A family of bisegmented, double-stranded RNA viruses causing infection in fish, mollusks, fowl, and Drosophila. There are three genera: AQUABIRNAVIRUS; AVIBIRNAVIRUS; and ENTOMOBIRNAVIRUS. Horizontal and vertical transmission occurs for all viruses.
A genus of RNA viruses in the family BIRNAVIRIDAE infecting fish, mollusks, and crustaceans. It is transmitted both vertically and horizontally with no known vectors. The natural hosts are salmonids and the type species is INFECTIOUS PANCREATIC NECROSIS VIRUS.
Virus diseases caused by the BIRNAVIRIDAE.
A species of AVIBIRNAVIRUS causing severe inflammation of the bursa of Fabricius in chickens and other fowl. Transmission is thought to be through contaminated feed or water. Vaccines have been used with varying degrees of success.
The type species of AQUABIRNAVIRUS, causing infectious pancreatic necrosis in salmonid fish and other freshwater and marine animals including mollusks.
Viral proteins that are components of the mature assembled VIRUS PARTICLES. They may include nucleocapsid core proteins (gag proteins), enzymes packaged within the virus particle (pol proteins), and membrane components (env proteins). These do not include the proteins encoded in the VIRAL GENOME that are produced in infected cells but which are not packaged in the mature virus particle,i.e. the so called non-structural proteins (VIRAL NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS).
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Gill lamellar pillar cell necrosis, a new birnavirus disease in Japanese eels. (1/29)

Since the late 1980s, a birnaviral gill disease has been occurring in Japanese eels Anguilla japonica reared in warmwater ponds in western regions in Japan. Diseased eels mostly displayed marked formations of aneurysmal hematomas within gill lamellae and high mortalities. Histological examination revealed necrosis of pillar cells and subsequent aggregation of erythrocytes inside the lamellar capillaries, and proliferation of interlamellar epithelia onto the lamellae. Gastric gland cells were also necrotized. Electron microscopy revealed birnavirus infection in lamellar pillar cells. The causative birnavirus was isolated and cultured in fish cell lines and was found to be related to an infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) Sp serotype by neutralization tests. The viral pathogenicity was confirmed by the results of histopathological examinations and infectivity experiments.  (+info)

Characteristics of a new birnavirus associated with a warm-water fish cell line. (2/29)

A warm-water fish cell line developed from blotched snakehead caudal peduncle (BSN) was found to have persistent birnavirus infection. Purified virus particles were of icosahedral shape and had 57+/-1.6 nm diameter. The BSN virus was resistant to 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine and induced yellowish-green cytoplasmic inclusions when stained with acridine orange. The virus was resistant to chloroform, acid and alkaline pH and heat treatment at 56 degrees C for 2 h. Purified virions had a buoyant density of 1.33 g/ml in CsCl and contained two genomic segments with molecular masses of 2.56 x 10(6) and 2.00 x 10(6) Da and four structural polypeptides of 112 (polyprotein, PP), 91 (VP1), 44 (VP2) and 37 (VP3) kDa. Reciprocal beta cross-neutralization tests incorporating four classical strains of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) (WB, Sp, Ab and TV-1) and the BSN virus established the complete serological distinctness of the virus from IPNV. Considering the uniqueness of the virus, the name blotched snakehead virus is proposed for this agent.  (+info)

Isolation of different types of birnavirus from ayu Plecoglossus altivelis and amago salmon Oncorhynchus rhodurus cultured in the same geographic area. (3/29)

A birnavirus was recently isolated from cultured ayu Plecoglossus altivelis on Shikoku island, Japan. The diseased fish displayed vertebral or vertical curvature and mild haemorrhage around the brain. Cytopathic effects (CPE) of the virus, including cell roundness, filamentous change and cell lysis, were observed in CHSE-214, RTG-2 and RSBK-2 cells. The virus isolated from ayu, designated the AY-98 strain, was found to be antigenically related to the marine birnavirus (MABV) Y-6 strain that originated from yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata. AY-98 had a bi-segmented RNA genome and the same nucleotide sequence in the 310 bp VP2/NS junction as MABV Y-6. At the same time that the ayu epizootics occurred, another birnavirus (AM-98) was isolated from amago salmon Oncorhynchus rhodurus which were cultured 66 km away from the ayu farm. AM-98 showed a similar CPE and had the same host cell ranges as AY-98. However, AM-98 was serologically similar to the VR-299 strain of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) and their nucleotide sequences in the VP2/NS junction region showed 98% homology without changes at the amino acid level. In this study, the ayu strain AY-98 was grouped into MABV, whereas the amago salmon strain AM-98 was grouped into IPNV. This indicates that the 2 birnaviruses originated from different sources in spite of the fact that the places where they were isolated are close to one another. The results in this paper show a new aspect of the traditional consensus that the same serogroup of birnavirus distribute in close geographic areas.  (+info)

Active residues and viral substrate cleavage sites of the protease of the birnavirus infectious pancreatic necrosis virus. (4/29)

The polyprotein of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV), a birnavirus, is processed by the viral protease VP4 (also named NS) to generate three polypeptides: pVP2, VP4, and VP3. Site-directed mutagenesis at 42 positions of the IPNV VP4 protein was performed to determine the active site and the important residues for the protease activity. Two residues (serine 633 and lysine 674) were critical for cleavage activity at both the pVP2-VP4 and the VP4-VP3 junctions. Wild-type activity at the pVP2-VP4 junction and a partial block (with an alteration of the cleavage specificity) at the VP4-VP3 junction were observed when replacement occurred at histidines 547 and 679. A similar observation was made when aspartic acid 693 was replaced by leucine, but wild-type activity and specificity were found when substituted by glutamine or asparagine. Sequence comparison between IPNV and two birnavirus (infectious bursal disease virus and Drosophila X virus) VP4s revealed that serine 633 and lysine 674 are conserved in these viruses, in contrast to histidines 547 and 679. The importance of serine 633 and lysine 674 is reminiscent of the protease active site of bacterial leader peptidases and their mitochondrial homologs and of the bacterial LexA-like proteases. Self-cleavage sites of IPNV VP4 were determined at the pVP2-VP4 and VP4-VP3 junctions by N-terminal sequencing and mutagenesis. Two alternative cleavage sites were also identified in the carboxyl domain of pVP2 by cumulative mutagenesis. The results suggest that VP4 cleaves the (Ser/Thr)-X-Ala / (Ser/Ala)-Gly motif, a target sequence with similarities to bacterial leader peptidases and herpesvirus protease cleavage sites.  (+info)

Expression of YAV proteins and vaccination against viral ascites among cultured juvenile yellowtail. (5/29)

Yellowtail ascites virus (YAV) is a member of the family Birnaviridae and causes viral ascites among juvenile yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata). We have reported the cloning and expression of two viral cDNAs, the first being segment A encoding a polyprotein of viral capsid proteins (VP2 and VP3) and a protease (NS), and the second being VP2-epitope encoding serotype-specific epitope region on VP2, using a baculovirus expression system. Another viral cDNA encoding a polyprotein of NS and VP3 was cloned and expressed in this study. For the expression of NS/VP3 (YAV nt 1626 to 3066) in insect cells a 31-kDa protein, corresponding to VP3 was detected, indicating an appropriate posttranslational processing of NS/VP3 polypeptide by NS protease itself. The analysis of the N-terminal amino acid sequence of this protein showed that NS protease may cleave an Ala-Ser bond. A study of the potential for vaccination of yellowtail fry by injection of insect cell lysates infected with baculovirus, containing either cDNA of segment A, VP2-epitope, or NS/VP3 was undertaken. Only a vaccination with cell lysates infected with a recombinant virus carrying the full length of YAV segment A gene demonstrated approximately the same effect as that of inactivated YAV. This result suggested that all proteins VP2, VP3, and NS are required for an effective vaccination.  (+info)

First isolation of an aquatic birnavirus from farmed and wild fish species in Australia. (6/29)

During routine sampling and testing, as part of a systematic surveillance program (the Tasmanian Salmonid Health Surveillance Program), an aquatic birnavirus was isolated from 'pin-head' (fish exhibiting deficient acclimatisation on transfer to saltwater) Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, approximately 18 mo old, farmed in net-pens located in Macquarie Harbour on the west coast of Tasmania, Australia. The isolate grows readily in a range of fish cell lines including CHSE-214, RTG-2 and BF-2 and is neutralised by a pan-specific rabbit antiserum raised against infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) Ab strain and by a commercial pan-specific IPNV-neutralising monoclonal antibody. Presence of the virus was not associated with gross clinical signs. Histopathological examination revealed a range of lesions particularly in pancreatic tissue. The virus was localised in pancreas sections by immunoperoxidase staining using the polyclonal antiserum and by electron microscopy. Examination by electron microscopy demonstrated that the virus isolated in cell culture (1) belongs to the family Birnaviridae, genus Aquabirnaviridae; (2) was ultrastructurally and antigenically similar to virus identified in the index fish; (3) is related to IPNV. Western blot analysis using the polyclonal rabbit antiserum confirmed the cross-reactions between various aquatic birnavirus isolates. In addition, PCR analysis of isolated viral nucleic acid from the index case indicated that the virus is more closely related to IPNV fr21 and N1 isolates than to other birnavirus isolates available for comparison. Sampling of other fish species within Macquarie Harbour has demonstrated that the virus is present in several other species of fish including farmed rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, wild flounder Rhombosolea tapirina, cod Pseudophycis sp., spiked dogfish Squalus megalops and ling Genypterus blacodes.  (+info)

Genome sequence of a VP2/NS junction region of pillar cell necrosis virus (PCNV) in cultured Japanese eel Anguilla japonica. (7/29)

Pillar cell necrosis virus (PCNV) is an aquatic birnavirus that was isolated from farmed Japanese eel experiencing mass mortality. In this study, a VP2/NS junction region in genome segment A of PCNV was amplified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and sequenced. The VP2/NS region in PCNV had the highest homology with that of a strain Ab of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV). This result revealed that PCNV belongs to birnavirus genogroup II.  (+info)

Blotched snakehead virus is a new aquatic birnavirus that is slightly more related to avibirnavirus than to aquabirnavirus. (8/29)

By different approaches, we characterized the birnavirus blotched snakehead virus (BSNV). The sequence of genomic segment A revealed the presence of two open reading frames (ORFs): a large ORF with a 3,207-bp-long nucleotide sequence and a 417-nucleotide-long small ORF located within the N-terminal half of the large ORF, but in a different reading frame. The large ORF was found to encode a polyprotein cotranslationally processed by the viral protease VP4 to generate pVP2 (the VP2 precursor), a 71-amino-acid-long peptide ([X]), VP4, and VP3. The two cleavage sites at the [X]-VP4 and VP4-VP3 junctions were identified by N-terminal sequencing. We showed that the processing of pVP2 generated VP2 and several small peptides (amino acids [aa] 418 to 460, 461 to 467, 468 to 474, and 475 to 486). Two of these peptides (aa 418 to 460 and 475 to 486) were positively identified in the viral particles with 10 additional peptides derived from further processing of the peptide aa 418 to 460. The results suggest that VP4 cleaves multiple Pro-X-Ala downward arrow Ala motifs, with the notable exception of the VP4-VP3 junction. Replacement of the members of the predicted VP4 catalytic dyad (Ser-692 and Lys-729) confirmed their indispensability in the polyprotein processing. The genomic segment B sequence revealed a single large ORF encoding a putative polymerase, VP1. Our results demonstrate that BSNV should be considered a new aquatic birnavirus species, slightly more related to IBDV than to IPNV.  (+info)

The Birnaviridae genome encodes several proteins: Birnaviridae RNA-directed RNA polymerase (VP1), which lacks the highly conserved Gly-Asp-Asp (GDD) sequence, a component of the proposed catalytic site of this enzyme family that exists in the conserved motif VI of the palm domain of other RNA-directed RNA polymerases.[3] The large RNA segment, segment A, of birnaviruses codes for a polyprotein (N-VP2-VP4-VP3-C) [4] that is processed into the major structural proteins of the virion: VP2, VP3 (a minor structural component of the virus), and into the putative protease VP4.[4] VP4 protein is involved in generating VP2 and VP3.[4] recombinant VP3 is more immunogenic than recombinant VP2.[5] Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV), a birnavirus, is an important pathogen in fish farms. Analyses of viral proteins showed that VP2 is the major structural and immunogenic polypeptide of the virus.[6][7] All neutralizing monoclonal antibodies are specific to VP2 and bind to continuous or discontinuous ...
Blosnavirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Birnaviridae. Blotched snakehead fish serve as natural hosts. There is currently only one species in this genus: the type species Blotched snakehead virus. Group: dsRNA Order: Unassigned Family: Birnaviridae Genus: Blosnavirus Blotched snakehead virus Viruses in Blosnavirus are non-enveloped, with icosahedral and Single-shelled geometries, and T=13 symmetry. The diameter is around 70 nm. Genomes are linear and have 2 segments, around 2.7-3.4kb in length. The genome codes for 6 proteins. Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the double-stranded RNA virus replication model. Double-stranded rna virus transcription is the method of transcription. Blotched snakehead fish serve as the natural host. Viral Zone. ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015. ICTV. Virus Taxonomy: 2014 Release. Retrieved 15 June 2015. Viralzone: Blosnavirus ...
Capsid protein VP2 self assembles to form an icosahedral capsid with a T=13 symmetry, about 70 nm in diameter, and consisting of 260 VP2 trimers. The capsid encapsulates the genomic dsRNA. VP2 is also involved in attachment and entry into the host cell (By similarity).
Would Someone Please Just Release a Mac OS X Virus Already? For eight plus years weve been told that Mac OS X is just as easy to subvert in the real world as Windows. For eight plus years, Ive waited for the predicted malware tsunami to hit the Mac. Yet, its never happened and the suspense is kil...
InterPro provides functional analysis of proteins by classifying them into families and predicting domains and important sites. We combine protein signatures from a number of member databases into a single searchable resource, capitalising on their individual strengths to produce a powerful integrated database and diagnostic tool.
Product name: Snakehead slice skin on. • Description: Cut from fillet well trimmed, skin on.. • Size: 8/15 (gr/pc) and as customers requested.. • Treatment: with or without chemical.. • Net weight: 100%, 95%, 90%, 85%, 80% and as customers requested.. • Packing: IQF, 1kg, 2kg, 2.5kg, 5kg, 10kg/PE and as customers requested.. ...
B) Degrees of endogenous SAMHD1 within SIVmac239 or mock contaminated cell extracts from 3 x 105 cells were dependant on immunoblotting subsequent polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using anti-SAMHD1 antibody. GUID:?F5E9E6CD-C5F4-4192-8CB1-68B7718C1D37 S3 Fig: Alignment of Vpx amino acid sequences amplified in the K42 and JA4X virus swarm stocks and shares. SGA plus sequencing was utilized to create ...
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Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) is an aquatic member of the Birnaviridae family that causes widespread disease in salmonids. IPNV is represented by multiple strains with markedly different virulence. Comparison of isolates reveals hyper variable regions (HVR), which are presumably associated with pathogenicity. However little is known about the rates and modes of sequence divergence and molecular mechanisms that determine virulence. Also how the host response may influence IPNV virulence is poorly described. In this study we compared two field isolates of IPNV (NFH-Ar and NFH-El). The sequence changes, replication and mortality were assessed following experimental challenge of Atlantic salmon. Gene expression analyses with qPCR and microarray were applied to examine the immune responses in head kidney. Significant differences in mortality were observed between the two isolates, and viral load in the pancreas at 13 days post infection (d p.i.) was more than 4 orders of magnitude ...
218.The IBD virus belongs to the Birnaviridae family of RNA viruses. Two serotypes are known to exist, but only serotype 1 is pathogenic. The virus is highly resistant to most disinfectants and environmental onditions. In contaminated premises, it could persist for months and in water, forage and faeces for weeks. The incubation period is short and the first symptoms appear 2-3 days after infection. The lesions in the bursa of Fabricius are progressive. In the beginning, the bursa is enlarged, oedematous and covered with a gelatinous transudate.. ...
The killer snakehead fish is a dangerous aquatic invasive specie in the United States. Learn interesting and important killer snakehead fish facts in this overview. This article includes information on physical appearance, habitat, behavior and ecological impacts of this unique fish.
A funny thing happened during an electroshock study of northern snakehead fish that live in the upper tidal Potomac River and its tributaries. It turned out that the largemouth bass outnumbered the dreaded Chinese invaders by at least 100 to 1.
I cruised the entire pad bed and headed up river to my usual hot spot but unfortunately the rest of the day was slow and then the storm clouds returned. But all-in-all I had a great 4 hours on the water.. I now pour my own scented frogs and that is what I caught this guy on. A 4″ flipper foot, red/black with sparkles and crawfish scent. Let me tell you he was not letting go. That frog must have tasted real good! He put up on hell of a fight.. ...
Ella gave Olivia the 8 ball which shows up again in 3.12 Concentrate and ask again. 8 is also Olivias number. Sam knew shes size 8, it shows up throughout S2. In Earthling there is a door number 8 right by her head, In Snakehead when they leave Matts house, the number is 4488, in Jacksonville the building number is 2280, in White Tulip Walter holds two molds together which form an 8 as Olivia sits there with him, in 6B the number on the police car was 4738. I played around with it came up with this: 4 +7= 11, 3+8= 11, 8-3= 5, 7-4= 3, 5+3= 8 which is Olivias number. 8 also stands for infinity. 11+11=22 which is the strongest number. 22 shows up in 3.15 Subject 13. Olivia sits at the table when she sees Peter for the first time and 22 is right behind her ...
REAL, right upper lobe, apical segment (B1), posterior segment (B2), anterior segment (B3), right middle lobe (or more correctly - just middle lobe), lateral segment (B4), medial segment (B5), right lower lobe superior segment (B6), medial segment (B7), anterior segment (B8), lateral segment (B9), posterior segment , left upper lobe, apicoposterior segment (B1/2), anterior segment (B3), superior lingular segment (B4), inferior lingular segment (B5), left lower lobe, superior segment (B6), anteromedial segment (B8), lateral segment (B9), posterior segment (B10), 3d, model, .stl, printable ...
Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) is the aetiological agent of an important disease in hatchery-reared salmonid fish in North America, Europe and Japan. It belongs to the family Birnaviridae and shows a high degree of antigenic heterogeneity. However, genomic variations between the 10 identified serotypes have not yet been studied. In order to correlate genomic heterogeneity with the different serotypes, oligonucleotides were synthesized according to the published sequence of the Jasper strain (serotype A9). They were used as primers for the amplification of a 359 bp cDNA fragment of the viral genome using the polymerase chain reaction. Fragments amplified from 37 strains were digested with five different restriction enzymes. Restriction fragment profiles obtained on agarose gels showed heterogeneity not only between strains of different serotypes, but also among those belonging to serotype A1. A cluster analysis of the restriction patterns showed that IPNV strains can be divided into three
Cleavage sites.Two IPNV VP4 cleavage sites, located at the pVP2-VP4 and VP4-VP3 junctions, were identified by N-terminal sequence analysis of cleavage products produced in E. coli and probed by site-directed mutagenesis. They are characterized by the Ser-X-Ala↓Ser-Gly motif. Two other additional cleavage sites in the carboxyl part of pVP2 (P1 and P′1 positions 486 and 487 and positions 495 and 496) were first identified by sequence comparison (Fig. 10). The P1 and the P′2 residues appeared to be conserved as an alanine and a glycine, respectively. The P3 serine residue can substitute to a threonine (cleavage site positions 486 and 487), whereas the P′1 serine residue was notably substituted to an alanine. The cleavage between pVP2 and VP4 was abolished only when the Ala-Ser 508-509 and the two Ala-Ala 495-496 and 486-487 pairs were mutated together. These observations do not prove definitively the existence (and the functionality) of these two additional cleavage sites. However, these ...
Article: John KR, George MR, Richards R & Frerichs GN (2001) Characteristics of a new reovirus isolated from epizootic ulcerative syndrome infected snakehead fish. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 46 (2), pp. 83-92. https://doi.org/10.3354/dao046083
Snakehead rhabdovirus stored in cell culture medium was found to be relatively temperature resistant with ≥ 99.9% reduction in infectivity only occurring after 6 months at 15°C, 6 weeks at 25°C and 10 days at 35°C. At 25°C, virus stability was greatest in the range pH 5-7. Infectivity was less well retained at pH9 and rapidly lost at pH3 and pH11. Stability was poor in serum-free media with a 99.9% reduction in infectivity occurring in less than 48 hours at 25°C in de-ionized water, tap water, balanced salt solutions and artificial seawater. ...
PROPAGATION OF INFECTIOUS PANCREATIC NECROSIS VIRUS IN FISH CELL CULTURES. M. Maistrenko1, Yu. Rud2, L. Buchatsky1,2. This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.. 1Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University, 60, Volodymyrska str., 01033, Kyiv, Ukraine. 2Institute of Fisheries of NAAS, 135, Obukhivska str., 03164, Kyiv, Ukraine. The reproduction of the Ukrainian isolate of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) «Carpathians» in fish continuous cell cultures of RTG-2, FHM and EPC was investigated. All three cell lines were sensitive to virus. IPNV caused morphological changes, such as vacuole enlargements and cells rounding. Subsequently cells scaled from a surface and characteristic cytopathic effect (CPE) of virus on cells was visible. For cell lines of RTG-2 and FHM the complete destruction of monolayer was noted on 7-8 day after infection (d.a.i.). For culture of EPC characteristic CPE and complete destruction of cell monolayer were marked ...
Two serotypes have been identified in infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), a member of the family Birnaviridae. A reverse genetics system was used for generation of chimeras in genome segment A of the two serotypes, in which the complete viral VP5 gene and 3′ noncoding region (NCR), or parts thereof, were exchanged. The engineered viruses were characterized in vitro and in vivo in comparison to serotype I and II IBDV. Our results show that IBDV chimeras exhibit a different phenotype in cell culture compared to the wild-type viruses. In in vitro-cultivated bursal-derived cells, chimeric viruses infected B lymphocytes, as does serotype I IBDV. Surprisingly, serotype II virus was also able to infect in vitro-cultivated bursal cells, but these were neither B lymphocytes nor macrophages. After infection of susceptible chickens all chimeras replicated in the bursa of Fabricius (BF), and three chimeric viruses caused mild depletion of bursal cells. In contrast, after infection of chickens with a chimeric
These pages were created in support of the dsRNA Virus Symposia. The editors also wish to acknowledge continuing support from BBSRC, DEFRA and the Commission of the European Community. ...
Simply ask us ! One of the most interesting features of EVAgs catalogue is its flexibility, please do not hesitate to contact us by using our contact form. We can add to the catalogue tailor-made products on demand, as well as access to plateforms, or services. With the large panel of virology laboratories in our consortium, there are good chances that we would have what you are looking for. If you are interested in acquiring cell-lines, please visit this page: access-cell-lines.. If you are interested in acquiring insect vectors, please visit this page: access-insect-vectors.. ...
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Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is a birnavirus that infects the B-cells in the bursa of Fabricius of young chickens, causing Gumboro disease. The IBDV 114 kDa polyprotein (NH2-pVP2-VP4-VP3-COOH) is thought to be ...
Snakehead fish helps to promote wound-healing after injury and surgery. Get it easily in bottled Fish Essence extracts from Chinese medicine shops & NTUC.
Many of you are suffering from urinary tract infections and using medicines as per their conditions. Is using medicine can cure this disease? Medicine can give only one thing and that is instant relief more […]. ...
This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience ...
Invasive Species - (Channa argus) Watch List - Prohibited in Michigan Northern Snakeheads can reach up to 33 inches in length. They have a tan color with dark brown mottling, an extended anal fin, a pelvic fin up near the gills and pectoral fins. They have sharp teeth like a pike or pickerel.
Methylepitiostanol yog ib qho khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab anemolic steroid (AAS) uas yog thawj zaug tau piav nyob rau hauv phau ntawv 1974 .Nws yog 17a-methylated derivative ntawm epitiostanol, AAS thiab antiestrogen yav tas los siv rau kev kho mob cancer mis hauv Nyij Pooj, thiab zoo sib xws rau mepitiostane (epitiostanol 17-methyloxycyclopentyl ether), yog ib qho ntawm cov lus hais ntawm epitiostanol.
SKF actuation systems offer a wide range of telescopic pillars. Quiet, robust, powerful or with an attractive design, the SKF telescopic pillars can satisfy your most demanding requirements ...
Noisy Pillars (I Should Have Told You mix) - c64 remix by Mordi. Original by Jeroen Tel. Released |span itemprop=datePublished content=1223804494|12/10/2008|/span|. Lyrics: Running just as far as you can.Beating on my heart.Its all he wants, so.Running just as far as you can. I dont want to wanna no more.I cant take, take no more.(x2). I should have told you.You make the difference.I should have told you.You ...
Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is an acute, contagious disease of trout fry and fingerlings caused by viruses of the family birnaviridae. IPN disease usually results in mortality that is inversely proportional to the age of the fish. While many studies have been carried out to increase our understanding of IPN, little is known about its virulence characteristics for some subtypes common to the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Knowledge of relationships between IPN virus subtypes, epitope patterns and virulence patterns could be useful for developing a successful IPNV vaccine. This study investigated virulence characteristics of IPN viruses in brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, fry, using fish mortality, virus titer in fish tissue, and the presence of clinical signs of IPN as indicators of virulence. The relationship between virulence and different IPN virus subtypes, and specific epitopes, or monoclonal antibody binding sites, was also addressed. An additional study focused ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Modulation of macrophages by infectious bursal disease virus. AU - Khatri, M.. AU - Sharma, J. M.. PY - 2007/7/1. Y1 - 2007/7/1. N2 - Infectious bursal disease is one of the most important naturally occurring viral diseases of chickens worldwide. The causative agent, infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), belongs to the family Birnaviridae. This viruscauses an acute, highly contagious and immunosuppressive disease in chickens. The virus infects and destroys actively dividing IgM-bearing B cells. Although B cells are the principal targets for IBDV, recent data show that the virus also infects macrophages. IBDV-infected macrophages produce various cytokines and chemokines which may play an important role in the protection and/or pathogenesis of IBDV. In this review, the modulatory effects of IBDV on macrophages will be discussed.. AB - Infectious bursal disease is one of the most important naturally occurring viral diseases of chickens worldwide. The causative agent, infectious ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Antigenicity of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus VP2 subviral particles expressed in yeast. AU - Allnutt, F. C.Thomas. AU - Bowers, Robert M.. AU - Rowe, Christopher G.. AU - Vakharia, Vikram N.. AU - LaPatra, Scott E.. AU - Dhar, Arun K.. PY - 2007/6/21. Y1 - 2007/6/21. N2 - Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) virus, the etiologic agent of infectious pancreatic necrosis in salmonid fish, causes significant losses to the aquaculture industry. The gene for the viral capsid protein (VP2) was cloned into a yeast expression vector and expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisae. Expression of the capsid gene in yeast resulted in formation of ∼20 nm subviral particles composed solely of VP2 protein. Anti-IPNV antibodies were detected in rainbow trout vaccinated either by injection of purified VP2-subviral particles (rVP2-SVP) or by feeding recombinant yeast expressing rVP2-SVP. Challenge of rVP2-SVP immunized trout with a heterologous IPNV strain and subsequent viral load ...
Dive into the research topics of Little evidence for demasculinization of the Drosophila X chromosome among genes expressed in the male germline. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is a birnavirus that infects the B-cells in the bursa of Fabricius of young chickens, causing Gumboro disease. The IBDV 114 kDa polyprotein (NH2-pVP2-VP4-VP3-COOH) is thought to be ...
The complete genome of snakehead rhabdovirus (SHRV) was cloned and molecularly characterized. This was initially accomplished through the sequence determination of its glycoprotein gene and the phylogenetic analysis of this gene with orthologous genes from other rhabdoviruses. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that SHRV groups with viruses of the genus Novirhabdovirus. The full-length glycoprotein was expressed in mammalian cells to investigate its potential use in the production of pseudotyped retroviruses. The sequence of the entire SHRV genome of 11.6 kb was determined, and all encoded proteins, intergenic transcriptional control motifs, and the leader and trailer regions were identified. The genome was found to encode six proteins including a nucleoprotein, a phosphoprotein, a matrix protein, a glycoprotein, a small--presumably non-virion--protein, and a polymerase protein. The presence of a non-virion protein, which is the hallmark feature of all Novirhabdoviruses, supported SHRVs ...
Looking for selective myocardial cell necrosis? Find out information about selective myocardial cell necrosis. 1. the death of one or more cells in the body, usually within a localized area, as from an interruption of the blood supply to that part 2. death of plant... Explanation of selective myocardial cell necrosis
Does not work either. Also, your mailer destroys your patches. Le 20/02/2015 19:37, Steve Lhomme a écrit : , Heres one over the current master. Ill submit the other one after this , one is in, as it depends on it. , , --- , modules/demux/mkv/demux.cpp , 2 +- , modules/demux/mkv/matroska_segment.cpp , 12 ++++++------ , modules/demux/mkv/matroska_segment_parse.cpp , 14 +++++++------- , 3 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-) , , diff --git a/modules/demux/mkv/demux.cpp b/modules/demux/mkv/demux.cpp , index 1feca55..21618f4 100644 , --- a/modules/demux/mkv/demux.cpp , +++ b/modules/demux/mkv/demux.cpp , @@ -519,7 +519,7 @@ matroska_stream_c , *demux_sys_t::AnalyseAllSegmentsFound( demux_t *p_demux, EbmlS , // find the families of this segment , KaxInfo *p_info = static_cast,KaxInfo*,(p_l1); , b_keep_segment = b_initial; , - if( unlikely( p_info-,GetSize() ,= SIZE_MAX ) ) , + if( unlikely( p_info-,IsFiniteSize() && , p_info-,GetSize() ,= SIZE_MAX ) ) , { , msg_Err( p_demux, KaxInfo ...
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Thinking about what has changed since the 1980s when although IPNV could be found in fish the actual disease condition was very rare. Over the last 2 decades considerable advances have been made in feed and feeding strategies, photoperiod manipulation and light exposure per se for salmon fry have produced smolting fish at different times of the year and much faster (I hesitate to say better) growth. In land-based freshwater rearing systems with the introduction of oxygen injection the stocking density has increased significantly in a number of farms; along with baseline carbon dioxide levels. So it could be argued that salmon in the 21st century are more highly stressed than their counterpart from the 20th Century. A bit like finely tuned athletes walking a fine line between health and disease susceptibility. Elite human athletes often fall prey to opportunistic and exotic pathogens such as colds and Epstein-Barr virus, the cause of Infectious mononucleosis or alternatively known as the ...
Viral capsids are metastable structures that perform many essential processes; they also act as robust cages during the extracellular phase. Viruses can use multifunctional proteins to optimize resources (e.g., VP3 in avian infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV). The IBDV genome is organized as ribonucleoproteins (RNP) of dsRNA with VP3, which also acts as a scaffold during capsid assembly. We characterized mechanical properties of IBDV populations with different RNP content (ranging from none to four RNP). The IBDV population with the greatest RNP number (and best fitness) showed greatest capsid rigidity. When bound to dsRNA, VP3 reinforces virus stiffness. These contacts involve interactions with capsid structural subunits that differ from the initial interactions during capsid assembly. Our results suggest that RNP dimers are the basic stabilization units of the virion, provide better understanding of multifunctional proteins, and highlight the duality of RNP as capsid-stabilizing and genetic ...
According to Seafood Watch, nearly all wild caught Yellowtail, primarily in U.S. waters, is a Good Alternative while farmed Yellowtail from Japan and Australia is an Avoid. As about 75% of all Yellowtail is farmed, that can be a significant issue. One of the most serious complaints about the farmed Yellowtail is the high FIFO ratio. On the other hand, Kampachi, another type of Yellowtail, is farmed in the waters of Hawaii and is considered by many to be a more sustainable choice. There is now a new producer in the waters, seeking to create a sustainable Yellowtail farm in the pristine ocean off the coast of Baja, in Mexico ...
The Northern snakehead (Channa argus), a member of Channidae family in Perciformes, is an economically important freshwater fish with its main distributions in Asian and African countries. In North America, it has become notorious as an intentionally released invasive species. Its ability to breathe air with gills and migrate short distances over land makes it a good model for bimodal breath research. Therefore, recent researches have been focused on the identification of relevant candidate genes. Here, we performed whole genome sequencing of C. argus to construct its draft genome, aiming to offer useful information for further functional studies and identification of target genes related to air breathing, a distinguished feature of this teleost fish.|br| We assembled the C. argus genome with a total of 140.3 Gigabases (Gb) of raw reads, which were sequenced by the Illumina HiSeq2000 platform. The final draft genome assembly is approximately 615.3 million bases (Mb), with contig N50 of 81.4 kb and
To remove the head and tail of fish in possession while at the fishing location, except for snakeheads. The head and tail shall remain attached in such a manner as to permit identification of fish species and total length. A person may take snakehead fish from Maryland waters by any legal means provided that the head of the snakehead fish is immediately removed, or the body is gutted, or the gills are removed from both sides of the fish, or the fish is filleted upon capture ...
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ICTV Report: Birnaviridae Viralzone: Birnaviridae (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Use dmy ... "Birnaviridae-Birnaviridae-dsRNA Viruses". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Retrieved 16 October 2019. " ... Birnaviridae is a family of double-stranded RNA viruses. Salmonid fish, birds and insects serve as natural hosts. There are ... Viruses in family Birnaviridae are non-enveloped, with icosahedral single-shelled geometries, and T=13 symmetry. The diameter ...
... is a genus of viruses, in the family Birnaviridae. Salmonid fish serve as natural hosts. There are three species ... ICTV Report: Birnaviridae Viralzone: Aquabirnavirus (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Use ... "ICTV Report Birnaviridae". "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015. "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International ... Birnaviridae". The Journal of General Virology. 100 (1): 5-6. doi:10.1099/jgv.0.001185. PMID 30484762. " ...
... is a genus of viruses in the family Birnaviridae. Its natural host is the fly Drosophila melanogaster. There ... "ICTV Report Birnaviridae". "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015. "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International ... ICTV Report: Birnaviridae Viralzone: Entomobirnavirus (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Use ... Birnaviridae". The Journal of General Virology. 100 (1): 5-6. doi:10.1099/jgv.0.001185. PMID 30484762. " ...
"ICTV Report Birnaviridae". "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015. Jackwood, Daral J.; Schat, Karel A.; Michel, Linda O ... Avibirnavirus is a genus of viruses in family Birnaviridae. There is a single species in this genus: Infectious bursal disease ... Birnaviridae". The Journal of General Virology. 100 (1): 5-6. doi:10.1099/jgv.0.001185. PMID 30484762. " ...
... is a genus of viruses, in the family Birnaviridae. Blotched snakehead fish serve as natural hosts. There are two ... ICTV Report: Birnaviridae Viralzone: Blosnavirus (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Use dmy ... "ICTV Report Birnaviridae". "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015. "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International ... Birnaviridae". The Journal of General Virology. 100 (1): 5-6. doi:10.1099/jgv.0.001185. PMID 30484762. " ...
... (DXV) belongs to the Birnaviridae family of viruses. Birnaviridae currently consists of three genera. The ... This polypeptide is 977 amino acids in length, making it the largest encoded RdRp in the Birnaviridae family. The RdRp contains ... or downstream pseudoknot that is seen in other members of Birnaviridae. It is hypothesized the small ORF is translated in a ... which is consistent with birnaviridae (Shwed, 2002). The segment A genome is 3360-bp in length. Segment A encodes a polyprotein ...
This class includes two major families, the Reoviridae and Birnaviridae. Replication is monocistronic and includes individual, ...
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is the best-characterized member of the family Birnaviridae. These viruses have ...
It is caused by infectious pancreatic necrosis virus, which is a member of the Birnaviridae family. This disease mainly affects ...
... is a double-stranded RNA virus that has a bi-segmented genome and belongs to the genus Avibirnavirus of family Birnaviridae. ...
Phylogenetic analyses suggest that Birnaviridae and Permutotetraviridae, both currently unassigned to a phylum in Orthornavirae ...
... than families Birnaviridae (6 kbp) and Picobirnaviridae (4 kbp). There is only one species in this family: Rosellinia necatrix ...
... except retroviruses and Birnaviridae All positive-strand RNA eukaryotic viruses with no DNA stage All RNA-containing ... such as orthomyxoviruses and bunyaviruses dsRNA virus family Birnaviridae (InterPro: IPR007100) Flaviviruses produce a ...
... birnaviridae MeSH B04.909.777.123.050 - aquabirnavirus MeSH B04.909.777.123.050.430 - infectious pancreatic necrosis virus MeSH ...
Birnaviridae Permutotetraviridae Botybirnavirus The kingdom contains three groups in the Baltimore classification system, which ...
... es were initially thought to belong to the family Birnaviridae, but later were confirmed to differ with respect ...
Family Amalgaviridae Family Birnaviridae Family Chrysoviridae Family Cystoviridae Family Endornaviridae Family Hypoviridae ... Birnaviridae, Cystoviridae, Nodaviridae, and Permutotretraviridae. These viruses have multiple types of genome ranging from a ... that the dsRNA viruses are not closely related to each other but instead belong to four additional classes-Birnaviridae, ...
Baculoviridae Barnaviridae Belpaoviridae Benyviridae Betaflexiviridae Bicaudaviridae Bidnaviridae Birnaviridae Blumeviridae ...
PDF: ICTV_Birnaviridae.pdf. Summary. Birnaviridae is a family of viruses with bisegmented dsRNA genomes with a total of about 6 ... Birnaviridae: from Latin prefix bi, "two", signifying the bisegmented nature of the viral genome as well as the presence of ... Birnaviridae. Schematic representation of the gene arrangement in the coding strand of genome segment A of representative ... Figure 4. Birnaviridae. A distance tree representing the phylogenetic relationships of VP1 for members of the various genera ...
Birnaviridae]],br> [[Bromoviridae]],br> [[Bromovirus]],br> [[Bunyaviridae]],br> [[Caulimoviridae]],br> [[Caulimovirus ...
Arteriviridae and Birnaviridae) and 2 with species that have been reported in humans but only at level 2 (Asfarviridae and ...
Birnaviridae B4.909.777.123 BK Virus B4.280.640.615.100 B4.280.210.620.615.100 B4.909.204.210.620.615.100 B4.613.204.670. ...
Birnaviridae, Reoviridae, Nodaviridae, Iridoviridae, Permutotetraviridae, Phenuiviridae, Anelloviridae, Arteriviridae, ...
Birnaviridae Active Synonym false false 2648208019 Family Birnaviridae Active Synonym false false ...
94; BIRNAVIRUS INFECTIONS was see BIRNAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS 1994-96. Online Note:. use BIRNAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS to search ... Infections à Birnaviridae Entry term(s):. Birnaviridae Infection. Infection, Birnaviridae. Infections, Birnaviridae. ...
Infecções por Birnaviridae (8) *Mostrar mais.... Tipo de estudo * Prognostic_studies (118) ...
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Nidovirales" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Nidovirales" was a major or minor topic of these publication ...
Double stranded RNA virus, it belongs to the genus Avibirnavirus of the family Birnaviridae, very resistant in the environment ...
The IBD Virus Belongs To The Birnaviridae Family Of RNA Viruses. Two Serotypes Are Known To Exist, But Only Serotype 1 Is ...
Introduction Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus belongs to the genus Aquabirnavirus and family Birnaviridae. By VP2 gene ...
... birnaviridae treat the crapulent claritin is approved for appendicopathy on a TP. The Claritin® family of products offers ... birnaviridae treat the crapulent Claritin is approved for on. Prevent, exercise induced asthma in children Clarinex ) allergies ...
A diverse set of RNA viruses belonging to several families (Rhabdoviridae, Dicistroviridae, Birnaviridae, Reoviridae, ... A diverse set of RNA viruses belonging to several families (Rhabdoviridae, Dicistroviridae, Birnaviridae, Reoviridae, ...
... fish species in different portions of the world are infected with this viral disease which is categorized in the birnaviridae ...
... a member of the family Birnaviridae, infects young salmon, with a severe impact on the commercial sea farming industry. Of the ... Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV), a member of the family Birnaviridae, infects young salmon, with a severe impact on ...
Birnaviridae B4.909.777.123 BK Virus B4.280.640.615.100 B4.280.210.620.615.100 B4.909.204.210.620.615.100 B4.613.204.670. ...
Arteriviridae and Birnaviridae) and 2 with species that have been reported in humans but only at level 2 (Asfarviridae and ...
Birnaviridae B4.909.777.123 BK Virus B4.280.640.615.100 B4.280.210.620.615.100 B4.909.204.210.620.615.100 B4.613.204.670. ...
Birnaviridae B4.909.777.123 BK Virus B4.280.640.615.100 B4.280.210.620.615.100 B4.909.204.210.620.615.100 B4.613.204.670. ...
Birnaviridae B4.909.777.123 BK Virus B4.280.640.615.100 B4.280.210.620.615.100 B4.909.204.210.620.615.100 B4.613.204.670. ...
Birnaviridae B4.909.777.123 BK Virus B4.280.640.615.100 B4.280.210.620.615.100 B4.909.204.210.620.615.100 B4.613.204.670. ...
Birnaviridae. *Totiviridae. *Lentinus edodes virus. *Aspergillus foetidus virus F. *Allomyces arbuscula virus ...
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Sequiviridae" by people in UAMS Profiles by year, and whether "Sequiviridae" was a major or minor topic of these publications ...
Copyright© Thomas Jefferson University. All Rights Reserved.. The Thomas Jefferson University web site, its contents and programs, is provided for informational and educational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice nor is it intended to create any physician-patient relationship. Please remember that this information should not substitute for a visit or a consultation with a health care provider. The views or opinions expressed in the resources provided do not necessarily reflect those of Thomas Jefferson University, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, or the Jefferson Health System or staff ...
Guthmiller JJ, Lan LY, Fernández-Quintero ML, Han J, Utset HA, Bitar DJ, Hamel NJ, Stovicek O, Li L, Tepora M, Henry C, Neu KE, Dugan HL, Borowska MT, Chen YQ, Liu STH, Stamper CT, Zheng NY, Huang M, Palm AE, García-Sastre A, Nachbagauer R, Palese P, Coughlan L, Krammer F, Ward AB, Liedl KR, Wilson PC. Polyreactive Broadly Neutralizing B cells Are Selected to Provide Defense against Pandemic Threat Influenza Viruses. Immunity. 2020 12 15; 53(6):1230-1244.e5 ...
Birnaviridae Infections. *Bunyaviridae Infections. *Caliciviridae Infections. *Encephalitis, Arbovirus. *Flaviviridae ...
Birnaviridae Infections Bunyaviridae Infections Caliciviridae Infections 6 drugs (2 approved, 4 experimental) ...
  • Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV), a member of the family Birnaviridae, infects young salmon, with a severe impact on the commercial sea farming industry. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Birnaviridae is a family of viruses with bisegmented dsRNA genomes with a total of about 6 kbp forming icosahedral, non-enveloped virions (Table 1. (ictv.global)
  • The IBD Virus Belongs To The Birnaviridae Family Of RNA Viruses. (agrihunt.com)
  • Characteristics of members of the family Birnaviridae . (ictv.global)
  • Double stranded RNA virus, it belongs to the genus Avibirnavirus of the family Birnaviridae , very resistant in the environment. (hipra.com)
  • Lots of fish species in different portions of the world are infected with this viral disease which is categorized in the birnaviridae family. (infomory.com)
  • Virus diseases caused by the BIRNAVIRIDAE . (bvsalud.org)
  • Birnaviridae Infections" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (jefferson.edu)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Birnaviridae Infections" by people in this website by year, and whether "Birnaviridae Infections" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (jefferson.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Birnaviridae Infections" by people in Profiles. (jefferson.edu)