Predicted changes in the intensity and frequency of climate extremes urge a better mechanistic understanding of the stress response of microbially-mediated carbon and nutrient cycling processes. This study is the first comprehensive study of the resistance and resilience of microbial C, N, and P cycling processes in decomposing plant litter to severe temperature disturbances. Disturbances led temporarily to a more rapid cycling of C and N but caused a down-regulation of P cycling. In contrast to the fast recovery of C and N processes, we found a slow recovery of P mineralization rates. The functional and structural responses to the two distinct temperature disturbances were markedly similar, suggesting that direct negative physical effects and costs associated with the stress response were comparable. This study provides novel insights into the mechanisms of microbial functional stress responses and illustrates the need for a closer integration of microbial C-N-P interactions into climate ...

Introduction to disturbance: lecture topics. What is stability, how is it defined, and what kinds of stability are there in biological communities? How is stability related to diversity of ecological communities? Slideshow 1284312 by gaurav

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Drifting fronds and drifting alleles: range dynamics, local dispersal and habitat isolation shape the population structure of the estuarine seaweed Fucus ...

Low-temperature anaerobic digestion (LTAD) presents a sustainable, cost-efficient technology for the treatment of a vast array of wastewater streams. However, this microbially-mediated process requires further understanding and experimental characterisation if large-scale application of LTAD is to be realised. The objective of this thesis was to employ a functional-based approach to characterise the microbial communities underpinning low-temperature anaerobic digestion. Firstly, the key microbial functional groups present in end-point samples taken from three, laboratory-scale, expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) bioreactors; R1 (37°C), R2 (15°C) and R3 (7°C) were characterised. Metaproteomics, in conjunction with 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic approaches (clone libraries, qPCR), was applied to record microbial community composition and metaproteomic profiles as a function of bioreactor operating temperature. Clone libraries indicated a predominance of the Chloroflexi (21%) and ¿-Proteobacteria ...

Leibold and Chase have written an authoritative and accessible account of recent research on how spatially organized processes shape patterns of biological diversity over the ecological landscape. This book will be the springboard for future work in this area."-Robert E. Ricklefs, University of Missouri, St. Louis. "Current thinking in ecology is a disorganized soup of ideas, from dispersal and spatial heterogeneity to temporal change, species sorting, and evolution. This book impressively pulls these disparate threads into a powerful and coherent framework based on metacommunities. Its next-generation metacommunity framework could well serve as a launching pad for the next decade of ecology."-Brian McGill, University of Maine. "In this magisterial book, Leibold and Chase provide a conceptually coherent synthesis of the burgeoning field of metacommunity ecology. In addition to deftly synthesizing a sprawling literature on the role of dispersal limitation, drift, and interactions in ...

Most studies of microbial communities in which 16S rRNA sequences are used rely on standard estimates of diversity (i.e., the Shannon-Weiner index). This approach is informative, but it ignores important information about the disparity among the sampled sequences. In this study I used standard quantitative methods of analysis borrowed from population genetics and systematics for describing and comparing microbial communities. Information gained from analysis of DNA sequences provided the basis for statistical analysis of communities in ways that advance inferences about the processes that may govern the compositions and functions of microbial communities. Furthermore, the analytical approaches advocated here make it possible to accomplish broad comparisons of ecological communities. For instance, a comparison of lineage-per-time plots across a diverse set of ecosystems might reveal differences in the phylogenetic compositions of ecological communities that would be invisible with standard ...

Most studies of microbial communities in which 16S rRNA sequences are used rely on standard estimates of diversity (i.e., the Shannon-Weiner index). This approach is informative, but it ignores important information about the disparity among the sampled sequences. In this study I used standard quantitative methods of analysis borrowed from population genetics and systematics for describing and comparing microbial communities. Information gained from analysis of DNA sequences provided the basis for statistical analysis of communities in ways that advance inferences about the processes that may govern the compositions and functions of microbial communities. Furthermore, the analytical approaches advocated here make it possible to accomplish broad comparisons of ecological communities. For instance, a comparison of lineage-per-time plots across a diverse set of ecosystems might reveal differences in the phylogenetic compositions of ecological communities that would be invisible with standard ...

Liang Y, Van Nostrand JD, Nguessan LA, Peacock AD, Deng Y, Long PE, Resch TC, Wu L, He Z, Li G et al.. 2012. Microbial functional gene diversity with a shift of subsurface redox conditions during In Situ uranium reduction.. Appl Environ Microbiol. 78(8):2966-72. ...

ABSTRACT: The literature on the ecology of marine assemblages includes frequent examples of data analysis with no well-defined alternative hypotheses for the definition of environmental variables (independent matrix for multivariate methods). Alternative models, whereby spatial or temporal patterns are investigated, should be explicitly assumed. We present a parsimonious procedure for model selection in multivariate data combined with canonical correspondence analysis to determine the measure of explained variance for each tested model, using Akaike¹s information criterion (AIC) for model selection. The AIC procedure is an effective tool for model selection and, in contrast to other conventional procedures that use only 1 implicit model and ignore other community patterns, it provides a framework for ranking hierarchical patterns that adds an alternative non-disjunctive perspective to assemblage analysis. Hierarchical patterns are revealed as layers in a scale-dependent framework. ...

Miller, K. M. and Kneitel, J. M. 2005. Inquiline communities in pitcher plants as a prototypical metacommunity. - In: Holyoak, M., Leibold, M. A. and Holt, R. D. (eds.), Metacommunities: Spatial Dynamics and Ecological Communities. University of Chicago Press, pp. 122-145 ...

Early Methanogenic Colonisation in the Faeces of Meishan and Yorkshire Piglets as Determined by Pyrosequencing Analysis. . Biblioteca virtual para leer y descargar libros, documentos, trabajos y tesis universitarias en PDF. Material universiario, documentación y tareas realizadas por universitarios en nuestra biblioteca. Para descargar gratis y para leer online.

The team found that their samples from both Maine and the Namib contained a diverse microbial community, featuring a mix of both soil-based and ocean-based microbes. As one might expect, the proportion of marine to terrestrial microbes shifts depending on how close to the ocean the fog is - more marine microbes directly on the coast in Maine, fewer 30 miles inland in the Namib desert.. "On the journey from the ocean to the land, microbes not only survive, but change during transport," said Dueker. "Fog itself is a novel, living ecosystem.". Microbes that ride fog droplets tend to live longer than those that live in ordinary air, and are more readily safely deposited on land. The presence of fog changes the lands existing microbial community, shifting the fogs benefits and detriments for plants and animals.. Most of the microbes that the researchers found in the fog are totally harmless to humans, but knowing that fog is a conduit for microbes does present possibilities for research on ...

The oldest convincing evidence of life is in 3.5 Ga rocks in the Pilbara region of WA and the Barberton Mountainland of South Africa. Diverse microbial communities lived in environments ranging from volcanic calderas to open marine settings. There is tenuous evidence for life in 3.8-3.9 Ga rocks of Greenland, but the record is obscured by the pervasive alteration of all known rock successions of this age and older. Thus there are no known well preserved rocks older than 3.5 Ga - so, no convincing fossil record. The best we can do at present is to infer the earliest stages of life from studies of extant organisms and from theoretical and experimental approaches to the origin of life.. The oldest known macroscopic organisms preserved in the rock record are dated at 2.1 Ga. Their affinities are obscure, but they may have been algae. There is chemical evidence for eukaryotes (nucleated sexually reproducing organisms) back to 2.7-2.8 Ga, and tentative morphological evidence at 3.0 Ga or even ...

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ATLANTA, Sept. 18, 2013-- Biota Pharmaceuticals, Inc. today announced financial results for its fourth quarter and fiscal year ended June 30, 2013, and provided an update on recent corporate developments and its financial guidance.

The Marine Biological Association conducts, promotes and supports scientific research into all aspects of life in the sea. Were working with our ever-growing membership to provide a clear and independent voice on behalf of the marine biological community. ...

The Marine Biological Association conducts, promotes and supports scientific research into all aspects of life in the sea. Were working with our ever-growing membership to provide a clear and independent voice on behalf of the marine biological community. ...

What are fairy rings? Fairy rings are circular areas of abnormal turf growth that are most commonly found on lawns and golf courses where soils have high levels of organic matter, and in areas where trees have recently been removed. Due to their mysterious, circular appearance, fairy rings have been of interest since ancient times. According to medieval lore, they were thought to appear after a band of fairies had danced in an area.. What do fairy rings look like? Fairy rings are rings of grass up to 15 feet in diameter that have a distinctly different color or texture than the grass inside or outside of the ring. Half- or other partial ring patterns occur as well. Depending on conditions, grass within fairy rings can be denser, greener, and faster growing, or alternatively browner and drier than surrounding grass. During wet weather, rings of mushrooms may form at the edge of the discolored grass.. Where do fairy rings come from? Fairy rings are caused by certain fungi that feed on decaying ...

Community Response Ltd, established in 1990, based in the Liberties in the South Inner City of Dublin, provides a comprehensive programme for primary alcohol and Hepatitis C services.. Not only do we provide alcohol services to clients, but we also provide information and support to those affected by Hepatitis C, or alcohol related hepatitis. We also provide a safe and supportive space for family members with one to one and peer support groups.. Community Response has an open door policy for anyone who feels they are in need of support around their alcohol addiction, or concerns over their Liver Health.. We provide structured programmes for those affected by alcohol misuse , individuals with - or at risk of contracting- Hepatitis C, and family support for who people living with addiction in the home. We facilitate groups, meet people one to one and offer a holistic treatment package. ...

A central challenge in microbial community ecology is the delineation SGX-145 of appropriate models of biodiversity which can be taxonomic phylogenetic or functional in nature. is often not obvious. An analysis that considers taxon task and characteristics in concert may be ideal with the strengths of each approach offsetting the SGX-145 weaknesses of the other. Individual genes also merit concern as entities in an ecological analysis PB1 with characteristics such as diversity turnover and interactions modeled using genes rather SGX-145 than organisms as entities. We identify some promising avenues of research that are likely SGX-145 to yield a deeper understanding of microbial communities that shift from observation-based questions of Who is there? and What are they doing? to the mechanistically driven question of How will they respond? is seen as a leading indicator of a general decline in biodiversity in part due to their sensitivity to disturbances in both terrestrial and aquatic ...

This is an advanced course, focused on the theoretical background of population and community ecology. Various topics such as competition, predation, community ecology and trophic interactions are treated in lectures, article seminars and a literature project. The course aims to give a deeper understanding of how to formulate hypotheses, design studies and analyse the data that result from these studies. This is done in exercises, in a regional excursion and a research project carried out during the final part of the course.. ...

Chapter 55: Community Ecology contains external links to:|p/| |ul class=star| |li|The Worlds Major Ecological Communities/ Biomes|/li| |li|Plant Adaptation Game|/li| |li|Animal Adaptation Game|/li| |/ul| |p|This resource is part of the |b||a href=http://www.curriki.org/xwiki/bin/view/Coll_ALoom/BiologyLinksforOLPC| Biology Links for One Laptop Per Child|/a||/b| course which contains units on Exploring Life; The Cell; Genetics; Mechanisms of Evolution; The Evolutionary History of Biological Diversity; Plant Form and Function; Animal Form and Function; Ecology; and Astrobiology. |/p|

Recently, the use of SADs to test biodiversity theory has been criticized because different species abundance models often generate very similar predictions, which can be difficult to distinguish when fitted to species abundance data (9). Consequently, some researchers have focused on other properties of assemblages, such as community similarity (12), species-area and species-time relationships (23, 24), and relationships between species traits or phylogeny and species abundance (25, 26). Such approaches are powerful when evaluating the performance of particular species abundance models. However, because models combine multiple assumptions, attributing a models failure to one assumption in particular, such as species equivalence, is problematic. Indeed, in the debate over neutral theory of biodiversity, studies that show failure of a neutral model (12, 25, 27) are almost invariably followed by responses showing that packaging neutrality with a different set of alternative assumptions can ...

Ribbon bar. Select the Statistics tab. In the Advanced/Multivariate group, click Mult/Exploratory and on the menu, select Correspondence to display the Correspondence Analysis (CA): Table Specifications Startup Panel.. Classic menus. On the Statistics - Multivariate Exploratory Techniques submenu, select Correspondence Analysis to display the Correspondence Analysis (CA): Table Specifications Startup Panel.. Correspondence analysis provides a descriptive/exploratory technique designed to analyze simple two-way and multi-way tables containing some measure of correspondence between the rows and columns. The results provide information that is similar in nature to those produced by factor analysis techniques, and they allow you to explore the structure of categorical variables included in the table.. The Correspondence Analysis module features a full implementation of simple and multiple correspondence analysis techniques. STATISTICA accepts input data files with grouping (coding) variables that ...

Many of us all been caught out by the rain in the past Im sure, whether it be running to and from work or having a lovely weekend of walking and hiking in the

According to recent studies, drying clothes inside your house can affect your health. The increment in humidity stimulates the formation of mold and fungal spores, which can cause allergic reactions in some people.

Biology Assignment Help, Slow moving waters - biota of rivers, Slow Moving Waters - Biota of Rivers The habitat of a slowly moving part of the river is very different from the one just described. Here the water flow is comparatively slow and so current is less. Figure: Slow Moving Waters Organisms

A device for interacting with biota either on a pre-specified schedule or via actuation by remote signal. Preferably, the biota are fauna and more particularly fish. In selected embodiments, it compri

Downloadable! How resources are being used to fund the community response to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is of considerable interest to the donor community and governments. In the past decade, international funding for the HIV and AIDS response provided by governments rose from about US$1 billion to US$8.7 billion; donors increasingly shifted their financial support toward funding community responses to this epidemic. Yet little is known about the global magnitude of these resource flows and how funding is allocated among HIV and AIDS activities and services. Although some studies have been carried out to gather information on the community response by civil society organizations (CSOs), most of them provide only partial information limited to a specific intervention (for example, orphan support) or specific local communities. To address this knowledge gap, the report attempts to answer the following questions: How large is donor funding for

Community structure is one of the most relevant features encountered in numerous real-world applications of networked systems. Despite the tremendous effort of a large interdisciplinary community of scientists working on this subject over the past few years to characterize, model, and analyze communities, more investigations are needed in order to better understand the impact of their structure and dynamics on networked systems. The primary goal of this collection is to showcase the cutting edge research advances on community structures in networks, in order to provide a landscape of research progresses and application potentials in related areas ...

In the Ecosystem Modeling research group, we pursue the understanding of the processes underlying the origin, maintenance and spatiotemporal dynamics of biodiversity across scales, from local to global, and across levels of ecological organization, from individuals, over populations, species, communities, and metacommunities up to biomes. The working group applies a range of methods, including field work, data analyses and macroecology, but focuses on mechanistic simulation modeling. The developed mechanistic models for virtual life can be used for theory testing, improving empirical sampling designs, understanding complex process interactions, and predicting biodiversity response to drivers and environmental change scenarios. ...

We assume that plants use only the solar short-wave radiation, absorbed by the Earths surface, 160 Wm-2. Since plants absorb only 53.5% of this energy (photosynthetically active radiation), 85.6 Wm- , and vegetation covers 72.5% of land area, Aveg « 1.1 x 1014m2, the biota gets annually. Was this article helpful?. ...

JAKARTA, KOMPAS.com - Siklon tropis Cempaka yang telah luluh pada Rabu (29/11/2017) berpotensi memberikan dampak pada biota goa Siklon memicu curah hujan tinggi dan mengakibatkan banjir di wilayahkarst Gunung Kidul sejak Selasa (28/11/2017). Air hujan tak sepenuhnya bisa dialirkan lewat sungai-sungai bawah tanah sehingga akhirnya meluap. Peneliti arachnida dari Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia…

I cut 2 sizes from the Spellbinders 2010 Heirloom Ornament die set. I dusted the smaller one with my anti-static bag and then stamped the bauble from the Creative Expressions Christmas Baubles Stamp Set using Perfect Medium. I dusted it with the copper mica powder from the metallics set. I removed the excess powder with a dry wet wipe (yes I know it sounds strange!). I then spritzed it with some water and dried it with my heat tool to fix the powder ...

S. Storey, M.M. Ashaari, G. McCabe, M. Harty, R. Dempsey, O. Doyle, N. Clipson and E.M. Doyle Microbial community structure during fluoranthene degradation in the presence of plants Journal of Applied Microbiology 117. Version of Record online: 28 APR 2014 , DOI: 10.1111/jam.12518. Complete the form below and we will send an e-mail message containing a link to the selected article on your behalf. Required = Required Field. ...

Compare cheapest textbook prices for Multivariate Descriptive Statistical Analysis: Correspondence Analysis and Related Techniques for Large Matrices (Probab, Ludovic Lebart - 9780471867432. Find the lowest prices on SlugBooks

Jennings, W.B.; Pianka, E.R.; Donnellan, S. 2003: Systematics of the lizard family Pygopodidae with implications for the diversification of Australian temperate biotas. Systematic biology, 52 (6): 757-780. doi: 10.1093/sysbio/52.6.757 JSTOR PDF ...

Abstract: Fresh fruits and vegetables can harbor large and diverse populations of bacteria. However, most of the work on produce-associated bacteria has focused on a relatively small number of pathogenic bacteria and, as a result, we know far less about the overall diversity and composition of those bacterial communities found on produce and how the structure of these communities varies across produce types. Moreover, we lack a comprehensive view of the potential effects of differing farming practices on the bacterial communities to which consumers are exposed. We addressed these knowledge gaps by assessing bacterial community structure on conventional and organic analogs of eleven store-bought produce types using a culture-independent approach, 16 S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. Our results demonstrated that the fruits and vegetables harbored diverse bacterial communities, and the communities on each produce type were significantly distinct from one another. However, certain produce types (i.e., ...

Multiyear comparisons of bacterioplankton succession reveal that environmental conditions drive community shifts with repeatable patterns between years. However, corresponding insight into bacterioplankton dynamics at a temporal resolution relevant for detailed examination of variation and characteristics of specific populations within years is essentially lacking. During 1 year, we collected 46 samples in the Baltic Sea for assessing bacterial community composition by 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing (nearly twice weekly during productive season). Beta-diversity analysis showed distinct clustering of samples, attributable to seemingly synchronous temporal transitions among populations (populations defined by 97% 16S rRNA gene sequence identity). A wide spectrum of bacterioplankton dynamics was evident, where divergent temporal patterns resulted both from pronounced differences in relative abundance and presence/absence of populations. Rates of change in relative abundance calculated for individual ...

ABSTRACT: Epilithic bacterial communities play a major role in biogeochemical cycles of rivers; however, distributional patterns and controls of epilithic communities remain unclear. The objective of the present study was to examine possible environmental factors that affect longitudinal distributional patterns of epilithic bacterial communities in 2 rivers (Yasu and Ado Rivers) draining the Lake Biwa basin, Japan. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of 16S rRNA genes and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with oligonucleotide probes targeted to small subunit rRNA. Non-metric multidimensional scaling and canonical correspondence analysis of the DGGE profile indicated that a clear shift in community composition occurred at the middle reach of the Yasu River. This shift was most closely related to variation in the nitrogen stable isotope ratio (δ15N) of epilithic materials (BIOENV analysis, ρw = 0.512), which is an indicator of the ...

Auffret , M D , Karhu , K , Khachane , A , Dungait , J A J , Fraser , F , Hopkins , D W , Wookey , P A , Singh , B K , Freitag , T , Hartley , I P & Prosser , J I 2016 , The Role of Microbial Community Composition in Controlling Soil Respiration Responses to Temperature PLoS ONE , vol 11 , no. 10 , e0165448 . DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone. ...

The University of Tennessee Anthropology Research Facility (ARF) is well known for its unique history as a site of human decomposition research in a natural environment. It has been integral to our understanding of the processes of human decomposition. Over the last 30 years 1,089 bodies have decomposed at this 1.28 acre facility, producing a density of 850 corpses per acre of land. This project evaluated the abiotic and biotic characteristics of the soil exposed to various levels of human decomposition in order to determine the effect on the physicochemical properties and the indigenous bacterial communities. Specifically, 75 soil samples were taken to determine abiotic properties. A biological matrix was generated for the 40 samples inside the facility based on sequencing of the 16S rDNA gene. The identified taxonomy was evaluated for differences among decomposition bins and taxa. Results of the abiotic soil properties demonstrated few differences among the predefined bins of decomposition density.

The representation of ecological communities as networks of interacting species is currently a particularly widespread approach in community ecology. The prevalence of networks has led to a broad literature that sheds light on the links between ecological network structure and stability, the explanatory role of traits and evolutionary history with regard to interaction patterns, and the persistence and dynamics of networks across time and space. In addition to the long-established study of trophic and competitive interactions, the importance of networks of positive interactions to ecological communities is also becoming increasing apparent. Despite these many advances, it is often sidestepped that each interaction network---be it a food-web, pollination network, or host-parasite network---is but one component in a greater, connected whole. That is, each and every ecological community is actually composed of multiple interaction networks that do not operate independent from one another. Indeed, ...

Read "A novel method to determine the minimum number of sequences required for reliable microbial community analysis, Journal Of Microbiological Methods" on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips.

The topology of ecological communities is structured through the many and varied interactions active in food webs [1]. Direct trophic interactions, mutualism, competition, commensalism and parasitism are all modes that interconnect various elements of a community and to a certain extent, govern overall ecosystem dynamics [2]. There is also a growing realization that there are subtler, indirect effects in play [3,4] where third-party actors can be subsumed to play the role of a bait or a protector. The interaction of direct and indirect effects is most evident in so-called intra-guild predation, a tri-trophic arrangement where a consumer and its predator share a common resource [5]. While ecological communities are often described by the topology of the connections among species, their dynamics are controlled by the strength of the interactions these connections represent [6]. Further, the strength of these interactions is not static. Whatever the architecture of ecological communities, the ...

Here is the best resource for homework help with AS 270.308 : Population/Community Ecology at Johns Hopkins. Find AS270.308 study guides, notes, and practice

Interactions between specific phytoplankton and bacteria affect lake bacterial community succession (pages 2489-2504). Sara F. Paver, Kevin R. Hayek, Kelsey A. Gano, Jennie R. Fagen, Christopher T. Brown, Austin G. Davis-Richardson, David B. Crabb, Richard Rosario-Passapera, Adriana Giongo, Eric W. Triplett and Angela D. Kent. Version of Record online: 13 MAY 2013 , DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12131. ...

Lawcast 193: Sundeep Bhatia, Law Society Council member on diversity in the profession Today I am talking to solicitor Sundeep Bhatia, a Law Society Council member and is a former Chair of the Society of Asian Lawyers. Sundeep is the proprietor of Beaumonde Law Practice in Middlesex and specialises in employment law. Listen to the…

Marine sponges contain dense and diverse microbial communities, which are renowned as a source of bioactive metabolites. The biological activities of sponge-microbe natural products span a broad...

Theres a whole wave of companies whose very purpose is to solve an environmental problem, and almost none of those companies have publicly-traded stock," he continued. "If we want to solve these environmental problems, we need to open up a lot more investment to a larger section of people... There are at least 4000 eco-preneurs out there, and for many of them a $25,000 loan would make a really big difference," said Mr. Winstein ...

The requirements for longitudinal evenness of newly constructed road surfaces in Belgium are expressed in the "Evenness Coefficient" (EC) defined as half of the surface between the profile as obtained from measurements with the "Analyseur de Profil en Long" (APL) and a curve representing the "ideal profile" calculated by a sliding average method. Requirements can be expressed in the gap height measured with the "three-metre straightedge" (TMS) but the acceptance of road works is often based on APL data. When requirements are not matched, the contractor must improve the longitudinal evenness after road works completion. Contractors and road administrations want to exploit APL data fully. This contribution discusses the finesses of longitudinal evenness measurements using APL, EC and TMS. A case study illustrates to what extend the APL data can be exploited. A road section with high unevenness was investigated by APL and TMS, and the geometrical unevenness of the road surface was measured ...

Hello fellow UGers! I couldnt help but notice that the only tabs available for Rehab - Red Water are chords tabs. Dont take me for granted: I am a...

Gradient analysis is rarely used in studies of fungal communities. Data on macromycetes from eight sites along an elevation gradient in central Veracruz, Mexico, were used to demonstrate methods for...

Search "+Network science -Ron Burt -Animal social network -Community structure -Link community +Temporal network -Innovation -Sinan Aral -Albert-László Barabási ...

The diversity of indirect interactions that can occur within communities is large. Recent research on indirect interactions is scattered in the literature under numerous labels. The definition of indirect effects is an important aspect of their study

My long-term interests are in the evolution of biological complexity, such as that apparent in complex life histories, in intimate interactions among species and in species-diversity of clades and communities. My focus is on symbiosis, particularly that between multicellular hosts and microbes. Symbioses are central in the evolution of complexity; have evolved many times and are critical to the lifestyles of many animals and plants and also to whole ecosystems, in which symbiotic organisms are key players. The primary reason that symbiosis research is suddenly active, after decades at the margins of mainstream biology, is that DNA technology and genomics give us enormous new ability to discover symbiont diversity, and more significantly, to reveal how microbial metabolic capabilities contribute to the functioning of hosts and biological communities. My ongoing projects, mostly collaborations with students and postdoctoral associates, include phylogenetic and genomic studies of previously ...

A food web is a diagram showing which animals eat which other animals in a given ecological community. It also aims to show the transfer or flow of energy and materials, such as sunlight or carbon,...

Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) bi-plot to visualise the relationships between demographic and infection variables (listed in table 1). Axes 1 and 2 are

Position: Owner / Operator Likes: Fishing, TMNT, Beer, Charcuterie, Travelling Dislikes: Raw Tomatoes, Bad Drivers, Crowds, Open-Mouth Chewing Favourite Product: Pickled Jalapeños When not working Brad can be found spending time with his family

The present invention relates to prodrugs of pharmaceutical moieties, more specifically antimicrobial agents, methods for their preparation, pharmaceutical formulations containing them and their use in the treatment of microbial infections.

When a juvenile is caught using or sharing an illegal drug, what is the appropriate community response? Should he or she be arrested and charged with a crime, o

The aim of conserving biodiversity is to providestrategies and appropriate management to improve and/or maintain diversity of biota and environments in rural and urbanized landscape in a substantial way

Koido K. (1), Koks S. (1), Nikopensius T. (2), Maron E. (3), Altmae S. (2), Heinaste E. (2), Vabrit K. (2), Tammekivi V. (2), Hallast P. (2), Kurg A. (2), Shlik J. (3), Vasar V. (3), Metspalu A. (2) & Vasar E. (1) ...

We collected modern foraminiferal and environmental data from three back-barrier intertidal sites (Currituck Barrier Island, Oregon Inlet, and Pea Island) of the Outer Banks, North Carolina, United States, which have different salinity settings and a wind-driven tidal regime. The foraminiferal assemblages indicate that a vertical zonation of foraminifera occurs, with several significant site-specific variations of assemblages. The intertidal zone can be divided into two elements: first, an agglutinated assemblage that is restricted to the vegetated marsh and is dominated by Ammobaculites crassus, Ammobaculites subcatenulatus, Arenoparrella mexicana, Jadammina macrescens,Miliammina fusca, and Trochammina inflata and, second, a calcareous assemblage that dominates the mudflats and sandflats of the intertidal zone, characterized by Ammonia parkinsoniana, Elphidium excavatum, and Haynesina germanica. We used canonical correspondence analysis and partial canonical correspondence analyses of the ...

River sediment microorganisms have the capacity to metabolize, uptake and decompose flowing water organic materials, which strongly depend on their metabolic capabilities. The changes of microbial functional diversity in river sediments were analysed at five sites along the River Llobregat (NE Spain), using the Biolog EcoPlates incubation method. In parallel, we tested the potential application of the EcoPlates with preserved frozen samples (-80 °C). Although functional diversity (Shannon index) did not show significant differences, the specific carbon substrates that were used differed between sampling sites. The microbial community from the upstream site was the most active as shown by the highest respiratory activity and abundance of living bacteria, being able to metabolize more labile substrates. Downstream sediment communities showed a decrease in bacterial viability, respiration activity and EPS content, suggesting a less structured biofilm. The functional fingerprint analyses clearly ...

Relating microbial community composition to ecosystem function is a fundamental goal in ecological analyses, with physico-chemical parameters largely controlling this relationship. This investigation aimed to elucidate the impact of physicochemical factors on biodiversity in glacial habitats, with an emphasis on dissolved organic matter (DOM). DOM is a complex mixture of organic compounds and the primary substrate for microbial activity. Considering the variety of DOM sources in aquatic systems, little is still known about the biological release and bio-transformation of microbially-derived, autochthonous DOM. Continental Antarctica, typically lacking terrestrial carbon inputs, is largely governed by autochthonous DOM, making it an ideal site to investigate microbial biodiversity and the microbial formation of DOM. Different glacial ecosystems were selected, with a strong focus on the supraglacial Cotton Glacier stream, to investigate: i) the microbial diversity and underlying environmental ...

A new regional dataset comprising 425 intertidal diatom taxa from 175 samples from 11 ecologically diverse Oregon and Washington estuaries illustrates the importance of compiling a large modern dataset from a range of sites. Cluster analyses and detrended correspondence analysis of the diatom assemblages identify distinct vertical zones within supratidal, intertidal and subtidal environments at six of the 11 study sites, but the abundance of some of the most common species varies widely among and within sites. Canonical correspondence analysis of the regional dataset shows relationships between diatom species and tidal exposure, salinity and substratum (grain size and organic content). Correspondence analyses of local datasets show higher values of explained variation than the analysis of the combined regional dataset. Our results emphasize that studies of the autecology of diatom species require many samples from a range of modern environments to adequately characterize species-environment ...

A floristic and structural survey of the natural regeneration of shrubby and arboreal species of the understory of an established homogeneous plantation of Mimosa scabrella Bentham was corried out viewing, the reclamation of a mined area, in Poços de Caldas, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Nineteen plots of 50 m2 (5 m × 10 m) were used and the shrubby and arboreal individuals measuring equal or above 30 cm were sampled and 1,946 individuals belonging to 63 botanic families were found. Soil samples were collected at a depth of 0 to 20 cm, in each of the 19 plots, and the contents of sand, silt,clay, organic matters, pH nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium were analysed. The influence of the soil variables upon the density of the sampled species was analysed using the Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). A significative correlation was verified among these variables at a level of 5% of probability using the Monte Carlo test. The species Miconia sellowiana, Miconia pepericarpa, ...

2. Study of Plate type of heat exchangers used in Dairy and Food Industry ... The first step in the design of a belt conveyor with a specified conveying capacity is to ..... wet procedures do and produce a concentrated dry effluent which may be ... separate grain from weed seeds, consists of a series of vertical metal discs with. ...

Rapid climatic change at the beginning of the Oligocene epoch is concordant with global biotic turnover in the fossil record. However, while Southern Hemisphere geological movement played a key role in shaping these global climatic shifts, given generally poor terrestrial fossil records, evidence for matching turnover in entire Austral biotas is lacking. Emerging comprehensive phylogenetic frameworks provide alternative avenues to explore for signals of mass turnover or restructuring. Here, we combine phylogenetic data with empirical and simulation-based approaches to understand the temporal dynamics of the origins of a diverse and highly endemic continental biota (Australian lizards and snakes). These analyses indicate that the temporal clustering of major radiation ages in Gondwanan endemic lineages and immigration into Australia is narrower than expected under time-continuous models assuming no overarching external perturbation. Independent phylogenetic dating analyses further indicate that ...

Some Animals Are More Equal Than Others: Trophic Cascades and Keystone Species. It tells the story of the bold experiments by Robert Paine and James Estes, which established the importance of keystone species in regulating ecological communities and the cascades of effects set in motion by their removal. >The following classroom-ready resources complement the film Some Animals Are More Equal Than Others: Trophic Cascades and Keystone Species. It tells the story of the bold experiments by Robert Paine and James Estes, which established the importance of keystone species in regulating ecological communities and the cascades of effects set in motion by their removal. ...

Some Animals Are More Equal Than Others: Trophic Cascades and Keystone Species. It tells the story of the bold experiments by Robert Paine and James Estes, which established the importance of keystone species in regulating ecological communities and the cascades of effects set in motion by their removal. >The following classroom-ready resources complement the film Some Animals Are More Equal Than Others: Trophic Cascades and Keystone Species. It tells the story of the bold experiments by Robert Paine and James Estes, which established the importance of keystone species in regulating ecological communities and the cascades of effects set in motion by their removal. ...

Soil houses the most diverse microbial communities resulting from its ancient history; complex sets of interrelating gradients; and protective, isolating, stable and relatively resource poor environment," Tiedje wrote about the lecture. "Because of the tremendous advances in DNA sequencing technologies, we now also see incredibly diverse sets of genes in soil communities. These genes and their host microbes catalyze vital functions such as nutrient cycling, organic matter decomposition, greenhouse gas flux, restoring water quality, and plant and animal health. While the new molecular and omic technologies provide the chance to understand and eventually better manage some of these communities, the analysis of the massive amount of sequence data is todays challenge ...

La comunidad de organismos del suelo, incluyendo bacterias, hongos e invertebrados, es extremadamente diversa inclusive en los paisajes más uniformes. Los organismos del suelo realizan una parte esencial del ciclaje de nutrientes, actúan como secuestradores de carbono y gases que producen el efecto invernadero, regulan los regimenes hídricos de las cuencas y promueven la adquisición de nutrientes por las plantas entre otros importantes servicios ecosistémicos. Por ello es que a pesar de la dificultad de su estudio y clasificación taxonómica, se ha vuelto cada día más prioritario concentrar los esfuerzos de investigación en conocer la biodiversidad edáfica. El proyecto BGBD en México ha creado un acervo de información pionero sobre la biota edáfica en la La Reserva de la Biosfera Los Tuxtlas. Este acervo se ha logrado gracias al esfuerzo conjunto de diez equipos de trabajo especializados en la taxonomía de doce grupos funcionales. La propuesta del presente proyecto obedece al ...

Pairwise comparison of community structure. The Morisitas index of similarity between communities (x-axis). Converted Unifrac metrics (1 − Unifrac metr

A report by the Economic Commission for Africas Social Development Policy Division (SDPD) on the integration of urbanisation in national development planning aims to strengthen member States knowledge and capacities in integrating urbanisation into national development planning frameworks for Africas structural transformation

A model to quantify species interactions is proposed in the new Early View paper Costs, benefits, and loss of vertically transmitted symbionts affect host population dynamics by Kelsey M. Yule, Tom E.X. Miller and Jennifer A. Rudgers. Below is Kelseys background story to the study: How do we quantify the relationship between two species? When…

As the U.S. welcomes its largest and most diverse group of older residents, insights from ethnogeriatrics specialists at the AGS shed light on health disparities and the importance of embracing culture as a critical facet of care For More Information:Dan Trucil212-308-1414, ext.

There it is! Great Job Tarah! Here is the link to the cover, the AEM article website and the PDF full article on our isolate fungal-Pb interaction studies and communities. Also another article in this issue from Melissa Cregger (recent student in the Classen Lab at UTK) on Pinon-Juniper microbial community responses to precipitation change.

45. Not all species contribute equally to the integrity of an ecological community, with limited time and resources, it would be most reasonable to focus conservation efforts ...

Microbiota is classified as an ecological community of microorganisms that share a specific host. Within the human body it is estimated that there are tr

The female operates by flying from flower-head to flower-head, quickly testing each one with her antennae. If nothing is detected, she will quickly fly to a nearby flower-head and start to test again. The ovipositor is stored in a sheath that is held behind her, and if she detects a target, she will quickly unsheath the ovipositor and position herself so that she will insert it in the correct direction. This unsheathing and positioning takes less than a second. She then follows the unsheathing with a series of thrusts, each a little deeper, as she reaches the target larva. This thrusting might take two or three seconds: this is the opportunity for the shot. So we have to follow the female from flower to flower and take great care to observe when she appears to be taking a little longer than usual to inspect the flowerhead: this is a sign that she might be about to deploy. Thats the clue to get close and be ready to focus. A fast-focussing lens is essential at this point, and I have my focussing ...

James ODwyer is a postdoctoral research associate in theoretical ecology, with a background in mathematical physics. After completing his PhD at the University of Cambridge, James joined the Green lab in August 2007, and spends most of his time trying to solve analytical models of ecological communities. On the theoretical side he is interested in neutral theory, spatial models and traits, and on the empirical side in developing new tools to analyze microbial metagenomic data ...

James ODwyer is a postdoctoral research associate in theoretical ecology, with a background in mathematical physics. After completing his PhD at the University of Cambridge, James joined the Green lab in August 2007, and spends most of his time trying to solve analytical models of ecological communities. On the theoretical side he is interested in neutral theory, spatial models and traits, and on the empirical side in developing new tools to analyze microbial metagenomic data ...

The New York Flora Atlas is a source of information for the distribution of plants within the state, as well as information on plant habitats, associated ecological communities, and taxonomy. In addition, users can learn about the location of vouchered specimens and see images to get a better visual for each plant.

The report provides an outline of recent and likely future urbanisation trends and discusses the consequences. The world is in the middle of an urbanisation process that will cause urbanisation rates to rise from low double digit rates to more than 80% by the end of the century. It argues that this is both a great opportunity and a great challenge, as decisions taken today will affect the lifes of people for a long time to come. The report aims at explaining why cities exist, and what can make them prosperous and function well. It also discusses whether cities are good for residents, for the countries they are located in and for the global environment. The report argues that cities exist and grow because they are a source of economic prosperity and offer amenities that benefit their residents. It concludes that urbanisation is a process that needs to be shaped by policy makers to ensure that all benefit from it.. ...

The report provides an outline of recent and likely future urbanisation trends and discusses the consequences. The world is in the middle of an urbanisation process that will cause urbanisation rates to rise from low double digit rates to more than 80% by the end of the century. It argues that this is both a great opportunity and a great challenge, as decisions taken today will affect the lifes of people for a long time to come. The report aims at explaining why cities exist, and what can make them prosperous and function well. It also discusses whether cities are good for residents, for the countries they are located in and for the global environment. The report argues that cities exist and grow because they are a source of economic prosperity and offer amenities that benefit their residents. It concludes that urbanisation is a process that needs to be shaped by policy makers to ensure that all benefit from it.. ...

Have comments or questions about Urbanisation Culture Société Research Centre? Send us an e-mail and well answer it as soon as possible.. ...

Effect of Topology on Diversity ofSpatially-Structured Evolutionary AlgorithmsM. De Felice - Energy and Environment Modelling [email protected], Rome, Italy…

Elser JJ, Acharya K, Kyle M, et al. (2003) Growth rate - stoichiometry couplings in diverse biota. Ecology Letters 6 936-943. Elser JJ and Urabe J (1999) The

Over the years it was caught once with a walk-in trap, once in a mist net, and four times with a spring-loaded net. Blood was taken from it each time for chemical analysis. A fecal sample was taken for gut micro biota study. Information collected contributed to two PhD projects and other studies. Its blood and feather samples are preserved for possible future use. Locations of its nests were recorded for habitat study ...

Global climate models predict a future of increased severity of drought in many tropical forests. Soil microbes are central to the balance of these systems as sources or sinks of atmospheric carbon (C), yet how they respond metabolically to drought is not well understood. We simulated drought in the typically aseasonal Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico, by intercepting precipitation falling through the forest canopy. This approach reduced soil moisture by 13 % and water potential by 0.14 MPa (from -0.2 to -0.34). Previous results from this experiment have demonstrated that the diversity and composition of these soil microbial communities are sensitive to even small changes in soil water. Here we show prolonged drought significantly alters the functional potential of the community and provokes a clear osmotic stress response, including the production of compatible solutes that increase intracellular C demand. Subsequently, a microbial population emerges with a greater capacity for extracellular

In soils and sediments, microbial reduction of iron (hydr)oxides and consequent formation of secondary iron minerals are important factors influencing many biogeochemical cycles and processes that include microbial methanogenesis. Here, we investigated methanogenic activity and microbial community of a paddy soil enrichment in response to different biomineralization pathways of ferrihydrite, which was reduced and transformed to magnetite and vivianite in the absence and presence of phosphate, respectively. For methanogenic degradation of both acetate and propionate, CH4 production rates in the magnetite cultures were significantly enhanced compared with the vivianite cultures. Characterization of 16S rRNA genes from methanogenic soil microbial community indicated that, (i) biomineralization of ferrihydrite was an important factor affecting soil microbial community structure; (ii) Geobacteraceae was only enriched in the vivianite cultures for both acetate- and propionate-fed incubations; and (iii) the

... 1. Pick a plant and an animal and tell me how these how plants and animals arrive, find, migrate or develop their habitat, respond to the food chain, climate and other living and non living.

The Ecological Society of America (ESA) is a nonpartisan, nonprofit organization of scientists founded in 1915 to promote ecological science by improving communication among ecologists; raise the publics level of awareness of the importance of ecological science; increase the resources available for the conduct of ecological science; and ensure the appropriate use of ecological science in environmental decision making by enhancing communication between the ecological community and policy-makers. Ecology is the scientific discipline that is concerned with the relationships between organisms and their past, present, and future environments. These relationships include physiological responses of individuals, structure and dynamics of populations, interactions among species, organization of biological communities, and processing of energy and matter in ecosystems. ESAs over 10,000 members conduct research, teach, and use ecological science to address environmental issues. ... [Information of the ...

Importance of using multiple sampling methodologies for estimating of fish community composition in offshore wind power construction areas of the Baltic Sea

Central Case Study: Black and White and Spread All Over In 1988, discharged ship ballast water accidentally released zebra mussels into Lake St. Clair By 2010, they had spread to 30 states No natural predators, competitors, or parasites They cause millions of dollars of property damage each year 2

Fulltext - Assessing the Target Hazard Risks of Cadmium Pollutant due to Consumption of Aquatic Biota and Food Snack Among School Children in Tallo Coastal Area of Makassar

1.Community assembly is a fundamental process that has long been a central focus in ecology. Extending community assembly theory to communities of co-infecting parasites, we used a gastrointestinal nematode removal experiment in free-ranging African buffalo to examine community assembly patterns and processes. 2.We first asked whether reassembled communities differ from undisturbed communities by comparing anthelmintic-treated and control hosts. Next, we examined the temporal dynamics of assembly using a cross-section of communities that reassembled for different ...

Novel technologies continue to expand our understanding of microbial diversity and community structure. Metagenomic analysis [10, 45] has previously identified unexpectedly high bacterial phylogenetic and functional diversity. The long-term sustainability of soil contamination requires detailed knowledge of its biodiversity coupled to profound understanding for its functioning. Previous studies with 16S rRNA-based analyses using clone libraries [46-48], microarrays (for example, PhyloChip and GeoChip) [49-52], pyrosequencing [7, 53] and other approaches [54] showed that soil microbial communities are highly diverse and complex.. Here, we took opportunity to explore microbial diversity and its functioning in edible oil contaminated soil using 16S rRNA shotgun sequencing approach. This study provides a comprehensive survey of the microbial richness and composition of long-term oil contaminated soil microbial communities. Upon taxonomic analysis using different approaches (RDP classifier and LCA ...

Effect of Fire on Microbial Community Structure and Enzyme Activities in Forest Soil - Forest fire;microbial community structure;enzyme activity;

In the latter, male movements were restricted, and some birds seemed to skip breeding in their first year, suggesting habitat saturation. Breeding dispersal was limited in both populations, with males being more philopatric than females. Spatial genetic autocorrelation analyzes using 13 polymorphic microsatellite loci confirmed the observed dispersal patterns: a fine-scale genetic structure was only detectable for males in Fray Jorge for distances up to 450 m. Furthermore, two-dimensional autocorrelation analyzes and estimates of genetic relatedness indicated that related males tended to be spatially clustered in this population. Our study shows evidence for context-dependent variation in natal dispersal and corresponding local genetic structure in peripheral populations of this bird. It seems likely that the costs of dispersal are higher in the fragmented and higher density environment in Fray Jorge, particularly for males. The observed differences in microgeographic genetic structure for ...

article{76d93444-52bd-4e4a-9e48-97e8ab47fe24, abstract = {Little is known about the spatial connection between soil microbial community composition and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentration. A spatially explicit survey at a creosote-contaminated site demonstrated that microbial biomass (total concentration of phospholipid fatty acids [PLFAs]) and microbial community composition (PLFA fingerprints) were spatially autocorrelated, mostly within a distance of 25 m, and covaried with PAH concentrations. The concentration of PLFAs indicative of gram-negative bacteria (16:1 omega 7c, 16:1 omega 7t, 18:1 omega 7, cy17:0, and cy19:0) increased in the PAH hot spots, whereas PLFAs representing fungi and gram-positive bacteria (including actinomycetes) were negatively correlated to PAH concentrations. Most PLFAs were spatially autocorrelated, with distances varying between 4 and 25 m. Those PLFAs that increased in PAH-contaminated soil had autocorrelation ranges between 4 and 16 m, whereas the ...