccination of yellowtail fry by injection of insect cell lysates infected with baculovirus, containing either cDNA of segment A, VP2-epitope, or NS/VP3 was undertaken. Only a vaccination with cell lysates infected with a recombinant virus carrying the full length of YAV segment A gene demonstrated approximately the same effect as that of inactivated YAV. This result suggested that all proteins VP2, VP3, and NS are required for an effective vaccination.  (+info)

First isolation of an aquatic birnavirus from farmed and wild fish species in Australia. (6/29)

During routine sampling and testing, as part of a systematic surveillance program (the Tasmanian Salmonid Health Surveillance Program), an aquatic birnavirus was isolated from 'pin-head' (fish exhibiting deficient acclimatisation on transfer to saltwater) Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, approximately 18 mo old, farmed in net-pens located in Macquarie Harbour on the west coast of Tasmania, Australia. The isolate grows readily in a range of fish cell lines including CHSE-214, RTG-2 and BF-2 and is neutralised by a pan-specific rabbit antiserum raised against infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) Ab strain and by a commercial pan-specific IPNV-neutralising monoclonal antibody. Presence of the virus was not associated with gross clinical signs. Histopathological examination revealed a range of lesions particularly in pancreatic tissue. The virus was localised in pancreas sections by immunoperoxidase staining using the polyclonal antiserum and by electron microscopy. Examination by electron microscopy demonstrated that the virus isolated in cell culture (1) belongs to the family Birnaviridae, genus Aquabirnaviridae; (2) was ultrastructurally and antigenically similar to virus identified in the index fish; (3) is related to IPNV. Western blot analysis using the polyclonal rabbit antiserum confirmed the cross-reactions between various aquatic birnavirus isolates. In addition, PCR analysis of isolated viral nucleic acid from the index case indicated that the virus is more closely related to IPNV fr21 and N1 isolates than to other birnavirus isolates available for comparison. Sampling of other fish species within Macquarie Harbour has demonstrated that the virus is present in several other species of fish including farmed rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, wild flounder Rhombosolea tapirina, cod Pseudophycis sp., spiked dogfish Squalus megalops and ling Genypterus blacodes.  (+info)

Genome sequence of a VP2/NS junction region of pillar cell necrosis virus (PCNV) in cultured Japanese eel Anguilla japonica. (7/29)

Pillar cell necrosis virus (PCNV) is an aquatic birnavirus that was isolated from farmed Japanese eel experiencing mass mortality. In this study, a VP2/NS junction region in genome segment A of PCNV was amplified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and sequenced. The VP2/NS region in PCNV had the highest homology with that of a strain Ab of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV). This result revealed that PCNV belongs to birnavirus genogroup II.  (+info)

Blotched snakehead virus is a new aquatic birnavirus that is slightly more related to avibirnavirus than to aquabirnavirus. (8/29)

By different approaches, we characterized the birnavirus blotched snakehead virus (BSNV). The sequence of genomic segment A revealed the presence of two open reading frames (ORFs): a large ORF with a 3,207-bp-long nucleotide sequence and a 417-nucleotide-long small ORF located within the N-terminal half of the large ORF, but in a different reading frame. The large ORF was found to encode a polyprotein cotranslationally processed by the viral protease VP4 to generate pVP2 (the VP2 precursor), a 71-amino-acid-long peptide ([X]), VP4, and VP3. The two cleavage sites at the [X]-VP4 and VP4-VP3 junctions were identified by N-terminal sequencing. We showed that the processing of pVP2 generated VP2 and several small peptides (amino acids [aa] 418 to 460, 461 to 467, 468 to 474, and 475 to 486). Two of these peptides (aa 418 to 460 and 475 to 486) were positively identified in the viral particles with 10 additional peptides derived from further processing of the peptide aa 418 to 460. The results suggest that VP4 cleaves multiple Pro-X-Ala downward arrow Ala motifs, with the notable exception of the VP4-VP3 junction. Replacement of the members of the predicted VP4 catalytic dyad (Ser-692 and Lys-729) confirmed their indispensability in the polyprotein processing. The genomic segment B sequence revealed a single large ORF encoding a putative polymerase, VP1. Our results demonstrate that BSNV should be considered a new aquatic birnavirus species, slightly more related to IBDV than to IPNV.  (+info)

Birnaviridae - WikipediaBirnaviridae - Wikipedia
The Birnaviridae genome encodes several proteins: Birnaviridae RNA-directed RNA polymerase (VP1), which lacks the highly conserved Gly-Asp-Asp (GDD) sequence, a component of the proposed catalytic site of this enzyme family that exists in the conserved motif VI of the palm domain of other RNA-directed RNA polymerases.[3] The large RNA segment, segment A, of birnaviruses codes for a polyprotein (N-VP2-VP4-VP3-C) [4] that is processed into the major structural proteins of the virion: VP2, VP3 (a minor structural component of the virus), and into the putative protease VP4.[4] VP4 protein is involved in generating VP2 and VP3.[4] recombinant VP3 is more immunogenic than recombinant VP2.[5] Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV), a birnavirus, is an important pathogen in fish farms. Analyses of viral proteins showed that VP2 is the major structural and immunogenic polypeptide of the virus.[6][7] All neutralizing monoclonal antibodies are specific to VP2 and bind to continuous or discontinuous ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birnaviridae
Blosnavirus - WikipediaBlosnavirus - Wikipedia
Blosnavirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Birnaviridae. Blotched snakehead fish serve as natural hosts. There is currently only one species in this genus: the type species Blotched snakehead virus. Group: dsRNA Order: Unassigned Family: Birnaviridae Genus: Blosnavirus Blotched snakehead virus Viruses in Blosnavirus are non-enveloped, with icosahedral and Single-shelled geometries, and T=13 symmetry. The diameter is around 70 nm. Genomes are linear and have 2 segments, around 2.7-3.4kb in length. The genome codes for 6 proteins. Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the double-stranded RNA virus replication model. Double-stranded rna virus transcription is the method of transcription. Blotched snakehead fish serve as the natural host. Viral Zone. ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015. ICTV. Virus Taxonomy: 2014 Release. Retrieved 15 June 2015. Viralzone: Blosnavirus ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blosnavirus
Structural polyprotein - Drosophila x virus (isolate Chung/1996) (DXV)Structural polyprotein - Drosophila x virus (isolate Chung/1996) (DXV)
Capsid protein VP2 self assembles to form an icosahedral capsid with a T=13 symmetry, about 70 nm in diameter, and consisting of 260 VP2 trimers. The capsid encapsulates the genomic dsRNA. VP2 is also involved in attachment and entry into the host cell (By similarity).
https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q96724
Would Someone Please Release a MacOS X Virus! - SlashdotWould Someone Please Release a MacOS X Virus! - Slashdot
Would Someone Please Just Release a Mac OS X Virus Already? For eight plus years weve been told that Mac OS X is just as easy to subvert in the real world as Windows. For eight plus years, Ive waited for the predicted malware tsunami to hit the Mac. Yet, its never happened and the suspense is kil...
https://developers.slashdot.org/submission/1166986/would-someone-please-release-a-macos-x-virus
BIRNAVIRUS VP4 PRO (PS51548) | InterPro | EMBL-EBIBIRNAVIRUS VP4 PRO (PS51548) | InterPro | EMBL-EBI
InterPro provides functional analysis of proteins by classifying them into families and predicting domains and important sites. We combine protein signatures from a number of member databases into a single searchable resource, capitalising on their individual strengths to produce a powerful integrated database and diagnostic tool.
http://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/ISignatureOverview?sig=PS51548&query=M
Non-selective Ionotropic GlutamateNon-selective Ionotropic Glutamate
B) Degrees of endogenous SAMHD1 within SIVmac239 or mock contaminated cell extracts from 3 x 105 cells were dependant on immunoblotting subsequent polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using anti-SAMHD1 antibody. GUID:?F5E9E6CD-C5F4-4192-8CB1-68B7718C1D37 S3 Fig: Alignment of Vpx amino acid sequences amplified in the K42 and JA4X virus swarm stocks and shares. SGA plus sequencing was utilized to create ...
http://www.bibf1120.com/category/non-selective-ionotropic-glutamate/
Munin: IPNV with high and low virulence: host immune responses and viral mutations during infectionMunin: IPNV with high and low virulence: host immune responses and viral mutations during infection
Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) is an aquatic member of the Birnaviridae family that causes widespread disease in salmonids. IPNV is represented by multiple strains with markedly different virulence. Comparison of isolates reveals hyper variable regions (HVR), which are presumably associated with pathogenicity. However little is known about the rates and modes of sequence divergence and molecular mechanisms that determine virulence. Also how the host response may influence IPNV virulence is poorly described. In this study we compared two field isolates of IPNV (NFH-Ar and NFH-El). The sequence changes, replication and mortality were assessed following experimental challenge of Atlantic salmon. Gene expression analyses with qPCR and microarray were applied to examine the immune responses in head kidney. Significant differences in mortality were observed between the two isolates, and viral load in the pancreas at 13 days post infection (d p.i.) was more than 4 orders of magnitude ...
https://munin.uit.no/handle/10037/4017
INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE (GUMBORO) - Diseases of Poultry - The Poultry Site | The Poultry SiteINFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE (GUMBORO) - Diseases of Poultry - The Poultry Site | The Poultry Site
218.The IBD virus belongs to the Birnaviridae family of RNA viruses. Two serotypes are known to exist, but only serotype 1 is pathogenic. The virus is highly resistant to most disinfectants and environmental onditions. In contaminated premises, it could persist for months and in water, forage and faeces for weeks. The incubation period is short and the first symptoms appear 2-3 days after infection. The lesions in the bursa of Fabricius are progressive. In the beginning, the bursa is enlarged, oedematous and covered with a gelatinous transudate.. ...
https://www.thepoultrysite.com/publications/diseases-of-poultry/193/infectious-bursal-disease-gumboro
The Killer Snakehead Fish: Facts and Information Regarding this Mysterious Creature - Bright HubThe Killer Snakehead Fish: Facts and Information Regarding this Mysterious Creature - Bright Hub
The killer snakehead fish is a dangerous aquatic invasive specie in the United States. Learn interesting and important killer snakehead fish facts in this overview. This article includes information on physical appearance, habitat, behavior and ecological impacts of this unique fish.
https://www.brighthub.com/environment/science-environmental/articles/109155/
Gene Mueller: Snakehead study shocking - Washington TimesGene Mueller: Snakehead study shocking - Washington Times
A funny thing happened during an electroshock study of northern snakehead fish that live in the upper tidal Potomac River and its tributaries. It turned out that the largemouth bass outnumbered the dreaded Chinese invaders by at least 100 to 1.
https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2009/may/24/snakehead-study-shocking/
Fringe Summer Rewatch: #111 BoundFringe Summer Rewatch: #111 Bound
Ella gave Olivia the 8 ball which shows up again in 3.12 Concentrate and ask again. 8 is also Olivias number. Sam knew shes size 8, it shows up throughout S2. In Earthling there is a door number 8 right by her head, In Snakehead when they leave Matts house, the number is 4488, in Jacksonville the building number is 2280, in White Tulip Walter holds two molds together which form an 8 as Olivia sits there with him, in 6B the number on the police car was 4738. I played around with it came up with this: 4 +7= 11, 3+8= 11, 8-3= 5, 7-4= 3, 5+3= 8 which is Olivias number. 8 also stands for infinity. 11+11=22 which is the strongest number. 22 shows up in 3.15 Subject 13. Olivia sits at the table when she sees Peter for the first time and 22 is right behind her ...
http://www.fringetelevision.com/2011/07/fringe-summer-rewatch-111-bound.html
Showing results for tags medial segment (b7). - embodi3D.comShowing results for tags medial segment (b7). - embodi3D.com
REAL, right upper lobe, apical segment (B1), posterior segment (B2), anterior segment (B3), right middle lobe (or more correctly - just middle lobe), lateral segment (B4), medial segment (B5), right lower lobe superior segment (B6), medial segment (B7), anterior segment (B8), lateral segment (B9), posterior segment , left upper lobe, apicoposterior segment (B1/2), anterior segment (B3), superior lingular segment (B4), inferior lingular segment (B5), left lower lobe, superior segment (B6), anteromedial segment (B8), lateral segment (B9), posterior segment (B10), 3d, model, .stl, printable ...
https://www.embodi3d.com/tags/medial%20segment%C2%A0
Evidence of genomic variations between infectious pancreatic necrosis virus strains determined by restriction fragment profiles...Evidence of genomic variations between infectious pancreatic necrosis virus strains determined by restriction fragment profiles...
Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) is the aetiological agent of an important disease in hatchery-reared salmonid fish in North America, Europe and Japan. It belongs to the family Birnaviridae and shows a high degree of antigenic heterogeneity. However, genomic variations between the 10 identified serotypes have not yet been studied. In order to correlate genomic heterogeneity with the different serotypes, oligonucleotides were synthesized according to the published sequence of the Jasper strain (serotype A9). They were used as primers for the amplification of a 359 bp cDNA fragment of the viral genome using the polymerase chain reaction. Fragments amplified from 37 strains were digested with five different restriction enzymes. Restriction fragment profiles obtained on agarose gels showed heterogeneity not only between strains of different serotypes, but also among those belonging to serotype A1. A cluster analysis of the restriction patterns showed that IPNV strains can be divided into three
https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-73-11-2863
Active Residues and Viral Substrate Cleavage Sites of the Protease of the Birnavirus Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus |...Active Residues and Viral Substrate Cleavage Sites of the Protease of the Birnavirus Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus |...
Cleavage sites.Two IPNV VP4 cleavage sites, located at the pVP2-VP4 and VP4-VP3 junctions, were identified by N-terminal sequence analysis of cleavage products produced in E. coli and probed by site-directed mutagenesis. They are characterized by the Ser-X-Ala↓Ser-Gly motif. Two other additional cleavage sites in the carboxyl part of pVP2 (P1 and P′1 positions 486 and 487 and positions 495 and 496) were first identified by sequence comparison (Fig. 10). The P1 and the P′2 residues appeared to be conserved as an alanine and a glycine, respectively. The P3 serine residue can substitute to a threonine (cleavage site positions 486 and 487), whereas the P′1 serine residue was notably substituted to an alanine. The cleavage between pVP2 and VP4 was abolished only when the Ala-Ser 508-509 and the two Ala-Ala 495-496 and 486-487 pairs were mutated together. These observations do not prove definitively the existence (and the functionality) of these two additional cleavage sites. However, these ...
https://jvi.asm.org/content/74/5/2057
Article | Characteristics of a new reovirus isolated from epizootic ulcerative syndrome infected snakehead fish | University of...Article | Characteristics of a new reovirus isolated from epizootic ulcerative syndrome infected snakehead fish | University of...
Article: John KR, George MR, Richards R & Frerichs GN (2001) Characteristics of a new reovirus isolated from epizootic ulcerative syndrome infected snakehead fish. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 46 (2), pp. 83-92. https://doi.org/10.3354/dao046083
https://www.stir.ac.uk/research/hub/publication/655251
Stability of snakehead (Ophiocephalus striatus) rhabdovirus under different environmental conditions - GOV.UKStability of snakehead (Ophiocephalus striatus) rhabdovirus under different environmental conditions - GOV.UK
Snakehead rhabdovirus stored in cell culture medium was found to be relatively temperature resistant with ≥ 99.9% reduction in infectivity only occurring after 6 months at 15°C, 6 weeks at 25°C and 10 days at 35°C. At 25°C, virus stability was greatest in the range pH 5-7. Infectivity was less well retained at pH9 and rapidly lost at pH3 and pH11. Stability was poor in serum-free media with a 99.9% reduction in infectivity occurring in less than 48 hours at 25°C in de-ionized water, tap water, balanced salt solutions and artificial seawater. ...
https://www.gov.uk/dfid-research-outputs/stability-of-snakehead-ophiocephalus-striatus-rhabdovirus-under-different-environmental-conditions
PROPAGATION OF INFECTIOUS PANCREATIC NECROSIS VIRUS IN FISH CELL CULTURESPROPAGATION OF INFECTIOUS PANCREATIC NECROSIS VIRUS IN FISH CELL CULTURES
PROPAGATION OF INFECTIOUS PANCREATIC NECROSIS VIRUS IN FISH CELL CULTURES. M. Maistrenko1, Yu. Rud2, L. Buchatsky1,2. This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.. 1Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University, 60, Volodymyrska str., 01033, Kyiv, Ukraine. 2Institute of Fisheries of NAAS, 135, Obukhivska str., 03164, Kyiv, Ukraine. The reproduction of the Ukrainian isolate of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) «Carpathians» in fish continuous cell cultures of RTG-2, FHM and EPC was investigated. All three cell lines were sensitive to virus. IPNV caused morphological changes, such as vacuole enlargements and cells rounding. Subsequently cells scaled from a surface and characteristic cytopathic effect (CPE) of virus on cells was visible. For cell lines of RTG-2 and FHM the complete destruction of monolayer was noted on 7-8 day after infection (d.a.i.). For culture of EPC characteristic CPE and complete destruction of cell monolayer were marked ...
http://english.aminbiol.com.ua/index.php/archive1/96-bt-16-4-2014/242-propagation-of-infectious-pancreatic-necrosis-virus-in-fish-cell-cultures
VP5 and the N terminus of VP2 are not responsible for the different pathotype of serotype I and II infectious bursal disease...VP5 and the N terminus of VP2 are not responsible for the different pathotype of serotype I and II infectious bursal disease...
Two serotypes have been identified in infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), a member of the family Birnaviridae. A reverse genetics system was used for generation of chimeras in genome segment A of the two serotypes, in which the complete viral VP5 gene and 3′ noncoding region (NCR), or parts thereof, were exchanged. The engineered viruses were characterized in vitro and in vivo in comparison to serotype I and II IBDV. Our results show that IBDV chimeras exhibit a different phenotype in cell culture compared to the wild-type viruses. In in vitro-cultivated bursal-derived cells, chimeric viruses infected B lymphocytes, as does serotype I IBDV. Surprisingly, serotype II virus was also able to infect in vitro-cultivated bursal cells, but these were neither B lymphocytes nor macrophages. After infection of susceptible chickens all chimeras replicated in the bursa of Fabricius (BF), and three chimeric viruses caused mild depletion of bursal cells. In contrast, after infection of chickens with a chimeric
https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-82-1-159
dsRNA viruses - Reoviridae - Reoviridae study group - Cystoviridae - Birnaviridae - Totiviridae: Home PagedsRNA viruses - Reoviridae - Reoviridae study group - Cystoviridae - Birnaviridae - Totiviridae: Home Page
These pages were created in support of the dsRNA Virus Symposia. The editors also wish to acknowledge continuing support from BBSRC, DEFRA and the Commission of the European Community. ...
http://www.reoviridae.org/dsRNA_virus_proteins/
Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus | EVAgInfectious pancreatic necrosis virus | EVAg
Simply ask us ! One of the most interesting features of EVAgs catalogue is its flexibility, please do not hesitate to contact us by using our contact form. We can add to the catalogue tailor-made products on demand, as well as access to plateforms, or services. With the large panel of virology laboratories in our consortium, there are good chances that we would have what you are looking for. If you are interested in acquiring cell-lines, please visit this page: access-cell-lines.. If you are interested in acquiring insect vectors, please visit this page: access-insect-vectors.. ...
https://www.european-virus-archive.com/evag-portal/ictv-taxonomy/infectious-pancreatic-necrosis-virus
Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus | EVAgInfectious pancreatic necrosis virus | EVAg
EVAg is a non profit organisation with expertise in virology to amplify, characterise, standardise, authenticate, distribute and track viruses and derived products.
https://www.european-virus-archive.com/taxonomy/term/23356/field_product_reference%253Afield_product_grading/Cat1
SearchSearch
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is a birnavirus that infects the B-cells in the bursa of Fabricius of young chickens, causing Gumboro disease. The IBDV 114 kDa polyprotein (NH2-pVP2-VP4-VP3-COOH) is thought to be ...
https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/xmlui/handle/10413/6772/discover?filtertype_0=has_content_in_original_bundle&filtertype_1=dateIssued&filter_relational_operator_1=equals&filter_relational_operator_0=equals&filter_1=%5B2010+TO+2020%5D&filter_0=true&filtertype=dateIssued&filter_relational_operator=equals&filter=2011
Sakura Haruka | Singapore Parenting and Lifestyle Blog * *: Snakehead Fish for Wound-HealingSakura Haruka | Singapore Parenting and Lifestyle Blog * *: Snakehead Fish for Wound-Healing
Snakehead fish helps to promote wound-healing after injury and surgery. Get it easily in bottled Fish Essence extracts from Chinese medicine shops & NTUC.
http://www.sakuraharuka.com/2015/01/snakehead-fish-for-wound-healing.html?showComment=1421491064526
Yav Kshar Uses | Health News 24X7Yav Kshar Uses | Health News 24X7
Many of you are suffering from urinary tract infections and using medicines as per their conditions. Is using medicine can cure this disease? Medicine can give only one thing and that is instant relief more […]. ...
http://healthnews24x7.net/tag/yav-kshar-uses/
Archiwa: segment B - autofakty.plArchiwa: segment B - autofakty.pl
This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience ...
https://autofakty.pl/tag/segment-b/
Invasive Species - Northern SnakeheadInvasive Species - Northern Snakehead
Invasive Species - (Channa argus) Watch List - Prohibited in Michigan Northern Snakeheads can reach up to 33 inches in length. They have a tan color with dark brown mottling, an extended anal fin, a pelvic fin up near the gills and pectoral fins. They have sharp teeth like a pike or pickerel.
http://www.michigan.gov/invasives/0,5664,7-324-68002_74282-367866--,00.html
Hemapolin | CAS: 4267-80-5Hemapolin | CAS: 4267-80-5
Methylepitiostanol yog ib qho khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab anemolic steroid (AAS) uas yog thawj zaug tau piav nyob rau hauv phau ntawv 1974 .Nws yog 17a-methylated derivative ntawm epitiostanol, AAS thiab antiestrogen yav tas los siv rau kev kho mob cancer mis hauv Nyij Pooj, thiab zoo sib xws rau mepitiostane (epitiostanol 17-methyloxycyclopentyl ether), yog ib qho ntawm cov lus hais ntawm epitiostanol.
http://mww.ok-biotech.com/hemapolin-4267-80-5s
Telescopic pillarsTelescopic pillars
SKF actuation systems offer a wide range of telescopic pillars. Quiet, robust, powerful or with an attractive design, the SKF telescopic pillars can satisfy your most demanding requirements ...
http://www.skf.com/pk/products/actuation-systems/telescopic-pillars/index.html
Remix64 - Noisy Pillars (I Should Have Told You mix, c64 Remix by Mordi)Remix64 - Noisy Pillars (I Should Have Told You mix, c64 Remix by Mordi)
Noisy Pillars (I Should Have Told You mix) - c64 remix by Mordi. Original by Jeroen Tel. Released |span itemprop=datePublished content=1223804494|12/10/2008|/span|. Lyrics: Running just as far as you can.Beating on my heart.Its all he wants, so.Running just as far as you can. I dont want to wanna no more.I cant take, take no more.(x2). I should have told you.You make the difference.I should have told you.You ...
http://www.remix64.com/track/mordi/noisy-pillars-i-should-have-told-you-mix/
Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation | Virulence characteristics of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) in brook trout,...Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation | Virulence characteristics of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) in brook trout,...
Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is an acute, contagious disease of trout fry and fingerlings caused by viruses of the family birnaviridae. IPN disease usually results in mortality that is inversely proportional to the age of the fish. While many studies have been carried out to increase our understanding of IPN, little is known about its virulence characteristics for some subtypes common to the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Knowledge of relationships between IPN virus subtypes, epitope patterns and virulence patterns could be useful for developing a successful IPNV vaccine. This study investigated virulence characteristics of IPN viruses in brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, fry, using fish mortality, virus titer in fish tissue, and the presence of clinical signs of IPN as indicators of virulence. The relationship between virulence and different IPN virus subtypes, and specific epitopes, or monoclonal antibody binding sites, was also addressed. An additional study focused ...
https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/graduate_thesis_or_dissertations/41687k514
Modulation of macrophages by infectious bursal disease virus<...Modulation of macrophages by infectious bursal disease virus<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Modulation of macrophages by infectious bursal disease virus. AU - Khatri, M.. AU - Sharma, J. M.. PY - 2007/7/1. Y1 - 2007/7/1. N2 - Infectious bursal disease is one of the most important naturally occurring viral diseases of chickens worldwide. The causative agent, infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), belongs to the family Birnaviridae. This viruscauses an acute, highly contagious and immunosuppressive disease in chickens. The virus infects and destroys actively dividing IgM-bearing B cells. Although B cells are the principal targets for IBDV, recent data show that the virus also infects macrophages. IBDV-infected macrophages produce various cytokines and chemokines which may play an important role in the protection and/or pathogenesis of IBDV. In this review, the modulatory effects of IBDV on macrophages will be discussed.. AB - Infectious bursal disease is one of the most important naturally occurring viral diseases of chickens worldwide. The causative agent, infectious ...
https://asu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/modulation-of-macrophages-by-infectious-bursal-disease-virus
Antigenicity of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus VP2 subviral particles expressed in yeast<...Antigenicity of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus VP2 subviral particles expressed in yeast<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Antigenicity of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus VP2 subviral particles expressed in yeast. AU - Allnutt, F. C.Thomas. AU - Bowers, Robert M.. AU - Rowe, Christopher G.. AU - Vakharia, Vikram N.. AU - LaPatra, Scott E.. AU - Dhar, Arun K.. PY - 2007/6/21. Y1 - 2007/6/21. N2 - Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) virus, the etiologic agent of infectious pancreatic necrosis in salmonid fish, causes significant losses to the aquaculture industry. The gene for the viral capsid protein (VP2) was cloned into a yeast expression vector and expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisae. Expression of the capsid gene in yeast resulted in formation of ∼20 nm subviral particles composed solely of VP2 protein. Anti-IPNV antibodies were detected in rainbow trout vaccinated either by injection of purified VP2-subviral particles (rVP2-SVP) or by feeding recombinant yeast expressing rVP2-SVP. Challenge of rVP2-SVP immunized trout with a heterologous IPNV strain and subsequent viral load ...
https://arizona.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/antigenicity-of-infectious-pancreatic-necrosis-virus-vp2-subviral
Little evidence for demasculinization of the Drosophila X chromosome among genes expressed in the male germline - Fingerprint ...Little evidence for demasculinization of the Drosophila X chromosome among genes expressed in the male germline - Fingerprint ...
Dive into the research topics of Little evidence for demasculinization of the Drosophila X chromosome among genes expressed in the male germline. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...
https://experts.nebraska.edu/en/publications/little-evidence-for-demasculinization-of-the-drosophila-x-chromos/fingerprints/
Browsing Doctoral Degrees (Biochemistry) by TitleBrowsing Doctoral Degrees (Biochemistry) by Title
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is a birnavirus that infects the B-cells in the bursa of Fabricius of young chickens, causing Gumboro disease. The IBDV 114 kDa polyprotein (NH2-pVP2-VP4-VP3-COOH) is thought to be ...
https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/xmlui/handle/10413/8003/browse?rpp=20&sort_by=1&type=title&etal=-1&starts_with=0&order=ASC
Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation | Molecular characterization and genetic recombination of snakehead rhabdovirus | ID: mg74qp645...Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation | Molecular characterization and genetic recombination of snakehead rhabdovirus | ID: mg74qp645...
The complete genome of snakehead rhabdovirus (SHRV) was cloned and molecularly characterized. This was initially accomplished through the sequence determination of its glycoprotein gene and the phylogenetic analysis of this gene with orthologous genes from other rhabdoviruses. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that SHRV groups with viruses of the genus Novirhabdovirus. The full-length glycoprotein was expressed in mammalian cells to investigate its potential use in the production of pseudotyped retroviruses. The sequence of the entire SHRV genome of 11.6 kb was determined, and all encoded proteins, intergenic transcriptional control motifs, and the leader and trailer regions were identified. The genome was found to encode six proteins including a nucleoprotein, a phosphoprotein, a matrix protein, a glycoprotein, a small--presumably non-virion--protein, and a polymerase protein. The presence of a non-virion protein, which is the hallmark feature of all Novirhabdoviruses, supported SHRVs ...
https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/graduate_thesis_or_dissertations/mg74qp645
Selective myocardial cell necrosis | Article about selective myocardial cell necrosis by The Free DictionarySelective myocardial cell necrosis | Article about selective myocardial cell necrosis by The Free Dictionary
Looking for selective myocardial cell necrosis? Find out information about selective myocardial cell necrosis. 1. the death of one or more cells in the body, usually within a localized area, as from an interruption of the blood supply to that part 2. death of plant... Explanation of selective myocardial cell necrosis
https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/selective+myocardial+cell+necrosis
vlc-devel] [PATCH] MKV: we can read a Cluster with unknown size and more check finite size checking before testing too big sizesvlc-devel] [PATCH] MKV: we can read a Cluster with unknown size and more check finite size checking before testing too big sizes
Does not work either. Also, your mailer destroys your patches. Le 20/02/2015 19:37, Steve Lhomme a écrit : , Heres one over the current master. Ill submit the other one after this , one is in, as it depends on it. , , --- , modules/demux/mkv/demux.cpp , 2 +- , modules/demux/mkv/matroska_segment.cpp , 12 ++++++------ , modules/demux/mkv/matroska_segment_parse.cpp , 14 +++++++------- , 3 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-) , , diff --git a/modules/demux/mkv/demux.cpp b/modules/demux/mkv/demux.cpp , index 1feca55..21618f4 100644 , --- a/modules/demux/mkv/demux.cpp , +++ b/modules/demux/mkv/demux.cpp , @@ -519,7 +519,7 @@ matroska_stream_c , *demux_sys_t::AnalyseAllSegmentsFound( demux_t *p_demux, EbmlS , // find the families of this segment , KaxInfo *p_info = static_cast,KaxInfo*,(p_l1); , b_keep_segment = b_initial; , - if( unlikely( p_info-,GetSize() ,= SIZE_MAX ) ) , + if( unlikely( p_info-,IsFiniteSize() && , p_info-,GetSize() ,= SIZE_MAX ) ) , { , msg_Err( p_demux, KaxInfo ...
https://mailman.videolan.org/pipermail/vlc-devel/2015-February/101471.html
4 Pillar/Column Hydraulic Press Machine Made in China - China 4 Pillar Hydraulic Press, Hydraulic Straightening Press4 Pillar/Column Hydraulic Press Machine Made in China - China 4 Pillar Hydraulic Press, Hydraulic Straightening Press
4 Pillar/Column Hydraulic Press Machine Made in China, Find details about China 4 Pillar Hydraulic Press, Hydraulic Straightening Press from 4 Pillar/Column Hydraulic Press Machine Made in China - Sichuan Vonreal Trading Co., Ltd.
http://vonreal.en.made-in-china.com/product/cCNQWPHZCfhx/China-4-Pillar-Column-Hydraulic-Press-Machine-Made-in-China.html
Huawei Pillar Charger|Pillar Charger|Buy & Save @ AccessoryGeeks.comHuawei Pillar Charger|Pillar Charger|Buy & Save @ AccessoryGeeks.com
Purchase a Huawei Pillar car charger to have the security of knowing if your phone is ever low on batteries, you have a charger in your car. The Huawei Pillar charger is the trusted original brand!
https://www.accessorygeeks.com/huawei-pillar-chargers.html
Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis virus (IPNV) | The Fish SiteInfectious Pancreatic Necrosis virus (IPNV) | The Fish Site
Thinking about what has changed since the 1980s when although IPNV could be found in fish the actual disease condition was very rare. Over the last 2 decades considerable advances have been made in feed and feeding strategies, photoperiod manipulation and light exposure per se for salmon fry have produced smolting fish at different times of the year and much faster (I hesitate to say better) growth. In land-based freshwater rearing systems with the introduction of oxygen injection the stocking density has increased significantly in a number of farms; along with baseline carbon dioxide levels. So it could be argued that salmon in the 21st century are more highly stressed than their counterpart from the 20th Century. A bit like finely tuned athletes walking a fine line between health and disease susceptibility. Elite human athletes often fall prey to opportunistic and exotic pathogens such as colds and Epstein-Barr virus, the cause of Infectious mononucleosis or alternatively known as the ...
https://thefishsite.com/articles/infectious-pancreatic-necrosis-virus-ipnv
A protein with simultaneous capsid scaffolding and dsRNA-binding activities enhances the birnavirus capsid mechanical stability...A protein with simultaneous capsid scaffolding and dsRNA-binding activities enhances the birnavirus capsid mechanical stability...
Viral capsids are metastable structures that perform many essential processes; they also act as robust cages during the extracellular phase. Viruses can use multifunctional proteins to optimize resources (e.g., VP3 in avian infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV). The IBDV genome is organized as ribonucleoproteins (RNP) of dsRNA with VP3, which also acts as a scaffold during capsid assembly. We characterized mechanical properties of IBDV populations with different RNP content (ranging from none to four RNP). The IBDV population with the greatest RNP number (and best fitness) showed greatest capsid rigidity. When bound to dsRNA, VP3 reinforces virus stiffness. These contacts involve interactions with capsid structural subunits that differ from the initial interactions during capsid assembly. Our results suggest that RNP dimers are the basic stabilization units of the virion, provide better understanding of multifunctional proteins, and highlight the duality of RNP as capsid-stabilizing and genetic ...
https://www.scienceexchange.com/publications/11400
The Passionate Foodie: SENA14: Baja Seas: A New Yellowtail Aquaculture ProjectThe Passionate Foodie: SENA14: Baja Seas: A New Yellowtail Aquaculture Project
According to Seafood Watch, nearly all wild caught Yellowtail, primarily in U.S. waters, is a Good Alternative while farmed Yellowtail from Japan and Australia is an Avoid. As about 75% of all Yellowtail is farmed, that can be a significant issue. One of the most serious complaints about the farmed Yellowtail is the high FIFO ratio. On the other hand, Kampachi, another type of Yellowtail, is farmed in the waters of Hawaii and is considered by many to be a more sustainable choice. There is now a new producer in the waters, seeking to create a sustainable Yellowtail farm in the pristine ocean off the coast of Baja, in Mexico ...
http://passionatefoodie.blogspot.com/2014/03/sena14-baja-seas-new-yellowtail.html
GigaDB Dataset - DOI 10.5524/100279 - Supporting data for the draft genome of the Northern snakehead, Channa argus.GigaDB Dataset - DOI 10.5524/100279 - Supporting data for the draft genome of the Northern snakehead, Channa argus.
The Northern snakehead (Channa argus), a member of Channidae family in Perciformes, is an economically important freshwater fish with its main distributions in Asian and African countries. In North America, it has become notorious as an intentionally released invasive species. Its ability to breathe air with gills and migrate short distances over land makes it a good model for bimodal breath research. Therefore, recent researches have been focused on the identification of relevant candidate genes. Here, we performed whole genome sequencing of C. argus to construct its draft genome, aiming to offer useful information for further functional studies and identification of target genes related to air breathing, a distinguished feature of this teleost fish.|br| We assembled the C. argus genome with a total of 140.3 Gigabases (Gb) of raw reads, which were sequenced by the Illumina HiSeq2000 platform. The final draft genome assembly is approximately 615.3 million bases (Mb), with contig N50 of 81.4 kb and
http://ensembl.genomics.org.cn/dataset/100279
Freshwater Fishing Regulations | Maryland Fishing Regulations - 2019 | eRegulationsFreshwater Fishing Regulations | Maryland Fishing Regulations - 2019 | eRegulations
To remove the head and tail of fish in possession while at the fishing location, except for snakeheads. The head and tail shall remain attached in such a manner as to permit identification of fish species and total length. A person may take snakehead fish from Maryland waters by any legal means provided that the head of the snakehead fish is immediately removed, or the body is gutted, or the gills are removed from both sides of the fish, or the fish is filleted upon capture ...
http://www.eregulations.com/maryland/fishing/freshwater-fishing-regulations/
Patent US5960497 - Pressure relieving pad with graduated pillars - Google PatentsPatent US5960497 - Pressure relieving pad with graduated pillars - Google Patents
A pressure relieving pad with graduated pillars to effectively reduce the development of decubitus ulcers. The pad is preferably made of foam to keep the manufacturing costs down and includes a first plurality of large pillars or columns. A second plurality of smaller pillars or columns is then positioned atop each of the larger pillars forming a progression or graduation of pillars. Adjacent larger pillars are preferably attached to one another at their bases to form an underlying, support platform or level for the pad. In operation, the weight or force of the patient using the pad is progressively transferred from the small pillars on top downwardly through the larger pillars to the underlying support platform or level.
http://www.google.com/patents/US5960497?dq=4453763
Tag: Lirik Lagu Ting Ting - Ayu Ting Ting - Lirik Lagu Ting Ting - Ayu Ting Ting, Viral TikTok: Saya Masih Ting Ting, Dijamin...Tag: Lirik Lagu Ting Ting - Ayu Ting Ting - Lirik Lagu Ting Ting - Ayu Ting Ting, Viral TikTok: Saya Masih Ting Ting, Dijamin...
Berita dan foto terbaru Lirik Lagu Ting Ting - Ayu Ting Ting - Lirik Lagu Ting Ting - Ayu Ting Ting, Viral TikTok: Saya Masih Ting Ting, Dijamin Masih Ting Ting
https://www.tribunnews.com/tag/lirik-lagu-ting-ting-ayu-ting-ting?url=view/209461/lirik-lagu-viral-di-tiktok-ting-ting-ayu-ting-ting-saya-masih-ting-ting-dijamin-masih-ting-ting
Just a pillar - Review of Pompeys Pillar, Alexandria, Egypt - TripAdvisorJust a pillar - Review of Pompeys Pillar, Alexandria, Egypt - TripAdvisor
Pompeys Pillar: Just a pillar - See 293 traveler reviews, 360 candid photos, and great deals for Alexandria, Egypt, at TripAdvisor.
https://www.tripadvisor.com/ShowUserReviews-g295398-d469562-r159928842-Pompey_s_Pillar-Alexandria_Alexandria_Governorate.html
Is the Pillar Procedure Recommended for Subtle Snoring?Is the Pillar Procedure Recommended for Subtle Snoring?
Want to stop your snoring? Candidacy for the Pillar Procedure is based more on the cause of your snoring rather than how loudly you snore. Come visit our specialists at EOS Sleep NY too learn if the pillar procedure is right for you.
https://www.eossleep.com/2015/09/17/is-the-pillar-procedure-recommended-for-people-with-subtle-snoring/
Pillars Of LongevityPillars Of Longevity
Pillars Of Longevity There are millions of people in the world who have lived very long, healthy lives, following certain values and habits.
https://www.healthierlife101.com/pillars-of-longevity/
Perfecting the Pillars Series - Tawheed: Muhammad & Maryam Part 1:Cilia Ndiaye:9781438243207 : NoorartPerfecting the Pillars Series - Tawheed: Muhammad & Maryam Part 1:Cilia Ndiaye:9781438243207 : Noorart
Perfecting the Pillars Series - Tawheed: Muhammad & Maryam Part 1, Author: Cilia Ndiaye, By: Ad-Duha Institute, ISBN-13: 9781438243207, UPC: 9781438243207, Theme: School
https://www.noorart.com/Perfecting-the-Pillars-Series-Muhammad-and-Maryam-Tawheed-Part-1
The Four Pillars of FitnessThe Four Pillars of Fitness
Are you aware of the four pillars of fitness that make up the foundation for training? As a Certified Spinning® Instructor, it is our job to deliver a workout that incorporates these very basic principles.
http://spinlife.spinning.com/the-four-pillars-of-fitness/
Drowners Lung Medicine - Official Pillars of Eternity WikiDrowners Lung Medicine - Official Pillars of Eternity Wiki
Drowners Lung Medicine is a quest item in Pillars of Eternity II: Deadfire. Sold to you by Ernezzo, or looted/stolen from his body.
https://pillarsofeternity.fandom.com/wiki/Drowner%27s_Lung_Medicine
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GammaherpesvirinaeGammaherpesvirinae
Gammaherpesviruses are of primary interest due to the two human viruses, EBV and KSHV and the diseases they cause. The gammaherpesviruses replicate and persist in lymphoid cells but some are capable of undergoing lytic replication in epithelial or fibroblast cells. Gammaherpesviruses may be a cause of chronic fibrotic lung diseases in humans and in animals.[10] Murid herpesvirus 68 is an important model system for the study of gammaherpesviruses with tractable genetics. The gammaherpesviruses, including HVS, EBV, KSHV, and RRV, are capable of establishing latent infection in lymphocytes.[9] Attenuated virus mutants represent a promising approach towards gamma-herpesvirus infection control. Surprisingly, latency-deficient and, therefore, apathogenic MHV-68 mutants are found to be highly effective vaccines against these viruses.[8] Research in this area is almost exclusively performed using MHV68 as KSHV and EBV (the major human pathogens of this family) do not productively infect model organisms ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gammaherpesvirinae
AquabirnavirusAquabirnavirus
"ICTV Report Birnaviridae". "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) ICTV Report: ... Aquabirnavirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Birnaviridae. Salmonid fish serve as natural hosts. There are currently ... Group: dsRNA Order: Unassigned Family: Birnaviridae Genus: Aquabirnavirus Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus Tellina virus ... Birnaviridae". The Journal of General Virology. 100 (1): 5-6. doi:10.1099/jgv.0.001185. PMID 30484762. " ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquabirnavirus
EntomobirnavirusEntomobirnavirus
"ICTV Report Birnaviridae". "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) ICTV Report: ... Entomobirnavirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Birnaviridae. The fly Drosophila melanogaster is the natural host. There ... Group: dsRNA Order: Unassigned Family: Birnaviridae Genus: Entomobirnavirus Drosophila X virus Mosquito X virus Viruses in the ... Birnaviridae". The Journal of General Virology. 100 (1): 5-6. doi:10.1099/jgv.0.001185. PMID 30484762. " ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entomobirnavirus
AvibirnavirusAvibirnavirus
... is a genus of viruses in family Birnaviridae. There is currently a single species in this genus, the type species ... "ICTV Report Birnaviridae". "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) Jackwood, ... Birnaviridae". The Journal of General Virology. 100 (1): 5-6. doi:10.1099/jgv.0.001185. PMID 30484762. " ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avibirnavirus
BlosnavirusBlosnavirus
"ICTV Report Birnaviridae". "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) ICTV Report: ... Blosnavirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Birnaviridae. Blotched snakehead fish serve as natural hosts. There are ... Group: dsRNA Order: Unassigned Family: Birnaviridae Genus: Blosnavirus Blotched snakehead virus Lates calcarifer birnavirus ... Birnaviridae". The Journal of General Virology. 100 (1): 5-6. doi:10.1099/jgv.0.001185. PMID 30484762. " ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blosnavirus
Virus-TaxonomieVirus-Taxonomie
Familie Birnaviridae. *Genus Aquabirnavirus. *Genus Avibirnavirus. *Genus Blosnavirus. *Genus Entomobirnavirus. *Familie ...
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus-Taxonomie
Drosophila X virusDrosophila X virus
... (DXV) belongs to the Birnaviridae family of viruses. Birnaviridae currently consists of three genera. The ... This polypeptide is 977 amino acids in length, making it the largest encoded RdRp in the Birnaviridae family. The RdRp contains ... or downstream pseudoknot that is seen in other members of Birnaviridae. It is hypothesized the small ORF is translated in a ... which is consistent with birnaviridae (Shwed, 2002). The segment A genome is 3360-bp in length. Segment A encodes a polyprotein ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drosophila_X_virus
Viral replicationViral replication
This class includes two major families, the Reoviridae and Birnaviridae. Replication is monocistronic and includes individual, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_replication
腸道病毒 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书腸道病毒 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书
双DNA病毒科 Birnaviridae. *金色病毒科 Chrysoviridae. *囊状噬菌体科 Cystoviridae ...
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/腸道病毒
中東呼吸綜合症 - 维基百科，自由的百中東呼吸綜合症 - 维基百科，自由的百
双DNA病毒科 Birnaviridae. *金色病毒科 Chrysoviridae. *囊状噬菌体科 Cystoviridae ...
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/中東呼吸綜合症
Double-stranded RNA virusesDouble-stranded RNA viruses
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is the best-characterized member of the family Birnaviridae. These viruses have ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-stranded_RNA_viruses
Infectious pancreatic necrosisInfectious pancreatic necrosis
It is caused by infectious pancreatic necrosis virus, which is a member of the Birnaviridae family. This disease mainly affects ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infectious_pancreatic_necrosis
Infectious bursal diseaseInfectious bursal disease
... is a double-stranded RNA virus that has a bi-segmented genome and belongs to the genus Avibirnavirus of family Birnaviridae. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infectious_bursal_disease
PisuviricotaPisuviricota
Phylogenetic analyses suggest that Birnaviridae and Permutotetraviridae, both currently unassigned to a phylum in Orthornavirae ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisuviricota
MegabirnaviridaeMegabirnaviridae
... than families Birnaviridae (6 kbp) and Picobirnaviridae (4 kbp). There is only one species in this family: the type species ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megabirnaviridae
RNA-dependent RNA polymeraseRNA-dependent RNA polymerase
... except retroviruses and Birnaviridae All positive-strand RNA eukaryotic viruses with no DNA stage All RNA-containing ... such as orthomyxoviruses and bunyaviruses dsRNA virus family Birnaviridae (InterPro: IPR007100) RNA transcription is similar to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA-dependent_RNA_polymerase
List of MeSH codes (B04)List of MeSH codes (B04)
... birnaviridae MeSH B04.909.777.123.050 - aquabirnavirus MeSH B04.909.777.123.050.430 - infectious pancreatic necrosis virus MeSH ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(B04)
OrthornaviraeOrthornavirae
Birnaviridae Permutotetraviridae Botybirnavirus The kingdom contains three groups in the Baltimore classification system, which ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthornavirae
PicobirnavirusPicobirnavirus
... es were initially thought to belong to the family Birnaviridae, but later were confirmed to differ with respect ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picobirnavirus
RNA virusRNA virus
Family Amalgaviridae Family Birnaviridae Family Chrysoviridae Family Cystoviridae Family Endornaviridae Family Hypoviridae ... Birnaviridae, Cystoviridae, Nodaviridae, and Permutotretraviridae. These viruses have multiple types of genome ranging from a ... that the dsRNA viruses are not closely related to each other but instead belong to four additional classes-Birnaviridae, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_virus
List of virus families and subfamiliesList of virus families and subfamilies
Baculoviridae Barnaviridae Belpaoviridae Benyviridae Betaflexiviridae Bicaudaviridae Bidnaviridae Birnaviridae Bornaviridae ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_virus_families_and_subfamilies
BirnaviridaeBirnaviridae
"Birnaviridae-Birnaviridae-dsRNA Viruses". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Retrieved 16 October 2019. " ... Birnaviridae is a family of double-stranded RNA viruses. Salmonid fish, birds and insects serve as natural hosts. There are ... Viruses in family Birnaviridae are non-enveloped, with icosahedral single-shelled geometries, and T=13 symmetry. The diameter ... Birnaviridae". The Journal of General Virology. 100 (1): 5-6. doi:10.1099/jgv.0.001185. PMID 30484762. " ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birnaviridae
Dodatak:Popisi vrsta:Virusi - WikipedijaDodatak:Popisi vrsta:Virusi - Wikipedija
Birnaviridae , Blosnavirus: , Bocaparvovirus: , Bornaviridae , Bornavirus: , Botrexvirus: , Bppunalikevirus: , Bracovirus: , ...
https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodatak:Popisi_vrsta:Virusi
RetrovirusRetrovirus
When retroviruses have integrated their own genome into the germ line, their genome is passed on to a following generation. These endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), contrasted with exogenous ones, now make up 5-8% of the human genome.[7] Most insertions have no known function and are often referred to as "junk DNA". However, many endogenous retroviruses play important roles in host biology, such as control of gene transcription, cell fusion during placental development in the course of the germination of an embryo, and resistance to exogenous retroviral infection. Endogenous retroviruses have also received special attention in the research of immunology-related pathologies, such as autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis, although endogenous retroviruses have not yet been proven to play any causal role in this class of disease.[8] While transcription was classically thought to occur only from DNA to RNA, reverse transcriptase transcribes RNA into DNA. The term "retro" in retrovirus refers to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SsRNA-RT_virus
HepadnaviridaeHepadnaviridae
The hepatitis envelope proteins are composed of subunits made from the viral preS1, preS2, and S genes. The L (for "large") envelope protein contains all three subunits. The M (for "medium") protein contains only preS2 and S. The S (for "small") protein contains only S. The genome portions encoding these envelope protein subuntis share both the same frame and the same stop codon (generating nested transcripts on a single open reading frame. The pre-S1 is encoded first (closest to the 5' end), followed directly by the pre-S2 and the S. When a transcript is made from the beginning of the pre-S1 region, all three genes are included in the transcript and the L protein is produced. When the transcript starts after the pro-S1 at the beginning of the pre-S2 the final protein contains the pre-S2 and S subunits only and therefore is an M protein. The smallest envelope protein containing just the S subunit is made most because it is encoded closest to the 3' end and comes from the shortest transcript. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepadnaviridae
BetanodavirusBetanodavirus
Viruses in Betanodavirus are non-enveloped, with icosahedral geometries, and T=3 symmetry. The diameter is around 30 nm. Genomes are linear and segmented, bipartite, around 21.4kb in length.[8]. The crystal structure of a betanodavirus- T=3 Grouper nervous necrosis virus (GNNV)-like particle has been determined by X-ray crystallography. The virus-like particle contains 180 subunits of the capsid protein, and each capsid protein (CP) shows three major domains: (i) the N-terminal arm, an inter-subunit extension at the inner surface; (ii) the shell domain (S-domain), a jelly-roll structure; and (iii) the protrusion domain (P-domain) formed by three-fold trimeric protrusions. [10]. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betanodavirus
PolydnavirusPolydnavirus
Nucleic acid analysis suggests a very long association of the viruses with the wasps (greater than 70 million years).. Two proposals have been advanced for how the wasp/virus association developed. The first suggests that the virus is derived from wasp genes. Many parasitoids that do not use PDVs inject proteins that provide many of the same functions, that is, a suppression of the immune response to the parasite egg. In this model, the braconid and ichneumonid wasps packaged genes for these functions into the viruses-essentially creating a gene-transfer system that results in the caterpillar producing the immune-suppressing factors. In this scenario, the PDV structural proteins (capsids) were probably "borrowed" from existing viruses.. The alternative proposal suggests that ancestral wasps developed a beneficial association with an existing virus that eventually led to the integration of the virus into the wasp's genome. Following integration, the genes responsible for virus replication and the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polydnavirus
VirusVirus
Louis Pasteur was unable to find a causative agent for rabies and speculated about a pathogen too small to be detected using a microscope.[21] In 1884, the French microbiologist Charles Chamberland invented a filter (known today as the Chamberland filter or the Pasteur-Chamberland filter) with pores smaller than bacteria. Thus, he could pass a solution containing bacteria through the filter and completely remove them from the solution.[22] In 1892, the Russian biologist Dmitri Ivanovsky used this filter to study what is now known as the tobacco mosaic virus. His experiments showed that crushed leaf extracts from infected tobacco plants remain infectious after filtration. Ivanovsky suggested the infection might be caused by a toxin produced by bacteria, but did not pursue the idea.[23] At the time it was thought that all infectious agents could be retained by filters and grown on a nutrient medium - this was part of the germ theory of disease.[2] In 1898, the Dutch microbiologist Martinus ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus_structure
Birnaviridae - WikipediaBirnaviridae - Wikipedia
Birnaviridae proteins[edit]. The Birnaviridae genome encodes several proteins: Birnaviridae RNA-directed RNA polymerase (VP1), ... Birnaviridae is a family of viruses. Salmonid fish, young sexually immature chickens, and insects serve as natural hosts. There ... Viruses in Birnaviridae are non-enveloped, with icosahedral and Single-shelled geometries, and T=13 symmetry. The diameter is ... "Genome and polypeptides characterization of Tellina virus 1 reveals a fifth genetic cluster in the Birnaviridae family". ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birnaviridae
Birnaviridae | EVAgBirnaviridae | EVAg
"Birnaviridae" taxonomic term. The additional filters enable you with creating a sub-selection of items of this list. The ...
https://www.european-virus-archive.com/evag-portal/ictv-taxonomy/birnaviridae
FAQ • Birnaviridae InfectionsFAQ • Birnaviridae Infections
Birnaviridae Infections. On-line free medical diagnosis assistant. Ranked list of possible diseases from either several ... FAQ - Birnaviridae Infections. (Powered by Yahoo! Answers). What are some ways of preventing infections in wrestling?. I am a ...
https://lookfordiagnosis.com/faq.php?term=Birnaviridae+Infections&lang=1
Revision #10 - Birnaviridae - dsRNA Viruses - International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)Revision #10 - Birnaviridae - dsRNA Viruses - International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)
Birnaviridae: from Latin prefix bi, "two", signifying the bisegmented nature of the viral genome as well as the presence of ... Birnaviridae is a family of viruses with bisegmented dsRNA genomes with a total of about 6 kbp forming icosahedral, non- ... Figure 4.Birnaviridae. A distance tree representing the phylogenetic relationships of VP1 in the various genera and genetic ... Birnaviridae: Supporting Information. *Authors - Corresponding author: Bernard Delmas ([email protected]) ...
https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsrna-viruses/w/birnaviridae/1008/defaultwikipage/revision/10
Revision #4 - Birnaviridae - dsRNA Viruses - International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)Revision #4 - Birnaviridae - dsRNA Viruses - International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) causes an immunosuppressive disease in chickens by destruction of B lymphocytes in the bursa of Fabricius. Apoptosis has also been observed in this and other lymphoid organs. VP5 inhibits apoptosis at the early stage of viral infection in chicken embryonic fibroblast cells, whereas VP2 induces apoptosis in transfected mammalian cells. The latter finding correlates with evidence of apoptosis and B cell death in chickens infected with IBDV. The rapid depletion of B cells in the bursa of Fabricius leads to immunosuppression and increased susceptibility to other infections and diseases. The virus is highly contagious and is of major importance to the poultry industry worldwide. Two serotypes (1 and 2) of IBDV have been identified by cross-neutralization assays. Serotype 1 strains are pathogenic in chickens, whereas serotype 2 strains are nonpathogenic.. ...
https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsrna-viruses/w/birnaviridae/1015/genus-avibirnavirus/revision/4
The Springer Index of Viruses | SpringerLinkThe Springer Index of Viruses | SpringerLink
The continuous growth of knowledege makes it very difficult for scientists to retrieve comprehensive and accurate data on viruses. The desired information is often dispersed in a variety of books, jou
https://link.springer.com/referencework/10.1007%2F978-0-387-95919-1
Arteriviridae | IVISArteriviridae | IVIS
Birnaviridae. In: Concise Review of Veterinary Virology Author(s):. Carter G.R. and ...
https://www.ivis.org/library/concise-review-of-veterinary-virology/arteriviridae-0
dsRNA viruses - Reoviridae - Reoviridae study group - Cystoviridae - Birnaviridae - Totiviridae: Home PagedsRNA viruses - Reoviridae - Reoviridae study group - Cystoviridae - Birnaviridae - Totiviridae: Home Page
Birnaviridae The genome segments and proteins of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) (genus Aquabirnavirus: family ...
http://www.reoviridae.org/dsRNA_virus_proteins/
Gammaherpesvirinae - WikipediaGammaherpesvirinae - Wikipedia
Gammaherpesviruses are of primary interest due to the two human viruses, EBV and KSHV and the diseases they cause. The gammaherpesviruses replicate and persist in lymphoid cells but some are capable of undergoing lytic replication in epithelial or fibroblast cells. Gammaherpesviruses may be a cause of chronic fibrotic lung diseases in humans and in animals.[10] Murid herpesvirus 68 is an important model system for the study of gammaherpesviruses with tractable genetics. The gammaherpesviruses, including HVS, EBV, KSHV, and RRV, are capable of establishing latent infection in lymphocytes.[9] Attenuated virus mutants represent a promising approach towards gamma-herpesvirus infection control. Surprisingly, latency-deficient and, therefore, apathogenic MHV-68 mutants are found to be highly effective vaccines against these viruses.[8] Research in this area is almost exclusively performed using MHV68 as KSHV and EBV (the major human pathogens of this family) do not productively infect model organisms ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gammaherpesvirinae
Patent US20030152942 - Nucleic acid detection in pooled samples - Google PatentsPatent US20030152942 - Nucleic acid detection in pooled samples - Google Patents
The present invention relates to detecting target nucleic acid sequences in pooled samples. In particular, the present invention relates to compositions and methods for detecting the presence or absence of target nucleic acid sequences (e.g. RNA virus sequences) in a pooled sample employing an INVADER detection assay. In certain embodiments, the present invention allows target nucleic acid sequence detection in pooled biological samples (e.g. pooled blood samples) without prior amplification of the target.
http://www.google.com/patents/US20030152942?dq=6101531
Virus-Taxonomie - WikipediaVirus-Taxonomie - Wikipedia
Familie Birnaviridae. *Genus Aquabirnavirus. *Genus Avibirnavirus. *Genus Blosnavirus. *Genus Entomobirnavirus. *Familie ...
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus-Taxonomie
Fenners Veterinary Virology by N. James Maclachlan BVSc, MS, PhD |, Paperback | Barnes & Noble®Fenner's Veterinary Virology by N. James Maclachlan BVSc, MS, PhD |, Paperback | Barnes & Noble®
Birnaviridae 17. Paramyxoviridae 18. Rhabdoviridae 19. Filoviridae 20. Bornaviridae 21. Orthomyxoviridae 22. Bunyaviridae 23. ...
https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/fenners-veterinary-virology-n-james-maclachlan/1122732102
Ultrastructural Pathology: The Comparative Cellular Basis of Disease, 2nd Edition | WileyUltrastructural Pathology: The Comparative Cellular Basis of Disease, 2nd Edition | Wiley
Family Birnaviridae 392. Family Nadoviridae 394. Family Picornaviridae 394. Family Caliciviridae 399 ...
https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Ultrastructural+Pathology%3A+The+Comparative+Cellular+Basis+of+Disease%2C+2nd+Edition-p-9780813810348
Virus Taxonomy: Ninth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, Book by Andrew MQ King (Other) | chapters...Virus Taxonomy: Ninth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, Book by Andrew MQ King (Other) | chapters...
Birnaviridae. Genus. Aquabirnavirus. Genus. Avibirnavirus. Genus. Blosnavirus. Genus. Entomobirnavirus. Family. Chrysoviridae. ...
https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/virus-taxonomy-ninth-report-of/9780123846853-item.html
Zwitterionic immunomodulators for the treatment of asthma and allergy - The Brigham and Womens Hospital, Inc.Zwitterionic immunomodulators for the treatment of asthma and allergy - The Brigham and Women's Hospital, Inc.
Birnaviridae. ; Hepadnaviridae (Hepatitis B virus); Parvoviridae (parvoviruses); Papovaviridae (papilloma viruses, polyoma ...
https://www.freepatentsonline.com/y2004/0219160.html
Virus - Everything2.comVirus - Everything2.com
Birnaviridae. *Reoviridae (e.g. human rotaviruses). Single-stranded RNA. Bacteriophages. *Leviviridae (MS2) ...
https://everything2.com/title/Virus
The Big Picture Book of Viruses - Baltimore ListingThe Big Picture Book of Viruses - Baltimore Listing
Birnaviridae:. Aquabirnavirus. infectious pancreatic necrosis virus. Vertebrates. Avibirnavirus. infectious bursal disease ...
http://www.virology.net/Big_Virology/BVFamilyGroup.html
Characterising Birnaviridae replication and reassortment in vitro: virus factories derived from distinct input viruses form in...Characterising Birnaviridae replication and reassortment in vitro: virus factories derived from distinct input viruses form in...
The Birnaviridae family is comprised of non-enveloped viruses with a double-stranded RNA genome that is divided into two ... The Birnaviridae family is comprised of non-enveloped viruses with a double-stranded RNA genome that is divided into two ... Characterising Birnaviridae replication and reassortment in vitro: virus factories derived from distinct input viruses form in ...
https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/acmi/10.1099/acmi.ac2019.po0147
腸道病毒 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书腸道病毒 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书
双DNA病毒科 Birnaviridae. *金色病毒科 Chrysoviridae. *囊状噬菌体科 Cystoviridae ...
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%85%B8%E9%81%93%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92
中東呼吸綜合症 - 维基百科，自由的百中東呼吸綜合症 - 维基百科，自由的百
双DNA病毒科 Birnaviridae. *金色病毒科 Chrysoviridae. *囊状噬菌体科 Cystoviridae ...
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%9D%B1%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E7%97%87
Aquabirnavirus - WikipediaAquabirnavirus - Wikipedia
"ICTV Report Birnaviridae". "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) ICTV Report: ... Aquabirnavirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Birnaviridae. Salmonid fish serve as natural hosts. There are currently ... Group: dsRNA Order: Unassigned Family: Birnaviridae Genus: Aquabirnavirus Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus Tellina virus ... Birnaviridae". The Journal of General Virology. 100 (1): 5-6. doi:10.1099/jgv.0.001185. PMID 30484762. " ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquabirnavirus
Virology IndexVirology Index
Icosahedral Symmetry. The cubic symmetry found in viruses is invariably that of an icosahedron, one of the five classical Platonic solids of geometry; it has 12 vertices (corners), 30 edges, and 20 faces, each an equilateral triangle. It has axes of two-, three-, and fivefold rotational symmetry, passing through its edges, faces, and vertices, respectively. The icosahedron is the optimum solution to the problem of constructing, from repeating subunits, a strong structure to enclose a maximum volume. Before icosahedrons were discovered in viruses, the same principles were applied by the architect Buckminster Fuller to the construction of icosahedral buildings (geodesic domes). An object with icosahedral symmetry need not appear angular in outline; the virions of many animal viruses with icosahedral symmetry appear spherical with a bumpy surface.. Only certain arrangements of the capsomers can fit into the faces, edges, and vertices of the viral icosahedron. The capsomers on the faces and ...
http://maxshouse.com/virology_IDX.htm
DNA transfection system for the generation of infectious influenza virus - St. Jude Childrens Research HospitalDNA transfection system for the generation of infectious influenza virus - St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
... or Birnaviridae (2 dsRNA segments). To date, for viruses of the family Reoviridae, no reverse genetics systems are available. ... Birnaviridae) and positive strand RNA viruses (e.g., Flaviviridae, Picornaviridae, Coronaviridae, Togaviridae). Because the ...
http://www.freepatentsonline.com/y2002/0164770.html
The Baltimore Classification SystemThe Baltimore Classification System
Examples of Class III viruses include Rheoviridae and Birnaviridae.. Class IV: Single stranded RNA (ssRNA) viruses. Class IV ...
https://www.news-medical.net/life-sciences/The-Baltimore-Classification-System.aspx
Difference between revisions of Taxonomy Index - microbewikiDifference between revisions of "Taxonomy Index" - microbewiki
Birnaviridae. Bromoviridae. Bromovirus. Bunyaviridae. Caulimoviridae. Caulimovirus. Circovirus. Cladosporium Coronavirus. ...
https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Taxonomy_Index&diff=cur&oldid=4860
Difference between revisions of Ustilago - microbewikiDifference between revisions of "Ustilago" - microbewiki
The composition of the cell wall is not completely deciphered. Recent studies indicate that the walls are made of mostly of polysaccharides and chitin. Chitin and phosphate are more abundant in the mycelial form that in the yeast (Ruiz-Herrara, 1998). Knowledge of the cell wall composition and metabolism of Ustilago maydis is still being investigated. However, recent studies have shown that cell walls of the yeast and mycelial forms are mostly made up of polysaccharides. Mycelial forms contain both polysaccharides and chitin (Feldbrugge, 2004). Ustilago maydis is useful in studying many things, such as mating determination, homologous recombination and signaling pathways. This is because during the life cycle of U. maydis, non-pathogenic haploid cells, which grow like yeast, fuse together to form a dikaryotic hyphae (Bolker, ). U. maydis can only induce disease in the dikaryotic stage that occurs after mating. This process involves cAMP and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling that ...
https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Ustilago&diff=6128&oldid=6126
Veterinary virology - University of Veterinary Medicine BudapestVeterinary virology - University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest
Reoviridae, Birnaviridae. 12 April 2021. Picornavirales, Caliciviridae. Hepeviridae, Astroviridae. 19 April 2021. Togaviridae, ...
https://univet.hu/en/education/courses/veterinary-virology/
US Patent # 9,566,348. Methods and compositions for the treatment of cancer and infectious disease using alpha(2)...US Patent # 9,566,348. Methods and compositions for the treatment of cancer and infectious disease using alpha(2)...
Birnaviridae; Hepadnaviridae (Hepatitis B virus); Parvovirida (parvoviruses); Papovaviridae (papilloma viruses, polyoma viruses ...
http://patents.com/us-9566348.html
Space GroupsSpace Groups
Birnaviridae. 1. by Padmaja Natarajan Last Modified : Tue Jan 8 19:38:43 PST 2002 ...
http://viperdb.scripps.edu/spgr_info.php?spgr_num=173
VirusesAquabirnavirusFamilyIBDVJournal of GenerInfectiousIPNVGenusSegmentTermGenus
Viruses13
  • Birnaviridae is a family of viruses . (wikipedia.org)
  • Viruses in Birnaviridae are non-enveloped, with icosahedral and Single-shelled geometries, and T=13 symmetry. (wikipedia.org)
  • Birnaviridae is a family of viruses with bisegmented dsRNA genomes with a total of about 6 kbp forming icosahedral, non-enveloped virions. (ictvonline.org)
  • The Birnaviridae family is comprised of non-enveloped viruses with a double-stranded RNA genome that is divided into two segments, A and B. Birnaviruses are responsible for major economic losses to the poultry and aquaculture industries, and reassortment complicates their epidemiology and control. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Aquabirnavirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Birnaviridae. (wikipedia.org)
  • Group: dsRNA Order: Unassigned Family: Birnaviridae Genus: Aquabirnavirus Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus Tellina virus Yellowtail ascites virus Viruses in Aquabirnavirus are non-enveloped, with icosahedral and Single-shelled geometries, and T=13 symmetry. (wikipedia.org)
  • Examples of Class III viruses include Rheoviridae and Birnaviridae . (news-medical.net)
  • 218. The IBD virus belongs to the Birnaviridae family of RNA viruses. (thepoultrysite.com)
  • This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the taxonomy of Birnaviridae , which is available at www.ictv.global/report/birnaviridae . (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is an acute, contagious disease of trout fry and fingerlings caused by viruses of the family birnaviridae. (oregonstate.edu)
  • He is also Fellow of Indian Virological Society and member study group on Picobirnaviridae and Birnaviridae viruses of International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). (researchandmarkets.com)
  • The Birnaviridae family comprises naked icosahedral viruses with bipartite dsRNA genomes that infect a wide variety of animal species including insects, aquatic fauna and birds. (csic.es)
  • The genus Entomobirnavirus (from the Greek entomon = insect) is one of four genera in the family Birnaviridae and contains viruses isolated from insects. (dpvweb.net)
Aquabirnavirus3
  • Infeksiøst pankreasnekrose-virus (IPNV) er et robust nakent RNA-virus i slekten Aquabirnavirus, familien Birnaviridae. (imr.no)
  • Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is a highly transmissible disease caused by IPN virus (IPNV) which belongs to the Birnaviridae family, genus Aquabirnavirus ( Roberts and Pearson 2005 ). (g3journal.org)
  • Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) is a bisegmented double-stranded RNA virus belonging to the family Birnaviridae, genus Aquabirnavirus, which is a major viral pathogen of salmonid fish. (elsevier.com)
Family11
  • Birnaviridae RNA-directed RNA polymerase (VP1), which lacks the highly conserved Gly-Asp-Asp (GDD) sequence, a component of the proposed catalytic site of this enzyme family that exists in the conserved motif VI of the palm domain of other RNA-directed RNA polymerases. (wikipedia.org)
  • Characteristics of the family Birnaviridae . (ictvonline.org)
  • IBDV is a small, non-enveloped double-stranded RNA virus, belonging to the Birnaviridae family. (thepoultrysite.com)
  • 1974). IBDV is a member of the genus Avibirnavirus of the family Birnaviridae (Chettle, Stuart & Wyeth 1989). (scielo.org.za)
  • The virus responsible is a bisegmented, double-stranded RNA virus, belonging to the Avibirnavirus genus in the family Birnaviridae. (au-ibar.org)
  • IBDV is a member of the genus Avibirnavirus in the family Birnaviridae , and its genome is composed of two segments of double-stranded RNA ( 25 ). (asm.org)
  • Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), 1 a member of the Birnaviridae family, is a pathogenic agent that damages the precursors of antibody-producing B lymphocytes in the bursa of Fabricius (central humoral immune organ) and causes severe immunodeficiency and mortality in young chickens ( 1 ). (mcponline.org)
  • Members of the Birnaviridae family, including infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), exhibit a dual behavior, causing acute infections that are often followed by the establishment of lifelong persistent asymptomatic infections. (asm.org)
  • The blotched snakehead (BSN) cell line associated virus was shown to be a new member of the family Birnaviridae and was also shown to be non-pathogenic for snakehead fish. (www.gov.uk)
  • The causative agent, infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), belongs to the family Birnaviridae. (elsevier.com)
  • Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is an important member of the Birnaviridae family. (bvsalud.org)
IBDV1
  • Our main virus model, infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), is the aetiological agent of an acute immunosuppressive disease that affects juvenile domestic chickens and causes heavy economic losses to the poultry industry world-wide (http://www.oie.int/eng/maladies/en_classification2007.htm?e1d7). (csic.es)
Journal of Gener1
  • Birnaviridae , Journal of General Virology, (In Press). (ictvonline.org)
Infectious1
  • Infectious pancreatic disease (IPN) and pancreas disease (PD) of salmon are viral diseases caused by Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus (IPNV) (Birnaviridae) and Salmonid Alphavirus (SAV) (Togaviridae). (uib.no)
IPNV4
  • Bergnebb kan bli smittet og representere en symptomfri bærer av IPNV, og kan trolig spre viruset (Gibson mfl. (imr.no)
  • 2008). En særlig høy IPNV prevalens ble observert i villaks samlet inn for bruk som stamfisk i Galicia (Spania), 39 % i 2004 og 51 % 2005 (Bandín & Dopazo 2006). (imr.no)
  • I Norge har en gjennomført IPNV-analyser av laks samlet som stamfisk for kultiveringsformål. (imr.no)
  • IPNV ble i denne perioden påvist i en laks. (imr.no)
Genus1
  • Genus Tequatrovirus ( T4virus , T4-ähnliche Viren , en. (wikipedia.org)
Segment1
  • The large RNA segment of Birnaviridae codes for a polyprotein (N-VP2-VP4-VP3-C). (ebi.ac.uk)
Term1
Genus2
  • Taxonomically, IPN virus a member of the family Birnaviridae and the genus Aquabirnavirus. (fishpathogens.net)
  • Double stranded RNA virus, it belongs to the genus Avibirnavirus of the family Birnaviridae , very resistant in the environment. (hipra.com)
Birnaviridae - Wikipedia
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