Biology. Medical search

One of the BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE DISCIPLINES concerned with the origin, structure, development, growth, function, genetics, and reproduction of animals, plants, and microorganisms.

Comprehensive, methodical analysis of complex biological systems by monitoring responses to perturbations of biological processes. Large scale, computerized collection and analysis of the data are used to develop and test models of biological systems.

A discipline concerned with studying biological phenomena in terms of the chemical and physical interactions of molecules.

The field of biology which deals with the process of the growth and differentiation of an organism.

A field of biological research combining engineering in the formulation, design, and building (synthesis) of novel biological structures, functions, and systems.

A field of biology concerned with the development of techniques for the collection and manipulation of biological data, and the use of such data to make biological discoveries or predictions. This field encompasses all computational methods and theories for solving biological problems including manipulation of models and datasets.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

The systematic study of the complete DNA sequences (GENOME) of organisms.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

The determination of the pattern of genes expressed at the level of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.

The process of cumulative change over successive generations through which organisms acquire their distinguishing morphological and physiological characteristics.

Sequential operating programs and data which instruct the functioning of a digital computer.

Interacting DNA-encoded regulatory subsystems in the GENOME that coordinate input from activator and repressor TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS during development, cell differentiation, or in response to environmental cues. The networks function to ultimately specify expression of particular sets of GENES for specific conditions, times, or locations.

Time period from 1901 through 2000 of the common era.

A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.

Time period from 2001 through 2100 of the common era.

Complex sets of enzymatic reactions connected to each other via their product and substrate metabolites.

New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.

The systematic study of the complete complement of proteins (PROTEOME) of organisms.

The study of those aspects of energy and matter in terms of elementary principles and laws. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Body of knowledge related to the use of organisms, cells or cell-derived constituents for the purpose of developing products which are technically, scientifically and clinically useful. Alteration of biologic function at the molecular level (i.e., GENETIC ENGINEERING) is a central focus; laboratory methods used include TRANSFECTION and CLONING technologies, sequence and structure analysis algorithms, computer databases, and gene and protein structure function analysis and prediction.

Computer-based representation of physical systems and phenomena such as chemical processes.

The fundamental, structural, and functional units or subunits of living organisms. They are composed of CYTOPLASM containing various ORGANELLES and a CELL MEMBRANE boundary.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

Directed modification of the gene complement of a living organism by such techniques as altering the DNA, substituting genetic material by means of a virus, transplanting whole nuclei, transplanting cell hybrids, etc.

Cellular processes, properties, and characteristics.

Databases devoted to knowledge about specific genes and gene products.

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

The genetic complement of an organism, including all of its GENES, as represented in its DNA, or in some cases, its RNA.

A loose confederation of computer communication networks around the world. The networks that make up the Internet are connected through several backbone networks. The Internet grew out of the US Government ARPAnet project and was designed to facilitate information exchange.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

Hybridization of a nucleic acid sample to a very large set of OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES, which have been attached individually in columns and rows to a solid support, to determine a BASE SEQUENCE, or to detect variations in a gene sequence, GENE EXPRESSION, or for GENE MAPPING.

The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.

The application of engineering principles and methods to living organisms or biological systems.

The protein complement of an organism coded for by its genome.

Critical and exhaustive investigation or experimentation, having for its aim the discovery of new facts and their correct interpretation, the revision of accepted conclusions, theories, or laws in the light of newly discovered facts, or the practical application of such new or revised conclusions, theories, or laws. (Webster, 3d ed)

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of genetic processes or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

The total process by which organisms produce offspring. (Stedman, 25th ed)

Study of the scientific principles, mechanisms, and effects of the interaction of ionizing radiation with living matter. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

Relatively undifferentiated cells that retain the ability to divide and proliferate throughout postnatal life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

The portion of an interactive computer program that issues messages to and receives commands from a user.

Cellular functions, mechanisms, and activities.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

The study of the development of an organism during the embryonic and fetal stages of life.

Time period from 1801 through 1900 of the common era.

Methods for determining interaction between PROTEINS.

The study of the composition, chemical structures, and chemical reactions of living things.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

Societies whose membership is limited to scientists.

Extensive collections, reputedly complete, of facts and data garnered from material of a specialized subject area and made available for analysis and application. The collection can be automated by various contemporary methods for retrieval. The concept should be differentiated from DATABASES, BIBLIOGRAPHIC which is restricted to collections of bibliographic references.

The continuous sequence of changes undergone by living organisms during the post-embryonic developmental process, such as metamorphosis in insects and amphibians. This includes the developmental stages of apicomplexans such as the malarial parasite, PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Individuals enrolled in a school or formal educational program.

All of the divisions of the natural sciences dealing with the various aspects of the phenomena of life and vital processes. The concept includes anatomy and physiology, biochemistry and biophysics, and the biology of animals, plants, and microorganisms. It should be differentiated from BIOLOGY, one of its subdivisions, concerned specifically with the origin and life processes of living organisms.

The process of finding chemicals for potential therapeutic use.

The study of natural phenomena by observation, measurement, and experimentation.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Chemically synthesized structures which functionally resemble natural cells.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

The pattern of GENE EXPRESSION at the level of genetic transcription in a specific organism or under specific circumstances in specific cells.

Educational institutions providing facilities for teaching and research and authorized to grant academic degrees.

Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of kingdom Plantae (sensu lato), comprising the VIRIDIPLANTAE; RHODOPHYTA; and GLAUCOPHYTA; all of which acquired chloroplasts by direct endosymbiosis of CYANOBACTERIA. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (MERISTEMS); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absence of nervous and sensory systems; and an alternation of haploid and diploid generations.

The educational process of instructing.

A definite pathologic process with a characteristic set of signs and symptoms. It may affect the whole body or any of its parts, and its etiology, pathology, and prognosis may be known or unknown.

Organized activities related to the storage, location, search, and retrieval of information.

Specific languages used to prepare computer programs.

All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION.

The molecular designing of drugs for specific purposes (such as DNA-binding, enzyme inhibition, anti-cancer efficacy, etc.) based on knowledge of molecular properties such as activity of functional groups, molecular geometry, and electronic structure, and also on information cataloged on analogous molecules. Drug design is generally computer-assisted molecular modeling and does not include pharmacokinetics, dosage analysis, or drug administration analysis.

Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.

A set of statistical methods used to group variables or observations into strongly inter-related subgroups. In epidemiology, it may be used to analyze a closely grouped series of events or cases of disease or other health-related phenomenon with well-defined distribution patterns in relation to time or place or both.

The relationship between an invertebrate and another organism (the host), one of which lives at the expense of the other. Traditionally excluded from definition of parasites are pathogenic BACTERIA; FUNGI; VIRUSES; and PLANTS; though they may live parasitically.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

Software designed to store, manipulate, manage, and control data for specific uses.

The process of pictorial communication, between human and computers, in which the computer input and output have the form of charts, drawings, or other appropriate pictorial representation.

Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs, 21-25 nucleotides in length generated from single-stranded microRNA gene transcripts by the same RIBONUCLEASE III, Dicer, that produces small interfering RNAs (RNA, SMALL INTERFERING). They become part of the RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEX and repress the translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC) of target RNA by binding to homologous 3'UTR region as an imperfect match. The small temporal RNAs (stRNAs), let-7 and lin-4, from C. elegans, are the first 2 miRNAs discovered, and are from a class of miRNAs involved in developmental timing.

Non-human animals, selected because of specific characteristics, for use in experimental research, teaching, or testing.

Research that involves the application of the natural sciences, especially biology and physiology, to medicine.

A course of study offered by an educational institution.

Programs of study which span the traditional boundaries of academic scholarship.

Databases containing information about PROTEINS such as AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; PROTEIN CONFORMATION; and other properties.

The procedures involved in combining separately developed modules, components, or subsystems so that they work together as a complete system. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Warm-blooded vertebrate animals belonging to the class Mammalia, including all that possess hair and suckle their young.

The branch of science concerned with the interrelationship of organisms and their ENVIRONMENT, especially as manifested by natural cycles and rhythms, community development and structure, interactions between different kinds of organisms, geographic distributions, and population alterations. (Webster's, 3d ed)

Therapeutic approach tailoring therapy for genetically defined subgroups of patients.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of systems, processes, or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.

The systematic identification and quantitation of all the metabolic products of a cell, tissue, organ, or organism under varying conditions. The METABOLOME of a cell or organism is a dynamic collection of metabolites which represent its net response to current conditions.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

A field of medicine concerned with developing and using strategies aimed at repair or replacement of damaged, diseased, or metabolically deficient organs, tissues, and cells via TISSUE ENGINEERING; CELL TRANSPLANTATION; and ARTIFICIAL ORGANS and BIOARTIFICIAL ORGANS and tissues.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

The assessing of academic or educational achievement. It includes all aspects of testing and test construction.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

The application of discoveries generated by laboratory research and preclinical studies to the development of clinical trials and studies in humans. A second area of translational research concerns enhancing the adoption of best practices.

Chromosomal, biochemical, intracellular, and other methods used in the study of genetics.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

The developmental history of specific differentiated cell types as traced back to the original STEM CELLS in the embryo.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in neoplastic tissue.

The biological science concerned with the life-supporting properties, functions, and processes of living organisms or their parts.

The addition of descriptive information about the function or structure of a molecular sequence to its MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA record.

Treatments with drugs which interact with or block synthesis of specific cellular components characteristic of the individual's disease in order to stop or interrupt the specific biochemical dysfunction involved in progression of the disease.

The interactions between a host and a pathogen, usually resulting in disease.

The practical application of physical, mechanical, and mathematical principles. (Stedman, 25th ed)

The physiological renewal, repair, or replacement of tissue.

Graphs representing sets of measurable, non-covalent physical contacts with specific PROTEINS in living organisms or in cells.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Use of sophisticated analysis tools to sort through, organize, examine, and combine large sets of information.

A genetic process by which the adult organism is realized via mechanisms that lead to the restriction in the possible fates of cells, eventually leading to their differentiated state. Mechanisms involved cause heritable changes to cells without changes to DNA sequence such as DNA METHYLATION; HISTONE modification; DNA REPLICATION TIMING; NUCLEOSOME positioning; and heterochromatization which result in selective gene expression or repression.

The study of the origin, structure, development, growth, function, genetics, and reproduction of organisms which inhabit the OCEANS AND SEAS.

Methods used to study CELLS.

The development and use of techniques to study physical phenomena and construct structures in the nanoscale size range or smaller.

Rapid methods of measuring the effects of an agent in a biological or chemical assay. The assay usually involves some form of automation or a way to conduct multiple assays at the same time using sample arrays.

Partial cDNA (DNA, COMPLEMENTARY) sequences that are unique to the cDNAs from which they were derived.

One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

Highly proliferative, self-renewing, and colony-forming stem cells which give rise to NEOPLASMS.

The terms, expressions, designations, or symbols used in a particular science, discipline, or specialized subject area.

Acquisition of knowledge as a result of instruction in a formal course of study.

Methods for maintaining or growing CELLS in vitro.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

Time period from 1701 through 1800 of the common era.

A functional system which includes the organisms of a natural community together with their environment. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

Biological molecules that possess catalytic activity. They may occur naturally or be synthetically created. Enzymes are usually proteins, however CATALYTIC RNA and CATALYTIC DNA molecules have also been identified.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

The study of the structure, growth, activities, and functions of NEURONS and the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Changes in biological features that help an organism cope with its ENVIRONMENT. These changes include physiological (ADAPTATION, PHYSIOLOGICAL), phenotypic and genetic changes.

The complete genetic complement contained in the DNA of a set of CHROMOSOMES in a HUMAN. The length of the human genome is about 3 billion base pairs.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

Procedures by which protein structure and function are changed or created in vitro by altering existing or synthesizing new structural genes that direct the synthesis of proteins with sought-after properties. Such procedures may include the design of MOLECULAR MODELS of proteins using COMPUTER GRAPHICS or other molecular modeling techniques; site-specific mutagenesis (MUTAGENESIS, SITE-SPECIFIC) of existing genes; and DIRECTED MOLECULAR EVOLUTION techniques to create new genes.

An analytical method used in determining the identity of a chemical based on its mass using mass analyzers/mass spectrometers.

The physiological processes, properties, and states characteristic of plants.

Substances that inhibit or prevent the proliferation of NEOPLASMS.

Books used in the study of a subject that contain a systematic presentation of the principles and vocabulary of a subject.

Molecular products metabolized and secreted by neoplastic tissue and characterized biochemically in cells or body fluids. They are indicators of tumor stage and grade as well as useful for monitoring responses to treatment and predicting recurrence. Many chemical groups are represented including hormones, antigens, amino and nucleic acids, enzymes, polyamines, and specific cell membrane proteins and lipids.

A coordinated effort of researchers to map (CHROMOSOME MAPPING) and sequence (SEQUENCE ANALYSIS, DNA) the human GENOME.

A gene silencing phenomenon whereby specific dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) trigger the degradation of homologous mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER). The specific dsRNAs are processed into SMALL INTERFERING RNA (siRNA) which serves as a guide for cleavage of the homologous mRNA in the RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEX. DNA METHYLATION may also be triggered during this process.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

A species of nematode that is widely used in biological, biochemical, and genetic studies.

A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)

Differential and non-random reproduction of different genotypes, operating to alter the gene frequencies within a population.

Statistical formulations or analyses which, when applied to data and found to fit the data, are then used to verify the assumptions and parameters used in the analysis. Examples of statistical models are the linear model, binomial model, polynomial model, two-parameter model, etc.

The movement of cells from one location to another. Distinguish from CYTOKINESIS which is the process of dividing the CYTOPLASM of a cell.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

Protein analogs and derivatives of the Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein that emit light (FLUORESCENCE) when excited with ULTRAVIOLET RAYS. They are used in REPORTER GENES in doing GENETIC TECHNIQUES. Numerous mutants have been made to emit other colors or be sensitive to pH.

A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.

Animals having a vertebral column, members of the phylum Chordata, subphylum Craniata comprising mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fishes.

Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.

Cells derived from the BLASTOCYST INNER CELL MASS which forms before implantation in the uterine wall. They retain the ability to divide, proliferate and provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.

A process that includes the determination of AMINO ACID SEQUENCE of a protein (or peptide, oligopeptide or peptide fragment) and the information analysis of the sequence.

One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.

Microscopy of specimens stained with fluorescent dye (usually fluorescein isothiocyanate) or of naturally fluorescent materials, which emit light when exposed to ultraviolet or blue light. Immunofluorescence microscopy utilizes antibodies that are labeled with fluorescent dye.

The external elements and conditions which surround, influence, and affect the life and development of an organism or population.

The genetic complement of a BACTERIA as represented in its DNA.

A large collection of DNA fragments cloned (CLONING, MOLECULAR) from a given organism, tissue, organ, or cell type. It may contain complete genomic sequences (GENOMIC LIBRARY) or complementary DNA sequences, the latter being formed from messenger RNA and lacking intron sequences.

The transfer of POLLEN grains (male gametes) to the plant ovule (female gamete).

Any method used for determining the location of and relative distances between genes on a chromosome.

Facilities equipped to carry out investigative procedures.

The process of laying or shedding fully developed eggs (OVA) from the female body. The term is usually used for certain INSECTS or FISHES with an organ called ovipositor where eggs are stored or deposited before expulsion from the body.

Processes that incorporate some element of randomness, used particularly to refer to a time series of random variables.

A medical specialty concerned with the hypersensitivity of the individual to foreign substances and protection from the resultant infection or disorder.

The processes whereby the internal environment of an organism tends to remain balanced and stable.

The development of anatomical structures to create the form of a single- or multi-cell organism. Morphogenesis provides form changes of a part, parts, or the whole organism.

Relatively permanent change in behavior that is the result of past experience or practice. The concept includes the acquisition of knowledge.

The study of the origin, structure, development, growth, function, genetics, and reproduction of plants.

Application of principles and practices of engineering science to biomedical research and health care.

An exotic species of the family CYPRINIDAE, originally from Asia, that has been introduced in North America. They are used in embryological studies and to study the effects of certain chemicals on development.

A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

A theorem in probability theory named for Thomas Bayes (1702-1761). In epidemiology, it is used to obtain the probability of disease in a group of people with some characteristic on the basis of the overall rate of that disease and of the likelihood of that characteristic in healthy and diseased individuals. The most familiar application is in clinical decision analysis where it is used for estimating the probability of a particular diagnosis given the appearance of some symptoms or test result.

A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on a individual's condition and the usual course of the disease as seen in similar situations.

The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.

The genetic complement of a helminth (HELMINTHS) as represented in its DNA.

Organizations representing specialized fields which are accepted as authoritative; may be non-governmental, university or an independent research organization, e.g., National Academy of Sciences, Brookings Institution, etc.

Biological activities and function of the whole organism in human, animal, microorgansims, and plants, and of the biosphere.

A species of fruit fly much used in genetics because of the large size of its chromosomes.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

The biological science concerned with similarities or differences in the life-supporting functions and processes of different species.

The reproductive organs of plants.

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

Systems for the delivery of drugs to target sites of pharmacological actions. Technologies employed include those concerning drug preparation, route of administration, site targeting, metabolism, and toxicity.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

The use of instrumentation and techniques for visualizing material and details that cannot be seen by the unaided eye. It is usually done by enlarging images, transmitted by light or electron beams, with optical or magnetic lenses that magnify the entire image field. With scanning microscopy, images are generated by collecting output from the specimen in a point-by-point fashion, on a magnified scale, as it is scanned by a narrow beam of light or electrons, a laser, a conductive probe, or a topographical probe.

Works about pre-planned studies of the safety, efficacy, or optimum dosage schedule (if appropriate) of one or more diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques selected according to predetermined criteria of eligibility and observed for predefined evidence of favorable and unfavorable effects. This concept includes clinical trials conducted both in the U.S. and in other countries.

Methods utilizing the principles of MICROFLUIDICS for sample handling, reagent mixing, and separation and detection of specific components in fluids.

The relationship between two different species of organisms that are interdependent; each gains benefits from the other or a relationship between different species where both of the organisms in question benefit from the presence of the other.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

Databases containing information about NUCLEIC ACIDS such as BASE SEQUENCE; SNPS; NUCLEIC ACID CONFORMATION; and other properties. Information about the DNA fragments kept in a GENE LIBRARY or GENOMIC LIBRARY is often maintained in DNA databases.

A love or pursuit of wisdom. A search for the underlying causes and principles of reality. (Webster, 3d ed)

A molecule that binds to another molecule, used especially to refer to a small molecule that binds specifically to a larger molecule, e.g., an antigen binding to an antibody, a hormone or neurotransmitter binding to a receptor, or a substrate or allosteric effector binding to an enzyme. Ligands are also molecules that donate or accept a pair of electrons to form a coordinate covalent bond with the central metal atom of a coordination complex. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

The non-genetic biological changes of an organism in response to challenges in its ENVIRONMENT.

Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

Time-resolved analysis and visualization of dynamic processes in living cells. (1/657)

Recent development of in vivo microscopy techniques, including green fluorescent proteins, has allowed the visualization of a wide range of dynamic processes in living cells. For quantitative and visual interpretation of such processes, new concepts for time-resolved image analysis and continuous time-space visualization are required. Here, we describe a versatile and fully automated approach consisting of four techniques, namely highly sensitive object detection, fuzzy logic-based dynamic object tracking, computer graphical visualization, and measurement in time-space. Systematic model simulations were performed to evaluate the reliability of the automated object detection and tracking method. To demonstrate potential applications, the method was applied to the analysis of secretory membrane traffic and the functional dynamics of nuclear compartments enriched in pre-mRNA splicing factors. (+info)

Cloning and embryonic stem cells: a new era in human biology and medicine. (2/657)

The cloning of mammals using adult cells as nuclear donors has been achieved and the same procedure can be, at least theoretically, used to clone humans. Another recent technological advance, the derivation of human embryonic stem cells, opens up new possibilities in cell and tissue replacement therapy and heralds significant improvements in gene therapy. Besides suggesting new and potentially valuable medical applications, the insights gained through the use of these techniques could significantly enrich our understanding of basic mechanisms regulating human development. On the other hand, these preliminary results are viewed by many as the opening of the Pandora's box and there are loud voices clamoring that research in these areas be forbidden in perpetuity. I suggest in the following article that at present we do not know enough to make anything but an entirely emotional decision about future applications of these techniques. I try to summarize the current state of the kn owledge in the field and indicate how much further research is necessary if benefits and drawbacks are to be properly understood. (+info)

Chemical biology: the promise, and confusion, of adolescence. (3/657)

It takes time for any new scientific discipline to gain momentum, and chemical biology is no exception. But with the formation of new training programs and interdisciplinary departments, the changes are coming. (+info)

DBcat: a catalog of 500 biological databases. (4/657)

The DBcat (http://www.infobiogen.fr/services/dbcat ) is a comprehensive catalog of biological databases, maintained and curated at Infobiogen. It contains 500 databases classified by application domains. The DBcat is a structured flat-file library, that can be searched by means of an SRS server or a dedicated Web interface. The files are available for download from Infobiogen anonymous ftp server. (+info)

Database resources of the National Center for Biotechnology Information. (5/657)

In addition to maintaining the GenBank(R) nucleic acid sequence database, the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) provides data analysis and retrieval and resources that operate on the data in GenBank and a variety of other biological data made available through NCBI's Web site. NCBI data retrieval resources include Entrez, PubMed, LocusLink and the Taxonomy Browser. Data analysis resources include BLAST, Electronic PCR, OrfFinder, RefSeq, UniGene, Database of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (dbSNP), Human Genome Sequencing pages, GeneMap'99, Davis Human-Mouse Homology Map, Cancer Chromosome Aberration Project (CCAP) pages, Entrez Genomes, Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COGs) database, Retroviral Genotyping Tools, Cancer Genome Anatomy Project (CGAP) pages, SAGEmap, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) and the Molecular Modeling Database (MMDB). Augmenting many of the Web applications are custom implementations of the BLAST program optimized to search specialized data sets. All of the resources can be accessed through the NCBI home page at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov (+info)

Teaching experimental design to biologists. (6/657)

The teaching of research design and data analysis to our graduate students has been a persistent problem. A course is described in which students, early in their graduate training, obtain extensive practice in designing experiments and interpreting data. Lecture-discussions on the essentials of biostatistics are given, and then these essentials are repeatedly reviewed by illustrating their applications and misapplications in numerous research design problems. Students critique these designs and prepare similar problems for peer evaluation. In most problems the treatments are confounded by extraneous variables, proper controls may be absent, or data analysis may be incorrect. For each problem, students must decide whether the researchers' conclusions are valid and, if not, must identify a fatal experimental flaw. Students learn that an experiment is a well-conceived plan for data collection, analysis, and interpretation. They enjoy the interactive evaluations of research designs and appreciate the repetitive review of common flaws in different experiments. They also benefit from their practice in scientific writing and in critically evaluating their peers' designs. (+info)

Theoretical biology in the third millennium. (7/657)

During the 20th century our understanding of genetics and the processes of gene expression have undergone revolutionary change. Improved technology has identified the components of the living cell, and knowledge of the genetic code allows us to visualize the pathway from genotype to phenotype. We can now sequence entire genes, and improved cloning techniques enable us to transfer genes between organisms, giving a better understanding of their function. Due to the improved power of analytical tools databases of sequence information are growing at an exponential rate. Soon complete sequences of genomes and the three-dimensional structure of all proteins may be known. The question we face in the new millennium is how to apply this data in a meaningful way. Since the genes carry the specification of an organism, and because they also record evolutionary changes, we need to design a theoretical framework that can take account of the flow of information through biological systems. (+info)

The past, the future and the biology of memory storage. (8/657)

We here briefly review a century of accomplishments in studying memory storage and delineate the two major questions that have dominated thinking in this area: the systems question of memory, which concerns where in the brain storage occurs; and the molecular question of memory, which concerns the mechanisms whereby memories are stored and maintained. We go on to consider the themes that memory research may be able to address in the 21st century. Finally, we reflect on the clinical and societal import of our increasing understanding of the mechanisms of memory, discussing possible therapeutic approaches to diseases that manifest with disruptions of learning and possible ethical implication of the ability, which is on the horizon, to ameliorate or even enhance human memory. (+info)

Campbell, N., & Reece, J. (2002). Biology. 6th ed. San Francisco: Benjamin Cummings[page needed] Gray, Huon H.; Keith D. ... and Evolutionary Biology. 280 (2): 934-9. doi:10.1002/ar.a.20099. PMID 15372490. Sharma G, Linden MD, Schultz DS, Inamdar KV ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrioventricular_node

"Marine Biologists Discover New Shark Species: Genie's Dogfish , Biology , Sci-News.com". Breaking Science News , Sci-News.com. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squalus_clarkae

"New Species of Poisonous Fluorescent Frog Discovered in Brazil , Biology , Sci-News.com". Breaking Science News , Sci-News.com. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brachycephalus_rotenbergae

ISBN 978-0-647-02562-8. "Biology". Natural History Museum. Retrieved 22 February 2012. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) ... Information on amphibian biology and conservation. AmphibiaWeb. Retrieved 21 January 2010. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atretochoana

Cecie Starr (2013). Biology: The Unity & Diversity of Life (Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr ed.). Cengage Learning. ... Only in the 21st century have they become more important in biology; the theory is now seen as generally applicable and ... The maintenance of sexual reproduction in a highly competitive world is one of the major puzzles in biology given that asexual ... Moore, Jamie C.; Pannell, John R. (2011). "Sexual selection in plants". Current Biology. 21 (5): R176-R182. doi:10.1016/j.cub. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_selection

"Cream-Eyed Bulbul: New Species of Bird Discovered , Biology , Sci-News.com". Breaking Science News , Sci-News.com. Retrieved ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cream-eyed_bulbul

Biology. Avissar, Yael,, Choi, Jung Ho, 1956-, DeSaix, Jean,, Jurukovski, Vladimir,, Wise, Robert R. Houston, Texas. ISBN ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graminivore

Decomposition Anaerobic organism "4.10 Bacteria of the Nitrogen Cycle: Understanding for GCSE Biology". PMG Biology. 12 April ... Fosbery, Richard; McLean, Jean (1996). Biology. ISBN 9780435580001. v t e. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putrefying_bacteria

"The Cell Cycle". Kimball's Biology Pages. Archived from the original on 2012-11-19. Retrieved 9 December 2012. Hickson GR, ... Scholey JM, Civelekoglu-Scholey G, Brust-Mascher I (December 2016). "Anaphase B". Biology. 5 (4): 51. doi:10.3390/ ... Asbury CL (February 2017). "Anaphase A: Disassembling Microtubules Move Chromosomes toward Spindle Poles". Biology. 6 (1): 15. ... Echard A, O'Farrell PH (February 2006). "Rho-kinase controls cell shape changes during cytokinesis". Current Biology. 16 (4): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaphase

In: K. G. Ross & R. W. Matthews (eds.), The Social Biology of Wasps. Ch 6, pp. 191-231. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New ... CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) "rhabdom". Biology. Oxford Dictionary. Retrieved 2014-09-29. CS1 maint: discouraged ... BMC Evolutionary Biology, 4: 8, doi:10.1186/1471-2148-4-8, PMC 385225, PMID 15070433 Vespidae, 1857, British Museum (Natural ... The Journal of Experimental Biology, 211 (11): 1737-1746, doi:10.1242/jeb.015396, PMID 18490389 Jeanne, R. L. 1991. The swarm- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoica_pallens

Prostak, Sergio (2020-10-13). "Six New Bird Species Discovered in South America , Biology , Sci-News.com". Breaking Science ... Prostak, Sergio (2020-10-13). "Six New Bird Species Discovered in South America , Biology , Sci-News.com". Breaking Science ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equatorial_antpitta

Biology. Brooks/Cole. Dale, Jonathan (2000). "Starfish Science". "Macrobenthos of the North Sea - Echinodermata > Introduction ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vascular_system

Campbell and Reece; Biology, Eighth edition Jiao Y, Wickett NJ, Ayyampalayam S, Chanderbali AS, Landherr L, Ralph PE, Tomsho LP ... Raven, P.H. (2013). Biology of Plants. New York: W.H. Freeman and Co. Cantino 2007. Christenhusz, M.J.M.; Reveal, J.L.; Farjon ... "Biology. 7th. 2005. Print. P.595 Walters, Dirk R Walters Bonnie By (1996). Vascular plant taxonomy. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnosperm

Current developmental biology research includes studies on evolutionary developmental biology, regeneration and the cell cycle ... conservation biology, biodiversity, evolutionary developmental biology and animal behaviour. This diversity is echoed in ... The Biology degree is taught jointly by the Departments of Plant Sciences and Zoology, with almost all teaching taking place in ... "Biology , University of Oxford". www.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 2020-03-02. "Current Members of the Department". zoology.web.ox.ac.uk ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Zoology,_University_of_Oxford

"Stratton bio". Clearwater. Archived from the original on August 18, 2011. Retrieved March 20, 2012. "Hutchinson bio". U.S. ... The Department of Biology hosts two research programs on campus, one in cancer research, the other in animal behavior. Although ... "Chancellor bio". NI. Archived from the original on October 4, 2011. Retrieved March 20, 2012. "The Making of Biblical ... "Biology". Bob Jones University. 2013. Archived from the original on April 7, 2013. Retrieved March 11, 2013. "Teaching Science ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Jones_University

Its Biology, Behavior, and Ecology. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida (Reprint 1982 with updated supplementary ... Williams, Edgar M. (2016). "Giraffe Stature and Neck Elongation: Vigilance as an Evolutionary Mechanism". Biology. 5 (3): 35. ... Shorrocks, B. (2016). The Giraffe: Biology, Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour. Wiley. p. 3. ISBN 9781118587478. Ringmar, E. ( ... Society for Experimental Biology. Retrieved 7 May 2014. Garland, T; Janis, C. M. (1993). "Does metatarsal/femur ratio predict ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giraffe

Svoboda is now an emeritus professor of biology at the University of Toronto. He has recounted his life, from a Communist ... "Svoboda, Josef , Biology". www.utm.utoronto.ca. Retrieved 2020-01-01. Canada, Polar Knowledge (2015-12-29). "Josef Svoboda". ... He graduated from high school in 1948, and then began studying biology and philosophy at Masaryk University in 1948. While in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Svoboda_(scientist)

Biology • Geography • Chemistry • Ecology • Forestry • Agronomy • Agricultural Mechanization • Agricultural Manufacturing and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaroslav-the-Wise_Novgorod_State_University

M (2003). Biology Made Simple, A Made Simple Book, Broadway Books, NY, page 42 ISBN 0-7679-1542-9. ... Dihybrid cross Test cross Solomon, Eldra Pearl; Linda R. Berg; Diana W. Martin (February 2004). Biology. Cengage Learning. ISBN ... 978-0-534-49276-2. Campbell, Neil A. (2006). Biology: concepts & connections. Pearson/Benjamin Cummings. ISBN 978-0-8053-7160-4 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monohybrid_cross

Population genetics is the branch of evolutionary biology responsible for investigating processes that cause changes in allele ... Campbell, Neil; Reece, Jane (2005). Biology. San Francisco: Benjamin Cummings. p. 265. ISBN 0-07-366175-9. McKusick, Victor A ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_genetics

Biology. Gary Snyder, Professor of English, University of California at Davis. Charles Philip Sonett, Regents' Professor ... Biology-Plant Science. Norman Earl Zinberg, deceased. Psychology. Bruno Zumino, Professor of Physics, University of California ... Biology. Federico Manuel Peralta Ramos, deceased. Argentinian artist. Alejandra Pizarnik, Argentinian poet. José Antonio Priani ... Richard Dale Alexander, Theodore H. Hubbell Distinguished University Professor of Evolutionary Biology and Curator of Insects, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Guggenheim_Fellowships_awarded_in_1968

Genome Biology and Evolution. 7 (12): 3180-3189. doi:10.1093/gbe/evv213. PMC 4700946. PMID 26527652. Burleigh, J.G.; et al. ( ... Biology. 2 (1): 419-444. doi:10.3390/biology2010419. PMC 4009869. PMID 24832669. Kimball, R.T.; et al. (December 2013). " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aequornithes

Psychology is not applied biology, nor is biology applied chemistry. We can now see that the whole becomes not merely more, but ... Biology (including biological evolution) can be viewed as an emergent property of the laws of chemistry. Similarly, psychology ... Biology. 6th ed. San Francisco: Benjamin Cummings, 2002. Emergence // Encyclopædia Britannica, 2017 Eryomin A.L. Noogenesis and ... For instance, the phenomenon of life as studied in biology is an emergent property of chemistry, and many psychological ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergence

... biology; fine and decorative art; geology; Japanese decorative arts and prints; and local history. It also hosts temporary ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maidstone

Biology. Ecology Volume 51 No. 4 December 2002". Retrieved 9 December 2010. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) Kull, Tiiu ... biology, monitoring and protection. She is one of the founders and a board member of the Estonian Orchid Protection Club (Eesti ... Biology and Ecology ed.). pp. 242-256. Retrieved 9 December 2010. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) "Proceedings of the ... Biology and Ecology. 51: 242-256. Retrieved 9 December 2010. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) Kukk, Ülle (2003). "The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ülle_Kukk

Methods in Molecular Biology. 436. pp. 47-52. doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-279-3_7. ISBN 978-1-58829-939-0. PMID 18370040. "Sendai ... Methods in Molecular Biology. 1602. pp. 103-110. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-6964-7_7. ISBN 978-1-4939-6962-3. PMID 28508216. ... Kursunel MA, Esendagli G (June 2017). "Corrigendum to "The untold story of IFN-γ in cancer biology" [Cytokine Growth Factor Rev ... Tatsumoto N, Arditi M, Yamashita M (September 2018). "Sendai Virus Propagation Using Chicken Eggs". Bio-Protocol. 8 (18). doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murine_respirovirus

The renovated facilities will serve students and faculty in biology, chemistry, computer science, mathematics, nursing, ... Biology; Criminal Justice; Computer Science; Information Technology; Elementary Education and Teaching; Psychology; Health ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governors_State_University

Biology. 2 (1): 419-444. doi:10.3390/biology2010419. PMC 4009869. PMID 24832669. H Kuhl, C Frankl-Vilches, A Bakker, G Mayr, G ... Molecular Biology and Evolution, https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msaa191. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesite

Campbell, N.A.; Reece, J.B. (2002). Biology. California: Benjamin Cummings. pp. 753-754. ISBN 978-0-8053-6624-2. Skobelev, O ( ... BMC Plant Biology. 10: 281. doi:10.1186/1471-2229-10-281. PMC 3023790. PMID 21167067. Wenke, Katrin; Wanke, Dierk; Kilian, ... Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology. 42 (1): 103-128. doi:10.1146/annurev.pp.42.060191.000535. " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoplast

2005). Brock Biology of Microorganisms (11th ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-144329-7. Huber, Harald; et al. (2002). "A new ... Campbell, N. "Biology:Concepts & Connections". Pearson Education. San Francisco: 2003. Harper, Douglas. "prokaryote". Online ... McFadden GI (1 December 1999). "Endosymbiosis and evolution of the plant cell". Current Opinion in Plant Biology. 2 (6): 513- ... McFadden GI (1999). "Endosymbiosis and evolution of the plant cell". Current Opinion in Plant Biology. 2 (6): 513-9. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_prokaryotes

Look up biology in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.. Wikiversity has learning resources about Biology at The School of Biology ... Molecular biology is the study of biology at the molecular level.[43] This field overlaps with other areas of biology, ... "Molecular Biology - Definition". biology-online.org. Retrieved 2013-10-02.. *^ Gray, Henry (1918). Anatomy of the Human Body ( ... Main article: Bibliography of biology. *. Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Walter P (2002). Molecular Biology ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biology

Journal of Experimental Biology is the leading primary research journal in comparative physiology and publishes papers on the ... The biology of fat. Guest editors: Raul K. Suarez and Hans H. Hoppeler ...

http://jeb.biologists.org

UTSA Department of Biology. Biotechnology, Sciences and Engineering Building (BSE), Suite 1.600 , 210-458-4511 , biology@utsa. ... Ph.D. in Marine Biology; Scripps Institution of Oceanography B.A. in Zoology; University of California, Santa Barbara ...

https://www.utsa.edu/biology/faculty/GeorgePerry.html

BIO 2018 Convention Summary. View the full stats and recap of the history-making BIO 2018 in Boston! ... Save the Date: BIO 2019. BIO is returning to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania June 3-6, 2019. ... BIO 2018 to Mark First 25 Years of the BIO Century in Boston ... BIO One-on-One Partnering™ * BIO One-on-One Partnering™ ... Following Food, Health and Environmental Future Day at the 2018 BIO International Convention, BIOs Executive ... ...

http://convention.bio.org/?utm_source=bio.org&utm_campaign=2017-General&utm_medium=events-overview

... is Europes flagship laboratory for basic research in molecular biology. EMBL operates from five sites: the main laboratory in ... Iskander Khusainov, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, France. 10:00 - Room 202 ... an intergovernmental organisation with more than 80 independent research groups covering the spectrum of molecular biology. It ...

https://www.embl.de/

"If its green or wriggles, its biology.. If it stinks, its chemistry.. If it doesnt work, its physics!" ...

http://www.neatoshop.com/product/The-Difference-Between-Biology-Chemistry-and-Physics

... of the NIA funds Nathan Shock Centers of Excellence in the Basic Biology of Aging across the U.S. There are currently 5 funded ... The Division of Aging Biology (DAB) of the NIA funds Nathan Shock Centers of Excellence in the Basic Biology of Aging across ... The Centers provide leadership in the pursuit of basic research into the biology of aging. They do so through a Research ... The Jackson Laboratory Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in the Basic Biology of Aging. The Jackson Laboratory. Gary A. ...

https://www.nia.nih.gov/research/dab/nathan-shock-centers-excellence

Info concerning University of Minnesota cellular biology, registering in a technical degree program, and taking free practice ... Cell Biology - Test 1. Cell Biology - Test 2. Industrial Chemistry 1. Industrial Chemistry 2. Industrial Chemistry 3. ... This website is not affiliated with University of Minnesota cellular biology, and all trademarks are exclusive property of the ... University of Minnesota cellular biology. To request course information, please complete this form. You may receive information ...

http://www.cellular-biology.org/University-of-Minnesota-cellular-biology.php

About Anpac Bio Decades of research by the worlds most respected cancer scientists and physicians consistently reveals one ... This fact led Anpac Bio Co-Founders, Dr. Chris Yu and Dr. Herbert Yu, to ask the question that ultimately launched the company: ... Anpac Bios proprietary Cancer Differentiation Analysis (CDA) technology detects early signals of threatening cancer-and the ... Together they founded Anpac Bio-Medical Science Co., Ltd. in 2008, bringing together a multi-national team of medical, ...

http://www.anpacbio.com

News from BiO. BiO is delighted to announce the appointment of Tristan Rodríguez (Imperial College London) to the editor team. ... Biology Open (BiO) is an online Open Access journal that supports the community of biologists through the publication of peer- ... BiO also aspires to promote a peer-review system that is timely, thorough, constructive and fair. ... Authors are encouraged to submit work of appropriate scope directly to BiO. Editorial decisions are made by an international ...

http://bio.biologists.org

... * 1. Health is a state of physical, mental and social well being. The conditions necessary for good health are :i) Good ...

https://www.slideshare.net/shaikhislam777/biology-27857220

Cell Biology (3 s.h.) S. (Formerly: BIOLOGY 0330.). Prerequisite: Biology 3096 (W204) with a C- or better. Recent developments ... Applied Biology (3 s.h.) F. RCI: SB.. (Formerly: BIOLOGY C073.). Prerequisite: Biology 1007 (C070) with a C- or better, or ... Molecular Biology (3 s.h.) F. (Formerly: BIOLOGY 0324.). Prerequisite: Biology 2296 (2203, 0203) with a grade of C- or better, ... Contemporary Biology (3 s.h.) F. (Formerly: BIOLOGY 3365 & 0385.). Prerequisite: Biology 3096 (W204) with a C- or better. ...

http://www.temple.edu/bulletin/archive/webarchive/bulletin2010/ugradbulletin/ucd/ucd_biology.html

Undergraduate Studies in Biology. The Department of Biology offers a wide variety of courses to its students, taught by award- ... Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Students in the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Ph.D program work closely with ... The community that forms the Department of Biology at the University of Oklahoma (OU Biology) is repulsed by the 400-year ... OU Biology appreciates, studies, and works to preserve the diversity of life and we will no longer be passive in the movement ...

https://www.ou.edu/cas/biology

Industrial Biology. Nature volume 216, pages957-958(1967)Cite this article ... Industrial Biology. Nature 216, 957-958 (1967). https://doi.org/10.1038/216957c0 ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/216957c0?error=cookies_not_supported&code=bd90c5b6-f68a-4fde-9052-34afa10aea6c

A parasite is an organism that lives on or in a host and gets its food from or at the expense of its host. Parasites can cause disease in humans.

https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/toxocariasis/biology.html

Computational evolutionary biology[edit]. Computational biology has assisted the field of evolutionary biology in many ... Some notable examples include Journal of Computational Biology and PLOS Computational Biology. The PLOS computational biology ... Cancer computational biology[edit]. Cancer computational biology is a field that aims to determine the future mutations in ... Computational biology, bioinformatics and mathematical biology are all interdisciplinary approaches to the life sciences that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_biology

Education and information about Toxoplasmosis biology specifically focusing on the Life Cycle of the parasite. ...

https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/toxoplasmosis/biology.html

"About Biology Open". Biology Open. The Company of Biologists. "News". Biology Open. The Company of Biologists. "BiO Online". ... "Journal metrics". Biology Open. The Company of Biologists. Raff, Jordan. "Biology Open (BiO) - making life easier for us all". ... Biology Open. The Company of Biologists. Raff, Jordan. "Lessons learned: eight years at the helm of Biology Open". Biology Open ... Biology Open (BiO) is an online-only peer-reviewed Open Access scientific journal published by The Company of Biologists. It ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biology_Open

Biometals are metals normally present, in small but important and measurable amounts, in biology, biochemistry, and medicine. ... BioMetals; An International Journal on the Role of Metal Ions in Biology, Biochemistry and Medicine. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biometal_(biology)

Cell Biology - Test 1. Cell Biology - Test 2. Industrial Chemistry 1. Industrial Chemistry 2. Industrial Chemistry 3. ... Molecular Biology. 299,319 views. The major procedures in molecular biology are covered in the following video, opening with a ... Biology is one of the original natural sciences, even reaching back as far as the study of anatomy in ancient Egypt, where ... Cellular biology may be broken down further into a structural analysis of cell organelles and lipid membrane boundries, such as ...

http://www.westfieldstateuniversity.org/Westfield-State-University-natural-history.php

Using a tiny array of electrodes implanted in the brains somatosensory cortex, Caltech scientists have induced sensations of touch and movement in the hand and arm of a paralyzed man ...

http://www.caltech.edu/tags/biology

... Pre-submission queries please contact Sam Keltie, Executive Editor Email: Send us an email ... Integrative Biology is part of the collection RSC Gold.. Online only 2018: ISSN 1757-9708, £1,024 / $1,952 ... Integrative Biology publishes original biological research based on innovative experimental and theoretical methodologies that ... Integrative Biology welcomes primary research papers (including fundamental and theoretical papers), Reviews and Technical ...

http://www.rsc.org/journals-books-databases/about-journals/integrative-biology/

Marine Biology A Course Outline Marine Biology A: Assignment Sheet. Marine Biology B Course Outline Marine Biology B: ... Welcome, Marine Biology Students!. This is Mr. Vallejos web page for marine biology classes at Chatsworth High School in the ... Ben Vallejo is an adjunct professor of biology at Moorpark College, as well as one of the forty-nine National Board Certified ... Student Reviews of Marine Web Sites: These reviews of marine web sites are written by our very own marine biology students here ...

http://www.angelfire.com/sc3/biology7/marine_index.htm

5 , Communications Biology. Fig. 5. From: A TonB-dependent receptor constitutes the outer membrane transport system for a ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-019-0676-z/figures/5?error=cookies_not_supported&code=8896e873-32d9-4cf5-960d-a4aac35512d3

Biology is the study of living things. Topics covered include:. 1. Chemistry of Life. 2. Structure and Function of Cells. 3. ... This is a full year Biology course designed to introduce you to basic biological principles and to provide laboratory and ...

https://sites.google.com/a/wrsd.net/mrs-hahn-wrhs-biology/

Welcome to Chemistry/Biology I Science at ABHS First semester of Chemistry/ Biology I science at ABHS is Chemistry I. The ... second semester of science is Biology I. This webpage will be updated frequently with important assignments and materials ...

https://sites.google.com/a/abhs.k12.nm.us/abhs-9th-grade-science/

Scientific American is the essential guide to the most awe-inspiring advances in science and technology, explaining how they change our understanding of the world and shape our lives.

https://www.scientificamerican.com/biology/?page=123

... is a bimonthly academic English journal supervised by the Ministry of Education of China. The journal is ... Related subjects » Animal Sciences - Biochemistry & Biophysics - Cell Biology - Evolutionary & Developmental Biology - ... cell and developmental biology, biochemistry and molecular biology, medical biology, microbiology, immunology, and plane ... cell and developmental biology, biochemistry and molecular biology, medical biology, microbiology, immunology, and plane ...

http://www.springer.com/life+sciences/biochemistry+%26+biophysics/journal/11515

Structural biology is a branch of molecular biology, biochemistry, and biophysics concerned with the molecular structure of ... Scholarships for Structural Biology Majors Bullet name award deadline Link • Bess Heflin Fellowship University of Texas ... Structural biology is a branch of molecular biology, biochemistry, and biophysics concerned with the molecular structure of ... Matching Structural Biology Colleges Yeshiva University Four or more years; Private not for profit; $40,000 average out-state ...

https://www.fastweb.com/directory/scholarships-for-structural-biology-majors

The life sciences are defined by the scale at which organisms are studied, in that biochemistry focuses on chemical processes of life while molecular biology involves molecules and protein synthesis. (southerncrescenttech.com)
[1] The field is broadly defined and includes foundations in biology , applied mathematics , statistics , biochemistry , chemistry , biophysics , molecular biology , genetics , genomics , computer science and evolution . (wikipedia.org)
Structural biology is a branch of molecular biology, biochemistry, and biophysics concerned with the molecular structure of biological macromolecules (especially proteins, made up of amino acids, and RNA or DNA, made up of nucleotides), how they acquire the structures they have, and how alterations in their structures affect their function. (fastweb.com)
Students may elect undergraduate level courses in a variety of areas of biology and biochemistry, or may choose to obtain more advanced, in-depth training in one particular area. (brandeis.edu)
While other course schedules are possible, the ones described above allows students ample time to complete the remaining requirements (biochemistry, calculus, physics, and three or five biology electives) for the biology degree during the junior and senior years and leaves students the option of enrolling in Senior Research during the senior year. (brandeis.edu)
While foundation-level courses are needed by all biologists (chemistry, physics, mathematics, as well as biology), advanced training in molecular biology (genetics, molecular techniques, biochemistry, environmental/medical forensics, statistics, and criminal justice procedures) will focus a student's skill-set to give them the background and training needed to enter the field of forensic biology. (bgsu.edu)
The mission of Bowdoin College's Biology Department is to offer an educational program that informs, challenges and stimulates undergraduates in a broad range of biological inquiry at many levels of organization, from biochemistry and molecular biology through population and ecosystem ecology. (bowdoin.edu)
Our work helps to develop the tools and techniques of biochemistry, molecular genetics, and structural biology. (bnl.gov)

This is Mr. Vallejo's web page for marine biology classes at Chatsworth High School in the Los Angeles Unified High School District . (angelfire.com)
These reviews of marine web sites are written by our very own marine biology students here at Chatsworth High School. (angelfire.com)
The Degree of Master of Science is offered in Biology and Marine Biology to full-time and part-time students. (mun.ca)
A program of study leading to a Degree of Master of Science with a specialization in Marine Biology is governed by the above regulations. (mun.ca)
The Marine Biology Centre produces outstanding research of our oceans, whilst leading the way in South Australia for students to study and experience first-hand, a broad range of projects within our marine ecosystems. (edu.au)
Marine biology at a land-locked college? (lawrence.edu)
The interdisciplinary Master's degree in Marine Science and Oceanography will be jointly administered by the Charles E. Schmidt College of Science and Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, and will foster collaboration between HBOI and existing strengths at FAU in marine biology and geoscience. (constantcontact.com)
In addition to on-campus facilities, students may study marine biology and desert biology through the use of facilities available in the Southern California Ocean Studies Consortium and the Desert Studies Consortium. (csudh.edu)

Check with the developmental biology department for course registration deadlines, and evolution program requirements. (southerncrescenttech.com)
Beyond major requirements within the developmental biology department, you may consider Williston State College medical transcription as a complementary elective to your primary course of study. (southerncrescenttech.com)
Dr Philip Lewis is an Honorary Reader in the Cell and Developmental Biology department at UCL. (ucl.ac.uk)
To this end, the Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory uses basic research to understand important toxicological principles in the context of reproductive and developmental health at a fundamental level. (nih.gov)
The Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory is comprised of five research groups that study the mechanisms and molecules with key roles in reproduction and development. (nih.gov)
The Department of Cell and Developmental Biology has a very active MPhil/PhD programme. (ucl.ac.uk)
Select 'Division of Biosciences' for the UCL Department you are applying to and 'Research Degree: Cell and Developmental Biology' for Programme Title. (ucl.ac.uk)
The 3 year version is available in laboratories in the Cell and Developmental Biology Department. (ucl.ac.uk)
Microbiome research has thus integrated the diverse fields of microbiology, genomics, bioinformatics, cell and developmental biology and health and medicine, among others. (biomedcentral.com)

Computational biology involves the development and application of data-analytical and theoretical methods, mathematical modeling and computational simulation techniques to the study of biological, ecological, behavioral, and social systems. (wikipedia.org)
Computational biology is different from biological computing , which is a subfield of computer science and computer engineering using bioengineering and biology to build computers , but is similar to bioinformatics , which is an interdisciplinary science using computers to store and process biological data. (wikipedia.org)
Computational Biology, which includes many aspects of bioinformatics , is the science of using biological data to develop algorithms or models to understand biological systems and relationships. (wikipedia.org)
Since the late 1990s, computational biology has become an important part of developing emerging technologies for the field of biology. (wikipedia.org)
[4] The terms computational biology and evolutionary computation have a similar name, but are not to be confused. (wikipedia.org)
Unlike computational biology, evolutionary computation is not concerned with modeling and analyzing biological data. (wikipedia.org)
Sometimes referred to as genetic algorithms , the research of this field can be applied to computational biology. (wikipedia.org)
While evolutionary computation is not inherently a part of computational biology, Computational evolutionary biology is a subfield of it. (wikipedia.org)
Computational biology has been used to help sequence the human genome, create accurate models of the human brain, and assist in modeling biological systems. (wikipedia.org)

View the full stats and recap of the history-making BIO 2018 in Boston! (bio.org)
Miss a Session at BIO 2018? (bio.org)

The biology department has more than 25 full-time faculty members with teaching and research interests in the fields of genetics, molecular biology, development, immunology, neurobiology, motility, cell biology, and structural biology. (brandeis.edu)

Students in the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Ph.D program work closely with internationally recognized experts in areas ranging from physiological ecology to phylogenetic reconstruction. (ou.edu)
Becker will serve as an Assistant Professor of Biology in the area of Population / Disease Ecology. (ou.edu)
During the twentieth century, ecology evolved to include all major fields of biology and became a cause célèbre for environmentalists, who co-opted the term in the wake of Rachel Carson 's Silent Spring (1962). (encyclopedia.com)

Throughout the 2020-21 academic year, the OU Department of Biology will take its popular department seminar series online via Zoom Meetings. (ou.edu)

and evolutionary biology examines the processes that produced the diversity of life. (wikipedia.org)
Get the facts about Southern Crescent Tech evolutionary biology, and registering for elective seminars and lectures. (southerncrescenttech.com)
Concentrating on Southern Crescent Tech evolutionary biology, for example, you may gain an advantage in job recruiting on-campus. (southerncrescenttech.com)
Evolutionary theory is a cornerstone of biology. (ou.edu)
Paleontology remained disenfranchised from mainstream evolutionary thought through the eclipse of Darwinism (1875-1925), but, following the reunification of Darwin's views in modern biology in the Modern Synthesis (1940), paleontology became a unique discipline combining approaches in both geology and biology. (encyclopedia.com)
The modern era of molecular biology and molecular genetics has enabled much to be learnt about how plastids function, and how they relate to their evolutionary past. (cambridge.org)

Journal of Experimental Biology is the leading primary research journal in comparative physiology and publishes papers on the form and function of living organisms at all levels of biological organisation, from the molecular and subcellular to the integrated whole animal. (biologists.org)
Biology Open (BiO) is an online Open Access journal that supports the community of biologists through the publication of peer-reviewed original research across all aspects of the biological sciences. (biologists.org)
Integrative Biology publishes original biological research based on innovative experimental and theoretical methodologies that answer biological questions. (rsc.org)
This is a full year Biology course designed to introduce you to basic biological principles and to provide laboratory and activity based learning opportunities that reinforce these principles. (google.com)
Biology & Philosophy aims to publish the best original work in philosophy of biology, broadly understood to span conceptual, theoretical, and methodological issues in the biological sciences. (springer.com)
He delivers the Dynamic Biological Systems module to UCL undergraduates and the SysMIC eLearning course which provides training in quantitative biology aimed at the postgraduate research community. (ucl.ac.uk)
The undergraduate program in biology, leading either to the B.A. or to the B.S. degree, is designed to give students an understanding of both fundamental and current biological knowledge in a variety of fields. (brandeis.edu)
A concentration in biology provides excellent preparation for students intent on careers in biological research who want to go to graduate school, for those seeking careers in medicine, veterinary medicine, and dentistry, and for those interested in the allied health professions such as genetic counseling, physical therapy, physician assistant, and so forth. (brandeis.edu)
The graduate program in molecular and cell biology, leading to the degree of doctor of philosophy, is designed to provide each student with the theoretical foundations and research experience needed to become an independent and original investigator of basic biological phenomena. (brandeis.edu)
I recently took part in a panel at Engineering Biology for Science & Industry , where I talked about the path biology is taking as it becomes more and more of an engineering discipline, and how understanding the path electronics followed will help us build our own hopes and dreams for the biological revolution. (oreilly.com)
Since biological entities span a range from macromolecules such as DNA and proteins within cells, to organs such as animal hearts or plant leaves, to entire ecosystems, you'll be exposed to the breadth of biology through courses, labs, local and global field experiences and research. (lawrence.edu)
Researchers in Brookhaven's Biology Department seek to unravel and describe the complexities of biological systems-from how plants make oils and other products to the role of proteins in disease. (bnl.gov)
Please check out our list of available projects within the Department of Biology and Biological Engineering. (chalmers.se)
The minor in Biology will provide a concentration in modern biological sciences and is especially valuable to students who are considering graduate studies in biomechanics, biomedical engineering, or the management of a biologically-based company. (astate.edu)
Courses with significant biological content offered by other departments may be approved as biology credits (to a maximum of 6 credits, by permission of the Biology Department). (mta.ca)
Allen School faculty and students collaborate with researchers in biology and medicine on a wide range of computational problems that will ultimately enable us to understand complex biological systems. (washington.edu)
Biology Open is abstracted and/or indexed by: Biological Abstracts CAB Abstracts Chemical Abstracts Thomson ISI PubMed Central PubMed Scopus It is a member of OASPA (Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association) and is indexed in the DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals). (wikipedia.org)

Although systems biology models should be used with care considering the complexity of regulatory programs and the limitations of current genomics data, methods describing interactions can provide hypotheses about the underlying cause of emergent properties and are needed if we are to identify target genes other than those constituting the "low hanging fruit" of genomic analysis. (diva-portal.org)
Research in the field of Systems Biology is highly interdisciplinary. (ucl.ac.uk)
Vivek Kohar and Mingyang Lu from Jackson Laboratory have developed a systems-biology modeling method s tochastic ra ndom ci rcuit pe rturbation (sRACIPE), which takes the GRC topology as the only input, and simulates an ensemble of models with random kinetic parameters at multiple noise levels. (nature.com)

Integrative Biology welcomes primary research papers (including fundamental and theoretical papers), Reviews and Technical innovations. (rsc.org)

Submit your ideas for sessions and speakers at BIO 2019. (bio.org)
BIO 2019 will be held at the Pennsylvania Convention Center: 1101 Arch St, Philadelphia, PA 19107. (bio.org)

Founded in 1974, EMBL is Europe's flagship laboratory for the life sciences - an intergovernmental organisation with more than 80 independent research groups covering the spectrum of molecular biology. (embl.de)
The Division of Aging Biology (DAB) of the NIA funds Nathan Shock Centers of Excellence in the Basic Biology of Aging across the U.S. There are currently 5 funded Centers, in Maine (The Jackson Laboratory), Michigan (University of Michigan), Texas (University of Texas Health Sciences Center in San Antonio), Washington (University of Washington) and New York (Albert Einstein College of Medicine). (nih.gov)
It features over 300 classroom-ready activities ranging from word-based problem-solving exercises to hands-on laboratory experiments and includes examples drawn from biology, physics, chemistry, and the geosciences, all linked to National Science Education Standards. (csun.edu)
Laboratory Safety - Laboratory safety for the biology classroom. (csun.edu)
Equipping the Biology Laboratory - Strategies for developing your lab. (csun.edu)
As a Plant Biology major, you will have the opportunity to participate in a two-term independent research project in a plant biology laboratory supervised by faculty member where you will gain hands-on research experience. (ucalgary.ca)
Together with the Collider-Accelerator Department, the Biology Department manages the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL) at Brookhaven, which is used by radiobiologists and physicists to study the effects of space radiation on both living and non-living systems with the aim of protecting future astronauts. (bnl.gov)
Dr. Ted Graber working in the Muscle Biology Laboratory. (utmb.edu)
This pattern also provides an excellent foundation for studies in pre-medicine, pre-dentistry and pre-veterinary medicine and may qualify students for positions as biology laboratory technicians. (ccbcmd.edu)

This data has now become commonplace, particularly in molecular biology and genomics . (wikipedia.org)

The Department of Biology offers a wide variety of courses to its students, taught by award-winning faculty members. (ou.edu)
The OU Department of Biology is pleased to welcome Dr. Alexandra Bentz, who will join our faculty next fall. (ou.edu)
A complete list of faculty research interests and recent publications is available from the biology department or can be viewed on the World Wide Web at www.bio.brandeis.edu. (brandeis.edu)
Our outstanding faculty, state-of-the-art lab facilities, close proximity to field sites, and small class sizes provide our students hands-on experience across the full range of modern biology disciplines, from the sub-cellular level to the biosphere. (middlebury.edu)
One of our largest majors at Lawrence, the biology program's coursework and collaborative research with faculty will help you study and apply your talents to create new knowledge. (lawrence.edu)
The faculty of the Biology Department seeks to share the excitement of these discoveries with students. (csbsju.edu)
The students and faculty of the Biology Department are a community of learners, using inquiry-based methods to investigate the breadth of biology, its connection to other disciplines, and its relevance to individuals and to society. (csbsju.edu)
The most important feature of the Biology Department is its excellent faculty, all members of which hold the doctorate. (csudh.edu)
Since the Biology faculty maintains several diverse research programs that are well supported with public and private funds, the department can provide both undergraduate and graduate students with opportunities to actively participate in research. (csudh.edu)

Workshop on Synthetic Biology took place on 10 December 2015. (europa.eu)
Speakers from academia, scientific committees, Commission services and Member States made presentations on synthetic biology. (europa.eu)
The workshop provided the opportunity to review the work on synthetic biology at EU level and to discuss challenges that synthetic biology may pose. (europa.eu)
What is synthetic biology? (europa.eu)
Inspired by the way open source data has stimulated innovation in computing, a new UK centre will create a climate of openness in synthetic biology, helping young researchers and entrepreneurs develop and share new tools and libraries of plant DNA. (cam.ac.uk)
In this new episode of the Hardware Podcast-which features our first discussion focusing specifically on synthetic biology-David Cranor and I talk with Charles Fracchia , an IBM Fellow at the MIT Media Lab and founder of the synthetic biology company BioBright . (oreilly.com)
Cell-free systems (CFS) have recently evolved into key platforms for synthetic biology applications. (biomedcentral.com)
Many synthetic biology tools have traditionally relied on cell-based systems, and while their adoption has s. (biomedcentral.com)
In the ChemBio division, we combine and develop protein engineering, synthetic chemistry, and state-of-the-art biophysical methods (spectroscopy, live cell imaging and nanotechnology) to address cutting-edge questions in biology to meet medical challenges related to human health. (chalmers.se)

Digital Biology Friday: Who were those molecules anyway? (scienceblogs.com)

Info concerning University of Minnesota cellular biology, registering in a technical training program, and taking tests for free online. (cellular-biology.org)
If you major in cellular biology, for example, there are a variety of specializations that may appeal to you, such as medical assisting or occupational rehabilitation. (cellular-biology.org)
Further, due to advances in medical systems, there is a growing skill-shortage of graduates in cellular biology, and nursing professionals in general. (cellular-biology.org)
Cellular biology may be broken down further into a structural analysis of cell organelles and lipid membrane boundries, such as in skin tissue or alveolar sacs in the lungs. (southerncrescenttech.com)
In this accessible text, Kevin Pyke expertly describes how the plastids are highly complex organelles at the very core of plant cellular function, providing final year undergraduate and graduate students with an overview of plastid biology and recent developments in the field. (cambridge.org)

Biology is the natural science that involves the study of life and living organisms , including their physical structure , chemical composition , function , development and evolution . (wikipedia.org)
Biology recognizes the cell as the basic unit of life, genes as the basic unit of heredity , and evolution as the engine that propels the creation of new species . (wikipedia.org)
Biology in general is the study of life and living organisms, with specific attention to function, growth, evolution, identification and taxonomy. (southerncrescenttech.com)
Biology is the natural science that studies life and living organisms, including their physical structure, chemical processes, molecular interactions, physiological mechanisms, development and evolution. (fastweb.com)
This course introduces the fundamentals of organismal biology: the scientific method, principles of evolution including Darwin's theory of natural selection, adaptations in organismal form and function, biodiversity, the interactions of organisms with their environment, and the practices of scientific communication. (mta.ca)

Why choose Plant Biology? (ucalgary.ca)
Plant Biology is a challenging, dynamic, and broad branch of biology. (ucalgary.ca)
A degree in Plant Biology can also be used as a stepping-stone to graduate studies or a professional degree such as law, medicine, veterinary medicine, or architecture. (ucalgary.ca)
I learned about the plant biology program soon after starting my studies at UCalgary. (ucalgary.ca)
This inspired me to major in plant biology, and I haven't looked back. (ucalgary.ca)

This special issue captures some of the progress being made in a field of research that has infiltrated traditional life science domains and changed our perception of organismal biology. (biomedcentral.com)

The Centers provide leadership in the pursuit of basic research into the biology of aging. (nih.gov)
Staff of the Biology Department conduct research and offer teaching programs in all these areas. (mcgill.ca)
The Department of Biology's well-equipped teaching and research laboratories are located in the Stewart Biology Building and the Bellini Life Sciences Building. (mcgill.ca)
BiO is looking to appoint a new member of its international team of research-active Editors . (biologists.org)
Congratulations to the recipients of the 2021 Biology Department Undergraduate Research Award. (bu.edu)
Sub-disciplines of biology are defined by the research methods employed and the kind of system studied: theoretical biology uses mathematical methods to formulate quantitative models while experimental biology performs empirical experiments to test the validity of proposed theories and understand the mechanisms underlying life and how it appeared and evolved from non-living matter about 4 billion years ago through a gradual increase in the complexity of the system. (fastweb.com)
Understand the uses of modelling in biology with reference to examples drawn across the spectrum of bioscience research. (ucl.ac.uk)
The journal Genome Biology is published by BioMedCentral, and offers free access to primary research articles and a preprint depository to which authors may submit work for free distribution over the web. (scidev.net)
It aims to provide an international forum for the dissemination, discussion and critical review of information about all areas of biology informed by genomic research. (scidev.net)
The Department of Biology takes advantage of the learning and research opportunities provided by the diverse animal and plant habitats. (uwec.edu)
Senior Capstone in Biology course (BIOL 380), LAB version, in which students will collaboratively undertake a hands-on research project and write it up in a scientific paper. (csbsju.edu)
The Muscle Biology lab is on the 10th floor of the medical research building and is a component of the 5,000 sq. ft. of wet lab space for researchers from the Department of Nutrition & Metabolism and the Sealy Center on Aging. (utmb.edu)
In addition to wet lab space, the muscle biology lab also uses a newly built exercise training facility for performing clinical trials utilizing exercise interventions and the UTMB CTSA Clinical Research Center for performing metabolic studies and muscle biopsies. (utmb.edu)
The Rehabilitation Sciences program has four research focus areas including the Muscle Biology of Rehabilitation track. (utmb.edu)
This year, the fourth annual John Nambu Memorial Summer REU Program welcomed seven participants from The Wilkes Honors College and the Biology department to research labs on the FAU Jupiter and Boca Raton campuses. (constantcontact.com)
Dr. Alex Keene, Associate Professor in the Biology Department, hosted the 8th annual Flies on the Beach Research Symposium at FAU's John D. MacArthur Campus in Jupiter. (constantcontact.com)
The Biology Department's teaching and research facilities are modern and well equipped. (csudh.edu)
Biology students have been successful, not only in conducting research, but in presenting reports at scientific meetings, publishing their findings and in receiving national recognition for the high quality of their work. (csudh.edu)
Biology Open considers original research, Methods & Techniques papers, papers on computational analysis, replication studies and reports presenting negative results. (wikipedia.org)
Biology Open is a signatory of the San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment (DORA). (wikipedia.org)

To learn more about the biology concentration, students should attend the 'Meet the Majors' meeting held each fall or consult with the undergraduate advising head. (brandeis.edu)
Courses in the Biology Department also meet the needs of non-majors and contribute to general scientific literacy. (bowdoin.edu)
The Biology Department requires that each semester prior to or during registration, students meet with their biology advisor to review their progress, select new courses, update their advisement file (departmental files are maintained for all majors and graduate students), and to discuss any special problems they may have encountered. (csudh.edu)

BMC Biology publishes authoritative reviews on diverse topics. (biomedcentral.com)

Chemistry 1031 and 1032 (formerly C071 and C072) must be passed with a C or better as prerequisites to Biology 1111 and 2112 (formerly 0101 and 0102), respectively. (temple.edu)
Removal of required BIO and CHE prerequisites. (csudh.edu)

The inter-connecting labs allow for scientific collaboration among other researchers interested in muscle biology, metabolism and aging. (utmb.edu)

Cytology Cytology is the branch of biology that studies cells, the building blocks of life. (bookrags.com)

Genome Biology and BMC Biology are pleased to launch the publication of this special issue on Microbiome Biology. (biomedcentral.com)

1007. Foundations of Biology (4 s.h. (temple.edu)
Students will begin with Foundations of Biology (BIOL 101), followed by two intermediate courses (BIOL 201 and 202). (csbsju.edu)

Biology and identification of disease-carrying, toxic and parasitic arthropods. (bgsu.edu)

In addition to conceptual/theoretical lecture courses, students will get hands-on training in molecular biology techniques through our new course facilitated by Dr. Scott Rogers . (bgsu.edu)

A student will be required to take a minimum of 6 credit hours and Biology 7000 (Graduate Core Seminar). (mun.ca)
Students will be required to take Biology 7000 (Graduate Core Seminar) and an additional 12 credit hours. (mun.ca)
The remaining credit hours may be selected from any other Biology graduate courses or relevant graduate courses in other Departments. (mun.ca)
Our goal is to educate student in biology to prepare for graduate school or for professions in education or allied health professions, as well as to become life-long learners and well-informed citizens. (csbsju.edu)
In addition to covering current and historical concepts and controversies in biology, the curriculum is designed to give students critical analytical, problem-solving, quantitative and writing skills, thereby preparing them for further study in biology and related fields at the graduate level, in the health professions, in scientific education, or in other areas, depending upon the students' interests. (bowdoin.edu)
Graduate students in the Muscle Biology lab enroll in the UTMB Rehabilitation Sciences PhD program. (utmb.edu)

An introduction to the principles of biology using the human as a model organism. (temple.edu)
Homeostasis is one of the basic principles of biology. (scienceblogs.com)

Please reach out to Biology Department Chair Kim McCall or BU Development . (bu.edu)

1001. Human Biology (4 s.h. (temple.edu)

[1] Modern biology is a vast field, composed of many branches . (wikipedia.org)
Although modern biology is a relatively recent development, sciences related to and included within it have been studied since ancient times. (wikipedia.org)
However, the origins of modern biology and its approach to the study of nature are most often traced back to ancient Greece . (wikipedia.org)
Modern biology is becoming an interdisciplinary field, overlapping with biomedical engineering, molecular chemistry, and genetics. (southerncrescenttech.com)

Biology deals with the study of life and organisms . (wikipedia.org)
Biology is the study of living organisms, their structure, life processes, and their interactions with each other and their environment. (ccbcmd.edu)

The science that concerns itself with these objects we will indicate by the name biology [Biologie] or the doctrine of life [Lebenslehre]. (wikipedia.org)

Neuroscience is an interdisciplinary field, drawing upon biology , psychology , and philosophy to understand the mind, how the brain functions, and the role of the nervous system in normal and abnormal behavior. (middlebury.edu)

Together they founded Anpac Bio-Medical Science Co., Ltd. in 2008, bringing together a multi-national team of medical, biomedical and nanotechnology scientists, and engineering experts. (anpacbio.com)
For authors who originally submitted to Development, Journal of Cell Science, Journal of Experimental Biology or Disease Models & Mechanisms, there is a simple option to request transfer of your article for consideration by BiO if the paper is not accepted. (biologists.org)
Ben Vallejo is an adjunct professor of biology at Moorpark College , as well as one of the forty-nine National Board Certified Teachers in science in the state of California. (angelfire.com)
First semester of Chemistry/ Biology I science at ABHS is Chemistry I. The second semester of science is Biology I. This webpage will be updated frequently with important assignments and materials throughout the year so be sure to check this page often! (google.com)
Science Museums - Science museums with biology science exhibits. (csun.edu)
Science Shows - Science shows that illustrate biology concepts. (csun.edu)
The Biology Department is part of Brookhaven's Environment, Biology, and Nuclear Science & Nonproliferation Directorate . (bnl.gov)
The Biology Program at CSU Dominguez Hills is designed to provide students with intensive, progressive and balanced learning experiences in cell and molecular biology, organismalbiology, population and community biology, and environmental science. (csudh.edu)
Biology is fast becoming an information science, with large databases and sophisticated algorithms now essential tools in the field. (washington.edu)

Scholars of the medieval Islamic world who wrote on biology included al-Jahiz (781-869), Al-Dīnawarī (828-896), who wrote on botany, [10] and Rhazes (865-925) who wrote on anatomy and physiology . (wikipedia.org)

Biology is one of the original natural sciences, even reaching back as far as the study of anatomy in ancient Egypt, where evidence has been found of surgery, forensics, and anatomical knowledge of both organ structure and function. (southerncrescenttech.com)

Frontiers in Biology provides a forum for a broad range of invited and unsolicited high quality critical review papers, in English, on the latest advances in all areas of Biology in order to promote rapid communication and the exchange of ideas among biologists all around the world. (springer.com)
Biology Open (BiO) is an online-only peer-reviewed Open Access scientific journal published by The Company of Biologists. (wikipedia.org)

Students cannot receive credit for this course if they have successfully completed Biology 0948. (temple.edu)
Students cannot receive credit for this course if they have successfully completed Biology 0848. (temple.edu)
100% of donations to these two funds are used to support BU Biology students. (bu.edu)
Students wishing to concentrate in biology should enroll in General Chemistry during their first year. (brandeis.edu)
The goals of the Biology department are to provide students opportunities to explore the diversity of life within the tradition of a liberal arts education. (middlebury.edu)
Helen Young (Biology) and her students have recently been exploring the effects of landscape on pollinator: How does the presence of forest around a field affect the number and diversity of bee pollinators? (middlebury.edu)
Revision Guide to support students of Cambridge O Level Biology through their course and help them to prepare for assessment. (cambridge.org)
Senior Capstone in Biology (BIOL 380), LIB version, in which students will collaboratively write a review paper that investigates a novel thesis and/or synthesizes novel connections. (csbsju.edu)
The courses expose students to the ways of thinking, concepts and contemporary problems at the different levels of biology. (bowdoin.edu)
Students intending to take a Major or Minor or Honours in Biology should consult the Department website and/or a Program Advisor before completing registration. (mta.ca)
Students who intend to continue to study in Biology should note the need to complete BIOC 1001 as a prerequisite for BIOL 1501. (mta.ca)

Anatomy12

Organisms20

Diseases7

Chemicals and Drugs15

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment44

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes77

Disciplines and Occupations42

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena10

Technology, Industry, Agriculture10

Humanities8

Information Science25

Named Groups1

Health Care14

Time-resolved analysis and visualization of dynamic processes in living cells. (1/657)

Cloning and embryonic stem cells: a new era in human biology and medicine. (2/657)

Chemical biology: the promise, and confusion, of adolescence. (3/657)

DBcat: a catalog of 500 biological databases. (4/657)

Database resources of the National Center for Biotechnology Information. (5/657)

Teaching experimental design to biologists. (6/657)

Theoretical biology in the third millennium. (7/657)

The past, the future and the biology of memory storage. (8/657)

Biology

Systems Biology

Molecular Biology

Developmental Biology

Synthetic Biology

Computational Biology

Models, Biological

Genomics

Signal Transduction

Gene Expression Profiling

Biological Evolution

Software

Gene Regulatory Networks

History, 20th Century

Algorithms

History, 21st Century

Metabolic Networks and Pathways

Neoplasms

Proteomics

Physics

Molecular Sequence Data

Biotechnology

Computer Simulation

Cells

Phylogeny

Genetic Engineering

Cell Physiological Phenomena

Databases, Genetic

Proteins

Genome

Internet

Phenotype

Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis

Evolution, Molecular

Bioengineering

Proteome

Research

Models, Genetic

Sequence Analysis, DNA

Reproduction

Radiobiology

Nobel Prize

Cell Differentiation

Stem Cells

Gene Expression Regulation

User-Computer Interface

Cell Physiological Processes

Mutation

Embryology

History, 19th Century

Protein Interaction Mapping

Biochemistry

Models, Molecular

Societies, Scientific

Databases, Factual

Life Cycle Stages

Amino Acid Sequence

Students

Biological Science Disciplines

Drug Discovery

Science

Base Sequence

Artificial Cells

Species Specificity

Transcriptome

Universities

Plants

Teaching

Disease

Information Storage and Retrieval

Programming Languages

Cell Proliferation

Drug Design

Genetic Variation

Cluster Analysis

Host-Parasite Interactions

Gene Expression

Database Management Systems

Computer Graphics

MicroRNAs