Bile. Medical search

An emulsifying agent produced in the LIVER and secreted into the DUODENUM. Its composition includes BILE ACIDS AND SALTS; CHOLESTEROL; and ELECTROLYTES. It aids DIGESTION of fats in the duodenum.

Steroid acids and salts. The primary bile acids are derived from cholesterol in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. The secondary bile acids are further modified by bacteria in the intestine. They play an important role in the digestion and absorption of fat. They have also been used pharmacologically, especially in the treatment of gallstones.

The channels that collect and transport the bile secretion from the BILE CANALICULI, the smallest branch of the BILIARY TRACT in the LIVER, through the bile ductules, the bile ducts out the liver, and to the GALLBLADDER for storage.

The largest bile duct. It is formed by the junction of the CYSTIC DUCT and the COMMON HEPATIC DUCT.

Minute intercellular channels that occur between liver cells and carry bile towards interlobar bile ducts. Also called bile capillaries.

Linear TETRAPYRROLES that give a characteristic color to BILE including: BILIRUBIN; BILIVERDIN; and bilicyanin.

Diseases in any part of the ductal system of the BILIARY TRACT from the smallest BILE CANALICULI to the largest COMMON BILE DUCT.

Passages within the liver for the conveyance of bile. Includes right and left hepatic ducts even though these may join outside the liver to form the common hepatic duct.

Tumors or cancer of the BILE DUCTS.

Passages external to the liver for the conveyance of bile. These include the COMMON BILE DUCT and the common hepatic duct (HEPATIC DUCT, COMMON).

Retrograde bile flow. Reflux of bile can be from the duodenum to the stomach (DUODENOGASTRIC REFLUX); to the esophagus (GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX); or to the PANCREAS.

The product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.

A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones.

The 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholanic acid family of bile acids in man, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. They act as detergents to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, are reabsorbed by the small intestine, and are used as cholagogues and choleretics.

A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.

A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.

A storage reservoir for BILE secretion. Gallbladder allows the delivery of bile acids at a high concentration and in a controlled manner, via the CYSTIC DUCT to the DUODENUM, for degradation of dietary lipid.

Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS).

Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, usually in the gallbladder (CHOLECYSTOLITHIASIS) or the common bile duct (CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS).

A bile acid formed from chenodeoxycholate by bacterial action, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as cholagogue and choleretic.

An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.

The glycine conjugate of CHOLIC ACID. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

Diseases of the COMMON BILE DUCT including the AMPULLA OF VATER and the SPHINCTER OF ODDI.

Recycling through liver by excretion in bile, reabsorption from intestines (INTESTINAL REABSORPTION) into portal circulation, passage back into liver, and re-excretion in bile.

A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic, also industrially as a fat emulsifier.

A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of chenodeoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as detergent to solubilize fats in the small intestine and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.

The BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.

A membrane-bound cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the 7-alpha-hydroxylation of CHOLESTEROL in the presence of molecular oxygen and NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE. This enzyme, encoded by CYP7, converts cholesterol to 7-alpha-hydroxycholesterol which is the first and rate-limiting step in the synthesis of BILE ACIDS.

A subclass of ORGANIC ANION TRANSPORTERS whose transport of organic anions is driven either directly or indirectly by a gradient of sodium ions.

Solid crystalline precipitates in the BILIARY TRACT, usually formed in the GALLBLADDER, resulting in the condition of CHOLELITHIASIS. Gallstones, derived from the BILE, consist mainly of calcium, cholesterol, or bilirubin.

The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils.

Abnormal passage in any organ of the biliary tract or between biliary organs and other organs.

Gastrointestinal agents that stimulate the flow of bile into the duodenum (cholagogues) or stimulate the production of bile by the liver (choleretic).

A benign tumor of the intrahepatic bile ducts.

Surgical removal of the GALLBLADDER.

Impairment of bile flow in the large BILE DUCTS by mechanical obstruction or stricture due to benign or malignant processes.

An imaging test of the BILIARY TRACT in which a contrast dye (RADIOPAQUE MEDIA) is injected into the BILE DUCT and x-ray pictures are taken.

Tumor or cancer of the COMMON BILE DUCT including the AMPULLA OF VATER and the SPHINCTER OF ODDI.

A bile pigment that is a degradation product of HEME.

Fiberoptic endoscopy designed for duodenal observation and cannulation of VATER'S AMPULLA, in order to visualize the pancreatic and biliary duct system by retrograde injection of contrast media. Endoscopic (Vater) papillotomy (SPHINCTEROTOMY, ENDOSCOPIC) may be performed during this procedure.

Cholestanes substituted in any position with one or more hydroxy groups. They are found in feces and bile. In contrast to bile acids and salts, they are not reabsorbed.

Diseases in any part of the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.

A strongly basic anion exchange resin whose main constituent is polystyrene trimethylbenzylammonium Cl(-) anion.

Impairment of bile flow due to injury to the HEPATOCYTES; BILE CANALICULI; or the intrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC).

Enzymes of the oxidoreductase class that catalyze the dehydrogenation of hydroxysteroids. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 1.1.-.

A bile salt formed in the liver from chenodeoxycholate and glycine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is a cholagogue and choleretic.

A semisynthetic bile acid made from cholic acid. It is used as a cholagogue, hydrocholeretic, diuretic, and as a diagnostic aid.

Excrement from the INTESTINES, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and BACTERIA of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.

A conditionally essential nutrient, important during mammalian development. It is present in milk but is isolated mostly from ox bile and strongly conjugates bile acids.

A bile salt formed in the liver from lithocholic acid conjugation with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It solubilizes fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is a cholagogue and choleretic.

Any surgical procedure performed on the biliary tract.

Predominantly extrahepatic bile duct which is formed by the junction of the right and left hepatic ducts, which are predominantly intrahepatic, and, in turn, joins the cystic duct to form the common bile duct.

Application of a ligature to tie a vessel or strangulate a part.

The distal and narrowest portion of the SMALL INTESTINE, between the JEJUNUM and the ILEOCECAL VALVE of the LARGE INTESTINE.

Inflammation of the biliary ductal system (BILE DUCTS); intrahepatic, extrahepatic, or both.

Uptake of substances through the lining of the INTESTINES.

Excision of the gallbladder through an abdominal incision using a laparoscope.

An NAPH-dependent cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of the side chain of sterol intermediates such as the 27-hydroxylation of 5-beta-cholestane-3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-triol.

Chromatography on thin layers of adsorbents rather than in columns. The adsorbent can be alumina, silica gel, silicates, charcoals, or cellulose. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Jaundice, the condition with yellowish staining of the skin and mucous membranes, that is due to impaired BILE flow in the BILIARY TRACT, such as INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS, or EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS.

Membrane transporters that co-transport two or more dissimilar molecules in the same direction across a membrane. Usually the transport of one ion or molecule is against its electrochemical gradient and is "powered" by the movement of another ion or molecule with its electrochemical gradient.

Fractionation of a vaporized sample as a consequence of partition between a mobile gaseous phase and a stationary phase held in a column. Two types are gas-solid chromatography, where the fixed phase is a solid, and gas-liquid, in which the stationary phase is a nonvolatile liquid supported on an inert solid matrix.

Particles consisting of aggregates of molecules held loosely together by secondary bonds. The surface of micelles are usually comprised of amphiphatic compounds that are oriented in a way that minimizes the energy of interaction between the micelle and its environment. Liquids that contain large numbers of suspended micelles are referred to as EMULSIONS.

A liver microsomal cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the 12-alpha-hydroxylation of a broad spectrum of sterols in the presence of molecular oxygen and NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE. This enzyme, encoded by CYP8B1gene, converts 7-alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one to 7-alpha-12-alpha-dihydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one and is required in the synthesis of BILE ACIDS from cholesterol.

The main structural component of the LIVER. They are specialized EPITHELIAL CELLS that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules.

The shortest and widest portion of the SMALL INTESTINE adjacent to the PYLORUS of the STOMACH. It is named for having the length equal to about the width of 12 fingers.

Intracellular receptors that can be found in the cytoplasm or in the nucleus. They bind to extracellular signaling molecules that migrate through or are transported across the CELL MEMBRANE. Many members of this class of receptors occur in the cytoplasm and are transported to the CELL NUCLEUS upon ligand-binding where they signal via DNA-binding and transcription regulation. Also included in this category are receptors found on INTRACELLULAR MEMBRANES that act via mechanisms similar to CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS.

Cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases (MIXED FUNCTION OXYGENASES) that are important in steroid biosynthesis and metabolism.

Derivatives of the saturated steroid cholestane with methyl groups at C-18 and C-19 and an iso-octyl side chain at C-17.

Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the COMMON BILE DUCT.

Derivatives of GLUCURONIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that include the 6-carboxy glucose structure.

Salts and esters of CHOLIC ACID.

Incision of Oddi's sphincter or Vater's ampulla performed by inserting a sphincterotome through an endoscope (DUODENOSCOPE) often following retrograde cholangiography (CHOLANGIOPANCREATOGRAPHY, ENDOSCOPIC RETROGRADE). Endoscopic treatment by sphincterotomy is the preferred method of treatment for patients with retained or recurrent bile duct stones post-cholecystectomy, and for poor-surgical-risk patients that have the gallbladder still present.

A malignant tumor arising from the epithelium of the BILE DUCTS.

A phenolphthalein that is used as a diagnostic aid in hepatic function determination.

A microanalytical technique combining mass spectrometry and gas chromatography for the qualitative as well as quantitative determinations of compounds.

Steroids with a hydroxyl group at C-3 and most of the skeleton of cholestane. Additional carbon atoms may be present in the side chain. (IUPAC Steroid Nomenclature, 1987)

Lipids containing one or more phosphate groups, particularly those derived from either glycerol (phosphoglycerides see GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS) or sphingosine (SPHINGOLIPIDS). They are polar lipids that are of great importance for the structure and function of cell membranes and are the most abundant of membrane lipids, although not stored in large amounts in the system.

The section of the alimentary canal from the STOMACH to the ANAL CANAL. It includes the LARGE INTESTINE and SMALL INTESTINE.

Pathological processes of the LIVER.

The removal of fluids or discharges from the body, such as from a wound, sore, or cavity.

A condition marked by the development of widespread xanthomas, yellow tumor-like structures filled with lipid deposits. Xanthomas can be found in a variety of tissues including the SKIN; TENDONS; joints of KNEES and ELBOWS. Xanthomatosis is associated with disturbance of LIPID METABOLISM and formation of FOAM CELLS.

The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.

FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to obstruction of BILE flow (CHOLESTASIS) in the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC; BILE DUCTS, EXTRAHEPATIC). Primary biliary cirrhosis involves the destruction of small intra-hepatic bile ducts and bile secretion. Secondary biliary cirrhosis is produced by prolonged obstruction of large intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts from a variety of causes.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.

A clinical manifestation of HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA, characterized by the yellowish staining of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA. Clinical jaundice usually is a sign of LIVER dysfunction.

A dilation of the duodenal papilla that is the opening of the juncture of the COMMON BILE DUCT and the MAIN PANCREATIC DUCT, also known as the hepatopancreatic ampulla.

The sphincter of the hepatopancreatic ampulla within the duodenal papilla. The COMMON BILE DUCT and main pancreatic duct pass through this sphincter.

Progressive destruction or the absence of all or part of the extrahepatic BILE DUCTS, resulting in the complete obstruction of BILE flow. Usually, biliary atresia is found in infants and accounts for one third of the neonatal cholestatic JAUNDICE.

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

The middle portion of the SMALL INTESTINE, between DUODENUM and ILEUM. It represents about 2/5 of the remaining portion of the small intestine below duodenum.

A tool for the study of liver damage which causes bile stasis and hyperbilirubinemia acutely and bile duct hyperplasia and biliary cirrhosis chronically, with changes in hepatocyte function. It may cause skin and kidney damage.

A genus of gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria found in cavities of man and animals, animal and plant products, infections of soft tissue, and soil. Some species may be pathogenic. No endospores are produced. The genus Eubacterium should not be confused with EUBACTERIA, one of the three domains of life.

Cholesterol present in food, especially in animal products.

A family of MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEINS that require ATP hydrolysis for the transport of substrates across membranes. The protein family derives its name from the ATP-binding domain found on the protein.

A cholesterol derivative found in human feces, gallstones, eggs, and other biological matter.

CHOLESTENES with one or more double bonds and substituted by any number of keto groups.

Sulphated and unsulphated bile acids in serum, bile, and urine of patients with cholestasis. (1/2758)

Samples of serum, bile, and urine were collected simultaneously from patients with cholestasis of varying aetiology and from patients with cirrhosis; their bile acid composition was determined by gas/liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. In cholestasis, the patterns in all three body fluids differed consistently and strikingly. In serum, cholic acid was the major bile acid and most bile acids (greater than 93%) were unsulphated, whereas, in urine, chenodeoxycholic was the major bile acid, and the majority of bile acids (greater than 60%) were sulphated. Secondary bile acids were virtually absent in bile, serum, and urine. The total amount of bile acids excreted for 24 hours correlated highly with the concentration of serum bile acids; in patients with complete obstruction, urinary excretion averaged 71-6 mg/24 h. In cirrhotic patients, serum bile acids were less raised, and chenodeoxycholic acid was the predominant acid. In healthy controls, serum bile acids were consistently richer in chenodeoxycholic acid than biliary bile acids, and no bile acids were present in urine. No unusual monohydroxy bile acids were present in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, but, in several patients, there was a considerable amount of hyocholic acid present in the urinary bile acids. The analyses of individual bile acids in serum and urine did not appear to provide helpful information in the differential diagnosis of cholestasis. Thus, in cholestasis, conjugation of chenodeoxycholic acid with sulphate becomes a major biochemical pathway, urine becomes a major route of bile acid excretion, and abnormal bile acids are formed. (+info)

Analysis of the effects of food and of digestive secretions on the small intestine of the rat. 1. Mucosal morphology and epithelial replacement. (2/2758)

A modified Roux-en-Y repositioning of rat small intestine was performed so that the proximal segment of bowel (A) received only bile and pancreastic secretions, the second (B) received food direct from the stomach, and these two segments drained into a third (C). Four to five weeks after operation, cell production was assessed by injection of vincristine into operated, sham-operated and unoperated rats, and counts of blocked metaphases were made on isolated microdissected crypts. Villus height, crypt depth, and the number of crypts per villus (crypt/villus ratio) were also measured. Most of segment A showed no significant differences from sham-operated intestine, although the normal proximo-distal gradient of villus height was abolished. At the distal end (near the anastomosis with segments B and C), crypt depth and cell production were increased. The villus height gradient in segment B was also abolished, although crypt depth and cell production were significantly increased, especially at the proximal end. Crypt/villus ratio was also increased. Segment C showed all the characteristics of small bowel promoted to a more proximal position: increased villus height, crypt depth and cell production. Increased crypt/villus ratio was also observed. These results are discussed in terms of the role of food and of digestive secretions in the control of mucosal morphology and epithelial replacement. (+info)

Progesterone alters biliary flow dynamics. (3/2758)

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that progesterone alters sphincter of Oddi and gallbladder function and, therefore, bile flow dynamics. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Although the effects of progesterone on the biliary tract have been implicated in the increased incidence of gallstones among women, the specific effects of prolonged elevation of progesterone levels, such as occurs with contraceptive progesterone implants and during pregnancy, on the sphincter of Oddi and biliary flow dynamics are still incompletely understood. METHODS: Adult female prairie dogs were randomly assigned to receive subcutaneous implants containing either progesterone or inactive pellet matrix only. Hepatic bile partitioning and gallbladder emptying were determined 14 days later using 99mTc-Mebrofenin cholescintigraphy. RESULTS: Significantly less hepatic bile partitioned into the gallbladder in progesterone-treated than in control animals. The gallbladder ejection fraction was significantly reduced from 73+/-6% in controls to 59+/-3% in the progesterone-treated animals. The rate of gallbladder emptying was significantly reduced from 3.6+/-0.3%/minute to 2.9+/-0.1%/minute. CONCLUSIONS: Progesterone administered as subcutaneous implants alters partitioning of hepatic bile between gallbladder and small intestine and, therefore, gallbladder filling. Progesterone also significantly impairs gallbladder emptying in response to cholecystokinin. The effects of progesterone on the sphincter of Oddi and the gallbladder may contribute to the greater prevalence of gallstones and biliary motility disorders among women. (+info)

A new bile acid conjugate, ciliatocholic acid, from bovine gall bladder bile. (4/2758)

This study was carried out to investigate the occurrence of ciliatocholic acid in bovine gall bladder bile. Ciliatocholic acid was synthesized according to the method described by Bergstrom and Norman for the synthesis of taurocholic acid. Elemental analysis, melting point, and the infrared spectrum of this substance were determined. An isolation procedure for ciliatocholic acid was established by stepwise elution with an HCl-ethanol solvent system using a Dowex-1 anion exchange resin column chromatographic technique. Ciliatocholic acid amounting to 158 mug (as ciliatine) per 100 ml of gall bladder bile was found in the fraction eluted with 0.01 N HCl in 50% ethanol. This coumpound was purified by preparative thin-layer chromatography and confirmed to be ciliatocholic acid from the hydrolytic stability, phosphorus determination, and chromatographic behavior. Thus, bovine gall bladder bile contains a small amount of ciliatocholic acid. (+info)

An interpretation of the serum alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme patterns in patients with obstructive liver disease. (5/2758)

Earlier studies have identified two main isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase in the sera of patients with obstructive liver disease. This paper reports on a study of these isoenzymes in specific types of liver disease where the pathology in relation to bile duct obstruction is known. The results have been used to support the theory that in biliary obstruction the increase in serum alkaline phosphatase is in part due to regurgitation of the biliary isoenzymes. (+info)

Influence of renal failure on intestinal clearance of ciprofloxacin in rats. (6/2758)

Following intravenous doses, ciprofloxacin pharmacokinetics in control and nephrectomized rats were studied. There were no differences between control and nephrectomized rats for area under the concentration-time curve in plasma or biliary clearance. The intestinal clearance of ciprofloxacin was increased in nephrectomized rats. Intestinal elimination seems to compensate partially for the decrease in urinary excretion of ciprofloxacin in nephrectomized rats. (+info)

Cryoelectron microscopy of a nucleating model bile in vitreous ice: formation of primordial vesicles. (7/2758)

Because gallstones form so frequently in human bile, pathophysiologically relevant supersaturated model biles are commonly employed to study cholesterol crystal formation. We used cryo-transmission electron microscopy, complemented by polarizing light microscopy, to investigate early stages of cholesterol nucleation in model bile. In the system studied, the proposed microscopic sequence involves the evolution of small unilamellar to multilamellar vesicles to lamellar liquid crystals and finally to cholesterol crystals. Small aliquots of a concentrated (total lipid concentration = 29.2 g/dl) model bile containing 8.5% cholesterol, 22.9% egg yolk lecithin, and 68.6% taurocholate (all mole %) were vitrified at 2 min to 20 days after fourfold dilution to induce supersaturation. Mixed micelles together with a category of vesicles denoted primordial, small unilamellar vesicles of two distinct morphologies (sphere/ellipsoid and cylinder/arachoid), large unilamellar vesicles, multilamellar vesicles, and cholesterol monohydrate crystals were imaged. No evidence of aggregation/fusion of small unilamellar vesicles to form multilamellar vesicles was detected. Low numbers of multilamellar vesicles were present, some of which were sufficiently large to be identified as liquid crystals by polarizing light microscopy. Dimensions, surface areas, and volumes of spherical/ellipsoidal and cylindrical/arachoidal vesicles were quantified. Early stages in the separation of vesicles from micelles, referred to as primordial vesicles, were imaged 23-31 min after dilution. Observed structures such as enlarged micelles in primordial vesicle interiors, segments of bilayer, and faceted edges at primordial vesicle peripheries are probably early stages of small unilamellar vesicle assembly. A decrease in the mean surface area of spherical/ellipsoidal vesicles was correlated with the increased production of cholesterol crystals at 10-20 days after supersaturation by dilution, supporting the role of small unilamellar vesicles as key players in cholesterol nucleation and as cholesterol donors to crystals. This is the first visualization of an intermediate structure that has been temporally linked to the development of small unilamellar vesicles in the separation of vesicles from micelles in a model bile and suggests a time-resolved system for further investigation. (+info)

Environmental signals modulate ToxT-dependent virulence factor expression in Vibrio cholerae. (8/2758)

The regulatory protein ToxT directly activates the transcription of virulence factors in Vibrio cholerae, including cholera toxin (CT) and the toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP). Specific environmental signals stimulate virulence factor expression by inducing the transcription of toxT. We demonstrate that transcriptional activation by the ToxT protein is also modulated by environmental signals. ToxT expressed from an inducible promoter activated high-level expression of CT and TCP in V. cholerae at 30 degrees C, but expression of CT and TCP was significantly decreased or abolished by the addition of 0.4% bile to the medium and/or an increase of the temperature to 37 degrees C. Also, expression of six ToxT-dependent TnphoA fusions was modulated by temperature and bile. Measurement of ToxT-dependent transcription of genes encoding CT and TCP by ctxAp- and tcpAp-luciferase fusions confirmed that negative regulation by 37 degrees C or bile occurs at the transcriptional level in V. cholerae. Interestingly, ToxT-dependent transcription of these same promoters in Salmonella typhimurium was relatively insensitive to regulation by temperature or bile. These data are consistent with ToxT transcriptional activity being modulated by environmental signals in V. cholerae and demonstrate an additional level of complexity governing the expression of virulence factors in this pathogen. We propose that negative regulation of ToxT-dependent transcription by environmental signals prevents the incorrect temporal and spatial expression of virulence factors during cholera pathogenesis. (+info)

The pH of common duct bile (7.50 to 8.05) is higher than that of the corresponding gallbladder bile (6.80 to 7.65). Bile in the ... After eating, this stored bile is discharged into the duodenum. The composition of hepatic bile is (97-98)% water, 0.7% bile ... "yellow bile"). Excesses of black bile and yellow bile were thought to produce depression and aggression, respectively, and the ... "Secretion of Bile and the Role of Bile Acids In Digestion". www.vivo.colostate.edu. Retrieved 2016-06-05. "Secretion of Bile ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bile

... (plural:bile canaliculi; also called bile capillaries) is a thin tube that collects bile secreted by ... The bile canaliculi empty into a series of progressively larger bile ductules and ducts, which eventually become common hepatic ... The bile canaliculi empty directly into the Canals of Hering. Hepatocytes are polyhedral in shape, therefore having no set ... Microvilli are present in the canaliculi.[citation needed] Bile+Canaliculi at the US National Library of Medicine Medical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bile_canaliculus

A bile duct is any of a number of long tube-like structures that carry bile, and is present in most vertebrates. Bile is ... The path is as follows: Bile canaliculi → Canals of Hering → interlobular bile ducts → intrahepatic bile ducts → left and right ... The top half of the common bile duct is associated with the liver, while the bottom half of the common bile duct is associated ... It joins the cystic duct (carrying bile to and from the gallbladder) to form the common bile duct which then opens into the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bile_duct

The bile acid pool size is between 4-6 g, which means that bile acids are recycled several times each day. About 95% of bile ... These conjugated bile acids are often referred to as bile salts. The pKa of the unconjugated bile acids are between 5 and 6.5, ... Bile acids are conjugated with taurine or glycine residues to give anions called bile salts. Primary bile acids are those ... Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals and other vertebrates. Diverse bile acids are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bile_acid

A Bile Bean Puzzle Book was published during the early 1930s and also freely distributed. By that time advertising for Bile ... Despite the Bile Beans Manufacturing Company having lost the Scottish court case in 1906, Bile Beans remained popular through ... The product sold by Fulford and Gilbert was not the first patent medicine marketed as "Bile Beans". A different type of Bile ... In the early years Bile Beans were marketed as "Charles Forde's Bile Beans for Biliousness", and sales relied heavily on ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bile_Beans

The bile up (or boil-up) is considered the cultural dish of the Kriols of Belize. It is a combination of boiled eggs, fish and/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bile_up

As of the 2020s, Bile has the 17th fastest kilometer race of all time with a time of 2:14.50. Bile has won gold medals in the ... Abdi Bile (Somali: Cabdi Bile Cabdi, Arabic: عبد بلي عبد; born 28 December 1962) is a former middle distance runner. He holds ... Bile graduated from George Mason University with a BSc in marketing management. At George Mason, Bile was team captain and a ... His brother, Jama Bile, ran competitively for Northern Arizona University. His son Ahmed Bile ran competitively for Georgetown ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdi_Bile

A Bucket of Bile, Best of Bile (2004) Camp Blood (2005) Hate Radio (2009) Built to Fuck, Born to Kill (2013) Sharks and Covid, ... Bile. Krztoff coined the phrase "Demonic Electronic" to best describe their sound and live show. Bile has played and toured the ... Bile is an American industrial metal project based in New York City. Although there have been many different members throughout ... When performing live, Bile consists of Krztoff (vocals, lead guitar), R.H. Bear (bass, effects), Dave Sussman (guitar), former ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bile_(band)

... (Ukrainian: Біле озеро, means 'white lake') is a lake in the south-western Ukraine, in the delta of the Dniester ... Similar to the other lakes of the Dniester River delta, Lake Bile is the unique biotope, inhabited by a lot of rare plant ... the Dniester wetlands (in Russian) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lake Bile. http://www.poezdnik.kiev.ua/ozera/bile_ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Bile

The Bile River is a river in the United States territory of Guam. List of rivers of Guam U.S. Geological Survey Geographic ... Names Information System: Bile River v t e (Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bile_River

Bile Style Records FORMAT: LP INFO: Full title: "Regurge: A Bucket of Bile Best Of." This is a best of compilation containing ... Bile Style Records FORMAT: LP INFO: A collection of Bile's cover songs. All songs recorded, mixed, and mastered by Krztoff. ... The Devil's Bile Legion Demonic Electronic Celebrity Prime Time Loser Bad Karma The Hatred Acid Buried in the Back Demons Jerk ... LABEL: Bile Style Records FORMAT: LP INFO: "Demonic Electronic" was written, performed, produced, recorded, mixed, engineered, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bile_discography

Consumers of bear bile have a strong preference for bile produced from wild bears; bile from farms may, therefore, not be a ... Bear species farmed for collecting bile Bear bile and gallbladders, which store bile, are ingredients in traditional Chinese ... "Ending the bear bile industry" World Animal Protection Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bear bile. "New home for bile ... Some bears may be kept in cages for bile extraction for 20 years or more. A bear can produce 2.2 kg of bile over a 5-year ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bile_bear

... birthname Bile), 19th century Cameroonian ruler Bile River, Guam Birecik, Turkey, a city called Bile during the Crusades Bile, ... Bile is a greenish-yellow alkaline fluid secreted from the liver of most vertebrates. Bile may also refer to: Abdi Bile (born ... BiLE) All pages with titles containing bile Biles, a surname This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title ... a Southern Bantoid Jarawan language of Nigeria Black bile, a humor in ancient and pre-modern medicine Yellow bile, a humor in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bile_(disambiguation)

Bile (Bille) is one of the few Bantu languages of Nigeria. Bile at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) Blench, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bile_language

"Mingo Bile Régio Francisco Congo Zalata". National Football Teams. Retrieved 16 November 2018. Mingo Bile at National-Football- ... Mingo Bile started his career at Primeiro de Agosto in 2003. In 2006, he transferred to Desportivo da Huíla to earn more game ... Mingo Bile was first called into the National Team in 2010 and has now gained 36 caps. Scores and results list Albania's goal ... "Mingo Bile". footballdatabase.eu. Retrieved 2017-07-27. "Futebol: Plantel do 1º de Agosto para época 2019/20" (in Portuguese). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mingo_Bile

Micrograph of a bile duct hamartoma. Trichrome stain. Intermediate magnification Micrograph of a bile duct hamartoma. Trichrome ... A bile duct hamartoma or biliary hamartoma, is a benign tumour-like malformation of the liver. They are classically associated ... At CT scans, bile duct hamartomas appear as small, well-defined hypo- or isoattenuating masses with little or no enhancement ... Due to failure of regression of embryonic biliary duct.[citation needed] Histopathology of a bile duct hamartoma, high ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bile_duct_hamartoma

The interlobular bile ducts (or interlobular ductules) carry bile in the liver between the Canals of Hering and the interlobar ... STRAZZABOSCO, MARIO; FABRIS, LUCA (2008-06-01). "Functional Anatomy of Normal Bile Ducts". Anatomical Record. 291 (6): 653-660 ... bile ducts. They are part of the interlobular portal triad and can be easily localized by looking for the much larger portal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interlobular_bile_ducts

Primary bile acid diarrhea (Type 2 bile acid "malabsorption") may be caused by an overproduction of bile acids. Several groups ... It has also been called bile acid-induced diarrhea, cholerheic or choleretic enteropathy, bile salt diarrhea or bile salt ... Bile acid malabsorption (BAM), known also as bile acid diarrhea, is a cause of several gut-related problems, the main one being ... Bile acids (also called bile salts) are produced in the liver, secreted into the biliary system, stored in the gallbladder and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bile_acid_malabsorption

... s (BSH) are microbial enzymes that deconjugate primary bile acids. They catalyze the first step of bile acid ... which regulates bile acid synthesis and transport. Upon activation, FXR can repress bile acid synthesis and alter the bile acid ... bile acid reconjugation involves the addition of amino acids to an unconjugated bile acid. Additionally, microbial bile acid ... One consequence of bile acid metabolism is the variety of effects on the host. In the case of BSHs, deconjugated bile acids can ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bile_salt_hydrolase

Bile (Ukrainian: Біле) is an urban-type settlement in Alchevsk Raion (district) in Luhansk Oblast of eastern Ukraine. Native ... language distribution as of the Ukrainian Census of 2001: Ukrainian: 44.55% Russian: 55.05% Others: 0.23% "Bile (Luhansk Oblast ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bile,_Luhansk_Oblast

... compose the outflow system of exocrine bile product from the liver. They can be divided into: Lobar ... Interlobular bile ducts (between the interlobar ducts and the lobules) - simple columnar epithelium. Intralobular bile ducts ( ... cholangioles or Canals of Hering) - simple cuboidal epithelium, then by hepatocytes Bile canaliculi - two half-canaliculi ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrahepatic_bile_ducts

An accessory bile duct is a conduit that transports bile and is considered to be supernumerary or auxiliary to the biliary tree ... Often diagnosed by HIDA scan, a bile leak from an accessory bile duct post-op can be treated with a temporary biliary stent[ ... Originating from the hepatic parenchyma the accessory bile duct may enter a large bile duct or the gallbladder at any location ... ISBN 978-0-7817-7165-8. Sharif, K; De Ville De Goyet, J (2003). "Bile duct of luschka leading to bile leak after ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accessory_bile_duct

This conduction of bile is the main function of the common bile duct. The hormone cholecystokinin, when stimulated by a fatty ... newly synthesized bile from the liver is forced into storage in the gallbladder. When open, the stored and concentrated bile ( ... promotes bile secretion by increased production of hepatic bile, contraction of the gallbladder, and relaxation of the ... The flow of bile from the ampulla of Vater into the duodenum is under the control of the sphincter of Oddi.[citation needed] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_bile_duct

... (BEA) is a selective differential agar used to isolate and identify members of the genus Enterococcus, ... Bile Esculin Agar is used primarily to differentiate Enterococcus from Streptococcus. Members of the genus Enterococcus are ... When new techniques are produced to identify enterococci, they are often compared to the use of bile esculin agar. Rollins, ... Lindell SS, Quinn P (May 1975). "Use of bile-esculin agar for rapid differentiation of Enterobacteriaceae". J. Clin. Microbiol ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bile_esculin_agar

... (English: Even If They Turn Off the Lights) is the fourth album by Turkish rock band maNga. It was ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Işıkları_Söndürseler_Bile

... (Somali: Cabdulaahi Bile Nuur, Arabic: ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ بيلي ﻧﻮﺭ), better known as Bile, is a Somali politician. He ... Bile is originally from northeastern Puntland. He hails Dishiishe clan and was born in the coastal town of Bosaso in the ... On August 13, 2000, Bile was selected as a member of the newly installed transitional parliament of Somalia; he still holds ... He is one of Somalia's longest serving national legislators.[citation needed] Bile served for the government for many years and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullahi_Bile_Noor

... s exchange anions such as chloride ions for bile acids. By doing so, they bind bile acids and sequester ... Bile salt diarrhea can also be a side-effect of gallbladder removal. Bile acid sequestrants are the principal therapy for bile ... Thus, bile acid sequestrants, along with any bile acids bound to the drug, are excreted via the feces after passage through the ... The bile acid sequestrants are a group of resins used to bind certain components of bile in the gastrointestinal tract. They ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bile_acid_sequestrant

... also known as hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase (HST) or sulfotransferase 2A1 (ST2A1) is an enzyme ... This gene is primarily expressed in liver and adrenal tissues where the encoded protein sulfonates steroids and bile acids. ... 1991). "Human liver steroid sulphotransferase sulphates bile acids". Biochem. J. 272 (3): 597-604. doi:10.1042/bj2720597. PMC ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bile_salt_sulfotransferase

Bilé is a character in the Lebor Gabála Érenn, a medieval Christian history of Ireland and the Irish (or Gaels), and in the genealogies of John O'Hart based on this tradition. He is described as a king of Galicia, an ancestor of the Gaels, the son of Breogan, and the father of Milesius. The Lebor Gabála purports to be an account of the Gaels' descent from Adam through the sons of Noah and how they came to Ireland. The tale relates that the Gaels spent 440 years wandering the Earth and underwent a series of tribulations.[citation needed] Eventually, the Gaels sailed to Iberia and conquered it. There, one of their leaders, Breogán, founded a city called Brigantia and built a great tower. From the top of the tower, his son Íth glimpses Ireland. The Gaels-including some of Breogán's sons-sailed to Ireland from Brigantia and took it from the Tuatha Dé Danann, the Irish pagan gods. Brigantia likely refers to A Coruña in Galicia (which was then known as Brigantium) and Breogán's tower is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bile_(Irish_legend)

Bile (Ukrainian: Біле, romanized: Bile) is the only village on Snake Island, in the Vylkove hromada, part of the Izmail Raion ... The village of Bile only consists of a few houses of the Ukrainian soldiers stationed there, as well as a monument to 25 ... Bile was founded in 2007 on Snake Island to serve Ukraine in a then ongoing dispute with Romania regarding the territorial ... Media related to Bile, Odesa Oblast at Wikimedia Commons (CS1 Ukrainian-language sources (uk), CS1 Romanian-language sources ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bile,_Odesa_Oblast

Bile is a fluid that is made and released by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. ... Bile helps with digestion. It breaks down fats into fatty acids, which can be taken into the body by the digestive tract. ... Bile is a fluid that is made and released by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. ...

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002237.htm

Bile ducts act as the livers waste disposal system, and malfunctioning bile ducts are behind a third of adult and 70 percent ... Scientists were able to use lab grown bile ducts to repair damaged mouse livers and in donor human livers cultured outside of ... Bile ducts act as the livers waste disposal system, and malfunctioning bile ducts are behind a third of adult and 70 percent ... be converted to the cells of the bile ducts usually destroyed in disease and vice-versa using a component of bile known as bile ...

https://www.drugdiscoverynews.com/bile-duct-organoids-help-repair-human-livers-15158

Try to pack everything in, the heroine of Nuala OFaolains mammoth first novel tells herself, paraphrasing Keatss famous advice to Shelley to load every rift with ore.

https://nymag.com/nymetro/arts/books/reviews/4439/

... is used to examine the bile duct and pancreatic ducts for the presence of gallstones, tumours, or inflammation. In this ... Other articles where bile duct is discussed: endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatoscopy: … ... The common bile duct averages about 10 cm in length, and flow of bile from its lower end into the intestine is controlled by ... it may block the common bile duct, which leads to a buildup of bilirubin in the blood and causes jaundice (a yellowing of the ...

https://www.britannica.com/science/bile-duct

Observational data show that low-dose aspirin users have reduced risk for bile duct cancer in all three subtypes of ... People who take low-dose aspirin have a significantly lower risk of developing bile duct cancer than nonusers, new research ... "We know that continuous, unremitting inflammation is one of the main factors that promotes cancer of the bile ducts," Dr ... The adjusted odds ratios (AORs) in favor of aspirin users being protected against bile duct cancer were also relatively ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/862365

Liver and Intra-Hepatic Bile Ducts NOMS PMRs for Manufacturing Sector. Data from 1999, 2003-2004, 2007-2010. Suggested Citation ...

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noms/noms2charts/manufacturing/icd-6.html

The Politics of Downtown Renewal Since 1945 will be the topic of our May 11 author talk by historians Roger Biles and Mark Rose ... Author Talk: Roger Biles and Mark Rose. Author Talk: Roger Biles and Mark Rose. A Good Place to Do Business: The Politics of ... Mark Rose is a Professor of History at Florida Atlantic University, and Roger Biles is a professor emeritus of history at ... The Politics of Downtown Renewal Since 1945 will be the topic of our May 11 author talk by historians Roger Biles and Mark Rose ...

https://www.hagley.org/research/author-talk-roger-biles-mark-rose

The best documented and most common entity is represented by type I bile acid malabsorption, which occurs as the result of a ... Type II bile acid malabsorption is found in the setting of a m … ... Three types of bile acid-induced diarrhoea can be distinguished. ... Type II bile acid malabsorption is found in the setting of a ... Severe bile acid malabsorption is relatively uncommon in the type III syndrome. Even in the presence of severe bile acid ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3742841/?dopt=Abstract

Posts about bile duct injury written by What Doctors Dont Tell You ... Even if the repair operation is a technical success, bile duct injury (BDI) during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (gallbladder ...

https://healthy.net/tag/bile-duct-injury/

Learn about bile duct cancer diagnosis from the National Cancer Institute. ... Tests that examine the bile ducts and nearby area are used to detect and diagnose bile duct cancer (cholangiocarcinoma). ... How is bile duct cancer diagnosed?. Procedures that make pictures of the bile ducts and the nearby area help diagnose bile duct ... If the bile duct is blocked, a thin, flexible tube called a stent may be left in the liver to drain bile into the small ...

https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/bile-duct-cancer/diagnosis

pertaining to bile, 1731, from French biliaire, from bile bile; peevishness (see bile). The meaning bilious in mood or ... bile. (n.). yellow bitter liquid secreted by the liver that aids in digestion, 1660s, from French bile (17c.) bile, also, ... bile, liver secretion, Old English galla (Anglian), gealla (West Saxon) gall, bile, from Proto-Germanic *gallon bile ( ... 1540s, pertaining to bile, biliary, from French bilieux, from Latin biliosus pertaining to bile, from bilis bile; ...

https://www.etymonline.com/search?page=0&q=bile&type=

How Simone Biles performs her four Olympic events. ... HOW GOOD IS BILES?. Biles hasnt lost an all-around competition ... Why is Simone Biles the greatest of all time? These amazing moves help her push for Olympics gold. Why Simone Biles is. the G O ... This is Biles "weakest event," and her least favorite. Despite that, she has one of the most difficult routines in the world, ... The second pass, the Biles I, is a double layout (double somersault in a laid-out position) with a half-twist. Shes been doing ...

https://www.usatoday.com/storytelling/graphic-novels/simone-biles-skills/1626732120436/

Bile Acid Diarrhoea long

https://www.gehealthcare.com/en-my/products/therapeutic-options-for-bile-acid-diarrhoea

Biles explained she was focusing on her mental health, and that her mind and body were not in sync as she performed skills, ... American gymnast Simone Biles won her seventh career Olympic medal Tuesday, earning bronze on the balance beam in a return to ... Bronze medalist Simone Biles of the United States celebrates on the podium, Aug.. 3, 20221. ... Biles wore a huge smile after landing a double pike dismount at the end of her routine. ...

https://www.voanews.com/a/tokyo-olympics_biles-wins-bronze-olympics-return/6209098.html

Kathleen Sebelius reached landmark legal ground Friday when Shawnee lawyer Dan Biles formally joined the Kansas Supreme Court. ...

https://www.cjonline.com/story/news/politics/state/2009/03/06/biles-joins-supreme-court/16596858007/

However, if youre experiencing symptoms like fatigue, weight loss, or jaundice, you may need to increase the amount of bile in ... Bile production is an important bodily function that people dont often think about in their day-to-day lives. ... Consider taking bile salt supplements. Bile salts may help to regulate your bodys bile production if you have gallbladder ... Be sure to stay hydrated throughout the day. Since bile is composed primarily of water, your bile production tends to suffer ...

https://www.wikihow.com/Increase-Bile

Simone Biles (@Simone_Biles) April 11, 2020. The challenge calls for a person to put on a T-shirt while doing a handstand. ... Yet Biles managed to upstage them all. She did it without using a wall for support. ... If anyones going to crush a handstand challenge, its going to be Simone Biles. ...

https://edition.cnn.com/2020/04/12/us/simone-biles-handstand-challenge-trnd/index.html

Simone Biles decision to exit the womens team final has prompted comments from around the world. Heres the transcript of ... Read What Simone Biles Said After Her Withdrawal From The Olympic Final ... Simone Biles decision to pull out of the womens team final has prompted comments and analysis around the world, including ... Simone Biles spoke at length about the reasons behind her withdrawal from the gymnastics team final. Shes seen here on ...

https://www.wclk.com/2021-07-28/read-what-simone-biles-said-after-her-withdrawal-from-the-olympic-final

Kurtz: Why does the Boston Globe publish bile?. Howard Kurtz weighs in ...

https://www.foxnews.com/video/3991593652001

NEW YORK - Mix blatant bigotry with poor spelling. Add a dash of ALL CAPS. Top it off with a violent threat. And the...

https://www.courierpostonline.com/story/news/2013/12/26/bye-bye-bile-websites-try-to-nix-nasty-comments/4205641/

Simone Biles is a famous gymnast who is not only popular for her prowess in sports but also for her fashion sense. The Ohio ... Biles has dominated the world of gymnastics for years, and now, she has decided to try new things. According to NBC Sports, the ... Biles dominated the gymnastic world and has a combination of about 32 Olympic and World Championship medals. She is famous as ... Also, she was an executive producer for the 2018 biopic, "The Simone Biles Story: Courage to Soar and she also appeared in ...

https://www.inquisitr.com/10008085/simone-biles-stuns-in-leggy-minidress

... said Team USAs high-performance team coordinator Tom Forster of Simone Biles ... MyKayla Skinner Says Simone Biles Ensured She Stayed in Japan in Case, Thinks Biles Will Compete in Beam ... Biles, who also made the event finals in vault, floor, bars and beam, and who still could win a record five golds, leads on ... Biles, the reigning Olympic all-around champion, and Lee will be the two qualifiers to the all-around from Team USA. Both are ...

https://people.com/sports/tokyo-olympics-simone-biles-team-usa-uncharacteristically-sloppy-errors-qualifying-round/

Biles probably will launch another generation of gymnastics-mania in America, like Mary Lou Retton did in the 1980s. Biles has ... Biles has a chance to win gold in vault (Sunday), balance beam (Monday) and floor (Tuesday). She was the top scorer in all ... Biles won the womens all-around gold in a performance that will have people talking for years. She will become the Nadia ... When Biles finished and the packed house gave her a standing ovation, her all-business demeanor cracked and she burst into ...

https://www.chron.com/news/article/Biles-cements-G-O-A-T-title-9137955.php

Simone Biles on the balance beam.. Getty Images. The Americans entered the Games as odds-on favorites, touted as perhaps the ... "It wasnt an easy day or my best but I got through it," Biles wrote in an Instagram post Monday morning. "I truly do feel like ... Biles, though, still finished first overall for the all-around competition. On Tuesday, shell have a chance to start anew amid ... Biles contributed to her teams struggles with a slew of uncharacteristic errors. In the floor routine, she finished in second ...

https://nypost.com/2021/07/26/simone-biles-feeling-weight-of-the-world-after-olympic-performance/amp/?__twitter_impression=true&fbclid=IwAR0NCBPyWNkZpZHpc0k_Nv479fTv96ekXgbpEUnGzhH8fVu9M1R9P7VABbM

Tags: Health, Lifestyle, Larry Nassar, Michael Phelps, Simone Biles, Breonna Taylor, Olympics, Naomi Osaka, Ahmaud Arbery, ... Tags: Health, Lifestyle, Larry Nassar, Michael Phelps, Simone Biles, Breonna Taylor, Olympics, Naomi Osaka, Ahmaud Arbery, ... Biles and Osaka, born months apart in 1997, are members of Gen Z, the first generation whose entire lives have been online. Gen ... Biles and Naomi Osaka are prominent young Black women under the pressure of a global Olympic spotlight that few human beings ...

https://www.click2houston.com/health/2021/08/04/black-women-across-generations-heed-biles-olympic-example/

Simone Biles will not defend her title in the womens all-around competition at the Tokyo Games. ... Biles, who had qualified first overall on Sunday, will be replaced by Jade Carey, who came in ninth overall. Sunisa Lee, who ... The issue prevented Biles from being able to focus mentally on the complex aspects of her routine. On Tuesday she attempted a ... TOKYO - Simone Biles will not compete in Thursdays all-around competition, where she was expected to defend the gold medal she ...

https://sports.yahoo.com/simone-biles-out-of-olympic-all-around-competition-061245183-070142504.html

3 Abstracts with Bile Duct Injury Research. Filter by Study Type. Animal Study. ... Diseases : Bile Duct Injury, Chemically-Induced Liver Damage, Cholestasis, Statin-Induced Pathologies ... Diseases : Alkaline Phosphatase: Elevated, Bile Duct Injury, Bilirubin: Elevated, Cholangiolitis, Cholestasis, Hepatitis: ... A case of atorvastatin-induced prolonged cholestasis with bile duct damage has been reported.Jan 01, 2010. ...

https://greenmedinfo.com/disease/bile-duct-injury

Bile duct cysts in a female Harlan Sprague-Dawley rat from a chronic study (higher magnification of Figure 1). ... Bile duct cyst-multiloculated cyst in a female Harlan Sprague-Dawley rat from a chronic study. ... Bile duct cysts in a female Harlan Sprague-Dawley rat from a chronic study. ... Bile duct cysts in a female Harlan Sprague-Dawley rat from a chronic study. ...

https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/nnl/hepatobiliary/liver/bdcyst/index.htm

Important information from Karmanos Cancer Institute about bile duct cancer, its causes, risk factors, diagnosis and treatment. ... What is bile duct cancer?. Bile duct cancer is a rare disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the bile ducts. Bile ... Intrahepatic bile duct cancer: This type of cancer forms in the bile ducts inside the liver. Only a small number of bile duct ... Extrahepatic bile duct cancer: This type of cancer forms in the bile ducts outside the liver. The extrahepatic bile duct is ...

https://www.karmanos.org/karmanos/bile-duct-cancer-treated-at-karmanos

Simone Biles has a new element to do at the world championships, but the value of it is being watered down to keep other ...

https://www.greenvilleonline.com/story/sports/columnist/nancy-armour/2019/10/04/gymnastics-simon-biles-penalized-championships-being-too-good/3866255002/

When you eat, your gallbladder pushes the bile into tubes called bile ducts. (medlineplus.gov)
Scientists were able to use lab grown bile ducts to repair damaged mouse livers and in donor human livers cultured outside of the body demonstrating, for the first time, that that lab grown organoids could be used in regenerative medicine to repair damaged donor organs making liver transplants more accessible - more work needs to be done before this can move to the clinic though. (drugdiscoverynews.com)
Bile ducts act as the liver's waste disposal system, and malfunctioning bile ducts are behind a third of adult and 70 percent of children's liver transplantations-there are currently no alternative treatments, which is a problem given the shortage of liver donors. (drugdiscoverynews.com)
Bile duct diseases affect only certain ducts while sparing others. (drugdiscoverynews.com)
Using the techniques of single-cell RNA sequencing and organoid culture, the researchers discovered that, although duct cells differ, biliary cells from the gallbladder-which is usually spared by the disease-could be converted to the cells of the bile ducts usually destroyed in disease and vice-versa using a component of bile known as bile acid. (drugdiscoverynews.com)
is used to examine the bile duct and pancreatic ducts for the presence of gallstones, tumours, or inflammation. (britannica.com)
flatworm that lives in the bile ducts and causes a condition known as liver rot. (britannica.com)
Procedures that make pictures of the bile ducts and the nearby area help diagnose bile duct cancer (cholangiocarcinoma) and show how far the cancer has spread. (cancer.gov)
The process used to find out if cancer cells have spread within and around the bile ducts or to distant parts of the body is called staging. (cancer.gov)
This surgical procedure is done to look at the organs inside the abdomen, such as the bile ducts and liver, to check for signs of cancer. (cancer.gov)
This procedure is used to x-ray the liver and bile ducts. (cancer.gov)
Dye is injected into the liver or bile ducts and an x-ray is taken. (cancer.gov)
This procedure is used to x-ray the ducts (tubes) that carry bile from the liver to the gallbladder and from the gallbladder to the small intestine. (cancer.gov)
Sometimes bile duct cancer causes these ducts to narrow and block or slow the flow of bile, causing jaundice . (cancer.gov)
Bile duct cancer is a rare disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the bile ducts. (karmanos.org)
This type of cancer forms in the bile ducts inside the liver. (karmanos.org)
This type of cancer is found in the hilum region, the area where the right and left bile ducts exit the liver and join to form the common hepatic duct. (karmanos.org)
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (a progressive disease in which the bile ducts become blocked by inflammation and scarring). (karmanos.org)
Cysts in the bile ducts (cysts block the flow of bile and can cause swollen bile ducts, inflammation, and infection). (karmanos.org)
Getting a picture of your liver and bile ducts can help your doctor determine the best course of treatment for your particular cancer. (sutterhealth.org)
Biliary - Pertainting to the bile, to the bile ducts or to the gallbladder. (creighton.edu)
Jaundice may be caused by liver disease ( hepatitis ), blood disorders ( hemolytic anemia ), or blockage of the tubes (bile ducts) that allow bile to pass from the liver to the small intestine . (peacehealth.org)
Find out if something is blocking the bile ducts. (peacehealth.org)
7. Primary cancer of the Bile ducts. (cdc.gov)

FILE - In this July 27, 2021 file photo, Simone Biles, of the United States, watches gymnasts perform after she exited the team final at the 2020 Summer Olympics, in Tokyo. (click2houston.com)
Simone Biles of Team United States watches her team perform on bars after pulling out of the competition after only competing on the vault during the Women's Team Final on day four on day four of the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games at Ariake Gymnastics Centre on July 27, 2021, in Tokyo, Japan. (ktla.com)
Simone Biles, of the United States, waits to perform on the vault during the artistic gymnastics women's final at the 2020 Summer Olympics, Tuesday, July 27, 2021, in Tokyo. (wtkr.com)
USA's Simone Biles reacts during the artistic gymnastics women's team final during the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games at the Ariake Gymnastics Centre in Tokyo on July 27, 2021. (koat.com)

Simone Biles spoke at length about the reasons behind her withdrawal from the gymnastics team final. (wclk.com)
Biles spoke at length about her decision, saying she was shaking before the Olympic team gymnastics final - and that she withdrew after realizing that the "mental's not there. (wclk.com)
Biles has dominated the world of gymnastics for years, and now, she has decided to try new things. (inquisitr.com)
On Sunday, the Simone Biles-led team made uncharacteristically sloppy errors during the qualifying round at Ariake Gymnastics Centre in Tokyo. (people.com)
US gymnast Simone Biles (L) and her compatiot Alexandra Raisman celebrate after the women's individual all-around final of the Artistic Gymnastics at the Olympic Arena during the Rio 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro on August 11, 2016. (chron.com)
Simone Biles and the US women's gymnastics team unexpectedly struggled in Sunday's qualifiers - and the four-time gold medalist is beginning to feel the pressure. (nypost.com)
I say put mental health first because if you don't, then you're not going to enjoy your sport and you're not going to succeed as much as you want to," Biles, 24, said after pulling out of the women's team gymnastics final on July 27. (click2houston.com)
INDIANAPOLIS -- Olympic gymnastics champion Simone Biles is ready to take on the world again. (espn.com)
Reitz's comments come after Biles withdrew from the women's gymnastics team competition after experiencing an issue during a vault attempt. (wtkr.com)
After U.S. gymnasts Simone Biles and Aly Raisman took home gold and silver respectively in a historic gymnastics event at the Rio Olympic Games, the two superstar athletes celebrated in the sort of way you probably would after a huge victory: with some ice cream and french fries. (teenvogue.com)
Congratulations are in order for Simone Biles , as she is now one of the most decorated Americans in the history of Olympic gymnastics. (popsugar.com)
When Biles prioritized her mental wellbeing and withdrew from competing in the Olympics gymnastics team and overall individual competitions, other athletes saw that it's OK to say that you are not OK sometimes. (today.com)
Simone Biles will not defend her Olympic title.The American gymnastics superstar withdrew from Thursday's all-around competition to focus on her mental well-being.USA Gymnastics said on Wednesday that the 24-year-old is opting to not compete. (koat.com)
Her courage shows, yet again, why she is a role model for so many," a statement from USA Gymnastics says.Jade Carey will take Biles' place in the all-around. (koat.com)
International Gymnastics Federation rules limit countries to two athletes per event in the finals.The organization said Biles will be evaluated daily before deciding if she will participate in next week's individual events. (koat.com)
I heard roller coasters may help kidney stones," Biles said, according to the International Gymnastics Federation, "and I am basically my own little roller coaster out there. (improbable.com)
According to USA Gymnastics, Biles dropped out due to an undisclosed medical issue after faltering in the vault competition - the first event for the American team on Tuesday. (thewrap.com)
Cartwheels, handstands, turns and leaps are some of the many skills you can train on the Simone Biles wood beam designed for home gymnastics. (interactivesportszone.com)
Confidence-wise and consistency, I still think we have a ways to go to get back up to where I was in Rio, but gymnastics-wise, [better than in 2016]," Biles said. (nbcsports.com)
I truly do feel like I have the weight of the world on my shoulders at times," wrote US gymnast Simone Biles to her 5.8 million Instagram followers, after an uncharacteristically flawed performance at Sunday's women's gymnastics qualifications. (redg.co)

The common bile duct averages about 10 cm in length, and flow of bile from its lower end into the intestine is controlled by the muscular action of the hepatopancreatic sphincter (sphincter of Oddi), located in the duodenal papilla. (britannica.com)
In the absence of symptoms of the primary disease, most patients with bile duct strictures remain asymptomatic until the lumen of the bile duct is sufficiently narrowed to cause resistance to the flow of bile. (medscape.com)

US gymnast Simone Biles won the event ahead of her compatiot Alexandra Raisman and Russia's Aliya Mustafina. (chron.com)
Raisman and Biles kept each other company and calm throughout the competition, telling each other they loved each other and exchanging high fives and hugs. (chron.com)
On Monday night, Biles' former teammate Aly Raisman tweeted in support of all athletes competing, noting the toll it takes on their psyche. (thewrap.com)
Speaking to NBC's " Today " after news broke of Biles dropping out, Raisman said she's "completely devastated" and "so worried" for the gymnast, further noting the importance of taking care of one's mental health. (thewrap.com)
Aly Raisman , who staged her own successful comeback to make the Rio Olympics, told Biles on Saturday night that she's not human. (nbcsports.com)

RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL - AUGUST 11: Simone Biles of the United States competes on the balance beam during the Women's Individual All Around Final on Day 6 of the 2016 Rio Olympics at Rio Olympic Arena on August 11, 2016 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. (chron.com)
1 of 3 RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL - AUGUST 11: Gold medalist Simone Biles of the United States celebrates after the medal ceremony for the Women's Individual All Around on Day 6 of the 2016 Rio Olympics at Rio Olympic Arena on August 11, 2016 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. (chron.com)
The world championship is the first international meet for Biles since the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro. (espn.com)
Gold medal gymnast Simone Biles rewrites the laws of physics in an eye-popping new Tokyo Olympics commercial. (eonline.com)
Biles' superstar talent has captured all of the globe's attention ever since her first appearance on the Olympics stage in 2016. (eonline.com)
Biles will be competing for her second Olympics during an unprecedented year. (eonline.com)
The former Dancing With the Stars competitor Biles detailed her intense 'down and dirty' training schedule ahead of the Summer Olympics, and explained why she felt compelled to compete again . (eonline.com)
Simone Biles said on Monday the mental health concerns that led to her dramatic withdrawal from several events at the Tokyo Olympics had begun before she even arrived in Japan. (deccanherald.com)
Simone Biles withdrew from competition at the Tokyo Olympics after competing in vault, saying she needed to protect her mental health. (today.com)
Biles has been vocal in saying that the pressure of being on a global stage like the Olympics has been harder than ever. (thewrap.com)

Biles hasn't lost an all-around competition since 2013, and will be heavily favored to be the first woman in more than 50 years, and only third overall, to repeat as the Olympic champion. (usatoday.com)
Though she didn't do it at either nationals or the Olympic trials, Biles has continued working on it and performed it in training in Tokyo. (usatoday.com)
American gymnast Simone Biles won her seventh career Olympic medal Tuesday, earning bronze on the balance beam in a return to competition after having to withdraw from earlier events. (voanews.com)
Biles dominated the gymnastic world and has a combination of about 32 Olympic and World Championship medals. (inquisitr.com)
Biles, the reigning Olympic all-around champion, and Lee will be the two qualifiers to the all-around from Team USA. (people.com)
We got a taste of what Biles can do at the Olympic trials in San Jose last month. (chron.com)
Biles and Naomi Osaka are prominent young Black women under the pressure of a global Olympic spotlight that few human beings ever face. (click2houston.com)
After further medical evaluation, Simone Biles has withdrawn from the final individual all-around competition at the Tokyo Olympic Games, in order to focus on her mental health," the statement read. (yahoo.com)
I felt pretty comfortable coming into the Olympic Games and then I don't know what happened," Biles said. (yahoo.com)
Biles will be joined by 2017 world all-around champion Morgan Hurd, 2017 U.S. champion and 2016 Olympic alternate Ragan Smith, Riley McCusker, Grace McCallum and Kara Eaker. (espn.com)
Simone Biles will not defend her Olympic title. (ktla.com)
Simone Biles will follow Olympic teammate Laurie Hernandez, who won DWTS Season 23. (popcrush.com)
Olympic gymnast Simone Biles pulled out of the women's team finals at the Tokyo Games Tuesday morning, paving the way for the Russian Olympic Committee to win the gold medal. (thewrap.com)

Patients with cholestatic liver disease such as primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) can experience significant impairment of bile flow and may develop neurological symptoms including fatigue and cognitive decline. (news-medical.net)
For some cancers, we offer a variety of advanced surgical techniques , including embolization therapy, bile duct resection, biliary bypass surgery and liver resection. (sutterhealth.org)
Microbiological bile analysis might, however, have a role in patients with complications of orthotopic liver transplantation and those in whom adequate biliary drainage has not been achieved. (medscape.com)
Bacteremia as a complication of biliary intervention tends to occur in patients with obstructed bile flow, especially those who have previously undergone orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), surgery to the biliary tree, sphincterotomy, or placement of a biliary stent. (medscape.com)
[ 5 ] The researchers collected bile samples from 243 consecutive patients with biliary obstruction, who underwent a total of 400 ERCP or PTC procedures at a single tertiary center over a 13-month period. (medscape.com)
The most important risk factors associated with having a positive bile culture were the presence of a biliary stent (97%), primary sclerosing cholangitis (85%), previous OLT (91%) and malignancy (80%), which confirms the findings of previous studies. (medscape.com)
Patients with a major surgical injury to the bile duct and those with recurrent strictures and interventions may have evidence of a bile leak in the form of a biliary fistula, biliary peritonitis, or a biloma. (medscape.com)

TOKYO - Simone Biles will not compete in Thursday's all-around competition, where she was expected to defend the gold medal she won at the 2016 Rio de Janeiro games. (yahoo.com)
Biles qualified for the finals on all four apparatuses, something she didn't even do during her five-medal haul in Rio de Janeiro in 2016. (ktla.com)
From Lauren Graham to Simone Biles, there are some obvious choices for the 2016-2017 season. (popcrush.com)
Biles qualified for the finals on all four apparatuses, something she didn't even do during her five-medal haul in Rio de Janeiro in 2016.The 24-year-old came to Tokyo as arguably the face of the Games following the retirement of swimmer Michael Phelps and sprinter Usain Bolt. (koat.com)

Why is Simone Biles the greatest of all time? (usatoday.com)
Bronze medalist Simone Biles of the United States celebrates on the podium, Aug.. 3, 20221. (voanews.com)
Simone Biles' decision to pull out of the women's team final has prompted comments and analysis around the world, including much praise for Biles' choosing to prioritize her mental health. (wclk.com)
If anyone's going to crush a handstand challenge, it's going to be Simone Biles. (cnn.com)
Simone Biles is a famous gymnast who is not only popular for her prowess in sports but also for her fashion sense. (inquisitr.com)
According to NBC Sports , the world champion recently started her reality series, "Daring Simone Biles' ' on Snapchat. (inquisitr.com)
Also, she was an executive producer for the 2018 biopic, "The Simone Biles Story: Courage to Soar'' and she also appeared in the series finale of Black-ish . (inquisitr.com)
Simone Biles is the best female gymnast that's ever been," Canadian gymnast Elsabeth Black said. (chron.com)
Simone Biles on the balance beam. (nypost.com)
Simone Biles during women's qualification. (nypost.com)
Texas' deputy attorney general has apologized for a since-deleted tweet in which he called U.S. gymnast Simone Biles "childish" and a "national embarrassment. (wtkr.com)
I can't imagine what Simone Biles has gone through," Reitz tweeted. (wtkr.com)
Simone Biles is a true patriot and one of the greatest gymnasts of our time. (wtkr.com)
I owe @Simone_Biles an apology. (wtkr.com)
Simone Biles surely is a showstopper-and it's clear the laws of physics don't apply to her out-of-this-world skills. (eonline.com)
When you are Simone Biles, certain laws just don't apply-like gravity,' a commentator states as Biles does a series of flips. (eonline.com)
Besides Simone Biles, I was Simone, and people kind of respected that. (deccanherald.com)
A lot of people can learn from what Simone Biles did this week - and the biggest lesson may be for all the sports parents raising young competitors with mantras like "don't be a quitter" and "your team is depending on you. (today.com)
Simone Biles: I feel like none of us are competitive towards each other because we realize we're stronger as a team, rather than individually. (achievement.org)
Simone Biles was in the emergency room past 1 a.m. on Saturday in Qatar. (improbable.com)
Simone Biles not competing in the team event is like going to see a Broadway show with an understudy performing. (thewrap.com)
@Simone_Biles already won. (thewrap.com)
God bless the great Simone Biles. (thewrap.com)
Simone Biles appears to defy gravity in slow-motion footage of one of her moves on the floor. (huffpost.com)
The Simone Biles for Home adjustable wood balance beam grows as your skills and confidence grows. (interactivesportszone.com)
BOSTON - All the gold medals for Simone Biles . (nbcsports.com)

it may block the common bile duct, which leads to a buildup of bilirubin in the blood and causes jaundice (a yellowing of the skin and eyes). (britannica.com)
The distal region is made up of the common bile duct which passes through the pancreas and ends in the small intestine. (karmanos.org)
Cholangitis occurs in the presence of partial or complete obstruction of the common bile duct (CBD), with increased intraluminal pressures, bacterial infection of the bile with multiplication of the organisms within the duct, and seeding of the bloodstream with bacteria or endotoxin. (medscape.com)

They carry the bile to your small intestine. (medlineplus.gov)
If the bile duct is blocked, a thin, flexible tube called a stent may be left in the liver to drain bile into the small intestine or a collection bag outside the body. (cancer.gov)
Additionally, diarrhea may be caused by excess bile salts entering the colon rather than being absorbed at the end of the small intestine, typically shortly after eating. (wikidoc.org)
in addition, the surgeon must remove most of the duodenum (the first part of the small intestine), part of the bile duct, the gallbladder, and the lymph nodes in the area of the pancreas. (umassmed.edu)

This event has the distinction of being where she won her 24th medal at the world championships -- a gold in 2019 -- which gave Biles the record for most medals at worlds of any gymnast, male or female. (usatoday.com)

mostly occurring as bile salts. (encyclopedia.com)

Biles, Jordan Chiles, Sunisa Lee and Grace McCallum are in second with a score of 170.562. (people.com)
Jordan Chiles competed for Biles on the uneven bars - the American team's second apparatus in the competition - with Biles cheering on from the sidelines. (thewrap.com)

This report presents the clinical course and clinicopathological features of neuroendocrine carcinomas arising from the extrahepatic bile duct. (medscape.com)
The extrahepatic bile duct is made up of the hilum region and the distal region. (karmanos.org)

Biles, 24, regarded by many as the greatest gymnast of all time and who had been strongly tipped to win multiple gold medals in Japan, said she had withdrawn in order to prioritize her mental health. (deccanherald.com)

Biles later withdrew from the individual all-around competition, citing a need to focus on her mental health. (wtkr.com)

Only a small number of bile duct cancers are intrahepatic. (karmanos.org)
Intrahepatic bile duct cancers are also called intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas. (karmanos.org)
In addition, YYR induced a significantly increased ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 11 (ABCB11) gene expression compared with the placebo, indicating the role of YYR in lowering intrahepatic cholesterol availability by stimulating the bile salt export pump. (elsevierpure.com)
Conclusion: These findings suggest that daily YYR supplementation exerted hypocholesterolemic effects in mild-to-moderate hypercholesterolemic subjects by reducing intrahepatic cholesterol availability through stimulating bile salt export pumps and inhibiting cholesterol biosynthesis. (elsevierpure.com)

Carey initially did not qualify because she was the third-ranking American behind Biles and Sunisa Lee. (ktla.com)

reddish pigment found in bile,' 1868, from German bilirubin (1864), from bili- 'bile' (see bile ) + Latin ruber 'red' (from PIE root *reudh- 'red, ruddy') + -ine (2). (etymonline.com)
Water-solubility allows conjugated bilirubin to be excreted into bile. (medscape.com)
Bilirubin is a brownish yellow substance found in bile . (peacehealth.org)

It is not determined if Biles will return for any of the four individual finals that she qualified for - vault, balance beam, uneven bars or floor. (yahoo.com)
Just three floor exercise passes that went out of bounds (because of Biles' otherworldly tumbling power), plus small errors on uneven bars and balance beam Sunday. (nbcsports.com)
Biles won her first national title on uneven bars, the only event on which she did not earn a medal in Rio or at any world championships. (nbcsports.com)
Before Biles, the Landis were known for coaching Madison Kocian to uneven bars silver in Rio. (nbcsports.com)

Ragan Smith , who won the 2017 U.S. all-around in Biles' absence, is in danger of missing that team. (nbcsports.com)

A careful history, the measurement of stool weight and pH, a therapeutic trial of cholestyramine and the performance of a bile acid test, such as a bile acid breath test, can be used to establish the diagnosis of bile acid diarrhoea. (nih.gov)

The balance beam offered an opportunity for Biles to compete without the twisting skills that are more prevalent in the other events. (voanews.com)
Biles went on to win a bronze medal in the balance beam competition on Tuesday. (click2houston.com)
Correction: An earlier version of this post incorrectly stated that Biles fell off the balance beam at the U.S. Classic three weeks ago. (nbcsports.com)

Bile duct cancer is also called cholangiocarcinoma. (karmanos.org)
Perihilar bile duct cancer is also called a Klatskin tumor or perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. (karmanos.org)

The principal aims of the study were to identify risk factors for the presence of bacteria in bile and to examine whether modifying antibiotic therapy according to the results of microbiological analysis of bile affects the outcome of cholangitis treatment. (medscape.com)

Bile duct cysts in a female Harlan Sprague-Dawley rat from a chronic study. (nih.gov)

B) Human bile collected through percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage in the gallbladder of a patient affected with scrub typhus. (cdc.gov)
Sources of proteins in human bile. (bmj.com)
The proteins of 46 human bile specimens, collected by several different routes have been studied by crossed immunoelectrophoresis, by rocket immunoelectrophoresis and by radioimmunoassay. (bmj.com)
Our results show that the majority of human bile proteins derive from plasma although bile specific proteins are always present. (bmj.com)
Although the majority of human bile proteins would appear to enter bile by a molecular weight-dependent pathway, four proteins, namely secretory IgA, IgM, haemoglobin and caeruloplasmin, showed significant deviation from the predicted relationship and probably enter bile at least partly by transport across cells. (bmj.com)

Three types of bile acid-induced diarrhoea can be distinguished. (nih.gov)

Even if the repair operation is a technical 'success', bile duct injury (BDI) during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal by 'keyhole' surgery) has a strong adverse effect on the patient's quality of life for many years after the. (healthy.net)
Bile salt diarrhea is a possible side-effect of gallbladder removal. (wikidoc.org)

Your liver makes a digestive juice called bile. (medlineplus.gov)
Although neuroendocrine tumors are most commonly found in the digestive system, neuroendocrine tumors originating from the bile duct are rare, and neuroendocrine carcinomas derived from the perihilar bile duct are extremely rare. (medscape.com)
These parts are then "reconnected" in order to restore continuity of the bile system and digestive tract. (umassmed.edu)

Present data suggest that bile acids play no significant role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic diarrhoea. (nih.gov)

At Sutter East Bay Medical Foundation, doctors are skilled at treating liver and bile duct cancers using a variety of diagnostic tests, surgical procedures, drug therapies and radiation therapies. (sutterhealth.org)

The organization said Biles will be evaluated daily before deciding if she will participate in next week's individual events. (ktla.com)

Biles spent a portion of Wednesday evening watching American teammates Sam Mikulak and Brody Malone compete in the men's all-around finals. (ktla.com)
Once I came out here (to compete), I was like, 'No mental is, not there so I just need to let the girls do it and focus on myself,'" Biles said following the medal ceremony. (ktla.com)
Once I came out here (to compete), I was like, 'No mental is, not there so I just need to let the girls do it and focus on myself,'" Biles said following the medal ceremony.The decision opens the door wide open for the all-around, a title that was long considered a foregone conclusion. (koat.com)

Biles was plagued by an attack of the "twisties" in Tokyo -- a potentially dangerous phenomenon that causes gymnasts to lose their sense of direction when in the air. (deccanherald.com)
Like most gymnasts, 15-year-old Kaiya Connor of North Carolina is a huge fan of Biles. (today.com)

Mikulak, a three-time Olympian, praised Biles' decision. (ktla.com)

It wasn't an easy day or my best but I got through it," Biles wrote in an Instagram post Monday morning . (nypost.com)

Biles wore a huge smile after landing a double pike dismount at the end of her routine. (voanews.com)
I knew I was capable of [scoring this well], but I kind of thought I was going to be a nervous wreck and maybe fall apart," said Biles, who wore a teal mint leotard in part to stand with fellow Larry Nassar sexual-abuse survivors (teal ribbons were worn at NCAA meets in the winter and spring). (nbcsports.com)

How is bile duct cancer diagnosed? (cancer.gov)
In order to plan treatment, it is important to know if the bile duct cancer can be removed by surgery. (cancer.gov)
Tests and procedures to detect, diagnose, and stage bile duct cancer are usually done at the same time. (cancer.gov)
A higher than normal amount of these substances can be a sign of liver disease that may be caused by bile duct cancer. (cancer.gov)
Increased levels of CEA and CA 19-9 may be a sign of bile duct cancer. (cancer.gov)
Different procedures may be used to obtain a sample of tissue and diagnose bile duct cancer. (cancer.gov)
What is bile duct cancer? (karmanos.org)
What are risk factors for bile duct cancer? (karmanos.org)
What are signs and symptoms of bile duct cancer? (karmanos.org)
Treatment for bile duct cancer can include surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. (karmanos.org)

Biles explained she was focusing on her mental health, and that her mind and body were not in sync as she performed skills, especially those involving twists. (voanews.com)
Many speculated that Biles' decision to drop was more about her mental health than her physical health. (thewrap.com)
A few hours later, Biles clarified that her decision was indeed made for the sake of her mental health. (thewrap.com)

From the histopathological findings, we diagnosed the tumor as a neuroendocrine carcinoma of the bile duct (small cell type) with lymph node metastasis. (medscape.com)

A case of atorvastatin-induced prolonged cholestasis with bile duct damage has been reported. (greenmedinfo.com)
Atorvastatin has been reported to have caused severe acute hepatitis with symptomatic cholestasis for more than 3 months and bile duct injury. (greenmedinfo.com)

bile,' also, informally, 'anger,' from Latin bilis 'fluid secreted by the liver,' also in old medicine one of the four humors (also known as choler ), thus 'bitterness of feeling, peevishness,' supposedly caused by excess of bile (especially as black bile , 1797). (etymonline.com)

Blockage of the bile duct may also cause the gallbladder to become enlarged. (britannica.com)

Biles contributed to her team's struggles with a slew of uncharacteristic errors. (nypost.com)

Anatomy18

Organisms2

Diseases22

Chemicals and Drugs42

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment12

Phenomena and Processes3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Sulphated and unsulphated bile acids in serum, bile, and urine of patients with cholestasis. (1/2758)

Analysis of the effects of food and of digestive secretions on the small intestine of the rat. 1. Mucosal morphology and epithelial replacement. (2/2758)

Progesterone alters biliary flow dynamics. (3/2758)

A new bile acid conjugate, ciliatocholic acid, from bovine gall bladder bile. (4/2758)

An interpretation of the serum alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme patterns in patients with obstructive liver disease. (5/2758)

Influence of renal failure on intestinal clearance of ciprofloxacin in rats. (6/2758)

Cryoelectron microscopy of a nucleating model bile in vitreous ice: formation of primordial vesicles. (7/2758)

Environmental signals modulate ToxT-dependent virulence factor expression in Vibrio cholerae. (8/2758)

Bile

Bile Acids and Salts

Bile Ducts

Common Bile Duct

Bile Canaliculi

Bile Pigments

Bile Duct Diseases

Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic

Bile Duct Neoplasms

Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic

Bile Reflux

Taurocholic Acid

Chenodeoxycholic Acid

Cholic Acids

Deoxycholic Acid

Cholic Acid

Gallbladder

Cholestasis

Cholelithiasis

Lithocholic Acid

Ursodeoxycholic Acid

Glycocholic Acid

Liver

Common Bile Duct Diseases

Enterohepatic Circulation

Taurodeoxycholic Acid

Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid

Biliary Tract

Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase

Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Dependent

Gallstones

Cholesterol

Biliary Fistula

Cholagogues and Choleretics

Adenoma, Bile Duct

Cholecystectomy

Cholestasis, Extrahepatic

Cholangiography

Common Bile Duct Neoplasms

Bilirubin

Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde

Cholestanols

Biliary Tract Diseases

Cholestyramine Resin

Cholestasis, Intrahepatic

Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases

Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid

Dehydrocholic Acid

Feces

Taurine

Taurolithocholic Acid

Biliary Tract Surgical Procedures

Hepatic Duct, Common

Ligation

Ileum

Cholangitis

Intestinal Absorption

Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic

Cholestanetriol 26-Monooxygenase

Chromatography, Thin Layer

Jaundice, Obstructive

Symporters

Chromatography, Gas

Micelles

Steroid 12-alpha-Hydroxylase

Hepatocytes

Duodenum

Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear

Steroid Hydroxylases

Cholestanes

Choledocholithiasis

Glucuronates

Cholates

Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic

Cholangiocarcinoma

Sulfobromophthalein

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Sterols

Phospholipids

Intestines