The continuous developmental process of a culture from simple to complex forms and from homogeneous to heterogeneous qualities.
The process of cumulative change over successive generations through which organisms acquire their distinguishing morphological and physiological characteristics.
Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of systems, processes, or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.
The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.
The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.
The techniques used to produce molecules exhibiting properties that conform to the demands of the experimenter. These techniques combine methods of generating structural changes with methods of selection. They are also used to examine proposed mechanisms of evolution under in vitro selection conditions.
Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Differential and non-random reproduction of different genotypes, operating to alter the gene frequencies within a population.
The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.
Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of genetic processes or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.
The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.
The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.
Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.
A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.
The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.
Changes in biological features that help an organism cope with its ENVIRONMENT. These changes include physiological (ADAPTATION, PHYSIOLOGICAL), phenotypic and genetic changes.
Complex pharmaceutical substances, preparations, or matter derived from organisms usually obtained by biological methods or assay.

The developmental basis for allometry in insects. (1/15569)

Within all species of animals, the size of each organ bears a specific relationship to overall body size. These patterns of organ size relative to total body size are called static allometry and have enchanted biologists for centuries, yet the mechanisms generating these patterns have attracted little experimental study. We review recent and older work on holometabolous insect development that sheds light on these mechanisms. In insects, static allometry can be divided into at least two processes: (1) the autonomous specification of organ identity, perhaps including the approximate size of the organ, and (2) the determination of the final size of organs based on total body size. We present three models to explain the second process: (1) all organs autonomously absorb nutrients and grow at organ-specific rates, (2) a centralized system measures a close correlate of total body size and distributes this information to all organs, and (3) autonomous organ growth is combined with feedback between growing organs to modulate final sizes. We provide evidence supporting models 2 and 3 and also suggest that hormones are the messengers of size information. Advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of allometry will come through the integrated study of whole tissues using techniques from development, genetics, endocrinology and population biology.  (+info)

Novel regulation of the homeotic gene Scr associated with a crustacean leg-to-maxilliped appendage transformation. (2/15569)

Homeotic genes are known to be involved in patterning morphological structures along the antero-posterior axis of insects and vertebrates. Because of their important roles in development, changes in the function and expression patterns of homeotic genes may have played a major role in the evolution of different body plans. For example, it has been proposed that during the evolution of several crustacean lineages, changes in the expression patterns of the homeotic genes Ultrabithorax and abdominal-A have played a role in transformation of the anterior thoracic appendages into mouthparts termed maxillipeds. This homeotic-like transformation is recapitulated at the late stages of the direct embryonic development of the crustacean Porcellio scaber (Oniscidea, Isopoda). Interestingly, this morphological change is associated with apparent novelties both in the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of the Porcellio scaber ortholog of the Drosophila homeotic gene, Sex combs reduced (Scr). Specifically, we find that Scr mRNA is present in the second maxillary segment and the first pair of thoracic legs (T1) in early embryos, whereas protein accumulates only in the second maxillae. In later stages, however, high levels of SCR appear in the T1 legs, which correlates temporally with the transformation of these appendages into maxillipeds. Our observations provide further insight into the process of the homeotic leg-to-maxilliped transformation in the evolution of crustaceans and suggest a novel regulatory mechanism for this process in this group of arthropods.  (+info)

An overview of the evolution of overproduced esterases in the mosquito Culex pipiens. (3/15569)

Insecticide resistance genes have developed in a wide variety of insects in response to heavy chemical application. Few of these examples of adaptation in response to rapid environmental change have been studied both at the population level and at the gene level. One of these is the evolution of the overproduced esterases that are involved in resistance to organophosphate insecticides in the mosquito Culex pipiens. At the gene level, two genetic mechanisms are involved in esterase overproduction, namely gene amplification and gene regulation. At the population level, the co-occurrence of the same amplified allele in distinct geographic areas is best explained by the importance of passive transportation at the worldwide scale. The long-term monitoring of a population of mosquitoes in southern France has enabled a detailed study to be made of the evolution of resistance genes on a local scale, and has shown that a resistance gene with a lower cost has replaced a former resistance allele with a higher cost.  (+info)

The expiry date of man: a synthesis of evolutionary biology and public health. (4/15569)

In industrialised countries, mortality and morbidity are dominated by age related chronic degenerative diseases. The health and health care needs of future populations will be heavily determined by these conditions of old age. Two opposite scenarios of future morbidity exist: morbidity might decrease ("compress"), because life span is limited, and the incidence of disease is postponed. Or morbidity might increase ("expand"), because death is delayed more than disease incidence. Optimality theory in evolutionary biology explains senescence as a by product of an optimised life history. The theory clarifies how senescence is timed by the competing needs for reproduction and survival, and why this leads to a generalised deterioration of many functions at many levels. As death and disease are not independent, future morbidity will depend on duration and severity of the process of senescence, partly determined by health care, palliating the disease severity but increasing the disease duration by postponing death. Even if morbidity might be compressed, health care needs will surely expand.  (+info)

Molecular and evolutionary analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi 297 circular plasmid-encoded lipoproteins with OspE- and OspF-like leader peptides. (5/15569)

We previously described two OspE and three OspF homologs in Borrelia burgdorferi 297 (D. R. Akins, S. F. Porcella, T. G. Popova, D. Shevchenko, S. I. Baker, M. Li, M. V. Norgard, and J. D. Radolf, Mol. Microbiol. 18:507-520, 1995; D. R. Akins, K. W. Bourell, M. J. Caimano, M. V. Norgard, and J. D. Radolf, J. Clin. Investig. 101:2240-2250, 1998). In this study, we characterized four additional lipoproteins with OspE/F-like leader peptides (Elps) and demonstrated that all are encoded on plasmids homologous to cp32 and cp18 from the B31 and N40 strains, respectively. Statistical analysis of sequence similarities using the binary comparison algorithm revealed that the nine lipoproteins from strain 297, as well as the OspE, OspF, and Erp proteins from the N40 and B31 strains, fall into three distinct families. Based upon the observation that these lipoproteins all contain highly conserved leader peptides, we now propose that the ancestors of each of the three families arose from gene fusion events which joined a common N terminus to unrelated proteins. Additionally, further sequence analysis of the strain 297 circular plasmids revealed that rearrangements appear to have played an important role in generating sequence diversity among the members of these three families and that recombinational events in the downstream flanking regions appear to have occurred independently of those within the lipoprotein-encoding genes. The association of hypervariable regions with genes which are differentially expressed and/or subject to immunological pressures suggests that the Lyme disease spirochete has exploited recombinatorial processes to foster its parasitic strategy and enhance its immunoevasiveness.  (+info)

A family of S-methylmethionine-dependent thiol/selenol methyltransferases. Role in selenium tolerance and evolutionary relation. (6/15569)

Several plant species can tolerate high concentrations of selenium in the environment, and they accumulate organoselenium compounds. One of these compounds is Se-methylselenocysteine, synthesized by a number of species from the genus Astragalus (Fabaceae), like A. bisulcatus. An enzyme has been previously isolated from this organism that catalyzes methyl transfer from S-adenosylmethionine to selenocysteine. To elucidate the role of the enzyme in selenium tolerance, the cDNA coding for selenocysteine methyltransferase from A. bisulcatus was cloned and sequenced. Data base searches revealed the existence of several apparent homologs of hitherto unassigned function. The gene for one of them, yagD from Escherichia coli, was cloned, and the protein was overproduced and purified. A functional analysis showed that the YagD protein catalyzes methylation of homocysteine, selenohomocysteine, and selenocysteine with S-adenosylmethionine and S-methylmethionine as methyl group donors. S-Methylmethionine was now shown to be also the physiological methyl group donor for the A. bisulcatus selenocysteine methyltransferase. A model system was set up in E. coli which demonstrated that expression of the plant and, although to a much lesser degree, of the bacterial methyltransferase gene increases selenium tolerance and strongly reduces unspecific selenium incorporation into proteins, provided that S-methylmethionine is present in the medium. It is postulated that the selenocysteine methyltransferase under selective pressure developed from an S-methylmethionine-dependent thiol/selenol methyltransferase.  (+info)

Kodamaea nitidulidarum, Candida restingae and Kodamaea anthophila, three new related yeast species from ephemeral flowers. (7/15569)

Three new yeast species were discovered during studies of yeasts associated with ephemeral flowers in Brazil, Australia and Hawaii. Their physiological and morphological similarity to Kodamaea (Pichia) ohmeri suggested a possible relationship to that species, which was confirmed by rDNA sequencing. Kodamaea nitidulidarum and Candida restingae were found in cactus flowers and associated nitidulid beetles in sand dune ecosystems (restinga) of South-eastern Brazil. Over 350 strains of Kodamaea anthophila were isolated from Hibiscus and morning glory flowers (Ipomoea spp.) in Australia, and from associated nitidulid beetles and Drosophila hibisci. A single isolate came from a beach morning glory in Hawaii. Expansion of the genus Kodamaea to three species modified the existing definition of the genus only slightly. The type and isotype strains are as follows: K. nitidulidarum strains UFMG96-272T (h+; CBS 8491T) and UFMG96-394I (h-; CBS 8492I); Candida restingae UFMG96-276T (CBS 8493T); K. anthophila strains UWO(PS)95-602.1T (h+; CBS 8494T), UWO(PS)91-893.2I (h-; CBS 8495I) and UWO(PS)95-725.1I (h-; CBS 8496I).  (+info)

Reticulate evolution and the origins of ribosomal internal transcribed spacer diversity in apomictic Meloidogyne. (8/15569)

Among root knot nematodes of the genus Meloidogyne, the polyploid obligate mitotic parthenogens M. arenaria, M. javanica, and M. incognita are widespread and common agricultural pests. Although these named forms are distinguishable by closely related mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotypes, detailed sequence analyses of internal transcribed spacers (ITSs) of nuclear ribosomal genes reveal extremely high diversity, even within individual nematodes. This ITS diversity is broadly structured into two very different groups that are 12%-18% divergent: one with low diversity (< 1.0%) and one with high diversity (6%-7%). In both of these groups, identical sequences can be found within individual nematodes of different mtDNA haplotypes (i.e., among species). Analysis of genetic variance indicates that more than 90% of ITS diversity can be found within an individual nematode, with small but statistically significant (5%-10%; P < 0.05) variance distributed among mtDNA lineages. The evolutionarily distinct parthenogen M. hapla shows a similar pattern of ITS diversity, with two divergent groups of ITSs within each individual. In contrast, two diploid amphimictic species have only one lineage of ITSs with low diversity (< 0.2%). The presence of divergent lineages of rDNA in the apomictic taxa is unlikely to be due to differences among pseudogenes. Instead, we suggest that the diversity of ITSs in M. arenaria, M. javanica, and M. incognita is due to hybrid origins from closely related females (as inferred from mtDNA) and combinations of more diverse paternal lineages.  (+info)

Developmental evolution as mechanistic science: The inference from developmental mechanisms to evolutionary processes. Wagner, Gunter P. Developmental Evolution as a Mechanistic Science: The Inference from Developmental Mechanisms to Evolutionary Processes1 SYNOPSIS. Developmental Evolution (DE) contributes to various research programs in biology, such as the assessment of homology and the determination of the genetic architecture underlying species differences. The most distinctive contribution offered by DE to evolutionary biology, however, is the elucidation of the role of developmental mechanisms in the origin of evolutionary innovations. To date, explanations of evolutionary innovations have remained beyond the reach of classical evolutionary genetics, because such explanations require detailed information on the function of genes and the emergent developmental dynamics of their interactions with other genetic factors. We argue that this area has the potential to become the core of DEs ...
20 Questions on Adaptive Dynamics Adaptive dynamics is a tool used of studying phenotypic changes in evolving populations over time1. Adaptive dynamics approach is different from population genetic Fishers model2. Fishers population under natural selection will additively increase its population fitness, where as an adaptive dynamics population of unfit individuals are replace by fitter ones but…
Linksvayer, T A., J Fewell, J Gadau, and M D. Laubichler. Developmental Evolution in Social Insects - Regulatory Networks from Genes to Societies,. Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution 318 (2012): 159-169. ...
The first conceptual review of contemporary evolution, which also coined the term, was Hendry and Kinnison 1999. That paper also advocated and advanced the use evolutionary rate metrics to analyze and compare rates of phenotypic change. Contemporary evolution was later alternatively defined as evolution occurring over ecological time scales in Hairston, et al. 2005, which also argued for the importance of ongoing evolution in shaping ecological processes. Hendry 2017 provides a general overview of the various factors shaping contemporary evolution and the ecological consequences of that evolution. Although the study of contemporary evolution emphasizes changes that take place in wild populations, studies of selection in laboratory or other controlled populations have taught us much about how evolution responds to changes in selection, as reviewed in Kassen 2014.. ...
Developmental plasticity looks like a promising bridge between ecological and developmental perspectives on evolution. Yet, there is no consensus on whether plasticity is part of the explanation for adaptive evolution or an optional add-on to genes and natural selection. Here, we suggest that these differences in opinion are caused by differences in the simplifying assumptions, and particular idealizations, that enable evolutionary explanation. We outline why idealizations designed to explain evolution through natural selection prevent an understanding of the role of development, and vice versa. We show that representing plasticity as a reaction norm conforms with the idealizations of selective explanations, which can give the false impression that plasticity has no explanatory power for adaptive evolution. Finally, we use examples to illustrate why evolutionary explanations that include developmental plasticity may in fact be more satisfactory than explanations that solely refer to genes and ...
Laubichler, M D.. Form and Function in Evo Devo: A Conceptual and Historical Analysis. In Form and Function in Developmental Evolution, edited by M D. Laubichler and Jane Maienschein, 10-46. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. ...
More recently, some of the Altenberg attendees, among others, launched a web site, The Third Way, as an organizing tool for scientists working on a model of evolution that accommodates the research findings that are stretching the Modern Synthesis. More recently the The John Templeton Foundation has awarded a major grant (£5.7m or $8m) to an international team of leading researchers for a three-year research program to put the predictions of the extended evolutionary synthesis to the test. The Royal Society in 2015 published an article, The extended evolutionary synthesis: its structure, assumptions and predictions that provides additional background information. And in November 2016 the Society hosted a scientific meeting on the topic, entitled, New trends in evolutionary biology: biological, philosophical and social science perspectives ...
Living things are organized in a hierarchy of levels. Genes group together in cells, cells group together in organisms, and organisms group together in societies. Even different species form mutualistic partnerships. In the history of life, previously independent units have formed groups that, in time, have come to resemble individuals in their own right. Biologists term such events the major transitions. The process common to them all is social evolution. Each occurs only if natural selection favours one unit joining with another in a new kind of group. This book presents a fresh synthesis of the principles of social evolution that underlie the major transitions, and explains how the basic theory underpinning social evolution, inclusive fitness theory, is central to understanding each event. At the same time, it defends inclusive fitness theory against recent critiques. The book defines the key stages in a major transition, then picks out the shared principles operating at each stage across the
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Dieckmann U & Doebeli M (2004). Adaptive dynamics of speciation: Sexual populations. In: Adaptive Speciation. Eds. Dieckmann, U., Doebeli, M., Metz, J.A.J. & Tautz, D., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-82842-2 DOI:10.2277/0521828422. Full text not available from this repository ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Effects of sphingolipid extracts on the morphological structure and lipid profile in an in vitro model of canine skin. AU - Cerrato, Santiago. AU - Ramió-Lluch, Laura. AU - Brazís, Pilar. AU - Fondevila, Dolors. AU - Segarra, Sergi. AU - Puigdemont, Anna. PY - 2016/6/1. Y1 - 2016/6/1. N2 - © 2016 The Authors Ceramides (CER) are essential sphingolipids of the stratum corneum (SC) that play an important role in maintaining cutaneous barrier function. Skin barrier defects occur in both human beings and dogs affected with atopic dermatitis, and have been associated with decreased CER concentrations and morphological alterations in the SC. The aim of the present study was to investigate the changes induced by three different sphingolipid extracts (SPE-1, SPE-2 and SPE-3) on the morphological structure and lipid composition of canine skin, using an in vitro model, whereby keratinocytes were seeded onto fibroblast-embedded collagen type I matrix at the air-liquid interface. Cell ...
Coevolution accounts for a significant proportion of the evolutionary change that occurs in nature. This is quite reasonable because most, if not all, species live as members of communities composed of many species. As a result of interactions between members in a community, many species utilize not only their own genome, but also the genome of other species to facilitate survival and reproduction in context of mutualistic interactions. Conversely, antagonistic interactions between species are capable of driving rapid evolutionary change between interacting species. Thus intergenomic interactions, resulting from both mutualistic and antagonistic coevolution, play a major role in shaping the evolutionary trajectory of many species. Current Projects: -Antagonistic coevolution - Experimental Coevolution Test of the Red Queen: This project combines my interests in both mating system evolution and coevolutionary dynamics! The Red Queen Hypothesis predicts that selective pressure from coevolving ...
Current research in evolutionary biology covers diverse topics and incorporates ideas from diverse areas, such as molecular genetics and computer science. First, some fields of evolutionary research try to explain phenomena that were poorly accounted for in the modern evolutionary synthesis. These include speciation,[13] the evolution of sexual reproduction,[14] the evolution of cooperation, the evolution of ageing, and evolvability.[15] Second, biologists ask the most straightforward evolutionary question: what happened and when?. This includes fields such as paleobiology, as well as systematics and phylogenetics. Third, the modern evolutionary synthesis was devised at a time when nobody understood the molecular basis of genes. Today, evolutionary biologists try to determine the genetic architecture of interesting evolutionary phenomena such as adaptation and speciation. They seek answers to questions such as how many genes are involved, how large are the effects of each gene, how ...
As we will see in the rest of this volume, several of these tenets [of the Modern Synthesis] are being challenged as either inaccurate or incomplete. It is important, however, to understand the kind of challenge being posed here, in order to avoid wasting time on unproductive discussions that missed the point of an extended evolutionary synthesis. Perhaps a parallel with another branch of biology will be helpful. After Watson and Crick discovered the double-helix structure of DNA, and the molecular revolution got started in earnest, one of the first principles to emerge from the new discipline was the unfortunately named central dogma of molecular biology. The dogma (a word that arguably should never be used in science) stated that the flow of information in biological systems is always one way, from DNA to RNA to proteins. Later on, however, it was discovered that the DNA > RNA flow can be reversed by the appropriately named process of reverse transcription, which takes place in a variety of ...
Current research in evolutionary biology covers diverse topics and incorporates ideas from diverse areas, such as molecular genetics and computer science.. First, some fields of evolutionary research try to explain phenomena that were poorly accounted for in the modern evolutionary synthesis. These include speciation,[7] the evolution of sexual reproduction,[8] the evolution of cooperation, the evolution of ageing, and evolvability.[9]. Second, biologists ask the most straightforward evolutionary question: what happened and when?. This includes fields such as palaeobiology, as well as systematics and phylogenetics.. Third, the modern evolutionary synthesis was devised at a time when nobody understood the molecular basis of genes. Today, evolutionary biologists try to determine the genetic architecture of interesting evolutionary phenomena such as adaptation and speciation. They seek answers to questions such as how many genes are involved, how large are the effects of each gene, how ...
The evolutionist tradition of concealing fossils watch video, Adnan Oktars comments and opinions about The evolutionist tradition of concealing fossils, watch related articles, videos, interviews and documentries for The evolutionist tradition of concealing fossils, share on facebook, share on twitter
Dive into the research topics of Phenotypic plasticity, genetic assimilation, and genetic compensation in hypoxia adaptation of high-altitude vertebrates. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...
William Smith (1769-1839), an English canal engineer, observed that rocks of different ages (based on the law of superposition) preserved different assemblages of fossils, and that these assemblages succeeded one another in a regular and determinable order. He observed that rocks from distant locations could be correlated based on the fossils they contained. He termed this the principle of faunal succession. Smith, who preceded Charles Darwin, was unaware of biological evolution and did not know why faunal succession occurred. Biological evolution explains why faunal succession exists: as different organisms evolve, change and go extinct, they leave behind fossils. Faunal succession was one of the chief pieces of evidence cited by Darwin that biological evolution had occurred. Early naturalists well understood the similarities and differences of living species leading Linnaeus to develop a hierarchical classification system still in use today. It was Darwin and his contemporaries who first ...
William Smith (1769-1839), an English canal engineer, observed that rocks of different ages (based on the law of superposition) preserved different assemblages of fossils, and that these assemblages succeeded one another in a regular and determinable order. He observed that rocks from distant locations could be correlated based on the fossils they contained. He termed this the principle of faunal succession. Smith, who preceded Charles Darwin, was unaware of biological evolution and did not know why faunal succession occurred. Biological evolution explains why faunal succession exists: as different organisms evolve, change and go extinct, they leave behind fossils. Faunal succession was one of the chief pieces of evidence cited by Darwin that biological evolution had occurred. Early naturalists well understood the similarities and differences of living species leading Linnaeus to develop a hierarchical classification system still in use today. It was Darwin and his contemporaries who first ...
The foregoing suggests that natural selection theory be formulated as a problem of signal-to-noise ratio. That is, the burden on the theory is to show that the variability of heritable phenotypic traits within a species in a local population, limited as it is by developmental constraints, nonetheless is significant enough to account for the variability of reproductive success among the members of a generation. Can the variability of the heritable traits in a given generation, the signal, rise above the day-in day-out contingencies of the environment and the intrinsic developmental constraints that limit the variability of phenotypes in a given generation, the noise, to override these factors and determine reproductive outcomes generation after generation ...
Abstract Because of the variability of relevant developmental resources across different environments, and because only a portion of the genome is expressed in any individual organism as a result of its specific developmental context and experience,
Page 1 of 2 - Why Evolutionist Dont Like To Give Evidence? - posted in Creation vs Evolution: I find it quite frustrating and amusing that for all their talk about science, many evolutionists refuse to give evidence of their claims. Many seem to think that just by merely saying the word fossil makes it evidence of evolution, without actually demonstrating how it is... So calling all evolutionists to give a summary of how their evidence is evidence of evolution. Just one...
Phenotypic convergence between distinct species provides an opportunity to examine the predictability of genetic evolution. Unrelated species sharing genetic underpinnings for phenotypic convergence suggests strong genetic constraints, and thus high predictability of evolution. However, there is no clear big picture of the genomic constraints on convergent evolution. Genome-based phylogenies have confirmed many cases of phenotypic convergence in birds, making them a good system for examining genetic constraints in phenotypic convergence. In this study, we used hierarchical genomic approaches to estimate genetic constraints in three convergent avian traits: nocturnality, raptorial behavior and foot-propelled diving. Phylogeny-based hypothesis tests and positive selection tests were applied to compare 16 avian genomes, representing 14 orders, and identify genes with strong convergence signals. We found 43 adaptively convergent genes (ACGs) associated with the three phenotypic convergence cases and
A recent report, published in Nature,1 on the genome sequence of the so-called living fish fossil, the African coelacanth, has some evolutionists scrambling to defend their story. This is because the coelacanths DNA is similar to other types of fish and not land animals, thus forcing the evolutionists to postulate that the coelacanth evolved slowly.1. Although modern coelacanths are found in water about 500 feet deep, Axel Meyer, a member of the study team believes that ancient coelacanths may have lived in shallow water, stating, Other coelacanths lived in more shallow, estuary-like environments 400 million years ago, and you can envisage them using fins more like walking legs.2 In the overall evolutionary scenario, fish are believed to have transitioned to land and then continued evolving into amphibians and eventually into other land creatures.. The ancestral lineage of the coelacanth was thought to have gone extinct 70 million years ago, during the Cretaceous Period-an era most famous for ...
Environmental stochasticity is known to play an important role in life-history evolution, but most general theory assumes a constant environment. In this paper, we examine life-history evolution in a variable environment, by decomposing average individual fitness (measured by the long-run stochastic growth rate) into contributions from average vital rates and their temporal variation. We examine how generation time, demographic dispersion (measured by the dispersion of reproductive events across the lifespan), demographic resilience (measured by damping time), within-year variances in vital rates, within-year correlations between vital rates and between-year correlations in vital rates combine to determine average individual fitness of stylized life histories. In a fluctuating environment, we show that there is often a range of cohort generation times at which the fitness is at a maximum. Thus, we expect optimal phenotypes in fluctuating environments to differ from optimal phenotypes in constant
UNUSUAL TIME AND PLACE Modeling adaptive dynamics for structured populations with functional traits We develop the framework of adaptive dynamics for populations that are structured by age and functional traits. The functional trait of an individual may express itself differently during the life of an individual according to her age and a random parameter that is chosen at birth to capture the environmental stochasticity. The population evolves through birth, death and selection mechanisms. At each birth, the new individual may be a clone of its parent or a mutant. Starting from an individual based model we use averaging techniques to take the large population and rare mutation limit under a well-chosen time-scale separation. This gives us the Trait Substitution Sequence process that describes the adaptive dynamics in our setting. Assuming small mutation steps we also derive the Canonical Equation which expresses the evolution of advantageous traits as a function-valued ordinary differential ...
UNUSUAL TIME Modeling adaptive dynamics for structured populations with functional traits We develop the framework of adaptive dynamics for populations that are structured by age and functional traits. The functional trait of an individual may express itself differently during the life of an individual according to her age and a random parameter that is chosen at birth to capture the environmental stochasticity. The population evolves through birth, death and selection mechanisms. At each birth, the new individual may be a clone of its parent or a mutant. Starting from an individual based model we use averaging techniques to take the large population and rare mutation limit under a well-chosen time-scale separation. This gives us the Trait Substitution Sequence process that describes the adaptive dynamics in our setting. Assuming small mutation steps we also derive the Canonical Equation which expresses the evolution of advantageous traits as a function-valued ordinary differential equation. ...
Predicting adaptive trajectories is a major goal of evolutionary biology and useful for practical applications. Systems biology has enabled the development of genome-scale metabolic models. However, analysing these models via flux balance analysis (FBA) cannot predict many evolutionary outcomes including adaptive diversification, whereby an ancestral lineage diverges to fill multiple niches. Here we combine in silico evolution with FBA and apply this modelling framework, evoFBA, to a long-term evolution experiment with Escherichia coli. Simulations predicted the adaptive diversification that occurred in one experimental population and generated hypotheses about the mechanisms that promoted coexistence of the diverged lineages. We experimentally tested and, on balance, verified these mechanisms, showing that diversification involved niche construction and character displacement through differential nutrient uptake and altered metabolic regulation. The evoFBA framework represents a promising new way to
Antagonistic coevolution is particularly likely to take place between parasites and their hosts. It is easy to imagine how a change in a parasite, which improves its ability to penetrate its hosts, will reciprocally set up selection for a change in the host. Antagonism can cause cyclical or escalatory coevolution:. • If the range of genetic variants in parasite and host is limited, coevolution can be cyclic. • But if new mutants continually arise, the parasite and host may undergo unending coupled changes in a particular direction. Many properties of the biology of parasites and hosts have been attributed to antagonistic coevolution, such as parasitic virulence, and the simultaneous phylogenetic branching of parasites and hosts. Antagonisms are thought to be the biological factor most likely to cause extinction.. The shells of these molluscs are an example of escalatory coevolution: the fossil record shows that the thickness of the shells increases in response to the evolution of more ...
It takes all the running you can do, to keep in the same place. - Lewis Carroll in Through the Looking-Glass http://astore.amazon.com/spectrevision-20/detail/0525951113 Let me tell you the story of the most successful organism of all time: this is the story of the parasite. Early on, evolution branched into two distinct paths: independent organisms-those that exist…
One major feature of the Palaeogene radiation of acanthomorphs-the origin of several clades of pelagic predators-appears related to the filling of vacated functional roles, but additional axes of morphological diversification are not clearly explained under this model. This might reflect the conservative approach applied here, which focuses on regions of morphospace that were devastated, rather than thinned, by extinction, combined with the limitations of a broadly framed landmark-based morphometric scheme in comparison to a targeted functional analysis. A mosaic pattern of turnover could remain an important but subtle mechanism underlying aspects of the acanthomorph radiation. Selection against higher trophic levels of the sort inferred for teleosts during the K-P (Cavin 2001; Friedman 2009) might yield particularly nuanced succession dynamics, because piscivorous fishes assume a range of morphologies and represent the most anatomically disparate diet class in some modern faunas (Chakrabarty ...
Few major questions in biological evolution have been as daunting to solve as the evolution of social behavior. Most research in the discipline has been structured by natural history observations and experiments designed to support a particular concept of how sociality evolved. Theoretical contributions have also been a significant part of the literature, sometimes linked to a favored concept. The discipline is divided into camps of opposing opinion on concepts of social evolution, and there has been scant increase in insight or understanding beyond positions adopted years ago. In this epistemic environment, characterized by contention and stasis, the catalysis group �Modeling Insect Sociality� has been designed to seek a new way forward. The meeting will assemble evolutionary modelers with a diversity of analytical tool kits together with social insect biologists with a diversity of taxonomic expertise. The intent is to foster discussion in an atmosphere of neutrality with regard to ...
As we will see in the rest of this volume, several of these tenets [of the Modern Synthesis] are being challenged as either a inaccurate or incomplete. It is important however, to understand the kind of challenge being posted here, in order to avoid wasting time on unproductive discussions that miss the point of an extended evolutionary synthesis. Perhaps a parallel with another branch of biology will be helpful. After Watson and Crick discovered the double-helix structure of DNA, and the molecular revolution got started in earnest, one of the first principles to emerge from the new discipline was the unfortunately named central dogma of molecular biology. The dogma (a word that arguably should never be used in science) stated that the flow of information in biological systems is always one-way, from DNA to RNA proteins. Later on, however, it was discovered that the DNA > RNA flow can be reversed by the appropriately named process of reverse transcription, which takes place in a variety of ...
Life cycle strategies have evolved extensively throughout the history of metazoans. The expression of disparate life stages within a single ontogeny can present conflicts to trait evolution, and therefore may have played a major role in shaping metazoan forms. However, few studies have examined the consequences of adding or subtracting life stages on patterns of trait evolution. By analysing trait evolution in a clade of closely related salamander lineages we show that shifts in the number of life cycle stages are associated with rapid phenotypic evolution. Specifically, salamanders with an aquatic-only (paedomorphic) life cycle have frequently added vertebrae to their trunk skeleton compared with closely related lineages with a complex aquatic-to-terrestrial (biphasic) life cycle. The rate of vertebral column evolution is also substantially lower in biphasic lineages, which may reflect the functional compromise of a complex cycle. This study demonstrates that the consequences of life cycle ...
CA, Azlan and N.A., Kadri, and NF, Mohd Nasir and MG, Rah (2006) The study of morphological structure, phase structure and molecular structure of collagen-PEO 600K blends for tissue engineering application. American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2 (5). pp. 175-179. ...
We demonstrate how a genetic polymorphism of distinctly different alleles can develop during long-term frequency-dependent evolution in an initially monomorphic diploid population, if mutations have only small phenotypic effect. As a specific example, we use a version of Levenes (1953) soft selection model, where stabilizing selection acts on a continuous trait within each of two habitats. If the optimal phenotypes within the habitats are sufficiently different, then two distinctly different alleles evolve gradually from a single ancestral allele. In a wide range of parameter values, the two locally optimal phenotypes will be realized by one of the homozygotes and the heterozygote, rather than by the two homozygotes. Unlike in the haploid analogue of the model, there can be multiple polymorphic evolutionary attractors with different probabilities of convergence. Our results differ from the population genetic models of short-term evolution in two aspects: (1) a polymorphism that is population ...
This working group will assemble a team of investigators from population, quantitative, demographic and human genetics, and evolutionary biology to analyze the three generation longitudinal Framingham Heart Study cohort data to document microevolutionary changes in a contemporary human population. The team will utilize the rich and diverse morphological, physiological and genomic data collected for nearly sixty years to primarily understand the manifestation of cardiovascular disease in a healthy white North American population. The investigators will use analytical approaches proven in evolutionary biology and if necessary develop novel approaches for the purpose. This concerted effort will yield an evolutionary framework to understand the distribution of human genetic variation and the role of evolution in human health and disease. The specific aims of this working group are to: 1) measure microevolutionary changes at the phenotype level in a white North American human population, using ...
When evolutionists try to draw their tree of related animals, they have a problem: not everything fits. They must say that some things---even things that are extremely similar---evolved multiple times independently (called convergence). They say that eyes evolved 40-60 times independently. This is awkward for evolutionists to explain, but it makes much more sense for a creationist: God reuses good designs!. Learn More. ...
It is definitely true that the so-called Modern Synthesis of Evolution needs an update. That is common knowledge. The problem is that there are not really leading figures that can come down with what might be called The Standard Model of Biological Evolution. I phrase it as such since as such it might also help against the ID movement. ID is constantly challenging biologists and other scientists. The thing they do understand all too well is that every new finding comes with many new questions, which they subsequently abuse to attack evolution. One of the issues they keep on coming back is that evolution is just a theory. Besides the fact that apparently they misunderstand the scientific meaning of theory, they easily put aside the enormous of evidence that backs up this theory. The reason why they keep on doing this is that there are still a number of battle areas , albeit much less then it seems. Here The Standard Model of Biological Evolution might come in quite handy. But who should ...
Работа на тему «The Modern Synthesis Genetics Darwin Essay Research» в категории «Иностранные языки».
Workman, L., Reader, W. & Barkow, J. H. (Eds) (2020) Cambridge Handbook of Evolutionary Perspectives on Human Behavior. The Cambridge Handbook of Evolutionary Perspectives on Human Behavior - edited by Lance Workman March 2020 Skip to main content Accessibility help We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. The Cambridge Handbook of Evolutionary Perspectives on Human Behavior (Cambridge Handbooks in Psychology) (English Edition) eBook: Workman, Lance, Reader, Will, Barkow, Jerome H.: Amazon.nl: Kindle Store Kin selection and the evolution of male androphilia31. Book summary views reflect the number of visits to the book and chapter landing pages. The Cambridge Handbook of Evolutionary Perspectives on Human Behavior - March 2020 British Wildlife is the leading natural history magazine in the UK, providing essential reading Ontogeny of tactical deception19. 11 - Can Evolutionary Processes Explain the Origins of Morality? Close ...
Im constantly amazed by how many people in the US either reject the idea of biological evolution or have serious reservations. By contrast, in Europe and other countries with developed economies, only a relatively small fraction do. And the mainstream Christian denominations that most Americans belong to all explicitly accept the reality of biological evolution. That includes the Catholic, Episcopalian, Presbyterian, Methodist, Lutheran, and Anglican churches. The simple fact is that there is overwhelming evidence for biological evolution. As the 20th century biologist Theodosius Dobzhansky said (when the evidence for biological evolution was not even as strong as it is today), Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution. If we were compelled to reject the idea of biological evolution, there would be literally thousands of unexplained biological phenomena that currently make perfect sense as consequences of the evolutionary history of life on Earth.. No credible biologist ...
Evolutionary game theory (EGT) is the application of game theory to evolving populations in biology. It defines a framework of contests, strategies, and analytics into which Darwinian competition can be modelled. It originated in 1973 with John Maynard Smith and George R. Prices formalisation of contests, analysed as strategies, and the mathematical criteria that can be used to predict the results of competing strategies. Evolutionary game theory differs from classical game theory in focusing more on the dynamics of strategy change. This is influenced by the frequency of the competing strategies in the population. Evolutionary game theory has helped to explain the basis of altruistic behaviours in Darwinian evolution. It has in turn become of interest to economists, sociologists, anthropologists, and philosophers. Classical non-cooperative game theory was conceived by John von Neumann to determine optimal strategies in competitions between adversaries. A contest involves players, all of whom ...
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TY - JOUR. T1 - A multivariate analysis of genetic constraints to life history evolution in a wild population of red deer. AU - Walling, Craig A.. AU - Morrissey, Michael B.. AU - Foerster, Katharina. AU - Clutton-Brock, Tim H.. AU - Pemberton, Josephine M.. AU - Kruuk, Loeske E B. PY - 2014/1/1. Y1 - 2014/1/1. N2 - Evolutionary theory predicts that genetic constraints should be widespread, but empirical support for their existence is surprisingly rare. Commonly applied univariate and bivariate approaches to detecting genetic constraints can underestimate their prevalence, with important aspects potentially tractable only within a multivariate framework. However, multivariate genetic analyses of data from natural populations are challenging because of modest sample sizes, incomplete pedigrees, and missing data. Here we present results from a study of a comprehensive set of life history traits (juvenile survival, age at first breeding, annual fecundity, and longevity) for both males and females ...
Looking for online definition of Co-adaptation in the Medical Dictionary? Co-adaptation explanation free. What is Co-adaptation? Meaning of Co-adaptation medical term. What does Co-adaptation mean?
Evolutionary perspectives on human behavior are almost as old as the science of psychology itself. A new brand of functionalism has emerged; it draws inspiration from developments in evolutionary biology in the past half-century. This chapter offers an overview of evolutionary biology as applied to human psychology. An ecological niche is discussed, and the critical issue of the nature of the niche humans entered and defined is addressed. Unusually, individuals fitness was highly dependent on their ability to attract, form, and maintain cooperative coalitions with others and harness the competencies of others to their own. Several broad, evolution-inspired proposals about human social behavior are described, illustrating how evolutionary perspectives offer integrative understanding of psychological phenomena and generate new research programs. Individual differences from an evolutionary perspective are addressed. Evolutionary perspectives, rather than representing alternatives to social or cultural
Biological evolution is a process that results in heritable changes in a population spread over many generations. [1]Microevolution occurs in terms of biological evolution, but macroevolution does not. ...
Compiled and edited by Andrew Morozov. Mathematical modelling is widely recognised as a powerful and convenient theoretical tool for investigating various aspects of biological evolution and explaining the existing genetic complexity of the real world. The importance of such models stems from their usefulness in providing wide-ranging exploration without a need for expensive and potentially dangerous experiments with biological systems. This theme issue aims to provide a useful guide to important recent findings in some key-areas in modelling biological evolution, to refine the existing challenges and to outline possible future directions. Many of the contributions stress the importance of linking theory and empirical work, emphasised by concrete case study-based examples.. All articles from this issue are now available online.. If you would like to recommend this journal to your Librarian please fill out this form or contact [email protected] Also of interest. See all Royal Society ...
We consider the stability of strict equilibrium under deterministic evolutionary game dynamics. We show that if the correlation between strategies growth rates and payoffs is positive and bounded away from zero in a neighborhood of a strict equilibrium, then this equilibrium is locally stable.
This 727 word essay is about Human evolution, Biological evolution, Apes, Recent African origin of modern humans, Anthropology, Evolution. Read the full essay now!
Antagonistic selection-where alleles at a locus have opposing effects on male and female fitness (sexual antagonism), or between components of fitness (antagonistic pleiotropy)-might play an important role in maintaining population genetic variation, and in driving phylogenetic and genomic patterns of sexual dimorphism and life-history evolution. While prior theory has thoroughly characterized the conditions necessary for antagonistic balancing selection to operate, we currently know little about the evolutionary interactions between antagonistic selection, recurrent mutation, and genetic drift, which should collectively shape empirical patterns of genetic variation. To fill this void, we developed and analyzed a series of population genetic models that simultaneously incorporate these processes. Our models identify two general properties of antagonistically selected loci. First, antagonistic selection inflates heterozygosity and fitness variance across a broad parameter range-a result that ...
Biological evolution is a process that results in [[heritable]] changes in a [[population]] spread over many [[generations]]. [http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/evolution-definition.html][[Microevolution]] occurs in terms of biological evolution, but [[macroevolution]] does not. == See also == *[[Question evolution! campaign]] [[Category:Evolution ...
This study examines the Colloquium which is a professional development process used in Catholic schools. The Colloquium was designed to help people employed in catholic schools renew their vision of care and service to students and to seek to reshape the curriculum to reflect Gospel values more clearly. This thesis was a research evaluation of the Colloquium process and aimed to exploreits effectiveness in te1ms of its impact on the teachers and their work in Catholic schools. The study is based on the theoretical domains of faith development, school improvement end staff development. The design of the study involved before and after questionnaires about the colloquium experience and unstructured interviews. The conclusion drawn from the qualitative data is that the Colloquium process influences the faith development or the individual as well as the staff collectively. It influences relationships and can lead to the building of a shared vision and an identification of common goals for the improvement of
Biological evolution is any genetic change in a population inherited over several generations. These changes may be obvious or not very noticeable at all.
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Introduction. There are winds of change in evolutionary biology, and they are blowing from many directions: from developmental biology (particularly the molecular aspects), from microbial biology (especially studies of mutational mechanisms and horizontal gene transfer), from ecology (in particular ideas about niche construction and studies of extensive symbiosis), from behavior (where the transmission of information through social learning is a major focus), and from cultural studies (where the relation between cultural evolution and genetic evolution is under scrutiny). Many biologists feel that the foundations of the evolutionary paradigm that was constructed during the 1930s and 1940s (Mayr, 1982) and has dominated Western views of evolution for the last 60 years are crumbling, and that the construction of a new evolutionary paradigm is underway.. In this paper we focus on one of the important challenges to the Modern Evolutionary Synthesis (referred to here as the Modern Synthesis, or the ...
PhD Project - Human Demography and Gene-culture Coevolution: human population dynamics on a (pre)-historical time-scale, and in tandem with microbial evolution at Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, listed on FindAPhD.com
Complex cognition and relatively large brains are distributed across various taxa, and many primarily verbal hypotheses exist to explain such diversity. Yet, mathematical approaches formalizing verbal hypotheses would help deepen the understanding of brain and cognition evolution. With this aim, we combine elements of life history and metabolic theories to formulate a metabolically explicit mathematical model for brain life history evolution. We assume that some of the brains energetic expense is due to production (learning) and maintenance (memory) of energy-extraction skills (or cognitive abilities, knowledge, information, etc.). We also assume that individuals use such skills to extract energy from the environment, and can allocate this energy to grow and maintain the body, including brain and reproductive tissues. The model can be used to ask what fraction of growth energy should be allocated at each age, given natural selection, to growing brain and other tissues under various biological ...
In Lewis Carrolls Through the Looking Glass (1871), a sequel to his Alices Adventures in Wonderland (1865), Alice learns from the Red Queen that, in Carrolls
In addition to developmental constraints, the experiences that children have with the world further entrench their intuition, and cause them to develop particular ideas about how the world works. Both of these factors make it difficult to adopt new, more scientifically accurate ones. These intuitions, also referred to as naïve theories or framework theories, provide simple explanations for natural phenomena that work well in everyday life, even if they are not entirely accurate from a scientific standpoint (Wellman and Gelman 1998). For example, childrens everyday experience of the earth is that of a flat stationary surface. The notion of the earth being a giant ball floating in space belies this experience and requires radical restructuring. It is interesting that such restructuring often goes through shifts that involve the construction of alternative conceptions of the earth shape, or synthetic models (Vosniadou and Brewer 1992). For example, a child may confidently claim that there are ...
Evolutionary trade-offs in performance from one environment to another have long been thought to be essential in the balance in population and distribution of organisms. It is an essential concept in natural selection. (The process in nature by which, according to Darwins theory of evolution, only the organisms best adapted to their environment tend to survive and transmit their genetic characteristics in increasing numbers to succeeding generations while those less adapted tend to be eliminated.) An advantageous mutation in a certain environment will increase the likelihood of reaching the age of reproduction, allowing passing on of the gene to the next generation, therefore a positive mutation. If the mutation is detrimental to health and the person dies before reproduction, the mutation is lost and is therefore a negative mutation. Natural selection has to be considered in the context of pre-modern societies. Modern medicine has altered the balance of nature and often allows us to rescue ...
Maropeng is thrilled to announce that it will be hosting the Royal Society of South Africas Broom Colloquium on November 26, 2011. The top scientists behind some of the more recent palaeontological discoveries will be gathering for the day to present papers on a wide range of research issues.. This Broom Colloquium serves to commemorate the death of renowned palaeontologist and medical doctor, Professor Robert Broom, 60 years ago.. The colloquium is an initiative of the Royal Society of South Africa, in partnership with Maropeng, to honour Broom in the context of recent discoveries of and research on hominids and other fossils from the Cradle of Humankind World Heritage Site. Maropeng curator Lindsay Marshall says that hosting the colloquium is very prestigious. It adds a huge amount of credibility to Maropengs role, not only as a tourism destination but as a place where international scientific discussion can take place.. An exhibition of original fossils discovered at Bolts Farm, one of ...
The successful experience of the first International Colloquium, in 1997, was on Money, Growth, Distribution and Structural Change: Contemporaneous Analysis, that coincided with the foundation of PhD Program in Economics at the University of Brasilia (UnB). It was an outstanding meeting with the presence of many fine scholars from Brazil and the larger world community.. The 1999 International Colloquium on Economic Dynamics and Economic Policy which was the result of the consolidation of efforts to stimulate and sustain a critical dialogue, continued to develop these critical themes leading to a series of colloquia that followed. These include the 2001 International Colloquium on Structural Change, Growth and Redistribution and the 2003 International Colloquium on Globalization, New Technologies and Economic Relations, both held in Brasilia, with the support of the UnB and other institutions and had the presence of scholars from various countries around the world.. Subsequent to this ...
The successful experience of the first International Colloquium, in 1997, was on Money, Growth, Distribution and Structural Change: Contemporaneous Analysis, that coincided with the foundation of PhD Program in Economics at the University of Brasilia (UnB). It was an outstanding meeting with the presence of many fine scholars from Brazil and the larger world community.. The 1999 International Colloquium on Economic Dynamics and Economic Policy which was the result of the consolidation of efforts to stimulate and sustain a critical dialogue, continued to develop these critical themes leading to a series of colloquia that followed. These include the 2001 International Colloquium on Structural Change, Growth and Redistribution and the 2003 International Colloquium on Globalization, New Technologies and Economic Relations, both held in Brasilia, with the support of the UnB and other institutions and had the presence of scholars from various countries around the world.. Subsequent to this ...
Major transitions in biological evolution show the same pattern of sudden emergence of diverse forms at a new level of complexity. The relationships between major groups within an emergent new class of biological entities are hard to decipher and do not seem to fit the tree pattern that, following Darwins original proposal, remains the dominant description of biological evolution. The cases in point include the origin of complex RNA molecules and protein folds; major groups of viruses; archaea and bacteria, and the principal lineages within each of these prokaryotic domains; eukaryotic supergroups; and animal phyla. In each of these pivotal nexuses in lifes history, the principal types seem to appear rapidly and fully equipped with the signature features of the respective new level of biological organization. No intermediate grades or intermediate forms between different types are detectable. Usually, this pattern is attributed to cladogenesis compressed in time, combined with the ...
Major transitions in biological evolution show the same pattern of sudden emergence of diverse forms at a new level of complexity. The relationships between major groups within an emergent new class of biological entities are hard to decipher and do not seem to fit the tree pattern that, following Darwins original proposal, remains the dominant description of biological evolution. The cases in point include the origin of complex RNA molecules and protein folds; major groups of viruses; archaea and bacteria, and the principal lineages within each of these prokaryotic domains; eukaryotic supergroups; and animal phyla. In each of these pivotal nexuses in lifes history, the principal types seem to appear rapidly and fully equipped with the signature features of the respective new level of biological organization. No intermediate grades or intermediate forms between different types are detectable. Usually, this pattern is attributed to cladogenesis compressed in time, combined with the ...
The Comparative - Phylogenetic Method of Reconstructing Evolutionary History. Kramer, Elena M [1]. A molecular perspective on the reconstruction of morphological evolution.. JUST as understanding morphological evolution requires a clear picture of taxonomic relationships, a complete understanding of developmental evolution is dependent on reconstructing the evolution of gene lineages. Therefore, the first step in studying the evolution of genetic pathways that underlie morphological change is analyzing the phylogenetic relationships among the genes that participate in these pathways. The importance of this type of analysis will be discussed in the context of the floral organ identity program and the MADS box genes which play critical roles in this program. In particular, the evolutionary history of the APETALA3 and PISTILLATA gene lineages in the Ranunculales has the potential to shed light on the morphological diversification of this group. Current evidence suggests that duplications which ...
article{Cl07b, author = {Jens Christian Claussen}, title = {Drift reversal in asymmetric coevolutionary conflicts: influence of microscopic processes and population size}, journal = {European Physical Journal B}, volume = {60}, pages = {391--399}, year = {2007}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2007-00357-2}, abstract = {The coevolutionary dynamics in finite populations currently is investigated in a wide range of disciplines, as chemical catalysis, biological evolution, social and economic systems. The dynamics of those systems can be formulated within the unifying framework of evolutionary game theory. However it is not a priori clear which mathematical description is appropriate when populations are not infinitely large. Whereas the replicator equation approach describes the infinite population size limit by deterministic differential equations, in finite populations the dynamics is inherently stochastic which can lead to new effects. Recently, an explicit mean-field description in the ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Cancer phenotype as the outcome of an evolutionary game between normal and malignant cells. AU - Dingli, D.. AU - Chalub, F. A.C.C.. AU - Santos, F. C.. AU - Van Segbroeck, S.. AU - Pacheco, J. M.. N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by Mayo Foundation (DD), FCT Portugal (FACCC and JMP), FNRS Belgium (FCS) and FWO Belgium (SVS).. PY - 2009. Y1 - 2009. N2 - Background: There is variability in the cancer phenotype across individuals: two patients with the same tumour may experience different disease life histories, resulting from genetic variation within the tumour and from the interaction between tumour and host. Until now, phenotypic variability has precluded a clear-cut identification of the fundamental characteristics of a given tumour type. Methods: Using multiple myeloma as an example, we apply the principles of evolutionary game theory to determine the fundamental characteristics that define the phenotypic variability of a tumour. Results: Tumour dynamics is ...
The main focus of my project is to learn more about morphological character evolution in a phylogenetic context.. One of the goals is to erect homology hypotheses of morphological characters. The morphological characters are then used as a data base for reconstructing of a hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships (=tree) in combination with existing DNA sequences or are mapped on existing trees to study the character evolution.. The emphasis of my research is to unravel annelid character evolution.. Several anatomical structures are studied: body wall muscles, epidermis and cuticle, and genital ducts, using different methods such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and routin histology.. Another goal of the project is to study the morphology of homologous characters; characters that come out as derived from a common ancestor in both DNA and morphological analyses and that have long been recognized by morphologists to unite a certain group of organisms, e.g. the clitellum of Clitellata and ...
In other words - if the evidence points to God - as they know much of it does, there is no way they will ever acknowledge it. They will tell some outrageous story about the evidence (or as Id call it - a lie) to avoid drawing the obvious conclusion: the evidence points to a transcendent God.. Which brings me back to our first question: Is lie too strong a word? Are evolutionists really trying to deceive? Once you recognize the target of the deception the answer becomes obvious. Scripture tells us The heavens declare the glory of God. (Ps 19.1) But evolutionists and atheists have determined they want a world without God. And thus they deny any evidence that points to God. And so the target of their lies - first and foremost - is themselves. They are lying to themselves so that they dont have to acknowledge to themselves the evidence of God because …since the creation of the world Gods invisible qualities-his eternal power and divine nature-have been clearly seen, being understood from ...
BACKGROUND: Animal and plant species can harbour microbes that provide them with protection against enemies. These beneficial microbes can be a significant component of host defence that complement or replaces a repertoire of immunity, but they can also be costly. Given their impact on host and parasite fitness, defensive microbes have the potential to influence host-parasite interactions on an evolutionary timescale. RESULTS: Using a phenotypic framework, we explore the evolutionary and coevolutionary dynamics of a host-parasite interaction in the presence of defensive microbes. We show that costs of host-defensive microbe systems are critical in determining whether a defensive microbe based system or an immune system provides better host protection investment. Partitioning the coevolutionary dynamics yields testable predictions. The density of defensive microbes influences the strength of selection resulting from host - defensive microbe - parasite coevolutionary interactions. We find that they lessen
Introduction The publication of Darwins Origin of Species in 18591 marked one of the great revolutions in science. Darwins central idea, that species diverged through natural selection and are thus related by a branching pattern of common descent, provided a new materialistic explanation for the diversity of the natural world. How did evolutionary biology develop in South Africa over the subsequent 150 years, and what were the milestones along the way? What are its current strengths and roles in a modern democratic South Africa? To address these questions I review the South African literature on evolutionary biology, first as an historical narrative, and second with respect to noteworthy research themes. I also consider the extent to which sociological misinterpretation of Darwins ideas had an influence on the development of racist ideology in South Africa. Finally, I present the results of a bibliographic analysis of publication trends in evolutionary biology for South Africa, relative to ...
Due to regulations regarding the COVID-19 situation, all the SCCS Colloquium sessions with physical presence are cacelled until further notice. If you need to present your work as part of a graded project, please contact your advisor. Projects that need to and can be presented via videoconference as part of a graded exam can be hosted. The SC²S Colloquium is a forum giving students, guests, and members of the chair the opportunity to present their research insights, results, and challenges. Do you need ideas for your thesis topic? Do you want to meet your potential supervisor? Do you want to discuss your research with a diverse group of researchers, rehearse your conference talk, or simply cheer for your colleagues? This is the right place for you! When and where: Wednesdays at 3 pm, in the room 02.07.023. Guests are always welcome! You dont want to miss a talk? Subscribe to our mailing list and our Colloquium calendar (iCal link, updated regularly). ...
A Joint Meeting of the British Mathematical Colloquium (BMC) and the British Applied Mathematics Colloquium (BAMC) was held at the University of Cambridge from 11:00 on Monday 30th March 2015 to 13:00 on Thursday 2nd April 2015. This was the 4th Joint Meeting following Warwick (2002), Liverpool (2005) and Edinburgh (2010). ...
A Joint Meeting of the British Mathematical Colloquium (BMC) and the British Applied Mathematics Colloquium (BAMC) was held at the University of Cambridge from 11:00 on Monday 30th March 2015 to 13:00 on Thursday 2nd April 2015. This was the 4th Joint Meeting following Warwick (2002), Liverpool (2005) and Edinburgh (2010). ...
Virus-host biological interaction is a continuous coevolutionary process involving both host immune system and viral escape mechanisms. Flaviviridae family is composed of fast evolving RNA viruses that infects vertebrate (mammals and birds) and/or invertebrate (ticks and mosquitoes) organisms. These host groups are very distinct life forms separated by a long evolutionary time, so lineage-specific anti-viral mechanisms are likely to have evolved. Flaviviridae viruses which infect a single host lineage would be subjected to specific host-induced pressures and, therefore, selected by them. In this work we compare the genomic evolutionary patterns of Flaviviridae viruses and their hosts in an attempt to uncover coevolutionary processes inducing common features in such disparate groups. Especially, we have analyzed dinucleotide and codon usage patterns in the coding regions of vertebrate and invertebrate organisms as well as in Flaviviridae viruses which specifically infect one or both host types. ...
Biological And Evolutionary Approaches To Personality Definition and Meaning: Biological and evolutionary approaches to personality Theories that suggest that important components of personality are inherited.
Genotyping and sequencing of a number of eukaryotic genomes provide us with an opportunity to study the temporal and functional character of evolutionary changes in metazoans. Here we provide a framework for identifying changes in evolutionary constraints on mutated positions in the human genome. Due to lack of SNP data, in the current analysis we captured only higher order patterns at the level of functional categories. But upon availability of resequencing data, using BaseDiver it is possible to achieve higher resolution. In this work we restricted the use of BaseDiver to coding regions only, where most of the base positions are under selection and the effects of hitchhiking are small, it can be used to identify changes in constraints in non-coding regions as well.. Recently outliers of evolutionary patterns like ultra-conserved elements in higher eukaryotes and highly accelerated regions in humans have been identified [4, 7]; here we attempt to capture the comprehensive spectrum of evolution ...
Evolution of digital organism at high mutation rates leads to survival of the flattest. The evolutionary origin of complex features
The evolution of biological complexity is one important outcome of the process of evolution. Evolution has produced some ... The evolution of order, manifested as biological complexity, in living systems and the generation of order in certain non- ... Adami, C.; Ofria, C.; Collier, T. C. (2000). "Evolution of biological complexity". PNAS. 97 (9): 4463-8. arXiv:physics/0005074 ... Stoltzfus, Arlin (1999). "On the Possibility of Constructive Neutral Evolution". Journal of Molecular Evolution. 49 (2): 169- ...
... was a five-day conference held in March 2009 by the Pontifical Gregorian University in ...
... refers to the incorporation of metallic ions into living organisms and how it has ... Ochiai, Ei-Ichiro (1983). "Copper and the Biological Evolution". Biosystems. 16 (2): 81-86. doi:10.1016/0303-2647(83)90029-1. ... 2002). Metal ions in biological systems: molybdenum and tungsten: their roles in biological processes. Vol. 39. Taylor & ... The redox transformation of Fe(II) to Fe(III), or vice versa, is vital to a number of biological and element cycling processes ...
genetics botany zoology biological systematics evolution biochemistry molecular biology cell biology, including all aspects of ... Maksim Todorović (1993-2005) Serbian Biological Society Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of ... biological systematics; evolution; biochemistry; molecular biology; cell biology, including all aspects of normal cell ... Science Edition Biological Abstracts Biosis Previews DOAJ Zoological Record Scopus "DoiSerbia - Archives of Biological Sciences ...
Adami, C.; Ofria, C.; Collier, T. C. (2000). "Evolution of biological complexity". Proceedings of the National Academy of ... Digital organisms are used as a tool to study the dynamics of Darwinian evolution, and to test or verify specific hypotheses or ... However, Rasmussen did not observe the evolution of complex and stable programs. It turned out that the programming language in ... Wilke, Claus O.; Adami, Christoph (2002). "The biology of digital organisms". Trends in Ecology & Evolution. Elsevier BV. 17 ( ...
Adami C, Ofria C, Collier TC (2000). "Evolution of biological complexity". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 (9): 4463-8. arXiv: ... However, the idea of a general trend towards complexity in evolution can also be explained through a passive process. This ... who proposed a model of cultural evolution which regards psychological and socio-cultural systems as analogous with biological ... This observation has led to the common misconception of evolution being progressive and leading towards what are viewed as " ...
Opinions are divided as to where in biological evolution consciousness emerged and about whether or not consciousness has ... doi:10.1093/mind/os-4.13.1. B. I. B. Lindahl (1997). "Consciousness and biological evolution". Journal of Theoretical Biology. ... In biological psychology, awareness is defined as a human's or an animal's perception and cognitive reaction to a condition or ... In his paper "Evolution of consciousness," John Eccles argues that special anatomical and physical adaptations of the mammalian ...
"Salk Chemical Evolution Scientist Leslie Orgel Dies". Salk Institute for Biological Studies. 30 October 2007. Retrieved 1 June ... Adami, Christoph; Ofria, Charles; Collier, Travis (2000). "Evolution of biological complexity". Proceedings of the National ... Orgel used the term for biological features which are considered in science to have arisen through a process of evolution, ... Dembski asserts that CSI exists in numerous features of living things, such as in DNA and in other functional biological ...
Biological evolution, Breeding, Selection). ... This is simply because evolution is understood to be unable to ... Postnatural history is defined as the "study of the origins, habitats, and evolution of organisms that have been intentionally ... ISBN 0-451-02192-4. Huxley, Julian (1955). "Chapter 8: Evolution and Genetics". In Newman, James Roy (ed.). What is Science? ... Coghlan, Andy (September 23, 2009). "For proteins, evolution can't go backwards". New Scientist. Retrieved May 7, 2015. Rush, J ...
This conception connects our understanding of God with today's ideas of the Big Bang; cosmic and biological evolution; the ... This profound mystery of creativity is manifest in and through the overall human bio-historical evolution and development ...
Abstract C. Adami, C. Ofria, and T.C. Collier (2000). Evolution of biological complexity. "Proceedings of the National Academy ... the director of the Digital Evolution (DEvo) Lab there, and Director of the BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action ... "Effects of population size and mutation rate on the evolution of mutational robustness". Evolution. 61 (3): 666-674. doi: ... Abstract C. O. Wilke, J. L. Wang, C. Ofria, R. E. Lenski, and C. Adami (2001). Evolution of Digital Organisms at High Mutation ...
Evolution of Biological Diversity. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-850304-0. Official website Google Scholar "Anne Magurran ... Magurran, Anne E.; Britain), Royal Society (Great (1999). Evolution of Biological Diversity. Current Biology. Vol. 20. Oxford ... Magurran completed her PhD at the University of Ulster on the biological diversity of native woodlands in Ireland. She then ... Throughout her career she has used fish communities to study biodiversity, the evolution of biodiversity, and on the role of ...
Opinions are divided as to where in biological evolution consciousness emerged and about whether or not consciousness has any ... doi:10.1093/mind/os-4.13.1. B.I.B. Lindahl (1997). "Consciousness and biological evolution". Journal of Theoretical Biology. ... In his article "Evolution of consciousness", John Eccles argued that special anatomical and physical properties of the ... Ann B. Butler; Paul R. Manger; B.I.B Lindahl; Peter Århem (2005). "Evolution of the neural basis of consciousness: a bird- ...
Fox, Sidney W.; Duane L Rohlfing, Aleksandr Ivanovich Oparin (1972). Molecular evolution: prebiological and biological. New ... Fox, Sidney W., Klaus Dose ; with a foreword by A. Oparin (1977). Molecular evolution and the origin of life (Rev. ed. ed.). ... Fox, Sidney W.; Dose, Klaus (1977). J. Lawrence Fox (ed.). Molecular Evolution and the Origin of Life (Revised ed.). New York: ... ISBN 0-471-91801-6. Fox, Sidney W. (1988). The emergence of life: Darwinian evolution from the inside. Basic Books. Fox, Sidney ...
He elucidated socio-biological evolution. He expands the idea of the Pakistani philosopher Sir Muhammad Iqbal that every living ...
Physical Approaches to Biological Evolution. Springer-Verlag: Berlin, [1]. "Paedomorphic". 21 January 2022. "Morphosis". 6 June ... Ridley, Mark (1985). Evolution. Blackwell. Whiteman, H.H. (1994). "Evolution of facultative paedomorphosis". Quarterly Review ... Doug Jones argued that human evolution's trend toward neoteny may have been caused by sexual selection in human evolution for ... Some evolutionary theorists have proposed that neoteny was a key feature in human evolution. J. B. S. Haldane states a "major ...
Evolution: Cosmic, Biological, and Social. Uchitel Publishing. pp. 274-289. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-04-17. ... ISBN 978-0-06-251586-5. Bloom, Howard (2000). Global Brain: The Evolution of Mass Mind from the Big Bang to the 21st Century. ... On the origin and impact of information in the average evolution. Includes how life forms originate and from there evolve to ... Kelly, Kevin (1994). Out of control: The Rise of Neo-Biological Civilization. Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley. pp. 5-28. ISBN 978 ...
G. Auletta, M. Leclerc, R. A. Martinez (eds.), Biological Evolution: Facts and Theories. A Critical Appraisal 150 years After « ... and has been the Vice-Director of the international conference on Biological Evolution: Facts and Theories, held at the ... Highlights of the Pontifical Gregorian University's International Conference on Biological Evolution», Theology and Science 8 ( ... His main interests in quantum information led him to focus his further research on the way in which biological and cognitive ...
Rose, Christopher S. (2008). Biological Emergences: Evolution by Natural Experiment by Robert G. B. Reid. Integrative and ... Reid, Robert G.B. (2007). Biological Emergences: Evolution by Natural Experiment. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. pp. 30. ... Emergent evolution is the hypothesis that, in the course of evolution, some entirely new properties, such as mind and ... 1923). Emergent Evolution. Henry Holt and Co. ISBN 0-404-60468-4 Patrick, G. T. W. (1923). Emergent Evolution by C. Lloyd ...
Third, the biological evolution of mankind. The evolution of plant and animal life, including human life, by means of Darwinian ... Jewish views on evolution includes a continuum of views about the theory of evolution, experimental evolution, the origin of ... "theistic evolution," that is, that behind the billions of years of cosmic and biological evolution, there is room for belief in ... was strongly opposed to the theory of evolution, and wrote strong polemics against evolution in several of his books, as well ...
... evolution, biodiversity and biological control. Fourth International Hymenoptera Conference, held in Canberra, Australia, in ... a Potential Biological Control Agent of Brazilian Peppertree (Schinus terebinthifoliusRaddi)". Biological Control. 14 (1): 60- ... Wheeler GS, Mc Kay F, Vitorino MD, Manrique V, Diaz R, Overholt WA (December 2016). "Biological Control of the Invasive Weed ... a potential biological control agent of Schinus terebinthifolius in Hawaii". BioControl. 48 (4): 461-476. doi:10.1023/A: ...
The evolution of the biological thought ). Springer. ISBN 978-3-540-43213-5. Werner Linß, Werner Linb, Jochen Fanghänel: ... As the laser emits a radiation in the near infrared, in this wavelength regime the laser can interact with biological materials ... Prior to cutting by microtome, biological materials are usually placed in a more rigid fixative, in a process known as ... The vibrating microtome is usually used for difficult biological samples. The cut thickness is usually around 30-500 μm for ...
Man 36: 4-8. Clark, W. E. L. G. (1940). "Palaeontological Evidence Bearing on Human Evolution". Biological Reviews. 15 (2): 202 ... Le Gros Clark, W. E. (1964). The fossil evidence for human evolution: An introduction to the study of paleoanthropology, 2nd ed ... Le Gros Clark, W. E. (1955). The fossil evidence for human evolution: An introduction to the study of paleoanthropology. The ... During his career Le Gros Clark published numerous papers on human evolution and palaeontology, and an autobiography. Zuckerman ...
... and fossil evidence of biological evolution. Each major natural history "theme" can be further subdivided into various sub- ... It is the only national natural areas program that identifies and recognizes the best examples of biological and geological ...
... evolution, biodiversity, and biological control. 4th. Vol. International Hymenopterists Conference. Collingwood, Victoria, ... Braconids are often used as biological pest control agents, especially against aphids. Thousands of species of insects are used ... These groups may be clades that diverged early in the evolution of braconids. Cyclostomes are monophyletic whereas ... Mahr, S. (February 1998). "Know Your Friends: Aphidius Wasps". Midwest Biological Control News Online. University of Wisconsin- ...
... evolution, biodiversity and biological control. Csiro Publishing. pp. 439-440. ISBN 978-0-643-06610-6. P. Gopalakrishnakone ( ...
2000). "Australian hymenoptera in the Spinola Collection: a list of species". Hymenoptera: Evolution, Biodiversity and ... Biodiversity and Biological Control. CSIRO Publishing. p. 231. ISBN 0-643-06610-1. Baker, D. B. 1999: The Faunae Ligusticae ... 2000). "Australian hymenoptera in the Spinola Collection: a list of species". Hymenoptera: Evolution, ... Biological Control. CSIRO Publishing. p. 231. ISBN 0-643-06610-1. Austin, Andrew; Dowton, Mark, eds. ( ...
"Evolution of Biological Shakers and Stirrers". Lab Manager. Retrieved 12 February 2016. Johanna. "What is Vortex mixer and ...
"Guest Editorial: Evolution, Cultural and Biological." Yearbook of Anthropology, 2-25. "Topic". maps.unomaha.edu. Retrieved 2021 ... Ingold, Tim (2016). Evolution and Social Life. Oxon: Routledge. p. 283. ISBN 9781138675858. Uwe V. Riss; Johannes Magenheim; ...
Full text Lindenfors P (2017) For Whose Benefit? The Biological and Cultural Evolution of Cooperation. Springer. ISBN 978-3-319 ... Reputation allows evolution of cooperation by indirect reciprocity. Natural selection favors strategies that base the decision ... Full text Panchanathan K. & Boyd, R. (2003) A Tale of Two Defectors: The Importance of Standing for the Evolution of Indirect ... Direct reciprocity can lead to the evolution of cooperation only if the probability, w, of another encounter between the same ...
"Non-Chromosomal DNA Drives Tumor Evolution". The Scientist Magazine®. Retrieved 2019-02-01. Wu, Sihan; Turner, Kristen M.; ... of unclear biological significance. Mischel and colleagues integrated whole genome sequencing, cytogenetics and structural ... showed that it potently drives tumor evolution and drug resistance, and identified specific signaling, biochemical and ... "Extrachromosomal oncogene amplification in tumour pathogenesis and evolution". Nature Reviews Cancer. 19 (5): 283-288. doi: ...
Kelly, Steven (2018). "The continuing evolution of publishing in the biological sciences". Biology Open. 7 (8). doi:10.1242/bio ... It was launched in 2011 and publishes research across the breadth of the biological and biomedical sciences. Biology Open is ... Biology Open is abstracted and/or indexed by: Biological Abstracts CAB Abstracts Chemical Abstracts Thomson ISI PubMed Central ...
The generic name is derived from the related genus Nauclea and the Greek word neos, meaning "new". The biological type for ... Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 56(1):21-39. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.04.002 Neonauclea At: Search Page At: World ...
Analogue sites are used in the frame of space exploration to either study geological or biological processes observed on other ... Exobiology or astrobiology is the study of the origin and evolution of extraterrestrial life. In terrestrial analogues efforts ... Analogue sites are places on Earth with assumed, past or present, geological, environmental or biological conditions of a ... environmental or biological conditions of a celestial body such as the Moon or Mars. ...
Joan G. Ehrenfeld (December 2010). "Ecosystem Consequences of Biological Invasions". Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and ... "Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources". deenr.rutgers.edu. Retrieved 2022-10-17. Staff, NJJN. "Joan G. Ehrenfeld". ... 2011 Research Excellence Award from the School of Environmental and Biological Sciences Ehrenfeld had four children. Her ...
Barbas CF, Hu D, Dunlop N, Sawyer L, Cababa D, Hendry RM, Nara PL, Burton DR (April 1994). "In vitro evolution of a ... US patent 5866363, Pieczenik G, "Method and means for sorting and identifying biological information", published 1999-02-02 ... Phage display is also a widely used method for in vitro protein evolution (also called protein engineering). As such, phage ... Directed evolution protein-protein interactions PelB leader sequence Competing techniques: Two-hybrid system mRNA display ...
She then spent a summer at the Hancock Biological Station on Kentucky Lake. There she discovered her passion for field work and ... In 2010, she was awarded the Stebbins' Medal for the best publication in Plant Systematics or Plant Evolution in the period ... Beginning in 1988, she served as head of the Biological Diversity of the Guiana Shield Program (BDG), and in 2015 began the ... In 2014 she won the Rolf Dahlgren Prize for her major contributions to the understanding of the systematics and evolution of ...
The biological type for the genus are those plants which de Candolle called Chione glabra. These are now included in Chione ... Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 56 (1): 21-39. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.04.002. PMID 20382247. Chione in the World ...
Issues in Biological, Biochemical, and Evolutionary Sciences Research: 2012 Edition. ScholarlyEditions. 10 January 2013. p. 621 ... Evolution, Distribution, Paleoecology. Indiana University Press. p. 238. ISBN 0-253-33721-6. United States. Congress (1971). ...
Biological Sciences. 280 (1750): 20122261. doi:10.1098/rspb.2012.2261. PMC 3574442. PMID 23118437. Haaramo, Mikko (2007). "† ... instead being a case of convergent evolution. Family †Thoracopteridae Griffith 1977 sensu Xu et al. 2012 Genus †Gigantopterus ...
Blackburn, David C. (2009). "Diversity and evolution of male secondary sexual characters in African squeakers and long-fingered ... frogs". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 96 (3): 553-573. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01138.x. Blackburn, David C.; ...
Evolution of Segmentation. 46 (3): 354-379. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2016.10.011. ISSN 1467-8039. PMID 27989966. Cong, Peiyun; Ma, ... Biological Reviews. 91 (1): 255-273. doi:10.1111/brv.12168. ISSN 1469-185X. PMID 25528950. S2CID 7751936. Ortega-Hernández, ... Collins, D. (1996). "The "Evolution" of Anomalocaris and Its Classification in the Arthropod Class Dinocarida (nov.) and Order ... Chipman, Ariel D.; Edgecombe, Gregory D. (2019-10-09). "Developing an integrated understanding of the evolution of arthropod ...
Shono, T.; Thiery, A.P.; Cooper, R. L.; Kurokawa, D.; Britz, R.; Okabe, M.; Fraser, G.J. (September 2019). "Evolution and ... Journal on New Biological Reports. 1 (2): 42-46. ISSN 2319-1104. Retrieved 6 May 2022. Easa, P.S.; Basha, C.C. (1995). "A ...
Biological Reviews. 92:1: 521-550. Tabuce, Rodolphe; Clavel, Julien; Telles Antunes, Miguel (2011-02-01). "A structural ... new insight into the neurosensory system and evolution of early placental mammals". Wiley Online Library. Halliday, Thomas J. D ...
Bossi, J.; Ortiz, A.; Perea, D. (2009). "Pliocene to middle Pleistocene in Uruguay: A model of climate evolution". Quaternary ... Biological Sciences. 275 (1646): 1957-1958. doi:10.1098/rspb.2008.0551. PMC 2596371. Engelman, Russell K. (June 2022). " ... Evolution of the Rodents: Advances in Phylogeny, Functional Morphology and Development. pp. 164-185. doi:10.1017/ ...
Biological Reviews 64(4), pp. 435-515. doi:10.1111/j.1469-185X.1989.tb00683.x González, Jorge M.; Vinson, S. Bradleigh (2007 ... Harlow, H.J.; Frank, C.L. (2001). "The role of dietary fatty acids in the evolution of spontaneous and facultative hibernation ...
"Some bills seek to discredit evolution by emphasizing so-called "flaws" in the theory of evolution or "disagreements" within ... A cornerstone of modern scientific biological theory is that all forms of life on Earth are related by common descent with ... to evolution. A number of bills require that students be taught to "critically analyze" evolution or to understand "the ... to evolution. A number of bills require that students be taught to "critically analyze" evolution or to understand "the ...
Fiegna F, Yu YT, Kadam SV, Velicer GJ (May 2006). "Evolution of an obligate social cheater to a superior cooperator". Nature. ... physico-chemical and biological properties, and mechanism of action". J. Antibiot. 48 (1): 21-5. doi:10.7164/antibiotics.48.21 ... Yu YT, Yuan X, Velicer GJ (May 2010). "Adaptive evolution of an sRNA that controls Myxococcus development". Science. 328 (5981 ... Hoshino, Y.; Gaucher, E.A. (2021). "Evolution of bacterial steroid biosynthesis and its impact on eukaryogenesis". PNAS. 118 ( ...
Morand, S; Legendre, P; Gardner, SL; Hugot, JP (1996). "Body size evolution of oxyurid (Nematoda) parasites: the role of hosts ... However, Poulin referred to parasites' increasing body size variability due to biological reasons, thus we expect an increase ... doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2000.tb00209.x. Johnson, KP; Bush, SE; Clayton, DH (2005). "Correlated evolution of host and parasite ... Morand, S; Sorci, G (1998). "Determinants of life-history evolution in nematodes". Parasitology Today. 14 (5): 193-196. doi: ...
Merfield, Charles N. (November 1999), Industrial hemp and its potential for New Zealand, The Biological Husbandry Unit (BHU) ... Evolution and Ethnobotany, University of California Press, pp. 103-123, ISBN 978-0-520-95457-1, OCLC 92796711 Dodge, Charles ...
... in which the probability of a future spike depends on the evolution of the complete system since the last spike.[1] This model ... a model with intrinsic stochasticity for biological neural nets, ...
Like all biological systems, the mind is optimised to promote survival and reproduction in the evolutionary environment. On ... In fact, "spirituality" has likewise undergone an evolution in the West, from a time when it was essentially a synonym for ... Our brains are, after all, biological objects, and the best naturalistic account of their development in nature is Darwin's ... Evans, E (May 2001). "Cognitive and contextual factors in the emergence of diverse belief systems: creation versus evolution". ...
Changizi, Mark A.; Zhang, Qiong; Shimojo, Shinsuke (2006), "Bare skin, blood and the evolution of primate colour vision", ... Candolin, Ulrika (2003). "The use of multiple cues in mate choice" (PDF). Biological Reviews. 78 (4): 575-595. doi:10.1017/ ... Candolin, Ulrika (2003). "The use of multiple cues in mate choice" (PDF). Biological Reviews. 78 (4): 575-595. doi:10.1017/ ... S2CID 84372337.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Marchetti, Karen (1998). "The evolution of ...
Graur, Dan; Pupko, Tal (2001-02-15). "The Permian Bacterium that Isn't". Molecular Biology and Evolution. Oxford Journals. 18 ( ... The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 251 (7): 2005-14. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(17)33647-5. PMID 1270419. Sára, M; Sleytr, U. B ... "Evolution in the laboratory: The genome of Halobacterium salinarum strain R1 compared to that of strain NRC-1". Genomics. 91 (4 ...
Series B: Biological Sciences. 358 (1439): 1847-1862. doi:10.1098/rstb.2003.1407. PMC 1693272. PMID 14561318. Haughton, A. J.; ... Ecology and Evolution. 10 (2): 737-747. doi:10.1002/ece3.5921. PMC 6988528. PMID 32015839. Barclay, Maxwell; Garner, Beulah (1 ... Series B: Biological Sciences. 358 (1439): 1863-1877. doi:10.1098/rstb.2003.1408. PMC 1693277. PMID 14561319. Beulah, Garner; ...
"Biological Abstracts - Journal List". Intellectual Property & Science. Clarivate Analytics. Retrieved 2019-01-06. "Master ... evolution, and the information processing sciences. It was established in 1967 as Currents in Modern Biology by Robert G. ... The journal is abstracted and indexed in: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts Biological Abstracts BIOSIS Previews CAB ...
As well as the evolution of new metabolic pathways, evolution can also cause the loss of metabolic functions. For example, in ... Series B, Biological Sciences. 293 (1063): 5-22. Bibcode:1981RSPTB.293....5B. doi:10.1098/rstb.1981.0056. PMID 6115423. Pilkis ... and opportunism in the design of metabolic pathways during evolution". Journal of Molecular Evolution. 43 (3): 293-303. Bibcode ... Pál C, Papp B, Lercher MJ, Csermely P, Oliver SG, Hurst LD (March 2006). "Chance and necessity in the evolution of minimal ...
Effinger, J. A. (1998). "Entelodontidae". In Janis, C. M.; Scott, K. M.; Jacobs, L. L. (eds.). Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of ... Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 111 (2): 425-435. Foss, S. E.; Fremd, T. J. (2001). "Biostratigraphy of ... E. Foss (2007). The Evolution of Artiodactyls. JHU Press. ISBN 9780801887352. L. K. Gabunia (1964). Бернарская фауна ...
... in which he presented his theory of natural selection and its role in biological evolution. He did not publish the full work ...
"Network thinking in ecology and evolution" (PDF). Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 20 (6): 345-353. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2005.04. ... Chemical transfer pathway between Earth's biological and non-biological parts Consumer-resource interactions Ecological network ... Post, D. M. (2002). "The long and short of food chain length" (PDF). Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 17 (6): 269-277. doi: ... ISBN 978-0-19-914195-1. Post, D. M. (1993). "The long and short of food-chain length". Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 17 (6 ...
Evolution involves more than biology. It’s an attempt to explain everything without God, including life itself and the ... biological, cultural, and future. In other words, biological evolution is only one small part of a much larger evolutionary ... Thus, while old-earthers might deny biological evolution, it would be fair to say that their belief in millions of years still ... But why think this problem is limited to biology? It is no accident that those who believe in biological evolution also believe ...
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Darwins Theory of Natural Selection Has Left a Legacy of Confusion over Biological Adaptation. Our ability to adapt to ...
Mechanisms and evolution of deceptive pollination in orchids - Volume 81 Issue 2 ... Mechanisms and evolution of deceptive pollination in orchids. Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 February 2006 ... School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South ... School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South ...
... ... "Evolution is a force that drives all of life on this planet," Nguyen Ba says. "Understanding how much we can predict about ... The findings run counter to the commonly held belief that all biological adaptation unfolds in a predictable way due to some ... The study revealed that evolution frequently samples combinations of gene mutations with negative synergy between them. This ...
Given the huge variety of biological processes, ecological and phylogenetic contexts, and species considered, grabbing a ... Uncovering the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms facilitating the evolution of developm... ... Evolution of organismal form: from regulatory interactions to developmental processes and biological patterns ... Evolution of organismal form: from regulatory interactions to developmental processes and biological patterns ...
Find out about CLOEs research on the theme of Processes that underpin the emergence of biological complexity and diversity ... Understanding the processes of evolution focuses on the mechanisms and constraints that drive the nature of evolutionary change ... The methods are giving unprecedented opportunities to understand the processes underlying biological evolution and to bridge ... Processes underpining the emergence of biological complexity and diversity. Processes underpining the emergence of biological ...
... or evolution of other organisms) contribute to a change in gene frequency over time, leading to adaptation of populations.] ... or evolution of other organisms) contribute to a change in gene frequency over time, leading to adaptation of populations.] ... or evolution of other organisms) contribute to a change in gene frequency over time, leading to adaptation of populations.] ...
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Cost evolution of biological agents for the treatment of spondyloarthritis in a tertiary hospital: influential factors in price ... Cost evolution of biological drugs in rheumatoid arthritis patients in a tertiary hospital: Influential factors on price ... To analyze and quantify the factors influencing this evolution, such as the optimization of the biological drugs, the use of ... Junio - Julio 2021 Cost evolution of biological drugs in rheumatoid arthritis patients in a tertiary... ...
  • Floral deception in orchids has been intensively studied since Darwin, but the evolution of non-rewarding flowers still presents a major puzzle for evolutionary biology. (cambridge.org)
  • Our third theme focuses on the underlying genetic, cellular and developmental mechanisms that drive and constrain evolutionary change with the ultimate aim of understanding the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of novel characteristics across the tree of life. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • In this talk I will describe an approach to these broad questions based on the use of a particular lineage of green algae which serves not only as a model for evolutionary studies, but also for biological fluid dynamics. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Since its genome details are publically available, the mosquito Aedes albopictus has become the central stage of attention for deciphering multiple biological and evolutionary aspects at the root of its success as an invasive species. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
  • Biological and Cultural factors in human evolution: Homozinization Process: Homozinization process is the evolutionary transformation of hominoids into hominids. (kupdf.net)
  • Another approach was advanced by Donald Campbell (1987), who suggested that human and scientific knowledge evolves in a manner similar to biological systems, in what is now called "evolutionary epistemology. (emergentpublications.com)
  • We reject the arguments by evolutionary epistemologists that scientific knowledge evolves along the processes of natural selection, and that the more complex the structure of knowledge the more active these processes will become, so that the road from single-cell bacteria to complex biological systems is an upward march in evolutionary processes. (emergentpublications.com)
  • The master's program in Biological Sciences with a concentration in Ecology and Evolution, offered by the Department of Biological Sciences , offers students training in the pursuit of rigorous scientific investigation with an emphasis on ecological and evolutionary processes. (sjsu.edu)
  • After an extended critique of selectionism, Reid constructs an emergence theory of evolution, first examining the evidence in three causal arenas of emergent evolution: symbiosis/association, evolutionary physiology/behavior, and developmental evolution. (pdf-drive.com)
  • Finally, Reid proposes a biological synthesis of rapid emergent evolutionary phases and the prolonged, dynamically stable, non-evolutionary phases imposed by natural selection. (pdf-drive.com)
  • A set of maximum likelihood statistical methods for inferring historical evolutionary processes and anticipating the wealth of information becoming available to biological scientists from genetic studies that pin down relationships among organisms with unprecedented accuracy are described. (semanticscholar.org)
  • The inability of evolutionary processes to retrace the same path makes it highly unlikely that the same biological and biochemical designs should repeatedly appear throughout nature. (reasons.org)
  • The spread of H5N1 and viruses remain in evolutionary stasis, showing minimal its likely reintroduction to domestic poultry increase the evolution at the amino acid level over extended periods. (cdc.gov)
  • While you're checking out Evolution News & Views you might want to read a fascinating article by Richard Weikart defending his books From Darwin to Hitler: Evolutionary Ethics, Eugenics, and Racism in Germany and Hitler's Ethic: The Nazi Pursuit of Evolutionary Progress [ Robert J. Richards and the Historical Record ]. (blogspot.com)
  • Uncovering the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms facilitating the evolution of developmental processes at molecular, cellular and tissular levels (evolvability). (frontiersin.org)
  • The methods are giving unprecedented opportunities to understand the processes underlying biological evolution and to bridge traditionally disparate fields of biology. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • The objective of this multi-disciplinary effort is to gain a fundamental new understanding of the biological, chemical, and physical characteristics, variability, and processes affecting organism community structure (from microbes to megafauna) in deep-sea vent systems. (whoi.edu)
  • These processes also have non-biological counterparts, such as the spread of rumours or computer viruses, artificial life, evolution of language etc. (warwick.ac.uk)
  • Ueda and his team suggest that ABCA1 allowed vertebrates to evolve complicated biological processes and sophisticated bodies. (vectorsjournal.org)
  • Some of our body's most basic biological processes are triggered by the rising and setting of the sun. (duxiana.com)
  • The interplay of these biological processes and their respective contributions to tumour evolution remain unknown. (bvsalud.org)
  • It's a lot of biological processes that play out over time. (medlineplus.gov)
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  • These include high-throughput synthetic biology - designing new biological systems or changing existing ones for research purposes - and a desk-sized robot that can process numerous biological samples. (utoronto.ca)
  • Dr. Chiang a respected biologist with over 30 years experience in teaching university level biology courses and conducting publishable biological research. (custance.org)
  • All applicants should have a bachelor's degree in biology, chemistry, mathematics or other courses of study that provide an appropriate background for advanced training in ecology and evolution. (mastersportal.com)
  • Students studying for a degree in Biological Sciences can opt for a general curriculum (BLS) or can choose to focus in a particular area by selecting one of four areas of concentration: Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (MCD), Integrative Physiology and Neurobiology (IPN), Human Biology (HB), or Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology (EEC). (ncsu.edu)
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  • Molecular biology and biochemical articles demonstrating design theory application or failed support for biological evolution. (blueprintsforliving.com)
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  • The Department of Biological Sciences at Lehigh University invites applications for a tenure track position at the level of Assistant Professor in the area of Cell Biology, broadly defined. (lehigh.edu)
  • In: Biological handbooks: Biology data book, Volume III, second edition. (cdc.gov)
  • In addition, applicants must submit to the Graduate Coordinator for the Department of Biological Sciences a 1-2 page personal statement that includes the following sections: an explanation of why the student wants to earn an MA or MS, their long-term goals and how will the degree help facilitate those goals, the names of up to three tenure-track faculty members whose research interests them, and two letters of recommendation. (sjsu.edu)
  • Applicants must also be accepted by a tenured or tenure-track faculty member in the Department of Biological Sciences prior to acceptance by the program. (sjsu.edu)
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  • The study of human evolution often seems to rely on scenarios and received wisdom rather than theory and methodology, with each new fossil or molecular analysis interpreted as supporting evidence for the presumed lineage of human ancestry. (mit.edu)
  • Molecular Phylogeny Proves Evolution is False. (blueprintsforliving.com)
  • To understand molecular evolution and gene regulation on the scale of complete genomes and biological systems. (evocellnet.com)
  • The relatively new techniques of molecular phylogenetics have also shed light on some aspects of mammalian evolution by estimating the timing of important divergence points for modern species. (privacytools.io)
  • He suggests that what causes innovative variation causes evolution, and that these phenomena are environmental as well as organismal. (pdf-drive.com)
  • Wright touches on aliens, the simulated-universe hypothesis and biological and cultural evolution while answering his headline: "yes. (scientificamerican.com)
  • At Biological Sciences - Applied Ecology or Applied Evolution from Stony Brook University the plan of study is individually tailored within the course offerings and other internship or research opportunities to match the student's personal goals. (mastersportal.com)
  • At Biological Sciences - Applied Ecology or Applied Evolution from Stony Brook University core courses provide training in statistics and ecology or evolution. (mastersportal.com)
  • There are five different avenues to earning a B.S. in Biological Sciences at NC State. (ncsu.edu)
  • Almost four decades of research have led scientists at Japan's Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS) to propose that a family of transporter proteins has played an important role in species evolution. (vectorsjournal.org)
  • Be sure to designate 'Biological Sciences' as the recipient! (lehigh.edu)
  • To analyze and quantify the factors influencing this evolution, such as the optimization of the biological drugs, the use of biosimilars, and official discounts and discounts obtained after negotiated procedures. (reumatologiaclinica.org)
  • Hypotheses or conjectures compete for survival through a process of natural selection, with the criteria for rejection of theories being the equivalent of the factors in natural selection, which eliminate some biological species in favor of others. (emergentpublications.com)
  • We are assessing, through an integrated program, the factors responsible for biological community structure at hydrothermal vents in the area between 9°49.61' and 9°50.36'N (known as the Biologic-Geologic Transect) along the crest of the East Pacific Rise (EPR). (whoi.edu)
  • Our approach builds upon the extensive data sets obtained at these sites over the past decade and proposes a series of in situ measurements, sampling regimes and manipulative experiments conducted using DSV Alvin to gain a more detailed understanding of factors controlling biological community structure in these hydrothermal ecosystems. (whoi.edu)
  • There has progressively been increased recognition of the need to address behavioural, lifestyle (harmful cultural practices) and other underlying socioeconomic, physical and biological factors, referred to here as the broad determinants of health, so as to improve health. (who.int)
  • The first step in the diagnosis of CD is a comprehensive and standardized anamnesis that covers the clinical evolution of the dermatitis and all possible etiological factors ( Box 1 ). (medscape.com)
  • In Biological Emergences, Robert Reid argues that natural selection is not the cause of evolution. (pdf-drive.com)
  • Other important research characteristics include the evolution of the middle ear bones , erect limb posture, a bony secondary palate , fur , hair, and warm-bloodedness . (privacytools.io)
  • Considering the importance of knowing the compatibility of these materials, several studies using implants on conjunctive tissues of rats have been carried out aiming to evaluate the biological characteristics of the endodontic sealers 6-8,10,12,18,23,26,28-30 . (bvsalud.org)
  • The impossibility of performing one or more of these functions leads to a transient or permanent oral inability, whose degree, extent and evolution vary from individual to individual, according to time, clinical characteristics, therapeutic possibilities and social inclusion [4]. (bvsalud.org)
  • Name the species and explain how humans have caused the evolution of the species. (superior-papers.com)
  • The text addresses the major questions that concern biological anthropologists: What are humans? (who.int)
  • No person should be indoctrinated into believing either evolution or six-day creationism, but every person should be fully aware of the uncontested facts before they commit to a particular theory. (custance.org)
  • ABSTRACT Understanding the genetic evolution of A(H1N1)pdm09 and H3N2 viruses can help better select strains to be included in the annual influenza vaccine. (who.int)
  • A Bayesian method for investigating correlated evolution of discrete binary traits on phylogenetic trees is described and the question of whether mating system and advertisement of estrus by females have coevolved in the Old World monkeys and great apes is illustrated. (semanticscholar.org)
  • Here we show that intratumour genetic ancestry only infrequently affects gene expression traits and subclonal evolution in colorectal cancer (CRC). (bvsalud.org)
  • Introduction to the principles of evolution, ecology, and behavior. (ohio.edu)
  • The term is applied to include all those aspects of structural and behavior changes that occurred in the hominid line finally leading to evolution of man. (kupdf.net)
  • Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on using data to provide evidence for how specific biotic and abiotic differences in ecosystems (such as ranges of seasonal temperature, long-term climate change, acidity, light, geographic barriers, or evolution of other organisms) contribute to a change in gene frequency over time, leading to adaptation of populations. (nextgenscience.org)
  • It is deeply ingrained in the living organisms that have survived extinction through billions of years of evolution. (wallstreetwindow.com)
  • All organisms affect the evolution of the other organisms in their biological community. (superior-papers.com)
  • The unique synonymous mutations detected in the E and Non-structural 2a genes of Usutu-BONN strains may suggest an adaptive evolution. (cdc.gov)
  • With the assistance of their faculty advisors, students can design a minor reflecting their interest in any of the subfields of anthropology: socio/cultural, biological/physical, archaeological, applied and policy-related studies. (syr.edu)
  • Utilizing archaeological, linguistic and biological evidence, Peter Bellwood traces the journeys of the earliest hunter-gatherer and agriculturalist migrants as critical elements in the evolution of human lifeways. (ellibs.com)
  • The advent of artificial neural networks, which has benefited from the remarkable success of the brain's ability to decide and learn, is attempting to transform human society through machine-based representations that mimic patterns of biological neural activity. (analyticsvidhya.com)
  • At U of T Mississauga's annb lab , Nguyen Ba and his team of researchers explore genetic mutations in cells and their impact on evolution using next-generation technologies. (utoronto.ca)
  • This co-evolution has resulted in extensive genetic divergence among the extant viruses currently available for analysis. (cdc.gov)
  • There is little information on their evolution in Jordan so this study investigated the genetic and antigenic variability of A(H1N1)pdm09 and H3N2 viruses in Jordan by performing phylogenetic and genetic analyses of the HA and NA genes of A(H1N1)pdm09 and H3N2 viruses between 2011 and 2013. (who.int)
  • This book lays out the current biological evidence for and against evolution in a non-confrontational, easy to understand way. (custance.org)
  • We found evidence that resistance to population-level host immunity has increasingly shaped SARS-CoV-2 evolution over time. (cdc.gov)
  • The study revealed that evolution frequently samples combinations of gene mutations with negative synergy between them. (utoronto.ca)
  • Peu de renseignements sont disponibles sur les mutations des virus saisonniers de la grippe A(H1N1)pdm09 et H3N2 en Jordanie. (who.int)
  • Les mutations individuelles sont décrites en détail. (who.int)
  • In GO analysis, two and five unique GO terms, only found in N. parkeri and X. laevis, respectively, indicate advantageous mutations during species evolution. (who.int)
  • If biological systems are the product of evolution, then the same biological systems should not recur throughout nature. (reasons.org)
  • Král's laboratory studies how biological systems, like tiny flagella that move bacteria, offer clues for building motors, motile systems and other nanoscale devices in a hybrid environment that combines biological and inorganic chemistry. (phys.org)
  • The 21st century will be about hybrid biological and artificial nanoscale systems and their mutual co-evolution," Král predicts. (phys.org)
  • I recently posted about my interest in the effect of mutation in biological systems so I am interested in this meme. (evocellnet.com)
  • These constraints should also be reflected at higher levels of organization in biological systems, such as biochemical pathways. (evocellnet.com)
  • Integrating information across these levels of organization is critical for understanding the evolution of biological systems. (evocellnet.com)
  • Chance governs biological and biochemical evolution at its most fundamental level. (reasons.org)
  • The aspects of the asymmetry include, of course, ALSO genes' expressions, the total asymmetry being the product of specific evolution of the human cerebral cortex. (universe-life.com)
  • Indeed, Stiegler declared that human beings have progressed through technology, not through gradual biological evolution. (digicult.it)
  • View cart "EBOOK - PDF - A Christian's Guide To Defeating Evolution: A Biological Approach to Understanding Evolution" has been added to your cart. (custance.org)
  • And as we shall see, leading evolutionist sources themselves often use the term 'evolution' to refer to much more than a biological theory of common descent. (creation.com)
  • A theory of pragmatic information and its application to the quasi-species model of biological evolution. (bvsalud.org)
  • I had gained the impression that Pope Benedict was more conservative than his predecessor (who stated evolution was "more than just a theory"), but this throws that idea out the window. (wordpress.com)
  • We are still waiting for a genuine mechanism for evolution to be discovered so that the theory makes sense. (blueprintsforliving.com)
  • This text is an introduction to the field of biological anthropology (also known as physical anthropology), the science concerned with human biological evolution and variation. (who.int)
  • Role of domestic ducks in the propagation and biological evolution of highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza viruses in Asia. (medscape.com)
  • Influenza A viruses are hosted by numerous avian and mammalian species, which have shaped their evolution into distinct lineages worldwide. (cdc.gov)
  • Dr. Dugan completed her training on influenza virology and the evolution of pandemic and avian influenza viruses, including the 1918 and 2009 H1N1 pandemic viruses, at the Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH. (cdc.gov)
  • Are analyses of human evolution biological? (mit.edu)
  • Afin de remédier à ce problème et d'étudier les variations génétiques et antigéniques des virus A(H1N1)pdm09 et H3N2, nous avons procédé à des analyses génétiques et phylogénétiques des gènes de l'hémagglutinine (HA) et de la neuraminidase (NA) de ces virus, sur la période 2011-2013 en Jordanie. (who.int)
  • The findings run counter to the commonly held belief that all biological adaptation unfolds in a predictable way due to some unknown biological law. (utoronto.ca)
  • Description:Natural selection is commonly interpreted as the fundamental mechanism of evolution. (pdf-drive.com)
  • Aggregating data from thousands of published studies into a single dataset enables scientists, students, and conservationists around the world to access fundamental biological data. (lpzoo.org)
  • The database, funded by the National Science Foundation, provides researchers, conservation managers, educators, and the public with access to a wealth of fundamental biological data. (lpzoo.org)
  • However, in referring to abiogenesis as 'evolution', creationists are generally not confusing the proposition that life had a naturalistic origin with the proposition that all life is related by common descent. (creation.com)
  • These features make FluGenome unique in its ability to automatically detect genotype differences attributable to reassortment events in influenza A virus evolution. (cdc.gov)
  • Most importantly, study of the influenza genomic structure, namely genotyping, could reveal mechanisms of virus evolution, spread and disease pathogenesis. (cdc.gov)
  • Dr. Dugan was an assistant professor of viral genomics at the J. Craig Venter Institute from 2010 to 2012, where she focused on influenza and vector-borne viral genomics, viral evolution and synthetic influenza vaccine development. (cdc.gov)
  • Ecology, epidemiology and evolution have wide-ranging implications for modern society, and mathematics can be used to help understand the complex interaction and range of spatial and temporal scales involved. (warwick.ac.uk)
  • We tested the importance of features comprising epidemiology, evolution, immunology, and neural network-based protein sequence modeling. (cdc.gov)
  • They are responsible for approximately half of all photosynthesis on the planet and drive the 'biological pump', which transfers organic carbon from the surface to the deep ocean. (us-ocb.org)
  • Culture and Hominization Process: Each stage of hominid organic evolution seems to have been accompanied by the major advances in cultural evolution. (kupdf.net)
  • A list was presented of organic agents, from pesticides to solvents, that have had biological index values recommended by European countries and the World Health Organization. (cdc.gov)
  • Our research suggests it played a more important role in vertebrates, accelerating their evolution. (vectorsjournal.org)
  • Although it has been known since the late 1980s that the disease was caused by the consumption of illicitly refined rapeseed oil, it has been obvious for many years that a concerted scientific effort was needed to precisely identify the agent(s) responsible for the outbreak and to assess the pathogenesis and clinical evolution of the condition. (who.int)
  • Although many questions remain to be answered and no animal model for TOS has been identified, much knowledge has now been gained on the biological properties of chemicals found in the adulterated oil, on the pathogenesis of the disease and on the conditions by which the illegal refining might have produced toxic compounds. (who.int)
  • Many evolutionists believe that since evolution explains the origin of morality -- as Darwin himself argued -- then there is no objective morality. (blogspot.com)
  • Wright, JA & Pickett, CJ 2014, Mechanistic Aspects of Biological Hydrogen Evolution and Uptake . (uea.ac.uk)
  • I believe there are two types of evolution: biological evolution and cultural evolution. (jacob-robinson.com)
  • Not only that, but also that cultural evolution is much more important to the current state of humanity. (jacob-robinson.com)
  • Cultural evolution can be defined as the development of societies over time based on the stories and traditions taught from one generation to the next. (jacob-robinson.com)
  • Given our current political climate, and the crucial decisions that lie in our near future, tied with the fast pace of cultural evolution… some big changes are about to occur, for better or for worse. (jacob-robinson.com)
  • Because stone tools are relatively indestructible, much of theearly cultural evolution is represented by the evolution of tool industries. (kupdf.net)
  • In order to fully answer this question, consider issues of cultural innovation and cultural evolution. (topstudyhelp.com)
  • Our biological self always lags behind our cultural self. (unz.com)
  • More study of the human genome has revealed the existence of a massive library of digitally coded information in the 'junk DNA' left over from millions of years of evolution! (blueprintsforliving.com)
  • Biological exposure index as a complement to the TLV. (cdc.gov)
  • Advantages of biological monitoring in the assessment of human exposure to chemicals in the workplace have been recognized by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). (cdc.gov)
  • In 1982, the ACGIH established a committee to develop documentation and recommendations for biological exposure indexes (BEIs) that could be used with threshold limit values (TLVs) for better protection of worker health. (cdc.gov)
  • Threshold limit values for chemical substances and physical agents and biological exposure indices for 1995-1996. (cdc.gov)
  • Thus, these materials must have appropriate physical and biological properties, providing conditions for repair to occur. (bvsalud.org)
  • Thus, these materials should present physical and biological properties, providing conditions for the occurrence of the repair 9,10,18,19 . (bvsalud.org)
  • The mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) sealer has been the subject of a series of experimental studies analyzing both their physical-chemical and biological properties with good clinical and laboratorial results 2,4,11,14,16,20,22,25,29 . (bvsalud.org)
  • With the discovery that DNA possesses duplicate strands hiding a coded message, many thought that the mechanism of biological evolution would be proven through the inheritance of this molecule from generation to generation. (blueprintsforliving.com)
  • Since the size of the head as a whole should not keep getting larger beyond the limits allowed by the process of birth, there was a strong adaptive pressure to shorten the snout and reduce the size of the face to make room for cranial expansion in the course of human evolution. (kupdf.net)
  • The goal is to encourage a more multifaceted intellectual environment for the understanding of human evolution. (mit.edu)
  • 2 Or, consider the hostile witness of arch-anticreationist Dr Eugenie Scott who, although she wants to keep evolution and the origin of life "conceptually separate", 3 nevertheless permits herself to speak about life itself evolving and admits, "Evolution involves far more than just human beings and, for that matter, far more than just living things. (creation.com)
  • Robert Wright (left), shown here with John Horgan on Wright's online show Blogginghead.tv , contends that evolution could have a "higher purpose," perhaps of divine origin. (scientificamerican.com)
  • Status quo or evolution: What next for the intersessional process of the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention? (thebulletin.org)
  • Its roots are deep in our core psychological and biological being, and it is one of our most intimate feelings. (wallstreetwindow.com)
  • The expression Oral Health (OH) can be conceptualized as a set of biological and psychological conditions that enable the human being to perform functions like chewing, swallowing and speaking. (bvsalud.org)

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