Biological Warfare
Biological Warfare Agents
Chemical Warfare
Chemical Warfare Agents
Glanders
Bioterrorism
Burkholderia mallei
Plague
Anthrax
An acute infection caused by the spore-forming bacteria BACILLUS ANTHRACIS. It commonly affects hoofed animals such as sheep and goats. Infection in humans often involves the skin (cutaneous anthrax), the lungs (inhalation anthrax), or the gastrointestinal tract. Anthrax is not contagious and can be treated with antibiotics.
Psychological Warfare
Korean War
Democratic People's Republic of Korea
Nigeria
Poliomyelitis
An acute infectious disease of humans, particularly children, caused by any of three serotypes of human poliovirus (POLIOVIRUS). Usually the infection is limited to the gastrointestinal tract and nasopharynx, and is often asymptomatic. The central nervous system, primarily the spinal cord, may be affected, leading to rapidly progressive paralysis, coarse FASCICULATION and hyporeflexia. Motor neurons are primarily affected. Encephalitis may also occur. The virus replicates in the nervous system, and may cause significant neuronal loss, most notably in the spinal cord. A rare related condition, nonpoliovirus poliomyelitis, may result from infections with nonpoliovirus enteroviruses. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp764-5)
Poliovirus Vaccines
Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral
A live vaccine containing attenuated poliovirus, types I, II, and III, grown in monkey kidney cell tissue culture, used for routine immunization of children against polio. This vaccine induces long-lasting intestinal and humoral immunity. Killed vaccine induces only humoral immunity. Oral poliovirus vaccine should not be administered to immunocompromised individuals or their household contacts. (Dorland, 28th ed)
World War II
Education, Nursing, Graduate
Nanotubes, Carbon
Neoplasms, Mesothelial
Neoplasms composed of tissue of the mesothelium, the layer of flat cells, derived from the mesoderm, which lines the body cavity of the embryo. In the adult it forms the simple squamous epithelium which covers all true serous membranes (peritoneum, pericardium, pleura). The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in these organs. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
Bioterrorism alleging use of anthrax and interim guidelines for management--United States, 1998. (1/96)
From October 30 through December 23, 1998, CDC received reports of a series of bioterroristic threats of anthrax exposure. Letters alleged to contain anthrax were sent to health clinics on October 30, 1998, in Indiana, Kentucky, and Tennessee. During December 17-23 in California, a letter alleged to contain anthrax was sent to a private business, and three telephone threats of anthrax contamination of ventilation systems were made to private and public buildings. All threats were hoaxes and are under investigation by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and local law enforcement officials. The public health implications of these threats were investigated to assist in developing national public health guidelines for responding to bioterrorism. This report summarizes the findings of these investigations and provides interim guidance for public health authorities on bioterrorism related to anthrax. (+info)Health status of Persian Gulf War veterans: self-reported symptoms, environmental exposures and the effect of stress. (2/96)
BACKGROUND: Most US troops returned home from the Persian Gulf War (PGW) by Spring 1991 and many began reporting increased health symptoms and medical problems soon after. This investigation examines the relationships between several Gulf-service environmental exposures and health symptom reporting, and the role of traumatic psychological stress on the exposure-health symptom relationships. METHODS: Stratified, random samples of two cohorts of PGW veterans, from the New England area (n = 220) and from the New Orleans area (n = 71), were selected from larger cohorts being followed longitudinally since arrival home from the Gulf. A group of PGW-era veterans deployed to Germany (n = 50) served as a comparison group. The study protocol included questionnaires, a neuropsychological test battery, an environmental interview, and psychological diagnostic interviews. This report focuses on self-reported health symptoms and exposures of participants who completed a 52-item health symptom checklist and a checklist of environmental exposures. RESULTS: The prevalence of reported symptoms was greater in both Persian Gulf-deployed cohorts compared to the Germany cohort. Analyses of the body-system symptom scores (BSS), weighted to account for sampling design, and adjusted by age, sex, and education, indicated that Persian Gulf-deployed veterans were more likely to report neurological, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, cardiac, dermatological, musculoskeletal, psychological and neuropsychological system symptoms than Germany veterans. Using a priori hypotheses about the toxicant effects of exposure to specific toxicants, the relationships between self-reported exposures and body-system symptom groupings were examined through multiple regression analyses, controlling for war-zone exposure and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Self-reported exposures to pesticides, debris from Scuds, chemical and biological warfare (CBW) agents, and smoke from tent heaters each were significantly related to increased reporting of specific predicted BSS groupings. CONCLUSIONS: Veterans deployed to the Persian Gulf have higher self-reported prevalence of health symptoms compared to PGW veterans who were deployed only as far as Germany. Several Gulf-service environmental exposures are associated with increased health symptom reporting involving predicted body-systems, after adjusting for war-zone stressor exposures and PTSD. (+info)The efforts of WHO and Pugwash to eliminate chemical and biological weapons--a memoir. (3/96)
The World Health Organization and the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs (Nobel Peace Prize 1995) have been involved in questions concerning chemical and biological arms since the early 1950s. This memoir reviews a number of milestones in the efforts of these organizations to achieve the elimination of these weapons through international treaties effectively monitored and enforced for adherence to their provisions. It also highlights a number of outstanding personalities who were involved in the efforts to establish and implement the two major treaties now in effect, the Biological Weapons Convention of 1972 and the Chemical Weapons Convention of 1993. (+info)Chemical and biological weapons: new questions, new answers. (4/96)
The words "chemical and biological weapons" (CBW) send a shiver down most spines these days. With the end of the Cold War, the possibility of a massive nuclear confrontation appears remote, so today many popular doomsday scenarios center on the aggressive use of chemical or biological warfare by rogue nations or terrorist groups. As exaggerated as some of the accounts are, with CBW cast as the latest unseen, unstoppable enemy, the threat posed by these weapons is all too real, and growing. (+info)Biological warfare agents as threats to potable water. (5/96)
Nearly all known biological warfare agents are intended for aerosol application. Although less effective as potable water threats, many are potentially capable of inflicting heavy casualties when ingested. Significant loss of mission capability can be anticipated even when complete recovery is possible. Properly maintained field army water purification equipment can counter this threat, but personnel responsible for the operation and maintenance of the equipment may be most at risk of exposure. Municipal water treatment facilities would be measurably less effective. Some replicating (infectious) agents and a few biotoxins are inactivated by chlorine disinfection; for others chlorine is ineffective or of unknown efficacy. This report assesses the state of our knowledge of agents as potable water threats and contemplates the consequences of intentional or collateral contamination of potable water supplies by 18 replicating agents and 9 biotoxins known or likely to be weaponized or otherwise used as threats. (+info)The next target of bioterrorism: your food. (6/96)
One of the many forms that biological warfare may take is the targeting of major food crops. In a poor country where millions of citizens depend on staple crops such as rice, an act of bioterrorism that destroys the crop would create a famine, resulting not only in malnutrition and starvation but also in reduced immune resistance to a range of common illnesses. To reduce the potential of deliberate introductions of crop pathogens as acts of terrorism, researchers must be able to "fingerprint" pathogens at the molecular level and discriminate between naturally occurring and deliberately introduced outbreaks. Several domestic and international surveillance, tracking, and reporting efforts are under way. (+info)Biological and chemical terrorism: strategic plan for preparedness and response. Recommendations of the CDC Strategic Planning Workgroup. (7/96)
The U.S. national civilian vulnerability to the deliberate use of biological and chemical agents has been highlighted by recognition of substantial biological weapons development programs and arsenals in foreign countries, attempts to acquire or possess biological agents by militants, and high-profile terrorist attacks. Evaluation of this vulnerability has focused on the role public health will have detecting and managing the probable covert biological terrorist incident with the realization that the U.S. local, state, and federal infrastructure is already strained as a result of other important public health problems. In partnership with representatives for local and state health departments, other federal agencies, and medical and public health professional associations, CDC has developed a strategic plan to address the deliberate dissemination of biological or chemical agents. The plan contains recommendations to reduce U.S. vulnerability to biological and chemical terrorism--preparedness planning, detection and surveillance, laboratory analysis, emergency response, and communication systems. Training and research are integral components for achieving these recommendations. Success of the plan hinges on strengthening the relationships between medical and public health professionals and on building new partnerships with emergency management, the military, and law enforcement professionals. (+info)Stopping poliovirus vaccination after eradication: issues and challenges. (8/96)
Since 1988 reported polio cases worldwide have declined by about 85% and the number of known or suspected polioendemic countries has decreased from over 120 to less than 50. With eradication of poliomyelitis approaching, issues potentially affecting when and how vaccination against poliovirus can be stopped become extremely important. Because of the potential risks and benefits inherent in such a decision, the best available science, a risk-benefit analysis, contingency plans, a stock pile of poliovirus vaccines, and the endorsement by the global policy-making committees will all be needed before vaccination can be discontinued. The scientific basis for stopping polio immunization has been reviewed by WHO. This Round Table article summarizes the current state of knowledge, provides an update on the processes and timelines for certification, containment, and stopping vaccination, and highlights some of the unanswered scientific questions that will be addressed by further research. These include whether transmission of vaccine-derived poliovirus strains could be sustained so that poliomyelitis could re-emerge in a future unvaccinated population and whether prolonged excretion of vaccine-derived poliovirus from individuals with immune deficiencies could be a mechanism through which this could occur. (+info)
Military Biology and Biological Warfare Agents | Rent 9781410206992 | 1410206998
Biologic Warfare Agent Toxicity Article - StatPearls
Biological Warfare | Hacienda Publishing
Allegations of biological warfare in the Korean War - Wikipedia
Biological Warfare In Africa During The 1960s And 1970s - Essay - 1195 Words - brightkite.com
Biological warfare
Training for Biological Warfare - Army Technology
Biological warfare in popular culture - Wikipedia
Biological Warfare
The Biological Warfare Blog: Black Six: The 1972 Smallpox Outbreak in Yugoslavia: A Comparison to Current U.S. Biodefense -...
The Biological Warfare Blog: Black Six: India 1: How the Soviets acquired and built one of the most advance smallpox weapon...
A Short History of Biological Warfare: From Pre-History to the 21st Century | U.S. Government Bookstore
City Tries To Escape Shadow Of Biological Warfare Plant - tribunedigital-sunsentinel
Claims and evaluations of Iraqs proscribed weapons
HD Stock Video Footage - The proficiency of a biological warfare agent like pathogen to transfer through an artificial route in...
Color-Indicating Anti-Biological Warfare Agent Coatings | SBIR.gov
Symposium On Biological Warfare, Bioterrorism to be Held at UTD
The Biological Warfare Blog: Black Six: 2015
Bio Leak Scare in Russia!
Biological Warfare 101: Knowledge and Preparation are your Keys to Survive | Ready Nutrition
Milton Leitenberg - Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
How a Tiny Computer Chip Could Save Us From Biological Warfare
Biological warfare and Pandemic | THE UNHIVED MIND NEWS
Biological weapon | definition of biological weapon by Medical dictionary
Biological weapon - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Biodefense vaccines for category A priority pathogens - Anthrax and Botulism - Vaccine Nation
Weaponized Coronavirus Invades the USA as World Panics Over Possible Pandemic? - Socio-Economics History Blog
Flow Cytometry and T-Cell Response Monitoring after Smallpox Vaccination<...
A future Kentucky governor attempted biological warfare in the Civil War - We Are The Mighty
Ajit Vadakayil: FRANCISCO PIZARRO , HERNAN CORTES, GENOCIDE BY SMALL POX BIOLOGICAL WARFARE - CAPT AJIT VADAKAYIL
Twenty-first century biological threats : hearing before the Subcommittee on Bioterrorism and Public Health Preparedness of the...
Milfuegos: 2014-10-26
Scientists race to create bioweapon vaccines | BioPrepWatch
China deception fuels fears of biological weapons ethnic experiments - Washington Times - The World Community for Racial...
Ebola - Biological Weapon? | Part 1 | John S. Torell
Black Death Threat | endeavors
North Korea Chemical and Biological Weapon Milestones - 1969-2005 - Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms Control
Japanese Use of Plague during World War II - Contagions
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OIE Recognises US Centre for Biological Threat Reduction - The Cattle Site
Horses in warfare - Wikipedia
Althouse: Highlights from Meet the Press.
Althouse: Highlights from Meet the Press.
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A Bacteriophage T4 Nanoparticle-Based Dual Vaccine against Anthrax and Plague | mBio
WHO Recommended Surveillance Standards (WHO - OMS, 1999, 157 p.): Diseases: A22 Anthrax
Phil Ochs
fantasy multiverse
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Anthrax Vaccination - Essay about Medicine, Health
Public Health Initiatives to Counter High Consequence Disease - Perkins and Will
Context of March 1992: Iraq Receives Last US Shipment of Nerve Gas Antidote
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Toll-like receptor agonists as monotherapies and vaccine adjuvants provide protection against potential biological weapons...
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Air Decontamination | WBDG Whole Building Design Guide
StillWorkingOnIt - GameDev.net
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Lawrence Livermore Lab Uses Artificial Intelligence and Supercomputers in Global Fight Against COVID-19
Smallpox
Biological warfare. The British used smallpox as a biological warfare agent at the Siege of Fort Pitt during the French and ... "Biological Warfare in Eighteenth-Century North America: Beyond Jeffery Amherst", The Journal of American History, Vol. 86, No. ... "Smallpox and biological warfare: a disease revisited". Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 18 (1): 13-20. doi:10.1080/08998280.2005. ... for use in biological warfare.[150] Insertion of the synthesized smallpox DNA into existing related pox viruses could ...
Bubonic plague
Biological warfare. Some of the earliest instances of biological warfare were said to have been products of the plague, as ... "Biological Warfare at the 1346 Siege of Caffa". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 8 (9). doi:10.3201/eid0809.010536 - via Centers ... one of the first known instances of biological warfare.[45] When spring arrived, the Italian merchants fled on their ships, ... May 2000). "Plague as a biological weapon: medical and public health management. Working Group on Civilian Biodefense". JAMA. ...
Shirō Ishii
... a biological warfare unit of the Imperial Japanese Army. Ishii led the development and application of biological weapons at ... The Plague Makers: The Secret World of Biological Warfare, Frog Ltd, 1999. ISBN 978-1-883319-85-4 ISBN 978-0-7567-5698-7 ISBN ... The United States and Biological Warfare: Secrets from the Early Cold War and Korea, Indiana University Press, 1999. ISBN 978-0 ... A Higher Form of Killing: The Secret History of Chemical and Biological Warfare, Random House, 2002. ISBN 978-0-8129-6653-4 ...
Population history of indigenous peoples of the Americas
a b c d Fenn, Elizabeth A. Biological Warfare in Eighteenth-Century North America: Beyond Jeffery Amherst Archived 3 April 2015 ... Biological warfare[edit]. When Old World diseases were first carried to the Americas at the end of the fifteenth century, they ... In the centuries that followed, accusations and discussions of biological warfare were common. Well-documented accounts of ... colonists had the knowledge and technology to attempt biological warfare with the smallpox virus. They well understood the ...
Shirō Ishii
Biological warfare project[edit]. In 1932, he began his preliminary experiments in biological warfare as a secret project for ... In his travels, he did extensive research on the effects of biological warfare and chemical warfare developments from World War ... The United States and Biological Warfare: Secrets from the Early Cold War and Korea, Indiana University Press, 1999. ISBN 978-0 ... The Plague Makers: The Secret World of Biological Warfare, Frog Ltd, 1999. ISBN 978-1-883319-85-4 ISBN 978-0-7567-5698-7 ISBN ...
Jeffery Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst
Appel, J. M. (2009), "Is all fair in biological warfare? The controversy over genetically engineered biological weapons", ... Biological warfare involving smallpox[edit]. One of the most infamous and well documented issues during Pontiac's War was the ... a b Fenn, Elizabeth A. Biological Warfare in Eighteenth-Century North America: Beyond Jeffery Amherst Archived 3 April 2015 at ... use of biological warfare against the Native Americans. The suggestion was posed by Amherst himself in letters to Colonel Henry ...
Yellow rain
Frischknecht F (June 2003). "The history of biological warfare". EMBO Rep. 4 Spec No (Supp1): S47-52. doi:10.1038/sj.embor. ... Agent Orange Red rain in Kerala Sverdlovsk anthrax leak Aral smallpox incident Allegations of biological warfare in the Korean ... RW Wannemacher; SL Wiener (1997). "Trichothecene mycotoxins: in Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare" (PDF). U.S ... Christopher GW, Cieslak TJ, Pavlin JA, Eitzen EM (August 1997). "Biological warfare. A historical perspective". JAMA. 278 (5): ...
Ed Regis (author)
His topics have included nanotechnology, transhumanism and biological warfare. His articles have appeared in several scientific ... CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) Tucker, Jonathan B. (Winter 1999). "Biological warfare". Issues in Science and ... The Biology of Doom: America's Secret Germ Warfare Project. Henry Holt & Co. 1999. ISBN 0-8050-5765-X. The Info Mesa: Science, ...
Sanitary epidemiological reconnaissance
LANGMUIR, A D; ANDREWS J M (March 1952). "Biological warfare defense. 2. The Epidemic Intelligence Service of the Communicable ... Dembek, ZF (2005). "3 Epidemiology of biowarfare and bioterrorism". Biological Warfare (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) ... due to biological warfare concerns arising from the Korean War, it has become a hands-on two-year postgraduate training program ... Golovchenko, N. N.; Korotkin, L.M. (eds.). "ANTI-EPIDEMIC MEASURES AT THE LIQUIDATION OF BIOLOGICAL TERRORIST ATTACK ...
Epidemic Intelligence Service
... and train laboratory workers for rapid recognition of biological warfare germs. It arose from biological warfare concerns ... Langmuir said that it was of utmost importance to planning of appropriate defense measures against biological warfare germs, ... Langmuir, Alexander D.; Andrews, Justin M. (March 1952). "Biological Warfare Defense". American Journal of Public Health and ... Popham, John (March 31, 1951). "Langmuir Warns of Germ Warfare". New York Times News Service. Chattanooga Daily Times ( ...
Horses in World War I
Judson, Chemical and Biological Warfare, p. 68 "Bert Stokes remembers Passchendaele". New Zealand History Online. New Zealand ... Evidence exists that the Germans used horses in their experimentations with chemical and biological warfare. German agents in ... ISBN 978-0-275-98726-8. Judson, Karen (2003). Chemical and Biological Warfare. Open for Debate. Marshall Cavendish. ISBN 0-7614 ... generally the mode of warfare changed. Tanks were beginning to take over the role of shock combat. The use of trench warfare, ...
Materials MASINT
One of the challenges of preventing the proliferation of biological warfare capability is verifying that a legitimate ... Croddy, Eric (5 November 1999). "Chinese Chemical and Biological Warfare (CBW) Capabilities". Conference report: China and ... Chemical Biological Warfare Review. van Westerhoven 2007. Archived from the original on 2006-05-09. Retrieved 2007-10-17. ... biological, and radiological threats (CBR), or nuclear-biological-chemical (NBC), as well as more general safety and public ...
Siege of Fort Pitt
Wheelis, Mark (1999). "Biological warfare before 1914". In Geissler, E.; Moon, J. (eds.). Biological and Toxin Weapons: ... This event is best known as an early instance of biological warfare, where the British gave items from a smallpox infirmary as ... This event is usually described as an early attempt at biological warfare. However the plan's effectiveness is generally ... Mann 2009, p. 9. Barras, V.; Greub, G. (June 2014). "History of biological warfare and bioterrorism". Clinical Microbiology and ...
Coxiella burnetii
The United States ended its biological warfare program in 1969. When it did, C. burnetii was one of seven agents it had ... Croddy, Eric C.; Hart, C. Perez-Armendariz J. (2002). Chemical and Biological Warfare. Springer. pp. 30-31. ISBN 0-387-95076-1 ... standardized as biological weapons. At least five completely sequenced genomes of Coxiella burnetii exist, which contain about ...
Dark Harvest Commando
146-. ISBN 978-1-85109-490-5. "Biological Warfare: Dark Harvest". Time. 9 November 1981. Drainey, Nick (2002-03-04). "SNLA ... Biological and Radiological Agent Threats. IOS Press. pp. 55-. ISBN 978-1-58603-744-4. Weapons of Mass Destruction. ABC-CLIO. ...
Geophysical MASINT
Leo M. van Westerhoven (2007). "The Fuchs NBC reconnaissance system is getting a makeover". Chemical Biological Warfare Review ... Detecting shallow-water and beach mines remains a challenge, since mine warfare is a deadly "poor man's weapon." While initial ... Magnetic Anomaly Detection (MAD) is used in antisubmarine warfare, for final localization before attack. The existence of the ... Navies use a variety of acoustic systems, especially passive, in antisubmarine warfare, both tactical and strategic. For ...
United Nations Special Commission
Wright, Susan (2002). Biological Warfare and Disarmament. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 272. ISBN 0-7425-2469-8. Varadarajan ... The al-Hakam germ warfare center, headed by the British-educated Iraqi biologist Dr. Rihab Rashid Taha, was blown up by UNSCOM ... Between 1991 and 1995, UN inspectors uncovered a massive program to develop biological and nuclear weapons. A large amount of ... In June 1999, Ritter said: When you ask the question, "Does Iraq possess militarily viable biological or chemical weapons?" the ...
Urban legend
Watstein, Sarah; Jovanovic, John (2003). "Bioterrorism and Biological Warfare". Statistical Handbook on Infectious Diseases. An ...
Tamas Bartfai
... biological warfare entities; formulation of [global] problems, threats and treaties entities; ethical committees for vaccine ... Bartfai is an expert on the detection, destruction and decontamination of chemical and biological weapons, and the immediate ...
United Nations Security Council Resolution 715
Biological warfare against crops. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 13. ISBN 978-0-333-92085-5. Hiro, Dilip (2001). Neighbors, not friends ... biological, chemical, nuclear weapons or military equipment). The Council also required the Secretary-General and IAEA Director ...
Sartaj Aziz
K. Bhushan, G. Katyal (2002). Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Warfare. APH Publishing. p. 204. ISBN 978-81-7648-312-4. Kalim ...
History of Odisha
K. Bhushan; G. Katyal (1 January 2002). Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Warfare. APH Publishing. p. 191. ISBN 978-81-7648-312- ...
Radiation burn
ISBN 978-0-683-04481-2. K. Bhushan; G. Katyal (2002). Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Warfare. APH Publishing. p. 125. ISBN ... A radiation burn is a damage to the skin or other biological tissue and organs as an effect of radiation. The radiation types ... Wagner, L. K.; Eifel, P. J.; Geise, R. A. (1994). "Potential biological effects following high X-ray dose interventional ...
Rinderpest
Bowcott, Owen; Evans, Rob (16 May 2010). "British secret biological warfare testing". The Guardian. London. Spinage, Clive A. ( ... "Chemical and Biological Weapons: Possession and Programs Past and Present" (PDF). James Martin Center for Nonproliferation ... Rinderpest is of concern as a biological weapon for the following reasons: The disease has high rates of morbidity and ... Rinderpest was one of more than a dozen agents the United States researched as potential biological weapons before terminating ...
Mosha (story)
Sakhalin Biological engineering Development of biological warfare has been widely carried out by many countries. During the ... Nishamara was genetically converting the mosquitos into deadly agents of biological warfare, and Tanlin became a victim of his ... Frischknecht, Friedrich (2003). "The history of biological warfare". EMBO Reports. 4 (Suppl 1): S47-S52. doi:10.1038/sj.embor. ... Germany and Japan were engaged in developing biological warfare. The author, Premendra Mitra, was aware of the latest ...
Pontiac's War
ISBN 0-375-40642-5. Barras, V; Greub, G (2014). "History of biological warfare and bioterrorism". Clinical Microbiology and ... 2007). Medical Aspects of Biological Warfare. Government Printing Office. ISBN 978-0-16-087238-9. Dixon, David (2005). Never ... Warfare on the North American frontier was brutal, and the killing of prisoners, the targeting of civilians, and other ... ISBN 0-8018-7079-8. Fenn, Elizabeth A. (2000). "Warfare in Eighteenth-Century North America: Beyond Jeffery Amherst". The ...
Fantastic War
disease [caused by tropical conditions and the use of biological warfare by the Portuguese, according to the Spanish commander ... They also used biological warfare. The Spaniards withdrew - after losing half of their men from hunger, disease and desertion ... PRIMERA GUERRA DEL III PACTO DE FAMILIA (1762-1763) Sandler, Stanley- Ground Warfare: An International Encyclopedia, Volume 1, ... The Cambridge Illustrated Atlas of Warfare: Renaissance to Revolution, 1492-1792, 1996. ISBN 9780521470339 Dumouriez, Charles- ...
Defence Services Command and Staff College
Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Warfare. The DSCSC library comprises 3 sections; the Reference Library, Lending Library and ... Maritime Warfare. Strategic Studies and International Affairs. ICRC Workshop on International Humanitarian Law (IHL). Term 4 - ... Term 2 - Operations of War (17 Weeks) Air Warfare. Military Assistance to Civil Authorities. Operations of War. Strategic ...
Cobalt bomb
ISBN 978-1-250-01649-2. Bhushan, K.; G. Katyal (2002). Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Warfare. India: APH Publishing. pp. 75 ... a section titled radiological warfare addressed the issue. The Operation Antler/Round 1 test by the British at the Tadje site ... thermonuclear weapon is thus automatically a weapon of radiological warfare, but its fallout decays much more rapidly than that ...
Steven Hatfill
"After the War: Biological Warfare; Subject of Anthrax Inquiry Tied to Anti-Germ Training". New York Times. July 2, 2003. ... James Hamblin, 21 Days: An expert in biological warfare warns against complacency in public measures against Ebola, The ... Hamblin, James,21 Days: An expert in biological warfare warns against complacency in public measures against Ebola, The ... "Biological Warfare Experts Questioned in Anthrax Probe", Washington Post, June 28, 2002 (UCLA copy); Brian Ross, "Blueprint for ...
United States Merchant Marine Academy
Of those going on active duty, most enter the Navy as Naval Aviators, Naval Flight Officers, Surface Warfare Officers, ... former Deputy Director Expeditionary Warfare; Commander, Joint Task Force, Guantanamo; Commanding Officer USS Carney (DDG-64) ...
Ebola
It has the potential to be weaponised for use in biological warfare,[226][227] and was investigated by Biopreparat for such use ... May 2002). "Hemorrhagic fever viruses as biological weapons: medical and public health management". Journal of the American ...
Paleolithic
... and may have engaged in endemic warfare.[38][57] Some argue that there was no formal leadership during the Middle and Upper ... "Cooking as a biological trait" (PDF). Comp Biochem Physiol a Mol Integr Physiol. 136 (1): 35-46. doi:10.1016/S1095-6433(03) ...
Cyanogen
Ledgard, Jared (2006). A Laboratory History of Chemical Warfare Agents. Lulu.com. ISBN 978-0615136455. .. p. 82. ... "Chemical Entities of Biological Interest. UK: European Bioinformatics Institute. 27 October 2006. Main. Retrieved 6 June 2012. ...
EA-3167
Chemical Warfare Secrets Almost Forgotton. A Personal Story of Medical Testing of Army Volunteers with Incapacitating Chemical ... Integrated Platform of Small Molecules and Biological Activities". Annual Reports in Computational Chemistry 4: 217-241. doi: ...
Senarai reka cipta pada zaman pertengahan Islam Bahasa Melayu, ensiklopedia bebas
... mirip dengan pakaian dipakai oleh askar-askar moden untuk perlindungan terhadap senjata biological, kimia dan nukelar. Oleh ... memakai pakaian who fireproof untuk melindungi diri mereka dari api-api gunpowder dan juga kimia-kimia dalam gunpowder warfare ...
Activated carbon
Biological warfare. *Carcinogen. *Food safety. *Hazard symbol. *List of extremely hazardous substances ...
Whale
Sonar interferes with the basic biological functions of whales-such as feeding and mating-by impacting their ability to ... This functions as an upward biological pump, reversing an earlier presumption that whales accelerate the loss of nutrients to ... Biological warfare. *Fermentation *In food processing. *Food microbiology. *List of microbes. *Microbial art ...
Yellow fever
Endicott, S. L.; Hageman, E. (1998). The United States and Biological Warfare: Secrets from the Early Cold War and Korea. ... Yellow fever has been researched by several countries as a potential biological weapon.[105] ...
Nerve agent - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
It permanently bans the use of all forms of chemical and biological warfare.[11] The agreement was signed after World War I, ... People were afraid that chemical and biological warfare could have terrible effects in any future war. The protocol was ... Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare. Washington, D.C.: Office of the Surgeon General at TMM Publications. pp. ... extended by the Biological Weapons Convention (1972) and the Chemical Weapons Convention (1993). ...
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
Turing, A. M. (1952). "The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological ... remarkable during a century of near-constant warfare between the two nations. The work was written up in three papers in ... In 1887, the Transactions split into series "A" and "B", dealing with the physical and biological sciences respectively. In ... Biological Sciences). Both journals now publish themed issues and issues resulting from papers presented at the Discussion ...
Bioarchaeology
Sexing skeletons is based on the observation that biological males and biological females differ most in the skull and pelvis; ... Andrushko, Valerie A.; Schwitalla, Al W.; Walker, Phillip L. (2010). "Trophy-Taking and Dismemberment as Warfare Strategies in ... Cambridge Studies in Biological and Evolutionary Anthropology: Cambridge University Press, 2008. Mays, Simon. The Archaeology ... Cambridge Studies in Biological and Evolutionary Anthropology: Cambridge University Press, 2008. 273-303. Buikstra, Jane E. " ...
United States Cyber Command
... a shift in military interest in cyber warfare has motivated the creation of the first U.S. Cyber Warfare Intelligence Center.[ ... "US Air Force Prepares For Cyber Warfare". Space Daily.. *^ "US needs 'digital warfare force'". BBC News. 5 May 2009. Retrieved ... Reportedly, this is in response to North Korea's creation of a cyber warfare unit.[53] In addition, the British GCHQ has begun ... Others have also discussed the creation of a cyber-warfare branch.[40][41] Lieutenant Colonel Gregory Conti[42] and Colonel ...
Recruit training
Recruits are sent to the "gas chamber" during Phase I, as part of training for defensive chemical warfare. They are also ... including protection against biological and chemical attack, basic marksmanship on the M16 rifle as well as first aid). ... Drills, First aid and chemical warfare, PT and obstacle course, First weapon qualification (FAMAS, pistol and grenade), Signals ... warfare command and strategy, and associated technologies. ...
Artificial induction of immunity
"A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology. New York: D. Appleton and Company.. ... including the risk of prion contamination of biological materials) are likely to be used more and more often. However, they are ...
Bioaccumulation
Series B, Biological Sciences. 286 (1015): 483-505. JSTOR 2418066.. *^ Stadnicka, Julita; Schirmer, Kristin; Ashauer, Roman ( ... Biological warfare. *Carcinogen. *Food safety. *Hazard symbol. *List of extremely hazardous substances ... Thus, the longer the biological half-life of a toxic substance, the greater the risk of chronic poisoning, even if ...
The Basic School
Educated in the fundamentals of maneuver warfare, tactics, combined arms, and the time-tested principles of battle ... Marine Corps Chemical Biological Incident Response Force, Marine Corps Security Force Regiment, or the Marine Corps Embassy ...
Calcium oxide
Croddy, Eric (2002). Chemical and biological warfare: a comprehensive survey for the concerned citizen. Springer. p. 128. ISBN ... Sayers, W. (2006). "The Use of Quicklime in Medieval Naval Warfare". The Mariner's Mirror. Volume 92. Issue 3. pp. 262-269. ... Adrienne Mayor (2005), "Ancient Warfare and Toxicology", in Philip Wexler (ed.), Encyclopedia of Toxicology, 4 (2nd ed.), ... Quicklime may have been used in medieval naval warfare - up to the use of "lime-mortars" to throw it at the enemy ships.[24] ...
Mongol Empire
"Biological Warfare at the 1346 Siege of Caffa". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 8 (9): 971-975. doi:10.3201/eid0809.010536. ISSN ... they decided to use the infected corpses as a biological weapon. The corpses were catapulted over the city walls, infecting the ... "Numbers in Mongol Warfare". In Rogers, Clifford J.; DeVries, Kelly; France, John (eds.). Journal of Medieval Military History ...
Honey bee
Later, it was included in A. dorsata as a subspecies[1] based on the biological species concept, though authors applying a ... "Calcium-independent phospholipases A2 and their roles in biological processes and diseases". Journal of Lipid Research. 56 (9 ...
Defence Research and Development Canada
... biological and chemical warfare laboratories cooperated closely with Allied counterparts.[10] In 1944, Chalmers Mackenzie and ...
Antonov An-24
Four aircraft converted as Nuclear, biological and chemical warfare reconnaissance versions of the An-24B, carrying RR8311-100 ...
Radiation therapy
Biological dose units and quantities. *Wireless electronic devices and health. *Radiation Heat-transfer ...
Osteology
British Association for Biological Anthropology and Osteoarchaeology. *Museum of Osteology. *v. *t ...
Wikipedia:WikiProject Academic Journals
that in the second year after its launch, biological preprints hosted on bioRxiv repository were tweeted about on over 20,000 ...
Tsetse fly
Biological transmission requires a period of incubation of the trypanosomes within the tsetse host. The term 'biological' is ... Anti-Submarine Warfare: An Illustrated History, 2007, by David Owen. Page 170. Seaforth Publishing. ... Tsetse are biological vectors of trypanosomes, meaning that in the process of feeding, they acquire and then transmit small, ... The cycle of biological transmission of trypanosomiasis involves two phases, one inside the tsetse host and the other inside ...
Land surface effects on climate
The American Institute of Biological Sciences published a similar paper in support of this concept in 2009.[10] In addition, ... Nuclear warfare. *Electromagnetic pulse (EMP). *Safety of high-energy particle collision experiments *Micro black hole ...
Posttraumatic stress disorder
"Biological Psychiatry. 66 (12): 1075-82. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.06.026. PMC 2787650. PMID 19748076.. ... warfare, traffic collisions, child abuse, or other threats on a person's life.[1][6] Symptoms may include disturbing thoughts, ... "Biological Psychiatry. 66 (12): 1072-4. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.09.023. PMC 2825567. PMID 19944792.. ... "Biological Psychiatry. 76 (4): 306-14. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.10.007. PMC 3984614. PMID 24231200.. ...
Hypothiocyanite
Rada B, Leto TL (2009). "Redox warfare between airway epithelial cells and Pseudomonas: Dual oxidase versus pyocyanin". Immunol ... Reiter B, Härnulv G (1984). "Lactoperoxidase antibacterial system natural occurrence, biological functions and practical ... Rada B, Leto TL (2009). "Redox warfare between airway epithelial cells and Pseudomonas: Dual oxidase versus pyocyanin". Immunol ...
Mental health
In Africa, there are many socio-cultural and biological factors that have led to heightened psychological struggles, while also ... due to its dramatic mental health crisis after warfare, but not much was benefited. Aside from financial reasons, it is so ...
Biological warfare
... (BW), also known as germ warfare, is the deliberate use of disease-causing biological agents such as ... There is an overlap between biological warfare and chemical warfare, as the use of toxins produced by living organisms is ... Biological weapons may be employed in various ways to gain a strategic or tactical advantage over an adversary, either by ... Biological weapons (often referred to as bioweapons) are living organisms or replicating entities (virus) that reproduce or ...
Biological Warfare, Advanced Diagnostics
Challenges to this task include minimizing the labor, equipment, and time for identifying biological and chemical agents. ... objective is to develop tools and medicines to detect and treat biological and chemical weapons in the field at concentrations ... of the presence of a biological threat. The second method involves the development of a wearable, non-invasive diagnostic ...
Biological warfare - Wikipedia
... warfare is a subtype of biological warfare. Offensive biological warfare is prohibited under customary international ... Biological warfare, also known as germ warfare, is the use of biological toxins or infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses ... Entomological warfare (EW) is a type of biological warfare that uses insects to attack the enemy. The concept has existed for ... Biological warfare and chemical warfare overlap to an extent, as the use of toxins produced by some living organisms is ...
Dorset Biological Warfare Experiments - Wikipedia
This method of Biological warfare attack and the test program to study it was known as the Large Area Coverage (LAC) concept. ... The Dorset Biological Warfare Experiments were a series of experiments conducted between 1953 and 1975 to determine the extent ... The Dorset Biological Warfare Experiments 1963-75 Jim Carlton,Of Microbes and Mock Attacks: Years Ago, The Military Sprayed ... to which a single ship or aircraft could dispense biological warfare agents over the United Kingdom. The tests between 1971- ...
Allegations of biological warfare in the Korean War - Wikipedia
a b c d e f g h i j k Sheldon H. Harris (3 May 2002). Factories of Death: Japanese Biological Warfare, 1932-45, and the ... Biological and Radiological Warfare and Recommendations, which advocated urgent development of a biological weapons program.[4] ... a b "Reviews of The United States and Biological Warfare: secrets of the Early Cold War and Korea", York University, compiled ... The United States and Biological Warfare: Secrets from the Early Cold War and Korea, (Google Books, relevant excerpt), Indiana ...
Islamic Biological Warfare
"NBC: Islamic Biological Warfare," from the Strategy Page, with thanks to EPG:. It turns out there are there are Islamic " ... Islamic Biological Warfare. May 12, 2005. 6:40 am. By Robert Spencer ... In particular, biological weapons. But these mass killers have been developed within Islamic nations, and are doing most of ...
Biological Warfare - Diplomacy and biological warfare, Early History of Biological Warfare
Diplomacy and biological warfare. The first diplomatic effort to limit biological warfare was the Geneva Protocol for the ... Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention Bioterrorism Chemical Warfare Infectious Disease, Threats to Security Viral Biology ... Early History of Biological Warfare Examples of the use of biological weapons exist in ancient records. In the sixth century B. ... In contrast to bioterrorism, biological warfare is defined as the statesanctioned use of biological weapons on an opposing ...
Biological warfare
... Weapons of mass destruction By type Biological warfare Chemical warfare Nuclear weapons Radiological weapons ... For the use of biological agents by terrorists, see bioterrorism. Biological warfare (BW), also known as a germ warfare, ... ed.) (1997). Historical Overview of Biological Warfare. In Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare, pp. 415-423. ... Bacteria · Biological hazard · Biological warfare · Decontamination · Infectious disease · Virus · Toxin · Terrorism. ...
Symposium On Biological Warfare, Bioterrorism to be Held at UTD
Moon is an expert on the history of biological warfare and edited Biological and Toxin Weapons: Research, Development and Use ... Wheelis is an expert on biological weapons and the history of biological warfare. He has acted as a lobbyist and technical ... Symposium On Biological Warfare,. Bioterrorism to be Held at UTD Oct. 26 ... Chevrier is an expert in both biological and chemical warfare and arms control and has been quoted in the media on several ...
USC02] 50 USC Ch. 32: CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL WARFARE PROGRAM
... the chemical and biological warfare defense program, and (B) the chemical and biological medical defense program. ... Annual report on chemical and biological warfare defense. (a) Report required. The Secretary of Defense shall include in the ... A) any lethal chemical or any biological warfare agent, or. (B) any delivery system specifically designed to disseminate any ... On and after October 7, 1970, no chemical or biological warfare agent shall be disposed of within or outside the United States ...
Brazil's Bolsonaro Links Pandemic To 'Biological Warfare' | Barron's
... biological warfare, in the latest comments likely to strain Brazils relations with China. ... Biological Warfare. President Jair Bolsonaro says the novel coronavirus may have been made in a laboratory to wage biological ... President Jair Bolsonaro says the novel coronavirus may have been made in a laboratory to wage "biological warfare," in the ... www.barrons.com/news/brazil-s-bolsonaro-links-pandemic-to-biological-warfare-01620269144 ...
Training for Biological Warfare - Army Technology
Training for Biological Warfare. Share. A new slew of technology is increasing the US militarys capability to respond to ... biological agents. As participants in the "field identification of biological warfare (BW) agents" course for training in ... Biological warfare and bioterrorism are expected to remain significant threats, despite the creation and stockpiling of ... The biological threat. It is not surprising so much effort is being put into counteracting biological threats, especially in ...
Forum thread: Biological warfare | HLTV.org
Even assuming this is true (it isnt), if it was unintentional then it wasnt biological warfare ... Well if we are talking about biological WARFARE, we have to argue semantics. You just listed a lot of reasons why it would be ... It is a biological weapon facility. Whether its intentional or not is completely irrelevant - as were LITERALLY on the brink ... The same city with the countrys first TOP biological weapons research facility. Imagine thinking you can debunk something ...
How Many Nedas? Iran Sanctions Are Biological Warfare Against Civilians | Common Dreams Views
How Many Nedas? Iran Sanctions Are Biological Warfare Against Civilians. This is not an economic policy. It is the collective ... It is an act of biological warfare against children, the elderly, and people of all ages. ... It is an act of biological warfare against children, the elderly, and people of all ages. ...
Color-Indicating Anti-Biological Warfare Agent Coatings | SBIR.gov
For purposes of the Phase I endeavor, models that mimic common biological warfare agents (BWA) will be used to test the system ... The system is to be applied to wall surfaces, and remain dormant until a biological threat comes in contact with the surface. ... which is highly respected for its biological testing expertise and facilities. ...
Medical Aspects of Biological Warfare | U.S. Government Bookstore
Medical Aspects of Biological Warfare (an update of Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare published in 1997) ... Emergency first providers and responders, specialists in biological warfare and terrorism may also have an interest in this ... Reflecting the critical threat posed by biological warfare and terrorism in a post 9-11 world, ... History of Biological Weapons: From Poisoned Darts to Intentional Epidemics. James W. Martin, George W. Christopher, and Edward ...
ASM and Biological Warfare: A Brief Chronology
1991 ICAAC: Symposium: "Biological Warfare.". *1992 GM: Presidents Forum: "Biological Warfare: An Old Problem - Future ... ASM and Biological Warfare: A Brief Chronology RETURN TO CHOMA HOME PAGE. 13 April, 1942: The ASMs "War Committee on ... May, 1951: This committee reports as "Committee on Information Concerning Civil Defense against Biological Warfare." They also ... and whereas we believe that biological warfare does not lend itself even to the degree of control that atomic warfare does. Our ...
Japanese biological warfare research on humans: a case study of microbiology and ethics. - PubMed - NCBI
Biological Warfare - Volume 7, Number 6-December 2001 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
Biological warfare was the focus of billion-dollar investments by the United States and the former Soviet Union until President ... I define biological warfare as use of agents of disease for hostile purposes. This definition encompasses attacks on human ... Lederberg J. Biological Warfare. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2001;7(6):1070-1071. doi:10.3201/eid0706.010636.. ... President Nixons abjuration of biological warfare as a U.S. military weapon in 1969 set in motion the most important ...
Obama Using Biological Warfare Against U.S. Citizens - American Free Press
HomeArchiveObama Using Biological Warfare Against U.S. Citizens. Obama Using Biological Warfare Against U.S. Citizens July 22, ... 1 Comment on Obama Using Biological Warfare Against U.S. Citizens * jeffrey m woods July 25, 2015 at 10:58 New York Avenue ... The Obama White House is effectively waging biological warfare against U.S. citizens. ... This was a racist biological attack against me, was trying to start up a major 3rd party and had contacted grassroots about a ...
Military Biology and Biological Warfare Agents | Rent 9781410206992 | 1410206998
Properties of Biological Warfare AgentsPossible Antipersonnel Biological Warfare AgentsPossible Antianimal Biological Warfare ... Military Biology and Biological Warfare Agents. Military Biology and Biological Warfare Agents. by U. S. Department of the Army ... S. Department of the Army Staff is the author of Military Biology and Biological Warfare Agents, published 2003 under ISBN ...
A form of biological warfare in Syria and Yemen - Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
... deprives of civilians of hospitals and medicine-as Bashar Al-Assad is doing in Syria-he is conducting a sort of biological ... Biological warfare has a long history, going back to when the Assyrians poisoned enemy water sources more than two millennia ... A form of biological warfare in Syria and Yemen By Elisabeth Eaves, November 6, 2018 ... But biological warfare, as commonly understood, has always involved introducing some sort of pathogen-ancient poisons, diseased ...
Browsing Technical documents by Subject "Biological Warfare"
british army nuclear chemical and biological warfare detection Stock Photo: 3574664 - Alamy
... british army nuclear chemical and biological warfare detection demonstration london chemical nuclear and biological ... british army nuclear chemical and biological warfare detection demonstration london chemical nuclear and biological ... british army nuclear chemical and biological warfare detection demonstration london chemical nuclear and biological ... british army nuclear chemical and biological warfare detection demonstration london chemical nuclear and biological ...
The Biological Warfare of Plants
Detecting Biological Warfare Agents - Volume 11, Number 10-October 2005 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
Detecting Biological Warfare Agents. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2005;11(10):1629-1632. doi:10.3201/eid1110.050269.. ... Song, L., Ahn, S., & Walt, D. R. (2005). Detecting Biological Warfare Agents. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 11(10), 1629-1632. ... Each primer pool has 1 primer pair for each biological warfare agent of interest. Multiplex PCR was run as follows: an initial ... Her research interests include applications of DNA microarrays and microarray-based detection of biological warfare agents and ...
Is The Pentagon Modifying Viruses To Save Crops - Or To Wage Biological Warfare? .
News
| OPB
Is The Pentagon Modifying Viruses To Save Crops - Or To Wage Biological Warfare?. by Dan Charles NPR Nov. 8, 2018 7:38 a.m. ... "We are not developing biological warfare agents," he says. "This is for the benefit of crops and the stability of our food ... So the research could be perceived, at least, as a as a violation of the Biological Weapons Treaty. She recently co-authored a ... Her specialty is international law, including the Biological Weapons Convention, which the United States ratified in 1975. The ...
Biological warfare: Williamsburg residents sue city for right to not vaccinate | Brooklyn Paper
Vaccines, Therapeutics, and Prophylaxis for Selected Biological Warfare Agents. (RX). - Free Online Library
... and Prophylaxis for Selected Biological Warfare Agents. (RX). by Internal Medicine News; Health care industry Health, general ... APA style: Vaccines, Therapeutics, and Prophylaxis for Selected Biological Warfare Agents. (RX).. (n.d.) >The Free Library. ( ... MLA style: "Vaccines, Therapeutics, and Prophylaxis for Selected Biological Warfare Agents. (RX).." The Free Library. 2001 ... S.v. Vaccines, Therapeutics, and Prophylaxis for Selected Biological Warfare Agents. (RX).." Retrieved Aug 24 2019 from https ...
Restricting Publication Of H5N1 Research 'More Perilous' Than Threat Of Biological Warfare | The Henry J. Kaiser Family...
Germ warfareBioterrorismAnthraxAgentsCivil DefenseExperimentsWeapon2018Living organismsNuclearWeapons ConventionRadiologicalBioweaponsConventionPathogensThreatsBacteriaAmericaFort Detrick in MarylandEbolaPathogenDiseaseDeveloped biological weaponsMicroorganismsForm of biological warfareForms of biological warfareDeliberateHumansIntentionalCropsChemicalsOffensive1951History of biological weapons2002ProgrammeCITETerroristsSporesConceivably resultCovertAttacksDefense equipmentProgram in biologicalDefencePreparationsDevelop biologicalResearchDetectionWorld's
Germ warfare8
- Biological warfare (BW), also known as germ warfare , is the deliberate use of disease -causing biological agents such as protozoa , fungi , bacteria , protists , or viruses , to kill or incapacitate humans, other animals or plants. (princeton.edu)
- Biological warfare, also known as germ warfare, is the use of biological toxins or infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, insects, and fungi with the intent to kill, harm or incapacitate humans, animals or plants as an act of war. (wikipedia.org)
- Vaccinate everyone, to crush the germ warfare of American imperialism! (wikipedia.org)
- Biological warfare (BW), also known as a germ warfare , biological weapons , and bioweapons , is the use of any pathogen ( bacterium , virus or other disease-causing organism) as a weapon of war. (bionity.com)
- Biological warfare (BW), commonly called germ warfare is the use of biological toxins or infectious agents (bacteria, viruses, and fungi) to ill or incapacitate people directky or the animals and plants on which people depend. (histclo.com)
- Biological warfare (or germ warfare ) is when pathogens are used as a weapon . (wikipedia.org)
- Sometimes known as 'germ warfare,' biological weapons involve the use of toxins or infectious agents that are biological in origin. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- 1943 - In response to Japan's full-scale germ warfare program, the U.S. begins research on biological weapons at Fort Detrick, MD. (scribd.com)
Bioterrorism7
- In contrast to bioterrorism, biological warfare is defined as the 'statesanctioned' use of biological weapons on an opposing military force or civilian population. (faqs.org)
- For the use of biological agents by terrorists, see bioterrorism . (bionity.com)
- RICHARDSON, Texas (Oct. 22, 2001) - The University of Texas at Dallas (UTD) will host a symposium about biological warfare and bioterrorism - particularly focusing on the recent anthrax outbreaks - Friday, Oct. 26, from 10 to 11:30 a.m. in Room JO 4.614 of the Jonsson Building on the UTD campus. (utdallas.edu)
- Accurately detecting and identifying biological warfare agents (BWAs) is the focal point for countering bioterrorism. (cdc.gov)
- The threat of bioterrorism has stimulated renewed interest in the "Blue Book," a pocket-sized manual published by the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Md. The fourth edition of the manual, entitled "Medical Management of Biological Casualties Handbook" (February 2001), includes a summary of medical agents from which this table is adapted. (thefreelibrary.com)
- Biological warfare and bioterrorism. (ox.ac.uk)
- Fanny Ewan of the Interpol Bioterrorism Prevention Unit CBRNE and Vulnerable Targets Sub-directorate said the Internet is a rich source for recipes, materials, knowledge and tutorials on bioterrorism, bio-warfare and biological crimes. (thefreedictionary.com)
Anthrax8
- Britain produced five million anthrax cakes at the UK Chemical and Biological Defense Establishment at Porton Down with the intent of dropping them on Germany to infect the food chain. (faqs.org)
- But biological warfare, as commonly understood, has always involved introducing some sort of pathogen-ancient poisons, diseased corpses, plague-infested fleas, anthrax-into a population. (thebulletin.org)
- As the 2001 anthrax attacks amply demonstrated, the threat posed by a biological weapons' incident may be closer to home than any of us care to think. (wordpress.com)
- It contains events related to the event October 2, 2001: Letter Calling Muslim Scientist Potential Biological Warfare Terrorist Arrives Days before First Signs of Anthrax Attacks . (historycommons.org)
- Today, pathogens for diseases like anthrax or smallpox could be used as agents for biological weapons. (wikipedia.org)
- It was also believed to have an active program developing biological weapons (in particular, anthrax and botulinum toxin). (health.mil)
- Anthrax spores have been used as a weapon in biological warfare. (teara.govt.nz)
- Six pathogens, throughout the history of biological warfare, have been considered the most deadly and therefore the most suitable as weapons: anthrax, botulinium, plague, smallpox, tularaemia and viral hemorrhagic fever(s), of these, only smallpox has no other known host, but humans. (blogspot.com)
Agents51
- Therefore, the use of biological agents in armed conflict is a war crime. (wikipedia.org)
- Accordingly, biological agents are potentially useful as strategic deterrents, in addition to their utility as offensive weapons on the battlefield. (wikipedia.org)
- Some biological agents (smallpox, pneumonic plague) have the capability of person-to-person transmission via aerosolized respiratory droplets. (wikipedia.org)
- Challenges to this task include minimizing the labor, equipment, and time for identifying biological and chemical agents. (faqs.org)
- The second method involves the development of a wearable, non-invasive diagnostic device that detects a broad-spectrum of biological and chemical agents. (faqs.org)
- The Dorset Biological Warfare Experiments were a series of experiments conducted between 1953 and 1975 to determine the extent to which a single ship or aircraft could dispense biological warfare agents over the United Kingdom. (wikipedia.org)
- In Senate subcommittee hearings in 1977, the US Army revealed: Between 1949 and 1969 open-air tests of biological agents were conducted 239 times. (wikipedia.org)
- As a strategic weapon, BW is again militarily problematic, although with a possible exception with the Soviets, the weaponized biological agents did not spread from person to person. (bionity.com)
- Restrictions on use of human subjects for testing of chemical or biological agents. (house.gov)
- directed Secretary of Defense to submit an annual report to Congress on expenditures for research, development, test, and evaluation of all lethal and nonlethal chemical and biological agents. (house.gov)
- Over 20 days, curriculum students at Fort Detrick, Maryland, get quite close to one of the deadliest and most difficult threats to detect - biological agents. (army-technology.com)
- As participants in the "field identification of biological warfare (BW) agents" course for training in technologies for confirmation and identification of BW agents, the students learn how to set-up, maintain and operate a deployable confirmatory laboratory under field conditions. (army-technology.com)
- Unlike chemical agents, biological agents have an incubation period that can take days to develop symptoms. (army-technology.com)
- For purposes of the Phase I endeavor, models that mimic common biological warfare agents (BWA) will be used to test the system. (sbir.gov)
- Reflecting the critical threat posed by biological warfare and terrorism in a post 9-11 world, Medical Aspects of Biological Warfare (an update of Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare published in 1997) addresses the weaponization of biological agents, categorizing potential agents as food, waterborne, or agricultural agents or toxins, and discusses their respective epidemiology. (gpo.gov)
- I define biological warfare as use of agents of disease for hostile purposes. (cdc.gov)
- S. Department of the Army Staff is the author of 'Military Biology and Biological Warfare Agents', published 2003 under ISBN 9781410206992 and ISBN 1410206998. (valorebooks.com)
- We developed a fiber-optic, microsphere-based, high-density array composed of 18 species-specific probe microsensors to identify biological warfare agents. (cdc.gov)
- We simultaneously identified multiple biological warfare agents in environmental samples by looking at specific probe responses after hybridization and response patterns of the multiplexed array. (cdc.gov)
- to develop biological agents that have no justification for peaceful purposes," she says. (opb.org)
- We are not developing biological warfare agents," he says. (opb.org)
- Vaccines, Therapeutics, and Prophylaxis for Selected Biological Warfare Agents. (thefreelibrary.com)
- It was not until the 1970s when South Africa started producing more destructive agents, even though South Africa signed the Biological Warfare Convention (BWC) in 1972 and ratified it in November of 1975(Boston). (brightkite.com)
- South Africa increased their production of more aggressive biological and chemical agents so that they may prevent the Communist onslaught from the Soviet Union and Cuban-backed regimes, which had made threats to takeover Mozambique and Angola during the mid to late 1970s (Boston). (brightkite.com)
- The new fungal agents were dubbed Agent Green by the Sunshine Project, a non-governmental organization opposed to the use of biological weapons, and were developed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and by two other facilities using U.S. government funding--a private company in Montana, and a former Soviet biological weapons facility in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. (panna.org)
- In-depth definitions of biological agents, biological weapons, and biological warfare (BW) are included, as well as an appendix of further reading on the subject. (gpo.gov)
- Ironically, when Senator Riegle first approached officials at the Department of Defense about veterans' possible exposures to chemical and biological warfare agents in the Persian Gulf, he was told by Walter Reed Army Medical Center commander Major General Ronald Blank that the issue was not even explored because "military intelligence maintained that such exposures never occurred. (thefreedictionary.com)
- patent (6,569,353) for a gel-based formulation capable of decontaminating both chemical and biological warfare agents. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Smiths Detection provides systems to detect chemical and biological warfare agents, explosives and drugs to the military, transportation and facility security markets. (thefreedictionary.com)
- The focus of the grants was aimed at developing an ultrasensitive hand-held biochip system for detecting the deployment of chemical and biological warfare agents. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Maclellan notes that under Project 112 and SHAD, weapons with sarin, VX and other chemical and biological agents were tested in Hawai'i, Panama, and the Marshall Islands in the 1960s. (nautilus.org)
- Project 112 included tests on land while Project SHAD encompassed tests at sea designed to identify U.S. warships' vulnerabilities to attacks with chemical or biological warfare agents and to develop procedures to respond to such attacks while maintaining a war-fighting capability. (nautilus.org)
- Pentagon documents released in 2002 show the US Defense Department sprayed live nerve and biological agents on ships and sailors, and sprayed a germ toxin on Enewetak Atoll in the Marshall Islands. (nautilus.org)
- The Japanese also had an active program and actually used both biological and chemical agents in china, primarily in China. (histclo.com)
- And akthough chemicl warfare was very limited suring the War, WMD were largely unknown to the public was the huge advances that he Germans and made in CW during the War creating deadly nerve agents and the massive BW progrm launched by the Soviet Union after the War. (histclo.com)
- One could say that cigarettes and all their chemicals are weapons of mass destruction, filled with agents of biological warfare that slowly destroy human cells and end life early for millions of people that become "hooked" on them. (naturalnews.com)
- Chemical and biological warfare agents are threats to the military and civilians alike in both terrorist and conventional warfare scenarios. (labmate-online.com)
- It begins with a section on the background of decontamination, which includes a chronological history of military research, an overview of the US Department of Defense decontamination principles and requirements and a chapter that acts as a primer on chemical and biological warfare agents. (labmate-online.com)
- Types of Pathogens that are used in Biological Agents. (brainscape.com)
- More recently, however, the possibility has been recognized that there might have been other types of releases of chemical or biological agents, most plausibly during bombing of Iraqi munitions bunkers or production facilities. (health.mil)
- This section summarizes an analysis, drawn from information collected predominantly from U.S. sources, but with corroboration from British sources, of evidence relevant to possible exposures of U.S. forces to biological and chemical agents. (health.mil)
- Biological agents are easily recognized through their effects on a target population. (health.mil)
- Attention has also focused on chemical weapons, and the possibility that troops were targeted by these weapons, or were exposed to low levels of chemical warfare agents. (health.mil)
- As a result, the concentration of chemical warfare agents in the air is reduced to an insignificant level very rapidly as a function of distance and time. (health.mil)
- Biological Warfare Agents" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (childrensmercy.org)
- This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Biological Warfare Agents" by people in this website by year, and whether "Biological Warfare Agents" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (childrensmercy.org)
- Below are the most recent publications written about "Biological Warfare Agents" by people in Profiles. (childrensmercy.org)
- On Sept. 11, Russian media reported that the Richard Lugar Center for Public Health Research laboratory, a research facility for high-level biohazard agents located near Tbilisi, Georgia, has used human beings for conducting biological experiments. (batr.net)
- To address the DHS need for a novel technology platform that is non-destructive to common environmental surfaces but capable of destroying a range of biological agents, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a Biological Warfare Agents Remediation (BIFAR) system based on photocatalytic ionization of hydrogen peroxide inside porous microcarriers. (sbir.gov)
- This system uses a one to 10 um collection sample size, which is the typical size of most bio-warfare agents. (thefreedictionary.com)
- The hazards caused by microbial agents were classified as natural outbreaks, accidental release, bio-crime, bio-terrorism and bio-warfare as well as related challenges and opportunities. (thefreedictionary.com)
Civil Defense3
- May, 1951: This committee reports as "Committee on Information Concerning Civil Defense against Biological Warfare. (asm.org)
- Home / Journal of Civil Defense / Journal of Civil Defense 2019, Volume 53, Issue 2, "Biological Warfare, Can you Survive? (tacda.org)
- I would like to start with two definitions defining chemical warfare and biological warfare from a civil defense point of view. (jamanetwork.com)
Experiments6
- The Dorset Biological Warfare Experiments 1963-75 Jim Carlton,Of Microbes and Mock Attacks: Years Ago, The Military Sprayed Germs on U.S. Cities, The Wall Street Journal, (October 22, 2001). (wikipedia.org)
- Innovative Design of Experiments (DOE) methods are used to significantly reduce the number of simulations required to model biological warfare (BW) attacks. (jmp.com)
- In this context, the recruitment of top German and Japanese scientists who had conducted grisly "medical" experiments whilst waging biological war against China and the Soviet Union would be free of any moralizing or political wavering. (wordpress.com)
- These Cold War-era experiments to test the Navy's vulnerability to toxic warfare involved about 4,300 US military personnel, mostly from the Navy. (nautilus.org)
- stories likened the study to Japanese bio-warfare experiments on Chinese prisoners in World War II. (thefreedictionary.com)
- 1942 - Chemical Warfare Services begins mustard gas experiments on approximately 4,000 servicemen. (scribd.com)
Weapon14
- When indexed to weapon mass and cost of development and storage, biological weapons possess destructive potential and loss of life far in excess of nuclear, chemical or conventional weapons. (wikipedia.org)
- As a tactical weapon for military use, a significant problem with biological warfare is that it would take days to be effective, and therefore might not immediately stop an opposing force. (wikipedia.org)
- Smallpox was used as a biological weapon several times during the colonization of the Americas. (faqs.org)
- Between 1918 and 1945, the Japanese government conducted extensive biological weapon research at Unit 731 in occupied Manchuria, China. (faqs.org)
- A biological weapon may be intended to kill, incapacitate or seriously impede an adversary. (bionity.com)
- It is a biological weapon facility. (hltv.org)
- Dr. Lederberg is cochair of a study on biological weapon threats and defensive measures tasked by the Defense Science Board and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency. (cdc.gov)
- President Nixon's abjuration of biological warfare as a U.S. military weapon in 1969 set in motion the most important diplomatic and legal steps towards its eradication globally, laying the groundwork for the Biological Weapons Convention treaty. (cdc.gov)
- He provides a brief history of biological warfare, including a link to a Nova slideshow on the topic, and writes that a flu strain has never been used as a weapon "for good reason" - "Influenza in general is an equal-opportunity menace" that would "put at great risk anyone trying to assemble a pandemic H5N1 to launch at 'target' populations. (kff.org)
- According to the current declassified literature, the T-2 mycotoxin is the only mycotoxin known to have been used as a biological weapon. (mold-help.org)
- The report of "yellow rain" in remote sections of jungle in Laos (1975-81), which resulted in more than 6,378 deaths, has been viewed as use of T-2 mycotoxin as a biological weapon. (mold-help.org)
- Other reported uses of T-2 mycotoxin as a biological weapon concern Kampuchea (1979-81) with 1,034 deaths and Afghanistan (1979-81) with 3,042 deaths. (mold-help.org)
- This is called a biological weapon . (wikipedia.org)
- At that time insider information indicated that SARS was a biological weapon. (reuters.com)
20184
- https://www.aircrap.org/2018/01/16/chemtrail-flu-biological-warfare. (12160.info)
- Pursuant to Sections 306(a), 307(a), and 307(d) of the Chemical and Biological Weapons Control and Warfare Elimination Act of 1991, as amended (22 U.S.C. Section 5604(a) and Section 5605(a)), on August 6, 2018, the Deputy Secretary of State determined that the Government of the Russian Federation has used chemical weapons in violation of international law or lethal chemical weapons against its own nationals. (federalregister.gov)
- Join us on The Truth Perspective this Sunday, 4 February 2018, from 12-2pm EST / 5-7pm UTC / 6-8pm CET as Dilyana shares the results of her in-depth investigations and her most recent work on the Pentagon's Bio-warfare labs. (sott.net)
- 2018. Medical Aspects of Biological Warfare, Textbooks of military medicine: Office of the Surgeon General, Borden Institute, US Army Medical Department Center and School, Health Readiness Center of Excellence. (netecweb.org)
Living organisms7
- Biological weapons (often referred to as bioweapons ) are living organisms or replicating entities ( virus ) that reproduce or replicate within their host victims. (princeton.edu)
- There is an overlap between biological warfare and chemical warfare , as the use of toxins produced by living organisms is considered under the provisions of both the Biological Weapons Convention and the Chemical Weapons Convention . (princeton.edu)
- Biological warfare and chemical warfare overlap to an extent, as the use of toxins produced by some living organisms is considered under the provisions of both the BWC and the Chemical Weapons Convention. (wikipedia.org)
- Using nonliving toxic products, even if produced by living organisms (e.g., toxins), is considered Chemical warfare under the provisions of the Chemical Weapons Convention . (bionity.com)
- Living organisms or their toxic products that are used to cause disease or death of humans during WARFARE. (childrensmercy.org)
- Because living organisms can be unpredictable and incredibly resilient, biological weapons are difficult to control, potentially devastating on a global scale, and prohibited globally under numerous treaties. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Biological warfare is the intentional use of living organisms or their toxic products to produce death, disability, or damage to man, animals, or crops. (jamanetwork.com)
Nuclear7
- Biological warfare is distinct from warfare involving other types of weapons of mass destruction (WMD), including nuclear warfare, chemical warfare, and radiological warfare. (wikipedia.org)
- The status of nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) warfare defense training and readiness among the Armed Forces and measures being taken to include realistic nuclear, biological, and chemical warfare simulations in war games, battle simulations, and training exercises. (cornell.edu)
- Nuclear warfare -- Safety measures. (powells.com)
- Examples include biological, chemical and nuclear weapons. (thefreedictionary.com)
- The figure below illustrates the increase in the number of reports logged within the NBC (Nuclear, Biological and Chemical) cells of the Central Command, Army Central Command and VII Army Corps. (health.mil)
- Since the media has decided to scare everyone with predictions of chemical, biological, or nuclear warfare on our turf I decided to write a paper and keep things in their proper perspective. (angelfire.com)
- What's so crazy about all this is that Israel has a very large arsenal of nuclear and bio-warfare weapons while Iran remains under UN nuclear inspection. (thefreedictionary.com)
Weapons Convention7
- The creation and stockpiling of biological weapons ("offensive BW") was outlawed by the 1972 Biological Weapons Convention (BWC), signed by over 100 countries. (bionity.com)
- This declaration was followed by the negotiation, ratification, and coming into force (in 1975) of the Biological Weapons Convention, a categorical ban on the development, production, and use of biological weapons. (cdc.gov)
- Were it not for the Biological Weapons Convention, a gradually escalating technology race would have amplified even further this threat to human existence. (cdc.gov)
- Her specialty is international law, including the Biological Weapons Convention, which the United States ratified in 1975. (opb.org)
- A description of the chemical warfare defense preparations that have been and are being undertaken by the Department of Defense to address needs which may arise under article X of the Chemical Weapons Convention. (cornell.edu)
- The U.S. plan to spray Fusarium oxysporum would violate the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC), which prohibits international transfers of bioweapons and equipment. (panna.org)
- The production, and stockpiling of such weapons was forbidden in the Biological Weapons Convention of 1972. (wikipedia.org)
Radiological4
- On 30 June 1950, soon after the outbreak of the Korean War, the US Defense Secretary George Marshall received the Report of the Committee on Chemical, Biological and Radiological Warfare and Recommendations , which advocated urgent development of a biological weapons program. (wikipedia.org)
- The report said that some terrorists saw chemical, biological and radiological materials as low-cost, high-impact options for achieving their goals and that in September 2006 Abu Ayyub al Masri, al-Qaeda-in-Iraq's leader, publicly called upon scientists for help to develop such weapons. (army-technology.com)
- Define Radiological Warfare. (brainscape.com)
- What is Radiological Warfare? (cram.com)
Bioweapons1
- According to congressional testimony by Dr. Alan M. Pearson, Director of the Biological and Chemical Weapons Control Program at the Washington D.C.-based Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation , with very little in the way of effective oversight or accountability, tens of billions of dollars "have been appropriated for bioweapons-related research and development activities. (wordpress.com)
Convention2
- South Africa's Chemical and Biological Warfare program has been ongoing since World War I. Even after the Geneva Convention of 1925 was established South Africa did not entirely cease production and research of their Chemical and Biological Warfare program (Boston). (brightkite.com)
- In fact, during World War II, South Africa sidestepped the convention protocol and began planning a more extensive Chemical and Biological Warfare program, to protect the country from the threat of the Nazi regime. (brightkite.com)
Pathogens1
- Estimates are that over 3,000 prisoners died as a result of infection by these biological pathogens or execution following such infections. (faqs.org)
Threats3
- Biological weapons may be employed in various ways to gain a strategic or tactical advantage over the enemy, either by threats or by actual deployments. (wikipedia.org)
- It is not surprising so much effort is being put into counteracting biological threats, especially in the US. (army-technology.com)
- U.S. legislators are making new threats to use biological weapons in Colombia's civil war. (panna.org)
Bacteria5
- Biological weapons include pathogenic viruses, bacteria, and biological toxins. (faqs.org)
- The only reference to BW is in a report from Oct. 1943: "On the basis of recommendations made by members of the Committee and by other members of the Society, a program of activities was drawn up to cover the following fields:… 9) [of 9] Bacteriological warfare and the effect of warfare upon essential bacterial processes (gas warfare and soil bacteria). (asm.org)
- On the other hand, a group of Yemeni doctors identified the source of the spread of the epidemic, they confirmed the theory that Saudi Arabia used biological weapons, and one of the doctors participating in the campaign that they have examined the sources of water in different areas, where they found in the water a type of bacteria used in biological weapons. (iuvmpress.com)
- Biological warfare in Yemen is not limited to the spread of disease bacteria, but includes the use of other biological weapons, as evidenced by the strange burns suffered by Yemenis wounded by the Saudi bombing, which eventually kill them. (iuvmpress.com)
- 1950 - In an experiment to determine how susceptible an American city would be to biological attack, the U.S. Navy sprays a cloud of bacteria from ships over San Franciso. (scribd.com)
America1
- Human rights activists describe what is happening in Yemen in biological warfare, while analysts believe that America bears a large part of the responsibility because it supports Saudi Arabia in the war on Yemen since 2015. (iuvmpress.com)
Fort Detrick in Maryland2
- [4] The biological weapons research facility at Fort Detrick in Maryland was expanded, and a new one in Pine Bluff, Arkansas , was developed. (wikipedia.org)
- The United States government's biological warfare facility was headquartered at Fort Detrick in Maryland beginning in 1942. (faqs.org)
Ebola3
- Several cases are known of researchers becoming infected and dying of Ebola, which they had been working with in the lab (though nobody else was infected in those cases) - while there is no evidence that their work was directed towards biological warfare, it demonstrates the potential for accidental infection even of careful researchers fully aware of the dangers. (wikipedia.org)
- They include South Africa's Chemical and Biological Warfare Program and the beginning of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and the Ebola virus. (brightkite.com)
- In this report I will discuss the South Africa's Chemical and Biological Warfare Program and bits of the AIDS theories and the Ebola virus. (brightkite.com)
Pathogen3
- The use of this generalist and highly persistent fungal pathogen would legitimize biological warfare, and provide a major threat to the health and environment within Colombia. (panna.org)
- The proficiency of a biological warfare agent like pathogen to transfer through an artificial route in the United States. (criticalpast.com)
- The proficiency of a biological warfare agent like pathogen to transfer through a artificial route shows U.S. soldiers having food and water. (criticalpast.com)
Disease8
- Biological warfare, as defined by the United Nations, is the use of any living organism (e.g. bacterium, virus) or an infective component (e.g., toxin), to cause disease or death in humans, animals, or plants. (faqs.org)
- During World War I, Germany developed a biological warfare program based on the bacterium Bacillus anthracis and a strain of Pseudomonas known as Burkholderia mallei , which causes glanders disease in cattle. (faqs.org)
- Dr. Orient warned of the imminent danger of serious disease and virus epidemics, using the terms "collusion" and "biological weapons attack" in reference to the health crisis. (americanfreepress.net)
- In a story for Foreign Policy , the doctor and global public health expert Annie Sparrow advances a more unusual argument: That Syria's embattled dictator Bashar Al-Assad, by deliberately degrading healthcare to encourage disease and death, is also conducting a form of biological warfare. (thebulletin.org)
- Biological warfare is defined as "the use of harmful living things (such as germs that cause disease) as weapons in a war" (Merriam-Webster Dictionary). (brightkite.com)
- And in two of the three written records we have of these events, the victims interpreted the stench resulting from biological aggression as the cause of subsequent disease. (heavengames.com)
- While limited use of chemicals and disease in warfare dates from ancient times, the origins of modern chemical and biological weapons systems date from the era of the two world wars. (encyclopedia.com)
- Understanding sensitivity or resistance to rabies is important, she said, not only because the disease still causes 55,000 deaths a year globally, but it could also potentially be weaponized and used as a bio-warfare agent. (thefreedictionary.com)
Developed biological weapons1
- Intelligence estimates indicate that up to a dozen countries may have developed biological weapons. (cdc.gov)
Microorganisms1
- Biological warfare: Microorganisms as drivers of host-parasite interactions. (stonybrook.edu)
Form of biological warfare2
- But both despots deploy this alternative form of biological warfare at their peril-at everybody's peril, really. (thebulletin.org)
- The first form of biological warfare may have been when the plague hit the Mongols . (wikipedia.org)
Forms of biological warfare2
- Rudimentary forms of biological warfare have been practiced since antiquity. (wikipedia.org)
- The Fourth International Congress for Microbiology joins the International Society of Cell Biology in condemning in the strongest possible terms all forms of biological warfare. (asm.org)
Deliberate1
- Britain has secret contingency plans to cope with a deliberate release of chemical or biological weapons in populated areas. (sott.net)
Humans2
- Japanese biological warfare research on humans: a case study of microbiology and ethics. (nih.gov)
- RMSF is transmitted to humans by tick bites, the only way I know of (short of biological warfare). (911blogger.com)
Intentional3
- Careful analysis by the Coalition forces following Desert Storm led to the conclusion that there was no intentional, tactical use of either biological or chemical weapons by Iraq during the war. (health.mil)
- Chemical warfare is the intentional use of toxic chemicals to kill or confuse man. (jamanetwork.com)
- The Conventions outlaw acts such as the intentional targeting of civilian populations and the creation and stockpiling of biological weapons. (heitordepaola.online)
Crops1
- Is The Pentagon Modifying Viruses To Save Crops - Or To Wage Biological Warfare? (opb.org)
Chemicals2
- In the 1960s, South Africa realized that they needed to update their Chemical and Biological Warfare program after the Egyptians starting using chemicals in Yemen during the mid 60s. (brightkite.com)
- Chemical Warfare (CW) uses chemicals, commonly called poison gas, to kill. (histclo.com)
Offensive1
- Offensive biological warfare is prohibited under customary international humanitarian law and several international treaties. (wikipedia.org)
19513
- During 1951, as the war turned against the United States, the Chinese and North Koreans made vague allegations of biological warfare, but these were not pursued. (wikipedia.org)
- [7] Schwable disclosed in his press statement that B-29s flew biological warfare missions to Korea from airfields in American-occupied Okinawa starting in November 1951. (wikipedia.org)
- April, 1951: Ad Hoc Committee on Biological Warfare formed. (asm.org)
History of biological weapons1
- The group is gathering at UTD to work on a book funded by NATO that will address the history of biological weapons from World War II to the present. (utdallas.edu)
20021
- At least since the 2002 publication of "Unrestricted Warfare," a book by two People's Liberation Army (PLA) colonels, Chinese military thinking has extended the concept of a battlefield to every aspect of military and civilian existence. (heitordepaola.online)
Programme1
- The Chemical and Biological Defence Programme (CBDP) 2009 annual report to US Congress stated that antagonist nations, terrorist organisations and other non-state actors continued to possess or seek weapons with the capacity to inflict catastrophic damage (physical, economic, or psychological). (army-technology.com)
CITE1
- Please cite an example of an accident in biological weapons work. (cornell.edu)
Terrorists1
- He has acted as a lobbyist and technical expert on biological weapons control and can provide insight into how terrorists or hostile governments might mount a biological attack and how it could be detected. (utdallas.edu)
Spores1
- Inspections in the post-war period by UN biological weapons teams found no weaponized stores of toxins, spores or organisms (although this finding does not answer the question of the size and scope of the Iraqi program in biological weapons, since the evidence has almost certainly been hidden or may have been destroyed in the period immediately after the ground war). (health.mil)
Conceivably result2
- A biological attack could conceivably result in large numbers of civilian casualties and cause severe disruption to economic and societal infrastructure. (wikipedia.org)
- The rationale behind the agreement is to avoid the devastating impact of a successful biological attack which could conceivably result in millions, possibly even billions, of deaths and cause severe disruptions to societies and economies. (bionity.com)
Covert2
- Until the end of World War II, Japan operated a covert biological and chemical warfare research and development unit called Unit 731 in Harbin . (wikipedia.org)
- Meanwhile, U.S. strategic planners and their British partners advocated the tactical, strategic, and covert possibilities of biological weapons as well as their potential as weapons of mass destruction. (encyclopedia.com)
Attacks2
- Background: Bubonic plague is amongst the diseases with the highest potential for being used in biological warfare attacks today. (eurekaselect.com)
- It was the Japanese who made the most use of biological weapons during World War II, as among other terrifyingly indiscriminate attacks, the Japanese Army Air Force dropped ceramic bombs full of fleas carrying the bubonic plague on Ningbo, China. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Defense equipment4
- The quantities, characteristics, and capabilities of fielded chemical and biological defense equipment to meet wartime and peacetime requirements for support of the Armed Forces, including individual protective items. (cornell.edu)
- The status of research and development programs, and acquisition programs, for required improvements in chemical and biological defense equipment and medical treatment, including an assessment of the ability of the Department of Defense and the industrial base to meet those requirements. (cornell.edu)
- Measures taken to ensure the integration of requirements for chemical and biological defense equipment and material among the Armed Forces. (cornell.edu)
- Inventory of chemical/biological defense equipment & supplies is conducted. (cram.com)
Program in biological1
- In 1950 the U.S. government, concurrent with the growing tensions of the early Cold War, and especially the outbreak of the Korean War , secretly launched a heavily funded and far-ranging crash program in biological warfare. (encyclopedia.com)
Defence2
- Atomic Biological and Chemical Warfare Home Defence! (angelfire.com)
- Developed world besides their conventional armies have established bio-defense units for defence against bio-warfare if any. (thefreedictionary.com)
Preparations1
- So in this series we will discuss fundamentals of biological warfare to outline some preventative preparations you can take in order to safeguard yourselves. (readynutrition.com)
Develop biological1
- Driven by reports of Japanese and German programs to develop biological weapons, the Allies embarked on vigorous efforts to develop their own biological weapons during World War II. (faqs.org)
Research11
- In contrast, defensive biological research for prophylactic, protective or other peaceful purposes is not prohibited by the BWC. (wikipedia.org)
- Dr. John Ellis van Courtland Moon , retired professor of history, Fitchburg State College, Fitchburg, Mass. Moon is an expert on the history of biological warfare and edited Biological and Toxin Weapons: Research, Development and Use from the Middle Ages to 1945 . (utdallas.edu)
- The strength of the project rests on the collaboration of Materials and Electrochemical Research (MER) Corporation, with extensive nanotechnology experience and Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute (LRRI), which is highly respected for its biological testing expertise and facilities. (sbir.gov)
- So the research could be perceived, at least, as a as a violation of the Biological Weapons Treaty. (opb.org)
- Throughout my research in many different books, reports on Biological warfare in Africa during the 1960's and 1970's, I have found a number of things. (brightkite.com)
- Following World War II, the South African Defense Force continued to research Chemical and Biological Warfare but more for riot control. (brightkite.com)
- The United States government, although declaring a self-imposed moratorium on actively pursuing biological weapons back in the 1970's has plenty of Bio-Level 4 facilities with weapons research and testing. (readynutrition.com)
- This book is a comprehensive overview of the scientific research and development that has been done in chemical and biological agent decontamination technology in the US military. (labmate-online.com)
- Currently, the United States Army is conducting 90% of their biological warfare research in T-2 mycotoxins, according to Dr. William Deagle, in a recent telephone interview. (mold-help.org)
- Recently declassified Government files reveal the events that led to research on biological weapons. (scientificamerican.com)
- FBR Press a global publisher that specialises in biomedical research books, articles, magazines and novels, announced on Tuesday that it will release an Armageddon bio-warfare political thriller by author and filmmaker Paul McKellips, titled Jericho 3, on 9 July 2012. (thefreedictionary.com)
Detection2
- Researchers in industry, government and academia are applying microfluidic technologies for use in food process controls, protein separation, drug development, diagnostics, environmental monitoring and chemical and biological warfare agent detection. (thefreedictionary.com)
- The recently formed division includes Graseby, with its chemical and biological warfare agent detection capability, Barringer Instruments (now Smiths Detection Warren) with their expertise in trace explosive and narcotics detection and Environmental Technologies Group (Now Smiths Detection Edgewood) with their expertise in artillery meteorology and biological warfare agent detection. (thefreedictionary.com)
World's1
- Critics say the plan proposes illegal acts of biological warfare, poses major ecological risks to one of the world's most bio-diverse countries, and will increase the human damage of a failed eradication policy. (panna.org)