Biomarkers pharmacological. Medical search

Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.

Molecular products metabolized and secreted by neoplastic tissue and characterized biochemically in cells or body fluids. They are indicators of tumor stage and grade as well as useful for monitoring responses to treatment and predicting recurrence. Many chemical groups are represented including hormones, antigens, amino and nucleic acids, enzymes, polyamines, and specific cell membrane proteins and lipids.

Measurable biological parameters that serve for drug development, safety and dosing (DRUG MONITORING).

The systematic study of the complete complement of proteins (PROTEOME) of organisms.

A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on a individual's condition and the usual course of the disease as seen in similar situations.

The determination of the pattern of genes expressed at the level of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.

A plasma protein that circulates in increased amounts during inflammation and after tissue damage.

A graphic means for assessing the ability of a screening test to discriminate between healthy and diseased persons; may also be used in other studies, e.g., distinguishing stimuli responses as to a faint stimuli or nonstimuli.

The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.

The systematic identification and quantitation of all the metabolic products of a cell, tissue, organ, or organism under varying conditions. The METABOLOME of a cell or organism is a dynamic collection of metabolites which represent its net response to current conditions.

Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.

Ligand-binding assays that measure protein-protein, protein-small molecule, or protein-nucleic acid interactions using a very large set of capturing molecules, i.e., those attached separately on a solid support, to measure the presence or interaction of target molecules in the sample.

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

The protein complement of an organism coded for by its genome.

Methods to determine in patients the nature of a disease or disorder at its early stage of progression. Generally, early diagnosis improves PROGNOSIS and TREATMENT OUTCOME.

A diverse family of extracellular proteins that bind to small hydrophobic molecules. They were originally characterized as transport proteins, however they may have additional roles such as taking part in the formation of macromolecular complexes with other proteins and binding to CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS.

A mass spectrometric technique that is used for the analysis of large biomolecules. Analyte molecules are embedded in an excess matrix of small organic molecules that show a high resonant absorption at the laser wavelength used. The matrix absorbs the laser energy, thus inducing a soft disintegration of the sample-matrix mixture into free (gas phase) matrix and analyte molecules and molecular ions. In general, only molecular ions of the analyte molecules are produced, and almost no fragmentation occurs. This makes the method well suited for molecular weight determinations and mixture analysis.

An analytical method used in determining the identity of a chemical based on its mass using mass analyzers/mass spectrometers.

New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.

A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.

Chromatographic techniques in which the mobile phase is a liquid.

The worsening of a disease over time. This concept is most often used for chronic and incurable diseases where the stage of the disease is an important determinant of therapy and prognosis.

Hybridization of a nucleic acid sample to a very large set of OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES, which have been attached individually in columns and rows to a solid support, to determine a BASE SEQUENCE, or to detect variations in a gene sequence, GENE EXPRESSION, or for GENE MAPPING.

Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs, 21-25 nucleotides in length generated from single-stranded microRNA gene transcripts by the same RIBONUCLEASE III, Dicer, that produces small interfering RNAs (RNA, SMALL INTERFERING). They become part of the RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEX and repress the translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC) of target RNA by binding to homologous 3'UTR region as an imperfect match. The small temporal RNAs (stRNAs), let-7 and lin-4, from C. elegans, are the first 2 miRNAs discovered, and are from a class of miRNAs involved in developmental timing.

The dynamic collection of metabolites which represent a cell's or organism's net metabolic response to current conditions.

A mass spectrometry technique using two (MS/MS) or more mass analyzers. With two in tandem, the precursor ions are mass-selected by a first mass analyzer, and focused into a collision region where they are then fragmented into product ions which are then characterized by a second mass analyzer. A variety of techniques are used to separate the compounds, ionize them, and introduce them to the first mass analyzer. For example, for in GC-MS/MS, GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY is involved in separating relatively small compounds by GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY prior to injecting them into an ionization chamber for the mass selection.

A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)

Proteins that are secreted into the blood in increased or decreased quantities by hepatocytes in response to trauma, inflammation, or disease. These proteins can serve as inhibitors or mediators of the inflammatory processes. Certain acute-phase proteins have been used to diagnose and follow the course of diseases or as tumor markers.

A technique using antibodies for identifying or quantifying a substance. Usually the substance being studied serves as antigen both in antibody production and in measurement of antibody by the test substance.

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

Proteins that are present in blood serum, including SERUM ALBUMIN; BLOOD COAGULATION FACTORS; and many other types of proteins.

A disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in favor of the former, leading to potential damage. Indicators of oxidative stress include damaged DNA bases, protein oxidation products, and lipid peroxidation products (Sies, Oxidative Stress, 1991, pxv-xvi).

Therapeutic approach tailoring therapy for genetically defined subgroups of patients.

Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents in the environment or to environmental factors that may include ionizing radiation, pathogenic organisms, or toxic chemicals.

A PEPTIDE that is secreted by the BRAIN and the HEART ATRIA, stored mainly in cardiac ventricular MYOCARDIUM. It can cause NATRIURESIS; DIURESIS; VASODILATION; and inhibits secretion of RENIN and ALDOSTERONE. It improves heart function. It contains 32 AMINO ACIDS.

The monitoring of the level of toxins, chemical pollutants, microbial contaminants, or other harmful substances in the environment (soil, air, and water), workplace, or in the bodies of people and animals present in that environment.

Research using processes by which the reliability and relevance of a procedure for a specific purpose are established.

Isoprostanes derived from the free radical oxidation of ARACHIDONIC ACID. Although similar in structure to enzymatically synthesized prostaglandin F2alpha (DINOPROST), they occur through non-enzymatic oxidation of cell membrane lipids.

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

A major group of unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons containing two or more rings. The vast number of compounds of this important group, derived chiefly from petroleum and coal tar, are rather highly reactive and chemically versatile. The name is due to the strong and not unpleasant odor characteristic of most substances of this nature. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p96)

The qualitative or quantitative estimation of the likelihood of adverse effects that may result from exposure to specified health hazards or from the absence of beneficial influences. (Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1988)

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in neoplastic tissue.

A phenotypically recognizable genetic trait which can be used to identify a genetic locus, a linkage group, or a recombination event.

A cytokine that stimulates the growth and differentiation of B-LYMPHOCYTES and is also a growth factor for HYBRIDOMAS and plasmacytomas. It is produced by many different cells including T-LYMPHOCYTES; MONOCYTES; and FIBROBLASTS.

Electrophoresis in which a second perpendicular electrophoretic transport is performed on the separate components resulting from the first electrophoresis. This technique is usually performed on polyacrylamide gels.

Microtubule-associated proteins that are mainly expressed in neurons. Tau proteins constitute several isoforms and play an important role in the assembly of tubulin monomers into microtubules and in maintaining the cytoskeleton and axonal transport. Aggregation of specific sets of tau proteins in filamentous inclusions is the common feature of intraneuronal and glial fibrillar lesions (NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; NEUROPIL THREADS) in numerous neurodegenerative disorders (ALZHEIMER DISEASE; TAUOPATHIES).

The clear, viscous fluid secreted by the SALIVARY GLANDS and mucous glands of the mouth. It contains MUCINS, water, organic salts, and ptylin.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

A type I keratin found associated with KERATIN-8 in simple, or predominately single layered, internal epithelia.

A series of prostaglandin-like compounds that are produced by the attack of free-radical species on unsaturated fatty acids, especially ARACHIDONIC ACID, of cellular MEMBRANES. Once cleaved from the lipid membrane by the action of phospholipases they can circulate into various bodily fluids and eventually be excreted. Although these compounds resemble enzymatically synthesized prostaglandins their stereoisometric arrangement is usually different than the "naturally occurring" compounds.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.

Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.

A set of statistical methods used to group variables or observations into strongly inter-related subgroups. In epidemiology, it may be used to analyze a closely grouped series of events or cases of disease or other health-related phenomenon with well-defined distribution patterns in relation to time or place or both.

Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder.

The endogenous compounds that mediate inflammation (AUTACOIDS) and related exogenous compounds including the synthetic prostaglandins (PROSTAGLANDINS, SYNTHETIC).

An extracellular cystatin subtype that is abundantly expressed in bodily fluids. It may play a role in the inhibition of interstitial CYSTEINE PROTEASES.

Examination of urine by chemical, physical, or microscopic means. Routine urinalysis usually includes performing chemical screening tests, determining specific gravity, observing any unusual color or odor, screening for bacteriuria, and examining the sediment microscopically.

Mathematical procedure that transforms a number of possibly correlated variables into a smaller number of uncorrelated variables called principal components.

The simultaneous analysis, on a microchip, of multiple samples or targets arranged in an array format.

Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.

Proteins whose abnormal expression (gain or loss) are associated with the development, growth, or progression of NEOPLASMS. Some neoplasm proteins are tumor antigens (ANTIGENS, NEOPLASM), i.e. they induce an immune reaction to their tumor. Many neoplasm proteins have been characterized and are used as tumor markers (BIOMARKERS, TUMOR) when they are detectable in cells and body fluids as monitors for the presence or growth of tumors. Abnormal expression of ONCOGENE PROTEINS is involved in neoplastic transformation, whereas the loss of expression of TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEINS is involved with the loss of growth control and progression of the neoplasm.

Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.

Establishment of the level of a quantifiable effect indicative of a biologic process. The evaluation is frequently to detect the degree of toxic or therapeutic effect.

The products of chemical reactions that result in the addition of extraneous chemical groups to DNA.

Works about pre-planned studies of the safety, efficacy, or optimum dosage schedule (if appropriate) of one or more diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques selected according to predetermined criteria of eligibility and observed for predefined evidence of favorable and unfavorable effects. This concept includes clinical trials conducted both in the U.S. and in other countries.

Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.

One of the three polypeptide chains that make up the TROPONIN complex. It is a cardiac-specific protein that binds to TROPOMYOSIN. It is released from damaged or injured heart muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). Defects in the gene encoding troponin T result in FAMILIAL HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY.

Substances that inhibit or prevent the proliferation of NEOPLASMS.

Peptides generated from AMYLOID BETA-PEPTIDES PRECURSOR. An amyloid fibrillar form of these peptides is the major component of amyloid plaques found in individuals with Alzheimer's disease and in aged individuals with trisomy 21 (DOWN SYNDROME). The peptide is found predominantly in the nervous system, but there have been reports of its presence in non-neural tissue.

A statistical means of summarizing information from a series of measurements on one individual. It is frequently used in clinical pharmacology where the AUC from serum levels can be interpreted as the total uptake of whatever has been administered. As a plot of the concentration of a drug against time, after a single dose of medicine, producing a standard shape curve, it is a means of comparing the bioavailability of the same drug made by different companies. (From Winslade, Dictionary of Clinical Research, 1992)

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.

One of the three polypeptide chains that make up the TROPONIN complex. It inhibits F-actin-myosin interactions.

Treatments with drugs which interact with or block synthesis of specific cellular components characteristic of the individual's disease in order to stop or interrupt the specific biochemical dysfunction involved in progression of the disease.

Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal.

Methods to identify and characterize cancer in the early stages of disease and predict tumor behavior.

Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.

Statistical models in which the value of a parameter for a given value of a factor is assumed to be equal to a + bx, where a and b are constants. The models predict a linear regression.

Carbohydrate antigen most commonly seen in tumors of the ovary and occasionally seen in breast, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract tumors and normal tissue. CA 125 is clearly tumor-associated but not tumor-specific.

A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.

A set of techniques used when variation in several variables has to be studied simultaneously. In statistics, multivariate analysis is interpreted as any analytic method that allows simultaneous study of two or more dependent variables.

A prodromal phase of cognitive decline that may precede the emergence of ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other dementias. It may include impairment of cognition, such as impairments in language, visuospatial awareness, ATTENTION and MEMORY.

Soluble protein fragments formed by the proteolytic action of plasmin on fibrin or fibrinogen. FDP and their complexes profoundly impair the hemostatic process and are a major cause of hemorrhage in intravascular coagulation and fibrinolysis.

Small-scale tests of methods and procedures to be used on a larger scale if the pilot study demonstrates that these methods and procedures can work.

The pattern of GENE EXPRESSION at the level of genetic transcription in a specific organism or under specific circumstances in specific cells.

Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.

Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.

Non-invasive methods of visualizing the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, especially the brain, by various imaging modalities.

Procedures for collecting, preserving, and transporting of specimens sufficiently stable to provide accurate and precise results suitable for clinical interpretation.

The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents that occurs as a result of one's occupation.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

Any visual display of structural or functional patterns of organs or tissues for diagnostic evaluation. It includes measuring physiologic and metabolic responses to physical and chemical stimuli, as well as ultramicroscopy.

The simultaneous analysis of multiple samples of TISSUES or CELLS from BIOPSY or in vitro culture that have been arranged in an array format on slides or microchips.

A type of extracellular vesicle, containing RNA and proteins, that is secreted into the extracellular space by EXOCYTOSIS when MULTIVESICULAR BODIES fuse with the PLASMA MEMBRANE.

The N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of NICOTINE. It thus serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco SMOKING. It has CNS stimulating properties.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

A subspecialty of pathology concerned with the molecular basis (e.g., mutations) of various diseases.

Substances or energies, for example heat or light, which when introduced into the air, water, or land threaten life or health of individuals or ECOSYSTEMS.

The application of discoveries generated by laboratory research and preclinical studies to the development of clinical trials and studies in humans. A second area of translational research concerns enhancing the adoption of best practices.

Mold and yeast inhibitor. Used as a fungistatic agent for foods, especially cheeses.

Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.

Addition of methyl groups to DNA. DNA methyltransferases (DNA methylases) perform this reaction using S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE as the methyl group donor.

Methods used for detecting the amplified DNA products from the polymerase chain reaction as they accumulate instead of at the end of the reaction.

Studies in which variables relating to an individual or group of individuals are assessed over a period of time.

Methods which attempt to express in replicable terms the extent of the neoplasm in the patient.

Any tests done on exhaled air.

Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.

The clear portion of BLOOD that is left after BLOOD COAGULATION to remove BLOOD CELLS and clotting proteins.

Disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.

A microanalytical technique combining mass spectrometry and gas chromatography for the qualitative as well as quantitative determinations of compounds.

Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

A peptide hormone that lowers calcium concentration in the blood. In humans, it is released by thyroid cells and acts to decrease the formation and absorptive activity of osteoclasts. Its role in regulating plasma calcium is much greater in children and in certain diseases than in normal adults.

An imaging technique using compounds labelled with short-lived positron-emitting radionuclides (such as carbon-11, nitrogen-13, oxygen-15 and fluorine-18) to measure cell metabolism. It has been useful in study of soft tissues such as CANCER; CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM; and brain. SINGLE-PHOTON EMISSION-COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY is closely related to positron emission tomography, but uses isotopes with longer half-lives and resolution is lower.

Inhaling and exhaling the smoke of burning TOBACCO.

Toxic, volatile, flammable liquid hydrocarbon byproduct of coal distillation. It is used as an industrial solvent in paints, varnishes, lacquer thinners, gasoline, etc. Benzene causes central nervous system damage acutely and bone marrow damage chronically and is carcinogenic. It was formerly used as parasiticide.

Antibodies that are chemically bound to a substrate material which renders their location fixed.

A fluid occurring in minute amounts in the gingival crevice, believed by some authorities to be an inflammatory exudate and by others to cleanse material from the crevice, containing sticky plasma proteins which improve adhesions of the epithelial attachment, have antimicrobial properties, and exert antibody activity. (From Jablonski, Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry, 1982)

A class of statistical methods applicable to a large set of probability distributions used to test for correlation, location, independence, etc. In most nonparametric statistical tests, the original scores or observations are replaced by another variable containing less information. An important class of nonparametric tests employs the ordinal properties of the data. Another class of tests uses information about whether an observation is above or below some fixed value such as the median, and a third class is based on the frequency of the occurrence of runs in the data. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1284; Corsini, Concise Encyclopedia of Psychology, 1987, p764-5)

Concentration or quantity that is derived from the smallest measure that can be detected with reasonable certainty for a given analytical procedure.

An examination of chemicals in the blood.

Major component of chondrocyte EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX of various tissues including bone, tendon, ligament, SYNOVIUM and blood vessels. It binds MATRILIN PROTEINS and is associated with development of cartilage and bone.

The systematic study of the complete DNA sequences (GENOME) of organisms.

A field of biology concerned with the development of techniques for the collection and manipulation of biological data, and the use of such data to make biological discoveries or predictions. This field encompasses all computational methods and theories for solving biological problems including manipulation of models and datasets.

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

An array of tests used to determine the toxicity of a substance to living systems. These include tests on clinical drugs, foods, and environmental pollutants.

Substances that increase the risk of NEOPLASMS in humans or animals. Both genotoxic chemicals, which affect DNA directly, and nongenotoxic chemicals, which induce neoplasms by other mechanism, are included.

A group of condensed ring hydrocarbons.

The act of BREATHING out.

A growth differentiation factor that is secreted in response to cell stress and in response to MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION. In addition growth differentiation factor 15 demonstrates a diverse array of biological properties including the induction of cartilage formation, the inhibition of hematopoietic progenitor proliferation, and the induction of neuronal migration.

A calcium-binding protein that is 92 AA long, contains 2 EF-hand domains, and is concentrated mainly in GLIAL CELLS. Elevation of S100B levels in brain tissue correlates with a role in neurological disorders.

State of the body in relation to the consumption and utilization of nutrients.

A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.

The study of existing genetic knowledge, and the generation of new genetic data, to understand and thus avoid DRUG TOXICITY and adverse effects from toxic substances from the environment.

A nucleoside consisting of the base guanine and the sugar deoxyribose.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Carcinogenic substances that are found in the environment.

A statistical analytic technique used with discrete dependent variables, concerned with separating sets of observed values and allocating new values. It is sometimes used instead of regression analysis.

The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.

Facilities that collect, store, and distribute tissues, e.g., cell lines, microorganisms, blood, sperm, milk, breast tissue, for use by others. Other uses may include transplantation and comparison of diseased tissues in the identification of cancer.

Statistical models which describe the relationship between a qualitative dependent variable (that is, one which can take only certain discrete values, such as the presence or absence of a disease) and an independent variable. A common application is in epidemiology for estimating an individual's risk (probability of a disease) as a function of a given risk factor.

Neoplasms composed of glandular tissue, an aggregation of epithelial cells that elaborate secretions, and of any type of epithelium itself. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the various glands or in epithelial tissue.

Chemical compounds which pollute the water of rivers, streams, lakes, the sea, reservoirs, or other bodies of water.

Agents capable of exerting a harmful effect on the body.

A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.

An ACUTE PHASE REACTION protein present in low concentrations in normal sera, but found at higher concentrations in sera of older persons and in patients with AMYLOIDOSIS. It is the circulating precusor of amyloid A protein, which is found deposited in AA type AMYLOID FIBRILS.

The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.

A branch of genetics which deals with the genetic variability in individual responses to drugs and drug metabolism (BIOTRANSFORMATION).

A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.

PROTEOGLYCANS-associated proteins that are major components of EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX of various tissues including CARTILAGE; and INTERVERTEBRAL DISC structures. They bind COLLAGEN fibers and contain protein domains that enable oligomer formation and interaction with other extracellular matrix proteins such as CARTILAGE OLIGOMERIC MATRIX PROTEIN.

A genetic process by which the adult organism is realized via mechanisms that lead to the restriction in the possible fates of cells, eventually leading to their differentiated state. Mechanisms involved cause heritable changes to cells without changes to DNA sequence such as DNA METHYLATION; HISTONE modification; DNA REPLICATION TIMING; NUCLEOSOME positioning; and heterochromatization which result in selective gene expression or repression.

The systematic study of the structure and function of the complete set of glycans (the glycome) produced in a single organism and identification of all the genes that encode glycoproteins.

A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

A nonparametric method of compiling LIFE TABLES or survival tables. It combines calculated probabilities of survival and estimates to allow for observations occurring beyond a measurement threshold, which are assumed to occur randomly. Time intervals are defined as ending each time an event occurs and are therefore unequal. (From Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1995)

A mass spectrometry technique used for analysis of nonvolatile compounds such as proteins and macromolecules. The technique involves preparing electrically charged droplets from analyte molecules dissolved in solvent. The electrically charged droplets enter a vacuum chamber where the solvent is evaporated. Evaporation of solvent reduces the droplet size, thereby increasing the coulombic repulsion within the droplet. As the charged droplets get smaller, the excess charge within them causes them to disintegrate and release analyte molecules. The volatilized analyte molecules are then analyzed by mass spectrometry.

A plan for collecting and utilizing data so that desired information can be obtained with sufficient precision or so that an hypothesis can be tested properly.

Antibodies that react with self-antigens (AUTOANTIGENS) of the organism that produced them.

Pathological processes that tend eventually to become malignant. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

Liquid components of living organisms.

Peroxidase catalyzed oxidation of lipids using hydrogen peroxide as an electron acceptor.

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

Statistical models used in survival analysis that assert that the effect of the study factors on the hazard rate in the study population is multiplicative and does not change over time.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Naturally occurring or synthetic substances that inhibit or retard the oxidation of a substance to which it is added. They counteract the harmful and damaging effects of oxidation in animal tissues.

Products in capsule, tablet or liquid form that provide dietary ingredients, and that are intended to be taken by mouth to increase the intake of nutrients. Dietary supplements can include macronutrients, such as proteins, carbohydrates, and fats; and/or MICRONUTRIENTS, such as VITAMINS; MINERALS; and PHYTOCHEMICALS.

Proteins secreted by the epididymal epithelium. These proteins are both tissue- and species-specific. They are important molecular agents in the process of sperm maturation.

A method of studying a drug or procedure in which both the subjects and investigators are kept unaware of who is actually getting which specific treatment.

A CELL CYCLE and tumor growth marker which can be readily detected using IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY methods. Ki-67 is a nuclear antigen present only in the nuclei of cycling cells.

A family of highly acidic calcium-binding proteins found in large concentration in the brain and believed to be glial in origin. They are also found in other organs in the body. They have in common the EF-hand motif (EF HAND MOTIFS) found on a number of calcium binding proteins. The name of this family derives from the property of being soluble in a 100% saturated ammonium sulfate solution.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

The residual portion of BLOOD that is left after removal of BLOOD CELLS by CENTRIFUGATION without prior BLOOD COAGULATION.

An isoenzyme of creatine kinase found in the CARDIAC MUSCLE.

The process of finding chemicals for potential therapeutic use.

The use of molecularly targeted imaging probes to localize and/or monitor biochemical and cellular processes via various imaging modalities that include RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING; ULTRASONOGRAPHY; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; FLUORESCENCE IMAGING; and MICROSCOPY.

Organic compounds that have a relatively high VAPOR PRESSURE at room temperature.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.

Plasma glycoproteins that form a stable complex with hemoglobin to aid the recycling of heme iron. They are encoded in man by a gene on the short arm of chromosome 16.

Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.

Procedures for finding the mathematical function which best describes the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. In linear regression (see LINEAR MODELS) the relationship is constrained to be a straight line and LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS is used to determine the best fit. In logistic regression (see LOGISTIC MODELS) the dependent variable is qualitative rather than continuously variable and LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS are used to find the best relationship. In multiple regression, the dependent variable is considered to depend on more than a single independent variable.

A member of the MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES that cleaves triple-helical COLLAGEN types I, II, and III.

The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents by inhaling them.

Genes whose abnormal expression, or MUTATION are associated with the development, growth, or progression of NEOPLASMS.

A group of compounds that has the general structure of a dicarboxylic acid-substituted benzene ring. The ortho-isomer is used in dye manufacture. (Dorland, 28th ed)

The dialdehyde of malonic acid.

A highly conserved heterodimeric glycoprotein that is differentially expressed during many severe physiological disturbance states such as CANCER; APOPTOSIS; and various NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS. Clusterin is ubiquitously expressed and appears to function as a secreted MOLECULAR CHAPERONE.

Statistical formulations or analyses which, when applied to data and found to fit the data, are then used to verify the assumptions and parameters used in the analysis. Examples of statistical models are the linear model, binomial model, polynomial model, two-parameter model, etc.

Peptides that regulate the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in the body, also known as natriuretic peptide hormones. Several have been sequenced (ATRIAL NATRIURETIC FACTOR; BRAIN NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE; C-TYPE NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE).

Liquid material found in epithelial-lined closed cavities or sacs.

Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).

Investigation of the molecular mechanisms preceding PDE4 inhibitor-induced vasculopathy in rats: tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1, a potential predictive biomarker. (1/311)

Phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4 inhibitors are a class of drugs that can provide novel therapies for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Their development is frequently hampered by the induction of vascular toxicity in rat mesenteric tissue during preclinical studies. Whereas these vascular lesions in rats have been well characterized histologically, little is known about their pathogenesis and in turn, sensitive and specific biomarkers for preclinical and clinical monitoring do not exist. In order to investigate the early molecular mechanisms underlying vascular injury, time-course studies were performed by treating rats for 2-24 h with high doses of the PDE4 inhibitor CI-1044. Transcriptomics analyses in mesenteric tissue were performed using oligonucleotide microarray and real-time RT-PCR technologies and compared to histopathological observations. In addition, protein measurements were performed in serum samples to identify soluble biomarkers of vascular injury. Our results indicate that molecular alterations preceded the histological observations of inflammatory and necrotic lesions in mesenteric arteries. Some gene expression changes suggest that the development of the lesions could follow a primary modulation of the vascular tone in response to the pharmacological effect of the compound. Activation of genes coding for pro- and antioxidant enzymes, cytokines, adhesion molecules, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) indicates that biomechanical stimuli may contribute to vascular oxidant stress, inflammation, and tissue remodeling. TIMP-1 appeared to be an early and sensitive predictive biomarker of the inflammatory and the tissue remodeling components of PDE4 inhibitor-induced vascular injury. (+info)

Evaluation of the antiandrogenic effects of flutamide, DDE, and linuron in the weanling rat assay using organ weight, histopathological, and proteomic approaches. (2/311)

The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently funding the validation of the Hershberger assay as a rapid in vivo means of identifying (anti-) androgens. However, as the assay measures weight changes in the androgen-sensitive tissues of castrated rats, the evaluation of the androgen-stimulated intact weanling as a more ethical model to use in the assay has been requested. As part of the OECD validation exercise two weak antiandrogens, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4 chlorophenyl)ethane (DDE) and linuron (LIN), were investigated in our laboratory at several dose levels in the testosterone propionate (TP)-stimulated weanling using flutamide (FM) as a positive control. In addition to weight measurements (sex accessory tissues [SATs], epididymides, and testes), histopathological assessment of the seminal vesicles, prostate, and testes was conducted for vehicle control, TP-stimulated, and TP-stimulated animals treated with FM or the top dose level of DDE or LIN. The modulation of a novel prostate protein associated with apoptosis, L-amino acid oxidase (LAO), was evaluated in these same treatment groups. Our gravimetric data (supported by the histopathology data) indicated that the weanling assay can detect SAT and epididymal weight changes induced by the antiandrogens evaluated. Inconsistent and variable data were recorded for the testicular weight and histopathological effects, suggesting that the testis is of little value in the identification of antiandrogens using this model. Three isoforms of LAO were identified, and all were regulated by TP. Modulation of LAO by the antiandrogens indicated that this protein could be a biomarker for endocrine disruption in male rodents. (+info)

Toxicogenomics of drug-induced hemolytic anemia by analyzing gene expression profiles in the spleen. (3/311)

Hemolytic anemia is a serious adverse effect of therapeutic drugs that is caused by increased destruction of drug-damaged erythrocytes by macrophages in the spleen and liver. We previously applied a toxicogenomic approach to the toxicity by analyzing microarray data of the liver of rats dosed with two hemolytic agents: phenylhydrazine and phenacetin. In the present study, we analyzed gene expression profiles in the spleen, the primary organ for destruction of damaged erythrocytes, of the same models in order to identify splenic gene expression alterations that could be used to predict the hematotoxicity. Microarray analyses revealed hundreds of genes commonly deregulated under all severe hemolytic conditions, which included genes related to splenic events characteristic of the hematotoxicity, such as proteolysis and iron metabolism. Eleven upregulated genes were selected as biomarker candidates, and their expression changes were validated by quantitative real-time PCR. The transcript levels of most of these genes showed strong correlation with the results of classical toxicological assays (e.g., histopathology and hematology). Furthermore, hierarchical clustering analysis suggested that altered expression patterns of the 11 genes sensitively reflected the erythrocyte damage even under a condition that caused no decrease in erythrocyte counts. Among the selected genes, heme oxygenase 1 was one of the most promising biomarker candidates, the upregulation of which on the protein level was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. These results indicate that altered splenic expression of a subset of genes may allow detection of drug-induced hemolytic anemia, with better sensitivity than that of erythrocyte counts in the blood. (+info)

Relapse following discontinuation of imatinib mesylate therapy for FIP1L1/PDGFRA-positive chronic eosinophilic leukemia: implications for optimal dosing. (4/311)

Although imatinib is clearly the treatment of choice for FIP1L1/PDGFRA-positive chronic eosinophilic leukemia (CEL), little is known about optimal dosing, duration of treatment, and the possibility of cure in this disorder. To address these questions, 5 patients with FIP1L1/PDGFRA-positive CEL with documented clinical, hematologic, and molecular remission on imatinib (400 mg daily) and without evidence of cardiac involvement were enrolled in a dose de-escalation trial. The imatinib dose was tapered slowly with close follow-up for evidence of clinical, hematologic, and molecular relapse. Two patients with endomyocardial fibrosis were maintained on imatinib 300 to 400 mg daily and served as controls. All 5 patients who underwent dose de-escalation, but neither of the control patients, experienced molecular relapse (P < .05). None developed recurrent symptoms, and eosinophil counts, serum B12, and tryptase levels remained suppressed. Reinitiation of therapy at the prior effective dose led to molecular remission in all 5 patients, although 2 patients subsequently required increased dosing to maintain remission. These data are consistent with suppression rather than elimination of the clonal population in FIP1L1/PDGFRA-positive CEL and suggest that molecular monitoring may be the most useful method in determining optimal dosing without the risk of disease exacerbation. This trial was registered at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov as no. NCT00044304. (+info)

Biomarker method validation in anticancer drug development. (5/311)

Over recent years the role of biomarkers in anticancer drug development has expanded across a spectrum of applications ranging from research tool during early discovery to surrogate endpoint in the clinic. However, in Europe when biomarker measurements are performed on samples collected from subjects entered into clinical trials of new investigational agents, laboratories conducting these analyses become subject to the Clinical Trials Regulations. While these regulations are not specific in their requirements of research laboratories, quality assurance and in particular assay validation are essential. This review, therefore, focuses on a discussion of current thinking in biomarker assay validation. Five categories define the majority of biomarker assays from 'absolute quantitation' to 'categorical'. Validation must therefore take account of both the position of the biomarker in the spectrum towards clinical end point and the level of quantitation inherent in the methodology. Biomarker assay validation should be performed ideally in stages on 'a fit for purpose' basis avoiding unnecessarily dogmatic adherence to rigid guidelines but with careful monitoring of progress at the end of each stage. These principles are illustrated with two specific examples: (a) absolute quantitation of protein biomarkers by mass spectrometry and (b) the M30 and M65 ELISA assays as surrogate end points of cell death. (+info)

Developmental neurotoxicity of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants. (6/311)

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of flame retardants used in a variety of consumer products. In the past 25 years, PBDEs have become ubiquitous environmental contaminants. They have been detected in soil, air, sediments, birds, marine species, fish, house dust, and human tissues, blood and breast milk. Diet and house dust appear to be the major sources of PBDE exposure in the general population, though occupational exposure can also occur. Levels of PBDEs in human tissues are particularly high in North America, compared to Asian and European countries, and have been increasing in the past 30 years. Concentrations of PBDEs are particularly high in breast milk, resulting in high exposure of infants. In addition, for toddlers, dust has been estimated to account for a large percentage of exposure. PBDEs can also cross the placenta, as they have been detected in fetal blood and liver. Tetra-, penta- and hexaBDEs are most commonly present in human tissues. The current greatest concern for potential adverse effects of PBDEs relates to their developmental neurotoxicity. Pre- or postnatal exposure of mice or rats to various PBDEs has been shown to cause long-lasting changes in spontaneous motor activity, mostly characterized as hyperactivity or decreased habituation, and to disrupt performance in learning and memory tests. While a reduction in circulating thyroid hormone (T(4)) may contribute to the developmental neurotoxicity of PBDEs, direct effects on the developing brain have also been reported. Among these, PBDEs have been shown to affect signal transduction pathways and to cause oxidative stress. Levels of PBDEs causing developmental neurotoxicity in animals are not much dissimilar from levels found in highly exposed infants and toddlers. (+info)

Current opinion: safety evaluation of drug metabolites in development of pharmaceuticals. (7/311)

Safety assessment of drug metabolites in the development of pharmaceuticals was discussed in January 2007 at the kick-off meeting of a "Drug Evaluation Forum", with reference to the views of clinicians and other academic representatives. Safety evaluation of metabolites cannot readily be based on a single theoretical framework, and basically a case-by-case approach is called for. These evaluations should be performed precisely and an accurate profile secured taking into account adverse reactions that are unpredictable from the parent compound administered in clinical studies and any signs or symptoms that may be associated with the metabolites. In addition, elimination of scientifically meaningless metabolite safety assessment studies is essential for prompt supply of high-quality drugs to the medical frontline. Preparation of an outline concept paper would be useful for achievement of shared understanding of issues of this type. Collective viewpoints obtained in this fashion are also relevant to the discussion on the need for guidance, and given a degree of flexibility may also be helpful for drug development and, in turn, society at large. (+info)

Gene expression profiling of rat liver treated with serum triglyceride-decreasing compounds. (8/311)

We have constructed a large-scale transcriptome database of rat liver treated with various drugs. In an effort to identify a biomarker for interpretation of plasma triglyceride (TG) decrease, we extracted 218 probe sets of rat hepatic genes from data of 15 drugs that decreased the plasma TG level but differentially affected food consumption. Pathway and gene ontology analysis revealed that the genes belong to amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism and xenobiotics metabolism. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that 12 out of 15 compounds were separated in the direction of PC1, and these 12 were separated in the direction of PC2, according to their hepatic gene expression profiles. It was found that genes with either large or small eigenvector values in principal component PC 2 were those reported to be regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)alpha or constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), respectively. In fact, WY-14,643, clofibrate, gemfibrozil and benzbromarone, reported to be PPARalpha activators, distributed to the former, whereas propylthiouracil, omeprazole, phenobarbital, thioacetamide, methapyrilene, sulfasalazine and coumarin did to the latter. We conclude that these identified 218 probe sets could be a useful source of biomarkers for classification of plasma TG decrease, based on the mechanisms involving PPARalpha and CAR. (+info)

At present, novel pharmacological approaches to diseases or conditions are reported at a rate of almost one per week.[3] So far ... Other cutting-edge studies have focused on genetics to identify specific biomarkers that may predict an individual's specific ... Trends in Pharmacological Sciences. doi:10.1016/j.tips.2018.10.007 Kwako, L. E., Bickel, W. K., & Goldman, D. (2018). Addiction ... It is at this point known with relative certainty that the primary shared effects of a broad pharmacological group of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuropsychopharmacology

Biochemical mechanisms and biomarkers of cardiometabolic activity". Pharmacological Research. 113 (Pt B): 771-780. doi:10.1016/ ... Dambrova, M; Makrecka-Kuka, M; Vilskersts, R; Makarova, E; Kuka, J; Liepinsh, E (2 February 2016). "Pharmacological effects of ... This has made meldonium a possible pharmacological agent for ischemic preconditioning. The mechanisms underlying the central ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meldonium

"Pharmacological effects of meldonium: Biochemical mechanisms and biomarkers of cardiometabolic activity". Pharmacological ... A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential". Drugs. 41 (1): 81-103. doi:10.2165/00003495-199141010- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doping_in_figure_skating

Pavuluri M (January 2015). "Brain biomarkers of treatment for multi-domain dysfunction: pharmacological FMRI studies in ... Consistent with this, pharmacological treatment of mania returns vPFC activity to the levels in non-manic people, suggesting ... However, while pharmacological treatment of mania reduces amygdala hyperactivity, it remains more active than the amygdala of ... The literature examining the pharmacological treatment of rapid cycling is sparse and there is no clear consensus with respect ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bipolar_disorder

These epigenetic biomarkers are being considered in clinical use as a tool to detect disease, classify tumors, and understand ... Trends in Pharmacological Sciences. 35 (8): 384-96. doi:10.1016/j.tips.2014.05.004. PMID 24993164. Kelly, Theresa K; De ... Ingelman-Sundberg, M; Cascorbi, I (2016). "Pharmacogenomic or -Epigenomic Biomarkers in Drug Treatment: Two Sides of the Same ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacoepigenetics

Pharmacological Research. 55 (3): 224-236. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2007.01.009. ISSN 1043-6618. PMC 2737735. PMID 17317210. Dixon, G ... Biomarkers & Prevention. 5 (9): 733-748. ISSN 1055-9965. PMID 8877066. Higdon, Jane V.; Delage, Barbara; Williams, David E.; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brassica_oleracea

These probes can be used for biomarkers in clinical trials as well as used as an agent for oncological diagnostics. He has ... "Understanding the pharmacological properties of a metabolic PET tracer in prostate cancer". Proceedings of the National Academy ... "Applying PET to Broaden the Diagnostic Utility of the Clinically Validated CA19.9 Serum Biomarker for Oncology". Journal of ... these probes span from oncological metabolic detection to understanding the biological processes of cancer and pharmacological ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason_S._Lewis

For instance, pharmacodynamic (PD) biomarkers are markers of a certain pharmacological response, which are of special interest ... "Biomarker Discovery , LCG Biomarker Labs". Archived from the original on 2009-10-25. Retrieved 2010-01-27. "Biomarker ... or biopsy biomarkers. Molecular biomarkers refer to non-imaging biomarkers that have biophysical properties, which allow their ... disease prognosis biomarkers (cancer biomarkers), and biomarkers for monitoring the clinical response to an intervention (HbAlc ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomarker_(medicine)

Inflammation biomarker - A 2022 meta-analysis found that supplementation with vitamin D in adults may improve C-reactive ... Pharmacological Research. 186: 106484. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106484. ISSN 1043-6618. PMID 36206958. European Food Safety ... "Efficacy of vitamin D supplementation as an adjunct therapy for improving inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers: An ... protein, TNF-α, and malondialdehyde levels, possibly indicating it as a biomarker for inflammation. Governmental regulatory ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_D

... pharmacological selectivity of the kappa opioid receptor antagonist LY2456302 using pupillometry as a translational biomarker ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aticaprant

PDE3a expression has been described as a biomarker for sensitivity for PDE3-inhibitor Zardaverine in different types of cancer ... PDE3A and PDE3B have strikingly similar pharmacological and kinetic properties, but the distinction is in expression profiles ... Pharmacological Reviews. 58 (3): 488-520. doi:10.1124/pr.58.3.5. PMID 16968949. S2CID 7397281. Lugnier C (March 2006). "Cyclic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphodiesterase_3

... pathogenic processes or pharmacological responses to a therapeutic intervention. Type 0 biomarkers are those related to the ... They can be of several types like body fluid biomarkers, imaging biomarkers or genetic biomarkers. They are expected to play an ... It is common to classify them according to their source (imaging biomarkers, body fluid biomarkers and genetic biomarkers) or ... Though biomarkers are normally assumed to be chemical compounds in body fluids, image can also be considered a biomarker. For ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_sclerosis_biomarkers

Qin L, Luo JZ, Tang XL, Han CG (April 2019). "Identification of Long Noncoding RNA MIR22HG as a Novel Biomarker in Thyroid ... European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences. 20 (11): 2285-95. PMID 27338053. Gao L, Xiong DD, He RQ, Yang X, Lai ... "Identification of Potential Prognostic Long Non-Coding RNA Biomarkers for Predicting Recurrence in Patients with Cervical ... European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences. 24 (15): 7953-7962. doi:10.26355/eurrev_202008_22478. PMID 32767321. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIR22HG

A systematic review of ADHD biomarkers also indicated that urinary phenethylamine levels could be a diagnostic biomarker for ... Lindemann L, Hoener MC (May 2005). "A renaissance in trace amines inspired by a novel GPCR family". Trends in Pharmacological ... Similarly, urinary biogenic trace amine PEA levels could be a biomarker for the diagnosis of ADHD,20,57,58 for treatment ... In particular, because amphetamine has remained the most effective pharmacological treatment in ADHD for many years, a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trace_amine

... or pharmacological responses to a therapeutic intervention." Biomarkers characterize disease progression starting from the ... Biomarkers can be classified on their clinical applications as molecular biomarkers, cellular biomarkers or imaging biomarkers ... Four of the main types of molecular biomarkers are genomic biomarkers, transcriptomic biomarkers, proteomic biomarkers and ... Three broad classes of biomarkers are prognostic biomarkers, predictive biomarkers and pharmacodynamic biomarkers. Prognostic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomarker_(cell)

A biomarker named six-miRNA signature allows effective treatment of patients with HCC and is able to predict its recurrence in ... it is hoped that identifying the aberrant genes and the resultant proteins could lead to the identification of pharmacological ... biomarkers and therapeutic targets". Journal of Hepatology. 67 (3): 603-618. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2017.04.009. ISSN 1600-0641. ... and other predictive biomarkers. As similar research is yielding results in various other malignant diseases, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatocellular_carcinoma

Imaging biomarkers (a characteristic that is objectively measured by an imaging technique, which is used as an indicator of ... pharmacological response to a therapy) and surrogate endpoints have shown to facilitate the use of small group sizes, obtaining ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_imaging

Due to its overexpression in a range of cancer phenotypes, TERC has been investigated as a potential cancer biomarker. It was ... European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences. 24 (2): 526-534. doi:10.26355/eurrev_202001_20029. PMID 32016954. ... February 2020). "Telomere-associated genes and telomeric lncRNAs are biomarker candidates in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC ... found to be an effective biomarker of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000277925 - ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telomerase_RNA_component

Bailey, Clifford J. (January 5, 2011). "Renal glucose reabsorption inhibitors to treat diabetes". Trends in Pharmacological ... Biomarkers beyond HbA1c to estimate glycemic control and diabetes-dependent morbidity and mortality". Journal of Diabetes and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,5-Anhydroglucitol

Pharmacological activation of this pathway opposed the progression of neurodegenerative disease in rodent models. More recent ... July 2014). "A defined, controlled culture system for primary bovine chromaffin progenitors reveals novel biomarkers and ... Several pieces of evidence suggest that in the adult brain, pharmacological activation of the STAT3-Ser/Hes3 signaling axis ... Hes3 has been used as a biomarker to identify putative endogenous stem cells in tissues. The pathway is an example of non- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hes3_signaling_axis

Patient blood samples stored in biorepositories can be used for biomarker analysis as colorectal cancer cell-derived exosomes ... Trends in Pharmacological Sciences. 37 (7): 606-617. doi:10.1016/j.tips.2016.04.006. PMID 27157716. Santamaria S, Gagliani MC, ... June 2014). "Double-stranded DNA in exosomes: a novel biomarker in cancer detection". Cell Research. 24 (6): 766-9. doi:10.1038 ... Consequently, there is a growing interest in clinical applications of EVs as biomarkers and therapies alike, prompting ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosome_(vesicle)

... supports the Clinical Trials Network, which focuses on new pharmacological treatments. It also supports the ... Diagnosis includes epidemiology, early diagnosis, and biomarkers. Autism therapies include medication, behavioral, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autism_Speaks

"Molecular and pharmacological aspects of antiestrogen resistance". The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. ... "The evolving role of receptors as predictive biomarkers for metastatic breast cancer". Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy. 19 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_therapy_resistance_in_breast_cancer

Subsequently, anandamide has been proposed as a biomarker of infertility, but so far lacks any predictive values in order to be ... Pharmacological Research. 80: 52-65. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2013.12.010. PMID 24412246. Cernak I, Vink R, Natale J, Stoica B, Lea ... Rapino C, Battista N, Bari M, Maccarrone M (2014). "Endocannabinoids as biomarkers of human reproduction". Human Reproduction ... Pharmacological Reviews. 58 (3): 389-462. doi:10.1124/pr.58.3.2. PMC 2241751. PMID 16968947. Piomelli D (January 2004). "THC: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anandamide

For instance, pharmacological drug therapy with Periplocin in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, is also found to inhibit ... predominantly exhibit circulating proteasomes which can be applied as clinical biomarkers. As aforementioned, the proteasome ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSMB6

... leading her to the discovery of pathways and potential pharmacological targets driving CKD. In particular, her team revealed a ... she has been involved in several translational studies that have succeeded in the identification of novel biomarkers (of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabiola_Terzi

... with blood biomarker data suggesting possible loss of safety concerns of the corticosteroid class In Phase 2a dose-ranging ... Pharmacological Research. 136: 140-150. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2018.09.007. PMC 6218284. PMID 30219580. Hoffman, Eric P.; Schwartz ... and showed blood biomarker data consistent with a myofiber membrane stabilization and anti-inflammatory effects, and possible ... Week 2 changes of proinflammatory PD biomarkers showed exposure-dependent decreases. The E50 was 260 ng·h/mL for insulin-like ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vamorolone

Ferrari MD, Saxena PR (June 1993). "On serotonin and migraine: a clinical and pharmacological review". Cephalalgia. 13 (3): 151 ... Edvinsson L (2006). "Neuronal signal substances as biomarkers of migraine". Headache. 46 (7): 1088-94. doi:10.1111/j.1526- ... The mammalian calcitonin gene-related peptides, adrenomedullin, amylin, and calcitonin receptors". Pharmacological Reviews. 54 ... Pharmacological Research. 111: 592-599. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2016.07.015. PMID 27438459. Wang W, Wang EQ, Balthasar JP (November ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcitonin_gene-related_peptide

Morton IK, Hall JM (1999). Concise Dictionary of Pharmacological Agents: Properties and Synonyms. Springer. p. 227. ISBN 978-0- ... January 1998). "Aromatase inhibitors as potential cancer chemopreventives". Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention. 7 (1 ... Minamestane Macdonald F (1997). Dictionary of Pharmacological Agents. CRC Press. p. 1635. ISBN 978-0-412-46630-4. Retrieved 19 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plomestane

Bardelli's team tweaked the clonal evolution of the tumour, via a pharmacological intervention, to provoke the persistent ... These findings have been rapidly translated into clinically applicable predictive biomarkers, which represent the first example ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberto_Bardelli

Supportive diagnostic biomarkers (from PET, SPECT, CT, or MRI brain imaging studies or EEG monitoring) are: lack of damage to ... November 2018). "Non-pharmacological interventions for Lewy body dementia: a systematic review". Psychol Med (Review). 48 (11 ... The indicative diagnostic biomarkers are: reduced dopamine transporter uptake in the basal ganglia shown on PET or SPECT ... Decline may be more rapid when the APOE gene is present, or when AD-or its biomarkers-is also present. The severity of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dementia_with_Lewy_bodies

Pharmacological Reviews. 58 (4): 782-797. doi:10.1124/pr.58.4.9. PMID 17132855. S2CID 28626145. [Free full text] Rhen T, ... "Placental Exosomes as Early Biomarker of Preeclampsia: Potential Role of Exosomal MicroRNAs Across Gestation". The Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucocorticoid_receptor

Sabioni, Pamela; Le Foll, Bernard (2018). "Psychosocial and pharmacological interventions for the treatment of cannabis use ... Biomarkers & Prevention. 8 (12): 1071-8. PMID 10613339. "Public opinion on drugs and drug policy". Fact Research Guide. Easton ... often unpredictable concentrations of THC and other cannabinoids and hundreds of other molecules that have a pharmacological ... among populations of HIV-positive and HIV-negative adults found that smoke-related carcinogenic toxicants and biomarkers ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_of_cannabis

Ross RA (Mar 2009). "The enigmatic pharmacology of GPR55". Trends in Pharmacological Sciences. 30 (3): 156-63. doi:10.1016/j. ... in cancer and opens the possibility of considering this orphan receptor as a new therapeutic target and potential biomarker in ... Trends in Pharmacological Sciences. 27 (1): 1-4. doi:10.1016/j.tips.2005.11.003. PMID 16318877. Johns DG, Behm DJ, Walker DJ, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPR55

Pharmacological treatment includes PDE-5 inhibitors such as viagra or cialis, or injectable intracavernous drugs injected ... November 2014). "The heritability of prostate cancer in the Nordic Twin Study of Cancer". Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & ... Biomarkers & Prevention. 12 (7): 665-668. PMID 12869409. Potosky AL, Miller BA, Albertsen PC, Kramer BS (February 1995). "The ... biomarker". International Braz J Urol. 36 (6): 665-8, discussion 669. doi:10.1590/S1677-55382010000600003. PMID 21176272. "Does ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostate_cancer

... predictive biomarkers and novel targets. She is an expert on early clinical trials and a member of the American Association for ... Characterization of SMARCB1-Altered Soft Tissue Sarcomas in Response to Pharmacological HDAC Inhibition". www.theses.fr. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophie_Postel-Vinay

1999). Dictionary of pharmacological agents (1st ed.). London: Chapman & Hall. ISBN 978-0-412-46630-4. Tan X, Machmuller MB, ... although its use as a biomarker in clinical practice is not recommended. Current researchers are looking into the increase of ... its concentration in the bloodstream is used by diagnosticians as a biomarker in helping determine diagnoses such as hepatitis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaline_phosphatase

In doing so, neuroimmunology contributes to development of new pharmacological treatments for several neurological conditions. ... discovery of environmental stressors that dictate initiation of specific neurological disorders and specific disease biomarkers ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroimmunology

Indeed, pharmacological inhibition of global methylation in species ranging from human, mouse, fish, fly, round worm, plant, ... an introduction to the biology and the disease-associated changes of a promising biomarker". Mol Biotechnol. 44 (1): 71-81. doi ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylation

"CRUK MI Cancer Biomarker Centre". www.cruk.manchester.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 2019-12-09. Retrieved 2020-07-14. " ... "Professor Caroline Dive" Archived 2019-03-07 at the Wayback Machine, British Pharmacological Society Anon (2017). "Professor ... a Fellow of the British Pharmacological Society in 2012 and a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences in 2015. She was ... Director of the CRUK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre and co-director of the CRUK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline_Dive

An ADHD biomarker review also indicated that urinary phenethylamine levels could be a diagnostic biomarker for ADHD. Thirty ... Because of the pharmacological relationship between phenethylamine and amphetamine, the original paper and both reviews suggest ... Similarly, urinary biogenic trace amine PEA levels could be a biomarker for the diagnosis of ADHD,20,57,58 for treatment ... Lindemann L, Hoener MC (May 2005). "A renaissance in trace amines inspired by a novel GPCR family". Trends in Pharmacological ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenethylamine

In cancer biomarker studies, the neprilysin gene is often referred to as CD10 or CALLA. In some types of cancer, such as ... Venugopal J (2003). "Pharmacological modulation of the natriuretic peptide system". Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents. 13 ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neprilysin

As such, other biomarkers should be measured to corroborate findings. Measurement of 5' nucleosidase levels may be used to ... novel pharmacological treatments have been considered. For patients with primary biliary cholangitis, current guidelines ... After determination using biomarkers, a variety of imaging studies may be used to differentiate between intrahepatic or ... McGill MR (2016-12-15). "The past and present of serum aminotransferases and the future of liver injury biomarkers". EXCLI ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholestasis

As such, pharmacological inhibition of prostaglandin E 2 production by synthetic minor prenylated chalcones and flavonoids has ... Biomarkers & Prevention. 17 (12): 3567-72. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-0548. PMC 2664299. PMID 19064572. Chaudhry UA, Dore S ( ... Genetic Testing and Molecular Biomarkers. 13 (2): 223-6. doi:10.1089/gtmb.2008.0111. PMID 19371221. Mattila S, Tuominen H, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPGES-2

Both inflammatory markers are also biomarkers of PD and found to be an increased level after daily activities, such as ... Pharmacological Research. 63 (2): 114-20. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2010.12.003. PMID 21182947. . Liviu Steier, Silvia Dias de ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodontal_disease

Recent pharmacological and biochemical studies have proposed that survival and lethal autophagy can be distinguished by the ... perspective on biomarkers and targeted therapies". Apoptosis. 23 (2): 93-112. doi:10.1007/s10495-018-1440-4. PMID 29322476. ... Varisli L, Cen O, Vlahopoulos S (March 2020). "Dissecting pharmacological effects of chloroquine in cancer treatment: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autophagy

Biomarker research suggests that the lack of androgenic activity of CPA and absence of unfavorable effects on blood lipids may ... Neumann F, Kalmus J (1991). "Cyproterone acetate in the treatment of sexual disorders: pharmacological base and clinical ... Nelson ER, Wardell SE, McDonnell DP (March 2013). "The molecular mechanisms underlying the pharmacological actions of estrogens ... differences in their pharmacological properties, intracellular actions, and clinical effects". Endocr. Rev. 34 (2): 171-208. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Side_effects_of_cyproterone_acetate

Sugary and high-fat food have both been shown to increase the expression of ΔFosB, an addiction biomarker, in the D1-type ... McElroy SL, Guerdjikova AI, Mori N, O'Melia AM (2012). "Pharmacological management of binge eating disorder: current and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_addiction

SNAP-25 can be used as a biomarker in the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) of patients exhibiting different variations of ... a comparative review of biochemical and pharmacological actions". European Journal of Neurology. 8 Suppl 5: 21-9. doi:10.1046/j ... November 2014). "SNAP-25 is a promising novel cerebrospinal fluid biomarker for synapse degeneration in Alzheimer's disease". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SNAP25

Marcucci G, Mrózek K, Bloomfield CD (January 2005). "Molecular heterogeneity and prognostic biomarkers in adults with acute ... Potluri S, Coleman D, Bonifer C (2018). "Pharmacological inhibition of aberrant transcription factor complexes in inversion 16 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AI-10-49

... and as a potential biomarker in the progression of the disease, which suggests that leptin, as well as regulation and ... There are nutritional supplements and pharmacological agents capable of directing these factors and improving both conditions.[ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptin

Treatments can be classified in two main subtypes: pharmacological and non-pharmacological. Pharmacological treatments vary ... since the discovery of anti-AQP4 and anti-MOG biomarkers it is not. Now TM is considered an indicator of neuromyelitis optica, ... Non pharmacological treatments involve the use of pelvic floor muscle training, stimulation, biofeedback, pessaries, bladder ... Cervetto L, Demontis GC, Gargini C (February 2007). "Cellular mechanisms underlying the pharmacological induction of phosphenes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_sclerosis_signs_and_symptoms

Conceptually then pharmacological activation of KOR can have marked effects in any of the psychiatric disorders (depression, ... on a neuroendocrine biomarker assay in nonhuman primates with high kappa-receptor homology to humans" (PDF). The Journal of ... Rothman RB, France CP, Bykov V, De Costa BR, Jacobson AE, Woods JH, Rice KC (August 1989). "Pharmacological activities of ... Pan ZZ (March 1998). "mu-Opposing actions of the kappa-opioid receptor". Trends in Pharmacological Sciences. 19 (3): 94-8. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Κ-opioid_receptor

Optimum design of drug labelling is an essential pharmacological goal which helps eradicate adverse events such as withdrawal ... U.S. Food and Drug Administration (5 February 2020). "Table of Pharmacogenomic Biomarkers in Drug Labeling". FDA. (All articles ... The application of PPK became ubiquitous, particularly in pharmacological agents with narrow therapeutic index such as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_labelling

Multiple studies have compared pharmacological rate and rhythm strategies but have failed to identify a superior therapy, a ... Are Biomarkers the Solution to This Elusive Arrhythmia?". Biomed Res Int. 2015: 910267. doi:10.1155/2015/910267. PMC 4502272. ... a biomarker indicating neuroaxonal injury. Several mechanisms for this association have been proposed, including silent small ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrial_fibrillation

Biomarkers by metabolomics screening. *. Haroon Arshad. Biomarkers for infectious diseases and evaluation of vaccine response ... Pharmacological evaluation of Lavandula stoechas.pdf. Pharmacological Evaluation of Lavandula stoechas L. for Ethanol-induced ... Pharmacological evaluation of Lavandula stoechas.pdf. Pharmacological Evaluation of Lavandula stoechas L. for Ethanol-induced ... Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the pharmacological potential of Lavandula stoechas L. extracts for anti-ulcer activity, and ...

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344108661_Pharmacological_Evaluation_of_Lavandula_stoechas_L_for_Ethanol-induced_Gastric_Mucosal_Ulce

Non-pharmacological treatment-related changes of molecular biomarkers in major depressive Non-pharmacological treatment-related ... However, little is known regarding the effect of non-pharmacological treatments (NPTs) on candidate molecular biomarker levels ... Major depressive disorder; Biomarkers; Non-pharmacological treatment; Cognitive behavioral therapy; Non-invasive brain ... regardless of add-on pharmacological treatment. Conclusions:. NTFs are candidate biomarkers to fine-tune NIBS for MDD treatment ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/resource/pt/ibc-218530

Biomarkers, Pharmacological / metabolism * Carcinogenesis / drug effects * Carcinogenesis / genetics * Carcinogenesis / ... signatures from GEM models identified treatment-responsive genes in human prostate cancer that are potential biomarkers of ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26387954/

Overall, RSfMRI-derived biomarkers seem to be sensitive to spatiotemporal dynamics of drug interactions with the brain. However ... Common biomarkers in these studies include functional connectivity, graph metrics, cerebral blood flow and the amplitude and ... This review aims to bridge between technical and clinical researchers who seek reliable neuroimaging biomarkers for studying ... Experimental designs and objectives include drug fingerprinting dose-response evaluation, biomarker validation and calibration ...

https://www.win.ox.ac.uk/publications/679731

Biomarker discovery (including digital biomarkers). Bio-resource. Novel non-pharmacological therapeutics. Expertise. Sjogrens ... Hackett K, Deane K, Rapley T, Deary V, Bowman S, Price E, Newton J, Ng W-F. Identifying Targets for a Non-Pharmacological ... Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Primary Sjogrens Syndrome: A Systematic Review of the Evidence. In: EULAR: The Annual ... Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Primary Sjögrens Syndrome: A Systematic Review of the Evidence. In: Annual European ...

https://www.ncl.ac.uk/medical-sciences/people/profile/wan-faing.html

Biomarker development for clinical neuroscience *Connectomics and resting-state functional connectivity We participate in the ... Methods for pharmacological FMRI (phFMRI) *Neural networks, data mining and statistical pattern recognition for neuroimaging ...

https://www.ru.nl/donders/research/theme-4-neural-computation-neurotechnology/research-groups-theme-4/statistics-imaging-neuroscience/

CONCLUSIONS:PLR may be applied as a new biomarker for predicting and diagnosing RA and RA-ILD and for distinguishing RA-ILD ... as biomarkers in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD ... A Review of the Potential Roles of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Pharmacological Approaches for the Man... DOI :10.12659/ ... Platelet/Lymphocyte, Lymphocyte/Monocyte, and Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratios as Biomarkers in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis ...

https://medscimonit.com/reprintOrder/index/idArt/916583

The effect of Curcuma longa on inflammatory mediators and immunological, oxidant, and antioxidant biomarkers in asthmatic rats. ... Pharmacological Actions : Anti-Asthmatic Agents, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, NF-kappaB Inhibitor. Additional Keywords : Plant ... Pharmacological Actions : Anti-Asthmatic Agents, Anti-Inflammatory Agents. Additional Keywords : Natural Substances Versus ... Pharmacological Actions : Analgesics, Anti-Asthmatic Agents, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Anti-Ulcer Agents, Anticonvulsants, ...

https://greenmedinfo.com/pharmacological-action/anti-asthmatic-agents

Many researchers have now focused their efforts on developing biomarkers for depression-tests for aspects of a patients ... Should she try one very different from his current medication? Or one in the same pharmacological class? One with a single ... Conceptual Model of Future Role of Biomarkers. How might all of these biomarkers relate to the treatment of Mr. S.? Lets go ... with a significant part of the effort focusing on development of biomarkers for depression. A biomarker is a measurable ...

https://dana.org/article/biomarkers-and-the-future-of-treatment-for-depression/

2006) Pharmacological and molecular enhancement of learning in aging and Alzheimers disease. J Physiol Paris 99:180-192. ... Estradiol Reverses a Calcium-Related Biomarker of Brain Aging in Female Rats. Lawrence D. Brewer, Amy L. S. Dowling, Meredith A ... 2006) Early and simultaneous emergence of multiple hippocampal biomarkers of aging is mediated by Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release. J ... Ca2+-related biomarkers of aging may also be targets of E2 action. For example, E2 reduces the AHP and facilitates LTCC- ...

https://www.jneurosci.org/content/29/19/6058

Cytokines and haemostatic biomarkers remained associated with nephropathy after adjustments (use of statin, acetylsalicylic ... and IL-10 significantly correlated with haemostatic biomarkers. Inflammatory and hypercoagulability status are associated with ... This study aimed at investigating the association between haemostatic biomarkers, proinflammatory, and anti-inflammatory ... There are few available pharmacological therapies for treatment of renal disease [4]. Therefore, it is very important to study ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jdr/2016/2315260/

Outcomes for COPD pharmacological trials: from lung function to biomarkers. Eur Respir J 2008;31:416-69.doi:10.1183/ ... to standard pharmacological therapy. PR is a non-pharmacological intervention known to help manage and improve respiratory ...

https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/12/4/e055513?ijkey=43d7b8fb2e50466955a79d955a81cf7574373356&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

Effects of non-pharmacological interventions on inflammatory biomarker expression in patients with fibromyalgia: a systematic ... Fibromyalgia: combining pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches to treating the person, not just the pain. J Pain. ... Pharmacological treatment of fibromyalgia and other chronic musculoskeletal pain. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2007 Jun. 21(3 ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/329838-18843/what-is-the-international-prevalence-of-fibromyalgia

Statement 3: Use of Physiological Biomarkers. Statement 4: Assessment of Co-Occurring Conditions. Statement 5: Determination of ... The American Psychiatric Association Practice Guideline for the Pharmacological Treatment of Patients With Alcohol Use Disorder ... The guideline focuses specifically on evidence-based pharmacological treatments for AUD in outpatient settings and includes ... The American Psychiatric Association Practice Guideline for the Pharmacological Treatment of Patients With Alcohol Use Disorder ...

https://appi.org/Products/APA-Practice-Guidelines/American-Psychiatric-Association-Practice-Guid-

https://www.appi.org/Products/APA-Practice-Guidelines/American-Psychiatric-Association-Practice-Guid-

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/329838-overview

Biomarkers in bipolar disorder: a positional paper from the International Society for Bipolar Disorders Biomarkers Task Force. ... Patterns of pharmacological maintenance treatment in a community mental health services bipolar disorder cohort study (SIN- ... Moreover, there are currently no valid biomarkers for the disorder. Therefore, the role of clinical assessment remains key. ... Polarity index of pharmacological agents used for maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder. ...

https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/piiS0140-6736

... and its chief pharmacological target, vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR), plus age and sex as covariates, at best the effective ... In a review of 261 biomarkers for adverse drug reactions, only 14 (5%) were listed as being covered by all six US insurers, and ... Jeffrey Aronson: When I use a word . . . Biomarkers for predicting adverse drug reactions. June 21, 2019. ... papers containing terms related to biomarkers connected with PG (blue dots; total number of hits about 3000) and papers ...

https://blogs.bmj.com/bmj/2019/06/21/jeffrey-aronson-when-i-use-a-word-biomarkers-for-predicting-adverse-drug-reactions/

Outcomes for COPD pharmacological trials: from lung function to biomarkers. Rev Port Pneumol. 2008;14(4):579-583. ... Minimal clinically important differences in pharmacological trials. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2014;189(3):250-255. ... Minimal clinically important differences in pharmacological trials. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2014;189(3):250-255. ...

https://www.dovepress.com/comparison-of-distinctive-models-for-calculating-an-interlobar-emphyse-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-COPD

Diagnostic Laboratory Biomarker Analysis, Pharmacological Study NCT00959283 Children's Oncology Group Active, not ... Laboratory Biomarker Analysis NCT00899990 Children's Oncology Group Active, not recruiting ... Biomarkers in Tumor Tissue Samples From Patients With Newly Diagnosed Neuroblastoma or... Cytology Specimen Collection ... Cytology Specimen Collection Procedure, Laboratory Biomarker Analysis NCT00919269 Children's Oncology Group Active, not ...

https://prevention.cancer.gov/clinical-trials/clinical-trials-search?items_per_page=10&group-program-tid=All&keys=&field_ct_status_tid%5B196%5D=196&field_ct_status_tid%5B204%5D=204&field_ct_status_tid%5B197%5D=197&field_ct_status_tid%5B198%5D=198&order=field_nct_id&sort=asc&page=1

Biomarkers, Pharmacological, Robotics, General Surgery, Surgery, Plastic, Specialties, Surgical, Surgical Procedures, Operative ... Biomarkers, Pharmacological, Robotics, Surgery, Plastic, Specialties, Surgical, Surgical Procedures, Operative, Diagnostic ... Biomarkers, Pharmacological, General Surgery, Surgical Procedures, Operative, Robotics, Diagnostic Techniques, Surgical, ...

https://bvsalud.org/en/direve/?filter=descriptor:%22Precancerous%20Conditions%22%20AND%20descriptor:%22Genetics%22%20AND%20descriptor:%22Delivery%20of%20Health%20Care%22%20AND%20descriptor:%22Genes,%20Tumor%20Suppressor%22%20AND%20descriptor:%22Precancerous%20Conditions%22%20AND%20descriptor:%22Antineoplastic%20Combined%20Chemotherapy%20Protocols%22%20AND%20descriptor:%22Radioterapia%22

Silva, F., Coelho, F., Peixoto, A., Pinto, P., Martins, C., Frombach, A. S., Santo, V. E., Brito, C., Guimarães, A. & Félix, A., 30 Apr 2022, In: Cancer cell international. 22, 1, p. 175 175.. Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review ...

https://novaresearch.unl.pt/en/persons/fernanda-silva

IPF treatment (detailed information on prescribed drugs and doses; non-pharmacological treatment; listing and score for lung ... biomarkers) ... and of non-pharmacological treatment (e.g. start of long term ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01695408

Notably, disruption of autophagy by genetic and pharmacological approaches triggered apoptotic cell death. Mechanistically, A- ... Di Martile M, Del Bufalo D, Trisciuoglio D. The multifaceted role of lysine acetylation in cancer: prognostic biomarker and ... 4: Pharmacological or genetic autophagy blockade induces cell death upon A-485 treatment.. ... Ansari, M.S.Z., Stagni, V., Iuzzolino, A. et al. Pharmacological targeting of CBP/p300 drives a redox/autophagy axis leading to ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41417-022-00524-8?error=cookies_not_supported&code=deb43091-dda4-4f5d-b62f-d50aad320a16

May play a role as a biomarker in Alzheimers disease risk. Boada et al., 2014; Wei et al., 2019. ... Your Name) has forwarded a page to you from Pharmacological Reviews Message Body (Your Name) thought you would be interested in ... Thank you for sharing this Pharmacological Reviews article.. NOTE: We request your email address only to inform the recipient ... Implicated as a potential biomarker and treatment of prostate cancer. Pertega-Gomes et al., 2013. ...

https://pharmrev.aspetjournals.org/content/72/2/466/tab-figures-data

The ultimate goal of this research is to identify novel biomarkers and pharmacological targets that may improve preventive ...

https://www.health.harvard.edu/authors

This study aimed to investigate the biomarker profiles of coagulopathy and alveolar epithelial injury in two subtypes of ARDS: ... whether the biomarkers that reflect pathophysiology differ depending on the etiology of ARDS has not been examined. ... Procoagulant signalling mechanisms in lung inflammation and fibrosis: novel opportunities for pharmacological intervention? Br ... Biomarker measurement. At our institute, the biomarkers of coagulation and type II pneumonocytes are routinely measured for the ...

https://ccforum.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13054-019-2559-6

Research focus is on identification of new biomarkers, both fluid and imaging, and new pharmacological targets for prevention ... Plasma biomarkers for Alzheimers disease using oral glucose tolerance test. *Preclinical Alzheimers disease as a risk factor ... Other studies include using oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to develop a biomarker of early stage Alzheimers disease. ...

https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/geriatric_medicine_gerontology/research/center-for-transformative-geriatric-research.html

Pharmacological and psychological interventions. Adding a pharmacological treatment is one of the relatively recent methods to ... Meconium is a perfect biomarker for testing direct fetal exposure to tobacco use during the neonatal phase. Tobacco exposure ... Based on these studies, both pharmacological and psychological interventions were helpful for smokers, not only to quit, but ...

http://www.emro.who.int/emhj-volume-24-2018/volume-24-issue-2/tobacco-smoking-in-egypt-a-scoping-literature-review-of-its-epidemiology-and-control-measures.html

In this review, a diverse team of neuroscientists and product developers share their experiences using such an automated monitoring system that combines Noldus PhenoTyper ® home-cages and the video-based tracking software, EthoVision ® XT, to extract digital biomarkers of motor, emotional, social and cognitive behavior. (frontiersin.org)
The ability of remote research tools to collect granular, high-frequency data on symptoms and digital biomarkers is an important strength because it circumvents many limitations of traditional clinical trials and improves the ability to capture clinically relevant data. (jmir.org)

Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. (who.int)

Often, most of the toxicological and pharmacological information available is from experimental animals and, thus, not always directly applicable to humans. (cdc.gov)
Affymetrix and Iconix Pharmaceuticals plan to co-develop products to help study the toxicological and pharmacological properties of drugs and drug candidates, the firms said this week. (genomeweb.com)

There are few available pharmacological therapies for treatment of renal disease [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
and an overview of the most efficacious non-pharmacological therapies to reduce vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2. (a5m.net)
The development of new therapies, the use of biomarkers in NAFLD, and how microbiota and genes can modulate alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) are current key research questions that will be addressed during The Digital ILC 2020 . (easl.eu)
PHS and CARE trial suggest that the increased risk associated with systemic inflammation may be modified with certain preventive therapies and that inflammatory marker specifically hs-CRP may help to identify those who would benefit most from these pharmacological intervention. (who.int)

2. I run a multi-disciplinary research programme with the aim to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms of fatigue and explore novel (including non-pharmacological) therapeutic strategies for this disabling symptom. (ncl.ac.uk)
Biomarkers in OMICs studies are used and evaluated to study normal biological processes, pathological processes, or pharmacological responses to a therapeutic intervention. (techscience.com)
Precision medicine is a patient-specific approach that integrates all relevant clinical, genetic and biological information for each individual in order to optimise pharmacological treatment, enabling the therapeutic benefit to be maximised for an individual relative to the possibility of side-effects [ 1 , 2 ]. (ersjournals.com)
Contributions detailing possible pharmacological, medical or therapeutic use or dietary significance will be welcomed in addition to studies regarding biosafety issues of genetically modified plants. (iospress.com)

Furthermore, non-invasive brain stimulation interventions significantly increased the expression of neurotrophic factors (NTFs) compared to sham/placebo, regardless of add-on pharmacological treatment . (bvsalud.org)
Her research interests include biomarker development, clinical features of dystonia, pharmacological studies of movement disorders, sleep problems in Parkinson's disease, restless leg syndrome, and exercise interventions in Parkinson's disease. (michaeljfox.org)
New studies of gene expres- sion changes in cells extracted from the buccal space of smokers hold vast promise benefit of the substantiation of biomarkers that predict the bump of pharmacological or dietary interventions in smokers. (daubnet.com)
Geriatric medicine is now entering a unique point in history, where the focus will no longer be on palliative, ameliorative, or social aspects of care for age-related disease, but will be capable of stopping, preventing, and reversing major disease constellations that have heretofore been entirely resistant to interventions based on "small molecular" pharmacological approaches. (lidsen.com)
P. crispum is a biennial plant from the Umbelliferae family, which is widely used in nutritional and pharmacological interventions [10] . (eg.net)

Notably, disruption of autophagy by genetic and pharmacological approaches triggered apoptotic cell death. (nature.com)
Genetic Biomarkers as Predictors of Response to Tocilizumab in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. (cdc.gov)
Genetic and clinical biomarkers of tocilizumab response in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. (cdc.gov)
It seeks to catalogue the genetic makeup, or biomarkers, of individuals and populations. (mcgill.ca)
This endeavor provides pharmaceutical researchers and medical practitioners with a better understanding of how genetic diversity influences why medications are metabolized differently.In so doing, the safety of pharmacological treatments and their efficacy are enhanced and a truer picture of drugs is achieved. (mcgill.ca)
A series of pharmacological and genetic engineering experiments then examined the role of the enzyme - named ribonucleotide reductase, or RNR - known to create the DNA building blocks. (innovitaresearch.com)

Blood cell DNA methylation biomarkers in preclinical malignant pleural mesothelioma: The EPIC prospective cohort. (who.int)

Biophoton emission will be investigated using pharmacological and possibly electrophysiological approaches. (can-acn.org)

Network-based analysis of treatment signatures from GEM models identified treatment-responsive genes in human prostate cancer that are potential biomarkers of patient response. (nih.gov)

Optimal endpoints in NAFLD clinical trials - Histology or non-invasive biomarkers and imaging? (easl.eu)

Biomarkers, designs, and interpretations of resting-state fMRI in translational pharmacological research: A review of state-of-the-Art, challenges, and opportunities for studying brain chemistry. (ox.ac.uk)

This study aimed at investigating the association between haemostatic biomarkers, proinflammatory, and anti-inflammatory cytokines with chronic kidney disease in type 1 diabetic patients. (hindawi.com)

However, little is known regarding the effect of non-pharmacological treatments (NPTs) on candidate molecular biomarker levels in MDD. (bvsalud.org)
The guideline focuses specifically on evidence-based pharmacological treatments for AUD in outpatient settings and includes additional information on assessment and treatment planning, which are an integral part of using pharmacotherapy to treat AUD. (appi.org)
The new evidence regarding blood eosinophils and inhaled treatments, and the need to distinguish between initial and follow-up pharmacological management, led to changes in the GOLD pharmacological treatment recommendations. (ersjournals.com)
This will foster a duty for practitioners to prescribe treatments that take into account biomarker testing results. (mcgill.ca)

We are pursuing this line of research through cross-sectional investigations as well as longitudinal pharmacological challenges, in combination with state-of-the-art multimodal neuroimaging approaches. (bcm.edu)

The American Psychiatric Association Practice Guideline for the Pharmacological Treatment of Patients With Alcohol Use Disorder seeks to reduce these substantial psychosocial and public health consequences of AUD for millions of affected individuals. (appi.org)
Biomarkers in Tumor Tissue Samples From Patients With Newly Diagnosed Neuroblastoma or. (cancer.gov)
This study aimed to investigate the biomarker profiles of coagulopathy and alveolar epithelial injury in two subtypes of ARDS: patients with direct common risk factors (dARDS) and those with idiopathic or immune-related diseases (iARDS), which are classified as "ARDS without common risk factors" based on the Berlin definition. (biomedcentral.com)
Objective To validate sphingomyelin (SM) dosage in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients affected by chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) as a reliably assessable biomarker. (bmj.com)
Conclusions CSF SM is a diagnostic and staging wet biomarker for acquired demyelinating neuropathies and may effectively improve the management of patients affected by GBS and CIDP. (bmj.com)
Blood eosinophil counts are a biomarker with potential to be used in clinical practice, to help target ICS treatment with more precision in COPD patients with a history of exacerbations despite appropriate bronchodilator treatment. (ersjournals.com)
En milieu hospitalier de Kinshasa, très peu de patients suspects d'HM bénéficient d'une mise au point complète et de la chimiothérapie. (bvsalud.org)

This review aims to identify molecular biomarkers that may elucidate NPT response for MDD. (bvsalud.org)
Although there was little consensus associating molecular biomarker levels with symptomology and/or treatment response, brain metabolites accessed via molecular biomarker -focused neuroimaging techniques may provide promising information on whether an individual with MDD would respond positively to NPTs. (bvsalud.org)

NTFs are candidate biomarkers to fine-tune NIBS for MDD treatment . (bvsalud.org)
The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 2017 pharmacological treatment algorithms, based on the ABCD assessment, can be applied relatively easily to treatment-naive individuals at initial presentation. (ersjournals.com)
This article explains the evidence and rationale for the GOLD 2019 pharmacological treatment recommendations. (ersjournals.com)
The GOLD 2019 report has new pharmacological treatment recommendations, based on recent evidence from clinical trials. (ersjournals.com)
Brazilian guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. (bvsalud.org)
Persisting pain in children package: WHO guidelines on the pharmacological treatment of persisting pain in children with medical illnesses. (who.int)

Biological monitoring is the assessment of worker exposure to a hazardous agent through the measurement of a biomarker which results from contact with the agent. (cdc.gov)
Other assorted areas of concern were the cost effectiveness of occupational health, risk assessment, reproductive hazards, the effects of pharmacological agents, and the development of biomarkers as early evidence of an exposure effect. (bmj.com)

Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) root extract contains lot of biologically active metabolites, which have a broad range of pharmacological activities. (omeka.net)
Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) root extract has a broad range of pharmacological activities due to the presence of many biologically active metabolites. (omeka.net)

6. Pharmacological administration of antioxidants can reduce the damaging effects of loud noise. (canadianaudiology.ca)

Ciphergen this week said it will discover, validate, and identify biomarkers for a pre-clinical oncology drug efficacy study for Sanofi-Aventis. (genomeweb.com)

Digoxin ( Axon 1649 ) and its active metabolite ( Axon 1695 ) for example, are known to be a unique medication with pharmacological effects resulting in hemodynamic, sympatholytic, and electrophysiologic changes. (axonmedchem.com)

While multiple case definitions exist, there is currently no well-established biomarkers or laboratory tests to diagnose ME/CFS. (nature.com)

Current knowledge of the evolving pharmacological and psychological strategies in bipolar disorder is of utmost importance. (thelancet.com)

Pharmacological research 2016 09 111 264-271. (cdc.gov)

INF- γ , TNF- α , and IL-10 significantly correlated with haemostatic biomarkers. (hindawi.com)
However, their biomarker profiles were significantly different between the two groups. (biomedcentral.com)

We focus on establishing biomarkers of target engagement and target validation of distress pathology. (bcm.edu)

Selection of an appropriate biomarker for an exposure requires knowledge of the distribution, metabolism, and excretion of the toxicant sufficient for selection of the proper compound to be determined, biological medium to be sampled, and time for obtaining a specimen. (cdc.gov)

Martins D , Veronese M, Turkheimer FE, Howard MA, Williams SCR, Dipasquale O. A candidate neuroimaging biomarker for detection of neurotransmission-related functional alterations and prediction of pharmacological analgesic response in chronic pain. (wjgnet.com)

The biomarker also can be an effect of the agent, such as elevated levels of zinc protoporphyrin in blood, caused by exposure to lead. (cdc.gov)

An asset would be experience in assessing effect of pharmacological agents on cells and tissues, preferably neuronal in origin. (can-acn.org)

The most extensively studied drug has been warfarin, but even using two gene variants, based on the main enzyme by which warfarin is metabolized, CYP2C9, and its chief pharmacological target, vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR), plus age and sex as covariates, at best the effective dosage in an individual can be predicted with only about 50% probability. (bmj.com)

Pharmacological blockade of JNK/c-Jun signaling attenuates injury-induced hair cell loss, but with unsolved mechanisms. (crick.ac.uk)

An increase in L-type voltage-gated calcium channel (LTCC) current is a prominent biomarker of brain aging and is believed to contribute to cognitive decline and vulnerability to neuropathologies. (jneurosci.org)

There is a need for a different system to guide COPD pharmacological management during follow-up. (ersjournals.com)
AGA Clinical Practice Guideline on the Pharmacological Management of Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Constipation. (harvard.edu)

However, for all the interest in pharmacogenetics/pharmacogenomics, relatively little has been published on the use of biomarkers in predicting the risk of harms and the cost effectiveness of doing so (see Figure 1). (bmj.com)

Biomarkers assessing smoking status, and self-report measures of smoking behavior demonstrated that 12 of 15 participants (80) showed seven-day point prevalence abstinence at 6-month follow-up. (erowid.org)

Under the terms of the agreement, which is an extension of an earlier deal between the two companies, Ciphergen will analyze samples at one of its Biomarker Discovery Center laboratories using its suite of proteomic products, including PatternTrack Process and the ProteinChip System. (genomeweb.com)

As phosphorylation was triggered also by nontraumatic noise levels and none of the cells showing this activation were lost, c-Jun phosphorylation is a biomarker for cochlear stress rather than an indicator of a death-prone fate of hair cells. (crick.ac.uk)

As Marisa Toups and Madhukar H. Trivedi write, however, many researchers have focused their efforts on developing biomarkers for depression-tests for aspects of a patient's physiology that can predict a clinical outcome. (dana.org)

Increased levels of VWF, a biomarker of endothelial dysfunction, have been associated with renal disease in type 1 (DM1) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) [ 8 , 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
Biomarkers are measurable indicators of biological conditions at different levels of integration. (techscience.com)

Anatomy14

Diseases26

Chemicals and Drugs88

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment81

Psychiatry and Psychology4

Phenomena and Processes30

Disciplines and Occupations15

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science2

Health Care43

Geographicals1

Investigation of the molecular mechanisms preceding PDE4 inhibitor-induced vasculopathy in rats: tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1, a potential predictive biomarker. (1/311)

Evaluation of the antiandrogenic effects of flutamide, DDE, and linuron in the weanling rat assay using organ weight, histopathological, and proteomic approaches. (2/311)

Toxicogenomics of drug-induced hemolytic anemia by analyzing gene expression profiles in the spleen. (3/311)

Relapse following discontinuation of imatinib mesylate therapy for FIP1L1/PDGFRA-positive chronic eosinophilic leukemia: implications for optimal dosing. (4/311)

Biomarker method validation in anticancer drug development. (5/311)

Developmental neurotoxicity of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants. (6/311)

Current opinion: safety evaluation of drug metabolites in development of pharmaceuticals. (7/311)

Gene expression profiling of rat liver treated with serum triglyceride-decreasing compounds. (8/311)

Biological Markers

Tumor Markers, Biological

Biomarkers, Pharmacological

Proteomics

Prognosis

Gene Expression Profiling

C-Reactive Protein

ROC Curve

Reproducibility of Results

Predictive Value of Tests

Metabolomics

Case-Control Studies

Protein Array Analysis

Sensitivity and Specificity

Proteome

Early Diagnosis

Lipocalins

Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization

Mass Spectrometry

Neoplasms

Inflammation

Chromatography, Liquid

Disease Progression

Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis

MicroRNAs

Metabolome

Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Alzheimer Disease

Acute-Phase Proteins

Immunoassay

Risk Factors

Blood Proteins

Oxidative Stress

Individualized Medicine

Cohort Studies

Prospective Studies

Environmental Exposure

Natriuretic Peptide, Brain

Environmental Monitoring

Validation Studies as Topic

F2-Isoprostanes

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic

Risk Assessment

Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic

Genetic Markers

Interleukin-6

Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional

tau Proteins

Saliva

Time Factors

Keratin-18

Isoprostanes

Treatment Outcome

Breast Neoplasms

Acute Kidney Injury

Immunohistochemistry

Peptide Fragments

Cluster Analysis

Severity of Illness Index

Inflammation Mediators

Cystatin C

Urinalysis

Principal Component Analysis

Microarray Analysis

Prostatic Neoplasms

Neoplasm Proteins

Cardiovascular Diseases

Endpoint Determination

DNA Adducts

Clinical Trials as Topic

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Troponin T

Antineoplastic Agents

Amyloid beta-Peptides

Area Under Curve

Cell Line, Tumor

Troponin I

Molecular Targeted Therapy

Diet