Abnormal passage in any organ of the biliary tract or between biliary organs and other organs.
Liver disease caused by infections with parasitic tapeworms of the genus ECHINOCOCCUS, such as Echinococcus granulosus or Echinococcus multilocularis. Ingested Echinococcus ova burrow into the intestinal mucosa. The larval migration to the liver via the PORTAL VEIN leads to watery vesicles (HYDATID CYST).
Surgical formation of an opening (stoma) into the COMMON BILE DUCT for drainage or for direct communication with a site in the small intestine, primarily the DUODENUM or JEJUNUM.
Abnormal communication most commonly seen between two internal organs, or between an internal organ and the surface of the body.
Diseases in any part of the ductal system of the BILIARY TRACT from the smallest BILE CANALICULI to the largest COMMON BILE DUCT.
Surgical removal of the GALLBLADDER.
An abnormal direct communication between an artery and a vein without passing through the CAPILLARIES. An A-V fistula usually leads to the formation of a dilated sac-like connection, arteriovenous aneurysm. The locations and size of the shunts determine the degree of effects on the cardiovascular functions such as BLOOD PRESSURE and HEART RATE.
An emulsifying agent produced in the LIVER and secreted into the DUODENUM. Its composition includes BILE ACIDS AND SALTS; CHOLESTEROL; and ELECTROLYTES. It aids DIGESTION of fats in the duodenum.
Fiberoptic endoscopy designed for duodenal observation and cannulation of VATER'S AMPULLA, in order to visualize the pancreatic and biliary duct system by retrograde injection of contrast media. Endoscopic (Vater) papillotomy (SPHINCTEROTOMY, ENDOSCOPIC) may be performed during this procedure.
An abnormal anatomical passage between the INTESTINE, and another segment of the intestine or other organs. External intestinal fistula is connected to the SKIN (enterocutaneous fistula). Internal intestinal fistula can be connected to a number of organs, such as STOMACH (gastrocolic fistula), the BILIARY TRACT (cholecystoduodenal fistula), or the URINARY BLADDER of the URINARY TRACT (colovesical fistula). Risk factors include inflammatory processes, cancer, radiation treatment, and surgical misadventures (MEDICAL ERRORS).
An abnormal passage or communication leading from an internal organ to the surface of the body.
The removal of fluids or discharges from the body, such as from a wound, sore, or cavity.
An abnormal passage or communication between a bronchus and another part of the body.
An abnormal passage between two or more BLOOD VESSELS, between ARTERIES; VEINS; or between an artery and a vein.
An abnormal anatomical passage connecting the RECTUM to the outside, with an orifice at the site of drainage.
Abnormal passage communicating with the STOMACH.
An abnormal passage in any part of the URINARY TRACT between itself or with other organs.
Abnormal passage communicating with the ESOPHAGUS. The most common type is TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL FISTULA between the esophagus and the TRACHEA.
Abnormal passage communicating with the PANCREAS.
An abnormal anatomical passage between the RECTUM and the VAGINA.
An abnormal anatomical passage between the URINARY BLADDER and the VAGINA.
An abnormal passage communicating between any component of the respiratory tract or between any part of the respiratory system and surrounding organs.
An abnormal anatomical passage that connects the VAGINA to other organs, such as the bladder (VESICOVAGINAL FISTULA) or the rectum (RECTOVAGINAL FISTULA).
Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.
Abnormal passage between the ESOPHAGUS and the TRACHEA, acquired or congenital, often associated with ESOPHAGEAL ATRESIA.
An abnormal passage communicating between any components of the digestive system, or between any part of the digestive system and surrounding organ(s).
A protrusion of abdominal structures through the retaining ABDOMINAL WALL. It involves two parts: an opening in the abdominal wall, and a hernia sac consisting of PERITONEUM and abdominal contents. Abdominal hernias include groin hernia (HERNIA, FEMORAL; HERNIA, INGUINAL) and VENTRAL HERNIA.
Surgical creation of an external opening into the ILEUM for fecal diversion or drainage. This replacement for the RECTUM is usually created in patients with severe INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES. Loop (continent) or tube (incontinent) procedures are most often employed.

Chronic cough due to bronchobiliary fistula. (1/165)

Bronchobiliary fistula is a rare cause of chronic cough. Here we describe a 70-year-old woman complaining of chronic cough and copious dark-yellow watery sputum. The presence of air in the biliary tract in the lower cuts of a computerized tomography scan of the chest and positive bile in the sputum led to the suspicion of bronchobiliary fistula. The diagnosis was confirmed by percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. Drainage of the intrahepatic biliary tract resulted in complete resolution of her symptoms.  (+info)

Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy: a reappraisal of its indications and results. (2/165)

A critical evaluation is made of 131 patients submitted to choledocho or hepaticojejunostomy. The main indications for hepaticojejunostomy were iatrogenic strictures of CBD (60 patients), and choledocholithiasis with markedly dilated duct (41 patients). The overall mortality rate was 4% representing principally renal hepatic failure, bile peritonitis and bleeding. The complications following hepaticojejunostomy included only in one case biliary fistula which required reoperation. The long-term results of 80 patients available for a followup study were as follows: 63 patients (78.7%) were symptom-free at 2-13 years followup; 8 patients had brief episodes of cholangitis which responded to antibiotic and corticosteroid treatment; 9 patients required reoperation for stricture of anastomosis. These overall results are a strong argument for hepaticojejunostomy which, compared with choledochoduodenostomy, avoids the hazards of the so-called sump syndrome and of the reflux of enteric contents in the CBD. An increased incidence of peptic ulcer disease in the patients submitted to hepaticojejunostomy was not observed. In very high strictures and in reinterventions anastomosis between left hepatic duct and Roux-en-Y jejunal limb was carried out. The results achieved with this technique, which was performed in 26 patients, were about the same following hepaticojejunostomy.  (+info)

Genetic factors at the enterocyte level account for variations in intestinal cholesterol absorption efficiency among inbred strains of mice. (3/165)

Interindividual and interstrain variations in cholesterol absorption efficiency occur in humans and animals. We investigated physiological biliary and small intestinal factors that might determine variations in cholesterol absorption efficiency among inbred mouse strains. We found that there were significant differences in cholesterol absorption efficiency measured by plasma, fecal, and lymphatic methods: <25% in AKR/J, C3H/J, and A/J strains; 25-30% in SJL/J, DBA/2J, BALB/cJ, SWR/J, and SM/J strains; and 31-40% in C57L/J, C57BL/6J, FVB/J, and 129/SvJ strains. In (AKRxC57L)F1 mice, the cholesterol absorption efficiency (31 +/- 6%) mimicked that of the C57L parent (37 +/- 5%) and was significantly higher than in AKR mice (24 +/- 4%). Although biliary bile salt compositions and small intestinal transit times were similar, C57L mice displayed significantly greater bile salt secretion rates and pool sizes than AKR mice. In examining lymphatic cholesterol transport in the setting of a chronic biliary fistula, C57L mice displayed significantly higher cholesterol absorption rates compared with AKR mice. Because biliary and intestinal transit factors were accounted for, we conclude that genetic variations at the enterocyte level determine differences in murine cholesterol absorption efficiency, with high cholesterol absorption likely to be a dominant trait. This study provides baseline information for identifying candidate genes that regulate intestinal cholesterol absorption at the cellular level.  (+info)

Biliary-bronchial fistula demonstrated by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography. (4/165)

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography is valuable in the evaluation of biliary tract disorders. A 50-year-old Italian woman developed biloptysis 1 year after cholecystectomy because of intrabiliary rupture of a hydatid cyst with secondary infection, which resulted in intrathoracic rupture and communication with the bronchial tree. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography showed the cause and pathway of the fistulous tract by outlining the biliary tree, abscess cavity and communication with the right upper lobe bronchus. This technique appears to be well suited to the investigation of patients with biliary-bronchial fistula.  (+info)

External biliary fistula. (5/165)

External biliary fistulas, once common, are now rare: before the present report of 4 cases only 27 cases have been reported in the English literature since 1900. Review of the records of four patients with external biliary fistula confirmed its occurrence in patients over 50 years of age and the variable site for operning of the fistulous tract. Cholecystectomy provided successful treatment in three of the four patients but the fourth was too ill to undergo an operation; in general, definitive treatment is cholecystectomy, together with excision of the fistulous tract if this takes a direct path through the abdominal wall from the gallbladder, or curettage if the course is devious.  (+info)

Percutaneous evacuation (PEVAC) of multivesicular echinococcal cysts with or without cystobiliary fistulas which contain non-drainable material: first results of a modified PAIR method. (6/165)

BACKGROUND: Surgery is the treatment of choice in echinococcal cysts with cystobiliary fistulas. PAIR (puncture, aspiration, injection, and reaspiration of scolecidals) is contraindicated in these cases. AIM: To evaluate a modified PAIR method for percutaneous treatment of multivesicular echinococcal cysts with or without cystobiliary fistulas which contain non-drainable material. PATIENTS: Twelve patients were treated: 10 patients with multivesicular cysts which contained non-drainable material and were complicated by spontaneous intrabiliary rupture, secondary cystobiliary fistulas, cyst infection, or obstructed portal or hepatic veins; and two patients with large univesicular cysts and a ruptured laminated membrane, one obstructing the portal and hepatic veins and one a suspected cystobiliary fistula. METHODS: The methods used, termed PEVAC (percutaneous evacuation of cyst content), involved the following steps: ultrasound guided cyst puncture and aspiration of cyst fluid to release intracystic pressure and thereby to avoid leakage; insertion of a large bore catheter; aspiration and evacuation of daughter cysts and endocyst by injection and reaspiration of isotonic saline; cystography; injection of scolecidals only if no cystobiliary fistula was present; external drainage of cystobiliary fistulas combined with endoprosthesis or sphincterotomy; catheter removal after complete cyst collapse and closure of the cystobiliary fistula. RESULTS: In all 12 patients initial cyst size was 13.1 (6-20) cm (mean (range)). At follow up 17.9 (4-30) months after PEVAC, seven cysts had disappeared and five cysts had decreased to 2.4 (1-4) cm (p=0.002). In eight patients with multivesicular cysts, a cystobiliary fistula, and infection, cyst size was 12.5 (6-20) cm, catheter time 72.3 (28-128) days, and hospital stay 38.1 (20-55) days. At 17.3 (4-28) months of follow up, six cysts had disappeared and in two cysts residual size was 1 and 2.9 cm, respectively (p=0.012). In four patients without a cystobiliary fistula, cyst size was 14.4 (12.7-16) cm, catheter time 8.8 (3-13) days, and hospital stay 11.5 (8-14) days. At 19.3 (9-30) months of follow up, one cyst had disappeared and three cysts were 85 (69-94)% smaller (2.2 (1-4) cm) (p=0.068). CONCLUSION: PEVAC is a safe and effective method for percutaneous treatment of multivesicular echinococcal cysts with or without cystobiliary fistulas which contain non-drainable material.  (+info)

Regulation of hepatic connexins in cholestasis: possible involvement of Kupffer cells and inflammatory mediators. (7/165)

Hepatocyte gap junction proteins, connexins (Cxs) 26 and 32, are downregulated during obstructive cholestasis (OC) and lipopolysaccharide hepatocellular cholestasis (LPS-HC). We investigated rat hepatic Cxs during ethynylestradiol hepatocellular cholestasis (EE-HC) and choledochocaval fistula (CCF) and compared them with OC and LPS-HC. Levels (immunoblotting) and cellular distribution (immunofluorescence) of Cx26, -32, and -43, as well as macrophage infiltration, were studied in livers of rats under each condition. Cx26 and -32 were reduced in LPS-HC, OC, and CCF. However, in EE-HC, Cx26 did not change and Cx32 was increased. Prominent inflammation occurred in LPS-HC, OC, and CCF, which was associated with increased levels of Cx43 in LPS-HC and OC but not CCF. No inflammation nor changes in Cx43 levels occurred during EE-HC. In cultured hepatocytes, dye coupling was reduced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukins-1beta and -6, whereas reduction induced by LPS required coculture with Kupffer cells. Thus hepatocyte gap junctions are downregulated in forms of cholestasis associated with inflammation, and reduced intercellular communication might be induced in part by proinflammatory mediators.  (+info)

Sirolimus/cyclosporine/tacrolimus interactions on bile flow and biliary excretion of immunosuppressants in a subchronic bile fistula rat model. (8/165)

The new immunosuppressive agent sirolimus generally is combined in transplant patients with cyclosporine and tacrolimus which both exhibit cholestatic effects. Nothing is known about possible cholestatic effects of these combinations which might be important for biliary excretion of endogenous compounds as well as of immunosuppressants. Rats were daily treated with sirolimus (1 mg kg(-1) p.o.), cyclosporine (10 mg kg(-1) i.p.), tacrolimus (1 mg kg(-1) i.p.), or a combination of sirolimus with cyclosporine or tacrolimus. After 14 days a bile fistula was installed to investigate the effects of the immunosuppressants and their combinations on bile flow and on biliary excretion of bile salts, cholesterol, and immunosuppressants. Cyclosporine as well as tacrolimus reduced bile flow (-22%; -18%), biliary excretion of bile salts (-15%;-36%) and cholesterol (-15%; -47%). Sirolimus decreased bile flow by 10%, but had no effect on cholesterol or bile salt excretion. Combination of sirolimus/cyclosporine decreased bile flow and biliary bile salt excretion to the same extent as cyclosporine alone, but led to a 2 fold increase of biliary cholesterol excretion. Combination of sirolimus/tacrolimus reduced bile flow only by 7.5% and did not change biliary bile salt and cholesterol excretion. Sirolimus enhanced blood concentrations of cyclosporine (+40%) and tacrolimus (+57%). Sirolimus blood concentration was increased by cyclosporine (+400%), but was not affected by tacrolimus. We conclude that a combination of sirolimus/tacrolimus could be the better alternative to the cotreatment of sirolimus/cyclosporine in cholestatic patients and in those facing difficulties in reaching therapeutic ranges of sirolimus blood concentration.  (+info)

The most common types of biliary fistulas are:

1. Bile duct-enteric fistula: This type of fistula connects the bile ducts to the small intestine.
2. Bile duct-skin fistula: This type of fistula connects the bile ducts to the skin, which can lead to a bile leak and infection.
3. Bile duct-liver fistula: This type of fistula connects the bile ducts to the liver, which can cause bleeding and infection.

Symptoms of biliary fistula may include:

* Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes)
* Pale or clay-colored stools
* Dark urine
* Fatigue
* Loss of appetite
* Weight loss

Diagnosis of biliary fistula is typically made through a combination of imaging tests such as endoscopy, CT scan, and MRI. Treatment options for biliary fistula include:

1. Endoscopic therapy: This may involve the use of an endoscope to repair or close off the fistula.
2. Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair or remove the damaged bile ducts.
3. Stent placement: A stent may be placed in the bile ducts to help keep them open and allow for proper drainage.

It is important to seek medical attention if you experience any symptoms of biliary fistula, as it can lead to serious complications such as infection or bleeding.

A parasitic infection caused by the larvae of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus, which primarily affects the liver. The adult worms live in the small intestine of dogs and other canines, and their eggs are shed in the feces. Humans become infected when they ingest the eggs, which then hatch and form cysts in various organs, including the liver.

Symptoms may include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss. If untreated, the cysts can continue to grow and cause further damage to the liver and other organs. Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the cysts, followed by antiparasitic medication to kill any remaining adult worms.

Preventive measures include avoiding contact with dog feces and proper disposal of infected animal waste. In areas where the disease is common, control programs may involve mass treatment of dogs and other canines to reduce the risk of transmission to humans.

There are several types of fistulas, including:

1. Anal fistula: a connection between the anus and the skin around it, usually caused by an abscess or infection.
2. Rectovaginal fistula: a connection between the rectum and the vagina, often seen in women who have had radiation therapy for cancer.
3. Vesicovaginal fistula: a connection between the bladder and the vagina, often caused by obstetric injuries or surgery.
4. Enterocutaneous fistula: a connection between the intestine and the skin, often seen in patients with inflammatory bowel disease or cancer.
5. Fistula-in-ano: a connection between the rectum and the skin around the anus, often caused by chronic constipation or previous surgery.

Symptoms of fistulas can include pain, bleeding, discharge, and difficulty controlling bowel movements. Treatment depends on the type and location of the fistula, but may include antibiotics, surgery, or other interventional procedures.

Examples of bile duct diseases include:

1. Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC): An inflammatory condition that damages the bile ducts, leading to scarring and narrowing of the ducts.
2. Cholangiocarcinoma: A type of cancer that originates in the bile ducts.
3. Gallstones: Small, pebble-like deposits that form in the gallbladder or bile ducts and can cause blockages and inflammation.
4. Bile duct injuries: Damage to the bile ducts during surgery or other medical procedures.
5. Biliary atresia: A congenital condition where the bile ducts are blocked or absent, leading to jaundice and other symptoms in infants.

Treatment for bile duct diseases depends on the underlying cause and can include medications, endoscopic procedures, surgery, and in some cases, liver transplantation.

The AVF is created by joining a radial or brachial artery to a vein in the forearm or upper arm. The vein is typically a radiocephalic vein, which is a vein that drains blood from the hand and forearm. The fistula is formed by sewing the artery and vein together with a specialized suture material.

Once the AVF is created, it needs time to mature before it can be used for hemodialysis. This process can take several weeks or months, depending on the size of the fistula and the individual patient's healing response. During this time, the patient may need to undergo regular monitoring and testing to ensure that the fistula is functioning properly.

The advantages of an AVF over other types of hemodialysis access include:

1. Improved blood flow: The high-flow path created by the AVF allows for more efficient removal of waste products from the blood.
2. Reduced risk of infection: The connection between the artery and vein is less likely to become infected than other types of hemodialysis access.
3. Longer duration: AVFs can last for several years, providing a reliable and consistent source of hemodialysis access.
4. Improved patient comfort: The fistula is typically located in the arm or forearm, which is less invasive and more comfortable for the patient than other types of hemodialysis access.

However, there are also potential risks and complications associated with AVFs, including:

1. Access failure: The fistula may not mature properly or may become blocked, requiring alternative access methods.
2. Infection: As with any surgical procedure, there is a risk of infection with AVF creation.
3. Steal syndrome: This is a rare complication that occurs when the flow of blood through the fistula interferes with the normal flow of blood through the arm.
4. Thrombosis: The fistula may become occluded due to clotting, which can be treated with thrombolysis or surgical intervention.

In summary, an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is a type of hemodialysis access that is created by connecting an artery and a vein, providing a high-flow path for hemodialysis. AVFs offer several advantages over other types of hemodialysis access, including improved blood flow, reduced risk of infection, longer duration, and improved patient comfort. However, there are also potential risks and complications associated with AVFs, including access failure, infection, steal syndrome, and thrombosis. Regular monitoring and testing are necessary to ensure that the fistula is functioning properly and to minimize the risk of these complications.

The term "intestinal fistula" encompasses several different types of fistulas that can occur in the gastrointestinal tract, including:

1. Enterocutaneous fistula: This type of fistula occurs between the intestine and the skin, typically on the abdominal wall.
2. Enteroenteric fistula: This type of fistula occurs between two segments of the intestine.
3. Enterofistulous intestinal tract: This type of fistula occurs when a segment of the intestine is replaced by a fistula.
4. Fecal fistula: This type of fistula occurs between the rectum and the skin, typically on the perineum.

The causes of intestinal fistulas are varied and can include:

1. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): Both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis can lead to the development of intestinal fistulas.
2. Diverticulitis: This condition can cause a fistula to form between the diverticula and the surrounding tissues.
3. Infection: Bacterial or parasitic infections can cause the formation of fistulas in the intestine.
4. Radiation therapy: This can damage the intestinal tissue and lead to the formation of a fistula.
5. Trauma: Blunt or penetrating trauma to the abdomen can cause a fistula to form between the intestine and surrounding tissues.
6. Cancer: Malignancies in the intestine or surrounding tissues can erode through the bowel wall and form a fistula.
7. Rare genetic conditions: Certain inherited conditions, such as familial polyposis syndrome, can increase the risk of developing intestinal fistulas.
8. Other medical conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as tuberculosis or syphilis, can also cause intestinal fistulas.

The symptoms of intestinal fistulas can vary depending on the location and severity of the fistula. Common symptoms include:

1. Abdominal pain
2. Diarrhea
3. Rectal bleeding
4. Infection (fever, chills, etc.)
5. Weakness and fatigue
6. Abdominal distension
7. Loss of appetite
8. Nausea and vomiting

The diagnosis of an intestinal fistula is typically made through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and diagnostic tests such as:

1. Imaging studies (X-rays, CT scans, MRI scans) to visualize the fistula and surrounding tissues.
2. Endoscopy to examine the inside of the intestine and identify any damage or abnormalities.
3. Biopsy to obtain a tissue sample for further examination.
4. Blood tests to check for signs of infection or inflammation.

Treatment of an intestinal fistula depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition. Treatment options may include:

1. Antibiotics to treat any underlying infections.
2. Surgery to repair the fistula and remove any damaged tissue.
3. Nutritional support to help the body heal and recover.
4. Management of any underlying medical conditions, such as diabetes or Crohn's disease.
5. Supportive care to manage symptoms such as pain, nausea, and vomiting.

The prognosis for intestinal fistulas varies depending on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition. In general, with prompt and appropriate treatment, many people with intestinal fistulas can experience a good outcome and recover fully. However, in some cases, complications such as infection or bleeding may occur, and the condition may be challenging to treat.

Terms commonly used when discussing cutaneous fistula include:

* Cutaneous: refers to the skin
* Fistula: a tunnel-like structure that connects two organs or tissues
* Drainage: the removal of fluid or pus from the body

Example sentences using the word "cutaneous fistula":

1. The patient developed a cutaneous fistula on their abdomen after undergoing surgery for an abscess.
2. The cutaneous fistula was causing discomfort and infection, so the doctor recommended draining it to prevent further complications.
3. The cause of the cutaneous fistula was determined to be a cyst that had ruptured and formed a tunnel-like structure to the skin.

In medical terminology, a bronchial fistula is an unusual connection between two organs or between an organ and the skin that allows air to escape from the respiratory tract and enter the skin. This can result in a persistent cough and other symptoms, such as chest pain, fever, and difficulty breathing.

Bronchial fistulas are relatively rare and can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

1. Trauma to the chest, such as from a car accident or fall.
2. Infections, such as tuberculosis or pneumonia, that can damage the lungs and cause an abnormal connection to form.
3. Cancer, such as lung cancer, that has spread to the skin and formed a fistula.
4. Congenital conditions, such as bronchial malformations that are present at birth.

Treatment for a bronchial fistula depends on the underlying cause and may include antibiotics for infections, surgery to repair or remove damaged tissue, or other interventions to manage symptoms. In some cases, a bronchial fistula may be treated with endobronchial therapy, in which a small tube is inserted through the mouth or nose and guided to the site of the fistula to close it off.

In summary, a bronchial fistula is an abnormal connection between two organs or between an organ and the skin that can cause air to leak into the skin and lead to chronic cough and other symptoms. Treatment depends on the underlying cause of the fistula and may involve antibiotics, surgery, or endobronchial therapy.

Example sentence: "The patient underwent surgery to create a vascular fistula in her arm to improve the flow of blood to her kidneys."

Please note that this definition is a summary and may not be comprehensive or up-to-date. For accurate and current information, I recommend consulting a medical professional or a reputable online source.

Also known as: Gastric-enteric fistula, gastrointestinal fistula, stomach fistula.

Example sentences:

1. The patient was diagnosed with a gastric fistula and underwent surgery to repair the abnormal connection.
2. The symptoms of gastric fistula can be severe and debilitating, making it important to seek medical attention if they persist or worsen over time.
3. Gastric fistula is a rare complication of gastric surgery, but it can be managed with prompt and appropriate treatment.

The symptoms of urinary fistula can vary depending on the location and severity of the condition, but may include:

* Incontinence or leakage of urine
* Pain or discomfort in the abdomen or pelvis
* Frequent urination or difficulty starting a stream of urine
* Blood in the urine
* Cloudy or strong-smelling urine
* Recurring urinary tract infections

Treatment for urinary fistula typically involves surgery to repair the abnormal connection and restore normal urinary function. In some cases, this may involve creating a new opening for urine to pass through or repairing damaged tissue.

Preventive measures for urinary fistula are not well established, but good hygiene practices and proper care after surgery can help reduce the risk of developing the condition. Early detection and treatment are important to prevent complications and improve outcomes.

Symptoms of an esophageal fistula may include difficulty swallowing, regurgitation of food, coughing, and chest pain. Diagnosis is typically made through endoscopy, imaging studies such as CT scans or MRIs, and other tests such as barium swallows or pH monitoring.

Treatment options for esophageal fistula depend on the location and severity of the fistula, as well as the underlying cause. Conservative management with antibiotics and acid suppression may be sufficient for some cases, while more complex interventions such as surgery or endoscopic therapy may be required for others. In severe cases, esophageal fistula may require emergency surgical repair to prevent life-threatening complications such as aspiration pneumonia or sepsis.

The severity and impact of pancreatic fistula can vary depending on factors such as the size and location of the fistula, the extent of the pancreatectomy, and the overall health status of the individual. Treatment options for pancreatic fistula may include conservative management with supportive care, surgical repair or revision of the pancreatectomy, or other interventional procedures to manage symptoms and prevent complications.

Symptoms of a rectovaginal fistula may include:

* Incontinence of stool or gas into the vagina
* Pain in the rectal or vaginal area
* Discharge of stool or gas from the vagina
* Perineal pain during sexual activity
* Difficulty with bowel movements

Diagnosis is typically made through a physical examination, and may also include imaging tests such as an MRI or CT scan.

Treatment for a rectovaginal fistula usually involves surgery to repair the defect. The type of surgery used will depend on the location and size of the fistula, as well as the patient's overall health. In some cases, multiple procedures may be necessary to achieve complete resolution of symptoms.

In addition to surgical treatment, other therapies such as bowel training, stool softeners, and antibiotics may be used to manage symptoms and prevent complications. Patients with rectovaginal fistulas should work closely with their healthcare provider to develop a personalized treatment plan that addresses their individual needs and goals.

In the medical field, VVF is typically diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, imaging tests such as ultrasound or MRI, and cystography, which involves injecting dye into the bladder to visualize its shape and function.

Treatment for VVF usually involves surgery to repair the connection between the bladder and vagina. The specific surgical approach will depend on the location and severity of the fistula, as well as the patient's overall health. In some cases, a seton or a catheter may be used to help drain urine from the bladder until the fistula can be repaired.

In addition to surgical treatment, patients with VVF may also require ongoing management of related complications such as urinary tract infections, and may need to make lifestyle changes such as avoiding certain foods or activities that can exacerbate the condition.

Overall, vesicovaginal fistula is a serious medical condition that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent complications and improve quality of life for patients.

The symptoms of a respiratory tract fistula can vary depending on the location and size of the connection. Some common symptoms include:

* Difficulty breathing
* Nasal regurgitation of food or liquids
* Coughing up blood or mucus
* Chest pain or pressure
* Wheezing or stridor (a high-pitched sound when breathing in)
* Pneumonia or other respiratory infections

If you suspect that you or someone else may have a respiratory tract fistula, it is important to seek medical attention as soon as possible. A healthcare professional will perform a physical examination and order imaging tests, such as a CT scan or MRI, to confirm the diagnosis and determine the location and size of the fistula.

Treatment for a respiratory tract fistula depends on the severity of the condition and may include:

* Observation and monitoring: Small fistulas may not require treatment and can be monitored with regular check-ups to ensure that they do not cause any complications.
* Endoscopy: A thin, flexible tube with a camera and light on the end can be inserted through the nose or mouth to visualize the fistula and remove any obstructions.
* Surgery: Larger fistulas may require surgical repair, which can involve closing the connection between the two organs or structures with sutures or staples.
* Laser therapy: A laser can be used to burn away the abnormal tissue creating the fistula.

It is important to note that respiratory tract fistulas are rare and most people with this condition will not experience any complications or symptoms. However, if you suspect that you or someone you know may have a respiratory tract fistula, it is important to seek medical attention as soon as possible to receive an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

In the medical field, "vaginal fistula" is a term that is used to describe an abnormal connection between two organs or between an organ and the skin that occurs in the vagina. This condition can have a significant impact on a woman's quality of life, causing a range of symptoms such as urinary incontinence, vaginal discharge, pain during intercourse, and pelvic pressure.

The causes of vaginal fistula can be varied and may include:

* Childbirth: Vaginal tears or episiotomy during delivery can sometimes lead to a fistula.
* Sexual trauma: Traumatic sexual experiences, such as rape or sexual assault, can cause a fistula to develop.
* Radiation therapy: Radiation therapy to the pelvic area can damage the vaginal tissue and lead to a fistula.
* Surgery: Certain surgeries, such as hysterectomy or bladder neck suspension, can sometimes result in a fistula.

Treatment options for vaginal fistula depend on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition. Surgery is often the primary treatment approach, and may involve repairing or closing the fistula, or removing any damaged tissue. Hormonal therapy may also be prescribed to help manage symptoms such as vaginal dryness or pain during intercourse. Other supportive measures, such as catheterization or urethral dilatation, may also be necessary to help manage urinary incontinence or other complications.

In summary, vaginal fistula is a condition that can cause significant distress and disrupt daily life. It is important to seek medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen over time, as early diagnosis and treatment can improve outcomes and reduce the risk of long-term complications.

1. Infection: Bacterial or viral infections can develop after surgery, potentially leading to sepsis or organ failure.
2. Adhesions: Scar tissue can form during the healing process, which can cause bowel obstruction, chronic pain, or other complications.
3. Wound complications: Incisional hernias, wound dehiscence (separation of the wound edges), and wound infections can occur.
4. Respiratory problems: Pneumonia, respiratory failure, and atelectasis (collapsed lung) can develop after surgery, particularly in older adults or those with pre-existing respiratory conditions.
5. Cardiovascular complications: Myocardial infarction (heart attack), cardiac arrhythmias, and cardiac failure can occur after surgery, especially in high-risk patients.
6. Renal (kidney) problems: Acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease can develop postoperatively, particularly in patients with pre-existing renal impairment.
7. Neurological complications: Stroke, seizures, and neuropraxia (nerve damage) can occur after surgery, especially in patients with pre-existing neurological conditions.
8. Pulmonary embolism: Blood clots can form in the legs or lungs after surgery, potentially causing pulmonary embolism.
9. Anesthesia-related complications: Respiratory and cardiac complications can occur during anesthesia, including respiratory and cardiac arrest.
10. delayed healing: Wound healing may be delayed or impaired after surgery, particularly in patients with pre-existing medical conditions.

It is important for patients to be aware of these potential complications and to discuss any concerns with their surgeon and healthcare team before undergoing surgery.

There are different types of TEF, classified based on the location of the connection:

1. Intrathoracic TEF: This type of fistula connects the trachea and esophagus within the chest cavity.
2. Extraluminal TEF: This type of fistula connects the trachea and esophagus outside the chest cavity, usually near the thyroid gland or cricothyroid membrane.

The symptoms of TEF can vary depending on the location and size of the fistula. Some common symptoms include:

* Difficulty breathing
* Coughing or wheezing
* Swallowing difficulties
* Pneumonia or other respiratory infections
* Aspiration pneumonia (when food, liquids, or stomach contents enter the lungs)
* Chest pain or discomfort
* Weight loss or failure to gain weight

TEF can be diagnosed using a variety of tests, including:

1. Endoscopy: A flexible tube with a camera and light on the end is inserted through the nose or mouth to visualize the esophagus and trachea.
2. Imaging studies: X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans can help identify the location and size of the fistula.
3. Bronchoscopy: A thin, flexible tube with a camera and light on the end is inserted through the nose or mouth to visualize the inside of the airways and trachea.
4. Biopsy: A small sample of tissue may be taken from the fistula for further examination.

Treatment for TEF depends on the location, size, and severity of the fistula, as well as the patient's overall health and medical history. Treatment options may include:

1. Endoscopic therapy: The fistula may be closed using endoscopy, either by injecting a special medication or by using a device to close the opening.
2. Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair the fistula. This may involve removing the diseased tissue and reconstructing the airway.
3. Antibiotics: If an infection is present, antibiotics may be prescribed to help clear it up.
4. Supportive care: Patients with TEF may require supportive care, such as oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation, to help them breathe and manage their symptoms.

Overall, early diagnosis and treatment of TEF are important to prevent complications and improve outcomes.

Types: There are several types of digestive system fistulae, including:

* Esophago-gastric fistula: A connection between the esophagus and stomach
* Gastric-duodenal fistula: A connection between the stomach and small intestine
* Jejuno-ileal fistula: A connection between the small intestine and large intestine
* Ileo-caecal fistula: A connection between the large intestine and the caecum, a pouch-like structure in the appendix

Causes: Digestive system fistulae can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

* Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis
* Diverticulitis, a condition in which pouches form in the wall of the GI tract and become infected
* Cancer, such as rectal cancer or colon cancer
* Radiation therapy to the pelvic area
* Infections, such as abscesses or gangrene

Symptoms: Symptoms of digestive system fistulae can include:

* Pain in the abdomen or pelvis
* Swelling in the abdomen or pelvis
* Fever
* Diarrhea or constipation
* Abdominal distension
* Weight loss

Treatment: Treatment for digestive system fistulae depends on the underlying cause and may include antibiotics, surgery, or other interventions. In some cases, the condition may be managed with draining of the abscess or fistula, or with the use of a nasogastric tube to drain the contents of the stomach. Surgical repair of the fistula may also be necessary.

Prognosis: The prognosis for digestive system fistulae depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition. In general, early diagnosis and treatment can improve outcomes. However, if left untreated, the condition can lead to serious complications such as sepsis, organ damage, or death.

Prevention: Preventing digestive system fistulae involves managing any underlying conditions that may contribute to their development. For example, people with inflammatory bowel disease should adhere to their treatment regimens and make lifestyle changes as recommended by their healthcare providers. In addition, good hand hygiene and proper sterilization techniques can help prevent the spread of infections that can lead to fistulae.

* Inguinal hernia: Occurs when part of the intestine bulges through a weakened area in the inguinal canal, which is located in the groin area.
* Umbilical hernia: Occurs when an organ or tissue protrudes through a weakened area near the belly button.
* Hiatal hernia: Occurs when the stomach bulges up into the chest through a weakened area in the diaphragm.
* Ventral hernia: Occurs when an organ or tissue protrudes through a weakened area in the abdominal wall, usually in the upper abdomen.

Symptoms of Abdominal Hernia may include pain or discomfort in the affected area, bulging or swelling, and difficulty passing stool or gas. Treatment options range from lifestyle changes to surgery, depending on the severity of the condition.

Damage to a bile duct may result in a leak, which may eventually become a biliary fistula. A biliary fistula often occurs in be ... A biliary fistula is a type of fistula in which bile flows along an abnormal connection from the bile ducts into nearby hollow ... Types of biliary fistula include: bilioenteric fistula: abnormal connection to small bowel, usually duodenum. thoracobiliary ... Bronchobilary fistula commonly caused by primary and metastatic tumors, bile duct obstruction secondary to biliary stenosis, ...
Common problems are biliary fistula, gastric stasis and infections; they are more common after removal of the right lobe of the ... Biliary complications include biliary stenosis, biliary leak, and ischemic cholangiopathy. The risk of ischemic cholangiopathy ... After blood flow is restored to the new liver, the biliary (bile duct) anastomosis is constructed, either to the recipient's ...
... of gallbladder (K83.3) Fistula of bile duct Biliary fistula: connecting the bile ducts to the skin surface, often ... Fistula of appendix (K60) Anal and rectal fissures and fistulas (K60.3) Anal fistula (K60.5) Anorectal fistula (fecal fistula, ... A fistula (plural: fistulas or fistulae /-li, -laɪ/; from Latin fistula, "tube, pipe") in anatomy is an abnormal connection ... H04.6) Lacrimal fistula (H05.81) Carotid cavernous fistula (H70.1) Mastoid fistula Craniosinus fistula: between the ...
"Successful treatment of postoperative external biliary fistula by selective nasobiliary drainage". HPB Surgery. 6 (2): 115-20, ...
Biliary fistula is also a possible complication, albeit one more amenable to nonsurgical management. Pulmonary complications ... Anatomic resections are generally preferred because of the smaller risk of bleeding and biliary fistula; however, non-anatomic ... International Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary Association (IHPBA) Terminology for Liver Resections Jarnagin, WR; Gonen, M; Fong, Y; ...
... or spontaneous biliary-enteric fistula. In a healthy individual with normal anatomy, there is no air within the biliary tree. ... ReMine WH (1973). "Biliary-enteric fistulas: natural history and mangement[sic]". Adv Surg. 7: 69-94. PMID 4591256. Sherman SC ... Marshall SF, Polk RC (1958). "Spontaneous internal biliary fistulas". Surg Clin North Am. 38 (3): 679-91. doi:10.1016/s0039- ... When this finding is present, it may be secondary to: Recent surgical or endoscopic biliary procedure (e.g. ERCP, biliary ...
It can also diagnose gallbladder diseases, e.g. bile leaks of biliary fistulas. In cholescintigraphy, the injected radioactive ... Scintigraphy of the biliary system is called cholescintigraphy and is done to diagnose obstruction of the bile ducts by a ...
Pneumobilia means air in the biliary tract. It is due to the transfer of air from bowel through the fistula into the biliary ... Due to the fistula formation between the small intestine and gallbladder, large stones can lodge in the small bowel, leading to ...
... biliary fistula, and overall morbidity. Conservative techniques are appropriate in endemic areas where surgery is performed by ...
... creating a biliary fistula. Delayed bleeding is a rare but potentially serious complication of sphincterotomy, particularly as ... July 2005). "ASGE guideline: The role of ERCP in diseases of the biliary tract and the pancreas". Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. ... Coucke, E. M.; Akbar, H.; Kahloon, A.; Lopez, P. P. (2022). "Biliary Obstruction". StatPearls. StatPearls. PMID 30969520. ... Tabibian, James H (2015). "Advanced endoscopic imaging of indeterminate biliary strictures". World Journal of Gastrointestinal ...
... who removed the stones from a spontaneously occurring biliary fistula. Stough Hobbs in 1867 performed the first recorded ... The risk of biliary injury is more during laparoscopic cholecystectomy than during open cholecystectomy. Biliary injury may ... Biliary injury (bile duct injury) is the traumatic damage of the bile ducts. It is most commonly an iatrogenic complication of ... Ideally biliary injury should be managed at a center with facilities and expertise in endoscopy, radiology and surgery. Biloma ...
... fistula of biliary tract spasm of sphincter of Oddi biliary cyst biliary atresia GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death, ... fistula cholesterolosis biliary dyskinesia K83: other diseases of the biliary tract: cholangitis (including ascending ... Biliary diseases include gallbladder disease and biliary tract diseases. In 2013 they resulted in 106,000 deaths up from 81,000 ... malignant neoplasm of the gallbladder malignant neoplasm of other parts of biliary tract extrahepatic bile duct ampulla of ...
... fistula of biliary tract (bile duct) spasm of sphincter of Oddi biliary cyst biliary atresia ICD-10 codes K70-K77: Liver ... fistula cholesterolosis biliary dyskinesia ICD-10 code K83: other diseases of the biliary tract: cholangitis (including ... Hepato-biliary diseases include liver diseases and biliary diseases. Their study is known as hepatology. Acute hepatitis A ... primary biliary cirrhosis) phlebitis of the portal vein granulomatous hepatitis berylliosis sarcoidosis nonalcoholic ...
... digestive system fistula MeSH C23.300.575.185.150 - biliary fistula MeSH C23.300.575.185.250 - esophageal fistula MeSH C23.300. ... oral fistula MeSH C23.300.575.500.275 - dental fistula MeSH C23.300.575.500.550 - oroantral fistula MeSH C23.300.575.500.775 - ... gastric fistula MeSH C23.300.575.185.550 - intestinal fistula MeSH C23.300.575.185.550.600 - rectal fistula MeSH C23.300. ... salivary gland fistula MeSH C23.300.575.687 - respiratory tract fistula MeSH C23.300.575.687.225 - bronchial fistula MeSH ...
Examples are arteriovenous fistulae or aneurysms (with or without thrombosis), biliary fistulae or aneurysms, sclerosing ... Discrete localized enlargements of normal structures (ureters, blood vessels, intrahepatic or extrahepatic biliary ducts, ...
... is a medical condition of bleeding into the biliary tree. Haemobilia occurs when there is a fistula between a vessel ... Surgery is indicated when TAE has failed or sepsis present in biliary tree or drainage has failed.[citation needed] Francis ... of the splanchnic circulation and the intrahepatic or extrahepatic biliary system. It can present as acute upper ...
571.5 Cirrhosis, NOS 571.6 Primary biliary cirrhosis 571.9 Liver disease, chronic, unspec. 572 Liver abscess and sequelae of ... Anal fissure and fistula 565.0, Anal fissure nontraumatic 566, Abscess of anal and rectal regions 566.0, Abscess perianal 567, ... 576 Other disorders of biliary tract 576.0 Postcholecystectomy syndrome 576.1 Cholangitis 576.2 Obstruction of bile duct ... Mirizzi's syndrome 576.3 Perforation of bile duct 576.4 Fistula of bile duct 576.5 Spasm of sphincter of oddi 577 Diseases of ...
Biliary Atresia, Pelviureteric Junction Obstruction Abdominal wall defects: Omphalocele, Gastroschisis, Hernias Chest wall ... esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula, hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, intestinal atresia, necrotizing enterocolitis ...
Most bile injuries require repair by a surgeon with special training in biliary reconstruction. If biliary injuries are ... Peritoneo-cutaneous fistula formation secondary to gallstone dropped at laparoscopic cholecystectomy 20 years previously: a ... Typically, pain from biliary colic is felt in the right upper part of the abdomen, is moderate to severe, and goes away on its ... Biliary colic usually occurs after meals when the gallbladder contracts to push bile out into the digestive tract. After a ...
alcohol use disorder chronic viral hepatitis biliary atresia Primary biliary cirrhosis Primary sclerosing cholangitis Chronic ... Prehepatic causes Portal vein thrombosis Splenic vein thrombosis Arteriovenous fistula (increased portal blood flow) ...
... especially in primary biliary cholangitis Hepatopulmonary syndrome, a complication of cirrhosis Others: Graves' disease ( ... cystic fibrosis Mesothelioma of the pleura Arteriovenous fistula or malformation Sarcoidosis Heart disease: Any disease ...
Biliary intervention Placement of catheters in the biliary system to bypass biliary obstructions and decompress the biliary ... The arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the preferred method. Arteriovenous fistula are created surgically by directly connecting an ... The Fistula First initiative works to promote physician and patient awareness about the benefits of first attempting ... There are a few devices (endo AVF) that are being utilized by interventional radiologists to percutaneously create fistulas in ...
An anastomosis connecting an artery to a vein is also used to create an arteriovenous fistula as an access for hemodialysis. ... biliary tract and pancreas to small bowel). Bypass operations on the GI tract, once rarely performed, are the cornerstone of ...
... including aorto-enteric fistulae. Fistulae are usually secondary to prior vascular surgery and usually occur at the proximal ... Hematobilia, or bleeding from the biliary tree Hemosuccus pancreaticus, or bleeding from the pancreatic duct Severe superior ...
Once a fistula has formed, a stone may travel from the gallbladder into the bowel and become lodged almost anywhere along the ... Classic radiographic findings are known as Rigler's triad: pneumobilia (air within the biliary tree) evidence of small bowel ... Such a gallstone enters the bowel via a cholecysto-enteric fistula. The presence of large stones, >2.5 cm in diameter, within ... Rarely, gallstone ileus may recur if the underlying fistula is not treated. First described by Thomas Bartholin in 1654, the ...
Biliary dyskinesia is a disease with the abnormal release of bile from the gallbladder leading to chronic biliary colic. ... Postcholecystectomy syndrome (cholesterosis, hydrops, perforation, fistula) Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis is a rare form of ... This pain is described as biliary colic pain. Other common symptoms with gallbladder disease and biliary colic are nausea and ... mechanical obstruction of the biliary tract is the major factor leading to bacterial degradation and precipitation of biliary ...
888-894 Diseases of the hepatobiliary system affect the biliary tract (also known as the biliary tree), which secretes bile in ... Pain on passing stool may result from anal abscesses, small inflamed nodules, anal fissures, and anal fistulas.: 915-916 Rectal ... Inflammation of the biliary duct is called cholangitis, which may be associated with autoimmune disease, such as primary ... and primary biliary cirrhosis.: 959-963, 971 Acute liver disease rarely results in pain, but may result in jaundice. Infectious ...
Pancreatic leak or pancreatic fistula, defined as fluid drained after postoperative day 3 that has an amylase content greater ... During the surgery, a new biliary connection (normally a choledochal-jejunal anastamosis connecting the common bile duct and ... is an indication for the Whipple procedure when the cancer is present in the distal biliary system, usually the common bile ... "Postoperative pancreatic fistula: an international study group (ISGPF) definition". Surgery. 138 (1): 8-13. doi:10.1016/j.surg. ...
... intestinal fistula MeSH C06.405.469.471.600 - rectal fistula MeSH C06.405.469.471.600.650 - rectovaginal fistula MeSH C06.405. ... biliary MeSH C06.552.241.390 - fatty liver, alcoholic MeSH C06.552.241.649 - reye syndrome MeSH C06.552.308.500 - liver failure ... tracheoesophageal fistula MeSH C06.267.550.600 - rectal fistula MeSH C06.267.550.600.650 - rectovaginal fistula MeSH C06.301. ... rectal fistula MeSH C06.405.469.860.752.650 - rectovaginal fistula MeSH C06.405.469.860.800 - rectal prolapse MeSH C06.405. ...
Adrenal insufficiency Aneurysm Anomalous thoracic duct Aortic dissection Aortic-enteral fistula Aseptic meningitis (Mollaret's ... Polymer fume fever Post-cardiac injury syndrome Postmyocardial infarction syndrome Primary biliary cirrhosis Primary ...
Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) Benign intrahepatic cholestasis (BIC) Biliary Atresia ... Matthews, SA (1922). "Ammonia, a causative factor in meat poisoning in Eck fistula dos". Am J Physiol. 59: 459-460. Awad, SS; ... biliary) Recurrence of primary disease Goals of MARS Therapy Recovery and prevention of re-transplantation • Prolong survival ... a procedure for prolonged relief of intractable pruritus in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis". The American Journal of ...
... congenital auricular fistula, congenital preauricular fistula, preauricular cyst) Rapidly involuting congenital hemangioma ( ... Adult blaschkitis Aquadynia Aquagenic pruritus Biliary pruritus Cholestatic pruritus Drug-induced pruritus Hydroxyethyl starch- ... Arteriovenous fistula Benign neonatal hemangiomatosis Branchial cyst (branchial cleft cyst) Bronchogenic cyst Capillary ... xanthomatous biliary cirrhosis) Ochronosis Osteoma cutis Palmar xanthoma Phenylketonuria Phytosterolemia (sitosterolemia) ...
He helped establish the biliary atresia program at CHOP when Japanese surgeon Morio Kasai came to work with him in the 1970s. ... having been denied surgical treatment to correct his esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula. Baby Doe, as he would be ... was diagnosed with Down syndrome as well as esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula. Six days later, after court ...
Of all people with stones, 1-4% have biliary colic each year. If untreated, about 20% of people with biliary colic develop ... Complications include the following: Gangrene Gallbladder rupture Empyema Fistula formation and gallstone ileus Rokitansky- ... However, when a gallstone temporarily lodges in the cystic duct, they experience biliary colic. Biliary colic is abdominal pain ... Often gallbladder attacks (biliary colic) precede acute cholecystitis. The pain lasts longer in cholecystitis than in a typical ...
Biliary SEMS are used to palliatively treat tumours of the pancreas or bile duct that obstruct the common bile duct. They are ... Nelson D, Silvis S, Ansel H (1994). "Management of a tracheoesophageal fistula with a silicone-covered self-expanding metal ... SEMS are used to treat additional complications of cancer, such as tracheoesophageal fistulas from esophageal cancer, and ... Kauffmann G, Roeren T, Friedl P, Brambs H, Richter G (1990). "Interventional radiological treatment of malignant biliary ...
Bronchial fistulae are abnormal, and very dangerous, passageways that develop between the bronchus and the membranes that line ... ISBN 978-0-9749358-6-7. Steichen, Félicien M. and Ruth A. Wolsch, Mechanical Sutures in Operations on the Stomach, Biliary Tree ... the BCH team showed a significant reduction in life-threatening complication of bronchial fistula, from 14% using manual ... "What is a Bronchopleural Fistula?" April 30, 2014. http://lungcancer.about.com/od/treatmentoflungcancer/g/bronchopleuralfistula ...
So Iammarino turned first to an expert which diagnosed an obstruction of the biliary tract and suggested him to go to senator ... He dealt with vascular surgery and thoracoplasty of thoracic fistulas. In the more strictly technical field, D'Antona is ... D'Antona diagnosed an occlusion of the biliary tract due to stones or a neoplasm and had to perform a laparotomy, necessary to ...
Biliary atresia is a congenital defect where the common bile duct, which connects the small intestine to the liver, is ... tracheo-esophageal fistula, and respiratory tract anomalies. Esophageal atresia is a congenital defect of the digestive system ...
... arterio-arterial fistula MeSH C16.131.240.150 - arteriovenous malformations MeSH C16.131.240.150.125 - arteriovenous fistula ... biliary atresia MeSH C16.131.314.184 - choledochal cyst MeSH C16.131.314.184.500 - Caroli disease MeSH C16.131.314.244 - ...
Fabian TC, Bee TK (2004). "Liver and biliary trauma". In Moore EJ, Feliciano DV, Mattox KL (eds.). Trauma. New York: McGraw- ... and the formation of a fistula. Bowel perforation requires surgery. Ten percent of people with polytrauma who had no signs of ...
... in the treatment of biliary bronchial fistula (BBF). Methods:. Eight patients with BBF that without biliary obstruction ... Efficacy of selective bronchial occlusion in the treatment of biliary bronchial fistula].. Zhao, B; Huang, R C; Wang, Q; Dong, ... After 2-6 times of bronchial silicone plug (5 cases), fistula were successfully blocked in 3 cases, and the frequency and ... and 1 case developed a new fistula. Autologous blood and thrombin were used as sealing materials in 2 patients, and both failed ...
Pancreatic, biliary, or intestinal fistulas. * Ureterosigmoidostomy. * Cholestyramine. Renal HCO3- loss may be caused by type 2 ...
Closure of other biliary fistula. 51.94 Revision of anastomosis of biliary tract ... Local excision or destruction of lesion or tissue of biliary ducts and sphincter of Oddi ... Endoscopic Excision Or Destruction Of Lesion Of Biliary Ducts Or Sphincter Of Oddi ...
"Treatment of TIPS/biliary fistula-related endotipsitis with a covered stent." J Vasc Interv Radiol 19, no. 6 (June 2008): 937- ... "Interventional biliary techniques." In Contemporary Surgical Management of Liver, Biliary Tract, and Pancreatic Disease, 363-68 ... 2. Thrombectomy device for dialysis fistulae and veins. 3. Improving diagnostic yield for difficult biliary duct biopsies. 4. ... "Embolization of liver tumors." In Contemporary Surgical Management of Liver, Biliary Tract, and Pancreatic Disease, 191-98, ...
... biliary fistula, sprue, ulcerative colitis, celiac disease, intestinal resection, cystic fibrosis of the pancreas, and regional ... biliary fistula, sprue, ulcerative colitis, celiac disease, intestinal resection, cystic fibrosis of the pancrease, and ...
... ureter occlusion for vesicovaginal fistulae, intraperitoneal bile leak and sclerosis of biliary cutaneous fistulas. ... traumatic arteriovenous fistula, popliteal arteriovenous fistula and aortic-caval fistula. ... Bronchopulmonary fistulae are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Endobronchial closure using the AVP was recently ... They can be divided into congenital malformations and acquired fistulae. The vessels are often large and have high velocities ...
Biliary-enteric Fistula, A Rare Complication of Peptic Ulcer Disease in Children. Peng, C. H., Wei, C. H. & Yeung, C. Y., Mar 1 ... Choledochoduodenal fistula caused by cholangiocarcinoma of the distal common bile duct. Lin, C. T., Hsu, K. F., Yu, J. C., Chu ...
Biloma and biliary fistula following hepatorraphy for liver trauma: Incidence, natural history, and management. Howdieshell, T ... Biliary Glutathione and Some Amino Acids Are Markedly Diminished When Biliary Pressure Is Elevated. Moslen, M. T., Kanz, M. F. ... Biliary disease in the elderly patient. Affronti, J., 1999, In: Clinics in Geriatric Medicine. 15, 3, p. 571-578 8 p.. Research ... Biliary lithotripsy can be enhanced with proper ultrasound probe position.. Affronti, J. P., Flournoy, T., Akers, S. & Baillie ...
Biliary Fistula - Preferred Concept UI. M0002489. Scope note. Abnormal passage in any organ of the biliary tract or between ... coord IM with specific precoord biliary tract/dis heading (IM); fistula policy: Manual 23.19+. ... Abnormal passage in any organ of the biliary tract or between biliary organs and other organs.. ... biliary organs and other organs. Preferred term. Biliary Fistula Entry term(s). Biliary Fistulas Fistula, Biliary Fistulas, ...
Complications: Pseudocyst, biliary ductal obstruction, fistula, pseudoaneurysms, pancreatic cancer Share this:. *Twitter ...
... biliary atresia (751.61), or small intestinal atresia (751.1).. ¶¶¶ Renal agenesis/hypoplasia (753.0), bladder exstrophy (753.5 ... esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula (750.3); rectal and large intestinal atresia/stenosis (751.2); pyloric stenosis ( ... 750.5 among all ages; 537.0 among infants aged ,1 year); Hirschsprung disease (751.3); biliary atresia (751.61); small ...
A total of 24 patients presented with ongoing biliary fistula. The Strasberg-Bismuth type of injury included types E1 in 8 (13 ... The standard surgical management done for major biliary injuries is Roux-en-Y Hepaticojejunostomy (R-en-Y HJ). Materials and ... Management of major postcholecystectomy biliary injuries: An analysis of surgical results in 62 patients ... Methods: Patients managed surgically for definitive management of biliary injuries in the form of R-en-Y HJ were included. Data ...
Biliary Fistula. *Biliary Tract Diseases. *Biliary Tract Neoplasms. *Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous. *Cholecystitis. *Colonic Polyps ...
... presented postoperative complications and the most common were biliary fistula (13.3%) and surgical site infection (7.0%). ... Complications associated with IHL include acute cholangitis, liver atrophy, secondary biliary cirrhosis, and risk for ... and biliary stenosis in 18 patients (14.1%). The most common procedure performed was left lateral sectionectomy in 63 (49.6%) ... biliary cirrhosis, incidence of cholangiocarcinoma, treatment and postoperative course were evaluated. RESULTS: 52 patients ( ...
Esophageal Fistula. *Esophageal Varices. *Fracture. *Gallbladder and Biliary Tract Cancer. *Gallbladder Cancer ...
Surgery for biliary stricture. •Fistula plug surgery. •Stapler haemorrhoidectomy. •Dedicated Gastro OT with latest 3 chip HD ... the department provides quality treatment for complicated and uncomplicated gastrointestinal and biliary disorders.. Highlights ...
biliary fistula 回虫症 ascaris lumbricoides 化学性胆嚢炎 chemical cholecystitis 化膿性胆管炎 pyogenic cholangitis オリエンタル胆管炎、再燃性胆管炎 oriental ... 9] In our case, cholecystitis with obstructed biliary system due to choledocolithiasis seems to be the most probable etiology ... comprehensive investigation did not disclose any inflammatory/infectious condition (local or systemic) or biliary tract ... Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery. 14 (1): 15-26. doi : 10.1007/s00534-006-1152-y. ISSN 0944-1166. PMC
The most common complications after surgery are pancreatic fistula, pancreatitis, steatorrhea, wound infection, biliary fistula ...
Hone and expand your surgical skills by watching videos of minimally invasive procedures for recto urethral fistula, biliary ... Chapter 43: Biliary Atresia. Chapter 44: Choledochal Cyst and Gallbladder Disease. Chapter 45: Solid Organ Transplantation in ... Chapter 27: Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula Malformations. Chapter 28: Gastroesophageal Reflux. Chapter 29: ...
Separately, studies are given on the diagnosis of diseases of the bile ducts with altered biliary anatomy, biliary fistulas ... member of the International Society of Surgeons and the International Association of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery. ...
S605.4 Itching S610.0 Symptoms of liver, gallbladder, and biliary tract S610.1 Pain S610.2 Jaundice Includes: Yellow eyes ... Fistula--rectal, anal Fissure--rectal, anal Excludes: Intestinal virus (S540.0) D670.0 Diseases of liver, gallbladder, and ... Rectal-vaginal fistula Prolapse of uterus Dysfunctional uterine bleeding Vulvitis Polycystic ovaries Cystocele D730.0 Other ... pancreas Includes: Biliary colic Cirrhosis Liver diseases Cholelithiasis (gallstones) Cholecystitis Pancreatitis D675.0 Other ...
... and biliary tract 1610.1 Pain 1610.2 Jaundice Includes: Yellow eyes Yellow skin 1615.0 Other symptoms referable to digestive ... Fistula - rectal, anal Fissure - rectal, anal Excludes: Intestinal virus (1540.0) 2670.0 Diseases of the liver, gallbladder, ... Rectal-vaginal fistula Prolapse of uterus Dysfunctional uterine bleeding Vulvitis Polycystic ovaries Cystocele Rectocele 2735.0 ... and pancreas Includes: Biliary colic Cirrhosis Liver diseases Cholelithiasis (gallstones) Cholecystitis Pancreatitis 2675.0 ...
The impact of an enterocutaneous fistula on a patient varies from a minor inconvenience to fatal malnutrition and dehydration. ... Depending on the cause and output of the fistula and the comorbidity… ... Introduction Enterocutaneous fistulas, defined as an abnormal communication between the small bowel and skin, are among the ... In addition, a decrease in gastric acid secretion may inadvertently result in an indirect decline in pancreatic biliary ...
A Case of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm of the Pancreas with Pancreatoduodenal Fistula Diagnosed by Pancreatoscopy ... The Korean Journal of Pancreas and Biliary Tract Search. > Browse Articles > Search. ... Korean J Pancreas Biliary Tract. 2023;28(2):27-31. Published online April 30, 2023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15279/kpba.2023.28. ... Korean J Pancreas Biliary Tract. 2018;23(2):54-59. Published online April 30, 2018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15279/kpba.2018.23. ...
However, gallbladders that are not connected to the biliary system will not fill with contrast, as in our case. Since MRI is ... cholecystocolic fistula, torsion, papilloma and carcinoma.10 Surgery would be indicated in conjunction with the primary ... The use of iv contrast with biliary excretion, such as gadolinium-EOB-DTPA, provides anatomical and functional information, ... it must be removed to avoid possible complications and recurrence of biliary colic. The current trend in type 1 and 3 accessory ...
... take second opinion at Max Healthcare best Liver Transplant and Biliary Sciences hospital. ... Book online appointment with the best Liver Transplant and Biliary Sciences doctor- Dr. Sanjiv Saigal for today, tomorrow or ... Liver Transplant and Biliary Sciences, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endoscopy Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket. Max ... Cancer Care / Oncology Cardiac Sciences Neuro Sciences Liver Transplant And Biliary Sciences Orthopaedics Nephrology Kidney ...
Patients with metastases to the gallbladder from the breast classically present with biliary symptoms and commonly undergo a ... The indications for surgical intervention for melanoma are metastatic disease discrete to the gallbladder and biliary symptoms ... followed by biliary obstruction leading to cholangitis. Fistula formation and hematobilia might also occur [11], similar to ... A 32 year-old woman had a melanoma excised from her shoulder and a year later she began having symptoms of biliary colic. She ...
  • Enterocutaneous fistulas, defined as an abnormal communication between the small bowel and skin, are among the most daunting problems for an intestinal surgeon. (abdominalkey.com)
  • The impact of an enterocutaneous fistula on a patient varies from a minor inconvenience to fatal malnutrition and dehydration. (abdominalkey.com)
  • Eight patients with BBF that without biliary obstruction admitted to the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2021 were included in this study. (bvsalud.org)
  • Patients who develop a gastrointestinal vaginal fistula may also have a bowel obstruction and require surgical intervention, as well as a diverting ostomy. (pfizermedicalinformation.com)
  • Iatrogenic fistulas that occur where the bowel is healthy may well heal with time as long as no distal obstruction and no associated abscess cavity or foreign body are present and the bowel has not matured itself to the skin, as in a stoma. (abdominalkey.com)
  • Hone and expand your surgical skills by watching videos of minimally invasive procedures for recto urethral fistula, biliary atresia, laparoscopic splenectomy, uterine horn, and more. (pickpdfs.com)
  • Necrotizing fasciitis including fatal cases, has been reported in patients receiving bevacizumab usually secondary to wound healing complications, gastrointestinal perforation or fistula formation. (pfizermedicalinformation.com)
  • Perforation can be complicated by intra-abdominal abscess, fistula formation, and the need for diverting ostomies. (pfizermedicalinformation.com)
  • Surgical management of biliary injuries achieve controlled drainage of biliary fistula during the conditions, gender, type of biliary injury (E4E1), and early period and to timely treat the biliary stricture and associated vascular injury. (who.int)
  • The standard surgical management done for major biliary injuries is Roux-en-Y Hepaticojejunostomy (R-en-Y HJ). (bvsalud.org)
  • Separately, studies are given on the diagnosis of diseases of the bile ducts with altered biliary anatomy, biliary fistulas after surgical interventions. (spr-journal.ru)
  • Abnormal passage in any organ of the biliary tract or between biliary organs and other organs. (bvsalud.org)
  • Korean J Pancreas Biliary Tract. (kjpbt.org)
  • 3. Improving diagnostic yield for difficult biliary duct biopsies. (duke.edu)
  • Patients who undergo liver resection with biliary duct reconstructon. (who.int)
  • Liver function tests and ultrasound of major postcholecystectomy biliary injuries managed of the abdomen were done at each visit. (who.int)
  • After 2-6 times of bronchial silicone plug (5 cases), fistula were successfully blocked in 3 cases, and the frequency and volume of bile -like sputum decreased by 50% or more in 2 cases. (bvsalud.org)
  • Headed by a dedicated team of expert doctors and backed by sophisticated equipments and well trained staff, the department provides quality treatment for complicated and uncomplicated gastrointestinal and biliary disorders. (pvshospital.com)
  • Discontinue in patients who develop gastrointestinal perforation, tracheoesophageal fistula or any Grade 4 fistula. (pfizermedicalinformation.com)
  • However, this chapter deals primarily with fistulas relating to the small bowel. (abdominalkey.com)
  • High-output fistulas: An output of more than 500 mL per 24 hours normally indicates a fistula in the proximal small bowel. (abdominalkey.com)
  • Moderate-output fistulas: An output of 200 to 500 mL per 24 hours indicates that the fistula is likely to be more distal in the small bowel. (abdominalkey.com)
  • Low-output fistulas: An output of less than 200 mL per 24 hours suggests that most of the stool is passing through the small bowel normally and the fistula is diverting a small fraction of it. (abdominalkey.com)
  • Abstract for major biliary injuries is RouxenY Hepaticojejunostomy (RenY HJ). (who.int)
  • Among the 6 patients who used bronchial silicone plug as plugging material in the first SBO treatment , 1 case was successfully plugged, 2 cases did not achieve symptoms relief after plugging, 2 cases coughed up the plugging device immediately after surgery , and 1 case developed a new fistula . (bvsalud.org)
  • Patients managed surgically for definitive management of biliary injuries in the form of RenY HJ were included. (who.int)
  • A total of 24 patients presented with ongoing biliary fistula. (who.int)
  • Materials and Methods: Patients managed surgically for definitive management of biliary injuries in the form of R-en-Y HJ were included. (bvsalud.org)
  • Serious fistulae (including, tracheoesophageal, bronchopleural, biliary, vaginal, renal and bladder sites) occurred at a higher incidence in patients receiving bevacizumab products compared to patients receiving chemotherapy. (pfizermedicalinformation.com)
  • In the 15% to 20% of fistulas that are not iatrogenic, disease results from a perforation of the bowel with surrounding inflammation that quarantines the leak and prevents peritoneal contamination with fecal peritonitis. (abdominalkey.com)
  • Because of the nature of enterocutaneous fistulas (especially those occurring after surgery), it is proper to allow 4 to 5 months (if possible) between surgeries that are designed to fix the fistula. (abdominalkey.com)
  • Management of these injuries the timing of repair of biliary fistula also need to be requires expertise and involves a patient who is addressed with some recent studies showing equivalent troubled as well as drained of personal resources. (who.int)
  • The care and repair of enterocutaneous fistulas require meticulous attention to detail. (abdominalkey.com)
  • Colocutaneous fistulas are a different proposition with different, usually less major challenges. (abdominalkey.com)
  • Efficacy of selective bronchial occlusion in the treatment of biliary bronchial fistula]. (bvsalud.org)
  • To analyze the effect of selective bronchial occlusion (SBO) in the treatment of biliary bronchial fistula (BBF). (bvsalud.org)
  • Instead, an abscess is usually present that, when drained, results in a fistula or erodes through tissues as it works its way to the surface and drains spontaneously. (abdominalkey.com)
  • It is tempting to perform a second operation immediately to fix a postoperative fistula and make the patient normal, but this temptation should be resisted. (abdominalkey.com)
  • Creation of an artificial external opening or fistula in the intestines. (bvsalud.org)
  • Management of External Biliary Fistula? (medscape.com)
  • On the second day after the packing was removed an external biliary fistula was noted, producing about 200 cc/day. (medscape.com)
  • Spontaneous external biliary fistula uncomplicated by gallstones. (medscape.com)
  • Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic: Spontaneous cholecystocutaneous fistula. (medscape.com)
  • Waheed A, Mathew G, Tuma F. Cholecystocutaneous Fistula . (medscape.com)
  • Spontaneous cholecystocutaneous fistula as a primary manifestation of gallbladder adenocarcinoma associated with gallbladder lithiasis - case report. (medscape.com)
  • Spontaneous cholecystocutaneous fistula presenting with a cellulitis and portal vein thrombosis. (medscape.com)
  • Vasanth A, Siddiqui A, O'Donnell K. Spontaneous cholecystocutaneous fistula. (medscape.com)
  • Spontaneous external biliary fistulas. (medscape.com)
  • Sodhi K, Athar M, Kumar V, Sharma ID, Husain N. Spontaneous cholecysto-cutaneous fistula complicating carcinoma of the gall bladder: a case report. (medscape.com)
  • 1. [Spontaneous biliodigestive fistulae. (nih.gov)
  • 16. [Spontaneous cholecysto-gastric fistula with massive gastrointestinal bleeding. (nih.gov)
  • The patient developed a biliary fistula that was managed conservatively with long-term drainage (the abdominal drain was left in place for 4 weeks) and octreotide. (medscape.com)
  • Biliary-cutaneous fistula: an uncommon complication of retained gallstones following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. (medscape.com)
  • 19. Bilo-enteric fistula (BEF) at laparoscopic cholecystectomy: review of ten year's experience. (nih.gov)
  • Association Between Biliary Pathogens, Surgical Site Infection, and Pancreatic Fistula: Results of a Randomized Trial of Perioperative Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Patients Undergoing Pancreatoduodenectomy. (bvsalud.org)
  • Patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy experience high rates of surgical site infection (SSI) and clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR-POPF). (bvsalud.org)
  • Weiler H, Grandel A. Postoperative fistula of the abdominal wall after laparascopic cholecystectomy due to lost gallstones. (medscape.com)
  • Gallstone ileus, a rather rare complication of a rather common pathology, biliary lithiasis, is found in 0.000015% of hospitalized patients but in 0.0003% of surgical patients. (nih.gov)
  • Iatrogenic fistulas, due to surgery or instrumental exploration, are not included in this definition. (nih.gov)
  • Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography can also be useful in localizing biliary leaks, and it has the additional advantage of providing the opportunity to place an endoluminal stent across the papilla of Vater. (medscape.com)
  • 3. [Biliary ileus: review of the literature and presentation of 7 cases]. (nih.gov)
  • 5. [Biliary ileus: a review of the literature and report of a clinical case treated by minilaparotomy]. (nih.gov)
  • 13. [Choledocho-duodenal fistula due to perforating duodenal ulcer disease. (nih.gov)
  • Shrestha BM, Wyman A. Cholecystocolocutaneous fistula: a case report. (medscape.com)
  • The most common type of SBEF is cholecystoduodenal fistula and the least common is choledochoduodenal fistula. (nih.gov)