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Mucispirillum schaedleri is an abundant inhabitant of the intestinal mucus layer of rodents and other animals and has been suggested to be a pathobiont, a commensal that plays a role in disease. In order to gain insights into its lifestyle, we analyzed the genome and transcriptome of M. schaedleri ASF 457 and performed physiological experiments to test traits predicted by its genome. Although described as a mucus inhabitant, M. schaedleri has limited capacity for degrading host-derived mucosal glycans and other complex polysaccharides. Additionally, M. schaedleri reduces nitrate and expresses systems for scavenging oxygen and reactive oxygen species in vivo, which may account for its localization close to the mucosal tissue and expansion during inflammation. Also of note, M. schaedleri harbors a type VI secretion system and putative effector proteins and can modify gene expression in mucosal tissue, suggesting intimate interactions with its host and a possible role in inflammation. The M. ...

Mucispirillum schaedleri is an abundant inhabitant of the intestinal mucus layer of rodents and other animals and has been suggested to be a pathobiont, a commensal that plays a role in disease. In order to gain insights into its lifestyle, we analyzed the genome and transcriptome of M. schaedleri ASF 457 and performed physiological experiments to test traits predicted by its genome. Although described as a mucus inhabitant, M. schaedleri has limited capacity for degrading host-derived mucosal glycans and other complex polysaccharides. Additionally, M. schaedleri reduces nitrate and expresses systems for scavenging oxygen and reactive oxygen species in vivo, which may account for its localization close to the mucosal tissue and expansion during inflammation. Also of note, M. schaedleri harbors a type VI secretion system and putative effector proteins and can modify gene expression in mucosal tissue, suggesting intimate interactions with its host and a possible role in inflammation. The M. ...

Nayfach S, Fischbach MA, Pollard KS. MetaQuery: a web server for rapid annotation and quantitative analysis of specific genes in the human gut microbiome. Bioinformatics 2015;31(14). doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btv382 ...

We investigated three bovine respiratory pathobionts in healthy cattle using qPCR optimised and validated to quantify Histophilus somni, Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida over a wide dynamic range. A longitudinal study was conducted to investigate the carriage and density of these bacteria in the nasal passages of healthy beef calves (N = 60) housed over winter in an experimental farm setting. The three pathobiont species exhibited remarkably different carriage rates and density profiles. At housing, high carriage rates were observed for P. multocida (95%), and H. somni (75%), while fewer calves were positive for M. haemolytica (13%). Carriage rates for all three bacterial species declined over the 75-day study, but not all individuals became colonised despite sharing of environment and airspace. Colonisation patterns ranged from continuous to intermittent and were different among pathobiont species. Interval-censored exponential survival models estimated the median duration of H. somni

The human gut microbiome has a considerable impact on host health. The long list of microbiome-related health disorders raises the question of what in fact determines microbiome composition. In this review we sought to understand how the host itself impacts the structure of the gut microbiota population, specifically by correlations of host genetics and gut microbiome composition.Host genetic profile has been linked to differences in microbiome composition, thus suggesting that host genetics can shape the gut microbiome of the host. However, cause-consequence mechanisms behind these links are still unclear. A survey of the possible mechanisms allowing host genetics to shape microbiota composition in the gut demonstrated the major role of metabolic functions and the immune system. A considerable impact of other factors, such as diet, may outweigh the effects of host genetic background. More studies are necessary for good understanding of the relations between the host genetic profile, gut microbiome

Taken together, the topological features that were found to vary with obesity and IBD suggest a characteristic mode of deviation from a normal microbiome organization that may be associated with a disease state. This suggests that in addition to, or potentially as a consequence of, alterations in the abundance of individual genes or functional classes, disease may be associated with higher order modes of deviation in the microbiome. Clearly, such associations alone cannot directly implicate a mechanism for disease; both obesity and IBD are poorly understood diseases and embody extremely complex phenotypes. Accordingly, the system-level observations reported in this study can have multiple alternative interpretations and stem from mechanisms that are yet unknown. These observations, however, allow us to posit intriguing hypotheses for further study.. Specifically, we find that enzymes typifying various host states tend to have low centrality and are found mostly in the periphery of the network. ...

... aims at providing comprehensive data on taurocholic acid market globally and regionally (Europe,

The human gut microbiome is a diverse community of microbial eukaryotes, viruses, archaea, and mostly bacteria [1-3], many of which play important roles in immunity, metabolism and nutrition [4-6]. The community structure of the microbiome is determined by many factors, including geography, sex, host genetics, and age [7-11].. Microbiome composition and structure may also vary within individuals over time, although most individuals have a relatively stable microbiome [12, 13]. Individuals with highly diverse microbiomes tend to be more stable through time [12]. Other studies have shown that individuality is preserved through time, underlying an overall stable and personalized microbiome [14]. On time scales of days to weeks, diet is the main factor driving composition and structure of the gut microbiome [13]. For example, some types of dietary fiber transits through the digestive tract without being assimilated by the human body, providing a food source for fermentative bacteria [15]. High fiber ...

A pleiotropic missense variant in SLC39A8 is associated with Crohns disease and human gut microbiome composition. Li D, Achkar JP, Haritunians T, Jacobs JP, Hui KY, DAmato M, Brand S, Radford-Smith G, Halfvarson J, Niess JH, Kugathasan S, Buning C, Schumm LP, Klei L, Ananthakrishnan A, Aumais G, Baidoo L, Dubinsky M, Fiocchi C, Glas J, Milgrom R, Proctor DD, Regueiro M, Simms LA, Stempak JM, Targan S, Torkvist L, Sharma Y, Devlin B, Borneman J, Hakonarson H, Xavier RJ, Daly M, Brant SR, Rioux JD, Silverberg MS, Cho JH, Braun J, McGovern DPB, Duerr RH. A pleiotropic missense variant in SLC39A8 is associated with Crohns disease and human gut microbiome composition. Gastroenterology 2016;151:724-732 ...

Patients that have a higher diversity in gut microbiome were responders and the PFS or OS was better Patients that do not take antibiotics have a better OS (reference ...

The human gut microbiome can modulate metabolic health and affect insulin resistance, and may play an important role in the etiology of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Here, we compared the gut microbial composition of 43 GDM patients and 81 healthy pregnant women via whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing of their fecal samples collected at 21-29 weeks, to explore associations between GDM and the composition of microbial taxonomic units and functional genes. Metagenome-wide association study (MGWAS) identified 154,837 genes, which clustered into 129 metagenome linkage groups (MLGs) for species description, with significant relative abundance differences between the two cohorts. Parabacteroides distasonis, Klebsiella variicola, etc., were enriched in GDM patients, whereas Methanobrevibacter smithii, Alistipes spp., Bifidobacterium spp. and Eubacterium spp. were enriched in controls. The ratios of the gross abundances of GDM-enriched MLGs to control-enriched MLGs were positively correlated with blood

The latest revelation in human gut microbiome research is the gut bacterial profiles of fifteen tribal populations representing four geographic regions (Assam, Telangana, Manipur and Sikkim) from India. The study by Dehingia, et al. (2015), Gut bacterial diversity of the tribes of India and comparison with the worldwide data (see References), is a good addition to the knowledge base of gut microbiome profiles across various human populations (Dehingia et al., 2015).. Why is this study relevant and important? Because most of the tribes around the world represent a gut microbiome profile of human ancestral lifestyle, one that was unaffected by "junk" food and was more physically active. Several lifestyle-associated disorders/diseases like type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and obesity have been linked to variations in human gut microbiome composition and function. Thus, having the knowledge of our ancestral gut microbiome is a good starting point to identify what changes have occurred since the ...

Abstract Colon Cancer is the most common cancer among Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) patients and IBD is one of the three leading high-risk factors for Colon Cancer. In 2012 it was found, by using genetic sequencing of the gut microbiome, that Fusobacteria sequences were enriched in colorectal carcinomas (CRC). To explore this possible link between inflammation, gut microbes, and colon cancer I have turned my own body into a

There is a new phenomenon sweeping the globe (or at least sweeping the imagination of people around the globe). It is the human gut microbiome and the role it may play in the future of human health.

A new study presented at UEG Week 2019 shows that a plant-based and Mediterranean diet can help protect the gut microbiome and help reduce inflammation.

A new study has identified links between alterations in gut microbial populations and multiple markers of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Changes to the gut microbiome and its associated genes are increasingly thought to be involved in obesity and type 2 diabetes through complex mechanisms that are not fully elucidated.

Bristol- Myers Squibb (NYSE: BMY) and Enterome SA (Enterome), a pioneer in the development of pharmaceuticals and diagnostics based on the gut microbiome, announced that

Abstract: We propose to investigate the hypothesis that consistent changes in the human gut microbiome are associated with Crohns disease, a form of inflammatory bowel disease, and that altered microbiota contributes to pathogenesis. Analysis of this problem is greatly complicated by the fact that multiple factors influence the composition of the gut microbiota, including diet, host genotype, and disease state. For example, data from others and us document a drastic impact of diet on the composition of the gut microbiome. No amount of sequencing will yield a useful picture of the role of the microbiota in disease if samples are confounded with uncontrolled variables. Our proposed project will take advantage of our experience with deep sequencing to characterize the composition of the gut microbiome, but also control diet, host genotype, and disease state. Diet will be controlled by analyzing children treated for Crohns disease by placing them on a standardized elemental diet, and by testing ...

Penn Medicine researchers have singled out a bacterial enzyme behind an imbalance in the gut microbiome linked to Crohns disease. The new study, published online this week in Science Translational Medicine, suggests that wiping out a significant portion of the bacteria in the gut microbiome, and then re-introducing a certain type of "good" bacteria that lacks this enzyme, known as urease, may be an effective approach to better treat these diseases.. Click here for more.. ...

Gastroenterology is proud to present a special issue devoted to The Gut Microbiome in Health and Disease. The human body contains over 10 times more microbial cells than human cells. This microbiome (the commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic microorganisms that share our body space) maintains the health and function of many tissues, and its disruption contributes…

|p|Each of us has a unique gut microbiome - the composition of which can change on a daily basis. Your microbiome can affect your weight, your food cravings, your immune system and your mental health.|/p|

A new study explores the potential link between the gut microbiome and mental health. Researchers report depression may be influenced by disturbances to gut bacteria, suggesting nutrition and diet, in combination with other strategies, could help treat the disorder.

A research team led by Tufts University engineers has developed a 3D printed pill that samples bacteria found in the gut -- known as the microbiome -- as it passes through the gastrointestinal tract (GI).

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General Microbiome Chlamydia retesting and retest positivity rates: results from a state-wide laboratory data linkage study in Tasmania, 2012-13 - Nicola Stephens - Sexual Health Human Gut Microbiome Gut metagenomes of type 2 diabetic patients have characteristic single-nucleotide polymorphism distribution in Bacteroides coprocola - Yaowen Chen - Microbiome Animal Microbiome Influence of different inclusion levels and chain length…

We are always looking for talented post-doctoral fellows interested in working in an interdisciplinary research group that is developing and applying new metagenomic methods for analyzing the community structure, gene content, and transcriptional activity of the human gut microbiome. A major focus is on understanding how the microbiota and microbiome participate in the metabolism of various xenobiotics, including orally ingested drugs, and the impact of these activities on health, disease risk and therapeutic efficacy. Ideally, the candidate should have a PhD and research interests in comparative genomics, microbiology, computational biology, statistics, and/or biological chemistry/pharmacology ...

The human gut microbiome is truly mind-boggling. We are teaming with microorganisms and their presence has been implicated not just in C. difficile colitis but in obesity, cardiovascular disease and a whole host of other diseases. The suggestion has even been made that our genetic code should be described as not only the DNA found within our cells, but as an amalgamation of that and the genes found in the microorganisms that surround and cover us - that the microorganisms are an intrinsic part of us ...

From BioPortfolio: A new study by Vancheswaran Gopalakrishnan (MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA) and colleagues has found that the composition of the gut microbiome aff...