Biodegradation environmental. Medical search

Elimination of ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; PESTICIDES and other waste using living organisms, usually involving intervention of environmental or sanitation engineers.

Substances which pollute the soil. Use for soil pollutants in general or for which there is no specific heading.

The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in the soil. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.

Naturally occurring complex liquid hydrocarbons which, after distillation, yield combustible fuels, petrochemicals, and lubricants.

Chemical compounds which pollute the water of rivers, streams, lakes, the sea, reservoirs, or other bodies of water.

Phenols substituted with one or more chlorine atoms in any position.

The generic name for the group of aliphatic hydrocarbons Cn-H2n+2. They are denoted by the suffix -ane. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.

Refuse liquid or waste matter carried off by sewers.

The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in water. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.

An antiseptic and disinfectant aromatic alcohol.

Complex petroleum hydrocarbons consisting mainly of residues from crude oil distillation. These liquid products include heating oils, stove oils, and furnace oils and are burned to generate energy.

A widely used industrial solvent.

A greasy substance with a smoky odor and burned taste created by high temperature treatment of BEECH and other WOOD; COAL TAR; or resin of the CREOSOTE BUSH. It contains CRESOLS and POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS which are CARCINOGENS. It has been widely used as wood preservative and in PESTICIDES and had former use medicinally in DISINFECTANTS; LAXATIVES; and DERMATOLOGIC AGENTS.

A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria widely distributed in nature. Some species are pathogenic for humans, animals, and plants.

A bacterial genus of the order ACTINOMYCETALES.

The chemical alteration of an exogenous substance by or in a biological system. The alteration may inactivate the compound or it may result in the production of an active metabolite of an inactive parent compound. The alterations may be divided into METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE I and METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE II.

A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria characterized by an outer membrane that contains glycosphingolipids but lacks lipopolysaccharide. They have the ability to degrade a broad range of substituted aromatic compounds.

Benzoic acid or benzoic acid esters substituted with one or more chlorine atoms.

Adverse effect upon bodies of water (LAKES; RIVERS; seas; groundwater etc.) caused by CHEMICAL WATER POLLUTANTS.

Organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen in the form of an unsaturated, usually hexagonal ring structure. The compounds can be single ring, or double, triple, or multiple fused rings.

A genus of GREEN ALGAE in the family Scenedesmaceae. It forms colonies of usually four or eight cylindrical cells that are widely distributed in freshwater and SOIL.

A highly volatile inhalation anesthetic used mainly in short surgical procedures where light anesthesia with good analgesia is required. It is also used as an industrial solvent. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the vapor can lead to cardiotoxicity and neurological impairment.

An insecticide and herbicide that has also been used as a wood preservative. Pentachlorphenol is a widespread environmental pollutant. Both chronic and acute pentachlorophenol poisoning are medical concerns. The range of its biological actions is still being actively explored, but it is clearly a potent enzyme inhibitor and has been used as such as an experimental tool.

Substances or organisms which pollute the water or bodies of water. Use for water pollutants in general or those for which there is no specific heading.

Toxic chlorinated unsaturated hydrocarbons. Include both the 1,1- and 1,2-dichloro isomers. Both isomers are toxic, but 1,1-dichloroethylene is the more potent CNS depressant and hepatotoxin. It is used in the manufacture of thermoplastic polymers.

Agents that modify interfacial tension of water; usually substances that have one lipophilic and one hydrophilic group in the molecule; includes soaps, detergents, emulsifiers, dispersing and wetting agents, and several groups of antiseptics.

A genus in the family BURKHOLDERIACEAE, comprised of many species. They are associated with a variety of infections including MENINGITIS; PERITONITIS; and URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS.

Toxic, volatile, flammable liquid hydrocarbon byproduct of coal distillation. It is used as an industrial solvent in paints, varnishes, lacquer thinners, gasoline, etc. Benzene causes central nervous system damage acutely and bone marrow damage chronically and is carcinogenic. It was formerly used as parasiticide.

Life or metabolic reactions occurring in an environment containing oxygen.

A gas that has been used as an aerosol propellant and is the starting material for polyvinyl resins. Toxicity studies have shown various adverse effects, particularly the occurrence of liver neoplasms.

An organochlorine insecticide that has been used as a pediculicide and a scabicide. It has been shown to cause cancer.

Substances or energies, for example heat or light, which when introduced into the air, water, or land threaten life or health of individuals or ECOSYSTEMS.

The complete absence, or (loosely) the paucity, of gaseous or dissolved elemental oxygen in a given place or environment. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

An herbicide with irritant effects on the eye and the gastrointestinal system.

The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

A family of bracket fungi, order POLYPORALES, living in decaying plant matter and timber.

Non-heme iron-containing enzymes that incorporate two atoms of OXYGEN into the substrate. They are important in biosynthesis of FLAVONOIDS; GIBBERELLINS; and HYOSCYAMINE; and for degradation of AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS.

Benzene derivatives that include one or more hydroxyl groups attached to the ring structure.

A saturated 12-carbon fatty alcohol obtained from coconut oil fatty acids. It has a floral odor and is used in detergents, lubricating oils, and pharmaceuticals. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

Discarded animal and vegetable matter from a kitchen or the refuse from food preparation. (From Random House College Dictionary, 1982)

A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria isolated from soil and water as well as clinical specimens. Occasionally it is an opportunistic pathogen.

Volative flammable fuel (liquid hydrocarbons) derived from crude petroleum by processes such as distillation reforming, polymerization, etc.

A family of isomeric, colorless aromatic hydrocarbon liquids, that contain the general formula C6H4(CH3)2. They are produced by the destructive distillation of coal or by the catalytic reforming of petroleum naphthenic fractions. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

An effective soil fumigant, insecticide, and nematocide. In humans, it causes severe burning of skin and irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract. Prolonged inhalation may cause liver necrosis. It is also used in gasoline. Members of this group have caused liver and lung cancers in rodents. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), 1,2-dibromoethane may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen.

Water containing no significant amounts of salts, such as water from RIVERS and LAKES.

A derivative of acetic acid, N(CH2COOH)3. It is a complexing (sequestering) agent that forms stable complexes with Zn2+. (From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed.)

A genus of asporogenous bacteria isolated from soil that displays a distinctive rod-coccus growth cycle.

The sodium salt of BENZOIC ACID. It is used as an antifungal preservative in pharmaceutical preparations and foods. It may also be used as a test for liver function.

Worthless, damaged, defective, superfluous or effluent material from industrial operations.

Salts and esters of the 10-carbon monocarboxylic acid-decanoic acid.

A phylum of fungi that produce their sexual spores (basidiospores) on the outside of the basidium. It includes forms commonly known as mushrooms, boletes, puffballs, earthstars, stinkhorns, bird's-nest fungi, jelly fungi, bracket or shelf fungi, and rust and smut fungi.

Eight-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.

A group of different species of microorganisms that act together as a community.

A copper-containing oxidoreductase enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of 4-benzenediol to 4-benzosemiquinone. It also has activity towards a variety of O-quinols and P-quinols. It primarily found in FUNGI and is involved in LIGNIN degradation, pigment biosynthesis and detoxification of lignin-derived products.

Constituent of 30S subunit prokaryotic ribosomes containing 1600 nucleotides and 21 proteins. 16S rRNA is involved in initiation of polypeptide synthesis.

Toxic, chlorinated, saturated hydrocarbons. Include both the 1,1- and 1,2-dichloro isomers. The latter is considerably more toxic. It has a sweet taste, ethereal odor and has been used as a fumigant and intoxicant among sniffers. Has many household and industrial uses.

Oxidases that specifically introduce DIOXYGEN-derived oxygen atoms into a variety of organic molecules.

Organic polymeric materials which can be broken down by naturally occurring processes. This includes plastics created from bio-based or petrochemical-based materials.

A group of 1,2-benzenediols that contain the general formula R-C6H5O2.

A 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, which is an explosive chemical that can cause skin irritation and other toxic consequences.

Two-ring crystalline hydrocarbons isolated from coal tar. They are used as intermediates in chemical synthesis, as insect repellents, fungicides, lubricants, preservatives, and, formerly, as topical antiseptics.

A major group of unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons containing two or more rings. The vast number of compounds of this important group, derived chiefly from petroleum and coal tar, are rather highly reactive and chemically versatile. The name is due to the strong and not unpleasant odor characteristic of most substances of this nature. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p96)

The discarding or destroying of liquid waste products or their transformation into something useful or innocuous.

The discarding or destroying of garbage, sewage, or other waste matter or its transformation into something useful or innocuous.

A microanalytical technique combining mass spectrometry and gas chromatography for the qualitative as well as quantitative determinations of compounds.

A genus of fungi in the family Corticiaceae, order Stereales, that degrades lignin. The white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium is a frequently used species in research.

Benzoic acid or benzoic acid esters substituted with one or more bromine atoms.

Tools or devices for generating products using the synthetic or chemical conversion capacity of a biological system. They can be classical fermentors, cell culture perfusion systems, or enzyme bioreactors. For production of proteins or enzymes, recombinant microorganisms such as bacteria, mammalian cells, or insect or plant cells are usually chosen.

Body of knowledge related to the use of organisms, cells or cell-derived constituents for the purpose of developing products which are technically, scientifically and clinically useful. Alteration of biologic function at the molecular level (i.e., GENETIC ENGINEERING) is a central focus; laboratory methods used include TRANSFECTION and CLONING technologies, sequence and structure analysis algorithms, computer databases, and gene and protein structure function analysis and prediction.

A class in the phylum PROTEOBACTERIA comprised of chemoheterotrophs and chemoautotrophs which derive nutrients from decomposition of organic material.

Release of oil into the environment usually due to human activity.

Implants constructed of materials designed to be absorbed by the body without producing an immune response. They are usually composed of plastics and are frequently used in orthopedics and orthodontics.

The salinated water of OCEANS AND SEAS that provides habitat for marine organisms.

A family of gram-negative, asporogenous rods or ovoid cells, aerobic or facultative anaerobic chemoorganotrophs. They are commonly isolated from SOIL, activated sludge, or marine environments.

A hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent. It has been used as an aerosal propellent, as a refrigerant and as a local anesthetic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p1403)

A genus of the family BRUCELLACEAE comprising obligately aerobic gram-negative rods with parallel sides and rounded ends.

A species of gram-negative bacteria in the genus PSEUDOMONAS. It cannot utilize FRUCTOSE; GLUCOSE; or MALTOSE for energy.

A kingdom of eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that live parasitically as saprobes, including MUSHROOMS; YEASTS; smuts, molds, etc. They reproduce either sexually or asexually, and have life cycles that range from simple to complex. Filamentous fungi, commonly known as molds, refer to those that grow as multicellular colonies.

A genus of basidiomycetous fungi, family POLYPORACEAE, order POLYPORALES, that grows on logs or tree stumps in shelflike layers. The species P. ostreatus, the oyster mushroom, is a choice edible species and is the most frequently encountered member of the genus in eastern North America. (Alexopoulos et al., Introductory Mycology, 4th ed, p531)

Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.

A mass of organic or inorganic solid fragmented material, or the solid fragment itself, that comes from the weathering of rock and is carried by, suspended in, or dropped by air, water, or ice. It refers also to a mass that is accumulated by any other natural agent and that forms in layers on the earth's surface, such as sand, gravel, silt, mud, fill, or loess. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1689)

A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).

Substances that are energetically unstable and can produce a sudden expansion of the material, called an explosion, which is accompanied by heat, pressure and noise. Other things which have been described as explosive that are not included here are explosive action of laser heating, human performance, sudden epidemiological outbreaks, or fast cell growth.

DNA sequences encoding RIBOSOMAL RNA and the segments of DNA separating the individual ribosomal RNA genes, referred to as RIBOSOMAL SPACER DNA.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

The unconsolidated mineral or organic matter on the surface of the earth that serves as a natural medium for the growth of land plants.

A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria. Organisms in this genus had originally been classified as members of the PSEUDOMONAS genus but overwhelming biochemical and chemical findings indicated the need to separate them from other Pseudomonas species, and hence, this new genus was created.

Total mass of all the organisms of a given type and/or in a given area. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990) It includes the yield of vegetative mass produced from any given crop.

Partially saturated 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene compounds.

Derivatives of adipic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a 1,6-carboxy terminated aliphatic structure.

Pesticides used to destroy unwanted vegetation, especially various types of weeds, grasses (POACEAE), and woody plants. Some plants develop HERBICIDE RESISTANCE.

A genus of gram-positive BACTERIA in the family Gordoniaceae, isolated from soil and from sputa of patients with chest disorders. It is also used for biotransformation of natural products.

Drugs and their metabolites which are found in the edible tissues and milk of animals after their medication with specific drugs. This term can also apply to drugs found in adipose tissue of humans after drug treatment.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

A selective triazine herbicide. Inhalation hazard is low and there are no apparent skin manifestations or other toxicity in humans. Acutely poisoned sheep and cattle may show muscular spasms, fasciculations, stiff gait, increased respiratory rates, adrenal degeneration, and congestion of the lungs, liver, and kidneys. (From The Merck Index, 11th ed)

Industrial chemicals which have become widespread environmental pollutants. Each aroclor is a mixture of chlorinated biphenyls (1200 series) or chlorinated terphenyls (5400 series) or a combination of both (4400 series).

Complex sets of enzymatic reactions connected to each other via their product and substrate metabolites.

A broad class of substances containing carbon and its derivatives. Many of these chemicals will frequently contain hydrogen with or without oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and other elements. They exist in either carbon chain or carbon ring form.

Tricyclic ethylene-bridged naphthalene derivatives. They are found in petroleum residues and coal tar and used as dye intermediates, in the manufacture of plastics, and in insecticides and fungicides.

A genus of fungi in the family Coriolaceae.

Industrial products consisting of a mixture of chlorinated biphenyl congeners and isomers. These compounds are highly lipophilic and tend to accumulate in fat stores of animals. Many of these compounds are considered toxic and potential environmental pollutants.

The extraction and recovery of usable or valuable material from scrap or other discarded materials. (from McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed.)

A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.

A family of gram-negative aerobic bacteria in the class BETA PROTEOBACTERIA, encompassing the acidovorans rRNA complex. Some species are pathogenic for PLANTS.

Heterocyclic rings containing three nitrogen atoms, commonly in 1,2,4 or 1,3,5 or 2,4,6 formats. Some are used as HERBICIDES.

A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria found in wet soil containing decaying organic material and in water. Cells tend to be pleomorphic if grown on media containing succinate or coccoid if grown in the presence of an alcohol as the sole carbon source. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)

A group of compounds that has the general structure of a dicarboxylic acid-substituted benzene ring. The ortho-isomer is used in dye manufacture. (Dorland, 28th ed)

A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, motile bacteria that occur in water and soil. Some are common inhabitants of the intestinal tract of vertebrates. These bacteria occasionally cause opportunistic infections in humans.

Enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of a carbon-carbon bond by means other than hydrolysis or oxidation. This subclass contains the DECARBOXYLASES, the ALDEHYDE-LYASES, and the OXO-ACID-LYASES. EC 4.1.

An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of catechol to muconic acid with the use of Fe3+ as a cofactor. This enzyme was formerly characterized as EC 1.13.1.1 and EC 1.99.2.2.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.

A vinyl polymer made from ethylene. It can be branched or linear. Branched or low-density polyethylene is tough and pliable but not to the same degree as linear polyethylene. Linear or high-density polyethylene has a greater hardness and tensile strength. Polyethylene is used in a variety of products, including implants and prostheses.

The body of a fungus which is made up of HYPHAE.

Organic compounds containing the carboxy group (-COOH). This group of compounds includes amino acids and fatty acids. Carboxylic acids can be saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic.

The study of microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, algae, archaea, and viruses.

Disposal, processing, controlling, recycling, and reusing the solid, liquid, and gaseous wastes of plants, animals, humans, and other organisms. It includes control within a closed ecological system to maintain a habitable environment.

Contamination of the air, bodies of water, or land with substances that are harmful to human health and the environment.

Sulfonic acid derivatives that are substituted with an aliphatic hydrocarbon group.

Liquid water present beneath the surface of the earth.

An herbicide with strong irritant properties. Use of this compound on rice fields, orchards, sugarcane, rangeland, and other noncrop sites was terminated by the EPA in 1985. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

A nonmetallic element with atomic symbol C, atomic number 6, and atomic weight [12.0096; 12.0116]. It may occur as several different allotropes including DIAMOND; CHARCOAL; and GRAPHITE; and as SOOT from incompletely burned fuel.

A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria widely distributed in SOIL and WATER. Its organisms are also found in raw meats, MILK and other FOOD, hospital environments, and human clinical specimens. Some species are pathogenic in humans.

Hydrocarbon compounds with one or more of the hydrogens replaced by CHLORINE.

Polymers of organic acids and alcohols, with ester linkages--usually polyethylene terephthalate; can be cured into hard plastic, films or tapes, or fibers which can be woven into fabrics, meshes or velours.

Native, inorganic or fossilized organic substances having a definite chemical composition and formed by inorganic reactions. They may occur as individual crystals or may be disseminated in some other mineral or rock. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Unctuous combustible substances that are liquid or easily liquefiable on warming, and are soluble in ether but insoluble in water. Such substances, depending on their origin, are classified as animal, mineral, or vegetable oils. Depending on their behavior on heating, they are volatile or fixed. (Dorland, 28th ed)

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

Chemical substances that are foreign to the biological system. They include naturally occurring compounds, drugs, environmental agents, carcinogens, insecticides, etc.

A gram-positive organism found in dairy products, fresh and salt water, marine organisms, insects, and decaying organic matter.

Microscopy in which the object is examined directly by an electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point. The image is constructed by detecting the products of specimen interactions that are projected above the plane of the sample, such as backscattered electrons. Although SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY also scans the specimen point by point with the electron beam, the image is constructed by detecting the electrons, or their interaction products that are transmitted through the sample plane, so that is a form of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

A carbamate insecticide and parasiticide. It is a potent anticholinesterase agent belonging to the carbamate group of reversible cholinesterase inhibitors. It has a particularly low toxicity from dermal absorption and is used for control of head lice in some countries.

An organochlorine insecticide.

Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.

A copolymer of polyethylene and polypropylene ether glycol. It is a non-ionic polyol surface-active agent used medically as a fecal softener and in cattle for prevention of bloat.

The testing of materials and devices, especially those used for PROSTHESES AND IMPLANTS; SUTURES; TISSUE ADHESIVES; etc., for hardness, strength, durability, safety, efficacy, and biocompatibility.

Any of several processes in which undesirable impurities in water are removed or neutralized; for example, chlorination, filtration, primary treatment, ion exchange, and distillation. It includes treatment of WASTE WATER to provide potable and hygienic water in a controlled or closed environment as well as provision of public drinking water supplies.

The adhesion of gases, liquids, or dissolved solids onto a surface. It includes adsorptive phenomena of bacteria and viruses onto surfaces as well. ABSORPTION into the substance may follow but not necessarily.

Liquid, solid, or gaseous waste resulting from mining of radioactive ore, production of reactor fuel materials, reactor operation, processing of irradiated reactor fuels, and related operations, and from use of radioactive materials in research, industry, and medicine. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A genus of gram-negative, strictly aerobic, non-spore forming rods. Soil and water are regarded as the natural habitat. They are sometimes isolated from a hospital environment and humans.

A methylpentose whose L- isomer is found naturally in many plant glycosides and some gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharides.

Flammable, amorphous, vegetable products of secretion or disintegration, usually formed in special cavities of plants. They are generally insoluble in water and soluble in alcohol, carbon tetrachloride, ether, or volatile oils. They are fusible and have a conchoidal fracture. They are the oxidation or polymerization products of the terpenes, and are mixtures of aromatic acids and esters. Most are soft and sticky, but harden after exposure to cold. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed & Dorland, 28th ed)

Phenols substituted in any position by an amino group.

Testing for the amount of biodegradable organic material in a water sample by measuring the quantity of oxygen consumed by biodegradation of those materials over a specific time period.

The force acting on the surface of a liquid, tending to minimize the area of the surface. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Derivatives of BENZOIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxybenzene structure.

Contamination of bodies of water (such as LAKES; RIVERS; SEAS; and GROUNDWATER.)

The type species in the genus RALSTONIA. It is often found in the hospital ward as a contaminant of antiseptic and disinfectant solutions.

A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.

Compounds consisting of two or more fused ring structures.

A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacteria formerly classified as part of the genus XANTHOMONAS.

Cyclic amide of caproic acid used in manufacture of synthetic fibers of the polyamide type. Can cause local irritation.

A highly poisonous substance that was formerly used as an insecticide. The manufacture and use has been discontinued in the U.S. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

Herbaceous biennial plants and their edible bulbs, belonging to the Liliaceae.

Synthetic or natural materials, other than DRUGS, that are used to replace or repair any body TISSUES or bodily function.

The gradual destruction of a metal or alloy due to oxidation or action of a chemical agent. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Organic esters or salts of sulfonic acid derivatives containing an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical.

A selective pre- and post-emergence herbicide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

The spectrum of different living organisms inhabiting a particular region, habitat, or biotope.

A product of hard secondary xylem composed of CELLULOSE, hemicellulose, and LIGNANS, that is under the bark of trees and shrubs. It is used in construction and as a source of CHARCOAL and many other products.

The enrichment of a terrestrial or aquatic ECOSYSTEM by the addition of nutrients, especially nitrogen and phosphorus, that results in a superabundant growth of plants, ALGAE, or other primary producers. It can be a natural process or result from human activity such as agriculture runoff or sewage pollution. In aquatic ecosystems, an increase in the algae population is termed an algal bloom.

Unstable isotopes of carbon that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. C atoms with atomic weights 10, 11, and 14-16 are radioactive carbon isotopes.

Fibrous proteins secreted by INSECTS and SPIDERS. Generally, the term refers to silkworm fibroin secreted by the silk gland cells of SILKWORMS, Bombyx mori. Spider fibroins are called spidroins or dragline silk fibroins.

The first chemical element in the periodic table. It has the atomic symbol H, atomic number 1, and atomic weight [1.00784; 1.00811]. It exists, under normal conditions, as a colorless, odorless, tasteless, diatomic gas. Hydrogen ions are PROTONS. Besides the common H1 isotope, hydrogen exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM and the unstable, radioactive isotope TRITIUM.

A functional system which includes the organisms of a natural community together with their environment. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The Arctic Ocean and the lands in it and adjacent to it. It includes Point Barrow, Alaska, most of the Franklin District in Canada, two thirds of Greenland, Svalbard, Franz Josef Land, Lapland, Novaya Zemlya, and Northern Siberia. (Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p66)

A group of compounds that contain the general formula R-OCH3.

A species of gram-negative, aerobic rods formerly called Pseudomonas testosteroni. It is differentiated from other Comamonas species by its ability to assimilate testosterone and to utilize phenylacetate or maleate as carbon sources.

Any combustible hydrocarbon deposit formed from the remains of prehistoric organisms. Examples are petroleum, coal, and natural gas.

An organochlorine insecticide that is slightly irritating to the skin. (From Merck Index, 11th ed, p482)

Compounds formed by the joining of smaller, usually repeating, units linked by covalent bonds. These compounds often form large macromolecules (e.g., BIOPOLYMERS; PLASTICS).

A non-taxonomic term for unicellular microscopic algae which are found in both freshwater and marine environments. Some authors consider DIATOMS; CYANOBACTERIA; HAPTOPHYTA; and DINOFLAGELLATES as part of microalgae, even though they are not algae.

Microbial, plant, or animal cells which are immobilized by attachment to solid structures, usually a column matrix. A common use of immobilized cells is in biotechnology for the bioconversion of a substrate to a particular product. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

An organochlorine insecticide that is carcinogenic.

Aminobenzenesulfonic acids. Organic acids that are used in the manufacture of dyes and organic chemicals and as reagents.

Biological molecules that possess catalytic activity. They may occur naturally or be synthetically created. Enzymes are usually proteins, however CATALYTIC RNA and CATALYTIC DNA molecules have also been identified.

A man-made compound previously used to control termites and other insects. Even though production of heptachlor was phased out of use in the United States during the late 1980's it remains in soil and hazardous waste sites. It is clearly toxic to animals and humans but, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has determined that heptachlor is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (From ATSDR Public Heath Statement, April 1989)

A spectroscopic technique in which a range of wavelengths is presented simultaneously with an interferometer and the spectrum is mathematically derived from the pattern thus obtained.

Compounds with a benzene ring fused to a thiazole ring.

Compounds which contain the methyl radical substituted with two benzene rings. Permitted are any substituents, but ring fusion to any of the benzene rings is not allowed.

An extensive order of basidiomycetous fungi whose fruiting bodies are commonly called mushrooms.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

Complete sequence of a 184-kilobase catabolic plasmid from Sphingomonas aromaticivorans F199. (1/3156)

The complete 184,457-bp sequence of the aromatic catabolic plasmid, pNL1, from Sphingomonas aromaticivorans F199 has been determined. A total of 186 open reading frames (ORFs) are predicted to encode proteins, of which 79 are likely directly associated with catabolism or transport of aromatic compounds. Genes that encode enzymes associated with the degradation of biphenyl, naphthalene, m-xylene, and p-cresol are predicted to be distributed among 15 gene clusters. The unusual coclustering of genes associated with different pathways appears to have evolved in response to similarities in biochemical mechanisms required for the degradation of intermediates in different pathways. A putative efflux pump and several hypothetical membrane-associated proteins were identified and predicted to be involved in the transport of aromatic compounds and/or intermediates in catabolism across the cell wall. Several genes associated with integration and recombination, including two group II intron-associated maturases, were identified in the replication region, suggesting that pNL1 is able to undergo integration and excision events with the chromosome and/or other portions of the plasmid. Conjugative transfer of pNL1 to another Sphingomonas sp. was demonstrated, and genes associated with this function were found in two large clusters. Approximately one-third of the ORFs (59 of them) have no obvious homology to known genes. (+info)

Purification and characterization of gentisate 1,2-dioxygenases from Pseudomonas alcaligenes NCIB 9867 and Pseudomonas putida NCIB 9869. (2/3156)

Two 3-hydroxybenzoate-inducible gentisate 1,2-dioxygenases were purified to homogeneity from Pseudomonas alcaligenes NCIB 9867 (P25X) and Pseudomonas putida NCIB 9869 (P35X), respectively. The estimated molecular mass of the purified P25X gentisate 1, 2-dioxygenase was 154 kDa, with a subunit mass of 39 kDa. Its structure is deduced to be a tetramer. The pI of this enzyme was established to be 4.8 to 5.0. The subunit mass of P35X gentisate 1, 2-dioxygenase was 41 kDa, and this enzyme was deduced to exist as a dimer, with a native molecular mass of about 82 kDa. The pI of P35X gentisate 1,2-dioxygenase was around 4.6 to 4.8. Both of the gentisate 1,2-dioxygenases exhibited typical saturation kinetics and had apparent Kms of 92 and 143 microM for gentisate, respectively. Broad substrate specificities were exhibited towards alkyl and halogenated gentisate analogs. Both enzymes had similar kinetic turnover characteristics for gentisate, with kcat/Km values of 44.08 x 10(4) s-1 M-1 for the P25X enzyme and 39.34 x 10(4) s-1 M-1 for the P35X enzyme. Higher kcat/Km values were expressed by both enzymes against the substituted gentisates. Significant differences were observed between the N-terminal sequences of the first 23 amino acid residues of the P25X and P35X gentisate 1,2-dioxygenases. The P25X gentisate 1,2-dioxygenase was stable between pH 5.0 and 7.5, with the optimal pH around 8.0. The P35X enzyme showed a pH stability range between 7.0 and 9.0, and the optimum pH was also 8.0. The optimal temperature for both P25X and P35X gentisate 1, 2-dioxygenases was around 50 degrees C, but the P35X enzyme was more heat stable than that from P25X. Both enzymes were strongly stimulated by 0.1 mM Fe2+ but were completely inhibited by the presence of 5 mM Cu2+. Partial inhibition of both enzymes was also observed with 5 mM Mn2+, Zn2+, and EDTA. (+info)

Effect of phenylurea herbicides on soil microbial communities estimated by analysis of 16S rRNA gene fingerprints and community-level physiological profiles. (3/3156)

The effect of three phenyl urea herbicides (diuron, linuron, and chlorotoluron) on soil microbial communities was studied by using soil samples with a 10-year history of treatment. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was used for the analysis of 16S rRNA genes (16S rDNA). The degree of similarity between the 16S rDNA profiles of the communities was quantified by numerically analysing the DGGE band patterns. Similarity dendrograms showed that the microbial community structures of the herbicide-treated and nontreated soils were significantly different. Moreover, the bacterial diversity seemed to decrease in soils treated with urea herbicides, and sequence determination of several DGGE fragments showed that the most affected species in the soils treated with diuron and linuron belonged to an uncultivated bacterial group. As well as the 16S rDNA fingerprints, the substrate utilization patterns of the microbial communities were compared. Principal-component analysis performed on BIOLOG data showed that the functional abilities of the soil microbial communities were altered by the application of the herbicides. In addition, enrichment cultures of the different soils in medium with the urea herbicides as the sole carbon and nitrogen source showed that there was no difference between treated and nontreated soil in the rate of transformation of diuron and chlorotoluron but that there was a strong difference in the case of linuron. In the enrichment cultures with linuron-treated soil, linuron disappeared completely after 1 week whereas no significant transformation was observed in cultures inoculated with nontreated soil even after 4 weeks. In conclusion, this study showed that both the structure and metabolic potential of soil microbial communities were clearly affected by a long-term application of urea herbicides. (+info)

Anaerobic oxidation of o-xylene, m-xylene, and homologous alkylbenzenes by new types of sulfate-reducing bacteria. (4/3156)

Various alkylbenzenes were depleted during growth of an anaerobic, sulfate-reducing enrichment culture with crude oil as the only source of organic substrates. From this culture, two new types of mesophilic, rod-shaped sulfate-reducing bacteria, strains oXyS1 and mXyS1, were isolated with o-xylene and m-xylene, respectively, as organic substrates. Sequence analyses of 16S rRNA genes revealed that the isolates affiliated with known completely oxidizing sulfate-reducing bacteria of the delta subclass of the class Proteobacteria. Strain oXyS1 showed the highest similarities to Desulfobacterium cetonicum and Desulfosarcina variabilis (similarity values, 98.4 and 98.7%, respectively). Strain mXyS1 was less closely related to known species, the closest relative being Desulfococcus multivorans (similarity value, 86.9%). Complete mineralization of o-xylene and m-xylene was demonstrated in quantitative growth experiments. Strain oXyS1 was able to utilize toluene, o-ethyltoluene, benzoate, and o-methylbenzoate in addition to o-xylene. Strain mXyS1 oxidized toluene, m-ethyltoluene, m-isoproyltoluene, benzoate, and m-methylbenzoate in addition to m-xylene. Strain oXyS1 did not utilize m-alkyltoluenes, whereas strain mXyS1 did not utilize o-alkyltoluenes. Like the enrichment culture, both isolates grew anaerobically on crude oil with concomitant reduction of sulfate to sulfide. (+info)

Involvement of two plasmids in the degradation of carbaryl by Arthrobacter sp. strain RC100. (5/3156)

A bacterium capable of utilizing carbaryl (1-naphthyl N-methylcarbamate) as the sole carbon source was isolated from carbaryl-treated soil. This bacterium was characterized taxonomically as Arthrobacter and was designated strain RC100. RC100 hydrolyzes the N-methylcarbamate linkage to 1-naphthol, which was further metabolized via salicylate and gentisate. Strain RC100 harbored three plasmids (designated pRC1, pRC2, and pRC3). Mutants unable to degrade carbaryl arose at a high frequency after treating the culture with mitomycin C. All carbaryl-hydrolysis-deficient mutants (Cah-) lacked pRC1, and all 1-naphthol-utilization-deficient mutants (Nat-) lacked pRC2. The plasmid-free strain RC107 grew on gentisate as a carbon source. These two plasmids could be transferred to Cah- mutants or Nat- mutants by conjugation, resulting in the restoration of the Cah and Nah phenotypes. (+info)

Purification and characterization of a novel peroxidase from Geotrichum candidum dec 1 involved in decolorization of dyes. (6/3156)

A peroxidase (DyP) involved in the decolorization of dyes and produced by the fungus strain Geotrichum candidum Dec 1 was purified. DyP, a glycoprotein, is glycosylated with N-acetylglucosamine and mannose (17%) and has a molecular mass of 60 kDa and an isoelectric point (pI) of 3.8. The absorption spectrum of DyP exhibited a Soret band at 406 nm corresponding to a hemoprotein, and its Na2S2O4-reduced form revealed a peak at 556 nm that indicates the presence of a protoheme as its prosthetic group. Nine of the 21 types of dyes that were decolorized by Dec 1 cells were decolorized by DyP; in particular, anthraquinone dyes were highly decolorized. DyP also oxidized 2,6-dimethoxyphenol and guaiacol but not veratryl alcohol. The optimal temperature for DyP activity was 30 degrees C, and DyP activity was stable even after incubation at 50 degrees C for 11 h. (+info)

Decolorization and detoxification of extraction-stage effluent from chlorine bleaching of kraft pulp by Rhizopus oryzae. (7/3156)

Rhizopus oryzae, a zygomycete, was found to decolorize, dechlorinate, and detoxify bleach plant effluent at lower cosubstrate concentrations than the basidiomycetes previously investigated. With glucose at 1 g/liter, this fungus removed 92 to 95% of the color, 50% of the chemical oxygen demand, 72% of the adsorbable organic halide, and 37% of the extractable organic halide in 24 h at temperatures of 25 to 45 degrees C and a pH of 3 to 5. Even without added cosubstrate the fungus removed up to 78% of the color. Monomeric chlorinated aromatic compounds were removed almost completely, and toxicity to zebra fish was eliminated. The fungal mycelium could be immobilized in polyurethane foam and used repeatedly to treat batches of effluent. The residue after treatment was not further improved by exposure to fresh R. oryzae mycelium. (+info)

Degradation of chloronitrobenzenes by a coculture of Pseudomonas putida and a Rhodococcus sp. (8/3156)

A single microorganism able to mineralize chloronitrobenzenes (CNBs) has not been reported, and degradation of CNBs by coculture of two microbial strains was attempted. Pseudomonas putida HS12 was first isolated by analogue enrichment culture using nitrobenzene (NB) as the substrate, and this strain was observed to possess a partial reductive pathway for the degradation of NB. From high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance analyses, NB-grown cells of P. putida HS12 were found to convert 3- and 4-CNBs to the corresponding 5- and 4-chloro-2-hydroxyacetanilides, respectively, by partial reduction and subsequent acetylation. For the degradation of CNBs, Rhodococcus sp. strain HS51, which degrades 4- and 5-chloro-2-hydroxyacetanilides, was isolated and combined with P. putida HS12 to give a coculture. This coculture was confirmed to mineralize 3- and 4-CNBs in the presence of an additional carbon source. A degradation pathway for 3- and 4-CNBs by the two isolated strains was also proposed. (+info)

6 Environmental fate *6.1 Abiotic degradation. *6.2 Biodegradation. *7 Alternatives *7.1 Iminodisuccinic acid (IDS) ... EDDS exhibits a surprisingly high rate biodegradation at 83% in 20 days. Biodegradation rates also varies the different metal ... Environmental fate[edit]. Abiotic degradation[edit]. EDTA is in such widespread use that questions have been raised whether it ... Biodegradation[edit]. In many industrial wastewater treatment plants, EDTA elimination can be achieved at about 80% using ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edta

September 2011). "Biodegradation of polyester polyurethane by endophytic fungi". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 77 (17 ... a prospective environmental friendly technique of bioseparation and dewatering of domestic wastewater sludge". Environmental ... The levels of adsorption of the phenolic and PAHs were negligible with 99% biodegradation being observed in the case of benzo-α ... Li SP, Bi YL, Kong WP, Wang J, Yu HY (November 2013). "[Effects of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on environmental ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycoremediation

The environmental approach can be defined as "the exploitation of the environmental sensitivity of the dry rot fungus for its ... International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation. Volume 33 Issue 2, pp 115 - 128. Palfreyman, J. W. & Bruce, A. (1994) ... emphasis on the use of chemical fungicides Environmental - emphasis on controlling the fungus by controlling environmental ... Indeed, this environmental sensitivity may account for why it is so unsuccessful in the wild and may be used against it when ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_rot_treatment

Szewczyk, Rafał; Soboń, Adrian; Słaba, Mirosława; Długoński, Jerzy (June 2015). "Mechanism study of alachlor biodegradation by ... Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 71 (7): 3420-3426. doi:10.1128/aem.71.7.3420-3426.2005. PMC 1168971. PMID 16000744. ... Biodegradation. 65 (7): 954-960. doi:10.1016/j.ibiod.2011.07.004. Eykholt, Gerald R.; Davenport, Douglas T. (May 1998). " ... "Dechlorination of the Chloroacetanilide Herbicides Alachlor and Metolachlor by Iron Metal". Environmental Science & Technology ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paecilomyces_marquandii

Sims, Gerald K.; S (1985). "Degradation of Pyridine Derivatives in Soil". Journal of Environmental Quality. 14 (4): 580-584. ... Biodegradation. 38 (2): 107-118. doi:10.1016/S0964-8305(96)00032-7. Sims, Gerald K.; O (1992). "Riboflavin Production during ... CRC Critical Reviews in Environmental Control. 19 (4): 309-340. doi:10.1080/10643388909388372. Archived from the original (PDF ... Growth of Micrococcus luteus on Pyridine". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 58 (10): 3423-3425. doi:10.1128/AEM.58.10. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-Pyridone

Biodegradation. 63 (4): 450-455. doi:10.1016/j.ibiod.2008.12.004.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Wang, Y., Liu, ... Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987). 151 (3): 669-77. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2007.02.018. PMID 17482734. Gu, J., Han ... such as bioremediation of environmental contaminants. This is significant as its metabolic mechanisms can be utilized in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphingomonas_yanoikuyae

Cerniglia, C. E. (1992). "Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons". Biodegradation. 3 (2-3): 351-368. doi:10.1007/ ... Environmental data and emission sources analysis for Cl-PAHs reveal that the dominant process of generation is by reaction of ... Ohura, T. (2007). "Environmental Behavior, Sources, and Effects of Chlorinated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons". The ... and toxic contaminants that have been reported to occur in a wide variety of environmental and biological matrixes. Cl-PAHs ...

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C6H12O6 → 3 H2O + C6H6O3 Hydroxyquinol is a common intermediate in the biodegradation of many aromatic compounds. These ... Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B. 41 (8): 1361-1382. doi:10.1080/03601230600964159. PMID 17090498. S2CID ... Hydroxyquinol commonly occurs in nature as a biodegradation product of catechin, a natural phenol found in plants (e.g. by soil ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxyquinol

"Environmental biodegradation of polyethylene". Polym. Deg. Stab 81, 441-452 (2003). Jakubowicz, Ignacy; Yarahmadi, Nazdaneh; ... and assessment of environmental risks, in specific open environments such as soils, rivers and oceans testing of biodegradation ... Oxo-biodegradation of polymer material has been studied in depth at the Technical Research Institute of Sweden and the Swedish ... Oxo-biodegradation: There are allegations that biodegradable plastic bags may release metals, and may require a great deal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodegradable_plastic

Sims, G.K.; L.E. Sommers (1985). "Biodegradation of pyridine derivatives in soil suspensions". Environmental Toxicology and ... Biodegradation of 2-methyl, 2-ethyl, and 2-hydroxypyridine by an Arthrobacter sp. isolated from subsurface sediment. ... 2-methypyridine and 4-methypyridine are more readily degraded and exhibit less volatilization loss from environmental samples ... Like other pyridine derivatives, 2-methylpyridine is often reported as an environmental contaminant associated with facilities ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-Methylpyridine

United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 2017. Lee DW, Lee H, Lee AH, Kwon BO, Khim JS, Yim UH, et al. (March ... Also, for biodegradation to occur, there must be a microbial population with the metabolic capacity to degrade the pollutant, ... SERDP/ESTCP Environmental Remediation Technology. New York: Springer. pp. 29-53. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-84921-8_3. ISBN 978-0- ... United States Environmental Protection Agency (2012). "A Citizen's Guide to Bioremediation" (PDF). National Service Center for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioremediation

Third, low biodegradation rate. Compared to the traditional deposition way, the biodegradation for polymer has a longer ... editors, Luc Avérous, Eric Pollet (2012). Environmental silicate nano-biocomposites. London: Springer. ISBN 978-1-4471-4108-2. ... Complete biodegradation is said to occur when there are no oligomers or monomers left. The breakdown of these polymers depend ... The first involves aerobic biodegradation, where oxygen is present and important. In this case, the general equation seen below ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodegradable_polymer

October 2018). "Microbial anaerobic Fe(II) oxidation - Ecology, mechanisms and environmental implications". Environmental ... Harayama S, Kishira H, Kasai Y, Shutsubo K (August 1999). "Petroleum biodegradation in marine environments". Journal of ... Evans FF, Egan S, Kjelleberg S (May 2008). "Ecology of type II secretion in marine gammaproteobacteria". Environmental ... Evans FF, Egan S, Kjelleberg S (May 2008). "Ecology of type II secretion in marine gammaproteobacteria". Environmental ...

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2008). "Genomic Insights into Oil Biodegradation in Marine Systems". Microbial Biodegradation: Genomics and Molecular Biology. ... Environmental Microbiology. 5 (9): 746-753. doi:10.1046/j.1468-2920.2003.00468.x. PMID 12919410. Yakimov, Michail M; Timmis, ... A considerable amount of petroleum oil entering the sea is eliminated by the microbial biodegradation activities of microbial ... Environmental Microbiology. 4 (3): 141-147. doi:10.1046/j.1462-2920.2002.00275.x. PMID 12000314. "Fernandez-Martinez, Javier, ...

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O'Loughlin, Edward J.; Traina, Samuel J.; Sims, Gerald K. (2000). "Effects of sorption on the biodegradation of 2- ... Environmental Science & Technology. 27 (9): 1803-1810. doi:10.1021/es00046a007. Sims, G.K.; Radosevich, M.; He, X.-T.; Traina, ... S. J. (1991). "The effects of sorption on the bioavailability of pesticides". In Betts, W. B. (ed.). Biodegradation of Natural ... methylpyridine in aqueous suspensions of reference clay minerals". Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 19 (9): 2168-2174. ...

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ISBN 978-3-540-72025-6. al.], edited by C. Marjorie Aelion ... [et (2010). Environmental isotopes in biodegradation and ... 2-Dichloroethane Biodegradation". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 72 (6): 4411-4418. doi:10.1128/AEM.02576-05. PMC ... Vasileva, E.; Petrov, K.; Beschkov, V. (15 April 2014). "Biodegradation of Monochloroacetic Acid by Immobilization of GJ10 in ... ISBN 0-387-25495-1. Janssen, Martin H. Agteren, Sytze Keuning, Dick B. (1998). Handbook on Biodegradation and Biological ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanthobacter_autotrophicus

Logue, Jürg B.; Findlay, Stuart E. G.; Comte, Jérôme (2016). Microbial Responses to Environmental Changes. Frontiers Media SA. ... Handbook of Material Biodegradation, Biodeterioration, and Biostablization. Elsevier. ISBN 9781927885024. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraferrimonas

"Biodegradation of polyester polyurethane by endophytic fungi". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 77 (17): 6076-6084. doi: ... "Biodegradation of polyester polyurethane by Aspergillus tubingensis". Environmental Pollution. 225: 469-480. 2017-06-01. doi: ... Environmental Science and Technology 47(13):7137, dx.doi.org/10.1021/es401288x "Behold the 'Plastisphere' , Ocean Leadership". ... Yang, Y., Yang, J., Wu, W.-M., Zhao, J., Song, Y., Gao, L., ... Jiang, L. (2015). "Biodegradation of polystyrene wastes in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastisphere

... for Biodegradation of N-Heterocycles: A Complementary Approach to Predict Biodegradability". Environmental Science & Technology ... The biodegradation of pyridines proceeds via multiple pathways. Although pyridine is an excellent source of carbon, nitrogen, ... Sims, G. K.; Sommers, L.E. (1985). "Degradation of pyridine derivatives in soil". Journal of Environmental Quality. 14 (4): 580 ... doi:10.2134/jeq1985.00472425001400040022x. Sims, G. K.; Sommers, L.E. (1986). "Biodegradation of Pyridine Derivatives in Soil ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2,4-Lutidine

The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry. 2K. pp. 163-202. doi:10.1007/10508767_2. ISBN ... Bosma, T. N. P.; Harms, H.; Zehnder, A. J. B. (2001). "Biodegradation of Xenobiotics in Environment and Technosphere". ... Slack, K. V.; Feltz, H. R. (1968). "Tree leaf control on low flow water quality in a small Virginia stream". Environmental ... The persistent legacy of environmental feedback that is left behind by or as an extension of the ecological actions of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutrient_cycle

Sims GK, Sommers LE (1986). "Biodegradation of pyridine derivatives in soil suspensions". Environmental Toxicology and ... 2015). "Children's Health in Latin America: The Influence of Environmental Exposures". Environmental Health Perspectives. 123 ( ... Pimentel D (2005). "Environmental and Economic Costs of the Application of Pesticides Primarily in the United States" (PDF). ... U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Aug 30, 2007. Archived from the original on September 27, 2009. "Human Health Issues". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesticide

"Polymer Biodegradation and Biodegradable Polymers-a Review." Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 2nd ser. 19.2010 (2012): ... Biodegradation of this blend was tested and was found that by the second day the degraded carbon had already attained about 100 ... "Biodegradation is a chemical degradation of materials provoked by the action of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and ... The environmental impacts of athletic shoe degradation in landfills "are inextricably connected to the nature of the materials ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodegradable_athletic_footwear

Sims, G. K.; Sommers, L.E. (1985). "Degradation of pyridine derivatives in soil". J. Environmental Quality. 14 (4): 580-584. ... doi:10.2134/jeq1985.00472425001400040022x. Sims, G. K.; Sommers, L.E. (1986). "Biodegradation of pyridine derivatives in soil ... suspensions". Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 5 (6): 503-509. doi:10.1002/etc.5620050601. Picolines at the US National ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picoline

Falkiewicz-Dulik, Michalina; Janda, Katarzyna; Wypych, George (2015). Handbook of Material Biodegradation, Biodeterioration, ... Satyanarayana, Tulasi; Littlechild, Jennifer; Kawarabayasi, Yutaka (2013). Thermophilic Microbes in Environmental and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebetimonas

Vainberg, S.; McClay, K.; Masuda, H.; Root, D.; Condee, C.; Zylstra, G. J.; Steffan, R. J. (2006). "Biodegradation of Ether ... Strain ENV478". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 72 (8): 5218-5224. doi:10.1128/AEM.00160-06. ISSN 0099-2240. PMC ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonocardia_benzenivorans

"Biodegradation of Polyester Polyurethane by Endophytic Fungi". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 77 (17): 6076-84. doi: ... Howard, Gary T. (June 2002). "Biodegradation of polyurethane: a review". International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation. 49 (4 ... "Quick Safety Tips for Spray Polyurethane Foam Users". United States Environmental Protection Agency. "Home : ISOPA". www.isopa. ... Non-isocyanate based polyurethanes (NIPUs) have been developed to mitigate health and environmental concerns associated with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyurethane

Smolenski, WJ; Suflita, JM (April 1987). "Biodegradation of Cresol Isomers in Anoxic Aquifers". Applied and Environmental ... Biodegradation can be seen in some studies that biodegradation accounts for the absence of creosote preservatives on the ... which are all listed as acute environmental hazards. Biodegradation controls the rate at which the sediment holds the chemicals ... The biodegradation of a creosote preservative in an anaerobic enrichment depends not only on the type of bacteria enriching the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creosote

Brown M. Biodegradation of oil in freshwater. In Trett M, Green J, editors. The fate and effects of oil in freshwater: Elsevier ... Environmental Science and technology 2002;36(19):4127-4134. Schmidt T, Kleinert P, Stengel C, Goss K, Haderlein S. Poler fuel ... Environmental Science and Technology 2002;36(19):4074-4080. Lamont N. The screening of petroleum hydrocarbons based on the ... Environmental Science and Technology 2002;36(19):4074-4080. Gill R, Robotham P. Input, behaviour and fates of petroleum ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_associated_fraction

Gusse AC; Miller PD; Volk TJ (July 2006). "White-rot fungi demonstrate first biodegradation of phenolic resin". Environmental ... ISBN 978-1-85957-249-8. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2005). Environmental Profiles of Chemical Flame-Retardant ... "Biodegradation of Polyester Polyurethane by Endophytic Fungi". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 77 (17): 6076-84. doi: ... "Biodegradation Biodegradation of plastic bottles made from 'Biopol' in an aquatic ecosystem under in situ conditions". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic

... for Biodegradation of N-Heterocycles: A Complementary Approach to Predict Biodegradability". Environmental Science & Technology ... Oxidation of 2,6-lutidine with air gives 2,6-diformylpyridine: C5H3N(CH3)2 + 2 O2 → C5H3N(CHO)2 + 2 H2O The biodegradation of ... Sims, G. K.; Sommers, L.E. (1985). "Degradation of pyridine derivatives in soil". Journal of Environmental Quality. 14 (4): 580 ... doi:10.2134/jeq1985.00472425001400040022x. Sims, G. K.; Sommers, L.E. (1986). "Biodegradation of Pyridine Derivatives in Soil ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2,6-Lutidine

The dissolution of collagen depends on time, temperature and environmental pH.[8] At high temperatures, the rate of collagen ... and bio-degradation.[8] Chemical changes affect crystallinity.[2] Mechanisms of chemical change, such as the uptake of F− or CO ... of bone exposed to environmental conditions, especially moisture. This is accomplished by the exchange of natural bone ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diagenesis

"Environmental Science & Technology. 46 (6): 3273-3280. Bibcode:2012EnST...46.3273S. doi:10.1021/es2043728. PMC 3308199. PMID ... "Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management. 6 (2009): 210-224. doi:10.1897/IEAM_2009-051.1. PMID 19919169.. ... "Environmental Science & Technology. 46 (6): 3498-3508. Bibcode:2012EnST...46.3498A. doi:10.1021/es204611h. PMC 3308200. PMID ... "Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 12 (6): 959-967. doi:10.1002/etc.5620120602. ISSN 1552-8618.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioaccumulate

Environmental effects[edit]. Main article: Environmental impact of biodiesel. The surge of interest in biodiesels has ... pollution and the rate of biodegradation. ... The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published data in ... "Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 2 (4): 2335-2342. doi:10.1016/j.jece.2014.09.020.. ... However, environmental organizations, for example, Rainforest Rescue[127] and Greenpeace,[128] criticize the cultivation of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethylester_biodiesel

Howard, Brian (2003). "Message in a Bottle". E: the Environmental Magazine. 14 (5): 26.. ... Due to growing concern over the environmental impact and cost of disposable plastic water bottles, more people are choosing to ... In recent years, the single-serve bottled water industry has responded to consumer concern about the environmental impact of ... the consumer keeps disposable bottles out of the waste stream and minimizes environmental impact. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_bottle

Environmental remediation[edit]. Microbes are being studied and used to degrade organic and even nuclear waste pollution (see ... Main article: Microbial biodegradation. Microbes can affect the quality of oil and gas deposits through their metabolic ... Choppola, G; Bolan, N; Park, JH (2013). Chapter two: Chromium contamination and its risk assessment in complex environmental ... 2010). Geomicrobiology molecular and environmental perspective. Dordrecht: Springer. ISBN 978-9048192045. .. *. Nagina, Parmar ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomicrobiology

Cleaning up environmental wastes is an example of an application of environmental biotechnology; whereas loss of biodiversity ... Diaz E (editor). (2008). Microbial Biodegradation: Genomics and Molecular Biology (1st ed.). Caister Academic Press. ISBN 978-1 ... Environmental[edit]. The environment can be affected by biotechnologies, both positively and adversely. Vallero and others have ... Daniel A. Vallero, Environmental Biotechnology: A Biosystems Approach, Academic Press, Amsterdam, NV; ISBN 978-0-12-375089-1; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colors_of_biotechnology

... s in Canada are regulated by provincial environmental agencies and environmental protection legislation.[10] Older ... Aerobic biodegradation dominates, i.e. the primary electron acceptor is O2. ... "United States Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved May 10, 2017.. *^ Gomez, A.M.; =Yannarell, A.C.; Sims, G.K.; Cadavid- ... engineering and environmental studies and demonstrations to ensure local environmental and safety concerns are satisfied.[14] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landfills

United States Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved 8 December 2017.. *^ Murvosh CM, Fye RL, LaBrecque GC (1964). "Studies ... "Biodegradation of pig manure by the housefly, Musca domestica: a viable ecological strategy for pig manure management". PLOS ... "Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 76 (4): 994-8. doi:10.1128/AEM.02424-09. PMC 2820963. PMID 20023109.. ... reducing the bulk of waste and minimizing environmental risks of its disposal.[55][56] Harvested maggots may be used as feed ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housefly

Once at the treatment plant, they are rapidly removed by biodegradation. Invertebrates were found to be the most-sensitive ... Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 74 (5): 1089-1106. doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.02.007.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfate_ester

3 Safety and environmental risks *3.1 Biodegradation. *4 Applications *4.1 Detergents in biochemistry and biotechnology ... Biodegradation[edit]. Because of the volume of surfactants released into the environment, their biodegradation is of great ... Safety and environmental risks[edit]. Most anionic and non-ionic surfactants are nontoxic, having LD50 comparable to sodium ... Scott MJ, Jones MN (November 2000). "The biodegradation of surfactants in the environment". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1508 (1-2 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surfactant

CRC Critical Reviews in Environmental Control. 19(4): 309-340. *^ Wipperman, Matthew, F.; Sampson, Nicole, S.; Thomas, Suzanne ... Oil biodegradation[edit]. General overview of microbial biodegradation of petroleum oil by microbial communities. Some ... 2008). "Genomic Insights into Oil Biodegradation in Marine Systems". In Díaz E. Microbial Biodegradation: Genomics and ... Heider J & Rabus R (2008). "Genomic Insights in the Anaerobic Biodegradation of Organic Pollutants". Microbial Biodegradation: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_biodegradation

"Environmental policy and legislation". Department of Environmental and Heritage Protection. Queensland Government. 25 September ... As part of the Environmental Protection Act 1994, the Environmental Protection (Water) Policy 2009 is responsible for the water ... U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. (2008). "Septic Systems Fact Sheet." Archived 12 April 2013 at the ... Environmental Science and Technology vol. 47, January 2015, p. 1824-1832. Bletsou et al., 2013 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_water

"Environmental Entomology. 13 (2): 421-423. doi:10.1093/ee/13.2.421. ISSN 0046-225X.. ... Masters, Gilbert M. (1997). Introduction to Environmental Engineering and Science. Prentice Hall. ISBN 9780131553842.. .mw- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compostable

Biodegradation in water and soil is slow. Chloroform does not significantly bioaccumulate in aquatic organisms.[13] ... Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology. 10 (6 Pt 1): 586-99. doi:10.1038/sj.jea.7500139. PMID 11140442.. ... Environmental Microbiology Reports. 8 (5): 814-824. doi:10.1111/1758-2229.12444. ISSN 1758-2229. PMID 27452500.. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroform

... lifestyle or environmental benefits [and] mentions or depictions of taste, smell or the absence thereof", while mandating "drab ... Biodegradation. *Environmental engineering. *Glass recycling. *Industrial ecology. *Life-cycle assessment. *Litter. *Packaging ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_cigarette_packaging

United States Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved 8 December 2017.. *^ Murvosh, C.M.; Fye, R.L.; LaBrecque, G.C. (1964 ... "Biodegradation of pig manure by the housefly, Musca domestica: A viable ecological strategy for pig manure management". PLoS ... reducing the bulk of waste and minimizing environmental risks of its disposal.[52][53] Harvested maggots may be used as feed ... environmental factors), the way sex is determined is usually fixed within a species. The housefly is, however, thought to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housefly

"Evaluation of Biodegradation-Promoting Additives for Plastics". Environmental Science & Technology. 49 (6): 3769-77. Bibcode: ... "Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL). Retrieved 16 May 2019.. *^ Plastic & Climate: The Hidden Costs of a Plastic ... a b c d e Daniel D. Chiras (2004). Environmental Science: Creating a Sustainable Future. Jones & Bartlett Learning. pp. 517-18 ... United States Environmental Protection Agency. 24 July 2015.. *^ Lavers, Jennifer L.; Bond, Alexander L. (2017). "Exceptional ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic_pollution

"Environmental Health Perspectives. 115 (2): 221-225. doi:10.1289/ehp.9432. PMC 1817676. PMID 17384768.. ... Wilson, John T. Jr; Wilson, Barbara H. (Dec 15, 1987), Biodegradation of halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons, retrieved 2016-11- ... Masters, Gilbert M. Introduction to Environmental Engineering. 2nd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1998. ... United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)(1990). Cincinnati, OH. "Technologies for Upgrading Existing or Designing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_purification

Accelerated Biodegradation of Veterinary Antibiotics in Agricultural Soil following Long-Term Exposure, and Isolation of a ... Sulfamethazine-degrading sp»։ Journal of Environmental Quality 42 (1): 173-8։ 2013։ PMID 23673752։ doi:10.2134/jeq2012.0162 , ...

https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Անտիբիոտիկներ

Journal of Environmental Quality 32:432-440 (2003) *↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac et ad [8] ... Yu Liu, Tian-Gang Luan, Ning-Ning Lu, Chong-Yu Lan, Toxicity of Fluoranthene and Its Biodegradation by Cyclotella caspia Alga. ... Journal of Environmental Quality 2002. 31:2104-2110 *↑ R.R. Brooks, Phytochemistry of hyperaccumulators, In: ed. Plants that ... Strontium-90 uptake by Pinus ponderosa and Pinus radiata seedlings inoculated with ectomycorrhizal fungi. Environmental ...

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperaccumulateur

This popularity is due in part to it not suffering the environmental liability that PVC suffers in discharging hydrochloric ... Biodegradation. *Environmental engineering. *Glass recycling. *Industrial ecology. *Life-cycle assessment. *Litter. *Packaging ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blister_pack

"E-The Environmental Magazine.. [permanent dead link] *^ Ying Sun, Nina & Toloken, Steve (21 March 2013). "China moves to end ... Yang, Yu; Tang, Jun; Wu, Wei-Min; Zhao, Jiao; Song, Yiling; Gao, Longcheng; Yang, Ruifu; Jiang, Lei (2015). "Biodegradation and ... "Environmental Health Perspectives. 116 (6): 740-5. doi:10.1289/ehp.10724. PMC 2430229 . PMID 18560529.. ... Environmental issuesEdit. ProductionEdit. Polystyrene foams are produced using blowing agents that form bubbles and expand the ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polystyrene

"Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 77 (17): 5934-5944. doi:10.1128/AEM.05255-11. PMC 3165402. PMID 21764952.. ... Bacteria use regulatory networks that allow them to adapt to almost every environmental niche on earth.[72][73] A network of ... Robertson, C.; Harris, J.; Spear, J.; Pace, N. (2005). "Phylogenetic diversity and ecology of environmental Archaea". Curr Opin ... In bacteria, the principal function of regulatory networks is to control the response to environmental changes, for example ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial

"Evidence of polyethylene biodegradation by bacterial strains from the guts of plastic-eating waxworms". Environmental Science ... Ethylene glycol is produced from carbon monoxide in countries with large coal reserves and less stringent environmental ... ATSDR - Case Studies in Environmental Medicine: Ethylene Glycol and Propylene Glycol Toxicity ... "Polyethylene bio-degradation by caterpillars of the wax moth Galleria mellonella". Current Biology. 27 (8): R292-R293. doi ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethyleneglycol

... an environmental engineer and the county's Associate Director for Programs and Planning in the Department of Environmental ... Davis' research showed that rain gardens aid in the capturing and bio-degradation of pollutants such as suspended solids, ... Design Manual for Use of Bioretention in Stormwater Management. Prince George's County, MD Department of Environmental ... Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). August 1995. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-07-07.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rain_gardens

"Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 59 (11): 3695-700. doi:10.1128/AEM.59.11.3695-3700.1993. PMC 182519. PMID 8285678.. ... "Isotactic polypropylene biodegradation by a microbial community: Physicochemical characterization of metabolites produced" ... The advocacy organization Environmental Working Group classifies PP as of low to moderate hazard.[66][why?] PP is dope-dyed; no ... POLYPROPYLENE ,, Skin Deep® Cosmetics Database , Environmental Working Group. Cosmeticdatabase.com. Retrieved on 2012-05-31. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypropylene

Miller, G. Tyler; Spoolman, Scott E. (2012) Environmental Science, 14th, Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole. ISBN 978-1-111-98893-7. OCLC ... Biodegradation (Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Springer Netherlands) 18 (5): 525-539. . ISSN 0923-9820. PMID 17123025. ... DeLong, Edward F.; Pace, Norman R. (August 1, 2001). "Environmental Diversity of Bacteria and Archaea". Systematic Biology ( ... "The Loss of Adaptive Plasticity during Long Periods of Environmental Stasis". The American Naturalist (Chicago, IL: University ...

https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/ევოლუცია

BiodegradationEdit. Cryptanaerobacter phenolicus is a bacterium species that produces benzoate from phenol via 4- ... Archives of Environmental Health. 30 (1): 1-6. doi:10.1080/00039896.1975.10666623. PMID 1109265.. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenoxide

In environmental sciences or science[edit]. Bioavailability is the measure by which various substances in the environment may ... O'Loughlin, Edward J.; Traina, Samuel J.; Sims, Gerald K. (2000). "Effects of sorption on the biodegradation of 2- ... Ma, Qi-Ying; Traina, Samuel J.; Logan, Terry J.; Ryan, James A. (1993). "In situ lead immobilization by apatite". Environmental ... Biodegradation of Natural and Synthetic Materials. London: Springer. pp. 119-137.. ,access-date=. requires ,url=. (help) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bio-availability

"International Journal of Environmental Studies. 74 (1): 129-158. doi:10.1080/00207233.2016.1227225. ISSN 0020-7233.. ... Environmental aspects[edit]. Even high-mountains are not free from human waste. Each year, millions of mountaineers visit high- ... They generate tonnes of feces and urine annually which cause environmental pollution. The authorities of mountain regions, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_waste

... the worlds largest environmental industry marketplace and information resource. ... Get the latest microbial biodegradation news on Environmental XPRT, ... About Environmental XPRT. Environmental XPRT is a global environmental industry marketplace and information resource. Online ... The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced in late 2016 that 1,4-dioxane was included on the list of the first 10 ...

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... the worlds largest environmental industry marketplace and information resource. ... Find plastic biodegradation testing articles on Environmental XPRT, ... plastic biodegradation testing Articles. Related terms for "plastic biodegradation testing ": plastic biodegradation articles ... About Environmental XPRT. Environmental XPRT is a global environmental industry marketplace and information resource. Online ...

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Fortunately, there are microorganisms capable of degrading or transforming environmental contaminants. The present dissertation ... Vilo Muñoz, Claudia Andrea. Understanding Microbial Biodegradation of Environmental Contaminants, dissertation, May 2015; ... Fortunately, there are microorganisms capable of degrading or transforming environmental contaminants. The present dissertation ... Fortunately, there are microorganisms capable of degrading or transforming environmental contaminants. The present dissertation ...

https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc801956/

Environmental Biodegradation and Biodegradable Pollutants scheduled on July 12-13, 2021 in July 2021 in Ottawa is for the ... Biodegradation in waters. Practical methods for estimating environmental biodegradation rates. Assessment of environmental ... Environmental biodegradation. Biodegradation. Biodegradation phases. Factors affecting rate. Detergents. Plastics. ... Environmental Biodegradation and Biodegradable Pollutants. ICEBBP 2021: 15. International Conference on Environmental ...

https://waset.org/environmental-biodegradation-and-biodegradable-pollutants-conference-in-july-2021-in-ottawa

Biodegradation of [14C]BPDP was monitored in the environmental microcosms by measuring the evolution of 14CO2. Over 37% of BPDP ... Biodegradation of tert-butylphenyl diphenyl phosphate.. M A Heitkamp, J P Freeman, C E Cerniglia ... Biodegradation of tert-butylphenyl diphenyl phosphate. Message Subject (Your Name) has forwarded a page to you from Applied and ... The biodegradation of tert-butylphenyl diphenyl phosphate (BPDP) was examined in microcosms containing sediment and water from ...

https://aem.asm.org/content/51/2/316

Biodegradation. Biodegradation of Polyester Polyurethane by Endophytic Fungi. Jonathan R. Russell, Jeffrey Huang, Pria Anand, ... Biodegradation of Polyester Polyurethane by Endophytic Fungi. Jonathan R. Russell, Jeffrey Huang, Pria Anand, Kaury Kucera, ... Biodegradation of Polyester Polyurethane by Endophytic Fungi. Jonathan R. Russell, Jeffrey Huang, Pria Anand, Kaury Kucera, ... Biodegradation of Polyester Polyurethane by Endophytic Fungi Message Subject (Your Name) has forwarded a page to you from ...

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Journal of Environmental Monitoring. Bacterial biosensors for rapid and effective monitoring of biodegradation of organic ... Bacterial biosensors for rapid and effective monitoring of biodegradation of organic pollutants in wastewater effluents A. O. ... and for in situ monitoring of biodegradation. This has great potential to offer a risk assessment strategy in predicting the ...

http://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/EM/2008/B805055D

Microbial Hydrocarbon Formation and Biodegradation: Organisms, Pathways, Environmental Limitations, and Isotope Signatures. GSA ... MOUSER, Paula J.1, DALY, Rebecca A.2, WOLFE, Richard2 and WRIGHTON, Kelly C.2, (1)Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering ... of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd. Rm ... LINKING MICROBIAL COMMUNITY PRESENCE AND DIVERSITY TO FORMATION WATER GEOCHEMISTRY, CRUDE OIL BIODEGRADATION, AND ...

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Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts. Indigenous 14C-phenanthrene biodegradation in "pristine" woodland and grassland ... Indigenous 14C-phenanthrene biodegradation in "pristine" woodland and grassland soils from Norway and the United Kingdom U. V. ...

http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2017/em/c7em00242d

... Login ... However, there is no much information available on the biodegradation of quinalphos by the soil micro-organisms, which play a ... significant role in detoxifying pesticides in the environment; so research is initiated in biodegradation of quinalphos. ...

http://uir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/22237?show=full

Environmental Science and Pollution Research" on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with ... "Biodegradation tests of mercaptocarboxylic acids, their esters, related divalent sulfur compounds and mercaptans, ... functional group enhances biodegradation compared to a methyl group or to an H atom. 2. A rule of thumb for biodegradation of ... functional group enhances biodegradation compared to a methyl group or to an H atom. 2. A rule of thumb for biodegradation of ...

https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/springer_journal/biodegradation-tests-of-mercaptocarboxylic-acids-their-esters-related-YqL2HCX0uH

Understanding the mechanisms and parameters governing contaminant behavior and biodegradation. Dstl Environmental Sciences ... Mustard gas contaminate soil: Understanding the mechanisms and parameters governing contaminant behavior and biodegradation. ...

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... ISSN (Print): 2333-8628 ISSN (Online): 2333-8636 Website ... International Journal of Environmental Bioremediation & Biodegradation will be a peer-reviewed, open access journal that ... provides rapid publication of articles in all areas of Environment, Bioremediation, Biodegradation and Pollution. The goal of ...

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Sub-department of Environmental Technology WIMEK Type of publication. Refereed Article in a scientific journal. Year of ... Biodegradation of Fipronil : Transformation Products, Microbial Characterisation and Toxicity Assessment. Tomazini, Rafaela; ...

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Biodegradation of xenobiotics- a way for environmental detoxification. International Journal of Development Research ... Better understanding of metabolic pathways for the biodegradation of specific organic compounds as well as more thorough ... The physical and chemical characteristics of the compounds, as well as environmental factors, may influence their ... microorganisms and their successive adaptation to a naturally persistent compound might be a powerful means for environmental ...

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Biodegradation of phenolic environmental pollutants by a surfactant-laccase complex in organic media. ... Dive into the research topics of Biodegradation of phenolic environmental pollutants by a surfactant-laccase complex in ...

https://kyushu-u.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/biodegradation-of-phenolic-environmental-pollutants-by-a-surfacta/fingerprints/

Read chapter Emerging Technologies to Advance Research and Decisions on the Environmental Health Effects of Microplastics: ... The Role of Biodegradation. Kathleen McDonough from Procter & Gamble Company addressed the issue of when biodegradation can be ... Environmental health scientists have well-developed methods for evaluating the health risks of various environmental exposures ... Emerging Technologies to Advance Research and Decisions on the Environmental Health Effects of Microplastics: Proceedings of a ...

https://www.nap.edu/read/25862/chapter/1

Field observations of relatively rapid aerobic MTBE biodegradation following oxygen addition suggest that the indigenous ... The hypothesis that artificial oxic conditions will lead to MTBE biodegradation by indigenous microorganisms in anoxic, ... Biodegradation of MTBE by indigenous aquifer microorganisms under artificial oxic conditions. ACS Division of Environmental ... ACS Division of Environmental Chemistry, Preprints. Volume:. 41. Issue:. 2. Year Published:. 2001. Language:. English. Larger ...

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Buy the Hardcover Book Biodegradation and Bioremediation by Martin Alexander at Indigo.ca, Canadas largest bookstore. + Get ... Effect of Chemical Structure on Biodegradation.. Predicting Products of Biodegradation.. Cometabolism.. Environmental Effects. ... Authored by a world-renowned environmental microbiologist,Biodegradation and Bioremediationpresents microbiological, chemical, ... Biodegradation and Bioremediation. byMartin AlexanderEditorMartin Alexander. Hardcover , December 23, 1998. ...

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_biodegradation

The key difference between biodegradation and bioremediation is that bio degradation is a natural process that occurs in the ... Categories Environmental Microbiology Tags acetogenesis, acidogenesis, Aerobic, Anaerobic, bioaugmentation, biodegradation, ... biodegradation and fly ash utilization, biodegradation and fly ash utilization by ajit tiwari, biodegradation and fly ash ... This is done by using microbes with the biodegradation process. What is Biodegradation?. *Microorganisms play a key role in the ...

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Based on our analysis we hypothesize that the rhizosphere-specific pathways involved in xenobiotics biodegradation could ... These functions could provide the microbiome with additional capabilities to respond to environmental fluctuations in the ... Based on our analysis we hypothesize that the rhizosphere-specific pathways involved in xenobiotics biodegradation could ... These functions could provide the microbiome with additional capabilities to respond to environmental fluctuations in the ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2019.01682/full

Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Pensacola, FL (United States). Country of Publication:. United States. ... 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; 45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEFENSE; 56 BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE, APPLIED STUDIES; ... annual meeting of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry: partnerships for the environment - science, education ... CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS; BIODEGRADATION; REMEDIAL ACTION; ENZYME ACTIVITY; HYDROLASES; LYASES; METABOLISM; SOILS. ...

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Biodiversity, Energy Systems and Environmental Sustainability *Biofertilizers and Biopesticides *Biogeochemical Cycles and Food ... Biodegradation and Bioremediation for Conservation *Biodegradation of organic contaminants in groundwater *Biodegradation, ... Related Conference of Biodegradation and Bioremediation for Conservation June 14-15, 2018 ...

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"OPA responds to MacArthur report , Symphony Environmental Technologies Plc". Symphony Environmental Technologies Plc. 2017-11- ... OXO-biodegradation is biodegradation as defined by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) in CEN/TR 1535-2006, as " ... biodegradation of up to 91% has been obversed in a soil environment within 24 months, when tested in accordance with ISO 17556 ... In relation to timescales for biodegradation, the OPA said it was not useful to examine how long it took for particular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OXO-biodegradation

Initiatives in Environmental Health Science Explore Initiatives in Environmental Health Science *Chemical Spill in West ... NIEHS/EPA Childrens Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research Centers. *Childrens Environmental Health Supplements ... Interagency Breast Cancer & Environmental Research Coordinating Committee. *National Advisory Environmental Health Sciences ... The researchers found that compared to predictions of the standard biodegradation kinetics models, the biodegradation of both ...

https://tools.niehs.nih.gov/srp/researchbriefs/view.cfm?Brief_ID=77

Compound-specific isotope analysis has been used extensively to investigate the biodegradation of various organic pollutants. ... 1.School of Environmental Science and EngineeringGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhouChina. *2.Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of ... Quinoline 3-Methylquinoline Aerobic biodegradation Isotope fractionation Compound-specific isotope analysis This is a preview ... Bulk carbon and hydrogen enrichment factors (ε bulk) for quinoline biodegradation were −1.2 ± 0.1 and −38 ± 1‰, respectively, ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00253-017-8379-1

Environmental engineering On the subject. Environmental Sciences Search outside of DiVA. GoogleGoogle Scholar. ... The biodegradation pattern of the 72-hour culture evidenced by TLC revealed two additional biodegradation products, one of ... Environmental Sciences Identifiers. URN: urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-24758OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hig-24758DiVA: diva2:1128203 ... Characterization of microbial growth in lignin-based residues and biodegradation of vanillin(2401 kB). 34 downloads. ...

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Environmental Science & Technology Subject biodegradation Remove constraint Subject: biodegradation Subject DDT (pesticide) ... You searched for: Author Cheng, Zhineng Remove constraint Author: Cheng, Zhineng Journal Environmental Science & Technology ... Environmental Science & Technology 2017 v.51 no.8 pp. 4424-4433. ISSN:. 1520-5851. Subject:. DDT (pesticide); HCH (pesticide); ... air; atmospheric deposition; biodegradation; cis-chlordane; enantiomers; hexachlorobenzene; hydrolysis; hydrophobicity; lakes; ...

https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/?f%5Bjournal_name%5D%5B%5D=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&f%5Bsubject_term%5D%5B%5D=biodegradation&f%5Bsubject_term%5D%5B%5D=DDT+%28pesticide%29&f%5Btext_availability%5D%5B%5D=Citation+in+PubAg&q=%22Cheng%2C+Zhineng%22&search_field=author&sort=title

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Four talented students were awarded honors at the Plenary Session at the recent Battelle Bioremediation and Sustainable Environmental Technologies Symposium in Reno, Nevada, recognizing emerging environmental scientists. (environmental-expert.com)
Adventus-sponsored student paper competition showcases academia's rising stars Four talented students were awarded honors at the Plenary Session at the recent Battelle Bioremediation and Sustainable Environmental Technologies Symposium in Reno, Nevada, recognizing emerging environmental scientists. (environmental-expert.com)
International Journal of Environmental Bioremediation & Biodegradation will be a peer-reviewed, open access journal that provides rapid publication of articles in all areas of Environment, Bioremediation, Biodegradation and Pollution. (sciepub.com)
This book presents the basic principles of biodegradation and shows how these principles relate to bioremediation. (indigo.ca)
I[t] provides biologists, chemists and engineers interested in this process with information complementary to their own fields and thus belongs on the shelf of everybody active in the study of biodegradation and bioremediation. (indigo.ca)
The book could serve as a text for an upper-level or graduate class in the principles of biodegradation and bioremediation for microbiologists and environmental engineers. (indigo.ca)
Recommended as a valuable resource for environmental scientists, engineers, or other persons with an interest in the use of organisms for environmental decontamination and a need for better insight into the principles underlying bioremediation. (indigo.ca)
The key difference between biodegradation and bioremediation is that biodegradation is a natural process that occurs in the environment. (thebiologynotes.com)
Naturally occurring or introduced organisms, especially microorganisms, which break down environmental pollutants, can be used in bioremediation. (thebiologynotes.com)
Bioremediation is a biotechnological approach to controlling environmental pollution. (thebiologynotes.com)
Bioremediation involves the manipulation of the environmental parameters such as pH, temperature, moisture content, etc. to obtain optimal growth of microorganisms and achieves a higher rate of degradation. (thebiologynotes.com)
Microbial biodegradation is the use of bioremediation and biotransformation methods to harness the naturally occurring ability of microbial xenobiotic metabolism to degrade, transform or accumulate environmental pollutants, including hydrocarbons (e.g. oil), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), heterocyclic compounds (such as pyridine or quinoline ), pharmaceutical substances, radionuclides and metals. (wikipedia.org)
Microorganisms are used for in-situ microbial biodegradation or bioremediation of domestic, agricultural and industrial wastes and subsurface pollution in soils, sediments and marine environments. (bionity.com)
ICBBB 2020 has teamed up with the Special Journal Issue on Biodegradation, Bioremediation and Biotransformation . (waset.org)
misc{etde_5600100, title = {PAH loss during bioremediation of manufactured gas plant site soils} author = {Erickson, D C} abstractNote = {Laboratory studies using soil samples from a former gas works site showed that PAH in the soil were present in a form resistant to biodegradation, whereas added naphthalene and phenanthrene were quickly degraded. (osti.gov)

Field observations of relatively rapid aerobic MTBE biodegradation following oxygen addition suggest that the indigenous bacteria have become acclimated not only to mg/L concentrations of MTBE in the gasoline plume, but also to periodic delivery of oxygen by recharge events. (usgs.gov)
The aims of the current study was to isolate and identify PAHs-degrading bacteria from surface sediments of Nayband Bay and to evaluate the efficiency of statistically based experimental design for the optimization of phenanthrene (Phe) and Fluorene (Flu) biodegradation performed by enriched consortium. (biomedcentral.com)
Their goal is to use data from simple experimental systems to develop mathematical models that can predict the complex kinetics of biodegradation of chemical mixtures by multiple species of bacteria. (nih.gov)
In the absence of HA, it takes the bacteria about 168 h to produce sufficient glycolipids to solubilize pyrene and make it bioavailable for biodegradation. (unt.edu)
2021). The Ecological Impacts of Multiple Environmental Stressors on Coastal Biofilm Bacteria. . (essex.ac.uk)
Furthermore, the immobilized bacteria showed excellent removal during five reuse cycles, from 76% to 59% of biodegradation. (springer.com)
Research Interests: Cellular Physiology of Bacteria and Environmental Microbiology. (iuk.edu)
Interests include elucidation of biodegradation pathways for organic pollutants, isolation of novel organic pollutant degrading bacteria, microbial genome analysis, bacterial stress response, microbial motility, enzyme kinetics, and in vivo single molecule tracking. (iuk.edu)
In this study, the biodegradation of glyphosate herbicide by halophilic bacteria isolated from Qom Hoze-Soltan Lake has been investigated. (ehemj.com)
Conclusion: The native bacteria in Qom Hoze-soltan lake, Iran can be used for biodegradation of glyphosate herbicide. (ehemj.com)
Biotransformation/biodegradation of polycyclic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is caused by fungal microorganisms, mainly white-rot fungi, and a few strains of bacteria. (cyberleninka.org)
Plastic strips are subjected to biodegradation by isolated bacteria using mineral salt medium. (scribd.com)
Bhushan B, Chauhan A, Samanta SK, Jain RK (2000) Kinetics of biodegradation of p-nitrophenol by different bacteria. (springer.com)
The potential for biodegradation of contaminants in soil was assessed using an array of molecular methods, including terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP), quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and traditional culturing techniques combined with sequencing of the 16S or ITS regions of the cultured bacteria and fungi. (calpoly.edu)
With the exception of a small population of Dehalococcoides , bacteria associated with the biodegradation of PAHs, PCBs, and/or dioxins were not detected. (calpoly.edu)

Interest in the microbial biodegradation of pollutants has intensified in recent years, [1] [2] and recent major methodological breakthroughs have enabled detailed genomic, metagenomic, proteomic, bioinformatic and other high-throughput analyses of environmentally relevant microorganisms , providing new insights into biodegradative pathways and the ability of organisms to adapt to changing environmental conditions. (wikipedia.org)
Since most sites are typically comprised of multiple pollutant types, the most effective approach to microbial biodegradation is to use a mixture of bacterial species and strains, each specific to the biodegradation of one or more types of contaminants. (bionity.com)
Microbial biodegradation of hydrocarbons with a specific focus on naphthenic acid (NA) biodegradation in aquatic and terrestrial environments. (essex.ac.uk)
Microbial biodegradation of alkyl phenyl alkanoic acids by oil sand microbial communities. (essex.ac.uk)

Fortunately, there are microorganisms capable of degrading or transforming environmental contaminants. (unt.edu)
Selection of degradative potent microorganisms and their successive adaptation to a naturally persistent compound might be a powerful means for environmental detoxification. (journalijdr.com)
Better understanding of metabolic pathways for the biodegradation of specific organic compounds as well as more thorough knowledge of degrading microorganisms will make purposeful application of biodegradation possible. (journalijdr.com)
The hypothesis that artificial oxic conditions will lead to MTBE biodegradation by indigenous microorganisms in anoxic, gasoline-contaminated aquifers was examined by adding oxygen in the form of a metal peroxide slurry to an anoxic part of gasoline-contaminated aquifer in South Carolina. (usgs.gov)
Biodegradation is the process in which organic compounds are degraded or broken down by the microorganisms. (thebiologynotes.com)
Aerobic biodegradation is done by aerobic microorganisms when an adequate supply of oxygen is available for their activity. (thebiologynotes.com)
Biodegradation is the process of decomposing organic materials in the environment by microorganisms. (thebiologynotes.com)
Biodegradation is the ability of microorganisms to decompose organic materials in the environment. (thebiologynotes.com)
The present investigation focuses on the optimization of extraction methods for vanillin biodegradation products, as well as identifying the isolates of a collection of microorganisms originating from the Faroe Islands that are amenable to being cultivated on a lignin-based media. (diva-portal.org)
Environmental microbiology also includes the study of microorganisms that exist in artificial environments such as bioreactors . (bionity.com)
suspended solids contained in the manure are hydrolyzed into dissolved elements and biodegradation by microorganisms occurs. (intechopen.com)
Rose, K. & Steinbüchel, A. Biodegradation of natural rubber and related compounds: recent insights into a hardly understood catabolic capability of microorganisms. (nature.com)
In the current study, the role of microorganisms in biodegradation of six dyes related to azo group was discussed. (academicjournals.org)
Human intestinal microform, skin microﬂora, and environmental microorganisms can degrade azo dyes .Reduction of azo compounds can also occur by human liver azoreductase, or by non-biological factors (Chang, 2016). (academicjournals.org)
For enhancement of biodegradation, bioaugmentation [which is the process of adding microorganisms with the potential of pollution biodegradation to the bio-slurry reactor] was applied. (bvsalud.org)
Various studies have already been reported about detection and isolation of able microorganisms to degrade oil compounds but there are not enough reports of biodegradation of mazut by microorganisms in Iran. (biomedcentral.com)
Gisi D, Stucki G, Hanselmann KW (1997) Biodegradation of the pesticide 4,6-dinitro- ortho -cresol by microorganisms in batch cultures and in fixed-bed column reactors. (springer.com)
In the present study, a total of 52 salt-tolerant tellurate-reducing microorganisms were isolated from marine environmental samples. (americanelements.com)

aims to bring together leading academic scientists, researchers and research scholars to exchange and share their experiences and research results on all aspects of Environmental Biodegradation and Biodegradable Pollutants. (waset.org)
Also, high quality research contributions describing original and unpublished results of conceptual, constructive, empirical, experimental, or theoretical work in all areas of Environmental Biodegradation and Biodegradable Pollutants are cordially invited for presentation at the conference. (waset.org)
ICEBBP 2021 has teamed up with the Special Journal Issue on Environmental Biodegradation and Biodegradable Pollutants . (waset.org)
Neuware - Petroleum polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are hazardous environmental pollutants, and PAH exposure causes public health risks and raises environmental concerns. (eurobuch.com)
These biosensor constructs could therefore be applicable to indicate the bioavailability of pollutants in a way that chemical analysis cannot, and for in situ monitoring of biodegradation. (rsc.org)
The majority of the pollutants are degraded completely by aerobic biodegradation in the presence of oxygen. (thebiologynotes.com)
Anaerobic microbial mineralization of recalcitrant organic pollutants is of great environmental significance and involves intriguing novel biochemical reactions. (wikipedia.org)
Compound-specific isotope analysis has been used extensively to investigate the biodegradation of various organic pollutants. (springer.com)
2006. Biodegradation of Ether Pollutants by Pseudonocardia sp. (iuk.edu)
Several technologies to handle a wide spectrum of environmental pollutants are taken into account in numerous chapters. (springer.com)
The history of environmental chemical pollutants is dominated by several chemical compound classes of different characteristics such as petroleum hydro-carbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, synthetic surfactants, polychlorinated insecticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, arsenic, heavy metals, tin organics, etc. (royalsocietypublishing.org)

It is a rapid method that degrades the contaminants completely when compared to anaerobic biodegradation. (thebiologynotes.com)
This study investigated the capability of a biosurfactant produced by a novel strain of Bacillus salmalaya to enhance the biodegradation rates and bioavailability of organic contaminants. (mdpi.com)
The purpose of this study was to determine if biodegradation is contributing to natural attenuation of contaminants in the soil, what organisms are likely causing biodegradation, and what rate(s) can be expected in the future. (calpoly.edu)
Among the technically produced surfactants, nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NP n EO) and their metabolites became a major focus of environmental research when it became evident in the early 1980s that alkylphenolic compounds derived from non-ionic surfactants of the alkylphenol polyethoxylate type are significant environmental contaminants. (royalsocietypublishing.org)
Table 1 lists milestones in the history of NP n EO surfactants as synthetic technical products and of nonylphenolic compounds as environmental contaminants. (royalsocietypublishing.org)

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) biodegradation in contaminated sediment is an attractive remediation technique and its success depends on the optimal condition for the PAH-degrading isolates. (biomedcentral.com)
The role of humic acid (HA) in the biodegradation of toxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been the subject of controversy, particularly in unsaturated environments. (unt.edu)
The intensive production of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by anthropogenic activities is a serious environmental problem. (springer.com)

Kümmerer, Klaus 2018-04-17 00:00:00 Mercaptocarboxylic acids and their esters, a class of difunctional compounds bearing both a mercapto and a carboxylic acid or ester functional group, are industrial chemicals of potential environmental concern. (deepdyve.com)
Biodegradation of such compounds was systematically investigated here, both by literature search and by experiments (Closed Bottle Test OECD 301D and Manometric Respirometry Test OECD 301F). (deepdyve.com)
It is therefore of interest to better under- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal stand the environmental impact of this class of chemicals, both University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt of the parent compounds and of any transformation products. (deepdyve.com)
Bruno Bock Thiochemicals, 21436 Marschacht, Germany 18394 Environ Sci Pollut Res (2018) 25:18393-18411 The present study should help to obtain a general view of biodegradation of monofunctional compound classes, the these compounds' biodegradation behaviour, by comparing problem of biodegradation of difunctional or even more com- literature data with our own experimental data to be generated. (deepdyve.com)
The physical and chemical characteristics of the compounds, as well as environmental factors, may influence their biodegradability. (journalijdr.com)
To date, little isotope fractionation information is available for the biodegradation of quinolinic compounds. (springer.com)
This reveals a potential advantage for employing quinoline as the model compound and hydrogen isotope analysis for assessing aerobic biodegradation of quinolinic compounds. (springer.com)
The results indicate that the substrate specificity may have a significant influence on the isotope fractionation for the biodegradation of quinolinic compounds. (springer.com)
Acinetobacter strains isolated from the environment are capable of the biodegradation of a wide range of aromatic compounds. (bionity.com)
The danger of these compounds is not due to the dye itself, but to intermediate products produced through biodegradation of the dyes (Varjani et al. (academicjournals.org)
Boyd SA, Shelton DR, Berry D, Tiedje JM (1983) Anaerobic biodegradation of phenolic-compounds in digested-sludge. (springer.com)
However, several strains of fungi were identified which have been reported to mediate cometabolic biodegradation of these compounds. (calpoly.edu)
Alkylphenolic compounds derived from microbial degradation of non-ionic surfactants became a major focus of environmental research in the early 1980s. (royalsocietypublishing.org)
The increase in knowledge on the environmental occurrence and fate of nonylphenolic compounds was strongly promoted by the evolution in analytical methodology. (royalsocietypublishing.org)

In environmental microbiology , genome -based global studies are increasing the understanding of metabolic and regulatory networks, as well as providing new information on the evolution of degradation pathways and molecular adaptation strategies to changing environmental conditions. (wikipedia.org)
This degradation is sometimes termed "OXO-degradable", but this latter term describes only the first or oxidative phase of degradation and should not be used for material which degrades by the process of OXO-biodegradation as defined by CEN. (wikipedia.org)
2. Oxo-biodegradation is "degradation resulting from oxidative and cell-mediated phenomena, either simultaneously or successively. (wikipedia.org)
OXO-degradation has been studied at the Eurofins laboratory in Spain, where on 25 July 2017 they noted 88.9% biodegradation in 121 days, The statements about biodegradation of oxo-degradable plastics have however been disputed by the EU. (wikipedia.org)
In the case of bioaugmentation with Pseudomonas .spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and consortium, phenanthrene degradation efficiency were 87.8%, 85.5% and 92.8%, respectively, presenting the positive effect of biodegradation in consortium augmented compared to the isolated one. (bvsalud.org)
Although addition of more mazut increased the rate of biodegradation but percentage of degradation decreased. (biomedcentral.com)
Many known biodegraders of the COIs were identified in the literature review along with the most common pathways of biodegradation and degradation rates observed in field and laboratory studies. (calpoly.edu)

While a persistent chemical is a potential threat to Biodegradability in an aerobic aquatic phase is a key ele- the environment, a chemical that is readily biodegraded to ment in the environmental assessment of chemicals and is products such as CO and H O (mineralisation) will not 2 2 therefore generally considered in national and international cause any harm to the environment. (deepdyve.com)
Little oxygen is expected to reach the water table because of the aerobic biodegradation process in the unsaturated zone. (umass.edu)
2009. Aerobic biodegradation of N-nitrosodimethylamine by the propanotroph Rhodococcus ruber ENV425. (iuk.edu)

The book is important for both students and researchers wishing to increase their understanding in the field of petroleum biodegradation and environmental meta-genome biotechnology. (eurobuch.com)
With focus on the practical use of modern biotechnology for environmental sustainability, this book provides a thoughtful. (betterread.com.au)
The fourth International Symposium of the International Society for Environmental Biotechnology was held on the campus of Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, on June 20-25, 1998, with an attendance of several hundred people. (indigo.ca)
This meeting included technical presentations of state-of-the-art research which were integrated with tutorials and workshops by practising technologists in the broad field of environmental biotechnology. (indigo.ca)
Environmental biotechnology is an emerging field of scientific and technological investigations that is truly global. (indigo.ca)
Furthermore, popular recognition is high for the environmental problems being faced and solved by biotechnology methods. (indigo.ca)
topic of research paper in Environmental biotechnology. (cyberleninka.org)

In a 2017 report it was stated that the biodegradation of the fragmented pieces is only partially supported Oxo-biodegradable plastic degrades in the presence of oxygen. (wikipedia.org)

Microbial growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the solubilized hydrocarbon was found to be stimulated by all of the non-ionic surfactants tested, with varying degrees of enhancements in the rate of biodegradation compared to that found in the absence of surfactant. (rice.edu)
Once the lag time was complete, the rate of biodegradation increased with increasing retardation factor. (illinois.edu)

Anaerobic biodegradation takes place in the absence of oxygen. (thebiologynotes.com)
Anaerobic biodegradation is done under oxygen-absent environments. (thebiologynotes.com)
Anaerobic biodegradation of 4-alkylphenols in a paddy soil microcosm supplemented with nitrate. (biomedsearch.com)

Based on our analysis we hypothesize that the rhizosphere-specific pathways involved in xenobiotics biodegradation could provide the microbiome with functional flexibility to respond to plant stress status. (frontiersin.org)
The aim of this work is to summarize the knowledge about the biotransformation and/or biodegradation of polycyclic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and to present their biotransformation pathways. (cyberleninka.org)

Role of a halothermophilic bacterial consortium for the biodegradation of PAHs and the treatment of petroleum wastewater at extreme conditions. (springer.com)
Improvement of simultaneous Cr(VI) and phenol removal by an immobilised bacterial consortium and characterisation of biodegradation products. (springer.com)

Biodegradation of anthracene and several PAHs by the marine-derived fungus C ladosporium sp. (springer.com)

However, when used properly, biodegradation can also be beneficial and reduce pollution from animal wastes. (intechopen.com)
Environmental Pollution 173 (2013). (wur.nl)
showed after 21 days of incubation Utilization of fly-ash, produced by thermal power plants in different fields to control environmental pollution has given due importance for the last many years. (scribd.com)
The astronomical increase in world population, modern industrialization and civilization, domestic and agricultural activities and other geological, environmental and global changes are responsible for water pollution (Ali, 2010). (scribd.com)
Environmental Pollution , 220, 549-556. (bgs.ac.uk)

The work presented in this paper investigated the effects of plant species composition, species diversity and soil fertility on biodegradation of 14C-phenanthrene in soil. (wur.nl)
Laboratory studies using soil samples from a former gas works site showed that PAH in the soil were present in a form resistant to biodegradation, whereas added naphthalene and phenanthrene were quickly degraded. (osti.gov)
Biodegradation of phenanthrene by Rhizobium petrolearium SL-1. (semanticscholar.org)

Volatilization is shown to be a significant transport mechanism for hydrocarbons at Traverse City, and biodegradation prevents the escape of appreciable contamination to the atmosphere for most locations at this site. (umass.edu)

Developing an improved understanding of enhanced biodegradation is of great importance in remediation of contaminated soils and aquifers and in cleanup of oil spills. (rice.edu)
Collectively this study suggests that microbes present in SSFL soils are capable of biodegrading PHCs, and the genes for such biodegradation are actively being expressed. (calpoly.edu)

This volume incorporates 13 contributions from renowned experts from the relevant research fields that are related biodegradable and biobased polymers and their environmental and biomedical applications. (wiley.com)

An ongoing study of biodegradation rates of polymers has led to the development of a new ASTM International standard, D7473, Test Method for Weight Attrition of Plastic Materials in the Marine Environment by Open System Aquarium Incubations. (environmental-expert.com)

co-culture on crude oil biodegradation and biosurfactant production. (springer.com)

therefore kinetics of biodegradation of mazut has to be studied by new models. (biomedcentral.com)

The goal of this dissertation was to develop a versatile groundwater transport model capable of incorporating various types of biodegradation kinetic sub-models, and to use the model to examine the interaction between transport and biodegradation processes in a two-dimensional heterogeneous aquifer. (illinois.edu)

Due to its high solubility in water, resistance to biodegradation under natural conditions, and ineffective removal by technologies, 1,4-Dioxane tends to persist in wastewater and groundwater. (environmental-expert.com)
This system could produce hydrogen anyplace that there is wastewater near sea water," said Bruce E. Logan, Kappe Professor of Environmental Engineering. (environmental-expert.com)
The workshop brought together a multidisciplinary group of experts in environmental health, the presence and behavior of plastics in the environment, agriculture, wastewater treatment, and science policy to discuss what is known about microplastics and environmental health, what research is needed to fill gaps in current knowledge, and how emerging science could help address these gaps to provide an improved basis for public policy. (nap.edu)
Research is carried out using glucose?glutamic acid and domestic wastewater to evaluate the amendment of chlorides on biodegradation of sewage at 20?C. The findings confirm the hypothesis of biological oxidation rate ?k? (omicsonline.org)
The Role of Colloidal Systems in Environmental Protection describes the importance of colloids in many applications that contribute to environmental protection, including drinking water and wastewater treatment, heavy metal remediation, treatment of radioactive materials, corrosion, and energy conversion. (elsevier.com)

Mustard gas contaminate soil: Understanding the mechanisms and parameters governing contaminant behavior and biodegradation. (lancs.ac.uk)

The identity of isolated organisms was compared to information from the literature to assess the likelihood of COI biodegradation at SSFL. (calpoly.edu)

Concurrent to biodegradation, abiotic processes were observed in the experiments, rapid oxidative formation of disulfides (dimerisation of monomercaptans and cyclisation of dimercaptans) and hydrolysis of esters. (deepdyve.com)
This chapter will describe in detail the different processes involved in the biodegradation of manure, the emissions that are produced as well as how biodegradation can be used to treat both the manure and the emissions from manure management. (intechopen.com)
Overall, the results indicated the potential use of B. salmalaya 139SI in environmental remediation processes. (mdpi.com)

This review paper covers in-depth knowledge of pyrethroids and recommends possible solutions to minimize their environmental toxicity. (frontiersin.org)

The effect of several nonionic and anionic surfactants and their mixtures on the biodegradation of n-decane was investigated. (rice.edu)

Associations between environmental quality and infant mortality in the United States, 2000-2005. (epa.gov)

This new and innovative remediation technology was developed to stop migrating groundwater contaminant plumes by rapidly reducing contaminant concentrations with a sorptive medium while also enhancing or accelerating microbial-driven biodegradation process. (environmental-expert.com)
Environmental science and engineering biological remediation of explosive residues. (degruyter.com)

In addition, total PCB levels were from four to seven times lower than the closer precedents for the area (18-26 years ago) indicating a progress in the environmental release and biota exposure of PCBs and posing an objective indicator of success of the present international elimination programme. (cambridge.org)
Finally, calculated TEQs TCDD levels raised a concern in regards to environmental safety, showing guideline values to be widely exceeded and the occasional occurrence of positive correlations between PCBs bioaccumulation vs . sexual immaturity. (cambridge.org)

Biodegradation has been the subject of active concern for the past 40 years. (indigo.ca)
Biodegradation of chemicals of environmental concern. (cdc.gov)

The biodegradation of tert-butylphenyl diphenyl phosphate (BPDP) was examined in microcosms containing sediment and water from five different ecosystems as part of our studies to elucidate the environmental fate of phosphate ester flame retardants. (asm.org)
Biodegradation of the benzo a pyrene-contaminated sediment of the Jiaozhou Bay wetland using Pseudomonas sp. (springer.com)

The structure of the extant transcriptional control network of the TOL plasmid pWW0 born by Pseudomonas putida mt-2 for biodegradation of m-xylene is far more complex than one would consider necessary from a mere engineering point of view. (wur.nl)

Biodegradation is a microorganism-mediated decomposition of organic matter. (thebiologynotes.com)
Furthermore, vanillin and its biodegradation products were relatively temperature-stable based on a temperature test of supernatant from a 24-hour culture, however, when the 72-hour culture had been subjected to the highest temperature (60 °C) some spontaneous decomposition occurred. (diva-portal.org)

However, there is also some use in consumer products, [email protected] e.g. several thousand tons per year of thioglycolic acid and its 1 salts go into cosmetic and cleaning formulations and are there- Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Leuphana fore released to the environment directly or indirectly via sew- University Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany 2 age treatment plants. (deepdyve.com)

The importance of groundwater as a resource and as a critical component in many environmental issues is widely recognized. (uu.nl)

Environmental Behaviour -- 5.1. (epa.gov)

Hydrolysis of ester bond by enzyme esterase/carboxyl esterase is the initial step in pyrethroid biodegradation. (frontiersin.org)

Pursuant to section 74 of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 (CEPA 1999), the Ministers of the Environment and of Health have conducted a screening assessment of 1,3-butadiene, 2-methyl- (isoprene), Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number (CAS RN) 78-79-5. (gc.ca)

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health , 79, 165-173. (bgs.ac.uk)

Serves an important function in presenting a complete picture of biodegradation in the environment. (indigo.ca)
citation needed] The timescale for complete biodegradation at any time or place in the open environment is much shorter than for "conventional" plastics, which in normal environments are very slow to biodegrade and cause large scale harm. (wikipedia.org)
biodegradation of up to 91% has been obversed in a soil environment within 24 months, when tested in accordance with ISO 17556. (wikipedia.org)
The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) is expanding and accelerating its contributions to scientific knowledge of human health and the environment, and to the health and well-being of people everywhere. (nih.gov)
Environmental microbiology is the study of the composition and physiology of microbial communities in the environment. (bionity.com)
2010). Many treatment techniques have been em- ployed in the past few years to reduce the con- centration of phenol in the environment, includ- ing biodegradation , adsorption, ion exchange, and the use of bioactive activated carbon (Pathade et al. (degruyter.com)
The Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 (CEPA 1999) (Canada 1999) requires the Minister of the Environment and the Minister of Health to conduct screening assessments of substances that have met the categorization criteria set out in the Act to determine whether these substances present or may present a risk to the environment or human health. (gc.ca)

The results showed that after 24 hours of incubation, the model microorganism, strain FMYD002, had consumed some of the vanillin and transformed it into biodegradation products. (diva-portal.org)
AC-11 strain isolated from a tropical peat was selected for immobilization into chitosan beads, which were employed in the biodegradation of fluoranthene. (springer.com)
Factors affecting the biodegradation of cyanide by Burkholderia cepacia strain C-3. (degruyter.com)

On January 27-28, 2020, the Standing Committee on the Use of Emerging Science for Environmental Health Decisions of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop to explore emerging technologies to advance research on and improve decisions about the environmental health effects of microplastics. (nap.edu)

Chemical analyses of the residues in the microcosms indicated undegraded BPDP and minor amounts of phenol, tert-butylphenol, diphenyl phosphate, and triphenyl phosphate as biodegradation products. (asm.org)
EMBs were then operated in both batch and continuous configurations, obtaining 99% biodegradation ofiii benzene and phenol after 72 hours, MEK biodegradation of =96% and acetic acid removal up to its ionization point. (queensu.ca)

Characterization of microbial growth in lignin-based residues and biodegradation of vanillin: : Optimizing factors for maximizing the extraction of a biodegradation compound of vanillin and investigating the potential for lipid accumulation. (diva-portal.org)

Bulk carbon and hydrogen enrichment factors ( ε bulk ) for quinoline biodegradation were −1.2 ± 0.1 and −38 ± 1‰, respectively, while −0.7 ± 0.1 and −5 ± 1‰ for 3-methylquinoline, respectively. (springer.com)
TLC retention factors and GC chromatograms revealed that the main biodegradation product after 24 hours - when compared to a standard - is likely to be to vanillyl alcohol. (diva-portal.org)
Non-biological factors such as temperature, pH, oxygen level and structure and concentration of dye help in biodegradation process (Ajaz et al. (academicjournals.org)

Problematic dyes extensively used in different industries such as textile , paper , food , plastics and cosmetics have undesirable environmental effects. (bvsalud.org)

International Journal of Environmental Research. (bvsalud.org)

Fish have been used in in vivo studies by researchers for decades to assess bioaccumulation, metabolism, and environmental risk. (thermofisher.com)

Taguchi L 16 (4 5 ) was employed to evaluate the optimum biodegradation of Phe and Flu by the enriched consortium. (biomedcentral.com)

Fungal biodegradation: In biomass deconstruction (bioconversion) research, enzymes are typically used to depolymerize the components of biomass. (umass.edu)

NIEHS research uses state-of-the-art science and technology to investigate the interplay between environmental exposures, human biology, genetics, and common diseases to help prevent disease and improve human health. (nih.gov)
The application of molecular biology and genomics to environmental microbiology has led to the discovery of a huge complexity in natural communities of microbes. (bionity.com)

Anatomy3

Organisms40

Chemicals and Drugs139

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment13

Phenomena and Processes23

Disciplines and Occupations5

Technology, Industry, Agriculture16

Information Science2

Health Care33

Geographicals2

Complete sequence of a 184-kilobase catabolic plasmid from Sphingomonas aromaticivorans F199. (1/3156)

Purification and characterization of gentisate 1,2-dioxygenases from Pseudomonas alcaligenes NCIB 9867 and Pseudomonas putida NCIB 9869. (2/3156)

Effect of phenylurea herbicides on soil microbial communities estimated by analysis of 16S rRNA gene fingerprints and community-level physiological profiles. (3/3156)

Anaerobic oxidation of o-xylene, m-xylene, and homologous alkylbenzenes by new types of sulfate-reducing bacteria. (4/3156)

Involvement of two plasmids in the degradation of carbaryl by Arthrobacter sp. strain RC100. (5/3156)

Purification and characterization of a novel peroxidase from Geotrichum candidum dec 1 involved in decolorization of dyes. (6/3156)

Decolorization and detoxification of extraction-stage effluent from chlorine bleaching of kraft pulp by Rhizopus oryzae. (7/3156)

Degradation of chloronitrobenzenes by a coculture of Pseudomonas putida and a Rhodococcus sp. (8/3156)

Biodegradation, Environmental

Soil Pollutants

Soil Microbiology

Hydrocarbons

Petroleum

Water Pollutants, Chemical

Chlorophenols

Alkanes

Bacteria

Sewage

Water Microbiology

Phenol

Chlorobenzenes

Fuel Oils

Toluene

Creosote

Pseudomonas

Rhodococcus

Biotransformation

tert-Butyl Alcohol

Sphingomonas

Chlorobenzoates

Water Pollution, Chemical

Hydrocarbons, Aromatic

Cresols

Scenedesmus

Trichloroethylene

Pentachlorophenol

Water Pollutants

Dichloroethylenes

Surface-Active Agents

Ralstonia

Benzene Derivatives

Propane

Benzene

Phenanthrenes

Aerobiosis

Vinyl Chloride

Lindane

Environmental Pollutants

Anaerobiosis

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Lignin

Methane

Polyporaceae

Dioxygenases

Phenols

Dodecanol

Garbage

Pseudomonas putida

Gasoline

Xylenes

Bacteria, Aerobic

Ethylene Dibromide

Fresh Water

Nitrilotriacetic Acid

Arthrobacter

Sodium Benzoate

Hydrocarbons, Halogenated

Industrial Waste

Decanoates

Basidiomycota

Octanes

Microbial Consortia

Laccase

RNA, Ribosomal, 16S

Ethylene Dichlorides

Oxygenases

Biodegradable Plastics

Catechols

Trinitrotoluene

Naphthalenes

Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic

Waste Disposal, Fluid

Refuse Disposal

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Phanerochaete

Bromobenzoates

Bioreactors

Biotechnology