Biodegradation environmental. Medical search

Elimination of ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; PESTICIDES and other waste using living organisms, usually involving intervention of environmental or sanitation engineers.

Substances which pollute the soil. Use for soil pollutants in general or for which there is no specific heading.

The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in the soil. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.

Naturally occurring complex liquid hydrocarbons which, after distillation, yield combustible fuels, petrochemicals, and lubricants.

Chemical compounds which pollute the water of rivers, streams, lakes, the sea, reservoirs, or other bodies of water.

Phenols substituted with one or more chlorine atoms in any position.

The generic name for the group of aliphatic hydrocarbons Cn-H2n+2. They are denoted by the suffix -ane. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.

Refuse liquid or waste matter carried off by sewers.

The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in water. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.

An antiseptic and disinfectant aromatic alcohol.

Complex petroleum hydrocarbons consisting mainly of residues from crude oil distillation. These liquid products include heating oils, stove oils, and furnace oils and are burned to generate energy.

A widely used industrial solvent.

A greasy substance with a smoky odor and burned taste created by high temperature treatment of BEECH and other WOOD; COAL TAR; or resin of the CREOSOTE BUSH. It contains CRESOLS and POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS which are CARCINOGENS. It has been widely used as wood preservative and in PESTICIDES and had former use medicinally in DISINFECTANTS; LAXATIVES; and DERMATOLOGIC AGENTS.

A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria widely distributed in nature. Some species are pathogenic for humans, animals, and plants.

A bacterial genus of the order ACTINOMYCETALES.

The chemical alteration of an exogenous substance by or in a biological system. The alteration may inactivate the compound or it may result in the production of an active metabolite of an inactive parent compound. The alterations may be divided into METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE I and METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE II.

A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria characterized by an outer membrane that contains glycosphingolipids but lacks lipopolysaccharide. They have the ability to degrade a broad range of substituted aromatic compounds.

Benzoic acid or benzoic acid esters substituted with one or more chlorine atoms.

Adverse effect upon bodies of water (LAKES; RIVERS; seas; groundwater etc.) caused by CHEMICAL WATER POLLUTANTS.

Organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen in the form of an unsaturated, usually hexagonal ring structure. The compounds can be single ring, or double, triple, or multiple fused rings.

A genus of GREEN ALGAE in the family Scenedesmaceae. It forms colonies of usually four or eight cylindrical cells that are widely distributed in freshwater and SOIL.

A highly volatile inhalation anesthetic used mainly in short surgical procedures where light anesthesia with good analgesia is required. It is also used as an industrial solvent. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the vapor can lead to cardiotoxicity and neurological impairment.

An insecticide and herbicide that has also been used as a wood preservative. Pentachlorphenol is a widespread environmental pollutant. Both chronic and acute pentachlorophenol poisoning are medical concerns. The range of its biological actions is still being actively explored, but it is clearly a potent enzyme inhibitor and has been used as such as an experimental tool.

Substances or organisms which pollute the water or bodies of water. Use for water pollutants in general or those for which there is no specific heading.

Toxic chlorinated unsaturated hydrocarbons. Include both the 1,1- and 1,2-dichloro isomers. Both isomers are toxic, but 1,1-dichloroethylene is the more potent CNS depressant and hepatotoxin. It is used in the manufacture of thermoplastic polymers.

Agents that modify interfacial tension of water; usually substances that have one lipophilic and one hydrophilic group in the molecule; includes soaps, detergents, emulsifiers, dispersing and wetting agents, and several groups of antiseptics.

A genus in the family BURKHOLDERIACEAE, comprised of many species. They are associated with a variety of infections including MENINGITIS; PERITONITIS; and URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS.

Toxic, volatile, flammable liquid hydrocarbon byproduct of coal distillation. It is used as an industrial solvent in paints, varnishes, lacquer thinners, gasoline, etc. Benzene causes central nervous system damage acutely and bone marrow damage chronically and is carcinogenic. It was formerly used as parasiticide.

Life or metabolic reactions occurring in an environment containing oxygen.

A gas that has been used as an aerosol propellant and is the starting material for polyvinyl resins. Toxicity studies have shown various adverse effects, particularly the occurrence of liver neoplasms.

An organochlorine insecticide that has been used as a pediculicide and a scabicide. It has been shown to cause cancer.

Substances or energies, for example heat or light, which when introduced into the air, water, or land threaten life or health of individuals or ECOSYSTEMS.

The complete absence, or (loosely) the paucity, of gaseous or dissolved elemental oxygen in a given place or environment. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

An herbicide with irritant effects on the eye and the gastrointestinal system.

The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

A family of bracket fungi, order POLYPORALES, living in decaying plant matter and timber.

Non-heme iron-containing enzymes that incorporate two atoms of OXYGEN into the substrate. They are important in biosynthesis of FLAVONOIDS; GIBBERELLINS; and HYOSCYAMINE; and for degradation of AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS.

Benzene derivatives that include one or more hydroxyl groups attached to the ring structure.

A saturated 12-carbon fatty alcohol obtained from coconut oil fatty acids. It has a floral odor and is used in detergents, lubricating oils, and pharmaceuticals. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

Discarded animal and vegetable matter from a kitchen or the refuse from food preparation. (From Random House College Dictionary, 1982)

A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria isolated from soil and water as well as clinical specimens. Occasionally it is an opportunistic pathogen.

Volative flammable fuel (liquid hydrocarbons) derived from crude petroleum by processes such as distillation reforming, polymerization, etc.

A family of isomeric, colorless aromatic hydrocarbon liquids, that contain the general formula C6H4(CH3)2. They are produced by the destructive distillation of coal or by the catalytic reforming of petroleum naphthenic fractions. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

An effective soil fumigant, insecticide, and nematocide. In humans, it causes severe burning of skin and irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract. Prolonged inhalation may cause liver necrosis. It is also used in gasoline. Members of this group have caused liver and lung cancers in rodents. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), 1,2-dibromoethane may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen.

Water containing no significant amounts of salts, such as water from RIVERS and LAKES.

A derivative of acetic acid, N(CH2COOH)3. It is a complexing (sequestering) agent that forms stable complexes with Zn2+. (From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed.)

A genus of asporogenous bacteria isolated from soil that displays a distinctive rod-coccus growth cycle.

The sodium salt of BENZOIC ACID. It is used as an antifungal preservative in pharmaceutical preparations and foods. It may also be used as a test for liver function.

Worthless, damaged, defective, superfluous or effluent material from industrial operations.

Salts and esters of the 10-carbon monocarboxylic acid-decanoic acid.

A phylum of fungi that produce their sexual spores (basidiospores) on the outside of the basidium. It includes forms commonly known as mushrooms, boletes, puffballs, earthstars, stinkhorns, bird's-nest fungi, jelly fungi, bracket or shelf fungi, and rust and smut fungi.

Eight-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.

A group of different species of microorganisms that act together as a community.

A copper-containing oxidoreductase enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of 4-benzenediol to 4-benzosemiquinone. It also has activity towards a variety of O-quinols and P-quinols. It primarily found in FUNGI and is involved in LIGNIN degradation, pigment biosynthesis and detoxification of lignin-derived products.

Constituent of 30S subunit prokaryotic ribosomes containing 1600 nucleotides and 21 proteins. 16S rRNA is involved in initiation of polypeptide synthesis.

Toxic, chlorinated, saturated hydrocarbons. Include both the 1,1- and 1,2-dichloro isomers. The latter is considerably more toxic. It has a sweet taste, ethereal odor and has been used as a fumigant and intoxicant among sniffers. Has many household and industrial uses.

Oxidases that specifically introduce DIOXYGEN-derived oxygen atoms into a variety of organic molecules.

Organic polymeric materials which can be broken down by naturally occurring processes. This includes plastics created from bio-based or petrochemical-based materials.

A group of 1,2-benzenediols that contain the general formula R-C6H5O2.

A 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, which is an explosive chemical that can cause skin irritation and other toxic consequences.

Two-ring crystalline hydrocarbons isolated from coal tar. They are used as intermediates in chemical synthesis, as insect repellents, fungicides, lubricants, preservatives, and, formerly, as topical antiseptics.

A major group of unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons containing two or more rings. The vast number of compounds of this important group, derived chiefly from petroleum and coal tar, are rather highly reactive and chemically versatile. The name is due to the strong and not unpleasant odor characteristic of most substances of this nature. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p96)

The discarding or destroying of liquid waste products or their transformation into something useful or innocuous.

The discarding or destroying of garbage, sewage, or other waste matter or its transformation into something useful or innocuous.

A microanalytical technique combining mass spectrometry and gas chromatography for the qualitative as well as quantitative determinations of compounds.

A genus of fungi in the family Corticiaceae, order Stereales, that degrades lignin. The white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium is a frequently used species in research.

Benzoic acid or benzoic acid esters substituted with one or more bromine atoms.

Tools or devices for generating products using the synthetic or chemical conversion capacity of a biological system. They can be classical fermentors, cell culture perfusion systems, or enzyme bioreactors. For production of proteins or enzymes, recombinant microorganisms such as bacteria, mammalian cells, or insect or plant cells are usually chosen.

Body of knowledge related to the use of organisms, cells or cell-derived constituents for the purpose of developing products which are technically, scientifically and clinically useful. Alteration of biologic function at the molecular level (i.e., GENETIC ENGINEERING) is a central focus; laboratory methods used include TRANSFECTION and CLONING technologies, sequence and structure analysis algorithms, computer databases, and gene and protein structure function analysis and prediction.

A class in the phylum PROTEOBACTERIA comprised of chemoheterotrophs and chemoautotrophs which derive nutrients from decomposition of organic material.

Release of oil into the environment usually due to human activity.

Implants constructed of materials designed to be absorbed by the body without producing an immune response. They are usually composed of plastics and are frequently used in orthopedics and orthodontics.

The salinated water of OCEANS AND SEAS that provides habitat for marine organisms.

A family of gram-negative, asporogenous rods or ovoid cells, aerobic or facultative anaerobic chemoorganotrophs. They are commonly isolated from SOIL, activated sludge, or marine environments.

A hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent. It has been used as an aerosal propellent, as a refrigerant and as a local anesthetic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p1403)

A genus of the family BRUCELLACEAE comprising obligately aerobic gram-negative rods with parallel sides and rounded ends.

A species of gram-negative bacteria in the genus PSEUDOMONAS. It cannot utilize FRUCTOSE; GLUCOSE; or MALTOSE for energy.

A kingdom of eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that live parasitically as saprobes, including MUSHROOMS; YEASTS; smuts, molds, etc. They reproduce either sexually or asexually, and have life cycles that range from simple to complex. Filamentous fungi, commonly known as molds, refer to those that grow as multicellular colonies.

A genus of basidiomycetous fungi, family POLYPORACEAE, order POLYPORALES, that grows on logs or tree stumps in shelflike layers. The species P. ostreatus, the oyster mushroom, is a choice edible species and is the most frequently encountered member of the genus in eastern North America. (Alexopoulos et al., Introductory Mycology, 4th ed, p531)

Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.

A mass of organic or inorganic solid fragmented material, or the solid fragment itself, that comes from the weathering of rock and is carried by, suspended in, or dropped by air, water, or ice. It refers also to a mass that is accumulated by any other natural agent and that forms in layers on the earth's surface, such as sand, gravel, silt, mud, fill, or loess. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1689)

A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).

Substances that are energetically unstable and can produce a sudden expansion of the material, called an explosion, which is accompanied by heat, pressure and noise. Other things which have been described as explosive that are not included here are explosive action of laser heating, human performance, sudden epidemiological outbreaks, or fast cell growth.

DNA sequences encoding RIBOSOMAL RNA and the segments of DNA separating the individual ribosomal RNA genes, referred to as RIBOSOMAL SPACER DNA.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

The unconsolidated mineral or organic matter on the surface of the earth that serves as a natural medium for the growth of land plants.

A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria. Organisms in this genus had originally been classified as members of the PSEUDOMONAS genus but overwhelming biochemical and chemical findings indicated the need to separate them from other Pseudomonas species, and hence, this new genus was created.

Total mass of all the organisms of a given type and/or in a given area. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990) It includes the yield of vegetative mass produced from any given crop.

Partially saturated 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene compounds.

Derivatives of adipic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a 1,6-carboxy terminated aliphatic structure.

Pesticides used to destroy unwanted vegetation, especially various types of weeds, grasses (POACEAE), and woody plants. Some plants develop HERBICIDE RESISTANCE.

A genus of gram-positive BACTERIA in the family Gordoniaceae, isolated from soil and from sputa of patients with chest disorders. It is also used for biotransformation of natural products.

Drugs and their metabolites which are found in the edible tissues and milk of animals after their medication with specific drugs. This term can also apply to drugs found in adipose tissue of humans after drug treatment.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

A selective triazine herbicide. Inhalation hazard is low and there are no apparent skin manifestations or other toxicity in humans. Acutely poisoned sheep and cattle may show muscular spasms, fasciculations, stiff gait, increased respiratory rates, adrenal degeneration, and congestion of the lungs, liver, and kidneys. (From The Merck Index, 11th ed)

Industrial chemicals which have become widespread environmental pollutants. Each aroclor is a mixture of chlorinated biphenyls (1200 series) or chlorinated terphenyls (5400 series) or a combination of both (4400 series).

Complex sets of enzymatic reactions connected to each other via their product and substrate metabolites.

A broad class of substances containing carbon and its derivatives. Many of these chemicals will frequently contain hydrogen with or without oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and other elements. They exist in either carbon chain or carbon ring form.

Tricyclic ethylene-bridged naphthalene derivatives. They are found in petroleum residues and coal tar and used as dye intermediates, in the manufacture of plastics, and in insecticides and fungicides.

A genus of fungi in the family Coriolaceae.

Industrial products consisting of a mixture of chlorinated biphenyl congeners and isomers. These compounds are highly lipophilic and tend to accumulate in fat stores of animals. Many of these compounds are considered toxic and potential environmental pollutants.

The extraction and recovery of usable or valuable material from scrap or other discarded materials. (from McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed.)

A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.

A family of gram-negative aerobic bacteria in the class BETA PROTEOBACTERIA, encompassing the acidovorans rRNA complex. Some species are pathogenic for PLANTS.

Heterocyclic rings containing three nitrogen atoms, commonly in 1,2,4 or 1,3,5 or 2,4,6 formats. Some are used as HERBICIDES.

A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria found in wet soil containing decaying organic material and in water. Cells tend to be pleomorphic if grown on media containing succinate or coccoid if grown in the presence of an alcohol as the sole carbon source. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)

A group of compounds that has the general structure of a dicarboxylic acid-substituted benzene ring. The ortho-isomer is used in dye manufacture. (Dorland, 28th ed)

A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, motile bacteria that occur in water and soil. Some are common inhabitants of the intestinal tract of vertebrates. These bacteria occasionally cause opportunistic infections in humans.

Enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of a carbon-carbon bond by means other than hydrolysis or oxidation. This subclass contains the DECARBOXYLASES, the ALDEHYDE-LYASES, and the OXO-ACID-LYASES. EC 4.1.

An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of catechol to muconic acid with the use of Fe3+ as a cofactor. This enzyme was formerly characterized as EC 1.13.1.1 and EC 1.99.2.2.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.

A vinyl polymer made from ethylene. It can be branched or linear. Branched or low-density polyethylene is tough and pliable but not to the same degree as linear polyethylene. Linear or high-density polyethylene has a greater hardness and tensile strength. Polyethylene is used in a variety of products, including implants and prostheses.

The body of a fungus which is made up of HYPHAE.

Organic compounds containing the carboxy group (-COOH). This group of compounds includes amino acids and fatty acids. Carboxylic acids can be saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic.

The study of microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, algae, archaea, and viruses.

Disposal, processing, controlling, recycling, and reusing the solid, liquid, and gaseous wastes of plants, animals, humans, and other organisms. It includes control within a closed ecological system to maintain a habitable environment.

Contamination of the air, bodies of water, or land with substances that are harmful to human health and the environment.

Sulfonic acid derivatives that are substituted with an aliphatic hydrocarbon group.

Liquid water present beneath the surface of the earth.

An herbicide with strong irritant properties. Use of this compound on rice fields, orchards, sugarcane, rangeland, and other noncrop sites was terminated by the EPA in 1985. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

A nonmetallic element with atomic symbol C, atomic number 6, and atomic weight [12.0096; 12.0116]. It may occur as several different allotropes including DIAMOND; CHARCOAL; and GRAPHITE; and as SOOT from incompletely burned fuel.

A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria widely distributed in SOIL and WATER. Its organisms are also found in raw meats, MILK and other FOOD, hospital environments, and human clinical specimens. Some species are pathogenic in humans.

Hydrocarbon compounds with one or more of the hydrogens replaced by CHLORINE.

Polymers of organic acids and alcohols, with ester linkages--usually polyethylene terephthalate; can be cured into hard plastic, films or tapes, or fibers which can be woven into fabrics, meshes or velours.

Native, inorganic or fossilized organic substances having a definite chemical composition and formed by inorganic reactions. They may occur as individual crystals or may be disseminated in some other mineral or rock. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Unctuous combustible substances that are liquid or easily liquefiable on warming, and are soluble in ether but insoluble in water. Such substances, depending on their origin, are classified as animal, mineral, or vegetable oils. Depending on their behavior on heating, they are volatile or fixed. (Dorland, 28th ed)

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

Chemical substances that are foreign to the biological system. They include naturally occurring compounds, drugs, environmental agents, carcinogens, insecticides, etc.

A gram-positive organism found in dairy products, fresh and salt water, marine organisms, insects, and decaying organic matter.

Microscopy in which the object is examined directly by an electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point. The image is constructed by detecting the products of specimen interactions that are projected above the plane of the sample, such as backscattered electrons. Although SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY also scans the specimen point by point with the electron beam, the image is constructed by detecting the electrons, or their interaction products that are transmitted through the sample plane, so that is a form of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

A carbamate insecticide and parasiticide. It is a potent anticholinesterase agent belonging to the carbamate group of reversible cholinesterase inhibitors. It has a particularly low toxicity from dermal absorption and is used for control of head lice in some countries.

An organochlorine insecticide.

Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.

A copolymer of polyethylene and polypropylene ether glycol. It is a non-ionic polyol surface-active agent used medically as a fecal softener and in cattle for prevention of bloat.

The testing of materials and devices, especially those used for PROSTHESES AND IMPLANTS; SUTURES; TISSUE ADHESIVES; etc., for hardness, strength, durability, safety, efficacy, and biocompatibility.

Any of several processes in which undesirable impurities in water are removed or neutralized; for example, chlorination, filtration, primary treatment, ion exchange, and distillation. It includes treatment of WASTE WATER to provide potable and hygienic water in a controlled or closed environment as well as provision of public drinking water supplies.

The adhesion of gases, liquids, or dissolved solids onto a surface. It includes adsorptive phenomena of bacteria and viruses onto surfaces as well. ABSORPTION into the substance may follow but not necessarily.

Liquid, solid, or gaseous waste resulting from mining of radioactive ore, production of reactor fuel materials, reactor operation, processing of irradiated reactor fuels, and related operations, and from use of radioactive materials in research, industry, and medicine. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A genus of gram-negative, strictly aerobic, non-spore forming rods. Soil and water are regarded as the natural habitat. They are sometimes isolated from a hospital environment and humans.

A methylpentose whose L- isomer is found naturally in many plant glycosides and some gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharides.

Flammable, amorphous, vegetable products of secretion or disintegration, usually formed in special cavities of plants. They are generally insoluble in water and soluble in alcohol, carbon tetrachloride, ether, or volatile oils. They are fusible and have a conchoidal fracture. They are the oxidation or polymerization products of the terpenes, and are mixtures of aromatic acids and esters. Most are soft and sticky, but harden after exposure to cold. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed & Dorland, 28th ed)

Phenols substituted in any position by an amino group.

Testing for the amount of biodegradable organic material in a water sample by measuring the quantity of oxygen consumed by biodegradation of those materials over a specific time period.

The force acting on the surface of a liquid, tending to minimize the area of the surface. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Derivatives of BENZOIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxybenzene structure.

Contamination of bodies of water (such as LAKES; RIVERS; SEAS; and GROUNDWATER.)

The type species in the genus RALSTONIA. It is often found in the hospital ward as a contaminant of antiseptic and disinfectant solutions.

A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.

Compounds consisting of two or more fused ring structures.

A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacteria formerly classified as part of the genus XANTHOMONAS.

Cyclic amide of caproic acid used in manufacture of synthetic fibers of the polyamide type. Can cause local irritation.

A highly poisonous substance that was formerly used as an insecticide. The manufacture and use has been discontinued in the U.S. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

Herbaceous biennial plants and their edible bulbs, belonging to the Liliaceae.

Synthetic or natural materials, other than DRUGS, that are used to replace or repair any body TISSUES or bodily function.

The gradual destruction of a metal or alloy due to oxidation or action of a chemical agent. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Organic esters or salts of sulfonic acid derivatives containing an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical.

A selective pre- and post-emergence herbicide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

The spectrum of different living organisms inhabiting a particular region, habitat, or biotope.

A product of hard secondary xylem composed of CELLULOSE, hemicellulose, and LIGNANS, that is under the bark of trees and shrubs. It is used in construction and as a source of CHARCOAL and many other products.

The enrichment of a terrestrial or aquatic ECOSYSTEM by the addition of nutrients, especially nitrogen and phosphorus, that results in a superabundant growth of plants, ALGAE, or other primary producers. It can be a natural process or result from human activity such as agriculture runoff or sewage pollution. In aquatic ecosystems, an increase in the algae population is termed an algal bloom.

Unstable isotopes of carbon that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. C atoms with atomic weights 10, 11, and 14-16 are radioactive carbon isotopes.

Fibrous proteins secreted by INSECTS and SPIDERS. Generally, the term refers to silkworm fibroin secreted by the silk gland cells of SILKWORMS, Bombyx mori. Spider fibroins are called spidroins or dragline silk fibroins.

The first chemical element in the periodic table. It has the atomic symbol H, atomic number 1, and atomic weight [1.00784; 1.00811]. It exists, under normal conditions, as a colorless, odorless, tasteless, diatomic gas. Hydrogen ions are PROTONS. Besides the common H1 isotope, hydrogen exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM and the unstable, radioactive isotope TRITIUM.

A functional system which includes the organisms of a natural community together with their environment. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The Arctic Ocean and the lands in it and adjacent to it. It includes Point Barrow, Alaska, most of the Franklin District in Canada, two thirds of Greenland, Svalbard, Franz Josef Land, Lapland, Novaya Zemlya, and Northern Siberia. (Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p66)

A group of compounds that contain the general formula R-OCH3.

A species of gram-negative, aerobic rods formerly called Pseudomonas testosteroni. It is differentiated from other Comamonas species by its ability to assimilate testosterone and to utilize phenylacetate or maleate as carbon sources.

Any combustible hydrocarbon deposit formed from the remains of prehistoric organisms. Examples are petroleum, coal, and natural gas.

An organochlorine insecticide that is slightly irritating to the skin. (From Merck Index, 11th ed, p482)

Compounds formed by the joining of smaller, usually repeating, units linked by covalent bonds. These compounds often form large macromolecules (e.g., BIOPOLYMERS; PLASTICS).

A non-taxonomic term for unicellular microscopic algae which are found in both freshwater and marine environments. Some authors consider DIATOMS; CYANOBACTERIA; HAPTOPHYTA; and DINOFLAGELLATES as part of microalgae, even though they are not algae.

Microbial, plant, or animal cells which are immobilized by attachment to solid structures, usually a column matrix. A common use of immobilized cells is in biotechnology for the bioconversion of a substrate to a particular product. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

An organochlorine insecticide that is carcinogenic.

Aminobenzenesulfonic acids. Organic acids that are used in the manufacture of dyes and organic chemicals and as reagents.

Biological molecules that possess catalytic activity. They may occur naturally or be synthetically created. Enzymes are usually proteins, however CATALYTIC RNA and CATALYTIC DNA molecules have also been identified.

A man-made compound previously used to control termites and other insects. Even though production of heptachlor was phased out of use in the United States during the late 1980's it remains in soil and hazardous waste sites. It is clearly toxic to animals and humans but, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has determined that heptachlor is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (From ATSDR Public Heath Statement, April 1989)

A spectroscopic technique in which a range of wavelengths is presented simultaneously with an interferometer and the spectrum is mathematically derived from the pattern thus obtained.

Compounds with a benzene ring fused to a thiazole ring.

Compounds which contain the methyl radical substituted with two benzene rings. Permitted are any substituents, but ring fusion to any of the benzene rings is not allowed.

An extensive order of basidiomycetous fungi whose fruiting bodies are commonly called mushrooms.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

Complete sequence of a 184-kilobase catabolic plasmid from Sphingomonas aromaticivorans F199. (1/3156)

The complete 184,457-bp sequence of the aromatic catabolic plasmid, pNL1, from Sphingomonas aromaticivorans F199 has been determined. A total of 186 open reading frames (ORFs) are predicted to encode proteins, of which 79 are likely directly associated with catabolism or transport of aromatic compounds. Genes that encode enzymes associated with the degradation of biphenyl, naphthalene, m-xylene, and p-cresol are predicted to be distributed among 15 gene clusters. The unusual coclustering of genes associated with different pathways appears to have evolved in response to similarities in biochemical mechanisms required for the degradation of intermediates in different pathways. A putative efflux pump and several hypothetical membrane-associated proteins were identified and predicted to be involved in the transport of aromatic compounds and/or intermediates in catabolism across the cell wall. Several genes associated with integration and recombination, including two group II intron-associated maturases, were identified in the replication region, suggesting that pNL1 is able to undergo integration and excision events with the chromosome and/or other portions of the plasmid. Conjugative transfer of pNL1 to another Sphingomonas sp. was demonstrated, and genes associated with this function were found in two large clusters. Approximately one-third of the ORFs (59 of them) have no obvious homology to known genes. (+info)

Purification and characterization of gentisate 1,2-dioxygenases from Pseudomonas alcaligenes NCIB 9867 and Pseudomonas putida NCIB 9869. (2/3156)

Two 3-hydroxybenzoate-inducible gentisate 1,2-dioxygenases were purified to homogeneity from Pseudomonas alcaligenes NCIB 9867 (P25X) and Pseudomonas putida NCIB 9869 (P35X), respectively. The estimated molecular mass of the purified P25X gentisate 1, 2-dioxygenase was 154 kDa, with a subunit mass of 39 kDa. Its structure is deduced to be a tetramer. The pI of this enzyme was established to be 4.8 to 5.0. The subunit mass of P35X gentisate 1, 2-dioxygenase was 41 kDa, and this enzyme was deduced to exist as a dimer, with a native molecular mass of about 82 kDa. The pI of P35X gentisate 1,2-dioxygenase was around 4.6 to 4.8. Both of the gentisate 1,2-dioxygenases exhibited typical saturation kinetics and had apparent Kms of 92 and 143 microM for gentisate, respectively. Broad substrate specificities were exhibited towards alkyl and halogenated gentisate analogs. Both enzymes had similar kinetic turnover characteristics for gentisate, with kcat/Km values of 44.08 x 10(4) s-1 M-1 for the P25X enzyme and 39.34 x 10(4) s-1 M-1 for the P35X enzyme. Higher kcat/Km values were expressed by both enzymes against the substituted gentisates. Significant differences were observed between the N-terminal sequences of the first 23 amino acid residues of the P25X and P35X gentisate 1,2-dioxygenases. The P25X gentisate 1,2-dioxygenase was stable between pH 5.0 and 7.5, with the optimal pH around 8.0. The P35X enzyme showed a pH stability range between 7.0 and 9.0, and the optimum pH was also 8.0. The optimal temperature for both P25X and P35X gentisate 1, 2-dioxygenases was around 50 degrees C, but the P35X enzyme was more heat stable than that from P25X. Both enzymes were strongly stimulated by 0.1 mM Fe2+ but were completely inhibited by the presence of 5 mM Cu2+. Partial inhibition of both enzymes was also observed with 5 mM Mn2+, Zn2+, and EDTA. (+info)

Effect of phenylurea herbicides on soil microbial communities estimated by analysis of 16S rRNA gene fingerprints and community-level physiological profiles. (3/3156)

The effect of three phenyl urea herbicides (diuron, linuron, and chlorotoluron) on soil microbial communities was studied by using soil samples with a 10-year history of treatment. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was used for the analysis of 16S rRNA genes (16S rDNA). The degree of similarity between the 16S rDNA profiles of the communities was quantified by numerically analysing the DGGE band patterns. Similarity dendrograms showed that the microbial community structures of the herbicide-treated and nontreated soils were significantly different. Moreover, the bacterial diversity seemed to decrease in soils treated with urea herbicides, and sequence determination of several DGGE fragments showed that the most affected species in the soils treated with diuron and linuron belonged to an uncultivated bacterial group. As well as the 16S rDNA fingerprints, the substrate utilization patterns of the microbial communities were compared. Principal-component analysis performed on BIOLOG data showed that the functional abilities of the soil microbial communities were altered by the application of the herbicides. In addition, enrichment cultures of the different soils in medium with the urea herbicides as the sole carbon and nitrogen source showed that there was no difference between treated and nontreated soil in the rate of transformation of diuron and chlorotoluron but that there was a strong difference in the case of linuron. In the enrichment cultures with linuron-treated soil, linuron disappeared completely after 1 week whereas no significant transformation was observed in cultures inoculated with nontreated soil even after 4 weeks. In conclusion, this study showed that both the structure and metabolic potential of soil microbial communities were clearly affected by a long-term application of urea herbicides. (+info)

Anaerobic oxidation of o-xylene, m-xylene, and homologous alkylbenzenes by new types of sulfate-reducing bacteria. (4/3156)

Various alkylbenzenes were depleted during growth of an anaerobic, sulfate-reducing enrichment culture with crude oil as the only source of organic substrates. From this culture, two new types of mesophilic, rod-shaped sulfate-reducing bacteria, strains oXyS1 and mXyS1, were isolated with o-xylene and m-xylene, respectively, as organic substrates. Sequence analyses of 16S rRNA genes revealed that the isolates affiliated with known completely oxidizing sulfate-reducing bacteria of the delta subclass of the class Proteobacteria. Strain oXyS1 showed the highest similarities to Desulfobacterium cetonicum and Desulfosarcina variabilis (similarity values, 98.4 and 98.7%, respectively). Strain mXyS1 was less closely related to known species, the closest relative being Desulfococcus multivorans (similarity value, 86.9%). Complete mineralization of o-xylene and m-xylene was demonstrated in quantitative growth experiments. Strain oXyS1 was able to utilize toluene, o-ethyltoluene, benzoate, and o-methylbenzoate in addition to o-xylene. Strain mXyS1 oxidized toluene, m-ethyltoluene, m-isoproyltoluene, benzoate, and m-methylbenzoate in addition to m-xylene. Strain oXyS1 did not utilize m-alkyltoluenes, whereas strain mXyS1 did not utilize o-alkyltoluenes. Like the enrichment culture, both isolates grew anaerobically on crude oil with concomitant reduction of sulfate to sulfide. (+info)

Involvement of two plasmids in the degradation of carbaryl by Arthrobacter sp. strain RC100. (5/3156)

A bacterium capable of utilizing carbaryl (1-naphthyl N-methylcarbamate) as the sole carbon source was isolated from carbaryl-treated soil. This bacterium was characterized taxonomically as Arthrobacter and was designated strain RC100. RC100 hydrolyzes the N-methylcarbamate linkage to 1-naphthol, which was further metabolized via salicylate and gentisate. Strain RC100 harbored three plasmids (designated pRC1, pRC2, and pRC3). Mutants unable to degrade carbaryl arose at a high frequency after treating the culture with mitomycin C. All carbaryl-hydrolysis-deficient mutants (Cah-) lacked pRC1, and all 1-naphthol-utilization-deficient mutants (Nat-) lacked pRC2. The plasmid-free strain RC107 grew on gentisate as a carbon source. These two plasmids could be transferred to Cah- mutants or Nat- mutants by conjugation, resulting in the restoration of the Cah and Nah phenotypes. (+info)

Purification and characterization of a novel peroxidase from Geotrichum candidum dec 1 involved in decolorization of dyes. (6/3156)

A peroxidase (DyP) involved in the decolorization of dyes and produced by the fungus strain Geotrichum candidum Dec 1 was purified. DyP, a glycoprotein, is glycosylated with N-acetylglucosamine and mannose (17%) and has a molecular mass of 60 kDa and an isoelectric point (pI) of 3.8. The absorption spectrum of DyP exhibited a Soret band at 406 nm corresponding to a hemoprotein, and its Na2S2O4-reduced form revealed a peak at 556 nm that indicates the presence of a protoheme as its prosthetic group. Nine of the 21 types of dyes that were decolorized by Dec 1 cells were decolorized by DyP; in particular, anthraquinone dyes were highly decolorized. DyP also oxidized 2,6-dimethoxyphenol and guaiacol but not veratryl alcohol. The optimal temperature for DyP activity was 30 degrees C, and DyP activity was stable even after incubation at 50 degrees C for 11 h. (+info)

Decolorization and detoxification of extraction-stage effluent from chlorine bleaching of kraft pulp by Rhizopus oryzae. (7/3156)

Rhizopus oryzae, a zygomycete, was found to decolorize, dechlorinate, and detoxify bleach plant effluent at lower cosubstrate concentrations than the basidiomycetes previously investigated. With glucose at 1 g/liter, this fungus removed 92 to 95% of the color, 50% of the chemical oxygen demand, 72% of the adsorbable organic halide, and 37% of the extractable organic halide in 24 h at temperatures of 25 to 45 degrees C and a pH of 3 to 5. Even without added cosubstrate the fungus removed up to 78% of the color. Monomeric chlorinated aromatic compounds were removed almost completely, and toxicity to zebra fish was eliminated. The fungal mycelium could be immobilized in polyurethane foam and used repeatedly to treat batches of effluent. The residue after treatment was not further improved by exposure to fresh R. oryzae mycelium. (+info)

Degradation of chloronitrobenzenes by a coculture of Pseudomonas putida and a Rhodococcus sp. (8/3156)

A single microorganism able to mineralize chloronitrobenzenes (CNBs) has not been reported, and degradation of CNBs by coculture of two microbial strains was attempted. Pseudomonas putida HS12 was first isolated by analogue enrichment culture using nitrobenzene (NB) as the substrate, and this strain was observed to possess a partial reductive pathway for the degradation of NB. From high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance analyses, NB-grown cells of P. putida HS12 were found to convert 3- and 4-CNBs to the corresponding 5- and 4-chloro-2-hydroxyacetanilides, respectively, by partial reduction and subsequent acetylation. For the degradation of CNBs, Rhodococcus sp. strain HS51, which degrades 4- and 5-chloro-2-hydroxyacetanilides, was isolated and combined with P. putida HS12 to give a coculture. This coculture was confirmed to mineralize 3- and 4-CNBs in the presence of an additional carbon source. A degradation pathway for 3- and 4-CNBs by the two isolated strains was also proposed. (+info)

"OPA responds to MacArthur report , Symphony Environmental Technologies Plc". Symphony Environmental Technologies Plc. 13 ... biodegradation of up to 91% has been obversed in a soil environment within 24 months, when tested in accordance with ISO 17556 ... In relation to timescales for biodegradation, the OPA said it was not useful to examine how long it took for particular ... OXO-degradation has been studied at the Eurofins laboratory in Spain, where on 25 July 2017 they noted 88.9% biodegradation in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OXO-biodegradation

Bioremediation, Biotechnology, Environmental microbiology, Environmental soil science, Soil contamination, Biodegradation, ... Biodegradation Bioremediation Biotransformation Bioavailability Chemotaxis Microbiology Environmental microbiology Industrial ... 2008). "Genomic Insights into Oil Biodegradation in Marine Systems". In Díaz E (ed.). Microbial Biodegradation: Genomics and ... Heider J, Rabus R (2008). "Genomic Insights in the Anaerobic Biodegradation of Organic Pollutants". Microbial Biodegradation: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_biodegradation

September 2011). "Biodegradation of polyester polyurethane by endophytic fungi". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 77 (17 ... Environmental soil science, Environmental engineering, Environmental terminology, Conservation projects, Ecological restoration ... a prospective environmental friendly technique of bioseparation and dewatering of domestic wastewater sludge". Environmental ... The levels of adsorption of the phenolic and PAHs were negligible with 99% biodegradation being observed in the case of benzo-α ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycoremediation

Cerniglia, C. E. (1992). "Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons". Biodegradation. 3 (2-3): 351-368. doi:10.1007/ ... Environmental data and emission sources analysis for Cl-PAHs reveal that the dominant process of generation is by reaction of ... Ohura, T. (2007). "Environmental Behavior, Sources, and Effects of Chlorinated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons". The ... and toxic contaminants that have been reported to occur in a wide variety of environmental and biological matrixes. Cl-PAHs ...

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New Zealand's Environmental Reporting Series: Our fresh water). New Zealand's Environmental Reporting Series. ISSN 2382-0179. ... Biodegradation. 7 (5). Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 February 2022. Retrieved 17 May 2021. Kim, Young-Nam; et al. ( ... Horswell moved to New Zealand in 1997 and took up a position as Scientist, Environmental Health Effects, at the Institute of ... Jacqueline Horswell is an English-born New Zealand environmental microbiologist who specialises in research into the waste ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacqui_Horswell

The environmental approach can be defined as "the exploitation of the environmental sensitivity of the dry rot fungus for its ... International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation. Volume 33 Issue 2, pp 115 - 128. Palfreyman, J. W. & Bruce, A. (1994) ... emphasis on the use of chemical fungicides Environmental - emphasis on controlling the fungus by controlling environmental ... Indeed, this environmental sensitivity may account for why it is so unsuccessful in the wild and may be used against it when ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_rot_treatment

Szewczyk, Rafał; Soboń, Adrian; Słaba, Mirosława; Długoński, Jerzy (June 2015). "Mechanism study of alachlor biodegradation by ... Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 71 (7): 3420-3426. doi:10.1128/aem.71.7.3420-3426.2005. PMC 1168971. PMID 16000744. ... Biodegradation. 65 (7): 954-960. doi:10.1016/j.ibiod.2011.07.004. Eykholt, Gerald R.; Davenport, Douglas T. (May 1998). " ... "Dechlorination of the Chloroacetanilide Herbicides Alachlor and Metolachlor by Iron Metal". Environmental Science & Technology ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paecilomyces_marquandii

Sims, Gerald K.; S (1985). "Degradation of Pyridine Derivatives in Soil". Journal of Environmental Quality. 14 (4): 580-584. ... Biodegradation. 38 (2): 107-118. doi:10.1016/S0964-8305(96)00032-7. Sims, Gerald K.; O (1992). "Riboflavin Production during ... CRC Critical Reviews in Environmental Control. 19 (4): 309-340. doi:10.1080/10643388909388372. Archived from the original (PDF ... Growth of Micrococcus luteus on Pyridine". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 58 (10): 3423-3425. Bibcode:1992ApEnM.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-Pyridone

Environmental Pollution. 151 (3): 669-77. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2007.02.018. PMID 17482734. Gu, J., Han, B., Duan, S., Zhao, Z ... Biodegradation. 63 (4): 450-455. doi:10.1016/j.ibiod.2008.12.004.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( ... such as bioremediation of environmental contaminants. This is significant as its metabolic mechanisms can be utilized in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphingomonas_yanoikuyae

C6H12O6 → 3 H2O + C6H6O3 Hydroxyquinol is a common intermediate in the biodegradation of many aromatic compounds. These ... Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B. 41 (8): 1361-1382. doi:10.1080/03601230600964159. PMID 17090498. S2CID ... Hydroxyquinol commonly occurs in nature as a biodegradation product of catechin, a natural phenol found in plants (e.g. by soil ... Biodegradation. 8 (3): 159-165. doi:10.1023/A:1008254812074. S2CID 41221044. (CS1 maint: uses authors parameter, ECHA InfoCard ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxyquinol

Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part C, Environmental Carcinogenesis & Ecotoxicology Reviews. 31 (2): 99-144. doi: ... Cvančarová M, Křesinová Z, Filipová A, Covino S, Cajthaml T (September 2012). "Biodegradation of PCBs by ligninolytic fungi and ... The environmental fate of PCBs is complex and global in scale. Because of their low vapour pressure, PCBs accumulate primarily ... "Environmental Diseases from A to Z". Archived from the original on 15 March 2006. Jacobson JL, Jacobson SW (September 1996). " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polychlorinated_biphenyl

Third, low biodegradation rate. Compared to the traditional deposition way, the biodegradation for polymer has a longer ... "2012 Academic Award". United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2013-03-20. Archived from the original on 10 July 2015. ... Complete biodegradation is said to occur when there are no oligomers or monomers left. The breakdown of these polymers depend ... The first involves aerobic biodegradation, where oxygen is present and important. In this case, the general equation seen below ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodegradable_polymer

Bonhomme, S; Cuer, A; Delort, A-M; Lemaire, J; Sancelme, M; Scott, G (January 2003). "Environmental biodegradation of ... Oxo-biodegradation of low-density polyethylene containing a proprietary manganese-salt-based additive showed 91% biodegradation ... and assessment of environmental risks, in specific open environments such as soils, rivers and oceans testing of biodegradation ... Oxo-biodegradation: There are allegations that biodegradable plastic bags may release metals, and may require a great deal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodegradable_plastic

Sims, G.K.; L.E. Sommers (1985). "Biodegradation of pyridine derivatives in soil suspensions". Environmental Toxicology and ... Biodegradation of 2-methyl, 2-ethyl, and 2-hydroxypyridine by an Arthrobacter sp. isolated from subsurface sediment. ... 2-methypyridine and 4-methypyridine are more readily degraded and exhibit less volatilization loss from environmental samples ... 2-methylpyridine is often reported as an environmental contaminant associated with facilities processing oil shale or coal, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-Methylpyridine

Azo dyes have been determined to be xenobiotic compounds that have characteristics that defer biodegradation. Due to this ... Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 68 (8): 3948-3955. doi:10.1128/AEM.68.8.3948-3955.2002. ISSN 0099-2240. PMC 123998. ... Approximately 6.79 percent of the organism's genes contribute to Xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolism. Specifically, the ... Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 68 (8): 3948-3955. doi:10.1128/AEM.68.8.3948-3955.2002. PMC 123998. PMID 12147495. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenophilus_azovorans

Gregory MR (July 2009). "Environmental implications of plastic debris in marine settings--entanglement, ingestion, smothering, ... "Aerobic and Anaerobic Biodegradation" (PDF). Fundamentals of Aerobic & Anaerobic Biodegradation Process. Polimernet Plastik San ... The rate of biodegradation can be measured in a number of ways. Respirometry tests can be used for aerobic microbes. First one ... Biodegradation is the breakdown of organic matter by microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi. It is generally assumed to be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodegradation

October 2018). "Microbial anaerobic Fe(II) oxidation - Ecology, mechanisms and environmental implications". Environmental ... Harayama S, Kishira H, Kasai Y, Shutsubo K (August 1999). "Petroleum biodegradation in marine environments". Journal of ... Evans FF, Egan S, Kjelleberg S (May 2008). "Ecology of type II secretion in marine gammaproteobacteria". Environmental ... Evans FF, Egan S, Kjelleberg S (May 2008). "Ecology of type II secretion in marine gammaproteobacteria". Environmental ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gammaproteobacteria

JS1661". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 80 (24): 7725-31. doi:10.1128/AEM.02752-14. ISSN 0099-2240. PMC 4249229. PMID ... Fida, Tekle Tafese; Shannu Palamuru; Gunjan Pandey; Jim C. Spain (2014). "Aerobic biodegradation of 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2,4-Dinitroanisole

2008). "Genomic Insights into Oil Biodegradation in Marine Systems". Microbial Biodegradation: Genomics and Molecular Biology. ... Environmental Microbiology. 5 (9): 746-753. doi:10.1046/j.1468-2920.2003.00468.x. PMID 12919410. Yakimov, Michail M; Timmis, ... A considerable amount of petroleum oil entering the sea is eliminated by the microbial biodegradation activities of microbial ... Environmental Microbiology. 4 (3): 141-147. doi:10.1046/j.1462-2920.2002.00275.x. PMID 12000314. "Fernandez-Martinez, Javier, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcanivorax_borkumensis

O'Loughlin, Edward J.; Traina, Samuel J.; Sims, Gerald K. (2000). "Effects of sorption on the biodegradation of 2- ... Environmental Science & Technology. 27 (9): 1803-1810. Bibcode:1993EnST...27.1803M. doi:10.1021/es00046a007. Sims, G.K.; ... Biodegradation of Natural and Synthetic Materials. London: Springer. pp. 119-137. ... methylpyridine in aqueous suspensions of reference clay minerals". Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 19 (9): 2168-2174. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioavailability

Environmental isotopes in biodegradation and bioremediation. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-1261-3. {{cite ... 2-Dichloroethane Biodegradation". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 72 (6): 4411-4418. doi:10.1128/AEM.02576-05. PMC ... Vasileva, E.; Petrov, K.; Beschkov, V. (15 April 2014). "Biodegradation of Monochloroacetic Acid by Immobilization of GJ10 in ... ISBN 0-387-25495-1. Janssen, Martin H. Agteren, Sytze Keuning, Dick B. (1998). Handbook on Biodegradation and Biological ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanthobacter_autotrophicus

Logue, Jürg B.; Findlay, Stuart E. G.; Comte, Jérôme (2016). Microbial Responses to Environmental Changes. Frontiers Media SA. ... Handbook of Material Biodegradation, Biodeterioration, and Biostablization. Elsevier. ISBN 9781927885024. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraferrimonas

"Biodegradation of polyester polyurethane by Aspergillus tubingensis". Environmental Pollution. 225: 469-480. doi:10.1016/j. ... "Biodegradation of polyester polyurethane by endophytic fungi". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 77 (17): 6076-6084. ... For instance UV or c-ray irradiation treatments, have been used to heighten the degree of biodegradation of certain plastics. ... Dela Torre, Denisse Yans Z.; Delos Santos, Lee A.; Reyes, Mari Louise C.; Baculi, Ronan Q. (2018). "Biodegradation of low- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastisphere

... for Biodegradation of N-Heterocycles: A Complementary Approach to Predict Biodegradability". Environmental Science & Technology ... The biodegradation of pyridines proceeds via multiple pathways. Although pyridine is an excellent source of carbon, nitrogen, ... Sims, G. K.; Sommers, L.E. (1985). "Degradation of pyridine derivatives in soil". Journal of Environmental Quality. 14 (4): 580 ... doi:10.2134/jeq1985.00472425001400040022x. Sims, G. K.; Sommers, L.E. (1986). "Biodegradation of Pyridine Derivatives in Soil ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2,4-Lutidine

The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry. Vol. 2K. pp. 163-202. doi:10.1007/10508767_2 ... Bosma, T. N. P.; Harms, H.; Zehnder, A. J. B. (2001). "Biodegradation of Xenobiotics in Environment and Technosphere". ... Slack, K. V.; Feltz, H. R. (1968). "Tree leaf control on low flow water quality in a small Virginia stream". Environmental ... The persistent legacy of environmental feedback that is left behind by or as an extension of the ecological actions of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutrient_cycle

Sims GK, Sommers LE (1986). "Biodegradation of pyridine derivatives in soil suspensions". Environmental Toxicology and ... 2015). "Children's Health in Latin America: The Influence of Environmental Exposures". Environmental Health Perspectives. 123 ( ... and Environmental Implications". Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. Vol. 217. Boston, MA: Springer US. pp. ... Pimentel D (2005). "Environmental and Economic Costs of the Application of Pesticides Primarily in the United States" (PDF). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesticide

"Evaluation of Biodegradation-Promoting Additives for Plastics". Environmental Science & Technology. 49 (6): 3769-3777. Bibcode: ... yet, biodegradation-promoting additives for polymers have been shown not to significantly increase biodegradation. Although ... Agencies such as the US Environmental Protection Agency and US Food and Drug Administration often do not assess the safety of ... In a study published by Environmental Science & Technology, Schmidt et al (2017) calculated that 10 rivers: two in Africa (the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic_pollution

"Polymer Biodegradation and Biodegradable Polymers-a Review." Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 2nd ser. 19.2010 (2012): ... Biodegradation of this blend was tested and was found that by the second day the degraded carbon had already attained about 100 ... "Biodegradation is a chemical degradation of materials provoked by the action of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and ... The environmental impacts of athletic shoe degradation in landfills "are inextricably connected to the nature of the materials ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodegradable_athletic_footwear

Sims, G. K.; Sommers, L.E. (1985). "Degradation of pyridine derivatives in soil". Journal of Environmental Quality. 14 (4): 580 ... doi:10.2134/jeq1985.00472425001400040022x. Sims, G. K.; Sommers, L.E. (1986). "Biodegradation of pyridine derivatives in soil ... suspensions". Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 5 (6): 503-509. doi:10.1002/etc.5620050601. Picolines at the US National ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picoline

"Biodegradation of plastics: current scenario and future prospects for environmental safety". Environmental Science and ... Andrady, Anthony L. (February 1994). "Assessment of Environmental Biodegradation of Synthetic Polymers". Journal of ... DRLP Fact Sheets Environmental Protection Agency Frequently Asked Questions about Recycling and Waste Management "The price of ... Recycling is an important part of creating more sustainable economies, reducing the cost and environmental impact of raw ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recycling_by_material

Environmental Microbiology. 6 (3): 274-287. doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2004.00568.x. ISSN 1462-2920. PMID 14871211. "Global ... Biodegradation, Hydrogen biology, Sewerage). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanogenesis

Galvão TC, Mohn WW, de Lorenzo V (October 2005). "Exploring the microbial biodegradation and biotransformation gene pool". ... Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 71 (7): 3978-86. Bibcode:2005ApEnM..71.3978V. doi:10.1128/AEM.71.7.3978-3986.2005. PMC ... Environmental Microbiology. 7 (12): 1868-82. doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2005.00966.x. PMID 16309386. Archived (PDF) from the ... these reactions are particularly important in microbial biodegradation of pollutants and the bioremediation of contaminated ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolism

Cell growth in bioreactors depends on a wide range of environmental and physiological conditions such as substrate ... Marrot, B.; Barrios-Martinez, A.; Moulin, P.; Roche, N. (2006-06-01). "Biodegradation of high phenol concentration by activated ... where one of the most studied biodegradation substrates are the toxic phenols. Due to their toxicity, there is a large interest ... Biodegradation. 114: 31-38. doi:10.1016/j.ibiod.2016.05.017. ISSN 0964-8305. Clarke, Kim Gail (2013). Bioprocess engineering. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substrate_inhibition_in_bioreactors

Dermal exposure to this aflatoxin in particular environmental conditions can lead to major health risks. The liver is the most ... "Detection and estimation of aflatoxin B1 in feeds and its biodegradation by bacteria and fungi". Egyptian Journal of Natural ... Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. 51 (2): 156-63. doi:10.1002/em.20518. PMC 6359889. PMID 19642212. Geissler, Francis; ... Environmental Health Perspectives. 113 (12): 1779-1783. doi:10.1289/ehp.8384. JSTOR 3436751. PMC 1314920. PMID 16330363. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aflatoxin_B1

The biodegradation processes that occurs is provided by the bacteria themselves. In order for this to work, sufficient oxygen ... Plants are usually chosen which are indigenous in that location for environmental reasons and optimum workings of the system. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava_filter

They are as follows: The dissolution of collagen depends on time, temperature and environmental pH. At high temperatures, the ... and bio-degradation. Chemical changes affect crystallinity. Mechanisms of chemical change, such as the uptake of F− or CO3− may ... of bone exposed to environmental conditions, especially moisture. This is accomplished by the exchange of natural bone ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diagenesis

Environmental Science. Energy & Environmental Science, Royal Society of Chemistry. 4 (10): 4306. doi:10.1039/C1EE01876K. ... 0110". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Crawford, R. L. (1981). Lignin biodegradation and ... Environmental Science. 5 (7): 7797. doi:10.1039/C2EE21679E. Czernik, S.; Bridgwater, A. V. (2004). "Overview of Applications of ... Environmental Science. 5 (7): 7864. doi:10.1039/C2EE21305B. Gibson LJ (2013). "The hierarchical structure and mechanics of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellulose

However, because of the stability of PET, it is also highly resistant to biodegradation, posing a significant environmental ... Ltd, Dongguan Xinhai Environmental Protection Material Co., Ltd., Hangzhou Ruijiang Chemical Co., Ltd., and Jiangsu Torise ... International Journal of Environmental Studies. 73 (3): 462-468. doi:10.1080/00207233.2015.1108607. S2CID 101024423. Jaime ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polybutylene_adipate_terephthalate

Biodegradation 2009, 20:411-418. Dijksterhuis J, Sanders M, Gorris LG, Smid EJ: Antibiosis plays a role in the context of ... The score is based on the number of genes which afford bacteria abilities to communicate and process environmental information ... a myriad of individual environmental measurements at different locations, their internal states and their phenotypic and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paenibacillus_vortex

As compared to organic polymers, inorganic polymers in general possess improved performance and environmental compatibility (no ... and the rate of their biodegradation can be tuned with the addition of different substituents from full decomposition within ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_inorganic_polymer

Fiji passed the Environmental Management Bill in December 2020. Imports of polystyrene products was banned in January 2021. In ... Yang Y, Yang J, Wu WM, Zhao J, Song Y, Gao L, Yang R, Jiang L (October 2015). "Biodegradation and Mineralization of Polystyrene ... The Hong Kong Food and Environmental Hygiene Department recently reviewed the safety of serving various foods in polystyrene ... Polystyrene Biodegradation - BioSphere Plastic (Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from November 2017, Webarchive ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polystyrene

... s cause biodegradation of natural materials, which can be unwanted when it becomes food spoilage or damage to property. ... The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) currently recommends that relative humidity be maintained below 60%, ... ISBN 978-0-19-517227-0. Indoor Environmental Quality: Dampness and Mold in Buildings Archived 2020-05-07 at the Wayback Machine ... Environmental Health Perspectives. 110 (12): A781-6. doi:10.1289/ehp.021100781. ISSN 0091-6765. PMC 1241132. PMID 12460818. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mold

... but biodegradation is the primary route of DCPA degradation leading to MTP and TPA. Environmental Protection Agency testing in ... "Disruption of Mitosis" (PDF). The United States Environmental Protection Agency. "Regulatory Determination 2 for Contaminants ... Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 15 (2): 80-84. doi:10.1002/etc.5620150202. "Summary from the Health Advisory (HA) for ... United States Environmental Protection Agency. May 2008. Retrieved 2022-09-24. Farmalinx. "DYNAMO 750 g/kg Chlorthal Dimethyl ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimethyl_tetrachloroterephthalate

He is a reviewer for Applied and Environmental Microbiology and a member of the editorial board of the journal Biodegradation. ... Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 68 (8): 3759-3770. Bibcode:2002ApEnM..68.3759R. doi:10.1128/AEM.68.8.3759-3770.2002. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Colwell

... enzymatic biodegradation, and photocatalysis have been tested for the elimination of diazinon from aqueous solutions. The ... International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 15 (6): 1301-1312. doi:10.1007/s13762-017-1469-x. S2CID ... DDT was found to be such an environmental danger that developed countries and eventually world-level organizations banned the ... Environmental Science & Technology. 45 (11): 4980-4987. Bibcode:2011EnST...45.4980K. doi:10.1021/es1042386. PMID 21539304. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diazinon

Hydrogen gas inhibits biodegradation and acetogens use up these hydrogen gases in the anaerobic environment to favor the ... Energy biotechnology / Environmental biotechnology. 18 (3): 200-206. doi:10.1016/j.copbio.2007.03.008. ISSN 0958-1669. PMID ... Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 82 (14): 4056-4069. Bibcode:2016ApEnM..82.4056S. doi:10.1128/aem.00882-16. ISSN 0099- ... Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 82 (14): 4056-4069. Bibcode:2016ApEnM..82.4056S. doi:10.1128/AEM.00882-16. ISSN 0099- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetogen

Strain BSAR-1 for Bioprecipitation of Uranium from Alkaline Solutions" (PDF). Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 74 (17): ... "In-vitro study of interaction between photooxidation and biodegradation of 2-methylphenanthrene by Sphingomonas sp 2MPII". ... from bioremediation of environmental contaminants to production of extracellular polymers such as sphingans (e.g., gellan, ... is an alcoholic beverage that is sensorially characterized by micro-bacteria and a host of other environmental factors. While ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphingomonas

Bonifacho also references sexuality both overt and covert, in the context of global bio-degradation, nuclear devastation, and ... The themes of war, nuclear holocausts, environmental devastation, and human vulnerability have dominated much of Bonifacho's ... only played a locative role but was also a means of coming to grips with memories of war-ravaged landscapes and environmental ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bratsa_Bonifacho

While the environmental friendliness of the biodegradation byproducts of the surfactants most commonly used today varies, the ... Environmental Risks and Bioaccumulation Potential". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 12 (5): ... "Safer Choice." EPA, Environmental Protection Agency, 21 Feb. 2020, www.epa.gov/saferchoice. "Soaps". www.fs.fed.us. Retrieved ... Another environmental issue with synthetic detergents is the addition of phosphates to these cleaning products. Phosphates are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soap_substitute

Cells then can revert to a yellow to green colour when environmental conditions become less harsh . Through even more in-depth ... Microbial Biodegradation and Bioremediation, Elsevier, pp. 519-537, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800021-2.00023-6, ISBN 978-0-12- ... Sizes of the cells vary with environmental conditions such as light, salinity, and nutrient availability . Their two equal- ... very little is known about their exact ecological dynamic with specific environmental conditions and with other organisms. They ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunaliella

Antarctic Environmental Research INCT -APA and support projects related with Brazilian National Institute of cryospheric ... "Phenotypic and molecular aspects of bacteria isolated from the environment and involved in biodegradation Biphenyls (PCBs)". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivian_Pellizari

1. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Environmental Monitoring and Support ... "Selective Biodegradation of S and N Heterocycles by a Recombinant Rhodococcus erythropolis Strain Containing Carbazole ... A 2008 programmatic environmental impact statement issued by the US Bureau of Land Management stated that surface mining and ... United States Environmental Protection Agency. August 2000. pp. 3/1-3/11. Retrieved 21 June 2010. Raukas, Anto (2004). "Opening ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shale_oil_extraction

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has concluded that ziram poses a low toxicity risk to mammals, a moderate risk to ... which means biodegradation is rather slow. If ziram reaches the bottom of a body of water, it may stay there for months. ... United States Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved April 26, 2015. "Ziram". Extension Toxicology Network Pesticide ... and the University of California at Davis and the Institute for Environmental Toxicology, Michigan State University. Retrieved ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc_bis(dimethyldithiocarbamate)

The United States Environmental Protection Agency maintains regulatory control over triclocarban and triclosan. On September 2 ... This entails low degrees of bioaccumulation and rapid, clean biodegradation in existing wastewater treatment facilities. A ... Discharge of effluent from these treatment plants and disposal of sludge on land is the primary route of environmental exposure ... Brausch John; Rand Gary (2011). "A review of personal care products in the aquatic environment: Environmental concentrations ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triclocarban

Although it was first applied in agriculture in the 1950s, at least two biodegradation pathways have evolved. One pathway ... In California, the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment has determined that 1,3-dichloropropene is a carcinogen, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,3-Dichloropropene

Environmental Modelling & Software 30, 102-114. Yeh, G.T. and V.S. Tripathi, 1989, A critical evaluation of recent developments ... and the biodegradation of chemicals in landfills. When applied to the study of contaminants in the environments, they are known ... ISBN 9781608053063 Zhu, C. and G. Anderson, 2002, Environmental Applications of Geochemical Modeling. Cambridge University ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactive_transport_modeling_in_porous_media

... has been implicated in the biodegradation of buried plastics such as polyester polyurethane. It is capable of ... Ruisi, Serena (2007). "Fungi in Antarctica". Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology. 6: 127-141. doi:10.1007/ ... Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 73 (18): 5817-5824. doi:10.1128/AEM.01083-07. PMC 2074895. PMID 17660302. Barratt, S.R ... and able to survive and grow in the presence of multiple environmental stressors. This species is generally regarded to be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomyces_pannorum

World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific (‎WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 1995)‎ ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/browse?authority=Biodegradation%2C+Environmental&type=mesh

... ISSN (Print): 2333-8628 ISSN (Online): 2333-8636 Website ...

http://www.sciepub.com/journal/IJEBB/specialissueguidelines

Environmental biodegradation of polyethylene.. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2003; 81: 441-452. View in Article *Scopus (336) ... However, no production of ethylene glycol from the biodegradation was described. The authors reported that PE biodegradation ... Evidence of polyethylene biodegradation by bacterial Strains from the guts of plastic-eating waxworms.. Environ. Sci. Tech. ... Evidence of polyethylene biodegradation by bacterial Strains from the guts of plastic-eating waxworms.. Environ. Sci. Tech. ...

https://www.cell.com/current-biology/comments/S0960-9822

This review aims to present a general overview of the current state of knowledge in areas that relate to biodegradation of ... an overview of the potential for biodegradation of conventional polymers and biodegradable polymers already in production. ... PET is highly resistant to environmental biodegradation and, thus, causes many and varied environmental concerns associated ... Table 4. Biodegradation rate and EdK of a range of biodegradable polymers (values taken from Guo et al. [82].) ...

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/5/1/1/htm

Environmental fate & pathways Biodegradation in water and sediment: simulation tests. Currently viewing: S-01 , Summary. 001 ... The biodegradation of the test item in freshwater sediment was tested in a pond water/sediment according to OECD 308. The test ... Biodegradation in sediment (OECD 308). The half-life, DT50, of the parent compound in freshwater sediment was determined to be ... The biodegradation of the test item in freshwater sediment was tested in a river water/sediment system according to OECD 308. ...

https://www.echa.europa.eu/web/guest/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/14835/5/3/3

Environmental fate & pathways Biodegradation in soil. Currently viewing: S-01 , Summary. 001 No specified study adequacy , No ...

https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/10303/5/3/4

Environmental Chemistry Group. ETH, Switzerland. Predicting Microbial Biodegradation. Volker Hammen. Department of Community ... Modelling Environmental. Fate of Chemicals. Diederik Schowanek. Procter & Gamble, Western Europe. Modelling Environmental. Fate ... Predictive Biodegradation Workshop 3 Participants. [Workshop Home] [Participants] [Prework] [Summary] [Acknowledgements] [ ... QSAR modeling of biodegradation reactions Andreas Schmid. Chemical Biotechnology. University of Dortmundi, Germany. Design of ...

http://eawag-bbd.ethz.ch/workshop3/panel.html

We provide a disciplinary and multidisciplinary research programme aimed at advanced understanding of environmental problems ... The microbial activity for micropollutants biodegradation depends on the availability of degradable DOC, electron acceptors, ... and flow rate on microbial activity to identify the suitable conditions for micropollutant biodegradation. Lab scale studies ...

https://sense.nl/research/engineering-micropollutant-biodegradation-in-groundwater/

Biodegradation is a significant environmental process in soil.. Biologic changes. The chemical changes causing damage to ... Environmental fate and transport [see fate and transport]. Environmental Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs). ATSDR comparison ... Environmental sampling data. Data obtained by sampling environmental media, such as soil, water, air, or biota (plants and ... For environmental scientists, this typically refers to a physical quantity of an environmental medium - soil, water, air, and ...

https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/pha-guidance/glossary/index.html

Environmental fate & pathways Biodegradation in soil. Currently viewing: S-01 , Summary. 001 No specified study adequacy , No ... In accordance with REACH Regulation 1907/2006, Annex IX, Column 2, simulation testing on biodegradation in soil does not need ...

https://www.echa.europa.eu/web/guest/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/13532/5/3/4

... understanding of the CNM oxidation and biodegradation and could yield benefits in terms of human health and environmental ... Environmental-hazards; Environmental-contamination; Catalysis; Chemical-structure; Hazardous-materials; Waste-disposal ... For example, armed with an understanding of how and why CNMs undergo enzyme-catalyzed oxidation and biodegradation, researchers ... We also communicate our current understanding of the mechanism for the enzymatic oxidation and biodegradation. Finally, we ...

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nioshtic-2/20041801.html

Biodegradation, Environmental [‎1]‎. Bioethics [‎2]‎. Biography [‎1]‎. Biological Factors [‎1]‎. Biological Products [‎1]‎. ...

https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/137517/browse?rpp=20&etal=-1&sort_by=-1&type=mesh&starts_with_previous=Z&starts_with=B&order=ASC

Biodegradation, Environmental * Chlorhexidine / administration & dosage * Chlorhexidine / adverse effects * Chlorhexidine / ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9776027/

Preparing a Claim of Categorical Exclusion or an Environmental Assessment for Submission to Center for Food Safety and Applied ... Nutrition - Environmental Assessment Technical Handbook Table of Contents ... Aerobic Biodegradation in Water. 3.12. Aerobic Biodegradation in Soil. 4.00. TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE DOCUMENTS--ENVIRONMENTAL ... STEP-BY-STEP GUIDANCE FOR PREPARING ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTS. 3.00. TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE DOCUMENTS--ENVIRONMENTAL FATE TESTING ...

https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/guidance-industry-preparing-claim-categorical-exclusion-or-environmental-assessment-submission-cfsan-1

Environmental Working Group is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit corporation, EIN 52-2148600. Copyright 2007-2022, Environmental Working ... Moderate Concern: biodegradation; Some Concern: developmental/endocrine/reproductive effects, damage to vision ... Top Scoring Factors: Poor disclosure; May contain ingredients with potential for respiratory effects; biodegradation; nervous ... Some Concern: skin irritation/allergies/damage, acute aquatic toxicity, respiratory effects, biodegradation; Disclosure Concern ...

https://www.ewg.org/guides/cleaners/6139-AllOxiMightyPacs/

... there is a potential for defluorination and biodegradation of PFCs that contributes significantly to their environmental fate, ... Biodegradation of perfluorinated compounds.. *J. Parsons, M. Sáez, J. Dolfing, P. de Voogt ... Aerobic biodegradation of dichloroethenes by indigenous bacteria isolated from contaminated sites in Africa.. *A. Olaniran, D. ... Perchloroethene (PCE) is a pollutant of major environmental concern at hazardous waste sites worldwide. PCE and trichloroethene ...

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Breathing-with-Chlorinated-Solvents-McCarty/7aaf5a172943130765e6ea2568c088eb2a55c32f

Biodegradation; Soil analysis; Environmental contamination; Petroleum; Ground water; Chemicals; Environmental monitoring. ... Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimated that 100,000-400,000 USTs are currently leaking, mainly due to corrosion of the ...

http://www2a.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=benzene&f1=%2A&Adv=0&terms=1&PageNo=25&RecNo=245&View=f&

Biodegradation, Environmental. G06 - Biochemical Phenomena, Metabolism, and Nutrition. Adolescent Nutrition. Adolescent ...

https://decs.bvs.br/I/rep_i2007.htm

... the worlds largest environmental industry marketplace and information resource. ... Handbook of Biodegradation, Biodeterioration, and Biostabilization, 2nd Edition This book is about protection of materials and ... About Environmental XPRT. Environmental XPRT is a global environmental industry marketplace and information resource. Online ... U.S. Environmental Industry Datapack The data package includes data tables for the US environmental industry. (Some of the ...

https://www.environmental-expert.com/books/keyword-industrial-containment-16816

The environmental risks of engineered nanoparticles have attracted attention. However, little is known regarding the effects of ... 2. Heavy metal-immobilizing organoclay facilitates polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation in mixed-contaminated soil ... 6. Using chemical desorption of PAHs from sediment to model biodegradation during bioavailability assessment ... We investigated the impacts of pristine and oxidized multiwalled CNTs on the atrazine biodegradation rate and efficiency using ...

https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/?f%5Bjournal_facet%5D%5B%5D=Journal+of+hazardous+materials&f%5Bpublication_year_rev%5D%5B%5D=7985-2015&f%5Bsubject_facet%5D%5B%5D=bioavailability&f%5Bsubject_facet%5D%5B%5D=biodegradation&per_page=100&search_field=author&sort=date-desc

Environmental Isotopes in Biodegradation and Bioremediation. 2009. b/w illus. tabs. 288 p. gr8vo. Hardcover. ...

https://www.koeltz.com/de/producttag/75968/2009

EES 2020 Environmental Engineering Fundamentals II. EES 4010 Environmental Engineering. EES 4370/6370 Biodegradation and ... He owns and operates Finneran Environmental, LLC, which support clients on the most difficult or problematic environmental ... EES 8510 Biological Principles in Environmental Engineering. Selected Publications. Deaver, J.A., Soni, M.N., Diviesti, K.I., ... His expertise is environmental remediation using combined microbial-chemical reactions. He is a Kavli Fellow of the National ...

http://www.clemson.edu/cecas/departments/eees/people/facultydirectory/finneran.html

Potential for biodegradation of microplastics in thermophilic anaerobic digesters. Lund Nielsen, J., Pedersen, N. K., Peydaei, ...

https://vbn.aau.dk/en/organisations/environmental-microbiology/publications/?type=%2Fdk%2Fatira%2Fpure%2Fresearchoutput%2Fresearchoutputtypes%2Fcontributiontobookanthology%2Fconference

Remarkable biodegradation rate and extents were observed on PVC and, to less extents, on PE (LDPE, LLDPE) and PP plastic films ... Biodegradation potential and specificity towards polyethylene (PE; and its variants Low Density PE - LDPE - and Linear Low ... Site-specific measures for mitigating plastic pollution and improving the environmental status of Aegean Sea. Result type. * ... Exploitable results - Lab- and pilot-scale bioaugmentation protocols to improve native biodegradation of plastics under actual ...

https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/312100/results/it

Biodegradation Characteristics of Wastewaters. Batch treatment for Colour Removal from a Coffee Factory Effluent using a ... ISBN: N/A Categories: 2012, Environmental and Agricultural Research Summaries, Environmental Sciences, Nova, Special Topics ... Enhancing Environmental Planning through the Use of the Thermodynamic Quantity Exergy. Environmental Planning Inputs by the ... Environmental Considerations into Strategic and Tactical Planning of Supply Chains. The Links between Environmental Regulation ...

https://novapublishers.com/shop/environmental-research-summaries-volume-3/

Green Sustainable Process for Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Science: Biosurfactants for the Bioremediation of ... and kinetics of key factors supporting the biodegradation process after treatment with biosurfactants 5. Environmental impact ... He was recently appointed as the Director for International Affiliation and Training Centre for Environmental and Public Health ... Green Sustainable Process for Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Science. Biosurfactants for the Bioremediation of ...

https://www.bokkilden.no/miljoevitenskap-teknikk-og-teknologi/green-sustainable-process-for-chemical-and-environmental-engineering-and-science-inamuddin/produkt.do?produktId=25736610&visanmeldelser=ja

His area of expertise includes environmental biotechnology focusing on bioremediation and phytoremediation technologies for the ... LLE/IWI - Biodegradation of C-C Backbone Plastics and Microplastics in the Marine Environment (Nicolas Kalogerakis, Technical ... In this presentation we focus on the determination of biodegradation and fragmentation rates of polystyrene and polyethylene ... Laboratory results on the biodegradation of plastics show great variability. An important question, which remains unanswered, ...

https://chem-eng.utoronto.ca/event/lle-iwi-biodegradation-of-c-c-backbone-plastics-and-microplastics-in-the-marine-environment-nicolas-kalogerakis-technical-university-of-crete/

2001). Environmental monitoring in four European museums. Atmospheric Environment, 35, 127-140. ... International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, 63, 626-629.. Article CAS Google Scholar *. Miller, J. D., & Young, J. C. ( ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10453-015-9372-8

There is an incomplete understanding of environmental fate- and time-related exposure, and of consumer- and worker-related ... and environmental (HSE) aspects during production, manipulation, storage, incorporation, and disposal of carbon nanomaterials ... Environmental fate. Biodegradation, hydrolysis, atmospheric oxidation, bioaccumulation*. (Nonmandatory):. *. Results of tests ... Copenhagen K: Danish Environmental Protection Agency; 2014 Environmental Project No. 1594. *59. Friedlander SK, Pui DYH. ...

https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/66689

Environmental Isotopes in Biodegradation and Bioremediation. (koeltz.com)
Green Sustainable Process for Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Science: Biosurfactants for the Bioremediation of Polluted Environments explores the use of biosurfactants in remediation initiatives, reviewing knowledge surrounding the creation and application of biosurfactants for addressing issues related to the release of toxic substances in ecosystems. (bokkilden.no)

The question remains as to whether there is a potential for defluorination and biodegradation of PFCs that contributes significantly to their environmental fate, and the possibility that bacteria will adapt to utilize this source of energy, although evolving mechanisms to overcome the kinetic barriers to degradation of these compounds may take some time. (semanticscholar.org)
Gibbs free energy of formation of chlordecone and potential degradation products: implications for remediation strategies and environmental fate. (semanticscholar.org)
The degradation processes and products must be understood to detect and evaluate potential environmental hazards. (rsc.org)
Some attention has been drawn to additives and persistent organic pollutants that sorb to the plastic surface, but so far the chemicals generated by degradation of the plastic polymers themselves have not been well studied from an environmental perspective. (rsc.org)
We extrapolate that information to likely pathways and possible degradation products under environmental conditions found on the oceans' surface. (rsc.org)
Smaller polymer fragments formed by chain scission are more susceptible to biodegradation and therefore abiotic degradation is expected to precede biodegradation. (rsc.org)
When heteroatoms are present in the main chain of a polymer, degradation proceeds by photo-oxidation, hydrolysis, and biodegradation. (rsc.org)
In February 2014 she started her PhD studies at the Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry at Stockholm University, Sweden and is focusing on chemical pollutants released to the marine environment by degradation of plastic debris. (rsc.org)
Confirmation of malathion degradation to malathion mono, diacids, and phosphorus moiety was performed by Q-TOF-MS analysis , and a pathway of biodegradation was proposed. (bvsalud.org)
Coal degradation/conversion technology by native bacterial and fungal species has great potential in agricultural development, chemical industry production, and environmental rehabilitation. (fh-aachen.de)
These studies show that, while DEHP is rapidly photodegraded in the atmosphere, aerobic biodegradation is slow, and anaerobic degradation is even slower. (who.int)
The production and use of conventional plastics are linked to environmental degradation because there is an emission of Greenhouse gases related to plastics' production and use. (ourlovelyearth.com)
Excellent course to provide a broad understanding of scientific concepts and current applications of degradation processes and programs critical to modern environmental remediation programs. (coursera.org)

Microorganisms in Environmental Management - a survey of recent scientific progress in usefully applying microbes to both environmental management and biotechnology - is informed by acknowledgement of the polluting effects on the world around us of soil erosion, the unwanted migration of sediments, chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and the improper treatment of human and animal wastes. (nhbs.com)
Edited by recognized leaders in the field, Microorganisms in Environmental Management is a penetrating assessment of our progress to date in deploying microorganisms to the advantage of environmental management and biotechnology which will be widely welcomed. (nhbs.com)
This review puts forward a comprehensive vision of coal biodegradation and bioprocessing by microorganisms native to coal environments for determining their biotechnological potential and possible applications. (fh-aachen.de)
In water, soil, or sediment, microorganisms may break down the chemicals (a process known as biodegradation). (cdc.gov)

International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation. (hw.ac.uk)

Influence of short- and long-term exposure on the biodegradation capacity of activated sludge microbial communities in ready biodegradability tests. (uva.nl)

Chlorinated compounds are ubiquitous environmental pollutants due to their extensive use in industry, agriculture, and private households. (semanticscholar.org)
Besides, oxygenases are involved in biodegradation of hydrocarbons and related compounds that, due to their improper storage, use, and disposal have been released into the environment, where they are considered environmental pollutants. (scielo.org.mx)
Phytoremediation of Multiple Persistent Pollutants Co-Contaminated Soil by Hhssb Transformed Plant, Environmental Research, 197, 110959. (dergipark.org.tr)

2022). Biodegradation and non-enzymatic hydrolysis of poly(Lactic- co -glycolic acid) (plga12/88 and plga6/94). (uva.nl)

no. 103) 1.Solvents - adverse effects 2.Solvent - toxicity 3.Environmental exposure I.Series ISBN 92 4 151103 6 (NLM Classification: QV 633) ISSN 0259-7268 The World Health Organization welcomes requests for permission to reproduce or translate its publications, in part or in full. (inchem.org)
Superior biodegradation and reduced bioaccumulation and toxicity to marine organisms compared to conventional mineral-based oils can help mitigate the impact of oil leaks. (castrol.com)

Lab and pilot-scale bioaugmentation protocols for intensifying (micro) plastics biodegradation in soils, composting/anaerobic waste treatment facilities and marine environments. (europa.eu)

Aerobic biodegradation of dichloroethenes by indigenous bacteria isolated from contaminated sites in Africa. (semanticscholar.org)

In accordance with REACH Regulation 1907/2006, Annex IX, Column 2, simulation testing on biodegradation in soil does not need to be conducted as direct or indirect exposure of the aquatic and terrestrial compartments for this substance are unlikely. (europa.eu)
Environmental impact assessment of polluted soil using biosurfactants 6. (bokkilden.no)
Correlating Biodegradation Kinetics of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4,5-T) to the Dynamics of Microbial Communities Originating From Soil in Vietnam Contaminated With Herbicides. (uva.nl)
The opening sections characterize the behaviour of DEHP in different environmental media and summarize data indicating concentrations detected in air, precipitation, water, sediment, soil, biota, food, and the workplace environment. (who.int)
Adsorption Characteristics of Layered Soil as Delay Barrier of Some Organic Contaminants: Experimental and Numerical Modeling, Environmental Modelling & Software, 110, 95-106. (dergipark.org.tr)
Effect on Herbicide Adsorption of Organic Forestry Waste Products Used for Soil Remediation, Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B Pesticides, Food Contaminants, and Agricultural Wastes, 54, 5, 407-415. (dergipark.org.tr)

Optimization, modelling, prediction, and kinetics of key factors supporting the biodegradation process after treatment with biosurfactants 5. (bokkilden.no)
SUMMARY AND EVALUATION 2.1 Environmental transport, distribution and transformation 2.2 Environmental levels and human exposure 2.3 Kinetics and metabolism 2.4 Effects on laboratory and in vitro systems 2.5 Effects on humans 2.6 Effects on other organisms in the laboratory and field 3. (inchem.org)

Biodegradation of perfluorinated compounds. (semanticscholar.org)
Release of these toxic compounds into the natural environment poses a significant environmental problem associated with the disposal of solid waste. (advbiores.net)
It is shown that the content of oil products, chlorides, heavy metals and other compounds in the bottom sediments is within the environmental standards characteristic of the Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous district. (oil-industry.net)

This includes an outline of the problems associated with plastic pollution in the marine environment, a description of the properties, commercial manufacturing and degradability of PET, an overview of the potential for biodegradation of conventional polymers and biodegradable polymers already in production. (mdpi.com)
Site-specific measures for mitigating plastic pollution and improving the environmental status of Aegean Sea. (europa.eu)
Environmental Pollution 309, 119776. (ukm.my)
Environmental science and pollution research international. (utah.edu)
Other than waste accumulation, plastic accumulation lead to negative environmental issues such as pollution and rising global temperatures. (ourlovelyearth.com)

The report concludes that adverse effects on environmental organisms are likely in areas where water and sediment are highly contaminated. (who.int)

There is an incomplete understanding of environmental fate- and time-related exposure, and of consumer- and worker-related risks and hazards. (intechopen.com)
His research program is focused on novel measurement and modeling techniques to study human and ecological exposure to environmental contaminants. (rsc.org)
CURRENT REGULATIONS, GUIDELINES, AND STANDARDS 7.1 Previous evaluations by international bodies 7.2 Exposure limit values 7.3 Labelling, packaging and transport BIBLIOGRAPHY INTRODUCTION The Environmental Health Criteria (EHC) monographs produced by the International Programme on Chemical Safety include an assessment of the effects on the environment and on human health of exposure to a chemical or combination of chemicals, or physical or biological agents. (inchem.org)
Latif, M.T. The Influence of Environmental Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Exposure on DNA Damage among School Children in Urban Traffic Area, Malaysia. (ukm.my)
J. Field and Seow, J. , " Review of Fluorotelomer Sulfonates: Properties, Analysis, and Sources of Human and Ecosystem Exposure " , Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology , vol. 47, no. 8, pp. 643 - 691, 2017. (oregonstate.edu)

Long-term evaluation of biodegradation products of tar sands crude oil from spill sites using laboratory and field microcosms. (gvsu.edu)

Contamination of soils and groundwaters with chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs) is one of the most serious environmental problems in the DOE system and in the nation at large. (semanticscholar.org)

Plastics are synthetic polymers derived from fossil oil and largely resistant to biodegradation. (cell.com)
This review aims to present a general overview of the current state of knowledge in areas that relate to biodegradation of polymers, especially poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). (mdpi.com)
namely abiotic oxidation, which breaks down the polymers into low molecular-weight products, and biodegradation. (materialstoday.com)

he received his Ph.D. in microbiology in 2001 at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst and a BS in Environmental Sciences from Rutgers University in 1996. (clemson.edu)
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 54 (4). (caltech.edu)
Applied and environmental microbiology. (usda.gov)

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2021/e. (utah.edu)

The ex vitro, in vitro, and in vivo data presented in this Account provide fundamental insights into the biopersistence of CNMs, such as carbon nanotubes and graphene, and their oxidation/biodegradation processes as catalyzed by peroxidase enzymes. (cdc.gov)
However, little is known regarding the effects of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the biodegradation and persistence of organic contaminants in water. (usda.gov)

Thus the aim of this project is the understand the impact of groundwater composition (Redox conditions, DOC quality, micropollutant concentration) and flow rate on microbial activity to identify the suitable conditions for micropollutant biodegradation. (sense.nl)
Cleaning up the large number of groundwater contamination sites is a significant and complex environmental challenge. (coursera.org)
We will build upon basic environmental science and environmental engineering principles to discover how to best implement MNA as a viable treatment for groundwater contamination plumes. (coursera.org)

We also communicate our current understanding of the mechanism for the enzymatic oxidation and biodegradation. (cdc.gov)

2009. (Springer Praxis Books / Environmental Sciences). (koeltz.com)
Berit Gewert studied Environmental Sciences at the University of Greifswald, Germany. (rsc.org)
Merle Plassmann studied Environmental Sciences at the University of Lueneburg, Germany. (rsc.org)
Journal of Environmental Sciences. (utah.edu)

The microbial activity for micropollutants biodegradation depends on the availability of degradable DOC, electron acceptors, and nutrients. (sense.nl)

She did an internship and her master thesis at the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research in Leipzig, Germany. (rsc.org)
After a three year postdoctoral fellowship at the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research in Leipzig, Germany, she went back to Stockholm University for a second postdoctoral project. (rsc.org)

International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology , 11 (5), 1387-1398. (hig.se)

For example, armed with an understanding of how and why CNMs undergo enzyme-catalyzed oxidation and biodegradation, researchers can tailor the structure of CNMs to either promote or inhibit these processes. (cdc.gov)
and mathematical modeling of environmental processes. (utoronto.ca)
Environmental Science Processes & Impacts , 23 (12), 1997-2006. (uva.nl)
She studies the basics of biofilm and granular sludge formation processes, and microbial population dynamics in environmental systems, and their applications in bioreactors for industrial wastewater treatment, and centralized and decentralized municipal wastewater treatment. (ualberta.ca)

Environmental biodegradation of polyethylene. (cell.com)
Evidence of polyethylene biodegradation by bacterial Strains from the guts of plastic-eating waxworms. (cell.com)
In this presentation we focus on the determination of biodegradation and fragmentation rates of polystyrene and polyethylene films naturally weathered on beach sand as well as polypropylene films weathered in seawater mesocosms. (utoronto.ca)

These health concerns have been associated - to a large extent - with the reported long "life-span" of SWCNT in the lung thus necessitating exploration of possible metabolic pathways leading to their biodegradation. (cdc.gov)

Microbial Fermentation of Biowastes summarizes new advances in the development of various strategies for enhanced microbial fermentation for organic waste conversion to bioenergy/biochemicals, and for biodegradation of plastic waste. (elsevier.com)
BioProtect® Industrial Treatment is an environmentally safe and user-friendly biological treatment for the control of odour and rapid biodegradation of organic material. (bioprotect.bio)

Perchloroethene (PCE) is a pollutant of major environmental concern at hazardous waste sites worldwide. (semanticscholar.org)

Methane biodegradation and enhanced methane solubilization by the filamentous fungi Fusarium solani. (uandes.cl)

However, there are environmental issues with the cultivation of plants for bioplastics. (bioplasticsnews.com)

Part I. Accumulation, Trophic Transfer, Biodegradation and Migration. (epa.gov)

His expertise is environmental remediation using combined microbial-chemical reactions. (clemson.edu)
He owns and operates Finneran Environmental, LLC, which support clients on the most difficult or problematic environmental remediation projects. (clemson.edu)
The environmental industry is continuously looking for remediation methods that are both effective and cost-efficient. (coursera.org)
Any professional working in the environmental remediation industry will benefit from this in-depth study of MNA. (coursera.org)

Journal of Environmental Biology. (who.int)

In nanomedical applications such as drug delivery, the incorporation of carboxylate functional groups could facilitate biodegradation of the nanomaterial after delivery of the cargo. (cdc.gov)

Of particular interest was the significant retention of the TrOCs on the gel layer of enzyme on the membrane surface, and their subsequent biodegradation. (edu.au)
Moreover, myeloperoxidase (MPO), an abundant enzyme of inflammatory cells (neutrophils), - involved in the principal defense mechanisms of innate immunity -was also effective in oxidative biodegradation of CNT in biochemical models and in cells yielding the products that did not cause pulmonary inflammation in mice [14] . (cdc.gov)

The target readership includes occupational health services, those in ministries, governmental agencies, industry, and trade unions who are involved in the safe use of chemicals and the avoidance of environmental health hazards, and those wanting more information on this topic. (inchem.org)

We investigated the impacts of pristine and oxidized multiwalled CNTs on the atrazine biodegradation rate and efficiency using Arthrobacter sp. (usda.gov)

Researchers in the fields of waste treatment, environmental engineering, and biochemical engineering. (elsevier.com)

Finally, we outline potential future directions that could enhance our mechanistic understanding of the CNM oxidation and biodegradation and could yield benefits in terms of human health and environmental safety. (cdc.gov)

Laboratory results on the biodegradation of plastics show great variability. (utoronto.ca)

Castrol BioStat offers superior marine biodegradation and reduced bioaccumulation compared to conventional mineral based oils. (castrol.com)

He has extensive research experience in multidisciplinary fields of analytical chemistry, materials chemistry, electrochemistry, renewable energy, and environmental science. (bokkilden.no)
Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology , 7 (1), 107-121. (uva.nl)
Matthew MacLeod is Associate Professor in the Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry at Stockholm University, Sweden. (rsc.org)
Reproducibility and sensitivity of 36 methods to quantify the SARS-CoV-2 genetic signal in raw wastewater: findings from an interlaboratory methods evaluation in the U.S. Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology. (utah.edu)
Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology. (nottingham.edu.cn)