Biological factors. Medical search

A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on a individual's condition and the usual course of the disease as seen in similar situations.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

A CELL CYCLE and tumor growth marker which can be readily detected using IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY methods. Ki-67 is a nuclear antigen present only in the nuclei of cycling cells.

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

Molecular products metabolized and secreted by neoplastic tissue and characterized biochemically in cells or body fluids. They are indicators of tumor stage and grade as well as useful for monitoring responses to treatment and predicting recurrence. Many chemical groups are represented including hormones, antigens, amino and nucleic acids, enzymes, polyamines, and specific cell membrane proteins and lipids.

Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.

Specific proteins found in or on cells of progesterone target tissues that specifically combine with progesterone. The cytosol progesterone-receptor complex then associates with the nucleic acids to initiate protein synthesis. There are two kinds of progesterone receptors, A and B. Both are induced by estrogen and have short half-lives.

Maleness or femaleness as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from SEX CHARACTERISTICS, anatomical or physiological manifestations of sex, and from SEX DISTRIBUTION, the number of males and females in given circumstances.

The external elements and conditions which surround, influence, and affect the life and development of an organism or population.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Social and economic factors that characterize the individual or group within the social structure.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

A set of techniques used when variation in several variables has to be studied simultaneously. In statistics, multivariate analysis is interpreted as any analytic method that allows simultaneous study of two or more dependent variables.

A class of statistical procedures for estimating the survival function (function of time, starting with a population 100% well at a given time and providing the percentage of the population still well at later times). The survival analysis is then used for making inferences about the effects of treatments, prognostic factors, exposures, and other covariates on the function.

Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.

Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Cytoplasmic proteins that bind estrogens and migrate to the nucleus where they regulate DNA transcription. Evaluation of the state of estrogen receptors in breast cancer patients has become clinically important.

Methods which attempt to express in replicable terms the extent of the neoplasm in the patient.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

The determination of the pattern of genes expressed at the level of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.

Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.

In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

Procedures for finding the mathematical function which best describes the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. In linear regression (see LINEAR MODELS) the relationship is constrained to be a straight line and LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS is used to determine the best fit. In logistic regression (see LOGISTIC MODELS) the dependent variable is qualitative rather than continuously variable and LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS are used to find the best relationship. In multiple regression, the dependent variable is considered to depend on more than a single independent variable.

A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.

Statistical models which describe the relationship between a qualitative dependent variable (that is, one which can take only certain discrete values, such as the presence or absence of a disease) and an independent variable. A common application is in epidemiology for estimating an individual's risk (probability of a disease) as a function of a given risk factor.

Individuals whose ancestral origins are in the continent of Europe.

Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.

The qualitative or quantitative estimation of the likelihood of adverse effects that may result from exposure to specified health hazards or from the absence of beneficial influences. (Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1988)

Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

Endogenously-synthesized compounds that influence biological processes not otherwise classified under ENZYMES; HORMONES or HORMONE ANTAGONISTS.

The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.

Complex pharmaceutical substances, preparations, or matter derived from organisms usually obtained by biological methods or assay.

A method of measuring the effects of a biologically active substance using an intermediate in vivo or in vitro tissue or cell model under controlled conditions. It includes virulence studies in animal fetuses in utero, mouse convulsion bioassay of insulin, quantitation of tumor-initiator systems in mouse skin, calculation of potentiating effects of a hormonal factor in an isolated strip of contracting stomach muscle, etc.

Treatment of diseases with biological materials or biological response modifiers, such as the use of GENES; CELLS; TISSUES; organs; SERUM; VACCINES; and humoral agents.

Warfare involving the use of living organisms or their products as disease etiologic agents against people, animals, or plants.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Biological activities and function of the whole organism in human, animal, microorgansims, and plants, and of the biosphere.

A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.

A field of biology concerned with the development of techniques for the collection and manipulation of biological data, and the use of such data to make biological discoveries or predictions. This field encompasses all computational methods and theories for solving biological problems including manipulation of models and datasets.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Use of naturally-occuring or genetically-engineered organisms to reduce or eliminate populations of pests.

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

Sequential operating programs and data which instruct the functioning of a digital computer.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.

Computer-based representation of physical systems and phenomena such as chemical processes.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Hybridization of a nucleic acid sample to a very large set of OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES, which have been attached individually in columns and rows to a solid support, to determine a BASE SEQUENCE, or to detect variations in a gene sequence, GENE EXPRESSION, or for GENE MAPPING.

The process of cumulative change over successive generations through which organisms acquire their distinguishing morphological and physiological characteristics.

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

Comprehensive, methodical analysis of complex biological systems by monitoring responses to perturbations of biological processes. Large scale, computerized collection and analysis of the data are used to develop and test models of biological systems.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

The physiological mechanisms that govern the rhythmic occurrence of certain biochemical, physiological, and behavioral phenomena.

Interacting DNA-encoded regulatory subsystems in the GENOME that coordinate input from activator and repressor TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS during development, cell differentiation, or in response to environmental cues. The networks function to ultimately specify expression of particular sets of GENES for specific conditions, times, or locations.

One of the BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE DISCIPLINES concerned with the origin, structure, development, growth, function, genetics, and reproduction of animals, plants, and microorganisms.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Databases devoted to knowledge about specific genes and gene products.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

The ratio of radiation dosages required to produce identical change based on a formula comparing other types of radiation with that of gamma or roentgen rays.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

A set of statistical methods used to group variables or observations into strongly inter-related subgroups. In epidemiology, it may be used to analyze a closely grouped series of events or cases of disease or other health-related phenomenon with well-defined distribution patterns in relation to time or place or both.

An analytical method used in determining the identity of a chemical based on its mass using mass analyzers/mass spectrometers.

Methods for determining interaction between PROTEINS.

The systematic study of the complete DNA sequences (GENOME) of organisms.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.

New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.

The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of genetic processes or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

Organisms, biological agents, or biologically-derived agents used strategically for their positive or adverse effect on the physiology and/or reproductive health of other organisms.

The systematic study of the complete complement of proteins (PROTEOME) of organisms.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

The portion of an interactive computer program that issues messages to and receives commands from a user.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

All of the divisions of the natural sciences dealing with the various aspects of the phenomena of life and vital processes. The concept includes anatomy and physiology, biochemistry and biophysics, and the biology of animals, plants, and microorganisms. It should be differentiated from BIOLOGY, one of its subdivisions, concerned specifically with the origin and life processes of living organisms.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

The protein complement of an organism coded for by its genome.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

Organized activities related to the storage, location, search, and retrieval of information.

Extensive collections, reputedly complete, of facts and data garnered from material of a specialized subject area and made available for analysis and application. The collection can be automated by various contemporary methods for retrieval. The concept should be differentiated from DATABASES, BIBLIOGRAPHIC which is restricted to collections of bibliographic references.

Complex sets of enzymatic reactions connected to each other via their product and substrate metabolites.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.

All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION.

Statistical formulations or analyses which, when applied to data and found to fit the data, are then used to verify the assumptions and parameters used in the analysis. Examples of statistical models are the linear model, binomial model, polynomial model, two-parameter model, etc.

A loose confederation of computer communication networks around the world. The networks that make up the Internet are connected through several backbone networks. The Internet grew out of the US Government ARPAnet project and was designed to facilitate information exchange.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

Anaerobic degradation of GLUCOSE or other organic nutrients to gain energy in the form of ATP. End products vary depending on organisms, substrates, and enzymatic pathways. Common fermentation products include ETHANOL and LACTIC ACID.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

Living organisms or their toxic products that are used to cause disease or death of humans during WARFARE.

The molecular designing of drugs for specific purposes (such as DNA-binding, enzyme inhibition, anti-cancer efficacy, etc.) based on knowledge of molecular properties such as activity of functional groups, molecular geometry, and electronic structure, and also on information cataloged on analogous molecules. Drug design is generally computer-assisted molecular modeling and does not include pharmacokinetics, dosage analysis, or drug administration analysis.

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

An interdisciplinary science concerned with studies of the biological bases of behavior - biochemical, genetic, physiological, and neurological - and applying these to the understanding and treatment of mental illness.

The process of pictorial communication, between human and computers, in which the computer input and output have the form of charts, drawings, or other appropriate pictorial representation.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of systems, processes, or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Specific, characterizable, poisonous chemicals, often PROTEINS, with specific biological properties, including immunogenicity, produced by microbes, higher plants (PLANTS, TOXIC), or ANIMALS.

Biological processes, properties, and characteristics of the whole organism in human, animal, microorganisms, and plants, and of the biosphere.

Databases containing information about PROTEINS such as AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; PROTEIN CONFORMATION; and other properties.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

Facilities that collect, store, and distribute tissues, e.g., cell lines, microorganisms, blood, sperm, milk, breast tissue, for use by others. Other uses may include transplantation and comparison of diseased tissues in the identification of cancer.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

A molecule that binds to another molecule, used especially to refer to a small molecule that binds specifically to a larger molecule, e.g., an antigen binding to an antibody, a hormone or neurotransmitter binding to a receptor, or a substrate or allosteric effector binding to an enzyme. Ligands are also molecules that donate or accept a pair of electrons to form a coordinate covalent bond with the central metal atom of a coordination complex. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of chemical processes or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

The development and use of techniques to study physical phenomena and construct structures in the nanoscale size range or smaller.

The phenomenon whereby compounds whose molecules have the same number and kind of atoms and the same atomic arrangement, but differ in their spatial relationships. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability.

The characteristic three-dimensional shape of a molecule.

One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

Substances that inhibit or prevent the proliferation of NEOPLASMS.

The monitoring of the level of toxins, chemical pollutants, microbial contaminants, or other harmful substances in the environment (soil, air, and water), workplace, or in the bodies of people and animals present in that environment.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.

The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.

Graphs representing sets of measurable, non-covalent physical contacts with specific PROTEINS in living organisms or in cells.

The pattern of GENE EXPRESSION at the level of genetic transcription in a specific organism or under specific circumstances in specific cells.

Human or animal tissue used as temporary wound coverings.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).

Drugs that are used to treat RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.

Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs, 21-25 nucleotides in length generated from single-stranded microRNA gene transcripts by the same RIBONUCLEASE III, Dicer, that produces small interfering RNAs (RNA, SMALL INTERFERING). They become part of the RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEX and repress the translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC) of target RNA by binding to homologous 3'UTR region as an imperfect match. The small temporal RNAs (stRNAs), let-7 and lin-4, from C. elegans, are the first 2 miRNAs discovered, and are from a class of miRNAs involved in developmental timing.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.

Body of knowledge related to the use of organisms, cells or cell-derived constituents for the purpose of developing products which are technically, scientifically and clinically useful. Alteration of biologic function at the molecular level (i.e., GENETIC ENGINEERING) is a central focus; laboratory methods used include TRANSFECTION and CLONING technologies, sequence and structure analysis algorithms, computer databases, and gene and protein structure function analysis and prediction.

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

The genetic complement of an organism, including all of its GENES, as represented in its DNA, or in some cases, its RNA.

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.

Cellular processes, properties, and characteristics.

The procedures involved in combining separately developed modules, components, or subsystems so that they work together as a complete system. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A functional system which includes the organisms of a natural community together with their environment. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

The physical phenomena describing the structure and properties of atoms and molecules, and their reaction and interaction processes.

The fundamental, structural, and functional units or subunits of living organisms. They are composed of CYTOPLASM containing various ORGANELLES and a CELL MEMBRANE boundary.

The extent to which the active ingredient of a drug dosage form becomes available at the site of drug action or in a biological medium believed to reflect accessibility to a site of action.

Characteristics or attributes of the outer boundaries of objects, including molecules.

A kingdom of eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that live parasitically as saprobes, including MUSHROOMS; YEASTS; smuts, molds, etc. They reproduce either sexually or asexually, and have life cycles that range from simple to complex. Filamentous fungi, commonly known as molds, refer to those that grow as multicellular colonies.

A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

The addition of descriptive information about the function or structure of a molecular sequence to its MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA record.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

Synthetic or natural materials, other than DRUGS, that are used to replace or repair any body TISSUES or bodily function.

The study of crystal structure using X-RAY DIFFRACTION techniques. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A field of biological research combining engineering in the formulation, design, and building (synthesis) of novel biological structures, functions, and systems.

The study of CHEMICAL PHENOMENA and processes in terms of the underlying PHYSICAL PHENOMENA and processes.

Materials which have structured components with at least one dimension in the range of 1 to 100 nanometers. These include NANOCOMPOSITES; NANOPARTICLES; NANOTUBES; and NANOWIRES.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in neoplastic tissue.

A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.

Microscopy of specimens stained with fluorescent dye (usually fluorescein isothiocyanate) or of naturally fluorescent materials, which emit light when exposed to ultraviolet or blue light. Immunofluorescence microscopy utilizes antibodies that are labeled with fluorescent dye.

Any of various enzymatically catalyzed post-translational modifications of PEPTIDES or PROTEINS in the cell of origin. These modifications include carboxylation; HYDROXYLATION; ACETYLATION; PHOSPHORYLATION; METHYLATION; GLYCOSYLATION; ubiquitination; oxidation; proteolysis; and crosslinking and result in changes in molecular weight and electrophoretic motility.

Chromatographic techniques in which the mobile phase is a liquid.

Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.

Any of a variety of procedures which use biomolecular probes to measure the presence or concentration of biological molecules, biological structures, microorganisms, etc., by translating a biochemical interaction at the probe surface into a quantifiable physical signal.

Substances that reduce the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA.

A genus of bacteria that form a nonfragmented aerial mycelium. Many species have been identified with some being pathogenic. This genus is responsible for producing a majority of the ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS of practical value.

A process that includes the determination of AMINO ACID SEQUENCE of a protein (or peptide, oligopeptide or peptide fragment) and the information analysis of the sequence.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.

Theory and development of COMPUTER SYSTEMS which perform tasks that normally require human intelligence. Such tasks may include speech recognition, LEARNING; VISUAL PERCEPTION; MATHEMATICAL COMPUTING; reasoning, PROBLEM SOLVING, DECISION-MAKING, and translation of language.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

Liquid components of living organisms.

A rigorously mathematical analysis of energy relationships (heat, work, temperature, and equilibrium). It describes systems whose states are determined by thermal parameters, such as temperature, in addition to mechanical and electromagnetic parameters. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed)

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

An interdisciplinary field in materials science, ENGINEERING, and BIOLOGY, studying the use of biological principles for synthesis or fabrication of BIOMIMETIC MATERIALS.

Use of sophisticated analysis tools to sort through, organize, examine, and combine large sets of information.

Agents that emit light after excitation by light. The wave length of the emitted light is usually longer than that of the incident light. Fluorochromes are substances that cause fluorescence in other substances, i.e., dyes used to mark or label other compounds with fluorescent tags.

In INFORMATION RETRIEVAL, machine-sensing or identification of visible patterns (shapes, forms, and configurations). (Harrod's Librarians' Glossary, 7th ed)

Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of kingdom Plantae (sensu lato), comprising the VIRIDIPLANTAE; RHODOPHYTA; and GLAUCOPHYTA; all of which acquired chloroplasts by direct endosymbiosis of CYANOBACTERIA. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (MERISTEMS); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absence of nervous and sensory systems; and an alternation of haploid and diploid generations.

The level of protein structure in which regular hydrogen-bond interactions within contiguous stretches of polypeptide chain give rise to alpha helices, beta strands (which align to form beta sheets) or other types of coils. This is the first folding level of protein conformation.

A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)

The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for VIRUS CULTIVATION and antitumor drug screening assays.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios.

Charybdotoxin and apamin block EDHF in rat mesenteric artery if selectively applied to the endothelium. (1/1056)

In rat mesenteric artery, endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) is blocked by a combination of apamin and charybdotoxin (ChTX). The site of action of these toxins has not been established. We compared the effects of ChTX and apamin applied selectively to the endothelium and to the smooth muscle. In isometrically mounted arteries, ACh (0.01-10 micrometers), in the presence of indomethacin (2.8 microM) and Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (100 microM), concentration dependently relaxed phenylephrine (PE)-stimulated tone (EC50 50 nM; n = 10). Apamin (50 nM) and ChTX (50 nM) abolished this relaxation (n = 5). In pressurized arteries, ACh (10 microM), applied intraluminally in the presence of indomethacin (2.8 microM) and L-NAME (100 microM), dilated both PE-stimulated (0.3-0.5 microM; n = 5) and myogenic tone (n = 3). Apamin (50 nM ) and ChTX (50 nM) applied intraluminally abolished ACh-induced dilatations. Bath superperfusion of apamin and ChTX did not affect ACh-induced dilatations of either PE-stimulated (n = 5) or myogenic tone (n = 3). This is the first demonstration that ChTX and apamin act selectively on the endothelium to block EDHF-mediated relaxation. (+info)

Endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization in resting and depolarized mammary and coronary arteries of guinea-pigs. (2/1056)

1. The membrane potential responses in guinea-pig coronary and mammary arteries attributable to endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin (PG) and hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF), and to exogenous NO and the prostacyclin analogue, iloprost, were compared at rest and when depolarized with the thromboxane analogue, U46619. 2. In the coronary artery, stimulation of the endothelium with acetylcholine (ACh) evoked hyperpolarization attributable to NO and a PG with similar pD2s at rest and in the presence of U46619. However, in depolarized tissues, the pD2 of the response attributed to EDHF required a 10 fold lower concentration of ACh compared with at rest. 3. In the mammary artery, lower concentrations of ACh were required to evoke NO- and EDHF-dependent hyperpolarizations in depolarized mammary artery compared with at rest, while PG-dependent hyperpolarization did not occur until the concentration of ACh was increased some 10 fold both at rest and in U46619. 4. The smooth muscle of the coronary artery of guinea-pigs was some 4 fold more sensitive to exogenous NO and iloprost than was the mammary artery. 5. In conclusion, the membrane potential response in arteries at rest, that is, in the absence of constrictor, may be extrapolated to events in the presence of constrictor when NO and PG are under study. However, the sensitivity to ACh and the magnitude of the hyperpolarization attributed to EDHF obtained in tissues at rest may underestimate these parameters in depolarized tissues. (+info)

Effects of Aspergillus fumigatus culture filtrate on antifungal activity of human phagocytes in vitro. (3/1056)

BACKGROUND: Aspergillus fumigatus can colonise the airways and the lungs with localised underlying conditions and occasionally invade the surrounding lung tissues even in subjects without systemic predisposing factors, presumably by escaping the local host defences. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of A fumigatus culture filtrate (ACF) on the activities of human phagocytes--inhibition of germination of A fumigatus spores by alveolar macrophages (AMs) and hyphal damage by polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs)--which are the critical host defences against A fumigatus. METHODS: Spores were incubated with AMs at a ratio of 1:1 in a medium containing different concentrations of ACF for 10 hours at 37 degrees C. Spore germination was visualised with light microscopy and the inhibition rate was calculated. The percentage of hyphal damage caused by PMNs pretreated with various concentrations of ACF was measured by a colorimetric tetrazolium metabolic assay. RESULTS: The inhibition rate of spore germination by AMs cultured with medium alone (control) was 90 (0.8)% whereas that by AMs cultured with the medium containing 10% ACF was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced to 41.7 (4.6)%. ACF suppressed the inhibition of spore germination in a dose dependent manner without altering the phagocytosing activity against the spores. The percentage of hyphal damage caused by PMNs pretreated with medium-199 (control) was 78.1 (2.3)% compared with 65.3 (2.8)% when PMNs were pretreated with 50% ACF (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A fumigatus releases biologically active substance(s) which suppress the inhibition of spore germination by AMs and also suppress PMN mediated hyphal damage, and thus may contribute to the pathogenicity of this fungus. (+info)

Inhibition of the production of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor by cannabinoid receptor agonists. (4/1056)

1. The endogenous cannabinoid, anandamide, has been reported to induce an 'endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF)-like' relaxation in vitro. We therefore investigated the effects of cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonists; HU 210, delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta9-THC) and anandamide, and a CB1 antagonist/inverse agonist, SR 141716A, on nitric oxide (NO) and EDHF-mediated relaxation in precontracted rings of porcine coronary, rabbit carotid and mesenteric arteries. 2. In rings of mesenteric artery HU 210 and delta9-THC induced endothelium- and cyclo-oxygenase-independent relaxations which were sensitive to SR 141716A. Anandamide (0.03-30 microM) induced a slowly developing, endothelium-independent relaxation which was abolished by diclofenac and was therefore mediated by cyclo-oxygenase product(s). None of the CB1 agonists tested affected the tone of precontracted rings of rabbit carotid or porcine coronary artery. 3. In endothelium-intact segments, HU 210, delta9-THC and anandamide did not affect NO-mediated responses but under conditions of continuous NO synthase/cyclo-oxygenase blockade, significantly inhibited acetylcholine and bradykinin-induced relaxations which are attributed to the production of EDHF. The effects of HU 210 and delta9-THC were not observed when experiments were performed in the presence of SR 141716A suggesting the involvement of the CB1 receptor. 4. In a patch clamp bioassay of EDHF production, HU 210 decreased the EDHF-mediated hyperpolarization of detector smooth muscle cells when applied to the donor segment but was without effect on the membrane potential of detector cells. The inhibition of EDHF production was unrelated to alterations in Ca2+ -signalling or cytochrome P450 activity. 5. These results suggest that the activation of endothelial CB1 receptors appears to be negatively coupled to the production of EDHF. (+info)

Proinflammatory mediators chronically downregulate the formation of the endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor in arteries via a nitric oxide/cyclic GMP-dependent mechanism. (5/1056)

BACKGROUND: Endothelium-dependent dilator responses mediated by NO and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) are altered in arteriosclerosis and sepsis. The possibility that proinflammatory mediators that stimulate the expression of inducible NO synthase (NOS II) affect the generation of EDHF was examined in isolated arteries. METHODS AND RESULTS: Under combined blockade of NOS and cyclooxygenase, EDHF-mediated relaxation elicited by several agonists was significantly attenuated in rabbit carotid and porcine coronary arteries exposed to cytokines and lipopolysaccharide. The blunted relaxation was coincident with NOS II expression and was prevented by inhibition of NOS II as well as of global protein synthesis. The NO donor CAS 1609 and 8-bromo-cGMP mimicked the proinflammatory mediator effect. In contrast, long-term blockade of endothelial NO generation increased the relaxation in carotid but not in coronary arteries. Proinflammatory mediators reduced the synthesis of EDHF assessed as hyperpolarization of vascular smooth muscle cells elicited by the effluent from bradykinin-stimulated coronary arteries. Proinflammatory mediators induced NOS II expression in cultured endothelial cells and decreased the expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes, which are the most probable candidates for the synthesis of EDHF. CONCLUSIONS: Proinflammatory mediators inhibit the formation of EDHF in isolated arteries. This impairment is coincident with NOS II expression in the arterial wall and seems to be mediated through the induced generation of NO, which downregulates the putative EDHF-forming enzyme. Thus, a decreased formation of EDHF may contribute to the endothelial dysfunction in arteriosclerosis and sepsis. (+info)

A cytosolic factor is required for mitochondrial cytochrome c efflux during apoptosis. (6/1056)

Treatment of HL-60 cells with staurosporine (STS) induced mitochondrial cytochrome c efflux into the cytosol, which was followed by caspase-3 activation and apoptosis. Consistent with these observations, in vitro experiments demonstrated that, except for cytochrome c, the cytosol of HL-60 cells contained sufficient amounts of all factors required for caspase-3 activation. In contrast, treatment of HCW-2 cells (an apoptotic-resistant HL-60 subclone) with STS failed to induce significant amounts of mitochondrial cytochrome c efflux, caspase-3 activation, and apoptosis. In vitro assays strongly suggested that a lack of cytochrome c in the cytosol was the primary limiting factor for caspase-3 activation in HCW-2 cells. To explore the mechanism which regulates mitochondrial cytochrome c efflux, we developed an in vitro assay which showed that cytosolic extracts from STS-treated, but not untreated, HL-60 cells contained an activity, which we designated 'CIF' (cytochrome c-efflux inducing factor), which rapidly induced cytochrome c efflux from HL-60 mitochondria. In contrast, there was no detectable CIF activity in STS-treated HCW-2 cells although the mitochondria from HCW-2 cells were responsive to the CIF activity from STS-treated HL-60 cells. These experiments have identified a novel activity, CIF, which is required for cytochrome c efflux and they indicate that the absence of CIF is the biochemical explanation for the impaired ability of HCW-2 cells to activate caspase-3 and undergo apoptosis. (+info)

Involvement of CB1 cannabinoid receptors in the EDHF-dependent vasorelaxation in rabbits. (7/1056)

1. It was recently suggested that an endogenous cannabinoid could represent an endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF). The aim of the present study was to clarify whether CB1 cannabinoid receptors are involved in the nitric oxide (NO)- and prostanoid-independent vasodilation produced by acetylcholine in rabbits. 2. Pithed rabbits received indomethacin. Noradrenaline was infused to raise blood pressure, and vasodilation was elicited by bolus injections of acetylcholine. The NO-synthase inhibitor Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methylester inhibited the acetylcholine-evoked vasodilation by about 40%. The remaining vasodilation was unaffected by the CB1 cannabinoid receptor antagonist SR141716A, but was inhibited by the potassium channel blocker tetraethylammonium. In addition, the mixed CB1/CB2 cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN55212-2 did not elicit vasodilation. 3. No CB1 cannabinoid receptors were involved in the prostanoid- and NO-independent vasodilation produced by acetylcholine. An exogenous cannabinoid also did not cause vasodilation. Therefore, it is unlikely that an endogenous cannabinoid serves as an EDHF acting at smooth muscle CB1 cannabinoid receptors in the rabbit. (+info)

Relationship between NaF- and thapsigargin-induced endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization in rat mesenteric artery. (8/1056)

1. In isolated rat mesenteric artery with endothelium, NaF caused slowly developing hyperpolarization. The hyperpolarizing effect was unchanged in the presence of N(G)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NOARG) and indomethacin, but was markedly reduced by high K+. In Ca2+ -free medium or in the presence of Ni2+, NaF failed to produce hyperpolarization. 2. NaF-induced hyperpolarization was substantially unaffected by deferoxamine, an Al3+ chelator, okadaic acid and calyculin A, phosphatase inhibitors, and preincubation with pertussis toxin, suggesting that neither the action of fluoroaluminates as a G protein activator nor inhibition of phosphatase activity contributes to the hyperpolarizing effect. 3. The selective inhibitors of the Ca2+ -pump ATPase of endoplasmic reticulum, thapsigargin and cyclopiazonic acid, elicited hyperpolarization, whose properties were very similar to those of NaF. When intracellular Ca2+ stores had been depleted with these inhibitors, NaF no longer generated hyperpolarization. 4. In Ca2+ -free medium, NaF (or thapsigargin) caused a transient increase in the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in cultured porcine aortic endothelial cells, and subsequent application of thapsigargin (or NaF) failed to increase [Ca2+]i. 5. In arterial rings precontracted with phenylephrine, NaF produced endothelium-dependent relaxation followed by sustained contraction even in the presence of L-NOARG and indomethacin. The relaxant response was abolished by high K+ or cyclopiazonic acid. 6. These results indicate that NaF causes endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization, thereby leading to smooth muscle relaxation of rat mesenteric artery. This action appears to be mediated by the promotion of Ca2+ influx into endothelial cells that can be triggered by the emptying of intracellular Ca2+ stores, as proposed for those of thapsigargin and cyclopiazonic acid. (+info)

Biological factors[edit]. Women and men differ in their chromosomal makeup, protein gene products, genomic imprinting, gene ... All of these factors place them at higher risk.[11] In developing countries, cervical cancer accounts for 12% of cancer cases ... Biological differences vary all the way from phenotype to the cellular, and manifest unique risks for the development of ill ... Social and cultural factors[edit]. See also: Gender equality and Gender disparities in health ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women's_health

Biological Risk Factors[edit]. Some common biological risk factors include: *Age of either parent *Adolescent parents * ... General risk factors[edit]. Factors increasing the risk (to either the pregnant individual, the fetus/es, or both) of pregnancy ... Environmental Risk Factors[edit]. Some common environmental risk factors include: *Exposure to environmental toxins in ... "Risk factors present before pregnancy". Merck Manual Home Health Handbook. Merck Sharp & Dohme. Archived from the original on ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complications_of_pregnancy

Biological factors[edit]. Genetics[edit]. A 2008 study compared 112 male-to-female transsexuals (MtFs), both androphilic and ... The most studied factors are biological, especially brain structure differences in relation to biology and sexual orientation. ... "Biological Psychiatry. 65 (1): 93-6. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.08.033. PMC 3402034. PMID 18962445.. ... Environmental factors have also been proposed. Transgender brain studies, especially those on trans women who are sexually ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causes_of_transsexuality

Biological factors[edit]. Another possible explanation for increased social inhibition has to do with biological factors. A ... They will be highly critical of others much like they are to themselves.[9] Shyness is another factor that is a part of social ... One major factor that contributes to the increase of social inhibition is power. Reduced power is linked to an array of ... The factors that were found to be contributors to social inhibition were female gender, exposure to maternal stress during ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_inhibition

Biological factors[edit]. This uniqueness in the prairie vole behavior is related to the oxytocin and vasopressin hormones. The ... Their life expectancy is based on predator presence and natural factors in their area of inhabitance. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prairie_vole

Ann Holcomb, Biological Factors. Atlanta, Georgia: NEXUS Gallery, 1991. Exhibition catalogue includes statements by the artists ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristine_Stiles

Human-Factors Engineering: application of engineering, physiology, and psychology to the optimization of the human-machine ... "MIT, Department of Biological Engineering". Retrieved 16 April 2015.. *^ "Utah State University, Department of Biological ... In general, biological engineers (or biomedical engineers) attempt to either mimic biological systems to create products or ... Biological engineering is a science-based discipline founded upon the biological sciences in the same way that chemical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioengineer

Goochee CF (1992). "Bioprocess factors affecting glycoprotein oligosaccharide structure". Developments in Biological ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligosaccharide

Many factors contribute to mental health problems, including: *Biological factors, such as genes or brain chemistry ... Factors such as clean water and air, adequate housing, and safe communities and roads all have been found to contribute to good ... More specifically, key factors that have been found to influence whether people are healthy or unhealthy include the following: ... See also: Social determinants of health and Risk factor. Generally, the context in which an individual lives is of great ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health?rdfrom=http://www.chinabuddhismencyclopedia.com/en/index.php?title=Health&redirect=no

They include socioeconomic, psychological, biological, and behavioral factors. Controversial topics include media violence ... The concept of the pater familias acted as a unifying factor in extended kin groups, and the later practice of wergild ... Religious sentiment often becomes a contributory factor of crime. In the 1819 anti-Jewish riots in Frankfurt, rioters attacked ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminal

Rossi A, Galetta D, Gridelli C (2009). "Biological prognostic and predictive factors in lung cancer". Oncology. 77 Suppl 1: 90- ... Inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)[13] *bevacizumab (Avastin)[14][unreliable medical source?] ... Inhibitors of Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) *tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI's):[9] *erlotinib (Tarceva)[10][ ... Riely GJ, Politi KA, Miller VA, Pao W (December 2006). "Update on epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in non-small cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Targeted_therapy_of_lung_cancer

Biological process. • brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway. • negative regulation of neuron apoptotic ... BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, ANON2, BULN2, Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, brain derived neurotrophic factor. ... Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), or abrineurin,[5] is a protein[6] that, in humans, is encoded by the BDNF gene.[7][8] ... which are related to the canonical nerve growth factor. Neurotrophic factors are found in the brain and the periphery. BDNF was ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BDNF

Biological process. • regulation of protein phosphorylation. • positive regulation of protein phosphorylation. • positive ... TNF, DIF, TNF-alpha, TNFA, TNFSF2, Tumour necrosis factor, TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor, TNLG1F, Tumor necrosis factor alpha. ... Tumor necrosis factor (TNF, tumor necrosis factor alpha, TNFα, cachexin, or cachectin) is a cell signaling protein (cytokine) ... reported another cytotoxic factor produced by macrophages and named it tumor necrosis factor (TNF).[14] Both factors were ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TNF-alpha

Environmental physiologists also examine plant response to biological factors. This includes not only negative interactions, ... All biological pigments selectively absorb certain wavelengths of light while reflecting others. The light that is absorbed may ... Main article: Biological pigment. Among the most important molecules for plant function are the pigments. Plant pigments ... Secondly, plant physiology includes the study of biological and chemical processes of individual plant cells. Plant cells have ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_physiology

Zeiler M.D, Harzem P. (Eds.) (1983). Biological factors in learning. New York: Wiley. Harzem, P.E. (Ed.)(1981). Predictability ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Harzem

Biological factors and views. See also: Sexual differentiation and Sexual differentiation in humans ... and other factors not limited to biological sex. In contrast to taxonomic approaches, some feminist philosophers have argued ... that link biological and behavioral differences. These extend from the exclusively biological "genetic" and "prenatal hormonal ... Anne Fausto-Sterling (1992) Myths of Gender: Biological Theories about Men and Women. New York: Basic Books. p. 8 ISBN 0-465- ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender

Biological and environmental factorsEdit. Stress affect food preferences. Numerous studies - granted, many of them in animals ... These biological factors can interact with environmental elements to further trigger hyperphagia, namely the type of stressor ... Contributing factorsEdit. Negative affectEdit. Overall, high levels of the negative affect trait are related to emotional ... The biological stress response may also contribute to the development of emotional eating tendencies. In a crisis, ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emotional_eating

Biological process. • regulation of apoptotic process. • negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process. • positive regulation ... transforming growth factor beta receptor binding. • growth factor activity. • transforming growth factor beta binding. • type ... type III transforming growth factor beta receptor binding. • cytokine activity. • type I transforming growth factor beta ... TGFB3, ARVD, ARVD1, RNHF, TGF-beta3, Transforming growth factor, beta 3, LDS5, transforming growth factor beta 3. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TGFB3

These factors allow us to make the hybrid biological models.... ...we speculate that when a V -variable geometrical fractal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnsley

... biological and social, protective and risk factors; interactions of biological and social factors; stress; longitudinal as well ... The importance of these refinements of the maternal deprivation hypothesis was to reposition it as a "vulnerability factor" ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Rutter

Chemical factors include oxygen and trace elements. Biological factors include grazing and migrations. Upwelling carries ... The spatial distribution of organisms can be controlled by a number of factors. Physical factors include: temperature, ... Due to biological uptake, the photic zone has relatively low levels of nutrient concentrations. As a result, phytoplankton ... It undergoes a series of physical, chemical, and biological processes that supply nutrients into the upper water column. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photic_zone

Endogenous factors originate from the organism itself; sex, age, biological rhythms, etc. Exogenous factors are environmental ... Endogenous factors[edit]. Endogenous rhythm[edit]. Biological clocks are an ancient and adaptive sense of time innate to an ... Exogenous factors[edit]. Light[edit]. This section possibly contains inappropriate or misinterpreted citations that do not ... argues that water transparency is the ultimate variable that determines the exogenous factor (or combination of factors) that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diel_vertical_migration

Vàzquez-Salat, Núria (2013). "Are good ideas enough? The impact of socio-economic and regulatory factors on GMO ... An International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association. 38 (6): 473-483. ISSN 0278-6915. ... commercialisation". Biological Research. 46 (4): 317-322. doi:10.4067/S0716-97602013000400002. PMID 24510133.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulation_of_genetic_engineering

Health Hazards (Biological, Chemical and Physical hazards, Ergonomics and Human Factors);. *Working Environments (Mining, ... Biological hazards may stem from the potential for legionella exposure at work or the investigation of biological injury or ... The occupational hygienist may be involved with the assessment and control of physical, chemical, biological or environmental ... These hazards or stressors are typically divided into the categories biological, chemical, physical, ergonomic and psychosocial ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hygiene

Biological and physiological factors in cardiovascular disease. Berlin: Springer Verlag, 355-75 (1986). Wesseling KH: Finapres ... Digest of the 10th international conference on medical and biological engineering - Dresden (1973). Wesseling, K. H.; Settels, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_continuous_noninvasive_arterial_pressure

Most of these factors serve biological functions. For example, the process of satiation helps the organism maintain a stable ... The variable ratio payoff from slot machines and other forms of gambling has often been cited as a factor underlying gambling ... Occasional reinforcement can lead to an even longer delay before behavior extinction due to the learning factor of repeated ... Several experimental findings seem to run counter to two-factor theory. For example, avoidance behavior often extinguishes very ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operant_conditioning

Chavira, Michelle (2015). "Re-evaluating temperament: biological and psychological factors". American Journal of Behavioral ... Greeson, Sean; Hoalburrough, Janise (2014). "Temperament and workforce performance: factors, theories and findings". British ... "other factors that have the potential to affect how one socializes." The term isolation is also used to show that oppression is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperament_Isolation_Theory

Biological factor in schizophrenia. A. Okasha. Ain shams Medical Journal. 1974 pp. 149-151 1975 30. Psychosocial and ... Interpersonal Factors in the Origin and Course of Affective Disorders". (Expressed emotion in families of a sample of Egyptian ... Ethical Issues in Biological Psychiatry Research Read in WPA intersectional congress Athens 2004. 244. The Family differences ... Biological aspects of addiction editorial. Current Opinion in Psychiatry.1999 208. comments on teaching psychiatry to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Okasha

Series B, Biological Sciences. 359 (1441): 87-93. doi:10.1098/rstb.2003.1368. PMC 1693300 . PMID 15065660.. ... Sigurdsson S, Van Komen S, Petukhova G, Sung P (Nov 2002). "Homologous DNA pairing by human recombination factors Rad51 and ... Biological process. • regulation of protein phosphorylation. • strand invasion. • mitotic recombination-dependent replication ... The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 274 (18): 12748-52. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.18.12748. PMID 10212258.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rad51

Shnoll Physico-chemical factors of biological evolution. - Moscow: Nauka, 1979. - 263. S. Shnoll Cosmophysical factors in ... He is also author of books "Physico-chemical factors of biological evolution" (1979) and "Heroes, villains, and conformists of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Shnoll

Biological neurons are connected to each other in a complex, recurrent fashion. These connections are, unlike most artificial ... from growth factors to hormones that modulate and influence the growth and development of functional connections between ... Main article: Biological neuron models. Even single neurons have complex biophysical characteristics and can perform ... Hence there is a drive to produce simplified neuron models that can retain significant biological fidelity at a low ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_neuroscientist

Series B, Biological Sciences. May 2001, 356 (1409): 617-23. PMC 1088449. PMID 11375065. doi:10.1098/rstb.2001.0845.. ... Cell-intrinsic transforming growth factor-beta signaling mediates virus-specific CD8+ T cell deletion and viral persistence in ... The Journal of Biological Chemistry. December 2015, 290 (51): 30204-11. PMC 4683245. PMID 26468291. doi:10.1074/jbc.R115.685990 ...

https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/T细胞

Biological process. • anterior/posterior pattern specification. • multicellular organism development. • anterior/posterior axis ... transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding. • RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA ... The homeobox genes encode a highly conserved family of transcription factors that play an important role in morphogenesis in ... "The thyroid transcription factor-1 gene is a candidate target for regulation by Hox proteins". EMBO J. 13 (14): 3339-47. PMC ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HOXD8

The size of an animal is also a factor in determining diet type (Allen's rule). Since small mammals have a high ratio of heat- ... Those species that seek pest insects are considered beneficial 'biological control agents' and their presence encouraged in ... biological pest control programmes.[45] Combined, insectivorous birds eat 400-500 million metric tons of arthropods annually.[ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eat

"Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research = Revista Brasileira de Pesquisas Medicas e Biologicas. 39 (8): 1065-70. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indinavir

... that has a biological or psychological effect on a patient may also have potential to possess dangerous biological or ... Other factors. There are also reasons why a placebo treatment group may outperform a "no-treatment" group in a test which are ... Social factors. Authors have speculated on the socio-cultural and psychological reasons for the appeal of alternative medicines ... Alternative medicine describes any practice that aims to achieve the healing effects of medicine, but which lacks biological ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrative_medicine

"β-Catenin". Sino Biological Inc.: Biological Solution Specialist. Reynolds AB (June 2011). "Epithelial organization: new ... Yi ZY, Feng LJ, Xiang Z, Yao H (2011). "Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 activation mediates epithelial to ... There are other physiological factors that are associated with cancer development through their interactions with catenins. For ... Mutations or aberrant regulation of catenins may also associate with other factors that promote metastasis and tumorigenesis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catenin

The conversion factor between RPM and g depends on the radius of the centrifuge rotor. The particles' settling velocity in ... Centrifugation in biological researchEdit. MicrocentrifugesEdit. Microcentrifuges are used to process small volumes of ... Ultracentrifugation makes use of high centrifugal force for studying properties of biological particles. Compared to ... biological molecules, cells, or nuclei. Microcentrifuge tubes generally hold 0.5 - 2.0 mL of liquid, and are spun at maximum ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifugation

The two species are similar in size, shape and life history.[7][8][9] Habitat is the main factor separating the range of blue ... Biological Sciences. 279 (1730): 1017. doi:10.1098/rspb.2011.1496.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_crab

Biological process. • progesterone biosynthetic process. • female gamete generation. • positive regulation of bone resorption. ... transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway. • positive regulation of cell migration. • positive regulation of ... 2002). "Assessment of the in vitro and in vivo biological activities of the human follicle-stimulating isohormones". Mol. Cell ... 2002). "Assessment of the in vitro and in vivo biological activities of the human follicle-stimulating isohormones". Mol. Cell ...

https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/هرمون_منبه_للجريب_بيتا

Biological process. • multicellular organism development. • intramembranous ossification. • regulation of transcription, DNA- ... Sutton AL, Zhang X, Ellison TI, Macdonald PN (September 2005). "The 1,25(OH)2D3-regulated transcription factor MN1 stimulates ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MN1_

A Vital Legacy: Biological and Environmental Research in the Atomic Age, U.S. Department of Energy, The Office of Biological ... One of the factors most responsible for the acceptance of positron imaging was the development of radiopharmaceuticals. In ... Psychiatry: Numerous compounds that bind selectively to neuroreceptors of interest in biological psychiatry have been ... by the Brookhaven group under the direction of Al Wolf and Joanna Fowler was a major factor in expanding the scope of PET ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/PET_scan

Despite the importance of numerous psychosocial factors, at its core, drug addiction involves a biological process: the ability ... As a causal factor in pathologyEdit. Sensitization has been implied as a causal or maintaining mechanism in a wide range of ... a b Croner S (1992). "Prediction and detection of allergy development: influence of genetic and environmental factors". J. ... De Swert LF (1999). "Risk factors for allergy". Eur. J. Pediatr. 158 (2): 89-94. doi:10.1007/s004310051024. PMID 10048601. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensitization

"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 276 (1654): 121-127. doi:10.1098/rspb.2008.0858. PMC 2614250. PMID ... Plants respond and adapt to environmental factors, such as light and mechanical stress from wind. Leaves need to support their ... Other factors include the need to balance water loss at high temperature and low humidity against the need to absorb ... but also to other factors such as grazing animals (such as deer), available nutrients, and ecological competition from other ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauline

... proteins including interferon regulatory factor 3 and interferon regulatory factor 7 trigger a signalling cascade that leads to ... May 2002). "Hemorrhagic fever viruses as biological weapons: medical and public health management". Journal of the American ... Education of the general public about the risk factors for Ebola infection and of the protective measures individuals may take ... When EVD is suspected, travel, work history, and exposure to wildlife are important factors with respect to further diagnostic ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebola_virus_disease

"Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 77 (2): 193-200. doi:10.1046/j.1095-8312.2002.00096.x. ISSN 0024-4066.. ... International Wildfowl Inquiry Volume i Factors Affecting the General Status of Wild Geese and Wild Duck. Cambridge University ... Sandilands, Al (2011). Birds of Ontario: Habitat Requirements, Limiting Factors, and Status: Volume 1-Nonpasserines: Loons ... The mallard is omnivorous and very flexible in its choice of food.[61] Its diet may vary based on several factors, including ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mallard

... caused by other factors such as disease and overhunting by humans.[16][17] New research suggests that the extinction of the ... "Cooking as a biological trait" (PDF). Comp Biochem Physiol a Mol Integr Physiol. 136 (1): 35-46. doi:10.1016/S1095-6433(03) ... "Slowly digested and absorbed carbohydrate in traditional bushfoods: a protective factor against diabetes?". Am J Clin Nutr. 45 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleolithic

Examples of these classifications include gender, nationality, ethnicity, language, genre, style, biological species, and form. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerical_data

... probably with the help of an unknown GDP exchange factor. A domain of Toc159 might be the exchange factor that carry out the ... Series B, Biological Sciences. 365 (1541): 729-48. doi:10.1098/rstb.2009.0103. PMC 2817223. PMID 20124341.. ... The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 271 (11): 6545-54. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.11.6545. PMID 8626459.. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroplast_DNA

a newly discovered member of the leucine-rich repeat protein family". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (15): 12212-21. ... negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway. • negative regulation of tooth ... a novel member of the leucine-rich repeat protein family closely related to decorin and biglycan". The Journal of Biological ... The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 282 (44): 32193-9. PMID 17804408. doi:10.1074/jbc.M706262200. الوسيط ,التاريخ=. تم تجاهله ...

https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asporin

"The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 288 (7): 4878-90. doi:10.1074/jbc.M112.422410. PMC 3576092 . PMID 23275336.. ... Koon HW, Zhao D, Na X, Moyer MP, Pothoulakis C (Oct 2004). "Metalloproteinases and transforming growth factor-alpha mediate ... Unique among biological processes, SP release (and expression of its NK1 Receptor (through autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine- ... The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 279 (44): 45519-27. doi:10.1074/jbc.M408523200. PMID 15319441.. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substance_P

... including the possibility of the permanent alteration of our biological nature. These concerns are shared by other philosophers ... Superpower § Possible factors. Theories and concepts in technology. *Appropriate technology. *Diffusion of innovations ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological

Personal and social factors for abortions[change , change source]. A bar chart from a study done in 1998. In shows the reasons ... Russo J, Russo I (1987). "Biological and molecular bases of mammary carcinogenesis". Laboratory Investigation 57 (2): 112-37. ... Pregnancy interruption as a risk factor in tumor incidence". Am. J. Pathol. 100 (2): 497-512. PMC 1903536. PMID 6773421. ... Pregnancy interruption as a risk factor in tumor incidence". Am J Pathol 100 (2): 505-506. PMID 6773421. "In contrast, abortion ...

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abortion

Hart BL (1988). "Biological basis of the behavior of sick animals". Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 12 (2): 123-37. doi:10.1016/S0149- ... Hyperalgesia is induced by platelet-activating factor (PAF) which comes about in an inflammatory or an allergic response. This ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperalgesia

... in addition to many extracytoplasmic function sigma factors, providing the organism with the ability to respond to a wide range ... "Biological Properties and Classification of the Caulobacter Group". Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 28 (3): 231-95. doi:10.1128/ ... "An essential transcription factor, SciP, enhances robustness of Caulobacter cell cycle regulation". Proceedings of the ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caulobacter_crescentus

He is Jewish and the catalyst of Maude's most significant development, as she is a vital factor in his escape to neutral Sweden ... Holger Jørgensen, former husband of Ingeborg Skjern and biological father of Ellen returns to town, now a member of the small ... However, the German officer is merely delivering a last gift and message from Ellen's biological father Holger, who has died in ... At the same time Ingeborg receives a letter from Holger, her divorced husband and biological father of Ellen. Events cause ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matador_

Freeman, Scott (2002). Biological Science (2nd Edition). Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall. pp. 835-837. ISBN 0-13-140941-7. ... If any of the previously mentioned factors' functions are ablated, the default photoreceptor is a S cone. These events take ... The great biological importance of photoreceptors is that they convert light (visible electromagnetic radiation) into signals ... The key events mediating rod versus S cone versus M cone differentiation are induced by several transcription factors, ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoreceptor_cell

Biomechanics is the study of the structure and function of biological systems by means of the methods of Mechanics. ... The father of modern medicine: the first research of the physical factor of tetanus Archived 18 November 2011 at the Wayback ... Biophysics is an interdisciplinary science that uses the methods of physics and physical chemistry to study biological systems. ... Histology is the study of the structures of biological tissues by light microscopy, electron microscopy and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical

"The paired domain-containing factor Pax8 and the homeodomain-containing factor TTF-1 directly interact and synergistically ... Biological process. • regulation of apoptotic process. • pronephros development. • regulation of metanephric nephron tubule ... "The paired domain-containing factor Pax8 and the homeodomain-containing factor TTF-1 directly interact and synergistically ... Paramutation & Pax Transcription Factors. 44: 97-106. doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.09.016. PMID 26410163.. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/PAX8

Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society. 82 (4): 591-605. doi:10.1111/j.1469-185X.2007.00027.x. PMID 17944619 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mann-Whitney_U_test

Biological factors in the workplace: Risk assessment. Original title. Czynniki biologiczne na stanowisku pracy: Ocena ryzyka [ ... responsibilities of employers; Poland; risk factors; biological hazards; hazard evaluation. Descriptors (secondary). legal ... together with the list of hazardous biological factors (sources, occurrence, modes of transmission and possible effects on ... This guide explains how to carry out an evaluation of biological hazards at the workplace. The procedures of hazard evaluation ...

https://www.ilo.org/dyn/cisdoc2/cismain.details?p_lang=en&p_doc_id=108506

... tionship to Disease Edited By Russell H. Neubauer. ... Naturally Occuring Biological Immunosuppressive Factors and Their Relationship to Disease. ISBN , Quantity: ... 5. Suppressor Factors in Serum and Plasma. 6. Human Lymphoid Cell Lines: In Vitro Models for Study of the Immune Response. 7. ... 3. Serum Blocking Factors in Cancer Patients. 4. Circulating Lymphocyte Inhibitors in Liver Diseases and Uremia: Concept of ...

https://www.routledge.com/Naturally-Occuring-Biological-Immunosuppressive-Factors-and-Their-Relationship/Neubauer/p/book/9780367229597

... a biological factor is that which affects the behavior and function of an organism and includes any condition that has a ... Types of Biological Factors. Biological factors are considered the primary determinants of the way a human behaves and may play ... Link Between Biological Factors and Health. Because biological factors can play such a large part in human behavior, doctors, ... Examples of Biological Factors. A biological factor can determine how an individual behaves under different situations. Certain ...

https://www.reference.com/science/meant-biological-factors-2f79e4d534fa1e93

Gender gap in maths driven by social factors, not biological differences * facebook ... These factors make it easier to be a mother but also easier to be a hands-on father. ... Note that exactly the same factors probably explain why there is a huge male over-representation at top levels in games of pure ... No social factors can explain better male rats performance, certainly not male rats chauvinistic behavior. ...

https://scienceblogs.com/notrocketscience/2009/06/01/gender-gap-in-maths-driven-by-social-factors-not-biological

Insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins: biological actions.. Jones JI1, Clemmons DR. ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7758431?dopt=Abstract

Women in Science: Biological Factors Should Not Be Ignored. Cardozo Womens Law Journal, Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 509-528, 2005 ... Browne, Kingsley R., Women in Science: Biological Factors Should Not Be Ignored. Cardozo Womens Law Journal, Vol. 11, No. 3, ... An analysis that takes into account biological sex differences provides a richer and more plausible account of occupational ...

https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=877664

The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and type of professional biological risk factors, to evaluate the use of ... More than half (51.4%) of the respondents experienced sharps injuries, 62.1% were exposed to biological fluids, and 39.6% of ... Exposure of healthy skin and eyes to biological fluids occurred in 63% and 20% of the cases, respectively. Majority of ... More than half of the respondents experienced sharps injury or exposure to biological fluids during the study period. ...

https://www.mdpi.com/1010-660X/45/7/530

Phytochrome-interacting factors have both shared and distinct biological roles.. Jeong J1, Choi G. ... Phytochromeinteracting factors (PIFs) belonging to Arabidopsis basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) subgroup 15 are key interacting ... Based on our observations, we propose that the biological roles of PIFs stem from their shared and distinct DNA binding targets ... Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea.. ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23708772?dopt=Abstract

Emotion is complex, and the term has no single universally accepted definition. Emotion is, however, closely related to motivation and can sometimes provide mot

https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/psychology/psychology/psychology-emotions/biologicalphysiological-factors

Biological Agents , Biological Factor , Biologic Factor , Biologic Factors , Factor, Biologic , Factor, Biological , Factors, ... Biological Factors Equivalent Terms Agents, Biologic , Agents, Biological , Biologic Agents , ... Biologic , Factors, Biological Definition Endogenously-synthesized compounds that influence biological processes not otherwise ... 2002-2012 MDI Biological Laboratory. All rights reserved.. © 2012-2018 MDI Biological Laboratory & NC State University. All ...

http://ctd.mdibl.org/detail.go?type=chem&acc=D001685

Examining the Biological Factors That Affect Sleep Duration. The safety and scientific validity of this study is the ... This study will examine people who regularly sleep for short or long amounts of time to understand the biological factors that ... A longer biological night in long sleepers than in short sleepers. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Jan;88(1):26-30. ... It is unknown whether there is a biological or genetic basis for the amount of sleep a person needs. This inpatient study will ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00607204

The first are biological factors, and biological factors regulate food, sex, and drugs, include hormones. The brain regulates ... And these are what we call our socio-cultural factors. Okay, so lets take a look at the biological and socio-cultural factors ... is the effect that biological and socio-cultural factors have on drugs. So there are various biological and psychosocial ... Withdrawal effects also have a biological basis. Withdrawals and cravings. There are many biochemical factors, that affect drug ...

https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/behavior/physiological-and-sociocultural-concepts-of-motivation-and-attitudes/v/biological-and-sociocultural-factors-food-sex-and-drugs

Biological factors in emotional reactivity:. How do biological factors influence emotional reactivity? ... Motivation and emotion/Book/2017/Biological factors in emotional reactivity. From Wikiversity ... Biological predispositions are not set in stone. Hopefully, understanding the biological processes underlying emotional ... This chapter explores the biological causes and correlates of emotional reactivity, and their implications. Biological theories ...

https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Motivation_and_emotion/Book/2017/Biological_factors_in_emotional_reactivity

... presents Biological & Environmental Factors that Impact Multilingualism - Wednesday, March 29, 2017 at Genentech Hall, Byers ... Biological & Environmental Factors that Impact Multilingualism. by Fumiko Hoeft (UCSF), Roeland Hancock (UCSF), and Jason Zevin ... Biological & Environmental Factors that Impact Multilingualism at Genentech Hall, Byers Auditorium, UCSF Mission Bay 600 16th ... At the exogenous level, we will discuss variability in language exposure and environmental factors (e.g. socioeconomic status [ ...

https://www.eventbrite.com/e/biological-environmental-factors-that-impact-multilingualism-tickets-29225874377?aff=estw

"Biological Factors" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Biological Factors" was a major or minor topic ... Biological factors are a variety of extracellular substances that are not otherwise classified under ENZYMES; HORMONES or ... "Biological Factors" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Biological Factors" by people in Profiles. ...

https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/Concept/Biological%20Factors

This article reviews (i) existing knowledge on biological stability controlling factors and (ii) how these factors are affected ... In addition, (iii) the concept of biological stability is discussed in light of experience with well-established and new ... Bacterial growth and interactions are regulated by factors, such as (i) type and concentration of available organic and ... Bacterial growth and interactions are regulated by factors such as (i) type and concentration of available organic and ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00045/full

Neuronal factors determining high intelligence. Ursula Dicke, Gerhard Roth. Published 23 November 2015.DOI: 10.1098/rstb. ... Thus, other factors have to be considered.. The cerebral cortex is considered the seat of intelligence and mind in mammals. ... Neuronal factors determining high intelligence Message Subject (Your Name) has sent you a message from Philosophical ... k is a proportionality factor for the different vertebrate taxa, and α is the allometric (or scaling) exponent, which indicates ...

http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/371/1685/20150180?rss=1&ssource=mfr

Metacommunity studies using the deconstruction approach based on biological traits have received a great deal of attention in ... Heino J, Mendoza G (2016) Predictability of stream insect distributions is dependent on niche position, but not on biological ... Kiss A (2007) Factors affecting spatial and temporal distribution of Ostracoda assemblages in different macrophyte habitats of ... Environmental factors (species sorting mechanism) seem important in structuring the entire ostracods metacommunity, as well as ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00027-018-0567-2

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a tyrosine kinase receptor of the ErbB family, and the biological receptor of EGF and ... Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Protein: A Biological Marker for Oral Precancer and Cancer. Ashish Mahendra,1 Balasundari ... J. R. Grandis and D. J. Tweardy, "Elevated levels of transforming growth factor α and epidermal growth factor receptor ... J. Mendelsohn and J. Baselga, "Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Targeting in Cancer," Seminars in Oncology, vol. 33, no. 4, pp ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jds/2014/158709/

This symposium offered a forum for scientists, social scientists, and humanists to explore how the cultural and biological ... and others explore the nature of responses to stress and trauma and factors that result in either long-term trauma responses or ... Resilience: Exploring Biological and Cultural Factors. Resilience is an expression of human culture and individual minds/brains ... This symposium offered a forum for scientists, social scientists, and humanists to explore how the cultural and biological ...

https://www.hampshire.edu/cbd/resilience-exploring-biological-and-cultural-factors

The Interaction of Sociological and Biological Factors in Adolescent Cigarette Smoking. Citation. Bauman, Karl E.; Foshee, ... This article considers the interaction of social and biological factors in the context of adolescent cigarette smoking. Parent ... The findings support the interaction model, suggesting that both sociological and biological factors are necessary for ... The Interaction of Sociological and Biological Factors in Adolescent Cigarette Smoking. Addictive Behaviors, 17(5), 459-67. ...

https://www.cpc.unc.edu/resources/publications/bib/244/

What is Biological factors? Meaning of Biological factors as a finance term. What does Biological factors mean in finance? ... Definition of Biological factors in the Financial Dictionary - by Free online English dictionary and encyclopedia. ... factor. (redirected from Biological factors). Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Medical, Legal, Encyclopedia. Factor. A ... Biological factors financial definition of Biological factors https://financial-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Biological+ ...

https://financial-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Biological+factors

... and hydrodynamic factors on their flocculation and PSD. The considered biological factor consists of three extracellular ... Flocculation and particle size analysis of expansive clay sediments affected by biological, chemical, and hydrodynamic factors ... Moody LF (1944) Friction factors for pipe flow. Transactions of the ASME 66:671-684Google Scholar ... and the hydrodynamic factor is the types of flow indicated by the Reynolds number and shear rate. The intrinsic PSD of both ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10236-013-0664-7

Biological Predictive Factors of Response to ESA in Low Risk MDS Patients. The safety and scientific validity of this study is ... Biological Predictive Factors of Response to Erythropoiesis Stimulating Agent (ESA) in Low Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS ... plan to give a 12-week treatment of Epoetin alfa or zeta in low risk MDS patients and measure different biological factors to ... screening by molecular biology of predictive factors of response to ESA,. *Iron homeostasis will be measured via hepcidin, GDF- ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show?term=Retacrit&rank=3

Factors Influencing the Reliability of Enhanced Biological P. Factors Influencing the Reliability of Enhanced Biological ... Title: Factors Influencing the Reliability of Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal. PROJECT NUMBER:. 01-CTS-3. ... Enhanced Biological Phosphorous Removal (EBPR) is capable of achieving soluble phosphate concentrations under 0.1 mg/L. However ... factors influencing EBPR performance, and the relationship between EBPR and the presence of glycogen accumulating organisms. ...

https://www.werf.org/a/ka/Search/ResearchProfile.aspx?ReportId=01-CTS-3

Although conventional safety factors are rarely measurable, an alternative, truncation safety factor (the ratio of mean ... Selection for Increased Safety Factors of Biological Structures as Environmental Unpredictability Increases ... Selection for Increased Safety Factors of Biological Structures as Environmental Unpredictability Increases ... Selection for Increased Safety Factors of Biological Structures as Environmental Unpredictability Increases ...

http://science.sciencemag.org/content/228/4702/1009

Effects of Biological and Social Factors on the Cognitive Development of Very Low Birth Weight Children. Nynke Weisglas-Kuperus ... Effects of Biological and Social Factors on the Cognitive Development of Very Low Birth Weight Children ... Effects of Biological and Social Factors on the Cognitive Development of Very Low Birth Weight Children ... Effects of Biological and Social Factors on the Cognitive Development of Very Low Birth Weight Children ...

https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/92/5/658?ijkey=16b17000fa7b021b1ec9dce49e53e37be0756c95&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

Molecular characterization and identification of biological risk factors in mantle cell lymphoma. ... we are planning to extend our focus of research to the basic molecular risk factors in MCL. This research network is structured ...

https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/QLG1-CT-2000-00687

Researchers Find Biological Factors that May Drive Prostate Tumor Aggressiveness in African-American Men. ... Understanding the biological differences that play a role in the development and progression of cancer among racial and ethnic ... The results of this study suggest that biological differences may, in part, underlie the disparity in prostate cancer survival ... "The immune-related differences in the gene profiles could also be pointing to predisposing factors for tumor progression and ...

https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/researchers-find-biological-factors-may-drive-prostate-tumor-aggressiveness-african-american-men

The sigma factor sigma s affects antibiotic production and biological control activity of Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5. A ... The sigma factor sigma s affects antibiotic production and biological control activity of Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5 ... The sigma factor sigma s affects antibiotic production and biological control activity of Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5 ... The sigma factor sigma s affects antibiotic production and biological control activity of Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5 ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/92/26/12255?ijkey=cef4b91d97be2c6d05a94d86faf236b2ed7aad18&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

Insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins: biological actions. (nih.gov)
Phytochromeinteracting factors (PIFs) belonging to Arabidopsis basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) subgroup 15 are key interacting proteins that play negative roles in light responses. (nih.gov)
In the current paper, the team demonstrated that variants associated with disease risk can affect such biological activities as gene expression and the function of proteins in cellular house-keeping machinery. (medicalxpress.com)
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules is an established international journal of research into chemical and biological aspects of all natural macromolecules.It presents the latest findings of studies on the molecular structure and properties of proteins, macromolecular carbohydrates, glycoproteins, proteoglycans, lignins, biological poly-acids, and nucleic acids. (bellbajao.org)
Biological activity of paramyxovirus fusion proteins: factors influencing formation of syncytia. (asm.org)
The tumor DNA content, p53 protein expression, proliferating cell nuclear antigen labeling index, and argyrophilic proteins of nuclear organizer regions were used as markers of biological malignancy. (aacrjournals.org)
Transcription factors (TFs) are central proteins for transcriptional regulation, and interactions between TFs and their DNA targets (TFBSs) are important for downstream genes' expression. (biomedcentral.com)
Transcription factors (TFs) are important functional proteins, which play central roles in transcriptional regulation by interacting with specific DNA targets. (biomedcentral.com)

An analysis that takes into account biological sex differences provides a richer and more plausible account of occupational distributions than one that assumes that no such differences exist. (ssrn.com)
Using hormone analysis to examine participants' circadian rhythms, researchers will evaluate the biological differences that people undergo during the sleep process. (clinicaltrials.gov)
The results of this study suggest that biological differences may, in part, underlie the disparity in prostate cancer survival rates observed between African-Americans and European-Americans. (nih.gov)
Understanding the biological differences that play a role in the development and progression of cancer among racial and ethnic groups may aid in the development of therapies tailored to these differences. (nih.gov)
The aim of this study was to investigate whether there were any morphological and cell biological differences between DCIS detected during the pre-screening (n = 39) as opposed to the screening period (n = 120). (lu.se)
We could not demonstrate any statistically significant differences between the pre-screening and the screening period with regard to nuclear grade, presence of necrosis, the Van Nuys classification system, growth pattern, or cell biological factors (estrogen and progesterone receptors, c-erbB-2, p53, DNA ploidy status, Ki67, and Auer classes). (lu.se)
Potential factors explaining differences in prescription practice are experience and perception of the evidence on the individual level and the structure of the department and participation in clinical trials on the organizational level. (biomedcentral.com)
Lastly, examining the interplay of multiple environmental, behavioral, and biological determinants will allow us to explore potential cumulative and/or interactive effects that underlie differences in aging phenotypes. (ki-su-arc.se)

Endogenously-synthesized compounds that may influence biological phenomena or represent quantifiable biomarkers. (harvard.edu)
Primary outcome criteria were clinical depression ratings (HAM-D scale), vital signs, classical cardiovascular risk factors and inflammatory biomarkers which were compared between MDD patients and healthy controls. (uni-muenchen.de)
To investigate our hypothesis, we focused on identifying biological vulnerability factors, i.e. biomarkers, for development of these conditions. (uu.nl)

The proliferation and differentiation of cancer in the body are usually controlled by growth factors and their receptors on cancer cell surface. (hindawi.com)
Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) and their receptors (VEGFR) have been implicated to play important roles in tumor-associated angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, and hence in tumor growth and metastasis. (aacrjournals.org)

In humans, a biological factor can take the form of a physical, physiological, neurological, chemical or genetic condition and impacts the way an individual thinks or acts. (reference.com)
It is unknown whether there is a biological or genetic basis for the amount of sleep a person needs. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Results from this study may help researchers understand whether sleep duration and sleep needs differ among people because of biological and genetic variations. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Now, the team is refining their methods to identify those genetic risk factors that have been overlooked by ignoring the biological context of their effects on common diseases. (medicalxpress.com)
It is easy to limit or to suppress the effects of some of them (genetic or nutritional factors). (osti.gov)
Several studies have suggested genetic, epigenetic, environmental, and infectious agents as interacting factors influencing the risk for the development of these disorders. (frontiersin.org)
Transcription factor (TF), protein that controls the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA, networks are important in cell fate decision in mammalian development and adult tissue homeostasis but are riddled with mutations in diseases. (ca.gov)

This factor, termed thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), is a protein of 140 amino acids. (rupress.org)
The expressed protein, termed thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), shares an overlapping but distinct biological profile with IL-7, and utilizes components of the IL-7 receptor system (see Park et al. (rupress.org)
C-reactive protein, an immune marker that signals inflammation in the body, was found in the blood of study participants who displayed symptoms of depression and risk factors of heart disease, such as obesity and metabolic syndrome. (rice.edu)
Glycation is the non-enzymatic glycosylation of sugar moieties to biological macromolecules such as protein and DNA which produces reactive metabolites known as advanced glycation end products (AGE's). (medicalxpress.com)
A series of the synthetic protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors known as tyrphostins were studied for their effect on insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin-stimulated cellular proliferation on NIH-3T3 fibroblasts overexpressing either receptor, as well as for their ability to inhibit ligand-stimulated receptor autophosphorylation and tyrosine kinase activity toward exogenous substrates. (nih.gov)
Recombinant human epidermal growth factor precursor is a glycosylated membrane protein with biological activity. (asm.org)
LEF1 and TCF are members of the high mobility group (HMG) DNA binding protein family of transcription factors which consists of the following: Lymphoid enhancer factor 1 (LEF1), T Cell Factor 1 (TCF1), TCF3 and TCF4 (1). (biomol.com)
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a protein tyrosine kinase expressed on many types of tumor cells, including breast, ovarian, bladder, head and neck, and prostatic carcinoma. (aacrjournals.org)

Anti-splicing factor 3b subunit 6 Antibody Products from Sino Biological, Inc. (biocompare.com)
Finally, a rat antagonist antibody to Flt-4, AFL-4, has been shown to suppress growth of tumor xenografts via disruption of the microvasculature ( 24 ), and to reduce induction of lymphangiogenesis induced by fibroblast growth factor 2 in a mouse corneal model ( 25 ). (aacrjournals.org)
Taken together, these results would be useful as basic data for the development of antiangiogenic-factor antibody facilitating diagnosis and therapy of RCC and bladder cancer. (nii.ac.jp)
Biological efficacy of a chimeric antibody to the epidermal growth factor receptor in a human tumor xenograft model. (aacrjournals.org)

and physiological factors, such as irregularities in the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which helps living organisms adapt to different types of stress. (reference.com)

At the exogenous level, we will discuss variability in language exposure and environmental factors (e.g. socioeconomic status [SES], environmental exposures). (eventbrite.com)

The dependency of compound biological effectiveness factors on the type and the concentration of administered neutron capture agents in boron neutron capture therapy. (sigmaaldrich.com)
To examine the effect of the type and the concentration of neutron capture agents on the values of compound biological effectiveness (CBE) in boron neutron capture therapy. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a tyrosine kinase receptor of the ErbB family, and the biological receptor of EGF and TGF- α are expressed or highly expressed in a variety of solid tumors, including oral cancers. (hindawi.com)
The 80% DCR and 8-month PFS could justify a prospective study in NETs with intermediate biological characteristics, especially with pancreatic primary tumors. (nih.gov)
Activating the biological clock in tumors could become an innovative approach in slowing their growth or that of metastases", Cermakian said. (cancertutor.com)
The biological features of patients' tumors partially explained a racial disparity for women with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer, but UNC Lineberger researchers led by Katherine Reeder-Hayes, MD, MBA, MSc, said it didn't explain it completely. (unclineberger.org)
The biological features of patients' tumors partially explained this difference, but the researchers said it didn't explain it completely. (unclineberger.org)
Salivary gland tumors show a wide spectrum of histological features with varied biological behavior. (nii.ac.jp)

Proceedings of the Royal Society: Biological Sciences , 270 (1517): 819-26. (scienceofvirtues.org)

Our biological clock drives circadian rhythms - physical, mental, and behavioral changes that follow a roughly 24-hour cycle. (cancertutor.com)
The study of circadian rhythms is called chronobiology - and now there is science behind the theory that targeting the biological clock could slow the progression of cancer. (cancertutor.com)

We are also at the forefront of creating interdisciplinary training programs that integrate approaches from the social and biological sciences, building research capacity and training the next generation of scholars. (unc.edu)
The discovery of shared biological properties among independent variants of DNA sequences offers the opportunity to broaden understanding of the biological basis of disease and identify new therapeutic targets, according to a collaboration between the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, the University of Arizona Health Sciences, and Vanderbilt University. (medicalxpress.com)
International Journal of Biological Sciences Impact Factor, IF, number of article, detailed information and journal factor. (bellbajao.org)
Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. (royalsocietypublishing.org)
Message Body (Your Name) thought you would like to see the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences web site. (royalsocietypublishing.org)

So there are various biological and psychosocial factors that can initiate a substance abuse in an individual. (khanacademy.org)
The relationship between biological and psychosocial risk factors and " by Ted K. Turesky, Sarah K.G. Jensen et al. (unl.edu)
However, poverty does not alter brain development directly, but acts through associated biological or psychosocial risk factors (e.g. malnutrition, family conflict). (unl.edu)
Yet few studies have investigated risk factors in the context of infant neurodevelopment, and none have done so in low‐resource settings such as Bangladesh, where children are exposed to multiple, severe biological and psychosocial hazards. (unl.edu)
Biological and psychosocial risk factors were examined for associations with iFC. (unl.edu)

It is found at abnormally high levels on the surface of many types of cancer cells, so these cells may divide excessively in the presence of epidermal growth factor. (hindawi.com)
inhibition of canine gastric acid secretion) of both human and mouse epidermal growth factor-urogastrone (EGF-URO) and of derivatives of these 53 amino acid polypeptides lacking up to six of the C-terminal amino acid residues. (aspetjournals.org)

To investigate the effects of biological and social factors on the cognitive development of very low birth weight children, a longitudinal follow-up study was conducted from birth to 3.6 years of age. (aappublications.org)
Yet little is known about how market demand influences natural resources in particular contexts, or the mediating effects of biological or institutional factors. (ucsd.edu)

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a multifunctional growth factor with potent wound-healing properties that functions in the healing of chronic injuries. (diva-portal.org)
We previously produced a number of fully human antibodies directed against VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and VEGF receptor 3 (VEGFR3) and showed that these antibodies are capable of inhibiting growth factor (VEGF and VEGF-C)-induced receptor activation, migration, and proliferation of human endothelial cells. (aacrjournals.org)
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a strong inducer of vascular permeability, stimulator of endothelial cell migration and proliferation, and is an important survival factor for newly formed blood vessels ( 1 -3 ). (aacrjournals.org)
Myostatin is a member of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily of secreted growth and differentiation factors that is essential for proper regulation of skeletal muscle mass. (biomol.com)
Prior studies have shown that direct injection of extraocular muscles (EOMs) with insulin growth factor or fibroblast growth factor results in significant increases in the generation of EOM force. (arvojournals.org)
Injections of either insulin growth factor 4 6 7 or fibroblast growth factor (McLoon LK, et al. (arvojournals.org)
Heparin-II Domain of Fibronectin Is a Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Binding Domain. (ahajournals.org)

These results indicate that a sigma factor encoded by rpoS influences antibiotic production, biological control activity, and survival of P. fluorescens on plant surfaces. (pnas.org)
For patients with non-small cell lung cancer the tumour/node/metastasis (TNM) staging system and other conventional prognostic factors fail to predict the outcome of treatment and survival accurately. (ersjournals.com)
Survival estimates that account for age, condition of young, ecological conditions, and other factors are important for parameterization of realistic population models. (usgs.gov)
Yes, there is biological heterogeneity in hormone positive, HER2-receptor negative disease, and yes, that seems to explain part of the gap in recurrence free-survival, but no, it doesn't explain all of it, which sends us down several other investigative paths to see what other factors contribute," Reeder-Hayes said. (unclineberger.org)

A new definition and methodological approach for biological stability is proposed. (frontiersin.org)

My lab has published many articles in various journals such as JMB, Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, International journal of biological macromolecules. (bellbajao.org)
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules is an established international journal of research into chemical and biological aspects of all natural macromolecules. (bellbajao.org)
The impact factor (IF) 2018 of Journal of Biological Macromolecules is 0.33, which is computed in 2019 as per it's definition.Journal of Biological Macromolecules IF is increased by a factor of 0 and approximate percentage change is 0% when compared to preceding year 2017, which shows a rising trend. (bellbajao.org)

The reduced biological potencies of the shortened derivatives (EGF-URO 1-47) in fibroblasts are paralleled by reduced fibroblast receptor affinities, compared with the intact peptides. (aspetjournals.org)

Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment is usually done with non-biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), but the addition of a biological DMARD can be necessary. (bmj.com)
Objectives To determine the time Colombian patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are treated with non-biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) before changing to biological therapy. (bmj.com)
The introduction of biological drugs involved a fundamental change in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). (biomedcentral.com)

HOUSTON - (May 10, 2017) - Biology, rather than personal behavior, may be responsible for the link between depression and risk factors for heart disease, according to a new study from Rice University. (rice.edu)
Higher risk of recurrence for black women with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer compared with white women cannot be completely explained by underlying biological factors, University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center researchers reported at the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium on Thursday, Dec. 7. (unclineberger.org)

In the special case of science and engineering, there are issues of intrinsic aptitude, and particularly of the variability of aptitude, and that those considerations are reinforced by what are in fact lesser factors involving socialization and continuing discrimination. (scienceblogs.com)
The report includes detailed analysis of routine water quality and operating data, field testing observations, and special studies conducted over the course of the project to evaluate the variability of EBPR, factors influencing EBPR performance, and the relationship between EBPR and the presence of glycogen accumulating organisms. (werf.org)
For intertidal limpet shells subject to prying forces, truncation safety factor was found to increase with increased variability in shell strength, thus providing direct support for the theory. (sciencemag.org)

This article considers the interaction of social and biological factors in the context of adolescent cigarette smoking. (unc.edu)
Since 1966, researchers at the Carolina Population Center have pioneered data collection and research techniques that move population science forward by emphasizing life course approaches, longitudinal surveys, the integration of biological measurement into social surveys, and attention to context and environment. (unc.edu)
It is substantiated that the realization of the purpose to exist is the result of evolution (that is, the secondary factor), is the main characteristic of all living organisms (can be considered as the primary factor in the context of the living), that is, distinguishes the living from the nonliving. (vixra.org)

1983). Biological factors in learning. (wikipedia.org)

Biological and immunological properties of recombinant human, rat, and chicken nerve growth factors : a comparative study. (diva-portal.org)
Biological and immunological properties of recombinant human, rat, and chicken nerve growth factors (NGFs) were studied and compared. (diva-portal.org)

Biological and Psychological Factors in Sexual Arousal I. Sociology is the study of how people relate to one another. (coursehero.com)

Since cancer cells exhibit increased ribosomal activity and since TTF1 is closely associated with ribosomal activity, TTF1 may have clinical or biological importance in cancer. (spandidos-publications.com)
A constellation of various factors and their interaction influenced rheumatologists' prescribing decisions, including the individual rheumatologist's experiences and perceptions of the evidence, the structure of the department including responsibility for costs, peer pressure, political and administrative influences, and participation in clinical trials. (biomedcentral.com)

Methods A retrospective cohort study that collected information about the start of antirheumatic treatment in patients of all ages with a diagnosis of RA until the change to biological DMARD therapy. (bmj.com)

Biological factors are considered the primary determinants of the way a human behaves and may play a significant role in the development of mental illnesses. (reference.com)
Blood group antigen expression, ras oncogenes, microvessel density, and factors reflecting the proliferative state of the tumour may be important determinants of outcome of treatment. (ersjournals.com)

As defined by the Psychology Dictionary, a biological factor is that which affects the behavior and function of an organism and includes any condition that has a psychological effect on a living being. (reference.com)
Although a person isn't defined by biological factors, these conditions can have a major impact on his or her behavior. (reference.com)
Because biological factors can play such a large part in human behavior, doctors, scientists and other specialists often study them when trying to understand human health. (reference.com)
As the author of the book, "Pleased to Meet Me: Genes, Germs, and the Curious Forces That Make Us Who We Are," I have done extensive research into the biological forces that conspire to shape human personality and behavior, including the factors influencing sexual attraction. (theconversation.com)
A third study of 1,200 women will explore how variables such as behavior, economic conditions, and barriers to health care, as well as biological factors (including infection with the sexually transmitted human papillomavirus, which may be a precursor to cervical cancer) may interact to contribute to cervical abnormalities. (thefreedictionary.com)
These results show that the direction and magnitude of the effects of market demand on biological populations and human behavior can depend on both biological attributes and institutional constraints. (ucsd.edu)
An implication of the present study is that in addition to scientific knowledge, attempts to influence prescription behavior need to be multifactorial and account for interactions of factors between different actors. (biomedcentral.com)

We evaluated the effect of NEP inhibition with SCH 39370 on the inactivation of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) and on cardiovascular function in rats. (aspetjournals.org)

The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and type of professional biological risk factors, to evaluate the use of personal protective devices, application of immunoprophylaxis to health care workers in the surgical departments. (mdpi.com)
Based on this established European infrastructure, we are planning to extend our focus of research to the basic molecular risk factors in MCL. (europa.eu)
The study examines how depression is linked to a higher incidence of obesity and metabolic syndrome , both of which are risk factors for heart disease. (rice.edu)
Blood tests of individuals with depression and heart disease risk factors showed the presence of an immune marker associated with increased inflammation in the body. (rice.edu)
The researchers hypothesized two possible reasons that depression may be linked to health conditions that are risk factors for heart disease. (rice.edu)
We thought that individuals who are depressed might be more likely to engage in unhealthy behaviors such as drinking alcohol, smoking and not exercising, which can lead to risk factors for heart disease," Chirinos said. (rice.edu)
Precise detection of cardiovascular risks in MDD beyond classical risk factors is warranted to allow effective prophylaxis and treatment of both conditions. (uni-muenchen.de)

The fact that men outnumber women in the highest echelons of mathematics (as in science, technology and engineering) has always been controversial, particularly for the persistent notion that this disparity is down to an innate biological advantage. (scienceblogs.com)
We think that the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway promotes prostate cancer and that increased AGE accumulation may represent a biological mechanism promoting prostate cancer disparity," said Turner. (medicalxpress.com)
Our research has identified a potential mechanistic link between carbohydrate derived metabolites and cancer associated pathways which may provide a biological consequence of the socioeconomic and environmental factors that are known to drive cancer health disparity. (medicalxpress.com)
Low income, obesity and an inactive/sedentary lifestyle are established factors driving cancer health disparity. (medicalxpress.com)
The researchers wanted to know if additional biological features not usually measured in the clinic could help explain the disparity. (unclineberger.org)

A correlation between these biological parameters and clinicopathological factors was sought. (aacrjournals.org)

2014 Impact Factor : Completing the CAPTCHA proves you are a human and gives you temporary access to the web property. (bellbajao.org)
5.162 Impact Factor. (bellbajao.org)
Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate Analytics, 2020) 5-Year Impact Factor: 5.137 ℹ Five-Year Impact Factor: 2019: 5.137 62. (bellbajao.org)
Impact Factor: 5.162 ℹ Impact Factor: 2019: 5.162 The Impact Factor measures the average number of citations received in a particular year by papers published in the journal during the two preceding years. (bellbajao.org)
Macromolecular Research publishes original researches on all aspects of polymer science, engineering, and technology as well as new emerging technologies using polymeric materials including nanotechnology, biotechnology, and information technology in forms of Articles, Communications, … With a 2019 Journal Impact Factor of 3.416 (Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate Analytics, 2020)), it is currently ranked among the top biomaterials and polymer journals. (bellbajao.org)
Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate Analytics, 2020) 5-Year Impact Factor: 5.137 ℹ Five-Year Impact Factor: 2019: 5.137 You may need to download version 2.0 now from the Chrome Web Store. (bellbajao.org)

Conclusions After 5 years of non-biological DMARD therapy, 6.0% of people with RA started biological DMARDs. (bmj.com)

Environmental factors (species sorting mechanism) seem important in structuring the entire ostracods metacommunity, as well as for most categories of biological traits. (springer.com)
From this, they predicted 3,870 SNP pairs with a similar biological mechanism. (medicalxpress.com)

In addition, (iii) the concept of biological stability is discussed in light of experience with well-established and new analytical methods, enabling high throughput analysis and in-depth characterization of bacterial communities in drinking water. (frontiersin.org)

As opposed to environmental factors, which exist outside of the organism in question, biological factors are all entirely internal. (reference.com)
Environmental factors, such as trauma and stress, may contribute to the development of mental health issues, but biological factors often form the foundation. (reference.com)
Bacterial growth and interactions are regulated by factors, such as (i) type and concentration of available organic and inorganic nutrients, (ii) type and concentration of residual disinfectant, (iii) presence of predators, such as protozoa and invertebrates, (iv) environmental conditions, such as water temperature, and (v) spatial location of microorganisms (bulk water, sediment, or biofilm). (frontiersin.org)
Here, we investigate the influence of environmental and spatial factors on the metacommunity structure of periphytic ostracods in 27 tropical floodplain lakes in the Upper Paraná River floodplain (Brazil). (springer.com)
An analysis of variance partitioning was used to estimate the relative importance of these factors (environmental and spatial) on both the entire community as well as after its deconstruction according to the biological traits (size and locomotion mode). (springer.com)
This digital teacher's manual and student guide is intended for use with the Carolina Investigations® for AP® Environmental Science: Quality of Natural Waters: Biological Factors Kit (item #180600). (carolina.com)
We have identified a potential relationship between sugar-derived metabolites and cancer that may provide a biological link with socioeconomic and environmental factors known to contribute to prostate cancer disparities. (medicalxpress.com)
Apart from their production during normal metabolism, AGE's are also formed through the ingestion of food and by external environmental factors such as lack of exercise. (medicalxpress.com)

There are hundreds of different biological factors influencing the way an individual behaves. (reference.com)
This indicates that symptoms of PTSD, depression and fatigue have different biological mechanisms. (uu.nl)

In this study, we developed an in vitro wound assay that used a mouse skin epithelial cell line to evaluate the biological activity of HGF. (diva-portal.org)

Based on our observations, we propose that the biological roles of PIFs stem from their shared and distinct DNA binding targets and specific gene expression patterns. (nih.gov)
A gene necessary for pyrrolnitrin production by Pf-5 was identified as rpoS, which encodes the stationary-phase sigma factor sigma s. (pnas.org)
Using data sets from the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) - a project designed to discover the bits of DNA that have a biological function related to a gene - the team validated that the biological mechanisms of disease shared within the prioritized SNP pairs are frequently governed by matching transcription factor binding sites and interactions of segments of chromatin that are seemingly far apart and not related. (medicalxpress.com)
The Caenorhabditis elegans run gene encodes a Runt domain factor. (asm.org)
Identifying NMs defined by specific transcription factors (TF) establishes the framework structure of a TRN and allows the inference of TF-target gene relationship. (biomedcentral.com)

More than half (51.4%) of the respondents experienced sharps injuries, 62.1% were exposed to biological fluids, and 39.6% of the workers experienced both injury and exposure. (mdpi.com)
Exposure of healthy skin and eyes to biological fluids occurred in 63% and 20% of the cases, respectively. (mdpi.com)
More than half of the respondents experienced sharps injury or exposure to biological fluids during the study period. (mdpi.com)
Physicians and nurses experience sharps injury and exposure to biological fluids more commonly as compared to supporting staff. (mdpi.com)
Money and Ehrhardt's biosocial theory suggest that social labelling and different treatment of boys and girls interact with biological factors (such as prenatal exposure to testosterone) to steer development. (majortests.com)
Collectively, our results suggest that the biological profile prior to exposure to severe stress or trauma predicts the subsequent development of mental and physical health problems. (uu.nl)
We convincingly showed that performing prospective, longitudinal studies in groups at risk for stress- and trauma exposure is a promising and fruitful approach to identify biological vulnerability factors for development of stress-related conditions. (uu.nl)
If optimal cut-offs for our vulnerability factors can be identified, in the future vulnerable individuals may be identified via screening prior to stress- and trauma-exposure. (uu.nl)

New prognostic factors are urgently needed to improve understanding of the biological behaviour of the different subtypes of non-small cell lung cancer and to recognize patients with a good or poor prognosis. (ersjournals.com)
Assessment of the biological malignancy of hepatocellular carcinoma: relationship to clinicopathological factors and prognosis. (aacrjournals.org)

Researchers have uncovered a potential biological factor that may contribute to disparities in prostate cancer incidence and mortality between African-American and non-Hispanic white men in the United States, according to results presented here at the Sixth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved, held Dec. 6-9. (medicalxpress.com)

This guide explains how to carry out an evaluation of biological hazards at the workplace. (ilo.org)

4. Circulating Lymphocyte Inhibitors in Liver Diseases and Uremia: Concept of Humoral Immunoregulation and Technical Factors in Inhibitor Assays. (routledge.com)
SCH 39370, a neutral metalloendopeptidase inhibitor, potentiates biological responses to atrial natriuretic factor and lowers blood pressure in desoxycorticosterone acetate-sodium hypertensive rats. (aspetjournals.org)

Phytochrome-interacting factors have both shared and distinct biological roles. (nih.gov)

The term is very broad and covers any biological condition that affects an organism's physiology. (reference.com)
However, evidence shows that an organism's ability to efficiently store fat and therefore increase the risk of obesity is an inherited factor. (reference.com)

Neuroscientists, anthropologists, biologists, philosophers, and others explore the nature of responses to stress and trauma and factors that result in either long-term trauma responses or protection in the form of resilience. (hampshire.edu)
This symposium offered a forum for scientists, social scientists, and humanists to explore how the cultural and biological environments influence and inspire group and individual responses to life events. (hampshire.edu)

The second possible reason hypothesized by the researchers was biological. (rice.edu)
The researchers could not have possibly control all aspects of the behaviours of that many men at once over 8 years, so other factors could have contributed in the factors of CHD. (getrevising.co.uk)

The biological and ecological factors liable to induce a change in the radio-sensitivity of a species are undoubtedly responsible for the large fluctuations observed during radio-biological experiments. (osti.gov)
Influence des facteurs biologiques et ecologiques sur la radiosensibilite des animaux de laboratoire} author = {Guenet, J L, and Legeay, G} abstractNote = {The biological and ecological factors liable to induce a change in the radio-sensitivity of a species are undoubtedly responsible for the large fluctuations observed during radio-biological experiments. (osti.gov)
The study, published in Cell Reports on March 10, demonstrates that the evolutionary variation of biological parameters may induce the development of distinct functional circuits in the visual cortex, even without species -specific developmental mechanisms. (phys.org)

Children (N=434) with nonsyndromic mental retardation were analysed for frequency of prenatal, perinatal and infantile biological disturbances. (ed.gov)

The procedures of hazard evaluation are described and examples of assessments at selected workplaces are included, together with the list of hazardous biological factors (sources, occurrence, modes of transmission and possible effects on human health) and Polish regulatory texts. (ilo.org)
A clearer understanding of the link between biological factors and human health may lead to better and more successful treatment of both physical and mental health issues. (reference.com)
Health care workers are attributed to the group at highest risk of biological factors, as they are daily exposed to fluids of the human body. (mdpi.com)
Gila-Diaz A, Arribas SM, Algara A, Martín-Cabrejas MA, López de Pablo ÁL, Sáenz de Pipaón M, Ramiro-Cortijo D. A Review of Bioactive Factors in Human Breastmilk: A Focus on Prematurity. (harvard.edu)
We conclude that the persistent high prevalence of nosocomial infections despite known hygienic practices is attributable to two categories of factors: biological and inherent shortcomings of some practices (considered in Part 1), and human factors (considered in Part 2). (scirp.org)

Perhaps more commonly, biological factors come up in studies on mental illness. (reference.com)

Since transcription factors interact physically with their DNA targets, it is reasonable to depict binding preference between TFs and TFBSs through conformational and physicochemical information. (biomedcentral.com)

These targets are named as transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs), which are short DNA fragments mainly located in promoter regions of genes. (biomedcentral.com)
Because transcription factor binding sites are functional elements. (biomedcentral.com)

However, it remained unknown whether these patterns reflect disparate developmental mechanisms across mammalian taxa, or simply originate from variations in biological parameters under a universal development process. (phys.org)

Water treatment and distribution conditions in water mains and premise plumbing affect each of these factors and shape bacterial community characteristics (abundance, composition, viability) in distribution systems. (frontiersin.org)
Metacommunity studies using the deconstruction approach based on biological traits have received a great deal of attention in recent years as they often better describe characteristics of the species that reflect adaptations to a specific environment. (springer.com)
Following a conceptual framework that presents how household and farm characteristics mediate the interplay between underlying and proximate causes of land use change, the effect of the mediating factors is determined by applying an ordered probit model to household and land use data for 2000 and 2009 from 217 former and present coffee farmers. (ku.dk)
The essential physical factors of experimental repetition are analyzed according to the characteristics of transient electromagnetic biological effects. (cnki.com.cn)

Other stationary-phase-specific phenotypes of Pf-5, such as the production of cyanide and extracellular protease(s) were expressed by the RpoS- mutant, suggesting that sigma s is only one of the sigma factors required for the transcription of genes in stationary-phase cells of P. fluorescens. (pnas.org)
1. Biological - Our parents' genes has passed traits on to us on how we motivate ourselves 2. (coursehero.com)

The data demonstrate the importance of the C-terminal sequence for the enhancement of receptor binding and biological activity in fibroblasts. (aspetjournals.org)

The working model for this PhD-thesis was that the development of these stress-related conditions is associated with vulnerability factors present prior to the stressor leading to symptom-onset. (uu.nl)
Moreover, our results indicate that the biological profile may not only determine whether an individual has an increased risk of developing a stress-related condition, but also which specific stress-related condition is most likely to develop. (uu.nl)

The attainment of the LDL-C target seems to be mainly related to pathophysiological factors, whereas patient and physician attitudes can play an important role in other process measures and outcomes. (diabetesjournals.org)

Anatomy11

Organisms11

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs43

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment67

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes78

Disciplines and Occupations18

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture10

Information Science23

Named Groups1

Health Care33

Geographicals1

Charybdotoxin and apamin block EDHF in rat mesenteric artery if selectively applied to the endothelium. (1/1056)

Endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization in resting and depolarized mammary and coronary arteries of guinea-pigs. (2/1056)

Effects of Aspergillus fumigatus culture filtrate on antifungal activity of human phagocytes in vitro. (3/1056)

Inhibition of the production of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor by cannabinoid receptor agonists. (4/1056)

Proinflammatory mediators chronically downregulate the formation of the endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor in arteries via a nitric oxide/cyclic GMP-dependent mechanism. (5/1056)

A cytosolic factor is required for mitochondrial cytochrome c efflux during apoptosis. (6/1056)

Involvement of CB1 cannabinoid receptors in the EDHF-dependent vasorelaxation in rabbits. (7/1056)

Relationship between NaF- and thapsigargin-induced endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization in rat mesenteric artery. (8/1056)

Prognosis

Models, Biological

Ki-67 Antigen

Risk Factors

Tumor Markers, Biological

Breast Neoplasms

Receptors, Progesterone

Sex Factors

Environment

Time Factors

Socioeconomic Factors

Immunohistochemistry

Multivariate Analysis

Survival Analysis

Biological Markers

Seasons

Receptors, Estrogen

Neoplasm Staging

Prospective Studies

Gene Expression Profiling

Age Factors

Predictive Value of Tests

Retrospective Studies

United States

Cohort Studies

Treatment Outcome

Regression Analysis

Analysis of Variance

Logistic Models

European Continental Ancestry Group

Follow-Up Studies

Risk Assessment

Cross-Sectional Studies

Pregnancy

Biological Factors

Prevalence

Biological Products

Biological Assay

Biological Therapy

Biological Warfare

Molecular Sequence Data

Biological Processes

Algorithms

Computational Biology

Amino Acid Sequence

Pest Control, Biological

Structure-Activity Relationship

Software

Signal Transduction

Molecular Structure

Computer Simulation

Cell Line

Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis

Biological Evolution

Proteins

Systems Biology

Models, Molecular

Base Sequence

Protein Binding

Biological Clocks

Gene Regulatory Networks

Biology

Mutation

Databases, Genetic

Cells, Cultured

Relative Biological Effectiveness

Gene Expression Regulation

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid

Cell Line, Tumor

Kinetics

Recombinant Proteins

Cluster Analysis

Mass Spectrometry

Protein Interaction Mapping

Genomics

Phenotype

Binding Sites

RNA, Messenger

Biological Transport

Neoplasms